1

Business Opportunities between Colombia and Asia

Economic Bloc Asean and Colombia Study

Presented by:

William Muñoz Cuervo Code 1621026158

Delgado García Jhonnathan Steven Code
1611022770 Arévalo Peña Henry Orlando
Code 1811982534 Vásquez Rojas Jimmy
Julián Code 1621022938
Álvarez Moreno Jenny Marcela Code
1621024122

Tutor: Balzan Alexander

Polytechnic Gran Colombian University

Institution Undergraduate Program
June 2020
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Contenido
Contenido..........................................................................................................................................2
Economic Bloq ASEAN...................................................................................................................2
Singapore......................................................................................................................................2
Vietnam.........................................................................................................................................3
Indonesia.......................................................................................................................................4
Laos...............................................................................................................................................4
Malaysia........................................................................................................................................5
Myanmar......................................................................................................................................5
Cambodia......................................................................................................................................6
Philippines....................................................................................................................................7
Thailand........................................................................................................................................7
Brunei............................................................................................................................................8
Analysis of the Economic Trends....................................................................................................9
Indonesia – Laos...........................................................................................................................9
Singapore – Vietnam..................................................................................................................10
Thailand – Burnie.......................................................................................................................11
Philippines – Cambodia.............................................................................................................11
Malasya – Myanmar..................................................................................................................12

Economic Bloq ASEAN

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is made up of Vietnam, Brunei,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Singapore and Thailand
and aims to tackle today's challenges in a coordinated way, from the collaboration and
constant communication between the states. Below you will find a short description of each
country and the relasionship with Colombia.

Singapore.
Exports: In 2019, exports in Singapore fell 0.18% over the previous year. Foreign sales
represent 105.03% of its GDP, a very high percentage if we compare it with that of the rest
of the countries. It is ranked number 2 out of 191 countries in the ranking of exports with
respect to GDP.
The most recent exports are led by the export of Electronic Integrated Circuits and
Microstructures, which represents 36% of Singapore's total exports, followed by Petroleum
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oils and bituminous minerals, except crude oils; preparations not elsewhere specified or
included, containing 70% or more by weight of petroleum oils or oils obtained from
bituminous minerals, in which these oils represent 13.4%.[ CITATION OEC201 \l 9226 ]

Imports: In 2019 exports in Vietnam grew by 14.4% over the previous year. Foreign
sales represent 101.01% of its GDP, a very high percentage compared to that of the rest of
the countries. It is ranked number 3 out of 191 countries in the ranking of exports with
respect to GDP.

The most recent imports are led by Integrated Circuits and Electronic Microstructures,
which represents 19.7% of Singapore's total imports, followed by Petroleum oils and
bituminous minerals, except crude oils; preparations not elsewhere specified or included,
containing 70% or more by weight of petroleum oils or oils obtained from bituminous
minerals, in which these oils represent 15.2%.[ CITATION DAT20 \l 9226 ]

Vietnam
Exports: In 2019 exports in Vietnam grew by 14.4% over the previous year. Foreign sales
represent 101.01% of its GDP, a very high percentage compared to that of the rest of the
countries. It is ranked number 3 out of 191 countries in the ranking of exports with respect
to GDP.
With a figure of 236,063 million euros, Vietnam occupies a relevant place in the ranking
of countries by volume of exports.

The most recent exports are led by the export of Radiotelephony, radiotelegraphy, radio
broadcasting or television transmitting apparatus, including with incorporated sound
recording or reproducing or receiving apparatus; television cameras; camcorders, including
still images; digital cameras, accounting for 13.9% of Vietnam's total exports.[ CITATION
EOC20 \l 9226 ]

Imports: In 2019 imports in Vietnam grew by 13.08% over the previous year. Purchases
abroad represent 98.17% of its GDP, a very high proportion compared to that of the rest of
the countries, which places it in position 189 out of 191 countries, in the ranking of imports
with respect to GDP, ordered from less than higher percentage.
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The most recent imports are led by Electronic Integrated Circuits and Microstructures,
which represents 7.65% of Vietnam's total imports, followed by Electrical Telephony or
Wire Telegraph Apparatus, including Wireless Headset User Phones with Microphone and
carrier telecommunication or digital telecommunication apparatus; videophones, which
represents 5.01%.[ CITATION DAT201 \l 9226 ]

Indonesia
Country made up of seventeen thousand five hundred and eight islands, it is a
democratic republic, its majority of inhabitants are Muslim, it is home to many ethnic
groups that speak different languages, it is located between india and the pacific ocean, its
capital is Jakarta, the official language It is Indonesian, they mainly practice Islam, it is the
fourth most populous country in the world with about 264,162,000 inhabitants, its local
currency is the Indonesian rupiah. It is the largest economy in Southeast Asia, the service
sector is the largest in this economy, it represents 45.3%, followed by industry that
represents 40.7%, agriculture employs more people in that country that the rest of the
sectors are strong in the exploitation and exploitation of Hullas, briquettes, ovoids and solid
fuels, palm oil in all its versions is another source of economy of indonesia.[ CITATION
Eri14 \l 9226 ]

The main export destinations of Indonesia are: China, the USA, Japan, India, Singapore,
Malaysia and Thailand, the exports of the last comparable year were 149.617,700 million
Euros, while the imports were higher, in a total of 152,503,300 million Euros, this tells us
that there is a deficit in the trade balance in this country.

The commercial opportunities with Colombia are many in technological products

produced at low cost in this country and that can supply needs in our country, for the export
opportunities from Colombia to Indonesia, they are more of indigenous agricultural
products and flowers.[ CITATION Leg12 \l 9226 ]

Laos.
It is located in Southeast Asia, borders Burma and China, has an estimated population of
about 6,758,353 inhabitants, its official language is Lao, the capital is Vientian, it is a
country with a socialist identity, its economy is based on agricultural subsistence that is to
say that they cultivate to supply their basic needs, it is listed as one of the countries with
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less economic freedom within its inhabitants, its main export products are copper and
rubber, there is a deficit in its trade balance, since This country imports 98% of basic
products to sustain the country.[ CITATION OEC20 \l 9226 ][ CITATION DAT192 \l 9226 ]

Malaysia
It is one of the 49 countries that make up the Asian continent, has an area of 323,837
km2, its current population is 32,671,000 million inhabitants, its capital of Kuala Lumpur
being the economic focus of the country and in turn it is the most populous , their religion
is Islam and their language is Malay, they have a parliamentary system of government, is a
industrialized country p Since it is one of the three countries that control the Malacca Strait,
international trade is an essential part of its economy, it is one of the main exporters of tin,
rubber and palm oil. Its great biodiversity of flora and fauna make it a privileged country as
is the case of Colombia, along with the Pacific Alliance and ASEAN have adopted
mechanisms with an emphasis on economic, educational, sustainable development, science
and technology issues. As a result of this bi-regional dialogue, the Pacific-ASEAN alliance
work plan for the years 2017-2018 was extended until December 2019 and under the
presidency of Colombia in the second half of 2020, the successful Plan will be continued.
Bilateral relations with Malaysia will be fostered since not enough emphasis has been
placed so far, seeking novel mechanisms that will improve the political approach and
achieve more opportunities for trade, investment and technological exchange. Likewise,
relations with the traditional and strategic partners of the country will continue to be
deepened.[ CITATION Wik20 \l 9226 ]

Myanmar
It is a Southeast Asian nation with more than 100 ethnic groups, bordering on India,
Bangladesh, China, Laos, and Thailand. Yangon is the country's largest city, boasting
overflowing markets, numerous parks and lakes, and the towering gold-covered Shwedagon
Pagoda, which contains Buddhist relics and dates back to the century.

SAW. It has an area of 676,578 km² and a population in 2017 of about 54 million
inhabitants. Its capital since 2005 is Naipyidó its most populous city. Its main export
products are minerals such as jade, gems, natural gas, and oil. In 2013 , its GDP stood at
56.7 billion US dollars and its PPP GDP at 221.5 billion. The income gap in Burma is
among the widest in the world, as a large proportion of the economy is controlled by
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supporters of the previous military government. From 2016, Burma ranks 145th out of 188
human developing countries. Colombia, since November 28, 1988, maintains relations in
The last meeting highlighted the 30 years of relations between both countries and addressed
issues on the bilateral agenda such as opportunities to strengthen trade and investment, and
visa facilitation, among others, also discussed issues of cooperation such as construction of
peace, the teaching of Spanish as a foreign language through the ELE Focalae programs
and the teaching of the language to public officials, academic mobility and cooperation in
heritage management, among others, the achievements made were highlighted and the
opportunities for relationships between the regional integration mechanisms, ASEAN and
the Pacific Alliance. [ CITATION CAN181 \l 9226 ]

Cambodia
Cambodia, located in Southeast Asia, has an area of 181,040 km2. Its capital is Nom Pen
and its currency is Cambodian Rieles. Cambodia is the 109th economy by volume of GDP.
Its public debt in 2018 was 5,925 million euros, with a debt of 28.64% of GDP. Its debt per
capita is € 365 euros per inhabitant. As for the Human Development Index or HDI, which is
prepared by the United Nations to measure the progress of a country and which ultimately
shows us the standard of living of its inhabitants, it indicates that Cambodians have a poor
quality of life.[ CITATION DAT202 \l 9226 ]

Exports: In 2019 exports in Cambodia grew 17.04% over the previous year. Foreign
sales represent 51.96% of its GDP. The top exports of Cambodia are Knit Sweaters
($2.44B), Knit Women's Suits ($1.75B), Non-Knit Women's Suits ($1.56B), Knit T-shirts
($1.25B), and Non-Knit Men's Suits ($956M). The top imports of Cambodia are Gold
($5.7B), Light Rubberized Knitted Fabric ($1.96B), Refined Petroleum ($1.96B), Cars
($629M), and Flavored Water ($507M)..[ CITATION DAT193 \l 9226 ]

Imports: In 2018 Cambodia imported $24B, making it the number 71 trade destination
in the world. During the last five reported years the imports of Cambodia changed by
$8.52B from $15.5B in 2013 to $24B in 2018. The most recent imports of Cambodia are
led by Gold ($5.7B), Light Rubberized Knitted Fabric ($1.96B), Refined Petroleum
($1.96B), Cars ($629M), and Flavored Water ($507M). The most common import partners
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for Cambodia are Thailand ($7.62B), China ($6.02B), Singapore ($4.77B), Hong Kong
($961M), and Chinese Taipei ($698M).[ CITATION OEC19 \l 9226 ]

Philippines
The Philippines' gross domestic product in 2018 has grown by 6.2% compared to 2017.
This is a rate 5 tenths lower than that of that year, when it was 6.7%. The absolute value of
GDP in the Philippines grew € 2,661M compared to 2017. The Philippines' GDP per capita
in 2018 was € 2,626, € 18 lower than in 2017, when it was € 2,644. If we order the
countries that we publish based on their GDP per capita, the Philippines is in 134th place,
so that its inhabitants have, according to this parameter, a low level of wealth in relation to
the 196 countries for which we publish this data. In 2018 the public debt in the Philippines
was 109,012 million euros, it decreased 1,836 million since 2017 when it was 110,848
million euros. This has grown since 2008 in terms of global debt, when it was 61,555
million euros, although it has decreased as a percentage of GDP, which that year was
52.14% of GDP.[ CITATION EOC19 \l 9226 ]

Thailand
Thailand, located in Southeast Asia, has an area of 513,120 km2. Capital: Bangkok,
Population: 67,793,000, Area: 513,120 km2. Currency: Bahts (1 EUR = 35,2040 THB),
Religion: mostly Buddhism. In 2018 Thailand was the number 19 economy in the world in
terms of GDP (constant 2011 international USD), the number 22 in total exports, the
number 23 in total imports, and the number 28 most complex economy according to the
Economic Complexity Index (ECI).

Exports: In 2018 Thailand exported a total of $262B, making it the number 22 exporter
in the world. During the last five reported years the exports of Thailand have changed by
$19.8B from $242B in 2013 to $262B in 2018.The top exports of Thailand are Office
Machine Parts ($18.6B), Cars ($10.9B), Integrated Circuits ($9.54B), Delivery Trucks
($9.21B), and Vehicle Parts ($8.23B).

Imports: In 2018 Thailand imported $227B, making it the number 23 trade destination
in the world. During the last five reported years the imports of Thailand changed by -
$10.1B from $237B in 2013 to $227B in 2018.The top imports of Thailand are Crude
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Petroleum ($23.7B), Integrated Circuits ($9.57B), Gold ($7.94B), Petroleum Gas ($6.96B),
and Vehicle Parts ($6.58B). [ CITATION EOC191 \l 9226 ].

Brunei
Located in Southeast Asia, it has an area of 5,770 km2, which places it among the
smallest countries in the world. Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan, Population: 442,000, Area:
5,770 km2, Currency: Brunei dollars, Religion: Mostly Islam. In 2018 Brunei was the
number 125 economy in the world in terms of GDP (constant 2011 international USD), the
number 104 in total exports, and the number 134 in total imports. In 2018, Brunei exported
$6.39B and imported $4.69B, resulting in a positive trade balance of $1.7B.

Exports: The top exports of Brunei are Petroleum Gas ($3.05B), Crude Petroleum
($2.74B), Acyclic Alcohols ($253M), Aircraft Parts ($31.9M), and Spark-Ignition Engines
($25.3M).

Imports: The top imports of Brunei are Planes, Helicopters, and/or Spacecraft ($444M),
Refined Petroleum ($273M), Iron Structures ($197M), Cars ($190M), and Other Heating
Machinery ($180M).[ CITATION EOC192 \l 9226 ]
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Analysis of the Economic Trends

The economy of this economic group is the sixth economy in the world, always seeking
to integrate more businesses in favor of development and sustainability that help to
generate higher dividends, it is currently one of the groups with more sustainability and
development in the world.

In total they have a population of 634 million people, a GDP of 2.6 billion dollars and
foreign trade of 2.5 million dollars, in the last decade the ASEAN economic group grew by
6%, something that is higher than any regional organization.

By 2050, it is expected to have a group GDP of 9.2 trillion dollars would be a fourth place
in the world ranking.[ CITATION Gra20 \l 9226 ]

Table 1. Economic trends ASEAN

gdp per total debt debt (% deficit (%
annual gdp
  population capita hdi (m. €) gdp) gdp)
burma - myanmar 53.708.395 58.144m.€ 1.083 € 0,578 22.180 38,16% -3,01%
brunei 442.000 11.489m.€ 25.992 € 0,853 297 2,59% -3,56%
cambodia 16.249.798 20.698m.€ 1.274 € 0,582 5.925 28,64% 0,72%
philippines 106.651.922 280.119m.€ 2.626 € 0,699 109.012 38,92% -1,63%
indonesia 264.162.000 999.916m.€ 3.785 € 0,694 260.433 30,09% -1,75%
laos 7.062.000 15.343m.€ 2.173 € 0,601 8.434 55,80% -4,66%
malasia 32.385.000 303.757m.€ 9.380 € 0,802 168.649 55,57% -3,31%
singapure 5.639.000 332.330m.€ 58.934 € 0,932 352.412 113,63% 3,72%
thailand 67.793.000 427.572m.€ 6.307 € 0,755 177.592 42,08% 0,06%
vietnam 95.540.395 204.295m.€ 2.138 € 0,694 113.620 58,22% -1,96%
total. 649.633.510 2.653.662m.€ 4.085 €   1.218.553 45,92%  
[ CITATION DAT192 \l 9226 ]

Indonesia – Laos

table 2. description main specialization patterns Indonesia and Laos

  Indonesia Laos
imports 152.503,2 m.€ 5.350,6 m.€
exports 149.617,7 m € 5.252,3 m €
pib annual 999.916m.€ 15.343m.€
currency Indonesian rupees kip
general economy growing growing
external debt 260.433 m 8.434
main businesses agriculture and automotive sustainable agriculture
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0
religion mostly Islam mostly Buddhism
reference: [ CITATION Dat20 \l 9226 ]
The main products exported to the world by Indonesia were, coal, even pulverized, palm
oil, natural gas. Indonesia imported Petroleum or bituminous mineral oils, crude petroleum
or bituminous mineral oils, parts of electrical telephony or telegraph apparatus, common
wheat and meslin or tranquilon, gold for non-monetary use.

The main products exported to the world by Laos were, wood products, coffee,
electricity, tin, copper, gold, cassava. The main products imported by Laos were machines
and equipment, vehicles, fuel and consumer goods.[ CITATION Wor18 \l 9226 ]

Singapore – Vietnam

table 2. description main specialization patterns Singapore and Vietnam

Singapore Vietnam

imports 320.916,2 m.€ 226.800,0 m.€

exports 236.063,0 m.€ 236.063,0 m.€

pib annual 332.330m.€ 204.295m.€

currency singapore dollar vietnamese dong

general economy growing growing

external debt 352.412 113.620

main businesses integrated circuits and refined broadcasting equipment and

petroleum integrated circuits

religion mostly Buddhism mostly Buddhism

Reference : [ CITATION Dat201 \l 9226 ]
The main products exported to the world by Singapore are, monolithic integrated
circuits, petroleum or mineral oils, gold, radiotelephony receiver emitters, machine parts
and accessories. The main imported products are petroleum or bituminous mineral oils,
Crude petroleum or bituminous mineral oils, Gold for non-monetary use, turbojet or
turboprop.

The main export products for Vietnam were parts of electric phone devices, integrated
circuits, sports shoes, cashews. The main imported products are other monolithic integrated
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1
circuits, parts of electric telephony or telegraph apparatus, petroleum oils.[ CITATION
Wor18 \l 9226 ]

Thailand – Burnie
table 3. description main specialization patterns Thailand and Burnie
Thailand Burnie

imports 21.380,0 m.€ 226.800,0 m.€

exports 219.959,4 m.€ 236.063,0 m.€

pib annual 427.572.€ 11.489m.€

currency Bahts Dólares de Brunéi

general economy growing growing

external debt 352.412 113.620

religion Buddhism Islam

Reference : [ CITATION Dat201 \l 9226 ]
The main products exported to the world by Thailand are Parts and accessories of
machines, petroleum or mineral oils, Monolithic integrated circuits, semi-milled rice. The
top five imported gold products for non-monetary use, integrated circuits, radiotelephony
receiver emitters, petroleum or mineral oils. [ CITATION Wor18 \l 9226 ]

Philippines – Cambodia
table 4. description main specialization patterns Philippines and Cambodia
  Philippines Cambodia
Capita Manila Non Pem
Surface 300.000km2 181.040km2
Religion Christianity Buddhism
Unemployment rate 2,20% 0%
GDP per capita 2.626E 1.274E
Growth Rate 106.651.922 16.249.798
Currency Performance Philippine Peso The Riel
CPI inflation 11,40% 2,40%
Trade Balance -15,12% -23,23%
Imports  36,07%  75,18%
Exports 7,06%  51,96%
[ CITATION Dat20 \l 9226 ]
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2
The main products of Philippines export are monolithic integrated circuits, electrical
machinery parts, spark plug wire sets, the top imported products, mineral or petroleum oils,
airplanes and other air vehicles.

The main exported products: Trousers, T-shirts, textiles, Footwear with natural leather
sole. The main imported products, crude oil or bituminous mineral oils, raw, gold for non-
monetary use.[ CITATION Wor18 \l 9226 ]

Malasya – Myanmar
table 5. description main specialization patterns Malasya and Myanmar
  Malasya Myanmar
imports 183.116,1 M.€ 16.078,6 M.€
exports 212.769,3 M.€ 15.578,4 M.€
pib annual 168.649, 00 m.€ 22.180,0 m.€
currency Ringgits Kyats
general economy growing growing
15st place out of the 190 that 171st place out of the 190 that
make up the Doing Business make up the Doing Business
main businesses ranking ranking
religion Islam Buddhism
[ CITATION DAT202 \l 9226 ]

The main products exported to the world by Malaysia are: Monolithic integrated circuits,
Petroleum or mineral oils, Natural gas, Crude petroleum oils or bituminous minerals. The
main products imported by Malaysia are Monolithic Integrated Circuits, Petroleum Oils or
Bituminous Minerals.

The main products are: Myanmar exported Natural gas, Precious stones, Refined copper
Husked rice. The main imported products are petroleum oils or oils obtained from
bituminous minerals, woven synthetic fibers, sugars, not flavored or colored, fats and oils,
vegetables, medicines put up for retail sale.

[ CITATION Wor18 \l 9226 ]

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