1st Year Physics

Selective Important Question of HSSC Part-I

Department Of Physics

Chapter #1 Measurements
Short Questions
 Exercise complete (9)
 Additional Questions (4)

i) What are interdisciplinary areas of physics?

ii) Difference between Radian and Steradian.

iii) Difference between Precision and Accuracy.

iv) Define Dimension of physical quantities. Give example also.

Problems
 Exercise Problems (4)

1) A light year is the distance light travels in one year. How many meters are there in one light year?
(c=3x108 m/s)

2) (a) How many seconds are there in one year?

(b) How many years in one second?

© How many nano seconds in 1 year?

3) What are dimensions and units of gravitational constant G in formula F=Gm 1m2/r2.

4) Show that famous Einstein equation E=mc 2 is dimensionally consistent.

 Important Examples (1.6) (1)

Long Questions
 How can you assess the total uncertainty in the final result?
 What are the sources of errors in measurement of physical quantity? What are the types of
error? How can we reduce the error any measurement.

Chapter#2 Vectors And Equilibrium

Short Questions
 Exercise complete (21)
 Additional Questions

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i) What is the value of torque if the body is at rest or rotating with uniform angular velocity?

ii) In which direction torques is taken as positive and negative?

iii) Difference between translational and rotational equilibrium.

Problems
 Exercise Problems (4)

1) What is the unit vector in direction of vector A=4I+3j?

2) Find the angle between two vectors, A= 5i+j and B=2i+4j.

3) Find the work done when the pointer of application of the force 3i+2j moves in a straight line from
the point (2,-1) to point (6,4)

4) The magnitude of dot and cross products of two vectors are 6 √ 3 and 6 respectively. Find the angle
between the vectors.

 Important Examples ( 2.4)

Long Questions
 Define scalar product. Write down characteristics of scalar product.
 Define vector product. Write down characteristics of vector product.
 Describe method of addition of vectors by rectangular components.

Chapter#3 Motion And Force

Short Questions
 Exercise complete (13)
 Additional Questions

i) A car accelerates along a road. Which force actually moves the car?

ii) Show that N s is equivalent to kg ms-1.

iii) How force and momentum are related to each other?

iv) What do you know about aerodynamic forces? Write their effect also

Problems
 Exercise Problems (5)

1) An electron (m=9.1x10-31kg) travelling at 2x107 m/s undergoes a head on collision with a hydrogen
atom (m=1.6x10-27kg) which is initially at rest. Assuming the collision to be perfectly elastic and motion
to be along straight line, find velocity of hydrogen atom.

2) A truck weighting 2500 kg and moving with the velocity of 21 m/s collide with stationary car
weighting 1000 kg. The truck and the car move together after the impact. Calculate their common
velocity.

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3) A football is thrown upward with an angle of 30 0w.r.t horizontal. To throw a 40 m pass what must be
initial speed of ball?

4) A ball is thrown horizontally from the height of 10 m with a velocity of 21m/s. How far off it hit the
ground and with what velocity?

5) Find the angle OF Projectile for which its maximum height and horizontal range are equal.

 Important Example (3.2)

Long Questions
 Show that the relative speed of approach is equal to relative speed of separation for elastic
collision in one dimension.
 What is an isolated system? State and explain law of conservation of linear momentum.
 What is projectile motion? Derive expression for Maximum height and range of projectile.

Chapter#4 Work And Energy

Short Question
 Exercise complete (10)
 Additional Questions

i) How much work is being done by upward force when a person holding the pail moving forward?

ii) Define commercial unit of energy. Or prove that 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ

iii) Show that P= F.v.

iv) What is Salter’s duck?

Problems
 Exercise Problems (3)

1) A man pushes a lawn mower with a 40 N force directed at an angle of 20 0 downward from the
horizontal. Find work done by the man as he cuts a strip of grass 20 m long.

2) A car of mass 800 kg traveling at 54 km/h is brought to rest in 60 meters. Find the average retarding
force on the car. What has happened to original kinetic energy?

3) How large a force is required to accelerate an electron (m=9.1x10 -31 kg) from a rest to speed of 2x107
m/s through a distance of 5 cm.

 Important Example (4.2)

Long Questions
 Define absolute potential energy. Derive relation for absolute P.E of a body of mass m at a
diameter r from the center of earth.
 Discuss interconversion of P.E and K.E.
 What is gravitational field? Show that

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i) Work done in gravitational field is independent of path.

ii) Work done along closed path is zero.

Chapter#5 Circular Motion

Short Question
 Exercise complete (13)
 Additional Questions

i) Show that v=rω

ii) Find rotational K.E and speed of disc and hoop.

iii) What is geostationary satellite?

iv) How much satellite needed to cover the whole earth?

v) Difference between Newton’s and Einstein’s theory about gravitation?

vi) Show that kgm2/sec =Js

Problems
 Exercise Problems (3)

1) A gramophone record turntable accelrates from the rest to angular velocity of 45 rev/min in 1.60 sec.
What is average angular acceleration?

2) A 1000 kg car traveling with a speed of 144 km/h round a curve of radius 100 m. Find the necessary
centripetal force?

3) The earth rotates on its axis once a day. Suppose, by some process the Earth contracts so that its
radius is only half as large as at present. How fast will it be it rotating then?

Long Question
 Define and explain centripetal force and derive relation for it?
 Define and explain moment of inertia?
 What are real and apparent weight . Find apparent weight in different cases for an object
suspended by the string and spring balance in elevator?

Chapter#6 Fluid Dynamics

Short Questions
 Exercise complete (12)
 Additional Questions

i) What is drag force?

ii) State Stoke’s law. What is its limitation?

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iii) Difference between Laminar flow and turbulent flow?

Problems
 Exercise Problems (3)

1) Water flows through a hose, whose internal diameter is 1 cm at a speed of 1m/s. What should be the
diameter of the nozzle if the water is to emerge at 21 m/s.

2) How large must a heating duct be if air moving 3m/s along it can replenish the air in the room of 300
m3 volume every 14 min? Assume the air’s density remains constant.

3) What gauge pressure is required in the city mains for a stream from a fire hose connected to the
mains to reach a vertical height of 15 m?

Long Questions
 State and explain Bernoulli’s Equation.
 State and explain Torricelli’s theorem.
 What is venture relation? Explain.

Chapter#7 Oscillations
Short Questions
 Exercise complete (13)
 Additional Questions

i) What is second pendulum?

ii) Difference between free and forced oscillation?

iii) What is effect of damping on sharpness of resonance?

Problems
 Exercise problems (3)

1) A load of 15 g elongates a spring by 2cm. If the body of mass 249 g is attached to spring and is set into
vibration with amplitude of 10 cm, what will be its (i) period (ii) spring constant (iii) maximum speed of
its vibration?

2) A simple pendulum is 50 cm long. What will be its frequency of vibration at a place where g=9.8 m/s 2.

3) Find the amplitude frequency and period of an object vibration at the end of spring, if the equation
π
for its position, as a function of time, is x=0.25cos ( 8 ) t. What is the displacement of object after 2 s?
¿
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 Important Example (7.2)

Long Question
1) Prove that energy is conserved in SHM?

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2) Discuss motion of horizontal mass spring system and find the values of acceleration, angular velocity,
time period, instantaneous displacement and instantaneous velocity.

Chapter#8 Waves
Short questions
 Exercise complete (11)
 Additional Questions

i) What are the properties of stationary waves?

ii) Define nodes and antinodes.

Problems
 Exercise problems (2)

1) A stationary wave is established in a string which is 120 cm long and fixed at both ends. The string
vibrates in four segments; at a frequency of 120 Hz. Determine its wavelength and fundamental
frequency?

2)A church organ consist of pipes, each open at one end of different lengths. The minimum length is 30
mm and longest is 4m. Calculate the frequency range of fundamental notes.

Long Question
 What is Doppler Effect? Discuss its different cases?
 Find the frequencies produced in organ pipe when it is (i) Open at both ends (ii) Closed at one
end
 How the variation of pressure, density and temperature effect the speed of sound in gas.
 On what factors speed of sound depends? What was Newton’s formula and Laplace correction.

Chapter#9 Physical Optics

Short Questions
 Exercise complete (11)
 Additional Questions

i) On what factors path difference depends upon?

ii) What is Grating element?

iii) Difference between polarized and unpolarized light.

iv) What is optical rotation.

v) Difference between monochromatic and coherent sources.

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Problems
 Exercise Problems (3)

1) A second order spectrum is formed at an angle of 38 0when light falls normally on diffraction grating
having 5400 lines per centimeter. Determine wavelength of light used?

2) Sodium light ( ʎ =589 nm ) is incident normally on grating having 3000 lines per cm. What is the
highest order of spectrum obtained with this grating?

3 )X-rays of ʎ =0.150 nm are observed to undergo a first order reflection at a Bragg angle of 13.3 0 from
quartz crystal. What is interplanar spacing of reflecting planes in the crystal?

 Important Example (9.2)

Long Question
 Describe Young’s double slit experiment for demonstration of interference of light. Derive
expression for fringe spacing.
 What is meant by diffraction of light? Also discuss diffraction of light through narrow slit.

Chapter#10 Optical Instruments

Short Questions
 Exercise complete (11)
 Additional Questions

i) Draw the flow diagram of signal transmission and conversation to sound.

Ii) Write down uses of Spectrometer?

iii) What is visual angle?

Problems
 Exercise Problems (3)

1) A telescope is made of an objective of focal length 20 cm and an eye piece of 5 cm both convex
lenses. Find angular magnification.

2) An astronomical telescope having magnifying power of 5 consist of two thin lenses 24 cm apart. Find
focal length is of lenses.

3) A glass light pipe in air will totally internally reflect a light ray if its angle of incidence is at least 39 0.
What is the minimum angle for total internal reflection if pipe is in water? (refractive index of water
=1.33)

Long Questions
 What is compound microscope? Describe its construction and working also calculate its
magnifying power.
 What is astronomical telescope? Find its magnifying power.

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Chapter#11 Heat & Thermodynamics

Short Questions
 Exercise complete (13)
 Additional Questions

i) State postulates of Kinetic theory of gases.

ii) Difference between reversible and irreversible process.

iii) What is heat death of universe?

Problems
 Exercise problems (4)

1) A thermodynamic system undergoes a process in which its internal energy decreases by 300J. If at the
same time 120J of work is done on the system, find heat lost by the system.

2) A mechanical engineer develops an engine working between 327 0 C to 270 C claims to have efficiency
of 52%. Does he claim correctly? Explain.

3) A heat engine performs 100 J of work and at the same time rejects 400 J of heat energy to the cold
reservoirs. What is efficiency of engine?

4) 336 J of heat energy is required to melt 1 g of ice at 0 0 C. What is the change in entropy of 30 g of
water at 00 C as it changed to ice at 00 C by a refrigerator?

Long Questions
 What is Carnot’s Engine? Explain its working and calculate its efficiency. Also state Carnot’s
theorem.
 Prove that Cp-Cv=R.
 Explain 1st law of thermodynamics.
 Explain working of Petrol engine and diesel engine.

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