BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)

Date : 23 july 2010

Time : 8.15
Sample details : Drain front lab
Source : Drain front lab
pH ⁰C
7.017 26.9
Pretreatment
Sample volume : 50ml

Comments :
No alkali and acid was added because pH value of water sample is neutral.

Sample type Sample ID Volume sample Dilution factor, P BOD (mg/L)

(mL) (mL/mL)
No.
Day
BOD 1 1 0 1 43
(Neutral water) 0 2 42
3 42
4 42
5 43
BOD 2 2 1 109
3.5 3.5 2 109
300 3 112
4 116
5 116
BOD 3 3 1 83
4.5 4.5 2 83
300 3 87
4 90
5 90
Average BOD
43+ 42+ 42+ 42+ 43
BOD 1 = =42.4
5
109+ 109+112+116+116
BOD 2 = =112.4
5
83+87+ 83+90+90
BOD 3 = =86.6
5
Graph BOD (neutral water)

BOD
43.2
43 43 43
42.8
42.6
42.4 BOD

42.2
42 42 42 42
41.8
41.6
41.4
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5

Graph BOD (3.5ml raw water)

BOD
118

116 116 116

114

112 112 BOD

110
109 109
108

106

104
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Graph BOD (4.5ml raw water)

BOD
92

90 90 90

88
87
86 BOD

84
83 83
82

80

78
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
DATA ANALYSIS
7.1) Caluculate for the average BOD.

Remarks:

43+ 42+ 42+ 42+ 43 Neutral water

BOD 1 = =42.4
5
BOD 2 = Volume sample 3.5ml
109+ 109+112+116 +116
=112.4
5
83+87+ 83+90+90 Volume sample 4.6ml
BOD 3 = =86.6
5

7.4 The sample does not show a toxic effect. It is because the index of the water quality show
the water is in good condition. The sample that we get have the pH value of 7.1 so the result is does
not exist toxic in the sample. To indicate the sample has a toxic is the value of BOD must more than
200mg/L. But our result is less than 200mg/L, this proved the sample does not exist toxic in water
sample.

7.5 We can rely to the BOD result that get from the internet

BOD Level
Water Quality
(in ppm)

Very Good
1-2 There will not be much organic waste
present in the water supply.

3-5 Fair: Moderately Clean

Poor: Somewhat Polluted

6-9 Usually indicates organic matter is present
and bacteria are decomposing this waste.

Very Poor: Very Polluted

100 or greater
Contains organic waste.

7.6 Our sample could discharge to river untreated because quality of the water sample is good
enough. It is because the oxygen can absorb the smell of the river and can be treated. Although the
test of BOD can be reduce by planting water treatment so that oxygen can release thought the plant.
Discussion
Q1 )

a) Calculate the min/ max volume of sample to be added to prepare estimated BOD.
Answer
 For this experiment of BOD no need to calculate max/min of sample of BOD must be
added because we dont take reading for initial DO and final DO and DO depletion. So
thats not enough data to calculate min/max sample.

b) Why must samples containing cautic alkilinity or acidity be adjusted before preparing BOD
dilution.

Answer

 Because the sample must be in neutral pH value that is 6.0 to 7.5

c) The complete composite sample arrive in the lab at 23 july 2010 at 8.30am. What is the latest
day and time sample can be started for BOD.

Answer

 Sample can started for BOD in 1st – 5th day at 8.30 am. Means for 1st day 24july at
8.30am can take 1st BOD reading. But BOD sensor can keep data for 5 days. At 5th
day 28 july at 8.30 we can take the 5 day BOD reading from BOD sensor.

d) Describe the function of BOD bottle’s cap and seal water.

Answer

 Function of BOD cap Then the function of seal water is to give nutrients and oxygen
to Microbes as food to its demand then additional function to block and prevent
surrounding air in freeze from go inside the dark bottle and connect BOD sensor joint
with dark bottle then allowed BOD sensor to take reading from BOD bottle cap hole.

Q2 )

a) Why must samples containing residual be dechlorinated before preparation of BOD

dilutions?

Answer

a. Because chlorine can kill the microbs live and bacteria in samples.

b) What reagent are required to chemically dechlorinate a BOD sample?

 c) What must be done to samples shich have been dechlorited or adjusted fpr pH
variations?

Answer

a. The sample must be diluted with water means sample must be added and topup
to water until the water and sample volume 300ml.

Q3 )
 State the formula to calculate
 Answer
 Seed correction

 BOD5 (seeded)
( D1−D2 ) −( B 1−B 2 ) f
 BOD5, mg/L =
P
 Where
 D1 = DO of diluted sample immediately after preparation mg/L,
 D2 = DO od diluted sample after 5d incubation at 20 oC,mg/L
 P= decimal volumetric fraction of sample used,
 B1=DO seed control before incubation mg/L and
 B2 = DO seed control after incubation mg/L
 f = ratio of seed in diluted sample to seed in seed control= (%seed in diluted
sample)/% seed in seed control.
 Calculate the seed correction and BOD5 (seeded) for the data given below

BOD5 of seed material 95mg/L

Dilution #1 mL of seed material 2 mL
mL of sample 100 mL
Start D.O 7.8 mg/L
Final D.O 2.9 mg/L

( 7.8−2.9 ) −( 95 ) f
 BOD5, mg/L = 100
102

Q4)

a)30mL of wastewater are placed in a 300mL BOD bottle. The sample is diluted to fill the
bottle. The DO concentrations at the beginnging and the end 5-day incubation period are 7.3mg/L
and 1.8mg/L respectively. What is the BOD?
 Answer

DOi −DOf
BOD=
P

7.3−1.8
BOD=
30
300

7.3−1.8
BOD=
30
300

BOD=55 mg/ L

b) The BOD 5 of a wastewater was deterrmined to be 250mg/L. If the reaction coefficent was
0.23 l/d calculate:

Answer :

 Ultimate BOD
L0 =ultimate BOD
BODwastewater=L0 ( 1-e-kt)
250
Lo= =365 mg/ L
1−e−0.23 ×5

 BOD 3
BOD3= L0 ( 1-e-kt)
BOD3= 365 ( 1-e-0.23(3))
= 181.9mg/L

 BOD remaining at 3days

=BOD at 8 days
=BOD8
BOD8= L0 ( 1-e-kt)
BOD8= 365( 1-e-0.23(8))
BOD8= 307mg/L

Q5)

a) What is seeding process in BOD measurement ?

b) Explain prepation of seed material.
c) What materials can be used to seed a BOD sample.

Answer
  From the questions in Q5 our procedure not use seeding method to prepare BOD
sample.

Q6) What significance of dissolved oxygen?

Answer

 Quantity of oxygen dissolved in a given amount of water at a specific temperature and

atmospheric pressure. DO is an important indicator of a water body’s ability to support
auatic life and microrganisms.

Q7)

a) with regard precision, ten percent duplicate or replicate samples should be run. This would
result in one duplicate or one replicate sample being run every ten samples. Differentiate
relicate and duplicate sample.

b) When are DO levels at their highest and their lowest and why?
 DO levels are highest if the sample of water is not polluted means there is no toxic and
bacterial effect so in sample of water there is alot of oxygen demanding wastes is well
within self purification capacity. Then DO levels were highest if BOD is low which is water
sample not have microbs live. Then DO levels low if sample water not have enough
oxygen to dissolve in water that need to all leaving things. So BOD level is high.

CONCLUSION

From the sample of water at UTHM drain we found the BOD for water sample at 3.5ml in
5 day is 116 mg/L than 4.5ml in 5 days is 90mg/L. Lower raw water sample will give high
reading of BOD. Ftom analysis it show that no toxicity characteristic in sample of raw
water at UTHM drain.