Indeterminate Truss Lab Report

UNIVERSITI
TEKNOLOGI
MARA
Lab Report : CES511 – STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

KAMPUS PULAU PINANG
CES511 –STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LAB EXPERIMENT: INDETERMINATE TRUSS (CO2:PO5)
SEMESTER : MARCH - JULY 2020 DATE OF LAB :17th MARCH 2020
GROUP : PEC2215B1 LAB LEVEL OEL : 1
LECTURER : MADAM HAFIZAH BINTI MUHAMAD AZLAN
CO2: Organize laboratory work on structural elements and materials.
PO5: Ability to utilize appropriate techniques, resources and modern engineering and IT tools in predicting and modelling
of complex civil engineering problems with an understanding of the limitations.
STUDENT CRITERIA
No NAME
ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 TOTAL
1. 2019582589 NUR SAMIRAH IZATI BINTI AHMAD RAZI
2. 2019704841 MUHAMAD NUR AIZUDDIN BIN AMRIN
3. 2019701961 MUHAMMAD IKRAM BIN MOHD YUNOS
4. 2019715281 MUHAMAD ZAFRI BIN SAPAWI
5. 2019717297 MUHAMMAD ELHAMME BIN ABDUL KARIM
PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE RUBRIC

PERFORMANCE SCALE
NO. CRITERIA Developing Functional Proficient Advanced
0 1 2 3 4 5
 Independently
 Often requires  Generally able to designed / identified
 Has a very low ability to  Independently
Ability to design  Unable to design/
design/ identify the
instructor to design / design / identify basic
designed / identified
the idea / task of the
and conducted identify the basic idea / identify basic idea / task idea / task of the experiment with
basic idea / task of the idea / task of the
task of the experiment. of the experiment. experiment. additional supporting
1 a research-  Helps are required to
experiment.
 Helps are required with  Able to conduct the
experiment.
references.
based  Helps are required to  Able to conduct a
conduct the whole refinement in several experiment with  Show an outstanding
conduct the whole research-based
experiment experiment. major details and minimal guide from ability in conducting
experiment. experiment.
conduct the experiment. the instructor. research-based
experiment.
Ability to
perform Fails to notice the
experiment Has a very low awareness Practices most procedures Practices most safety Practices all safety
importance information and Minor flaws in safety.
on the importance of safety and conforms to procedures and conforms to procedures and conforms to
2 safely and safety factors in the
information and safety
Requires constant
the lab regulations with the lab regulations without the lab regulations without
aware of workplace. supervision.
factors in the workplace. minimal supervision. supervision. supervision.
priorities in the
laboratory.
Ability to
 All equipment are
demonstrate  Setup of equipment is  All equipment are
 Setup of equipment is accurately placed in an
care and  Unable to setup the  Setup of equipment is generally workable accurately placed.
generally workable orgained way
equipment not accurate  Demonstrates good  Demonstrates sound
3 respect in  No respect and care for  Lacks of respect and
 Demonstrates general
knowledge of respect knowledge of respect
 Demonstrates a very
handling the respect and care for the good knowledge of
the equipments. care for the equipments. and care for the and care for the
equipments. respect and care for the
equipment set- equipment. equipment.
equipments.
up.
Successfully
 Successfully complete  Successfully complete  Successfully complete
performs  Low ability to complete
experiment procedures experiment procedures  Successfully complete experiment
experiment  Cannot complete tasks tasks and standard
with moderate with minimal experiment independently.
and standard procedures.
4 without procedures.  Help is required with
supervision. supervision. independently.  Thoroughly and
guidance based  Requires help from the  Works to follow each  Carefully follow each carefully follow each
 Help is always required. refinement in several
instructor with some step before moving the step. step before moving to
on level of major details.
steps in procedure next step the next step.
openness.
 Data collected is relevant
 Data collected is relevant
and sufficient to analyze  Data collected is  Data collected is
 Data collected is in a and sufficient to analyze
that probably represents relevant, related to accurately reflects the
Ability to collect disorganized manner or that probably only
the results of the objective(s) and results of the
and record the Data collected are only with the instructor represents the results of
experiment but not sufficient to analyze. experiment and
disorganized and not assistance the experiment.
5 experimental relevant  Data recorded is  Two components of data
related to the objectives.  One component of data objective(s).
data in an  Two components of data incomplete or missing:  Tables are easy to read
relevant but very brief incomplete or missing:
incomplete or missing: Units and units are provided.
orderly manner and the data is Units
Units Tables Graphs are labeled and
insufficient to analyze. Tables
Tables Graphs show trends.
Graphs Graphs
Ability to All of the results have been
illustrate the Almost all of the results
All of the results have been interpreted correctly, with
experimental Incorrect interpretation of Incomplete interpretation Minimal with 1 sentence have been correctly
correctly interpreted, with sufficient support of
trends and comparison of of trends and comparison of describing the main finding interpreted but without
6 work and data indicating a lack of data indicating a lack of of the experiment. sufficient support of
only 1 sufficient support of important trends or data
manipulating important trends or data
understanding of results. understanding of results. important trends or data comparisons
comparisons.
data leading to comparisons.
findings
Instruction to Students
1. Two (2) weeks duration is given for each lab report submission.
2. Report must be type using Microsoft Office.
3. Any plagiarism found or not properly cited, the group will be penalized and marks will bededucted.
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PULAU PINANG LABORATORY REPORT
TITLE: INDETERMINATE TRUSS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In statics, a structure is statically indeterminate when the static equilibrium equations
are insufficient for determining the internal forces and reaction for that structure. In
order to analyze the indeterminate structure, consideration in the material properties
and compatibility in deformations are taken to solve statically indeterminate. A
statically indeterminate truss can be determined using the formula below:
DOI = (m+r)-(2j+c)
Where m = member, r = reaction, j = joint, c = internal hinge
2.0 OBJECTIVE
To compare the member forces of indeterminate truss determined in theoretical
structural analysis with respect to experimental result.
3.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the week, students should be able to:
1. Able to find the member forces in the truss system by using the superposition
method.
2. Describe the principal of superposition approach in solving indeterminate truss
problem.
4.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT
A truss is a structure that is made of straight, slender bars that are joined together to
form a pattern of triangles. Trusses are usually designed to transmit forces over
relatively long spans. Common examples of trusses are bridge trusses and roof
trusses.
5.0 APPARATUS
1) Apparatus of indeterminate truss

2) Computer
3) Ruler
6.0 PROCEDURE
1. The computer and the data acquisition module was switched on.
2. The screw jack was loosened so that the truss is free from applied load.
3. The Winview CP Plus software was being run.
4. The “setting” option was selected to set the module and channel to be
acquired.
5. When the setting was completed, returned to the sub menu. The start button
was clicked and the overwrite file option was chose.
6. The screw jack handle was being turned to apply load in the anticlockwise
direction and the reading of the screw jack was being recorded. When the
desired load was reached, stop turning the screw jack.
7. Allow approximately 5 seconds of reading to be captured.
8. The step 6 and 7 is repeated for a few load increment.
9. The table of data is tabulate.
7.0 DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS
a) Experimental Value
Initial
Members Final Readings In Members
Readings
Screw Jack (Applied load, N) 1.485 6.237 10.098 16.038 24.651 30.888 41.580
Member 1 ( DE ) 61.776 73.953 86.13 102.76 128.6 144.34 163.94
Member 2 ( CD ) 18.711 25.839 32.67 40.095 51.975 60.588 76.032
Member 3 ( CB ) -11.88 -16.335 -21.384 -27.027 -35.046 -39.798 -49.005
Member 4 ( AB ) -29.403 -31.482 -31.482 -31.779 -31.482 -32.076 -43.065
Member 5 ( AD ) 74.844 84.942 89.1 116.13 137.21 151.47 163.94
Member 6 ( BE ) -1.485 10.395 -21.681 -7.128 -53.46 19.899 3.861
Member 7 ( BD ) 6.237 9.801 13.959 27.621 37.125 43.065 40.392
Table 1 : Experimental value for internal members

b) Theoretical Value
Initial
Members Final Readings In Members
Readings
Screw Jack (Applied load, N) 1.485 6.237 10.098 16.038 24.651 30.888 41.580
Member 1 ( DE ) -0.003 -1.61 -17.59 -30.99 -46.63 -59.11 -80.49
Member 2 ( CD ) -2.1 -8.82 -14.21 -22.68 -34.86 -43.68 -58.80
Member 3 ( CB ) 1.485 6.237 10.05 16.037 24.65 30.886 41.58
Member 4 ( AB ) 4.45 7.59 9.69 14.156 24.35 30.586 41.28
Member 5 ( AD ) -2.1 -6.9 -14.86 -25.34 -35.29 -44.11 -59.23
Member 6 ( BE ) -4.2 -15.72 -29.07 -48.02 -70.15 -87.79 -118.03
Member 7 ( BD ) 0.005 1.357 -0.46 -1.883 -0.3 -0.304 -0.3
Member 8 (AE) 0.005 1.357 -0.412 -1.882 -0.299 -0.302 -0.3
Table 2 : Theoretical value for internal members

THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS
Degree of static indeterminacy, DOI:

d = m + r - 2j
where,
d = Degree of indeterminacy
r = Number of supports member
m = Number of members
j = Number of joints
DOI = m + r -2j
= 8 + 3 – 2(5)
=1
External = total reaction at support – number of static equilibrium equations

=3–3
=0
Internal = DOI – External

=1–0
= 1 (Redundant)
Sample Calculations For Theoretical Value of 1.485 N Load:
Primary Structure, N0
+ MA = 0
-1.485(1) + HE(0.5) = 0
HE = 2.97 N
∑ FY ↑ + = 0
VA + 1.485 = 0
VA = -1.485 N
∑ FX →+ = 0
2.97 + HA = 0
HA = -2.97 N
Calculations of internal forces in members by using method of joints:

Joint A ∑ FY ↑ + = 0
FAE - 1.485 = 0
FAE = 1.485 N
∑ FX →+ = 0
FAB - 2.97 = 0
FAB = 2.97 N
∑ FY ↑ + = 0
Joint E - 1.485 - FEB sin 45 = 0
FEB = -2.1 N
∑ FX →+ = 0
FED + 2.97 + (-2.1)cos45 = 0
FED = 1.06 N
∑ FY ↑ + = 0
Joint C 1.485 + FCD sin45 = 0
FCD = -2.1 N
∑ FX →+ = 0
-FBC - (-2.1)cos45 = 0
FBC = 1.485 N
Joint B
∑ FY ↑ + = 0
FBD + (-2.1)cos45 = 0
FBD = 1.485 N
Simple Calculations for Redundant, R1:

Redundant applied at internal forces, member 5(AD), N1
∑ FY ↑ + = 0
Joint A FAE + 1 sin 45 = 0
FAE = -0.707 kN
∑ FX →+ = 0
FAB + 1cos 45 = 0
FAB = -0.707 kN
∑ FY ↑ + = 0
Joint D -FDE -1cos 45 = 0
FDE = -0.707 kN
∑ FX →+ = 0
-FDB - 1sin45 = 0
FDB = -0.707 kN
∑ FY ↑ + = 0
Joint C FDC sin45 = 0
FDC = 0
∑ FX →+ = 0
FBC cos45 = 0
FBC = 0
Joint B
∑ FY ↑ + = 0
-0.707 + FEB cos45 = 0
FEB = 1kN
∆10 = N1N0L f11 = N1N1L N = N0 +

Member Length N0 (N) N1 (N)
(N) (N) N1R1 (N)
DE 0.5 -1.485 -0.707 -0.525 0.25 -0.003
CD 0.71 -2.1 0 1.491 0 -2.1
CB 0.5 1.485 0 0.525 0 1.485
AB 0.5 2.97 -0.707 1.05 0.25 4.45
AD 0.71 0 1 0 0.71 -2.1
BE 0.71 -2.1 1 1.492 0.71 -4.2
BD 0.5 1.485 -0.707 0.525 0.25 0.005
AE 0.5 1.485 -0.707 0.525 0.5 0.005
∑ ∆10 = 5.083 ∑ f11 = 2.42

Table 3 : Value of members forces for Primary Truss, N0 and Redundant, N1
Calculation for value of redundant, R1

∆1 = ∆10 + ∆11
5.083 2.42
0= + R1
AE AE
 5.083 AE
R1= ×
AE 2.42
= -2.1
GRAPH:
Graph 1: Forces in members 1 versus applied load for experimental and theoretical
From the graph, the slope of the experimental value is 2.39 and the slope of
theoretical value is -1.94. The percentage error by using formula
Theoretica l  Experimental
[ × 100] which is 223％.
Theoretica l
[ × 100] which is 256％.
Theoretica l
From the graph, the slope of the experimental value is -0.86 and the slope of
theoretical value is 1.0. The percentage error by using formula
[ × 100] which is 186％.
Theoretica l
From the graph, the slope of the experimental value is -0.44 and the slope of
[ × 100] which is 142％.
Theoretica l
[ × 100] which is 240％.
Theoretica l
[ × 100] which is 116％.
Theoretica l
From the graph, the slope of the experimental value is 0.5 and the slope of theoretical
value is 0.06. The percentage error by using formula [ ×
Theoretica l
100] which is -733％.
Sample of calculation of percentage error for each member :
䇅⺁ ɦ 㘮浔㰍㜰㘮⺁⸲ ɦ 㘮
ɦ
䇅⺁ ɦ 㘮
浔
㘮
㜰浔㜰
163.94  102.76
Experimental value = = 2.39(values obtain from the graph slope)
41.58  16.038
 80.49  (30.99)
Theoretical value = = -1.94 (values obtain from the graph slope)
41.58  16.038
 1.94  2.39
Percentage error, % = ×100 = 223 % of error
 1.94
Members Experimental Value Theoretical Value Percentage Error (%)
1 2.39 -1.94 223
2 1.41 -1.41 256
3 -0.86 1.0 186
4 -0.44 -1.06 142
5 1.87 -1.33 240
6 0.43 -2.74 116
7 0.128 0.06 -733
Table 4. Percentage error for each members

8.0 DISCUSSIONS
The experiment is to find the members forces for the indeterminate truss. The
degree of indeterminacy(DOI) of the structure is 1 so the theoretical value can be
determined by using superposition method. This indeterminate truss have 7 members
and to which are DE,CD,BC,AB,AD,BE, and BD . The theoretical value are being
calculated to show the accuracy of the experimental value. The forces of each
members for the theoretical value can be calculated using method of joints and the
flexibility method for truss since member AD are assumed as redundant,R1. By the
result obtained in table 1 and 2, it shows that there are large different in both values.
The different between theoretical value and experimental value shows that there are
some errors occurs when conducting the experiment.
The graph internal forces,N versus applied load are shown above. The
experimental values of member 1 (DE) increases while the theoretical values
decreases. The experimental values of member 2(CD) increases while the theoretical
values decreases. The experimental values of member 3 (CB) increases while
theoretical values decreases. The experimental values of member 4 (AB) decreases
while theoretical values increases. The experimental values of member 5 (AD)
increases while the the theoretical values decreases. The experimental values of
member 6 (BE) always change at each point which is increases and decreases while
the theoretical values decreases. The experimental values of member 7 (BD) increase
and the theoretical values are decreases.
From the graph, the value of the percentage error are obtained. Refer to the Table
4, the percentage error for almost each members are more than 100% except for
members 7 which the percentage error is negative value. The results from this
percentage error affirm that the error occur during the experiment. The existence of
wind can affected the experiment as the screw jack can be loosen. Besides,the
activity conducted near the truss also can affect the value of forces. Thus , the
experimental values are different with theoretical values.
9.0 CONCLUSIONS
As the conclusion, the objective of this experiment have been achieved as the
value of member forces in theoretical value and experimental value was obtained and
being compared. The experimental force data that we collected from digital reading
than compared with theoretical force value that be done manually. As the graph
internal forces versus load is been plotted, the result was as similar to the linear. The
graph shows that different members have different internal forces when the load are
being applied.
By the results, its shows that the possible source of errors are firstly by human
errors which happened while applied the loads since the device are very sensitive and
need to be conduct properly.Besides, machine error also can cause the error in results.
The equipment for this indeterminate trusses may be not fully function correctly as
the equipment has not been maintenance for a long time. Due to this coefficient, it can
affect the readings as the experiment are fully based on the software. Lastly,
environmental factor in the lab also can affect the results. This is because the device is
very sensitive to vibration and movement.
10. APPENDIX
Scanned by TapScanner

Indeterminate Truss Lab Report

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Indeterminate Truss Lab Report

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

UNIVERSITI

Lab Report : CES511 – STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

CES511 –STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE RUBRIC

TITLE: INDETERMINATE TRUSS

3.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

4.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

1) Apparatus of indeterminate truss

7.0 DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS

Member 1 ( DE ) 61.776 73.953 86.13 102.76 128.6 144.34 163.94

Member 2 ( CD ) 18.711 25.839 32.67 40.095 51.975 60.588 76.032

Member 3 ( CB ) -11.88 -16.335 -21.384 -27.027 -35.046 -39.798 -49.005

Member 4 ( AB ) -29.403 -31.482 -31.482 -31.779 -31.482 -32.076 -43.065

Member 5 ( AD ) 74.844 84.942 89.1 116.13 137.21 151.47 163.94

Member 6 ( BE ) -1.485 10.395 -21.681 -7.128 -53.46 19.899 3.861

Member 7 ( BD ) 6.237 9.801 13.959 27.621 37.125 43.065 40.392

Table 1 : Experimental value for internal members

Member 1 ( DE ) -0.003 -1.61 -17.59 -30.99 -46.63 -59.11 -80.49

Member 2 ( CD ) -2.1 -8.82 -14.21 -22.68 -34.86 -43.68 -58.80

Member 3 ( CB ) 1.485 6.237 10.05 16.037 24.65 30.886 41.58

Member 4 ( AB ) 4.45 7.59 9.69 14.156 24.35 30.586 41.28

Member 5 ( AD ) -2.1 -6.9 -14.86 -25.34 -35.29 -44.11 -59.23

Member 6 ( BE ) -4.2 -15.72 -29.07 -48.02 -70.15 -87.79 -118.03

Member 7 ( BD ) 0.005 1.357 -0.46 -1.883 -0.3 -0.304 -0.3

Member 8 (AE) 0.005 1.357 -0.412 -1.882 -0.299 -0.302 -0.3

Table 2 : Theoretical value for internal members

Degree of static indeterminacy, DOI:

External = total reaction at support – number of static equilibrium equations

Internal = DOI – External

Sample Calculations For Theoretical Value of 1.485 N Load:

Calculations of internal forces in members by using method of joints:

Simple Calculations for Redundant, R1:

∆10 = N1N0L f11 = N1N1L N = N0 +

CD 0.71 -2.1 0 1.491 0 -2.1

CB 0.5 1.485 0 0.525 0 1.485

AB 0.5 2.97 -0.707 1.05 0.25 4.45

AD 0.71 0 1 0 0.71 -2.1

BE 0.71 -2.1 1 1.492 0.71 -4.2

BD 0.5 1.485 -0.707 0.525 0.25 0.005

AE 0.5 1.485 -0.707 0.525 0.5 0.005

∑ ∆10 = 5.083 ∑ f11 = 2.42

Calculation for value of redundant, R1

Sample of calculation of percentage error for each member :

Members Experimental Value Theoretical Value Percentage Error (%)

1 2.39 -1.94 223

2 1.41 -1.41 256

3 -0.86 1.0 186

4 -0.44 -1.06 142

5 1.87 -1.33 240

6 0.43 -2.74 116

7 0.128 0.06 -733

Table 4. Percentage error for each members

Potrebbero piacerti anche