SAFETY MEASURES AND FIRST AID

SAFETY MEASURES

Detailed Project Safety plan is prepared and safety measures are to be adopted as per the Safety
Plan.

FIRST AID

1. Supplies to First Aid Box:

 Plastic bandages
 Transpore tape
 Alcohol preps
 Adhesive bandages
 Microspore tape
 bandages
 Iodine prep pads
 Fingertip bandages
 Sterile pads
 Antiseptic Tablets
 Knuckle bandages
 Antiseptic ointment
 Ammonia inhalant
 Sponge packs
 Instant ice packs
 Sterile eye wash
 Elastic bandages
 Eye pads
 Safety pins
 First aid cream
 Bandage scissors
 Tweezers
 Butterfly bandages
 Water tight utility
 box for contents
 Burn gel to treat burns
 Burn bandages
 Adhesive spots
 Extra-large strips
 Surgical tape
 Sponges
 Pain reliever
2. The key aims of first aid can be summarized in three key points
 Preserve life is the overriding aim of all medical care, including first aid, is to save lives
 Prevent further harm also sometimes called preventing the condition worsening; this
covers both external factors, such as moving a patient away from a cause of harm, and
applying first aid techniques to prevent worsening of the condition, such as applying
pressure to stop a bleed becoming dangerous.
 Promote recovery – first aid also involves trying to start the recovery process from the
illness or injury, and in some cases might involve completing a treatment, such as in the
case of applying a plaster to a small wound. First aid training often also incorporates the
prevention of initial injury and responder safety, as well as the treatment phases.
3. Type of Injury and First Aid.

3.1 Burns
Destruction of the skin & deeper tissues due to heat &loss of the blood fluids (plasma).

Causes of burns:
Fire
Hot liquids
Chemical substances
Hot objects
Radiation
Cool (freeze) substances
Electric current

Degrees of Burns

First degree:
Reddening of skin with severe pain.

Second degree:
Blister formations with severe pain.

Third degree:
Badly burnt part
No feeling of pain

First Aid for Burns

 Reassure the person & keep him in safe place
 Cool the burn area with running water
 Cover with sterile dressing
 Send to hospital if necessary

3.2 Bleeding
 The flow of blood outside the blood vessels.
Types of bleeding
1. External bleeding
2. Internal bleeding

First Aid for External Bleeding

 Apply direct pressure with the hand to the bleeding points with a sterile dressing for ten
minutes.
 Elevate the bleeding part & support in position unless fracture is suspected.
 If bleeding continues, apply further dressing.
 Hold firmly the pressure points if necessary above the wound
 The tourniquet is to be used only as the last resort for10 -20 minutes. Refer to hospital if
necessary.

Internal Bleeding
Invisible, unknown the source & more serious than external bleeding such as stomach
ulcer bleeding, lungs & closed fracture.

Signs & symptoms of internal.

1. Pale color.
2. Rapid weak pulse.
3. Rapid & shallow breathing.
4. Cold, clammy skin.
5. May feel pain in the bleeding part.
6. Restless, anxiety & thirst.
7. Sweating

First Aid for Internal Bleeding

Lay the person

On his back with raised
Do not give any thing by mouth
Reassure the person & transfer to hospital

3.3 Shock

Insufficient blood supplies to the brain, which controls the functions of the body vital
systems.

Causes of Shock
1. Pumping failure
In case of heart attack, electric shock
2. Loss of body fluids
In case of bleeding, severe burns, diarrhea & heavy sweating
3. Dilatation blood vessels
 In case of severe head injuries, poisons sever pain & emotions.

Signs & symptoms of shock

 Skin : Pale, cold & clammy

 Breathing : Rapid & shallow
 Pulse : Rapid & weak, Fainting & dizziness
 Unconsciousness (sometimes)

First Aid for Shock

 Lay the person down on his back & raise the lower limbs
 Cover him with blanket
 Loosen clothing on chest, waist & neck
 Do not give any thing by mouth
 In case of heart attack, keep in sitting position
 Get Medical Help

3.4 Air Way Obstruction/Chocking

Definition
Choking occurs when a foreign body becomes lodged in the windpipe causing
obstruction of the airway

Causes:
Foreign bodies, such as coins, false teeth & food in unconscious stage, the tongue will
drop backwards intoxication with alcohol drinks or drugs.

First Aid for Obstruction

Let the casualty try to expel the object if he can cough.
If the casualty is conscious, use the abdominal thrusts
If the casualty become unconscious, place him on the
Floor & continue the pressure on the abdomen.