Problem 1-3.

A force of 60 kN is acting horizontally, then another force of 50 kN is acting upward to the

right. If the resultant of these two force is 95.4 kN.
1. At what angle does the resultant makes with the horizontal?
A. 170
B. 200
C. 250
D. 270
2. At what angle does the 50 kN force makes with the horizontal?
A. 200
B. 300
C. 400
D. 600
3. Compute the horizontal component of the resultant?
A. 80 kN
B. 85 kN
C. 89 kN
D. 95 kN

Problem 4-6. The resultant of the concurrent forces has a magnitude of 1000 kN and acts through the
origin and points x = 2, y = 3 and z = 4.

4. Which of the following gives the x-component of the resultant force.

A. 371.06 kN
B. 370.06 kN
C. 376.06 kN
D. 317.06 Kn

5. Which of the following gives the y-component of the resultant force.

A. 536.95 Kn
B. 550.59 Kn
C. 556.59 Kn
D. 565.59 Kn

6. Which of the following gives z-component of the resultant force.

A. 738.12 kN
B. 740.10 kN
C. 741.12 kN
D. 742.12 kN

Problem 7-9. A concurrent force system in space is composed of three forces described as follows. P 1 has
a magnitude of 100 kN and acts through the origin and points x=3, y = 4, z = 2. P 2 has a magnitude of 60
kN and acts through the origin and points x = 4, y = 1, z = -2. P 3 has a magnitude of 80 kN and acts
through the origin and points x = 2, y = -3, z = 3.

7. Which of the following gives the x=component of resultant force.

A. 140.18 kN
B. 142.18 kN
C. 143.81 kN
D. 148.18 Kn
8. Which of the following gives the y-component of resultant force.
A. 36.14 Kn
B. 36.41 Kn
C. 38.14 Kn
D. 38.41 Kn

9. Which of the following gives the z-component of resultant force.

A. 60.28 kN
B. 61.80 kN
C. 62.08 kN
D. 68.02 kN

10. A simple beam having a span of 6 m. has a weight of 20kN/m. it carries a concentrated load of 20kN
at the left end and 40kN at 2 m. from the right end of the beam. If it is supported at 2 m. from the left end
at the right end, compute the reaction at the right end of the beam.
A. 20 kN
B. 30 kN
C. 35 kN
D. 40 kN

11. Two cylinders having weights of 200 kN and 100 kN with radius of 100 mm and 200 mm respectively
are placed with the heavier weight above the lighter cylinder and both of them are placed in a container
having a width of 400 mm. Assuming the lengths of cylinders and container to be the same. Which of the
following gives the reaction on the walls of the container.
A. 60.71 kN
B. 70.71 kN
C. 77.71 kN
D. 80.71 kN
12. A 600-N block rests on a 300 plane. If the coefficient of static friction is 0.30 and the coefficient of
kinetic friction is 0.20, what is the value of P applied horizontally to prevent the block from sliding down
the plane.
A. 141.85 N
B. 145.85 N
C. 148.85 N
D. 151.85 N

PROBLEM 13-14. The coefficient of friction between rope and fixed post is 0.40. The rope is wrapped only
once around the post.

13. Which of the following gives the minimum tension in the rope at point A.
A. 61.15 N
B. 70.15 N
C. 71.15 N
D. 75.15 N

14. Which of the following gives the minimum tension in the rope at point B.
A. 10.25 N
B. 15.25 N
C. 18.25 N
D. 20.25 N

15. A force of 10 N is applied to one end of a 10 inches diameter circular rod. Calculate the stress.

A. 0.20 kPa C. 0.15 kPa

B. 0.05 kPa D. 0.10 kPa

16. Determine the outside diameter of a hollow steel tube that will carry a tensile load of 500 kN at a
stress of 140 MPa. Assume the wall thickness to be one-tenth of the outside diameter.

A. 111.3 mm C. 109.7 mm
B. 113.7 mm D. 112.4 mm

17. If the ultimate shear strength of a steel plate is 42,000 psi, what force is necessary to punch a 0.75-
inch diameter hole in a 0.625 inch thick plate?

A. 63, 000 C. 68, 080

B. 61, 850 D. 68, 800

18. What force is required to punch a ½ inch hole on a 3/8 thick plate if the ultimate shearing stress of
the plate is 42,000 psi?

A. 24,940 C. 24,620
B. 24,960 D. 24,740

19. A cylindrical water tank is 8m in diameter and 12 m high. If the tank is to be completely filled,
determine the minimum thickness of the tank plating if the stress is limited to 40 MPa.

A. 11.77 mm C. 13.18 mm
B. 10.25 mm D. 12.60 mm

20. The stress in a 90-cm diameter pipe having a wall thickness of 9.5 cm and under a static head of 70
m of water is?

A. 325 kPa C. 32.5 kPa

B. 32.5 MPa D. 3.25 MPa

21. A solid shaft 48.2 cm is used for a transmission of mechanical power at a rate of 37 kW running at
1760 rpm. The stress is 8.13 MPa. Calculate the diameter.

A. 30 mm C. 35 mm
B. 40 mm D. 50 mm

22. What is the modulus of elasticity if the stress is 44,000 psi and unit strain of 0.00105?

A. 41.905 x 10 6 C. 42.300 x 10 6
B. 41.202 x 10 6 D. 43.101 x 10 6

23. A hollow shaft has an inner diameter of 0.035 m and an outer diameter of 0.06 m. Compute for the
torque in N-m, if the stress is not to exceed 120 MPa.

A. 4500 C. 4100
 B. 4300 D. 4150

24. A 30-m long aluminium bar is subjected to a tensile stress of 172 MPa. Find the elongation if
E=69,116 MPa?

A. 0.746 m C. 0.007 m
B. 6.270 mm D. 7.46 m

25. A steel wire is 4.0 m long and 2 mm in diameter. How much is it elongated by a suspended body of
mass 20 kg? Young’s modulus for steel is 196,000 MPa.

A. 1.123 mm C. 1.385 mm
B. 1.374 mm D. 1.274 mm

Problem 26-28: A simply supported beam of length 7 m. has a concentrated couple M 0 of 10 kN.m applied
at one end. Assuming E = 200000 MPa, I = 60 x 106 mm4. Using Double- Integration method,

26. Which of the following is the location of maximum deflection from the applied load?
A. 2.95 m.
B. 3.00 m
C. 1.50 m
D. 2.75 m

27. Which of the following gives the max. deflection of the beam?
A. -1.20 mm
B. -2.10 mm
C. -2.62 mm
D. -2.96 mm

28. Which of the following gives the angle of rotation at the point where the couple is applied?
A. 0.05 o
B. 0.20 o
C. 0.21 o
D. 0.11o

Problem 29-31: A simply supported beam is supported at both ends. E = 2000 Gpa, I = 60 x 10 6 mm4. It
has a span of 12 m. and subjected to a concentrated load of 8 kN at a distance 3 m. from the right
support. Using Area- Moment method,

29. Which of the following gives the angle of rotation at A.?

A. 0.00305 rad.
B. 0.00375 rad.
C. 0.00573 rad.
D. 0.00750 rad.

30. Which of the following gives the location of the max. deflection?
A. 6.71 m.
B. 6.95 m
C. 7.10 m
D. 7.50 m

31. Which of the following gives the max. deflection of the beam?
A. 14.6 mm
B. 15.4 mm
C. 16.10 mm
D. 16.8 mm.

Problem 32-34: AB and BC are 2 spans of a fully continuous beam. AB is 10m. long carries a
concentrated load of 10 kN. applied 5m. from B, BC is 15m. long and carries a concentrated load of 20 kN
applied 9m. from B. If MA = - 20 kN.m and MC = - 25 kN.m. Using Three- Moment equation.

32. Which of the following gives the moment at B.?

A. 25.63 kN-m
B. 26.24 kN.m.
C. 27.40 kN-m
D. 30.72 kN-m

33. Which of the following gives the reaction at A.?

A. 3.80 kN
B. 4.03 kN
C. 4.38 kN.
D. 4.85 kN

34. Which of the following gives the reaction at C.?

A. 10.29 kN
 B. 10.92 kN
C. 11.29 kN
D. 11.92 kN.

Problem 35-36: A cantilever beam is carrying a concentrated load of P at the end of the free end. Using
Conjugate Beam method,

35. Which of the following gives the slope at the free end?
A. PL2
2EI
B. PL2
4EI
C. PL2
5EI
D. PL2
6 EI

36. Which of the following gives the deflection at the free end?
A. PL3
2EI
B. PL3
3EI
C. PL3
4EI
D. 2PL3
3EI

Problem 37-39: Classify each of the trusses in figures as stable, unstable, statically determinate, or
statically indeterminate. The trusses are subjected to arbitrary loadings that are assumed to be known
and can act anywhere on the trusses.

37. The truss in figure a is:

A. statically determinate
B. statically indeterminate to the second degree
C. statically indeterminate to the first degree
D. internally unstable
(a)
38. The truss in figure b is:
A. statically determinate
B. statically indeterminate to the second degree
C. statically indeterminate to the first degree
D. internally unstable

39. The truss in figure c is:

A. statically determinate
B. statically indeterminate to the second degree
C. statically indeterminate to the first degree
D. internally unstable

(b)

(c)

Problem 40-42: The beam is loaded as shown 3k

in the figure. Assume EI is constant. N 4kN
/m

Use Moment Distribution method.

5 3 5
m m m
A B C

40. Which of the following most nearly gives the fixed end moment at B due to the concentrated load.
A. 2.2 kN-m C. 3.1 kN-m
B. 4.6 kN-m D. 3.5kN-m

41. Which of the following most nearly gives the distribution factor at B for member AB in percent?
A. 62% C. 78%
B. 54% D. 38%

42. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at B in kN-m?
A.-7.62 C.-6.57
 B.-5.21 D.-8.97

Problem 43-45: For the truss shown in the figure:

Use E = 150 GPa.

D
60
kN

300mm 2
200mm 2
300mm 2
4m
300mm 2
A 300mm 2
6m
B
6m

100
kN
43. Determine the vertical deflection at B.

A. 52.3 mm
B. 41.3 mm
C. 60.4 mm
D. 75.4 mm

44. Determine the horizontal deflection at C.

A. 28 mm C. 42 mm
B. 21 mm D. 36 mm

45. Determine the horizontal deflection at D.

A. 25.3 mm C. 18.4 mm
B. 15.7 mm Ans. D. 20.9 mm

Problem 46-48: A simply supported steel beam is to be supported over an 8 m. span. It is to carry a total
uniformly distributed load of 40 kN/m on the beam. Assume the compression flange is laterally supported
throughout the whole span and the section is a compact section. Fy = 248 MPa, Fb= 0.66Fy. Allowable
1
deflection is 360 of span.

Section Ix(m4) d(m)

W 24 x 55 0.0005619 0.599
W 21 x 57 0.0004810 0.535
W 21 x 62 0.0005536 0.533
W 18 x 71 0.0004870 0.469

46. Which of the following gives the required section modulus?

A. 0.001955 m3 C. 0.001777 m3
B. 0.002000 m3 D. 0.002110 m3

47. Which of the following gives the required moment of inertia?

A. 0.00020 m4
B. 0.00065 m4
C. 0.00055 m4
D. 0.00048 m4

48. Which of the following gives the most economical section?

A. W 24 x 55 C. W 21 x 62
B. W 18 x 71 D. W 21 x 57

Problem 49-51: A beam having a simple span of 6 m. is loaded with a uniform load acting on the plane of
the minor axis of the beam section. The beam is restrained against lateral buckling of the top and bottom
flanges for the entire span.
Fy = 250 MPa, E = 200 000 MPa

Allowable stresses:
Flexural or bending stress = 0.66Fy
Shear stress = 0.40Fy

1
Allowable deflection = of span
360
Properties of Sheet Section:
Ix = 560 x 106 mm4
d = 550 mm
tx = 10 mm

49. Which of the following gives the maximum uniform load if the allowable flexural stress governs?
A. 74.67 kN/m C. 61.52 kN/m
B. 85.23 kN/m D. 91.02 kN/m

50. Which of the following gives the maximum uniform load if the allowable shear stress governs?
A. 155.12 kN/m C. 200.40 kN/m
B. 232.09 kN/m D. 183.33 kN/m

51. Which of the following gives the maximum uniform load if the allowable deflection governs?
A. 90.05 kN/m C. 180.25 kN/m
B. 110.62 kN/m D. 134.33 kN/m
Problem 52-54: A beam having a simple span of 6 m. carries a uniformly distributed load “W” throughout
its span, acting on the plane of the minor axis of the beam section. The beam is laterally supported
against lateral buckling of the top and bottom flanges for the entire span. Use A 36 steel with Fy = 248
MPa, E = 200000 MPa

Properties of steel section:

bf = 0.210 m. (flange width)
tf = 0.0174 m. (flange thickness)
Sx = 0.0023 m3 (section modulus)

52. Which of the following gives the actual flange width – thickness ratio of the beam?
130
A. = 10.07
2(12. 5)
210
B. = 6.03
2 ( 17 . 4 )
320
C. = 4.01
2(9 . 2)
450
D. = 8.01
2(20 .1)
53. Which of the following gives the allowable bending stress?
A. 98.68 MPa C. 163.68 MPa
B. 136.68 MPa D. 98.77 MPa

54. Which of the following gives the safe value of “w” to limit the flexural stress to the allowable value?
A. 100.01 kN/m C. 79.23 kN/m
B. 90.45 kN/m D. 83.66 kN/m

55. A wide flange section has a span of 6m. and has a thickness of web equal to 20 mm. The depth of the
wide flange section is 1,500 mm. If the beam carries a concentrated load of 1,600 KN at the center of the
beam, which of the following gives the shearing stress of the beam? Neglect weight of beam.
A. 26.7 MPa C. 44.4 MPa
B. 37.1 MPa D. 50.3 MPa

56. The “Slenderness Ratio” of a column is generally defined as the ratio of its:

A. unsupported length to its minimum radius of gyration

B. unsupported length to its maximum radius of gyration
C. length to its moment of inertia
D. length to its minimum width

57. Drying of concrete is accompanied by a reduction due to the capillary tension which develops in the
water remaining in the concrete. This property of concrete is detrimental which may cause unsightly and
often deleterious cracks if not controlled. This is called:

A. shrinkage
B. settlement
C. creep
D. temperature

58. In reinforced concrete construction, the nominal maximum size of coarse aggregates shall not be
larger than the following except:

A. 1/3 the depth of slab

B. 1/5 the narrowest dimension between side forms
C. ¾ the minimum clear spacing between individual reinforcing bars, or wires, bundles of bars
or prestressing tendons or ducts
D. D/4 distance between stirrups and ties

59. A rectangular footing 2 m by 1.5 m carries a vertical load of 500 kN and moment of 100 kN-m in the
longer direction of the footing. What is the maximum soil pressure under the footing?

A. 167 kN/m2
B. 267 kN/m2
C. 187 kN/m2
D. 287 kN/m2
60. The required stirrup spacing for a 10mm diameter ties in a reinforced concrete beam with beam depth
of 800 mm to carry the net shear of 83.8 kN, if fy = 200 MPa, is nearest to:

A. 100 mm
B. 200 mm
C. 150 mm
D. 300 mm

61. The ultimate strength Mu of a rectangular reinforced concrete beam, with steel strength fy = 250 MPa,
concrete strength fc’ = 40 MPa, reinforced with 10-40 mm diameter bars, d = 930 mm, b = 400 mm is
nearest to ______ in kN-m

A. 1,900
B. 2,300
C. 2,100
D. 2,500

62. The steel ratio of the 9 mm spiral reinforcement for a round column 600 mm in diameter, fy = 200
MPa, fc’ = 30 MPa is: (Assume concrete cover of 80 mm)

A. 0.011
B. 0.033
C. 0.022
D. 0.044

63. A reinforced concrete T-beam is to be designed for tension reinforcement only. The beam width is
250 mm and the effective depth is 400 mm. The flange thickness is 100 mm and its effective flange width
is 900 mm. The applied moment is 300 kN-m. The area of tension reinforcement required is: (Use fc’ =
20.7 MPa and fy = 414 MPa)

A. 1,865 mm2
B. 2,465 mm2
C. 2,165 mm2
D. 2,365 mm2

64. In reinforced concrete structural elements, the normal range of the factor of safety which can be
defined as the load factor U divided by the strength reduction factors “phi” are from the range:

A. 1.0 to 3.0
B. 1.55 to 2.40
C. 1.5 to 2.5
D. 2.0 to 4.0

65. A 200-mm by 400-mm concrete beam is prestressed with a final prestressing force of 500 kN at an
eccentricity of 100 mm below the neutral axis. Determine the maximum moment that will produce no
tension at the bottom fiber.

A. 63.33 kN-m
B. 83.33 kN-m
C. 73.33 kN-m
D. 93.33 kN-m

66. A reinforced concrete spiral column having a diameter of 500 mm carries an ultimate load Pu = 5,000
kN. If fc’ = 25 MPa, fy = 400 MPa, find the number of 28-mm diameter bars. Use ɸ = 0.75.

A. 12
B. 16
C. 14
D. 18

67. A type of beam failure initiated by crushing of the concrete. At this point, the steel strain ɛs will be
less than yield strain ɛy . Hence, steel stress will be lower than its yield strength. This type of failure
occurs when there is more reinforcement than required for balanced condition.

A. balanced section
B. under-reinforced section
C. cracked section
 D. over-reinforced section

68. The value of development length, if f s is the allowable tensile stress, u = anchorage bond, d b =
diameter of bar is expressed as,

A. 4fsdb / u
B. fsdb / u
C. fsdb / 2u
D. fsdb / 4u

69. A simply supported beam 400 mm x 800 mm and span of 10 m, is prestressed by a straight tendon
with a force of 1200 kN at an eccentricity of 200 mm from the centroid. The beam supports a total weight
of 40 kN/m including its own weight. Calculate the stress at the top fiber.

A. 9.844 MPa (Compression)

B. 13.594 MPa (Compression)
C. 9.844 MPa (Tension)
D. 13.594 MPa (Tension)

70. A reinforced concrete beam has the following properties:

Beam width, b = 320 mm
Effective depth, d = 640 mm
Concrete strength, fc’ = 25 MPa
Reinforcing steel strength, fy = 400 MPa

If the factored shear force at the critical section is 200,000 N, compute the nominal shear carried by the
shear reinforcement in kN according to the ACI specifications. Use β = 0.85.

A. 55.7 kN
B. 60.5 kN
C. 58.6 kN
D. 64.6 kN

71. Which of the following most nearly gives the basic development length for a 25-mm bar with fy = 414
MPa. Use fc’ = 27 MPa.

A. 680 mm
B. 880 mm
C. 780 mm
D. 980 mm

72. A simply supported beam of length L has a rectangular section with width b and depth d. The beam
carries a uniformly distributed load over the entire span. The ultimate flexural strength of the beam is Fy.
Which of the following gives the ultimate load for the beam:

A. 4Fybd2/3L2
B. Fybd2/3L2
C. 4Fybd2/L2
D. 3Fybd2/4L2

73. A tied column subject to combined axial load and end moments has the following properties:
Unsupported length, Lu = 5 m.
Effective length factor, K = 0.90
Flexural rigidity, EI = 7,500 x 109 N-mm2
Magnification factor, δ = 1.20
M1 = 200 kN-m
M2 = 250 kN-m
Cm = 0.6 + 0.4 (M1/M2)
Delta, δ = Cm / (1 – Pu/ɸPc)

Using ɸ = 0.7, find the ultimate load Pu that the column can carry.

A. 397 kN
B. 597 kN
C. 497 kN
D. 697 kN

74. The formula for the development length of 35 mm bar and smaller is:

A. (Asfy – As’fs’) / 0.85fc’ab

B. (As – As’) fy/ 0.85fc’b
 C. (Asfy – As’fs’) / 0.85fc’b
D. (As – As’) fy/ 0.85fc’ab

75. Which of the following is the formula to determine the depth of equivalent stress block in a doubly
reinforced beam.

A. 0.019 fy / sqrt(fc’)
B. 34 sqrt( fy ) / sqrt(fc’)
C. 26 fy / sqrt(fc’)
D. 0.06 Ab fy / sqrt(fc’)

Problem 76-78

A 150mm x 350mm wooden beam has a simple span of 4m. and the allow flexural stress, allow
L
shear and allow deflection are 24.5 MPa 2.49 MPa & respectively using E = 9.78 x 103 MPa.
360
DETERMINE THE FF:

76. Size Factor Adjustment

A. 0.89
B. 0.98
C. 0.79
D. 1.1

77. Max. Allow. Uniform distributed load entire the span, based on flexural stress with size factor
adjustment.
A. 36.76 kn/m
B. 47.8 kn/m
C. 26.8 kn/m
D. 56.7 kn/m

78. Max allow uniform distributed load based on allow. Deflection.

A. 17.47 kn/m
B. 20.4 kn/m
C. 27.5 kn/m
D. 15.5 kn/m

SITUATION 79-80

A 180 mm Diameter Circular Log is used as a column having an unsupported length of 3.5m (ke
= 0.80). If Fb = 16.5 MPa, Fc = 9.56 MPa and E = 7.31 x 103 MPa

79. Classify the Column

A. Short
B. Long
C. Intermediate
D. Not allowed by the code

80. Allow compressive Stress

A. 6 MPa
B. 9 MPa
C. 8 MPa
D. 7 MPa