A Proposed Redevelopment Of: University of San Carlos - Technological Center

UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS -
TECHNOLOGICAL CENTER
_____________________________________________
A PROPOSED REDEVELOPMENT OF
CARBON MARKET COMPLEX
RESEARCH PAPER
____________________________________________
DESIGN 07
TTH 1:30 PM – 6:30 PM
ARCHT. ELEAZAR LARA
____________________________________________
SUBMITTED BY:
LELINA, LEANDRE CAESAR B.
MANILA, ANDREANA EUNICE B.
PARADO, FRANCIS PIO T.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
I.A. Rationale of the Study
I.B. Statement of the Problem
I.B.1. Main problem
I.B.2. Sub-problems
I.C. Significance of the Study
I.D. Scope and Limitations of the Study
I.E. Theoretical Framework or Conceptual Framework
I.F. Definition of Terms
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

II.A. Introduction
II.B. The F. Ramos Alternative Redevelopment Plan
II.C. A proposed Public Market & Bus Terminal
II.D. Architecture As a Connection: Public Market &
Restaurant
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

III.A. Introduction
III.B. Research Design/Framework
III.C. Research Procedures
III.D. Research Environment
III.E. Research Respondents
III.F. Research Instruments
III.G. Gathering of Research Data
III.H. Treatment of Data
III.I. Summary Of Methodology
CHAPTER IV: DATA PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS

IV.A. NBC Data
IV.B. Landscape in Public Market
IV.C. Standards, Types, & Building Techniques
IV.D. Site Analysis, Spatial Relationships
IV.E Utilities
CHAPTER V: REFERENCES
A PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT IN CARBON MARKET COMPLEX DESIGN 07
INTRODUCTION
ABSTRACT:
“A Public Market is a year-round, carefully crafted, intentional and diverse medley of owner-
operated shops, stalls and/or “day tables”.
Public Markets exist to fulfill a public purpose, showcase a community’s unique character and
culture while serving its everyday shopping needs.
They typically focus on the sale of a full array of fresh, healthful, value added, and prepared
foods – often locally grown or produced. They are sometimes rounded out by crafts and/or a
variety of needed neighborhood businesses. They usually include a seasonal, outdoor farmers
market component.”
Public Markets in short consist of 3 main ideas:
• Allow functions that accommodate users even when it is jampacked.

• Display a unique sense of culture in a Market
• Allow a proper arrangement of goods in the market
So, development of the Carbon market means improving the current situation or current sense
of place in the market using the 3 main ideas provided in the blog as to how a Public Market
should be.
In improving the carbon market, different site conditions, & parameters should be analyzed and
solved in order to provide a Good design. These processes are usually:
• Building Code Parameters (Type of Occupancy, Type of Lots, Parking, & more)
• Public Market Design Standards
• Site development Improvements (Traffic flow, Landscaping, & Site Analysis)
• Design Concept (Form Derivation, Façade Planning, & Culture Integration)
• Function (Spaces needed, Space Planning, & Interior Designing)
• Stall Design Improvements (Lighting, Table, & Dimensions)
• Utility Improvements (Sewage Disposal, Plumbing, Electrical Lighting & Wiring, &
Allocation of Space for Wiring)
So, the integration of how a public market should be, and different design solutions would
create an optimal Carbon Public Market that fits the vicinity and would improve the its sense of
place.
January 31, 2019 1

PARADO•MANILA•LELINA DESIGN 07
A PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON MARKET COMPLEX DESIGN 07
I.A. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

The Carbon Market is an integral part of the community wherein numerous Cebu city residents venture
to for cheap goods and other valuables for everyday life. Therefore, Carbon Market is occupied in almost
any time of the day & is crowded especially on holidays.
Carbon Market is the prime spot for delivering fresh goods from produce companies and is where
commercial businesses purchase goods from for their cooking essentials. Restaurants, Canteen Stalls,
Food trucks, & Food stands buy almost every time from the carbon market in order to maximize profit.
For Plenty of Years, A common Norm in the practices of public markets in Cebu is that, the wet section
of the markets is supposed to be wet, literally, and disposal of melted ice which smell like fresh fish are
meant to be disposed of in any area of the wet market, and garbage accesses can have the same access
from delivery accesses, therefore creating a sense of disorganization in the process. Although the cheap
goods make up for this, but proper maintenance, and organization will allow bigger income and wages in
the process and safer practices. Therefore, a proper redevelopment of the Carbon Public market in the
long-run creates a win-win situation not only for the different vendor sectors in Carbon, but create a
better trading sector for local vendors in Cebu.
Although the site has a sense of organization in the arrangement of goods, such as the arrangement of
Unit 1, 2, & 3, there are still numerous lacking organized aspects of the site, such as the improper
arrangement of traffic flow, where delivery access of produce is the same access for garbage disposal
because these trucks only access the most nearest parking spot to their designated vendor, So proper
arrangement of the delivery bays & delivery access ways should be properly given in order for it to have
an organized where no amount of time is wasted on traffic from delivery men, and customers, creating
an efficient time saver for both parties. Traffic flow improvement will greatly benefit all types of users in
the site.
The last aspect that would benefit all types of users in the site is the material usage. The common
material used is steel for wet markets for their stands, but usage of this causes smell to stick more on
the area causing for stronger essence in the stand, especially in wet ones. So different usage of materials
for the stand, for the sidewalks, for the delivery access, and for wet stalls would be proper, and would
create a public market that would be organized with more clarity. Fresh fruits and vegetables would be
placed in a cool area for lesser decay in fruits with usage of wood to emphasize the fruits color, Concrete
stands for wet stalls, & many more different solutions can be researched to improve the state of Carbon
Market which can benefit all types of users in the process.
Therefore, the redevelopment of Carbon Market aims to improve the existing condition, from the
smallest aspect, such as the arrangement of stalls, improvement of traffic flow, & the material usage of
different aspects in the stall, would not only create a better function, but also create a better aesthetic
purpose. Through the integration of the 3 main ideas as to how a Public Market should be, and improve
those ideas through the integration of the different data gathered, and overall improve the current state
of Carbon Market & Redevelop it.
January 31, 2019 2

I.B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The point and purpose of our study is to reconfigure the Existing Carbon Market in a way that develops
its existing conditions and establish a space that creates an ideal condition for the flow, usage, and
utilities in the existing marketing, i.e., Sewage disposal, Traffic flow of supply & Garbage disposal. But
mainly, it aims to organize the processes of practice in the Public market through Architectural
Determinism, and with this, improving all other functions and design aspects in the process.
I.B.1. MAIN PROBLEM

-What is the effect of reorganizing the different design aspects of Carbon Public Market?
The main reason why we reorganized plenty of the design aspects of Carbon Public Market is because it
is the most apparent problem. Organization of Traffic flow, Utilities, & Material Usage, while still
allowing plenty of vendor space allows for a more efficient function in all concerned users wherein these
users greatly benefit from them. This problem is also branched out into numerous sub-problems.
I.B.2. SUB-PROBLEMS
-Which design factor is the most urgent in redevelopment, & why is that the most urgent?
-Will the redevelopment still allow for maximum usage of space while still allowing a vast amount of
space for accessibility?
- What possible benefits will any kind of user gain?
The most urgent design factors that we should redevelop is the interior traffic, and the access and exits
of goods. This design factor will create a better type of efficiency as to how things are being organized
within the processes. This design factor is the one with the least amount of renovation. Allowing time
for business while doing construction is a necessity in order for these vendors to still be able to sell
goods.
In the process of redevelopment, vast amount of spaces shall be added for the vendors with no permits,
such as the vendors that solely sell outside the lot of the carbon wet market. So, access is still possible
by doing a proper renovation. And in the process of this renovations, legitimate stall owners are given
different compensations for their business, such as a relocation for a new stall, while their stall is being
under construction.
Each type of user, such as, employees, customers, and delivery men, benefit greatly from these
redevelopment issues. These people will be able to do their jobs with more efficiency and comfort
through the redevelopment of these different issues. These issues are tackled through different ideas
that are being gathered from every possible resource. Data gathering as to how are different aspects
that are discussed further within the research.
January 31, 2019 3

I.C. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Multiple types of users benefit from this study, which is about the Redevelopment of Carbon Public
Market.
The first main users that greatly benefit from this, are the vendors. There are multiple types of vendors
located in the area. There are vendors that have their residence just located within the market, street
vendors with no permit to rent a stall, and vendors who rent a stall and have a residence located outside
the lot. These types of users benefit greatly if their market stalls are renovated and redeveloped,
because these vendors will earn more from their usual earnings.
The second type of users is customers. Customers come in different varieties, but all with one purpose,
and that is to purchase goods. Customers would benefit from this because they may be able to
experience the public market in a better way with clear aisles, and with better services due to cleaner
venues. An increase in the number of customers would also arrive due to the maintenance provided in
the market.
The last type of users are the delivery men. These people would be able to deliver and do their job with
efficiency and ease due to the renovation. There would be no traffic caused by these delivery men since
their accessway is separated from the usual customers.
All in all, Users from different types of category benefit greatly from this redevelopment. And the better
the design solutions used in this plate, the bigger and greater the benefit is for these different types of
users
I.D. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
Bearing:
January 31, 2019 4

I.E. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Our theoretical framework is based on the 3 methods for a development in the carbon market which
turns it into profit for both the vendors, the government, and the users. The 3 methods, integrated with
the 3 main definitions of a public market, and the integration of the different processes, will create a
profitable design.
There are also numerous theories that may provide solutions to social behavior problems in our design,
& these theories are:
The Gruen Effect: The Psychology of Shopping- surround the shopper with a layout reminiscent of a
maze, whose aim is to make them forget their original intention and encourage them to buy more items
than they need.
Gestalt Principles of similarity – The theory of principle by gestalt states that in design, beauty may be
displayed when multiple items of similarity are together. This will entice people to purchase something
in abundance
Visceral Reactions- This theory deals in the idea of creating first-second reactions. When dealing with
this idea of theory, in the function of design, we need to be able to entice users even in the first space to
show them that going around the Public Market is a worthwhile experience.
Hick’s Law of choice- The law states that the more options users are exposed to, the longer it takes
them to make a decision. This means that the more options you give to users, be it products to choose
or pictures to look at, the more time and energy it takes to make a decision about the next step of
interaction. The possible result here is that the users make the choices but get unpleasant feelings after
using the product, or in the worst case, they may not want to take such a significant effort and just
leave.
Psychology of Colors- A science studying the influence of colors on the human’s mind, behavior, and
reactions is called the psychology of colors. We won’t go deep into the aspects of this study since it is
complex
January 31, 2019 5

I.F. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Development: The process of growing or changing and becoming more advanced
Public Market: is a year-round, carefully crafted, intentional and diverse medley of owner-operated
shops, stalls and/or “daytables”.
Architectural Determinism: is a theory employed in urbanism, sociology and environmental psychology

which claims the built environment is the chief or even sole determinant of social behaviour.
Public transport: a mode of transportation like jeepneys, tricycles, vans, etc.
Road congestion: the accumulation of many vehicles in one section of the road
Stabilize: making the certain place in a state of control while observing it
Complaints: a state of being insecure about something while creating judgement
Technology-based: materials embedded with attributes that are connected with machinery control
Mobility: being able to conduct movement on a cycle without being interrupted
Systematic: organization of proper ways in order to acquire an accordingly implementation
Vibrant: a sense of being astounded by the intangible feeling that is given off by something
Urban destination: a place where vehicle congestion is more competent: more traffic
Consumerism: a concept which inhibits a thing to enable itself to produce something that can benefit
Smoke Belching: is usually the bad smoke coming from cars.
Optimum: most conducive to a favorable outcome
Theory: a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on
general principles independent of the thing to be explained.
Social Science: the scientific study of human society and social relationships.
Sewage Disposal: is the process in which sewage is transported through cities and inhabited areas to
sewage treatment plants, where it is then treated to remove contaminants to produce environmentally-
safe waste.
Entice: attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage.
January 31, 2019 6

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

II.A. Introduction
The review of related Literature is a study on different research material that consists data on
the study at hand. The development of Carbon Market Complex is related to the different
research material that we have gathered from different sources.
These different research materials that we have gathered are:
• A PROPOSED OPTIMUM REDEVELOPMENT IN F. RAMOS CEBU CITY

• A PROPOSED PUBLIC MARKET AND TERMINAL IN CARCAR CEBU CITY
• A THESIS IN ARCHITECTURE: ARCHITECTURE AS A CONNECTION, A
RESTAURANT AND PUBLIC MARKET
Research Material in these different thesis topics will prove useful in the creation of a well-
developed public market that embodies the 3 main ideas of a Public market with different integrated
solutions from these different topics.
The proposed optimum redevelopment in F. Ramos Cebu city consists of data on the
development of the Public Market itself and will prove useful in developing the function of the public
market itself. Since redeveloping will mostly consist in the function of the traffic flow inside and outside
the public market, & since Carbon is located in an area with an abundance of public & private vehicles,
Terminals should be taken into consideration in the development of these structures.
The proposed Public Market & Terminal in Carcar, Cebu City is a thesis on the combination of
the Public Market & a Terminal for Public Vehicle Transportation such as buses & jeepneys. Gathering
research Material on these researches and integrate it into our design would prove beneficial and
optimal in the design process. Another Research Material that would prove beneficial is a thesis by
Christopher Carlton Creel.
The thesis by Christopher Carlton Creel on the connection of a restaurant and a public market
will serve for more Income and more jobs for People. Restaurants in the Carbon Market is common and
in a “sari-sari” type of style. Those Restaurants offer food at a cheap price due to the cheap price of
goods offered in the Carbon Market. So, integration of restaurants in The Carbon Market Complex
would allow more income for the vendors concerned in the area, and would allow for a better
experience for the customers.
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PARADO•MANILA•LELINA
II.B. A PROPOSED OPTIMUM REDEVELOPMENT IN F. RAMOS PUBLIC MARKET

CEBU CITY
The F. Ramos Public Market had a
good function in the designing of its
spaces. The Optimum
redevelopment in F. Ramos City
Thesis stated that it has no proper
sewage disposal also. The F. Ramos
Public Market although has proper
functions, only minimum amount of
people attends to its stalls. There
may be numerous reasons, but one
of the many reasons that they have
a minimum number of customers
may be due to the high pollution that surrounds its area
The Dry Goods Stands are displayed

out to the wide road right of way.
This may have the following
advantages:
1. A good display of good enticing

people to purchase
2. Within proximity of the road,
allowing purchasers to buy without
going out the car
3. & will allow vendors to have
cooler surroundings due to its Open-
Air Design.
The Dry goods stands may also have the following disadvantages:
1. The Smoke belching caused by vehicles may affect the freshness of the fruits & may affect
the vendors health
2. Will cause vehicles to block the road if they were to purchase goods]
3. The Open access may entice thieves to steal due to the display of low security
All in all, The F. Ramos Optimum Redevelopment displayed that, in a redevelopment of a Public Market,
proper space planning regarding the surroundings should be taken into consideration for the proper
design solutions.
January 31, 2019 8

II.B. A PROPOSED PUBLIC MARKET AND TERMINAL IN CARCAR CEBU CITY

The existing Public Market & its conditions
The existing Public Market in Carcar Cebu City has been in existence for many years, and due to the
growing development of Cebu City, numerous problems have been rising and the existence of the Public
Market in Carcar has not been able to keep up with the times.
In order to develop the public market in Carcar Cebu city, different issues have been identified in order
to actually develop it. These issues were:
• The Traffic congestion around the area which is caused by different types of public vehicles
surrounding the area
• The surrounding heritage structures that need to be examined, and how can they be respected
as heritage structures
• The existing site condition in the Market & how they can be improved.
January 31, 2019 9

The Theoretical & Conceptual Framework
Their theoretical Framework (Green Boxed Diagram) & their Conceptual Framework (Orange Boxed
Diagram) display how their aims for the Public Market are realized. The Terminal would also be a
solution for some of the site discrepancies and would prove beneficial in the current situation to Carcar.
In the design process of the development of the Public Market in Carcar, they realized that in order to
better control the function of the site, wherein the flow of Jeepneys, Tricycles, Taxi’s, & Private Vehicles
are present, A Terminal would be present. The terminal would prove as a great determiner for the traffic
flow inside & outside the Site. & with this kind of flow, we would be able to create a better and efficient
function. With this function, room for aesthetics, and design would be allowed in order to enhance the
cultural presence of Carcar, Cebu city.
With a mix of their Data collected, their design Principles, and the different architectural solutions they
were able to solve, A proposal of the Public Market redevelopment, and creation of a Bus terminal was
formed. This way, they are able to create a design that coincided with their data, their principle, and the
different cultural solutions they had proposed.
All in all, their theoretical & Conceptual framework provided a stable foundation for their design
solution and was able to prove a sound Conclusion along the way. And in the process was able to
promote the Cultural Heritages in the Site, and create a functional process in the Public Market
January 31, 2019 10

Building Techniques & Technologies for the Carcar Public Market
Public markets in the Philippines

have been usually seen as a
disorganized place to be in. Stalls
from dry to wet goods are located
in areas that not only lack in
proper light and ventilation but
also, in sanitation. Proper usage of
Sustainable Tropical building
techniques will help in the
planning of the proposed public
market with terminal
transportation, in the city of
Carcar.
Promoting Sustainable
architecture in the project may be
achieved through Passive Design.
The main principles of passive design for buildings in the tropics are summarized below:
1. Avoid heat gain
• Orient the building to reduce exposure to midday sun, particularly summer sun.
• Use materials with low thermal mass (as a general rule).
• Shade wall and windows, particularly any walls with high thermal mass.
• Use glazing on windows that cannot be effectively shaded.
• Use insulation, light colors and heat reflective surfaces.
2. Encourage natural ventilation
• Orient the building and windows towards prevailing easterly winds

• Include operable windows and ceiling vents that enable the building to naturally ventilate.
3. Make use of natural light
• Install shaded windows.

• Install shaded skylight, light tubes and other natural lighting devices.
4. Create cool outdoor areas
• Use landscaping to provide shade without blocking cooling breezes and use planting to reduce
ground temperature and minimize reflected heat.
January 31, 2019 11

II.D. A THESIS IN ARCHITECTURE: ARCHITECTURE AS A CONNECTION, A

RESTAURANT AND PUBLIC MARKET
Architecture in this Post-Graduate thesis supplies information as to how the

Restaurant can be connected in relation to a Public Market by supplying
Architecture as a bridge on the void.
The different ways that architecture can be a bridge on the void may be:
1. The design of the Public Market & Restaurant maybe connected with
large open spaces in the restaurant having a huge display for the Market.
In Europe, this abundance of design allowed
Restaurants to deliver great profit for the vendors,
and minimal usage of traffic flow.
2. Another interconnection of a restaurant & a Public Market would be the
location of a Restaurant within A public Market. The restaurant would be a
lounging area, and a resting spot for Shoppers, & Vendors Alike
January 31, 2019 12

METHODOLOGY
III.A. INTRODUCTION
In the creation of this Qualitative research, Different elements of methods were used such as:
• Different knowledge claims

• Inquiry strategies
• Data collection materials
• Analysis
• Surveys
Experimental data sources were also used in the creation of this research. The different research
materials used in the derivation of the solution are the following:
• direct observation of behaviors

• from interviews (both written and unwritten),
• from public data/documents
& the following can be used as also sources of data:
• Descriptions of events
• Descriptions of people
• Descriptions of opinions
• Descriptions of values and
• Descriptions of environments
The Methods in this Research contributed greatly towards the goal of the design. The different methods
allowed us to see different perspectives of What a public Market is, how we can make it better, & The
Benefits in making a better Public Market for the City.
The scopes & Limitations of the Research Allowed us a limited but huge amount of possible choices for
research. Due to the scopes & Limitations, It allowed us to follow mostly standard sets of procedures for
the research process, but Researching for solutions allowed us to venture deep into the creative chasms
of our Human Mind.
The Methodology of Research also allowed us to have different types of data which is available for
analysis, & the analysis of this data allowed us to create a hypothesis or a program for our design, where
the function, aesthetic, & sense of place in a Public Market is attained
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III.B. RESEARCH DESIGN/ FRAMEWORK

Showcases the entire thesis process from the start to end. The research process or flow of research may
be presented here in a schematic diagram to show the relationship of each section with each other
III.C. RESEARCH PROCEDURES

Present the research procedures as a logical, chronological sequence, including a discussion for each
procedure on the following:
• What primary and secondary data to collect (data gathering)

• From whom or where to collect the data (research respondents and research environment)
• How to collect the data (research instruments)
• How the data will be treated or analyzed for meaning (treatment of
data).
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III.D. RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

The Carbon Market is located in one of the oldest cities in Cebu & was once the center of trade. The
Carbon Market Complex is located in Barangay Ermita & is home to numerous vendors of all kinds.
These vendors may or may not have a business Permit, but have the right to sell. The Carbon Market is
near to plenty of landmarks in Cebu, such as the Magellan’s Park. University of San Jose Recolectos, &
also the City hall. But with its many advantages, also comes the current situation of Carbon Market
where plenty of problems currently exist.
Here are also pictures of the current situation in the Carbon Market:
Existing structures around carbon market
15
Parking Area
Market Unit 1
Market Unit 2
16
Market Unit 3
17
Freedom Park
It is important to know the problems within the site to be able to look at the problem in a new
perspective and be able to give a well thought out solution that would be very effective and beneficial to
the redevelopment of the Carbon Market Complex. Our Goal was to scout every problem in the area to
be able to know what actions we need to take in order to make the Market more efficient.
• Waste Management- each stall and vendors have their own waste and trash to contribute to
the Carbon Market, the first thing you’ll notice once you’re at the Marketplace is how untidy it is
and you’ll see trash and organic waste everywhere. The system they use in their waste
18
management is more like a set aside and leave it scenario. It contributes to the lack of sanitation
and discourages other consumers to buy at the Carbon Market causing more vegetable wastes.
Proper Waste Management is important because it contributes to the cleanliness of the area
and will give assurance to the quality of the goods being sold towards the buyer
• Garbage Disposal- one of our main concern when we scouted the area was on how the manage
their garbage disposal and what kind of system do, they follow to keep the marketplace clean
and sanitary, and so we asked a few stall owners and they told us that they just leave their
garbage outside their stall and wait for the garbage collectors to get it later. Creating an
obstruction in the path of the buyers.
• Sewage & Drainage System- the sewage system in Carbon market is not well maintained and
really contributes to the bad smell in the place. The canals are just not well planned and not
even being cleaned. The foul smell that the drainage system gives attracts flies and rodent’s
which also contributes to the unsanitary state that the Carbon Market is in today.
19
• Electricity Layout- the electric wires and cables are not well organized, when we entered unit 3,
the first thing we noticed was the second floor of the building was burned down due to a live
wire, proper installation of the electric wires is important so that the Carbon Market will be safe
and would be able to avoid the problem.
• Lack of Management- the Marketplace was very
chaotic in the sense of it being disorganized and
the vendors being free to throw their waste
anywhere within the area. The place doesn’t have
other functions such as janitor’s and street
sweepers.
• Organization of Space- although we like the idea of each unit having different goods and
products to sell, you would see the stalls and other vendors selling their product in the wrong
20
place because not only does it block the buyer’s path but it all contributes to a small space for
access. Also, some spaces in the market is being utilized as a storage area, which is wrong, being
first it becomes an obstruction to both buyers and vendors and creates a disorganized
environment for both users.
• Accessibility- The plan of the market provides one access for both buyers and delivery, this
creates a big problem when it comes to the flow of the buyers. The Vendors already occupied
the sidewalk area forcing the buyers to walk on the road instead of the sidewalk, creating a
problem not only to the pwd but also to the vehicles passing through the road. The people don’t
see the importance of accessibility and how it affects the system and flow of the Market.
Traffic flow- one of the most frustrating part of driving at the carbon market was the traffic, not only
caused by the pedestrian but also by the delivery trucks, Pedi cabs, motorcycles and the absence of
traffic lights.
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III.E. RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

This research study focuses on the people working inside the Public Markets boundaries (drivers, Police
Officers, vendors), and the Customers themselves that are participants in the purchasing of goods from
the Carbon Public Market. Interviews that were formally and informally done have been organized
together to discuss the different needed information in order to develop and create a beautifully
designed Carbon Public Market, The informal interviews were discussed with vendors, and formal
interviews were discussed with different vendor organizations, such as CEMVEDCO. The information
which can be further studied in this research study will be represented by the researchers themselves to
ensure and give the regards to their beneficiary and to the site itself which needed assistance from the
beginning to recuperate its state of being functional in terms of services.
LIST OF RESPONDENTS
●Researchers
●Jeepney Drivers
●Tricycle Drivers
●Vendors
●Parking Guards
●Customers
III.F. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
Given the interpretive spot in the research question, the most considerable part to the appropriate
approach on presenting the results are specifically assigned to the usage of different methods and
techniques in collecting data. The combination of data collection methods in this study anticipates the
productivity of the data collection which contains both the adoption of both qualitative and quantitative
data collection methods which will be able to interpret these data collection methods to a more
coherent picture of the current situation. The instruments that we have chosen to be part of our study
were considered to be the most useful once that can support us towards our goal in solving the terminal
facility’s current issue and on how we apply our systematic method to the issue that is being dealt with.
These instruments also create a new way of varieties in the way of gathering data through the intensive
relationships that they have with one another.
LIST OF INSTRUMENTS
●Calculator
●Camera
●Questions/Interviews
●Experience
●Newspapers
●Journals
●Observations
●Internet
January 31, 2019 22

III.G. GATHERING OF RESEARCH DATA

The main focus in this thesis proposal is on the users' understanding of the current issue in the Public
Market and how they immerse themselves in a place which contains different dimensions of group
interactions which has complicated behaviors. The essential processes in this case study included
investigating, observing, and documenting particular events, happenings, and traditions as the
researcher visits the terminal facility. The processes that influenced these analysis, behaviors, and
practices results to a descriptive data that were all undertaken by the researchers as participants in the
study which are accommodated by all means of data gathering mentioned.
III.H. TREATMENT OF DATA

The form of data collection, analysis, and presentation will be presenting statistical results
represented by numerical or statistical data. The research will present data as descriptive narration with
words and attempts about the understanding of the current issue and combining its towards the natural
setting which the terminal facility inhibits itself. The researchers found a description of their experiences
and an inductive analysis of data as most appropriate for reaching the goal and purpose of dealing this
study. The procedure enhancement resulted some kind of objectivity which may result to interruptions
to the study's experimental strategies, if being pushed to some specific perceptions and context which
are already out of hand in terms of extensive generalizations. Rather than presenting a raw and
complicated information, the researchers focused on the contexts which may adapt to the experimental
stage of the research stage. The solution that will eventually be shown will situate itself to the fact that
the Public Market itself needs the kind of treatment.
III.I. SUMMARY OF METHODOLOGY

The Methodology of this research allowed for standard process that aimed to solve the design problems
in the Development of Carbon Public Market. Its Research Framework allowed for a smooth process to
the solution with a huge integration of solutions from the different advantages that different Public
Markets offered. The research respondents also cooperated with us allowing for an advantageous
amount of knowledge that allowed for a better design solution, The research Materials also provided us
measurements, standards, and was a guidance for the design principles & solutions in the Design.
January 31, 2019 23

IV.A. NBC DATA

Character of Occupancy of Building/ Structure: Building Height Limit For C-2 Building/
Group E-2 Structures: 6 floors above established angr y/
18 meters above highest grade
Zoning Classification: C-2
Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area for C-2 Building Structures:
Interior (or Inside (or Corner Lot Through Lot Corner- Corner Lot
Rear) & End Regular) Lot Through Lot Abutting 3 or
Lot more Streets,
etc. Rivers,
Etc.
12 x 80% 12 x 75% 12 x 80% 12 x 80% 12 x 90% 12 x 90%
Computations:
Minimum Required Off-Street (Off-RROW) cum On-site Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/
Unloading Space Requirements by Allowed Use or Occupancy:
Division E-2 Public Markets: 1 Customer jeepney/ shuttle parking slot for every 150.00 sq. meters of wet
and dry market floor area and one vendor jeepney/ shuttle parking slot or loading space for every
300.00 sq. meters of wet & dry market floor area; and one off-RROW terminal that can accommodate at
least two jeepneys and 6 tricycles for every 1,000.00 sq. meters of wet and dry market floor area.
Computations:
% of TLA:
Classification Zoning Maximum Maximum Maximum TOSL=

of Structure Allowable PSO Allowable ISA Allowable USA ISA+USA
(Impervious (Unpaved
Surface Area) Surface Area)
Commercial Com-2 75% (Without 20 5 25
Firewall)
85% (With 10 5 15
Firewall)
Computations:
January 31, 2019 24

HOUSING AND LAND USE REGULATORY BOARD
IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS TO GOVERN THE PROCESSING OF APPLICATION
FOR LOCATIONAL CLEARANCE OF MARKETS
SECTION 4. DESIGN STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS
A. GENERAL GUIDELINES
I. LOCATION
a. Public markets should be within designated commercial zone/area and is accessible preferably through an
arterial street. Having a service access for trucks are essential for the delivery of goods and other services.
b. It should be located at least 50 meters from schools, religious institutions, public offices, funeral establishments,
and other public gathering/places such as auditorium and public plazas, and should be at least 25 meters away
from abattoirs (slaughterhouse) and other possible sources of contamination.
c. The market should be located at a site within walking distance of 0.75 km to the nearest terminal, serving a
population that ranges from 10,000 to 150,000 people.
d. If located near rivers, streams or lakes, the easement should be in accordance with the Water Code of the
Philippines.
II. TOPOGRAPHY
The land should be level to rolling terrain, or as long as clearing and grading will pose no problem in terms of
undue expense and soil erosion. The site should not be subject to flooding.
III. SOIL BEARING CAPACITY
Soil bearing capacity must be adequate to support building load.
IV. SIZE
The size shall be large enough to accommodate all activities in the center. Lot shape shall be regular and preferable
be separated and within market site.
V. CIRCULATIONS
a. Access, loading and unloading of good, customers and services should preferably be separated and within
markets.
January 31, 2019 25

b. Carrying capacities of roads and pedestrian walk within the site be adequately planned so as not to obstruct
traffic flow along the access road.
VI. PARKING
a. Other building in business/ Commercial Zones: 1 slot/125 sq.m. of gross floor area
b. Markets: 1 slot/150 sq.m of shopping area
• Location of the parking area should be between the stores and the streets such that it would be away
from the pedestrian areas.
• A separate area should be provided specifically for parking and queuing of public transport modes such as
tricycles, buses and jeepneys.
VII. LANDSCAPING AND BUFFERING
The market complex needs sufficient landscaping and buffering. A minimum of five (5) meters for this purpose may
be provided along perimeter of the site.
VIII. USE
The market and all the properties therein shall be used for market purposes only. For wet markets, offices allowed
are for the market master/employees and market cooperatives and cold storage establishment (except for ice
depository) should be located at least 25 meters from the market.
IX. MAINTENANCE
Maintenance of the market shall be the sole responsibility of the owner/operator
X. LOCATION OF STALLS
Stalls shall only be allowed inside the market premises. Construction of stalls and selling along the sidewalk and
outside the market shall be penalized under Section 7: Fines and penalties and other penalties defined under
specific LGU ordinance.
B. UTILITY REQUIREMENT (PER DOH IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF CHAPTER IV
MARKETS AND ABATTOIRS OF THE CODE ON SANITATION OF THE PHILIPPINES – PD 856)
1. WATER SUPPLY
a. There shall be sufficient supply of potable water either from the public main water supply or from an approved
source.
January 31, 2019 26

b. The quality of water used within the market shall be in accordance with the Phil. National Standard for Drinking
Water.
c. Each stall in the carenderia, fish, and meat and entrails sections shall be provided with piped water supply
facilities. Water supply shall be maintained at a pressure of 1.379 kilopascals (Kpa) or 1.479 Bar.
d. There shall be adequate number of water pipe outlets for easy cleaning of the market and its premises. Water-
supply of at least 49 liters/capita/day shall be provided and maintained based on the number of vendors and
average number of customers per day.
e. Drinking fountain or any equivalent water dispensers shall be provided in the market.
f. All other pertinent provisions of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Chapter II – Water Supply of The
Code on Sanitation of the Philippines (PD 856) are hereby adopted and made part of these Rules and Regulations.
2. SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND DRAINAGE
a. Sewage shall be disposed to a public sewage system or in the absence thereof, in a manner complying with
Chapter XVII – Sewage Collection and Disposal Excreta Disposal and Drainage of the Code on Sanitation of the
Sanitation of the Philippines (PD 856) and its Implementing Rules and Regulations.
b. There shall be sufficient facilities in the market and its premises. At least one floor drain shall be provided in
every 46.5 square meters (500 square feet) of floor area. Slope shall not be less than 2.05 centimeters per meter
(1/4 inch per feet) to the drainage inlet.
c. Sewer line from toilet and urinals shall not be connected with drainage line the market.
d. Drainage facilities shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of the National Plumbing Code of the
Philippines.
3. POWER
Power supply shall be connected to any approved public or community power supply system. A stand-by generator
may be provided in case of power failure.
4. FIRE SAFETY EQUIPMENT/FACILITIES
Provision/installation of fire safety equipment/ facilities in the market should be in accordance with the Fire Code
of the Philippines.
January 31, 2019 27

C. FACILITY REQUIREMENTS (PER DOH IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF CHAPTER IV –MARKETS
AND ABATTOIRS OF THE CODE ON SANITATION OF THE PHILIPPINES – PD 856)
1. WASTE DISPOSAL
a. Proper solid waste management should be instituted in the market in accordance with the pertinent provisions
of Chapter XVII – “Refuse Disposal” of the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines (PD 856) and its Implementing
Rules and Regulations.
b. Adequate number of refuse of bins should be provided in strategic places for temporary disposal of refuse
before being collected.
c. A shredding space shall be allocated in the market premises.
d. Each stall should be provided with at least 2 covered refuse receptacles for biodegradable waste and another
receptacle for non-biodegradable wastes.
e. All receptacles/refuse bins shall be provided with tight fitting lids or covers, so constructed and maintained as to
be vermin-proof and easily cleaned.
f. Storage bins or refuse should be designated separately from food handling operations.
g. Solid wastes should be collected daily or more often as necessary.
h. Compostable waste shall undergo composting while recyclable waste shall be sold to junk shops and recycling
industries and the remaining solid waste shall be brought and disposed in the landfill.
2. TOILET AND HAND-WASHING FACILITIES
A. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR TOILET AND HAND-WASHING FACILITIES FOR PERSONNEL AND
STALLHOLDERS
B. MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR TOILETS AND HAND-WASHING FACILITIES FOR CONSUMERS
January 31, 2019 28

Note: 1 toilet for differently-abled female and male customers respectively, shall be provided, additional 1 water
closet and 1 urinal for each additional 1 water closet for each additional female. Toilet and hand-washing facilities
shall be located within the market area to cater the public.
C. MINIMUM TOILET SPACE REQUIREMENT
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 856 December 23, 1975
CODE ON SANITATION
SECTION 17. STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOOD ESTABLISHMENTS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED IN ACCORDANCE

WITH THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS:
A. FLOORS:
I. Constructed of concrete or other impervious and easily cleaned material, resistant to wear and corrosion and
adequately graded and drained.
II. Constructed of wood with dovetailed or tongue and grooved floor boards laid on a firm foundation and tightly
clamped together.
III. Constructed in accordance with the requirements of sub-clause (i) and (ii) of this clause and covered with
linoleum, smooth surfaced rubber or similar material fixed to the floor with cement or suitable adhesive.
B. WALLS:
January 31, 2019 29

I. The internal surface of walls shall have a smooth, even, non-absorbent surface capable of being readily cleaned
without damage to the surface and constructed of dust-proof materials.
II. The walls, where subject to wetting or splashing, shall be constructed of impervious, non-absorbent materials to
a height of not less than 79 inches (2 meters) from the floor.
III. The internal walls shall be painted in light colors or treated with such other wall finish as the health authority
may prescribe.
C. CEILINGS:
I. All ceilings or, if no ceiling is provided, the entire under-surface of the roof shall be dust-proof and washable.
II. The ceiling or undersurface of the roof of rooms in which food is prepared or packed or in which utensils or
hands are washed shall be smooth, non-absorbent and light.
D. LIGHTING:
I. In rooms where food is prepared or packed or in which utensils or hands are washed there shall be a minimum
illumination intensity of 20 foot-candles; in premises where food is consumed, there shall be a minimum
illumination intensity of 5 foot-candles. Intensities of illumination shall be measured at a point 30 inches (76.20
cm.) above the floor.
II. All lighting shall be reasonably free from glare and distributed so as to avoid shadows;
III. At other areas or working surfaces, the illumination shall be of such intensity as may be required by the health
authority.
E. VENTILATION:
I. The ventilation shall be adequate to prevent the air from becoming excessively heated, prevent condensation
and the formation of excess moisture on walls, ceilings and for the removal of objectionable odors, fumes and
impurities.
II. In the absence of effective natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation with airflow from a clean area, and
discharging in such a manner as not to create a nuisance, shall be provided.
III. Canopies, air ducts, fans or other appliances shall be provided as required by the health authority in particular
circumstances.
F. OVERCROWDING:
January 31, 2019 30

There shall be sufficient floor space to enable every person working thereon to carry out his duties efficiently and
to permit easy access for cleaning. Working spaces, aisles or passageways and areas to which customers have
access shall be unobstructed and sufficient to permit movement of employees and customers without
contamination of food by clothing or personal contact.
G. WASH-HAND BASINS:
I. Wash-hand basins shall be installed in convenient places and as near as practicable to where the person for
whose use they are provided.
SECTION 20. VERMIN CONTROL
a. Spaces where food and drinks are stored, prepared and served shall be so constructed and maintained as to
exclude vermin.
b. All opening which connects spaces to the outer air shall be effectively protected with screen of non-corrosive
wire 16-mesh or finer. Door screens shall be tight-fitting.
SECTION 21. TOILET
a. Toilet rooms shall not open directly into spaces where food is prepared, stored or served. Where such toilets
exist, the doors shall be tight fitting and self-closing.
SECTION 35. RESPONSIBILITY OF THE LOCAL HEALTH AUTHORITY
A. MARKETS
1.Make periodic inspections to ascertain the maintenance of adequate sanitary conditions of markets and their
premises.
2. Supervise and control the proper care and use of market stalls
3. Prohibit the construction of living quarters within any market and its premises
4. Enforce the ban on construction of partitions, sheds or booths within the market area.
B. ABATTOIRS
1. Supervise the maintenance of adequate sanitation in abattoirs and their premises
2. Enforce the requirements on the examination of meat as provided in existing laws
January 31, 2019 31

3. Permit the slaughter of animals for public consumption in other designated areas in certain exigencies, provided
public health is adequately protected.
4. Supervise the sanitary disposal of all abattoir wastes
CHAPTER IX. SECTION 54. REST AREAS, BUS TERMINALS, BUS STOPS AND SERVICE STATION AREAS WITH ONE OR
MORE PERMANENT SHEDS, BUILDINGS AND SERVICE FACILITIES FOR MOTOR VEHICLES SHALL BE PROVIDED
WITH SANITARY FACILITIES FOR THE CONVENIENCE AND PERSONAL NECESSITIES OF THE TRAVELLING PUBLIC.
a. Rest areas, bus terminals, bus stops and service stations shall be established with ample area
b. They shall be provided with adequate ventilation and lighting and away from sources of nuisance.
c. Water supply shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of Chapter II of this Code.
d. Sewage disposal shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of Chapter XVII of this Code.
e. Refuse disposal shall be in accordance with the provisions of Chapter XVIII of this Code.
f. Comfort rooms shall be provided in accordance with the provisions on Chapter XVII of this Code.
g. Waiting sheds for commuters shall be of adequate size to comfortably accommodate a minimum of thirty (30)
persons.
h. Sale of foodstuffs in those establishments shall be done in conformity with the provisions of Chapter III of this
Code.
APPLICABLE BP 344
Appendix A
ILLUSTRATIONS FOR MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
A. OUTSIDE AND AROUND BUILDINGS
1. DROPPED CURBS
1.1 Changes in level walkways should be by a dropped curb.
1.2 Dropped curbs should be provided at pedestrian crossings and at the end of walkways of a private street or
access road.
January 31, 2019 32

1.3 Dropped curbs at crossings have a width corresponding to the width of the crossing; otherwise, the minimum
width is 0.90 m.
1.4 Dropped curbs shall be ramped towards adjoining curbs with a gradient not more than 1:12
1.5 Dropped curbs shall be sloped towards the road with a maximum cross gradient of 1:20 to prevent water from
collecting at the walkway.
1.6 The lowest point of a dropped curb should not exceed 25 mm from the road or gutter.
January 31, 2019 33

2. CURB CUT-OUTS
2.1 Curb cut-outs should only be allowed when it will not obstruct a walkway or in any way lessen the width of a
walkway.
2.2 The minimum width of a curb cut-out should be 0.90 M.
2.3 Curb cut-outs should have a gradient not more than 1:12
3.WALKWAYS AND PASSAGEWAYS
3.1 Walkways should be kept as level as possible and provided with slip-resistant material.
3.2 Whenever and wherever possible, walkways should have a gradient no more than 1:20 or 5%.
3.3 Walkways should have a maximum cross gradient of 1:100
3.4 Walkways should have a minimum width of 1.20 meters.
3.5 If possible, gratings should never be located along walkways. When occurring along walkways, grating openings
should have a maximum dimension of 13 mm x 13 mm and shall not project more than 6.5 mm above the level of
the walkway.
3.6 Walkways should have a continuing surface without abrupt pitches in angle or interruptions by cracks or breaks
creating edges above 6.50 mm.
3.7 In lengthy or busy walkways, spaces should be provided at some point along the route so that a wheelchair
may pass another or turn around. These spaces should have a minimum dimension of 1.50 m and should be spaced
at a maximum distance of 12:00 m between stops.
January 31, 2019 34

3.8 To guide the blind, walkways should as much as possible follow straightforward routes with right angle turn
3.9 Where
planting is
provided
adjacent to the
walkway,
regular
maintenance is
essential to
ensure branches of trees or shrubs do not overhang
walkways or paths, as not only do these present a
particular danger to the blind, but they also reduce
the effective footways width available to pedestrians
generally.
3.10 Walkway headroom should not be less than 2.0

m and preferably higher.
3.11 Passageways for the disabled should not be

obstructed by street furniture, bollards, sign posts or
columns along the defined route, as they can be
hazardous.
4. HANDRAILS
4.1 Handrails should be installed at both sides of ramps and stairs and at the outer edges of dropped curbs.
Handrails at dropped curbs should not be installed beyond the width of any crossing so as not to obstruct
pedestrian flow.
January 31, 2019 35

4.2 Handrails shall be installed at 0.90 m and 0.70 m above steps or ramps. Handrails for protection at great
heights may be installed at 1.0 m to 1.06 m.
4.3 A 0.30 m long extension of the handrail should be provided at the start and end of ramps and stairs.
4.4 Handrails that require full grip should have a dimension of 30 mm to 50 mm.
4.5 Handrails attached to walls should have a clearance no less than 50 mm from the wall. Handrails on ledges
should have a clearance not less than 40 mm.
January 31, 2019 36

5. OPEN SPACES
5.1 Where open spaces are provided, the blind can become particularly disoriented. Therefore, it is extremely
helpful if any walkway or paths can be given defined edges either by the use of planters with dwarf walls, or a
grass verge, or similar, which provides a texture different from the path.
6. SIGNAGES
6.1 Directional and informational sign should be located at points conveniently seen even by a person on a
wheelchair and those with visual impairments;
6.2 Signs should be kept simple and easy to understand; signages should be made of contrasting colors and
contrasting gray matter to make detection and reading easy
6.3 The international symbol for access should be used to designate routes and facilities that are accessibl
January 31, 2019 37

7. CROSSINGS
7.1 In order to reduce the exposure time to vehicular traffic, all at grade crossing should 7.1.1 Be as near
perpendicular to the carriageway as possible.
7.1.2 Be located at the narrowest, most convenient part of the carriageway.
7.1.3 Have central refuges of at least 1.5 m in depth and preferably 2 m, provided as a midcrossing shelter,
where the width of carriageway to be crossed exceeds 10 m.
7.2 All crossings should be located close if not contiguous with the normal pedestrian desire line.
7.3 Provide tactile blocks in the immediate vicinity of crossings as an aid to the blind. The tactile surface has to be
sufficiently high enough to be felt through the sole of the shoe but low enough not to cause pedestrian to trip, or
to affect the mobility of wheelchair users. See details of recommended pairing slabs below. Note: Tactile strips
formed from brushed or grooved concrete finishes have not been proven successful as they do not provide
sufficient distinction from the normal footway surface and therefore should not be used.
January 31, 2019 38

B. PARKING
1.1 Parking spaces for the disabled should allow enough space for a person to transfer to a wheelchair from a
vehicle;
1.2 Accessible parking spaces

should be located as close as
possible to building entrances or
to accessible entrances;
1.3 Whenever and wherever

possible, accessible parking
spaces should be perpendicular
or to an angle to the road or
circulation aisles;
1.4 Accessible parking slots

should have a minimum width of
3.70 m.;
1.5 A walkway from accessible

spaces of 1.20 m. clear width shall be provided between the front ends of parked cars;
January 31, 2019 39

1.6 Provide dropped curbs or curb cut-outs to the parking level where access walkways are raised;
1.7 Pavement markings, signs or other means shall be provided to delineate parking spaces for the handicapped;
1.8 Parking spaces for the disabled should never be located at ramped or sloping
1.8 Parking spaces for the disabled should never be located at ramped or sloping.
INSIDE BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
ENTRANCES
1.1 Entrances should be accessible from arrival and departure points to the interior lobby;
1.2 One (1) entrance level should be provided where elevators are accessible;
1.3 In case entrances are not on the same level of the site arrival grade, ramps should be provided as
access to the entrance level;
8. WASHROOMS & TOILETS
8.1. Accessible public washrooms and toilets shall permit easy passage of a wheelchair and allow the occupant to
enter a stall, close the door and transfer to the water closet from either a frontal or lateral position;
8.2 Accessible water closet stalls shall have a minimum area of 1.70 x 1.80 mts. One movable grab bar and one
January 31, 2019 40

fixed to the adjacent wall shall be installed at the accessible water closet stall for lateral mounting; fixed grab bars
on both sides of the wall shall be installed for stalls for frontal mounting;
8.3 A turning space of 2.25 sq.m. with a minimum dimension of 1.50 m. for wheelchair shall be provided for water
closet stalls for lateral mounting;
8.4 All accessible public toilets shall have accessories such as mirrors, paper dispensers, towel racks and fittings
such as faucets mounted at heights reachable by a person in a wheelchair;
8.5 The minimum number of accessible water closets on each floor level or on that part of a floor level accessible
to the disabled shall be one (1) where the total number of water closets per set on that level is 20; and two (2)
where the number of water closets exceed 20;
8.6 In order to aid visually impaired persons to readily determine whether a washroom is for men or for women,
the signage for men's washroom door shall be an equilateral triangle with a vertex pointing upward, and those for
women shall be a circle; the edges of the triangle
should be 0.30 m long as should be the diameter of
the circle; these signages should at least be 7.5 mm
thick; the color and gray value of the doors; the
words "men" and "women" or the appropriate stick
figures should still appear on the washroom doors
for the convenience of the fully sighted; Note: the
totally blind could touch the edge of the signs and
easily determine whether it is straight or curved;
8.7 The maximum height of water closets should be

0.45 m.; flush control should have a maximum height
of 1.20 mts.
8.8 Maximum height of lavatories should be 0.80 m.

with a knee recess of 0.60 - 0.70 M. vertical
clearance and a 0.50 m. depth.
January 31, 2019 41

January 31, 2019 42

January 31, 2019 43

January 31, 2019 44

IV.B. LANDSCAPE IN A PUBLIC MARKET

There are different types of goods that are being sold in a Public market, namely: Wet goods (Fish,
clams, crabs, & prawns), Meat, Fruits, Vegetables, & General goods, and each type of good creates a
certain type of smell in the surrounding vicinity, and the odor might sometimes affect the vicinity. This
odor can be solved in numerous ways, and that is to counteract the smell with different types of plants
in the vicinity. A wet market may be surrounded with different open-air apothecaries in order to
counteract the smell. Or different types of plants being incorporated within the vicinity of the Wet
market.
There are different plants that we can incorporate into the site development of the Carbon Market, and
different designs for a better odor-free design.
Sample Designs that are proposed for a better smelling Public Market:
This is one Sample Site development Plan that allows for

lesser smell in the vicinity. The plants that surround the
market will counter-act the odor before entering into
the wet market.
The types of plants that are being sold will also affect the
odor. Since not that many stalls are currently selling this
type of good. Selling these types of good will allow for
more jobs in carbon market, and will encourage people
to purchase this type of good.
SOFTSCAPES
There are different types of plants that are able to counter-act the smell, but the availability here in
Cebu will be an issue, therefore there are only a handful of plants able to counter-act this smell, such as:
Gardenia
Gardenia is one of the more famous fragrant indoor plants. This
houseplant has dark green glossy leaves and white flowers, which waft a
delicious aromatic sense. There are more than 150 species of gardenia, so
some are easier to grow than others.
January 31, 2019 45

When considering different gardenia options, avoid ones that require bright light and high humidity.
Instead, go for gardenias that require less care and maintenance.
Jasmine
With its thick green leaves and pretty white flowers, Jasmine is known for being
one of the more elegant indoor plant options. This plant produces a sweet and
delicate aroma, which many compare to fresh linens.
It also comes in many varieties and most species need to be placed in a room with
high light, humidity, and temperature to bloom.
Geranium
The name geranium is an umbrella term as there are
over 200 species of plants that fall under this name.
Geranium plants are known for having a delicious, and
somewhat overwhelming, aroma. If you brush their
leaves or touch them, the plant will quickly release a
burst of aroma.
When it comes to fragrant indoor plants, this one is
easy to grow and comes in many forms. They also
offer a variety of health benefits:
• They lower stress

• They reduce inflammation
• They relieve pain (like migraines)
• They promote kidney health
• They aid in digestion
• They boost immunity
Geranium plants not only offer sweet beauty but

many health benefits that make them a houseplant
worth keeping in your home.
January 31, 2019 46

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus is a beautiful, but somewhat tricky indoor plant to grow.
These plants absorb water quickly, so they need to be watered
frequently. But they're worth it because these beautiful dark green or
purple colored plants emit an odor that's completely refreshing.
It's important to know that Eucalyptus oil is also a very powerful thing
and used in many things, including antiseptics, perfumes, and
cosmetics. They also offer a variety of health benefits:
• They heal wounds

• They treat respiratory problems
• They treat muscle pains
• They relieve muscle pain
If you're interested in growing eucalyptus in your home, you should explore the health benefits and see
how you can take advantage of them.
Orchid
Orchids are an incredibly popular kind of fragrant indoor plant. There are
many different species of orchids, with some being more beautiful and
elaborate than others.
The scents Orchids give off also depend on the species, as some of them
like Jasmine and others like coconut.
Mint
For many years, people have used mint in the perfume industry due to its
pleasant aroma. Mint plants are easy to grow and can be planted almost
anywhere. They're also great for people who may be suffering from lung
disease.
Lavender
Lavender is famous for its sweet, gentle aroma and beautifully
vibrant purple flowers. These plants grow best in hotspots and dry
climates, so they only need to be watered about once a month.
They also require extreme lighting to grow properly, so when

planting them make you place them in an area with great lighting
like a windowsill.
January 31, 2019 47

Angels Trumpet
Angels' trumpet is known for its aroma that can fill an entire apartment.
The plant releases a perfumed scent from its dangling blossoms at night,
so your space will be smelling great when you wake up the next morning.
The key to growth for these plants is placing them in the warmest,
brightest light you can.
Lemon Balm
Lemon balm is a perennial herb that grows thick and bushy. If you brush or
lightly rub the leaves, you'll find a sweet lemon aroma. You can even pick
individual leaves from the plants that you can then use to make teas and
dessert.
It's important to know that bright light is best for shorter stems and bushy
growth. If you use lower light, they'll yield long, lanky stems.
Arp Rosemary
This kind of rosemary is known for its winter hardiness, but it also
makes a great indoor plant. It has a woodsy, pungent aroma with
tones of pine and lemon, and you can harvest the leaves to season
meats and soups.
The key to growing this plant successfully is not overwatering it
and growing it on the cool side throughout the winter.
When these types of plants surround the Wet market area of the public market, the smell of these
plants being sold around the area would counter-act the odor that the wet market produces, and this
way would greatly reduce the smell of the wet market and would create a better ambiance for the
Public Market.
HARDSCAPES
The Hardscapes are used to classify different parts of the site, and organize it. These hardscapes may be
pavements, or vases of different kinds. These different types of hardscapes are:
Driveways
Hardscapes to classify the roads for different types of
vehicles such as: Delivery trucks, & customer vehicles.
January 31, 2019 48

Walkways
Walkways have a function of separating the driveway from a walk. This way we
would be able to have clearer function and cleaner looking streets. Walkways would
also allow for a better ambiance for people experiencing the market and would be
able to view the different goods being sold in the different parts of the public
market.
Fences
This would be a good harscape to separate different stalls in the

fruits and vegetables market and would contribute to the ambiance.
The brown color promotes a wood type of feeling in the materials.
Fences would be a good addition in the hardscape of the public
market.
Walls & Wall Materials
The Walls, if decorated with green, and good

softscaping, would create a good ambiance and
compartmentalization for the different units in the
Carbon Public Market.
Furniture
Furniture Such as vases, or Pergola Benches would create a

buffer areas where people could sit down and lounge before
joining in on the hustle where they will be able to purchase
goods.
January 31, 2019 49

IV.C. STANDARDS, TYPES, & BUILDING TECHNIQUES

Markets vary in form, scale (volume and geographic reach), location and types of participants as well as
the types of goods and services traded. The following is a non-exhaustive list:
Physical consumer markets:
- Food retail markets: farmers' markets, fish markets, wet markets and grocery stores
- Retail marketplaces: public markets, market squares, Main Streets, High Streets, bazaars, souqs,
night markets, shopping strip malls and shopping malls
- Big-box stores: supermarkets, hypermarkets and discount stores
- Ad hoc auction markets: process of buying and selling goods or services by offering them up for
bid, taking bids and then selling the item to the highest bidder
- Used goods markets such as flea markets
- Temporary markets such as fairs
A farmers' market is a physical retail marketplace intended to sell foods directly by farmers to consumers.
Farmers' markets may be indoors or outdoors and typically consisting of booths, tables or stands where
farmers sell fruits, vegetables, meats, cheeses, and sometimes prepared foods and beverages. Farmers'
markets exist in many countries worldwide and reflect the local culture and economy. The size of the
market may be just a few stalls or it may be as large as several city blocks. Due to their nature, they tend
to be less rigidly regulated than retail produce shops.
They are distinguished from public markets, which are generally housed in permanent structures, open
year-round, and offer a variety of non-farmer/non-producer vendors, packaged foods and non-food
products.
Source: Wikipedia.com
The Design of Market Buildings and Infrastructures
The overriding consideration in the design of most markets is that the most cost-effective solution
should be found. However, there are a number of basic design principles that will need to be considered
when preparing proposals for market infrastructure. These factors include space standards, the choice
of materials and structures and the impact of the climate (rainfall, temperature' wind) on design.
In planning for markets, it is necessary to develop a more precise descriptions to its different sections.
Distinguishing between:
PARADO•MANILA•LELINA 49
• fresh fruit and vegetable trading areas;

• meat, fish, poultry and egg sales;
• sales of grains and spices;
• sales of cooked food;
• other non-food sales, such as clothing and household goods;
• general circulation areas (internal and external); and
• other uses, such as storage, administration, public toilets, etc.
A basic issue to resolve in the detailed design of a market will be to determine the number and distribution
of sales spaces required and whether these need to be accommodated in open air stalls or within purpose-
built market buildings. The facilities needed and affordable by fruit and vegetable sellers, for example, will
be much simpler than those of traders with higher-value goods such as clothing who will invariably
demand lockup facilities. There has to be a clear relationship between the rent or fees charged and the
type of facilities provided.
However, even within one category of goods there may be a wide range of needs in terms of size and
amenity standard of sales space. At the simplest level, some sellers may only be trading in a sack of fresh
produce (say 25 to 50 kilograms) on any one day. In this case, renting open space on a daily basis to
erect a small uncovered trestle table would be the most appropriate solution. Even seemingly quite busy
lock-up stalls in covered markets, with an overall stall area of 4 to 12 square meters, are only likely to
be selling 100 to 300 kilograms of fruits and vegetables daily. There will also be a need for large stalls in
markets, but this is usually very limited (e.g. a specialized trader in grains or dry foods requiring
additional space for storage) and can normally be accommodated by designing the stalls in a modular
fashion so that a number of stalls can be combined to form a larger unit.
Procedure for determining detailed space requirements in open and covered markets
1. Estimate the total number of sales spaces required based on the projected turnover of the market
and the likely range of turnovers (e.g. small, medium or large) and the different uses (i.e. fruits and
vegetables, meat, fish, poultry, grains, dairy products, clothing, household goods, etc.).
2. Decide, for each different type of user, on the distribution between open and covered spaces based
on an assumed (for new markets) or observed (for existing markets) pattern of use (e.g. 90 per cent
open spaces in a weekly rural market, 100 per cent under cover in a central urban market, etc.).
3. Allocate the stalls within the market remembering that stall sizes should be kept as small as possible
to minimize rents (normally 2 x 2 meters to 3 x 4 meters, with sales space or table taking up 30-50 per
cent of the area).
4. Allocate the circulation space (aisle widths should be in the range of 3.5 to 6 meters and wide
enough for ease of pedestrian circulation and so that small delivery trolleys or vehicles can enter the
market).
5. Check that there is a maximum length of 12 meters between cross aisles.
6. Total the sales and circulation space and check whether it broadly corresponds to the overall area
projected for the market.
7. Adjust the total requirements to take account of existing facilities.
8. Phase the development to take account of immediate urgent requirements and long-term needs.
9. Discuss the proposals with traders (if applicable) to ensure their acceptability.
Materials and structure
The choice of materials and construction techniques for markets involves balancing the need for robust
and simply maintained structures against the need to minimize expenditure. Additional costs should only
be incurred if this can be justified on the basis of the returns obtained from market fees. Other issues that
will have a hearing on the choice of materials and structures will include the span of the structures
consideration of how a project is to be Implemented (whether contractor built or by means of self-help
programmes) and the extent to which standardized components can be used (e.g. prefabricated stalls,).
Use of color in markets
The general appearance of a market is an important issue as it will depend on this feature to attract
custom. There is a clear need to choose the colors so that they promote the appeal of the products. In
general, paler materials are preferred as they reflect light, providing brighter surroundings, and suggest
hygienic conditions. The use of color will depend on the type of produce being sold and the following
colors are usually adopted, particularly for the walls dividing sales outlets:
fruits and vegetables: green, yellow, grey, or orange
fish: blue, turquoise, mauve, or grey-blue
meat and poultry: beige, pink or grey
dairy products: blue, white or beige
Influence of climate
In areas with extreme climatic conditions, such as cold weather, high rainfall and intense sunshine, there
are distinct advantages, for both sellers and customers, in constructing enclosed market buildings.
Traditionally, such structures are very characteristic of France, Britain and Spain. Many markets were
built in the 19th century, but some date back to mediaeval times. In the 20th century, this building form
has been extensively adopted in South-East Asia. For convenience of market operations, single-storey
market structures are preferable, but where markets are located in high density urban areas the building
may need to be two to three stories high.
In arid climates, and to some extent the tropics, it may be appropriate to use internal open courtyards
within market buildings. This provides a way of improving comfort conditions by allowing cross-
ventilation. If the courtyard is too enclosed there is probability of it being "dead" and this can be avoided
by opening it up to the activities of the building. The spaces can be used as sitting areas, overspill selling
spaces or the courtyard can form part of the entry to the building. Many traditional Arab suqs use this
type of plan very effectively.
Design for a small rural village

market on a sloping site, with
covered stalls and room for casual
traders against outside walls
Typical designs for blocks of

around 20 fixed stalls in a rural
village market, integrating
rainwater collection and drainage
Layout of small rural market, located around an existing shade tree
For most small-scale rural markets and for

urban street and open markets, where the
space is also used for different purposes at
other times (e.g. as a car park), it is usual for
traders to operate using small-scale
individual structures. These are normally
left up to the individual stallholder to
provide. They often take the form of
umbrellas' barrows with integral roofs or a
simple demountable structure, with a
canvas awning or plastic-sheeted roof
spanning between a timber, bamboo or
steel framework. In these cases, the market
stalls are not subject to any design control
by the market authority and are the
property of the individual stallholders.
Alternatively, the market authority might
provide standard prefabricated stalls on an
individual or group basis, the rent charged
for them reflecting the hire of the stall as
well as the space.
Plan, elevation and cross-section of roofed stalls with concrete tables for sale of fruit and
vegetables - located on a sloping site. Source: Village Markets in Ghana, USAID, 1963.
Rural market buildings and stalls
Fixed stall designs for rural markets can either be accommodated in single-sided buildings ranged along
the external wall of a market or in double-sided blocks. With the latter, access can either be from the
perimeter or stalls can be approached from a central buyers' walk through the center of the building. This
is particularly important when protection from weather conditions is a major consideration.
An ideal arrangement for creating a small-scale rural market is to locate it around an existing shade tree.
That illustrates an example of such a market, with a shaded open area in the center for visiting traders
and covered stalls provided on the perimeter. In this instance, traders are provided with fixed concrete
tables, behind which the produce can be stored under cover. Rural markets may form part of a
comprehensive improvement programme.
Proposal for hawker's pavements, Bombay, India Source: Cantacuzino, S. editor. (1984).
Charles Correa. Mimar Book, Concept Media, Singapore.
Street markets and stalls
Facilities provided for street markets and public

squares may adopt a wide range of solutions,
one extreme, illustrated in this is the provision of
facilities for hawkers alongside an existing
arcaded roadway. In this case, the raised selling
slabs provided for the hawkers are also used as
sleeping platforms at night.
A common way that street markets develop is in

the gradual roofing over of open spaces. In Italy,
for example, this often takes the form of
inserting covered market buildings into existing
squares or wide streets. A variant on this,
common in Britain, has been the roofing-over of
streets or open spaces with glazed panels, to
form an arcade at the rear of existing shops.
Although mobile stalls are common, these may

not be affordable. An alternative is to construct
simple fixed roofs over individual stalls or, more
economically, over the stalls of two to four
vendors. By this means, a traditional street
market or market square, as it becomes more
intensively used, can evolve into a permanent
market facility.
Covered market buildings, inserted into an existing 275-meter length street, Crema, Italy
For permanent markets, a fully or partially enclosed building is the most common form of sales area
adopted in both tropical and temperate climates. Covered market buildings can take on a wide range of
forms. They can range from a small facility.
Urban redevelopment scheme with street hawkers' stalls around an entertainment area,
Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
The degree of enclosure of a covered market depends on two factors: the need for climatic control; and
security requirements, particularly for storing produce. These two factors will determine the overall
circulation system of the market building. In some cases, markets can combine open air stalls with covered
facilities. This example also illustrates the integration of a market with related facilities, such as cool
storage rooms, a public bathhouse and a nursery school.
Enclosed or covered market buildings should preferably be thought of as covered-over streets. To

encourage people to use the space the market should have highly visible and wide entrances, positioned
so that it is possible for the public to immediately grasp how to enter the building. Ideally, the building
should also form part of a main public route, making it possible for pedestrians to take short-cuts through
the building or to linger without feeling that they must move on.
Although it is important not to create dead-ends within market layouts, many modern markets are laid-
out on a monotonous and rigid grid system of aisles. This provides little encouragement for pedestrians
to be drawn into the market. To counteract this, the paths or routes which form the market's internal
street system should be laid out so that they connect through a series of busy intermediate spaces in
which cafes and other public facilities are located.
Details of small market stalls (2 x 1 metres) in timber construction, Castries Central Market, St.
Lucia. Source: FAO (PFL/RLA/001). Ian Marshall, Architect.
Where maximum air-flow has to be encouraged, this can be provided by constructing a steel or timber-
framed, open-sided shed (often referred to as a "hangar"), with either fixed stalls or pitches for sellers laid
out within it. This type of facility often uses a standardized industrial or agricultural building. However,
caution should be exercised in choosing standard buildings as they are not specifically designed for market
use. Figure 54 illustrates how such a building, originally designed for storage, has had to be modified by
the users so that sufficient ventilation and improved access could be obtained.
Within the building the width of aisles should be in the range of 3.5 to 6 meters. The minimum width is
based on allowing a group of three people walking together to pass one person standing by a stall, or for
two people walking to pass two other people. The 6-meter width of aisle would allow for seating and
other uses and is ideal for the main thoroughfare of the market. A conventional arrangement of covered
markets (tending to reflect what often also occurs in open street markets) is to have two or three aisles,
i.e. with one or two double-sided sets of stalls down the middle of the building and single-sided stalls
looking into the market on the perimeter.
New covered stalls, the Market Place, Norwich, Norfolk, England Source: Bowne, K. (1965).
Norwich Ring and Loop. The Architectural Review, Volume 138, Number 821, July 1965
A reasonable ceiling height for the market building is also needed, and again a range of 3.5 to 6 meters is
appropriate, depending on the street width. A higher space over the central space and a lower one at the
edges is also very suitable, either by using a pitched roof for a single-storey market or by using an open
atrium for a multi-storey building. Within such buildings, it is important to make full provision for fire
precautions, adequate means of escape, fire hydrants and the need to divide-up larger spaces into
compartments.
Design for a small-scale covered municipal market, Sri Lanka Source: Author
Different stall designs will be required to reflect the different goods being sold - although these variations
can be provided within a standard enclosure. This illustrates a market where a wide variety of different
needs has been accommodated within a small covered market inserted between existing buildings. The
stalls around the perimeter of the market are often the most popular with sellers and sometimes are of a
different design, e.g. lock-up shops.
Most retail markets are likely to include a mixture of sales functions. However, although in covered
markets a wide variety of stalls can be accommodated it is also important than the stalls selling similar
products are grouped together. This is partly for the convenience of the customers, particularly so prices
can easily be compared, but there are other reasons. One is the need for the sanitary segregation of fresh
produce stalls from meat, fish and poultry stalls, particularly so that the area for the latter can be easily
cleaned and the disposal of waste controlled.
Another is the requirement for physical segregation of fruit stalls from flower stalls so that the natural
ethylene gas produced by the fruits does not damage the flower
Meat and fish stalls
Although fresh fruits and vegetables may make up the majority of the food-related stalls, facilities for
butchers and fishmongers are also likely to be important. Rarely is a separate building provided and such
uses are normally integrated with the main market facilities. However, there can be advantages to
providing a separate building so that hygiene standards and cleaning routines can vary from that
prevailing in other parts of a market.
Poultry and egg marketing
Poultry sections of markets, including areas for the sale of chickens, ducks and geese, have their own
unique design requirements. The main distinction will be whether the poultry is sold live or already
slaughtered. In the latter case, the sales facility will not be visibly much different from that used for fresh
meat or fish, except that using hanging rails for display of the dressed birds will be preferred. For live birds,
which have the distinct advantage over pre-killed birds in that they do not have to be disposed of by the
end of the working day, there are two basic modes of sale. Firstly, the poultry can be bought live (i.e. for
slaughter at home) or it can be slaughtered and plucked (de-feathered) in the market on demand, in which
case special slaughter facilities will need to provided, This usually requires a shackle for hanging the birds
and hot water for scalding carcasses. In Muslim societies a slaughter slab oriented to Mecca will be
needed.
Storage
Security and the related issue of overnight storage of unsold produce is a difficult question in market
design. With street markets it is obviously unreasonable to expect that goods can be left in the market,
although in many cases special lock-up facilities are provided, either for the traders' barrows or for the
produce. In fenced-in or covered markets most retailers would obviously prefer to have secure facilities.
A simple lockable cupboard under a stall is often sufficient. The next level of complexity are stalls which
can be closed off with pull-down shutters. To satisfy major traders some lock-up retail shop units are also
often included within the market area, either as separate buildings or integrated into a covered market.
Cross-section through typical fish stall in a covered market
A. insect trap
B. ventilation extract
C. display lighting, mounted sufficiently high to avoid produce damage
D. price board and promotion material
E. cutting table, possibly behind wall separating preparation and sales areas
F. storage bins
G. drainage outlet in floor
H. weighing scales over display area
Typical fixed fruit and vegetable stall in a covered
A. stall construction in blockwork, brickwork or timber (overall dimensions: frontage 1.5-1.8 metres;
depth 1.5-2.5 metres).
B. counter flap to provide access to stall
C. shelves for display of vegetables
D. inclined display for fruits in crates
In simple rural markets the display of live poultry may be in an open enclosure or by using the baskets in
which the birds were transported to market. With urban markets, where space is at a premium, a bank of
stacked display cages is normally used, usually three cages high (typically cages are around 0.7 to 0.8
meters high). The wooden-framed, wire-netted crates used for transport from the farm can be utilized
for this purpose. In facility design it is important not to over-provide for poultry display, otherwise large
sections of a market become a storage area for live birds. The potential impact of a developing battery
chicken industry and frozen poultry meat sales through supermarkets should also be taken into account.
This may limit the long-term need for extensive provision of facilities in markets.
Eggs are sold by grade, typically in baskets, cartons or trays. The eggs are often displayed as samples on a
table or bench. As eggs are highly perishable it is essential that the sales area in a market is located in the
coolest place, with adequate shade and cross-ventilation.
Space Requirements:
1. Lobby – Receiving and waiting area
User: Visitors and Building Occupants

Quantitative: 2.5 sq. m. / person
2. Information – Already included in the lobby

User: Visitors and Building Occupants
Quantitative: 2.5 sq. m. / person
3. Parking – Car parking

User: Visitors and Personnel
Quantitative: 1 Parking Slot / 20 sq. m. (Ground floor)
1 Parking Slot / 60 sq. m. (Succeeding upper floors) parking slot
4. Building Services
a. Ramps
b. Stairs
c. Fire Exits
d. Restrooms (Hygiene Facilities)
e. Janitors locker room
f. Storage
g. Garbage Storage
h. Guard House
5. Office Spaces – For business transaction and professional services.

User: Visitors and Clients
Quantitative: 54 sq. m. to 60 sq. m.
6. Concession Spaces – For retail shops and other commercial businesses.

User: Visitors and Customers
Quantitative: 3.6 m. x 15 to 4.5 m. x 24 m. or depending on the tenants.
7. Landscape – Soft scape and hard scape.
8. Circulatory Area
a. Corridors
b. Hallways
9. Mechanical Room
10.Building Administrator’s Office
Spaces and Solution:
1. Market in-charge office – to be located on the service entry in order to have a proper
monitoring of goods entry and to have proper files regarding market income.
Secretary Reception Area Records Room
2. Police Outpost – to be located on the ground floor to have full and direct control to have full
and direct control of the building.
Reception Area Public Phone Area
3. Market Areas / Sections

a. Tabo areas – an area provided for traders from the mountains of Cebu. These areas
are presented with a blue color.
b. Fish, meat and vegetable section – is located on the ground floor. It should be
located in the front wing to limit walking distance, since it carries a greater volume of
load and for the accessibility to its service entrance.
c. Grain and other dry goods section – the grains and other heavy items should
be located near its entry. Other dry good items must be on the second floor.
d. Public / private offices for rent – In order to maximize the government income,
this kind of offices must be provided because it have been found out that two floor
markets do not function well.
e. Current business or attached structures contributes a great part of government’s income
so therefore, it should be integrated on the design.
f. Ticket Booths - Should be located near the entry of goods.

g. Loading / Unloading Facilities – Loading / unloading facilities such as docks must
conform to standards.
Additional facilities needed and its importance
Fencing of Public Markets
Research shows that the need of fencing is very necessary for public markets with the following
improvements:
a. Collection of goods.
b. Control of entry of goods.
Ticket Booths
This will be used as the headquarters of the market collectors and the station for the weighing and
assessment of goods entered into the market for sale.
Entry of Goods through the Gates
Gates should be placed in strategic places where entrance of goods and commodities shall be facilitated.
All gates should be provided with the ticket booths were fees can be paid and cash ticket issued.
Market Premises Sectioning
Each section shall as nearly as possible be occupied by vendors dealing with in the same manner of general
class of goods.
a. The sections shall be divided so as to separate the dry goods from the wet goods. Wet goods must
be placed nearly as possible by water and drainage facilities and that dry and heavy goods should
be placed near the gates to facilitate its entry. Ready to eat sections should not be placed near
the comfort rooms.
b. Public market should be provided with market tables in such manner as the space or the premises
can hold.
Source: (Gurdiel, 1986)
Sample Floor Plans
Carbon Market, Cebu City
The oldest and largest public market in Cebu City — Carbon Market — is a vibrant conglomeration of all
types of vendors and goods. The market has also become a major tourist destination, mainly because it
offers choices of inexpensive souvenirs and is easily accessible as it is located in the downtown area of
Cebu City.
The Carbon Market, which was named after the Cebu Railroad’s coal depository, is already over one
hundred years old. The current location of the market used to be the final station of the railway line,
where the coal that was used to power the steam engines was stored. The market’s name was most likely
inspired by the “Coal Mountains” stored in the area.
Carbon is comparable to Divioria in Manila, where different products and services are available. It is a
typical Filipino market where items offered range from fresh food products to handicraft materials. The
wet market area of Carbon is the place to go to when you have to buy fish, seafood and meat products.
Vendors of vegetables and fruits are visible at every corner of the market. The handicraft stores and flower
vendors are located at the market’s entrance facing the college campus of the University of San Jose
Recoletos.
Aside from its relatively big area, the Carbon Market is hard to miss because of the landmarks surrounding
it. Located at M.C. Briones and Calderon Sts., in Cebu City, the market is flanked on its various entries by
the Cebu City Hall and the USJR-College Campus.
IV. D. SITE ANALYSIS, SPACE PLANNING

SUN & WIND ORIENTATION:
SUN PATH:
January 31, 2019 70

TRAFFIC MAP:
January 31, 2019 71

LAND USE MAP:
SPACE
RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM:
Market Hall:
January 31, 2019 72

Transitory Area:
January 31, 2019 73

Administration Area:
January 31, 2019 74

SPACE PROXIMITY MATRIX
The Market Hall is where the wet, semi-wet and dry stalls are located. It is where the preparation and
transaction of these products are done. The trading hall, storage and eatery are also found here
January 31, 2019 75

The Transitory Area is a space for circulation, a starting point towards the other spaces inside. This is
where customers with queries can ask for assistance. The Administration Area is where the offices are
located. This is where the officers, vendors and concerned people discuss about matters of the market
such as announcements and memorandums.
January 31, 2019 76

IV.E. UTILITIES
Each of these three projects utilized a similar technology package, with minor differences adapted to
each local situation. The system installed in Muntinlupa City Market consists of the following sections –
all located entirely underground (excavated under the parking lot / loading bays due to lack of above-
ground space) – in order of wastewater flow: bar screen, lift station, equalization tank, anaerobic baffled
reactor (ABR), upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), sequencing batch reactor, lamella clarifier,
cocopeat filter, recycling to toilets for flushing. This system was designed to treat up to 210m3 of
wastewater per day.
The system installed in the San Fernando City Market consists of the following sections, in order of
wastewater flow: bar screen, lift station, equalization tank, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB),
sequencing batch reactor, clarifier and chlorination tank (combined), and discharge. The system installed
in the Sta. Ana Market consists of the following sections, in order of wastewater flow: grease trap, bar
screen, lift station, equalization tank, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), sequencing batch
January 31, 2019 77

reactor, clarifier, chlorine contact chamber, and discharge. A grease trap is a simple tank, one or two
chambers, with influent and effluent pipes positioned fairly deep below the anticipated water level.
Since grease (oil) floats on water, influent grease rises to the surface and is trapped there, while the
remaining wastewater exits through the sunken effluent pipe.
Bar screens are located at each main inlet area to the equalization tanks, in order to filter out any large
floatable debris, such as garbage, meat/fish trimmings, or other solids that could clog the rest of the
treatment system. These screens are manually cleaned on a regular basis. The lift station is a simple
chamber containing paired automatic pumps that serve to pump the collecting wastewater to the
equalization tank of the system. The pumps switch on as the chamber fills up because of floats that rise
with the water level and trigger the pump switch. They likewise switch off as the floats lower with the
falling water level.
The equalization tank serves as a wastewater retention point and an area for control of influent
fluctuations, and allows a relatively constant flow of wastewater to proceed to the subsequent 6 | Page
chambers (rather than having high flows during peak hours and no flow during nighttime). This unit is
single-chambered for these projects. The anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) (Muntinlupa project only) is
one of the main treatment technologies used in DEWATS. As the name implies, this multi-chambered
tank is closed from the air and anaerobic. Wastewater flows slowly up (and back down through pipes)
through its several identical chambers, each time entering the chamber at its bottom, where it passes
through the accumulated sludge. This allows solids to settle out into the sludge and anaerobic bacteria
living in the sludge to degrade much of the harmful organic and chemical components of the
wastewater. The number of chambers can vary depending on available land area, wastewater strength,
and funds – this project uses a 4 chamber ABR.
The UASB is a single-chambered tank with a baffled configuration near the top of the water level.
Anaerobic wastewater is introduced along the bottom of the tank at evenly spaced inlets. It then flows
upward through (once established) an layer of anaerobic sludge that has accumulated there, during
which time anaerobic bacteria established in the sludge decompose much of the organic and chemical
compounds of the wastewater. This degradation generates biogas (mainly composed of methane and
carbon dioxide gases), the bubbles of which rise upward in the tank and provide natural mixing to the
liquid above the sludge layer. The baffles then direct the gas bubbles toward the top and center of the
tank, where there is situated a ‘three-phase separator’ / ‘gas cap’. The biogas mainly enters this cap and
can be harnessed for use in lighting or cooking. Meanwhile, the baffled nature of the gas cap prevents
much of the remaining solids from continuing on with the liquid effluent to the next tank. The liquid,
though, is able to move around the baffles and continue upward to the top of the tank, where it spills
over into weirs that carry it to the next tank. This tank can provide 50-70% treatment of the wastewater,
especially in terms of BOD, COD, and TSS values.
The sequencing batch reactor (SBR), as the name implies, is a chamber that treats wastewater in
batches, not continuously, using an activated sludge process. The activated sludge process consists of an
open-air tank that is vigorously aerated from air injection pipes located at the tank’s bottom. When
aeration like this is controlled at a certain rate, the environment created is very favourable for the
growth of aerobic bacteria. These bacteria clump together in groups known as ‘flocs’ – staying
suspended in the tank due to the aeration – and consume the organic compounds and nutrients (such as
ammonia) present in the wastewater. These organic compounds are primarily responsible for the
January 31, 2019 78

magnitude of the wastewater’s BOD and COD (biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand)
values. These are two of the main values measured when treating wastewater, since, if untreated, these
organic compounds degrade in the water body they are disposed into and can reduce or eliminate
oxygen in the water and cause the death of much of the marine or river life that was present. For SBRs,
the stages of this cycle are: 1) Filling: the SBR is filled with pre-treated wastewater from the UASB, 2)
Reaction: the filled tank is aerated vigorously, prompting the growth of flocs; length of time aerated
depends on tank volume and desired treatment level, 3) Settling: aeration is then stopped and flocs are
allowed to settle for around 1 hour, leaving clear effluent on top of a sludge blanket, 4) Decanting:
effluent is pumped out of the tank through a pump that draws out the effluent from the top of the
water level in a manner so as to not disturb the sludge blanket at the bottom, 5) Idling: the SBR idles
until it is time for the next cycle, and 6) Sludge Wasting: excess sludge is periodically removed from the
tank (automatically through the base), which maintains floc growth and effluent quality; the sludge can
be recycled back through the system or dried and composted separately. The decanted effluent then
passes to the clarifier.
The clarifier tank consists of an open-air tank that can be simply an open tank for gradual settling or can
be filled with baffles (a lamella clarifier), which encourage the settling of any remaining flocs and solids.
The chlorination tank or contact chamber (Sta. Ana and San Fernando only) consists simply of a tank and
device that applies chlorine to the wastewater at a fixed rate, to kill any remaining pathogens or
bacteria in the water. After a resting period for the chlorine to again dissipate, the effluent can then be
discharged or recycled for toilet flushing.
In Muntinlupa, a cocopeat filter was built for demonstration purposes and used for about one year.
Treated wastewater dripped through a box containing cocopeat, which is the dust left over when
coconut husks are processed to remove the coco coir or fibers. It is normally discarded as waste
material. This material functions as an efficient filter to polish the wastewater before the effluent is
either reused or discharged. The treated wastewater was reused for toilet flushing for about a year,
then the flushing system in the restroom broke down (due to undisciplined use) and the market
management decided not to repair it. Treated wastewater is currently used for cleaning the streets
within the market complex
January 31, 2019 79

A PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF CARBON MARKET COMPLEX DESIGN 07
BIBLIOGRAPHY
National Building Code of the Philippines
National Market Code
National Fire Code
Plumbing Code of the Philippines
Mechanical Engineering Of the Philippines
Sanitary Code of the Philippines
Feasibility Report & Development Plan of Salt Lake Market – by Market Ventures Inc.
ARCHITECTURE AS A CONNECT: A restaurant & Public Market – Christopher Carlton Reel
A proposed Public Market & Terminal in Carcar, Cebu City – Ian Illustrimo
A Proposed Optimum Development Plan for F. Ramos Public Market – Presented by Ms.
Rachelle L. Gurdiel
Proposal for hawker's pavements, Bombay, India Source: Cantacuzino, S. editor. (1984). Charles
Correa. Mimar Book, Concept Media, Singapore.
Details of small market stalls (2 x 1 metres) in timber construction, Castries Central Market, St.
Lucia. Source: FAO (PFL/RLA/001). Ian Marshall, Architect.
New covered stalls, the Market Place, Norwich, Norfolk, England Source: Bowne, K. (1965).
Norwich Ring and Loop. The Architectural Review, Volume 138, Number 821, July 1965
Design for a small-scale covered municipal market, Sri Lanka Source: Author
Source: (Gurdiel, 1986)
Source:
http://www.fao.org/docrep/V8390E/V8390E08.htm?fbclid=IwAR3atY52E607YKLAEqAp9jzQZU2
0Uzm2qIXMhAJys9seZWI7tGvCSN1IyAA
Source: Wikipedia.com
Source: http://europe-re.com/the-psychology-of-shopping/63584
Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marketpsychology.asp
January 31, 2019 80


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UNIVERSITY OF SAN CARLOS -

CARBON MARKET COMPLEX

TTH 1:30 PM – 6:30 PM

ARCHT. ELEAZAR LARA

LELINA, LEANDRE CAESAR B.

MANILA, ANDREANA EUNICE B.

PARADO, FRANCIS PIO T.

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER IV: DATA PRESENTATION & ANALYSIS

Public Markets in short consist of 3 main ideas:

• Allow functions that accommodate users even when it is jampacked.

January 31, 2019 1

I.A. RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

January 31, 2019 2

I.B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

I.B.1. MAIN PROBLEM

- What possible benefits will any kind of user gain?

January 31, 2019 3

I.C. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

I.D. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

January 31, 2019 4

I.E. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

January 31, 2019 5

I.F. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Architectural Determinism: is a theory employed in urbanism, sociology and environmental psychology

Public transport: a mode of transportation like jeepneys, tricycles, vans, etc.

Stabilize: making the certain place in a state of control while observing it

Complaints: a state of being insecure about something while creating judgement

Mobility: being able to conduct movement on a cycle without being interrupted

Systematic: organization of proper ways in order to acquire an accordingly implementation

Smoke Belching: is usually the bad smoke coming from cars.

Optimum: most conducive to a favorable outcome

Entice: attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage.

January 31, 2019 6

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

These different research materials that we have gathered are:

• A PROPOSED OPTIMUM REDEVELOPMENT IN F. RAMOS CEBU CITY

II.B. A PROPOSED OPTIMUM REDEVELOPMENT IN F. RAMOS PUBLIC MARKET

The Dry Goods Stands are displayed

1. A good display of good enticing

January 31, 2019 8

II.B. A PROPOSED PUBLIC MARKET AND TERMINAL IN CARCAR CEBU CITY

January 31, 2019 9

The Theoretical & Conceptual Framework

January 31, 2019 10

Building Techniques & Technologies for the Carcar Public Market

Public markets in the Philippines

1. Avoid heat gain

2. Encourage natural ventilation

• Orient the building and windows towards prevailing easterly winds

3. Make use of natural light

• Install shaded windows.

4. Create cool outdoor areas

January 31, 2019 11

II.D. A THESIS IN ARCHITECTURE: ARCHITECTURE AS A CONNECTION, A

Architecture in this Post-Graduate thesis supplies information as to how the

January 31, 2019 12

• Different knowledge claims

• direct observation of behaviors

& the following can be used as also sources of data:

III.B. RESEARCH DESIGN/ FRAMEWORK

III.C. RESEARCH PROCEDURES