MODULE 4

With corrections 

COURSE: Basic Internal Security Operations Course (BISOC)

Module 4. Tactical Skills

Lesson Plan

Topic: Individual Day and Night Training

Lesson Plan Number: 4.2

Target Audience: BISOC Trainees

Venue: RSTU

Training Day Number:

Time Allotted: 2 hours

Instructional Method: Lecture / Discussion PE

Training Aids: Laptop, Multi-media projector, PA System

Trainee Requirements: Notebook and Ball pen

Issue Items: Handouts

Required Instructor Qualification: General Instructor

Specialized Instructor
Master Instructor

Coordination: Not necessary

Training Reference Used: SAF Commando Course Manual

Lesson Goal: This lesson is intended to equip the

trainees with the necessary knowledge
and skills on the concept and application of
the Day and Night Training.

Lesson Objectives:

After this lesson, the trainees will be able to:

L.O 1. Define and differentiate camouflage, concealment and cover.

L.O 2. Identify Acquire the fundamentals and techniques in performing
camouflaging, concealment and cover in a combat operation.
L.O 3. Explain and demonstrate the different arm and hand signals.

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Presentation Outline:

Topics Time Methodology

I. Introduction 5mins
II. Cover and Concealment 20mins Lecture/Discussion/Video

TP - 1:Define important terms used in Clip Presentation

the lesson
III. Movement by Day 15mins Lecture/Discussion/Video

TP – 2: Enumerate ways on how to Clip Presentation

move during day

IV. Using your Weapon 15mins Lecture/Discussion

TP – 3: Provide information on when

and how to use your weapon

V. Sound and Smell 10mins Lecture/Discussion

TP – 4: Enumerate ways how to identify

sounds in a combat operation

BREAK 10mins
VI. Estimating Distance 10mins Lecture/Discussion

TP – 5: Discuss steps in estimating

distance
VII. Navigation 10mins Lecture/Discussion

TP - 6:Discuss navigation through the

help of navigating tools

VIII. Night Training 10mins Lecture/Discussion

TP - 7:Discuss things that is needed to

be considered in doing night training

IX. Care of Weapons 10mins Lecture/Discussion

TP - 8:Enumerate and discuss the

procedures in taking care of your

weapon
X. Arm and Hand Signal 10mins Lecture/PE

TP - 9: Show the different Arm and

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 MODULE 4
Hand signals through labeled pictures
XI. Summary 5mins Lecture/Discussion

TP-10: Review important matters

discussed in the topic

* TP - Teaching Point 2hrs

Lesson Plan 4.2

Lesson Topic – Individual Day and Night Training

I. Introduction (5mins)

1. Prayer before the start of the class.

2. Introduce Instructor to the trainees.
 Name
 Designation/present unit assignment/work experience
 Educational background

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3. This lesson is intended to provide the trainees with an understanding on
the attributes of maneuver forces. with the necessary knowledge and
skills on the concept and application of the Day and Night Training.

II. Definition of Terms (Cover and Concealment) (20mins)

Cover- Protection from enemy, hostile fire. It could be natural or artificial.

Natural cover may be ravines or hollows and artificial cover may be trenches or
walls.

Concealment- Protection from the enemy observation. It may also be natural

or artificial. Examples of natural and concealment are the grasses, bushes or any
natural object that could be found on the ground. Examples of artificial concealment
are overhead covers.

How to Conceal:

 Avoid unnecessary movements.

 Use Available concealment.
I. Physical background is important.
II. Shadows help hide you.
 Stay low to observe.
 Expose nothing that shines.
 Keep off the skyline.
 Break the regular outlines of the object.

Correct battlefield position:

 Observe and fire around the side of the objects.

 Stay low to observe and fire whenever possible.
 Stay in the shadow when observing from a building.
 Select a good background before observing the top of an object.
 Avoid outstanding landmarks.

Camouflaging- Consist of measures you take to conceal yourself, equipment and

position from the enemy observation.

A. Rules in camouflaging:

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 Take advantage of all available natural concealment.
 Break up the form, shadow, texture and color object.
 Camouflage against ground or air observation.
 Camouflage your position as you prepare it.
 Do not use to much camouflage.
 When using grass, leaves and other natural materials make them look natural.
 If possible inspect your camouflage from the enemy’s view point after it is
completed.
B. Individual Camouflage:
 Camouflage your face, hands and body.
 Use Camouflage suit.
 Camouflage your equipment.
 Camouflage your position.

Instructor’s Note: Instructor will show video clips or pictures of

operatives in camouflage.

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 MODULE 4
III. Movement by Day:(15mins)

 Before leaving one concealment place, look over the ground to your front and
pick the next spot where you will stop.
 Tall grasses give concealment, but moving through it in a straight line may
make it move with unnatural motion thus attracting enemy’s attention.
 The flight of birds or movement of animals may attract the enemy’s attention.
 Loud noise, exploding shells, low flying planes may attract the enemy’s
attention. Take advantage of this to make your movement.
 When you come across plowed fields, follow the furrow as much as possible.
 When crossing roads and shallows fords select a place that give you the most
cover and concealment, cross by buddies as past you can.
 Avoid loose stones or slippery slopes.
 Carry only prescribed and necessary equipment.

Instructor’s Note: Instructor will show clips of operatives moving by day

and emphasized it to trainees

IV. Using your Weapon:(15mins)

 Keep your weapon available at all times and always be ready to fire it.
 Exact, clear targets are seldom seen in the battlefield.
 Sometimes it is desirable to bring surprise fire on the enemy.

Instructor’s Note: Instructor will demonstrate when to use weapons as it

requires in the scenario

V. Sound and Smell:(10mins)

 Sounds are information to you. Learn to identify common sounds, cracking of
twig, click of a bolt, rattle of canteen. Sound can be heard better and there are
few sounds to interfere and the night air carries sound better.

Instructor’s Note: Instructor to make will administer a activity practical on

identifying sounds and smell

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VI. Estimating Distance:(10mins)

 Sound travels through the air at fairly constant speed about 300 meters per
second (1,000 feet). This makes it easy to estimate distance if you can see
and heard the station. Example, when you see the flash or smoke of a
weapon starts counting at the rate of four counts per seconds. The number
you are counting when you stop is the range to the weapon in hundreds of

Instructor’s Note: Instructor to show videos on the conduct of the lesson

which is estimating distance

meters.

VII. Navigation:(10mins)

A. Locating yourself:
 By proper use of map and compass.
 By recalling the terrain you have passed.
B. Finding and maintaining direction:
 Compass is the best in maintaining direction.
 The sun, star, constellation, Cassiopeia and the southern cross can be used
to find direction
Instructor’s Note: ?

VIII. Night Training:(10mins)

A. Principles of Night Vision:

 Dark adoption.
 Off-center vision.
 Confidence.
 Scanning.
B. Factors affecting Night Vision:
 Lack of Vitamin A and B.
 Colds, headaches and fatigue.

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 Narcotics, heavy smoking and excessive use of intoxicating liquors.
 Expose to bright lights for extended period of time.
C. Concealment at Night:
 Darkness provides most of the concealment at night.
 Keep all lights concealed.
 Take advantage of the blinding effects of the burst of lights.
 Use camouflage to hide yourself in darkness.
 Pay as much attention to background at night.
D. Rules for night movement:
 Move by touching distance.
 Be guided on prominent terrain features.
 Move in the open as much as possible.
 Take advantage of sounds.
 Do not run at night when necessary.
 Rifle sling may or may not remain on the rifle while on patrol.
E. How to Move at Night:
 Walking at night.
 Going into prone position at night.
 Crawling at night.
F. How to pass obstacle at night:
 Avoid obstacle whenever possible.
 You may be able pass over or under wires.
G. How to know your position:
 Always keep track or where you are and the direction to the other place in the
area.
 Use terrain features to keep direction at night.
 Choose a route that you can easily follow.
 Maps and compass are good aid in maintaining direction.
 When moving at night, stop often.
H. Security at night:
 Know the challenge and password.
 Use buddy system.
 Rotate watch and rest period with your buddy.

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 To warn you or approaching enemy, put some tin cans containing few pebbles
to the wire near your position.
 Watch for enemy trip flare when moving at night.

Instructor’s Note: ?

IX. Care of Weapons(10mins)

Your weapon functions best when properly maintained, protect it from the weather.

Keep it free of sand, dirt, and mud. Do not abuse it or let others to abuse it.

Keep the working parts, sights, and the bore clean at all times.

Oil on your weapon evaporates quickly in hot climates. Check it often—a dry weapon
quickly develops trouble.

Keep your weapon in the shade.

Instructor’s Note: ?

X. Arm and Hand Signals(10mins)

DANGER AREA PLATOON LEADER COME TO ME

TRACK JUNTIONS AND OBSTACLE GIVE COVERING FIRE RECON AND OBSERVE
FREEZE AND LISTEN SKIRMISH LEFT SKIRMISH RIGHT
HOUSE HUT OR STRUCTURE ENGAGE PREPARE TO ENGAGE
ENEMY SIGHTED CIVILIANS SIGHTED ALERT
FREEZE LONG HALT SHORT HALT
MOVE BACK HALT MOVE FORWARD

XI. SUMMARY(5mins)

The lesson discussed emphasizes the importance of cover and concealment

as to its application in a combat operation. The lesson also mentioned highlighted
the different ways on how to move during day time and as to how to locate your
distances in a given place.

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Having been empowered with the essential knowledge and information’s
pertaining to the discussed topic, perform the things to be observed in concealing
yourself in a combat operation, guided by the topic discussed in the module.

Note: on the sequence of numbering.

I.
1.
a.
b.
1)
2)
a)
b)
i.
ii.
aa.
bb.

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