Problems from Design of Machine Elements

V B Bhandari
Roll 17/ME/09
Sharthak Ghosh

Example 4.1: Two plates subjected to a tensile force of 50kN, are

fixed together by means of three rivets as shown. The plates and
rivets are made of plain carbon steel 10C4 with tensile yield strength
of 250 N/mm2. The yield strength in shear is 50% of the tensile yield
strength , and the factor of safety is 2.5. Neglecting stress
concentration, determine:
(i) The diameter of the rivets; and
(ii) The thickness of the plates.
Solution: For rivets,
τ= Ssy/(fs) = 0.5Syt/(fs) = 0.5(250)/(2.5) = 50N/mm2
Since there are three rivets,
3{[π/4]d2}τ = P or 3{[π/4]d2}50 = 50×103
d= 20.60mm or 22mm
For plates,
σ t = Syt/(fs) = 250/2.5 = 100 N/mm2
As shown,
σ t (200-3d)t = P or 100(200-3×22)
t = 50×103
So therefore t = 3.73mm or 4mm.
Example 4.7: The frame of a hacksaw is shown. The initial tension P
in the blade should be 300N. The frame is made of plain carbon steel
30C8 with tensile yield strength of 400N/mm2 and the factor of
safety is 2.5. The cross-section of the frame is rectangular with a
ratio of depth to width as 3, as shown. Determine the dimensions of
the cross-section.
Solution: The permissible stress is given by,
σ t = Syt/(fs) = 400/(2.5) = 160N/mm2.

The stresses at section consist of direct compressive stress and bending

stresses. The tensile stress is maximum at the lower fibre. At the lower fibre,

σ c = P/A = 300/(t)(3t) = 100/t2 N/mm2

σ b = Mby/I = (300×200)(1.5t)/[1/12(t)(3t)3] = 40000/t3 N/mm2.

Superimposing the two stresses and equating it to permissible stress,

(40000/t3) -(100/t2) =160

Or, 160t3+100t – 40000=0

Solving the equation by trial and error method,

t = 6.3mm.
Example 4.8: An offset link subjected to a force of 25kN as shown. It
is made of grey cast iron FG300 and the factor of safety is 3.
Determine the dimensions of cross-section of the link.

Solution: The permissible tensile stress in the link is given by,

σ t = Sut/(fs) = 300/3 = 100N/mm2.

The cross-section is subjected to direct tensile stress and bending stresses. The
stresses are maximum at the fibre. At the top fibre,

σ t = (P/A) + (Mby/I) = 25×103/(t)(2t) + 25×103(10+t)(t)/[1/12(t)(2t)3]

Equating (a) and (b),

12500/t2 + 37500(10+t)/t3 = 100

Or, t3-500t-3750 = 0

Solving the equation by trial and error method,

t = 25.5mm.
Example 4.11: A cantilever beam of rectangular cross-section is used
to support a pulley. The tension in the wire rope is 5kN. The beam is
made of cast iron FG 200 and the factor of safety is 2.5. The ratio of
depth to width of cross-section is 2. Determine the dimensions of
cross-section of the beam.

Solution: The beam is subjected to a bending moment and the allowable

bending stress is given by,

σ t = Sut/(fs) = 200/2.5 = 80N/mm2.

The forces acting on the beam are,

(Mb) at B = 5000×500 = 2500×103 N-mm

and (Mb) at A = 5000×500+5000×1500 = 10000×103 N-mm

The bending moment diagram where the cross-section at A is subjected to

maximum bending stress. For this cross-section,

d = 2w I = 1/12[(w)(2w)3] = 2/3 w4 mm4

and σ b = Mby/I or 80 = (10000×103)(w)/(2/3 w4)

therefore,

w = 57.24mm or 60mm

d = 2w= 120mm.