UNIT III

ARRAYS AND STRINGS

Arrays
An array is collection of similar data items that are stored under a common name.
Each array element is referred by specifying the array name followed by one or more
subscript ([ ]).
Syntax
datatype array_name[size of array];
Example
int arr[10]; // can collect 10 integer values with a common
name specified “arr”
int  data type
arr  identifier/name of array
[10]  size of array also called as subscript.
Some more examples of an array are,
float value[5]; // can collect 5 float values with a common
name specified “value”
char name[20]; // can collect 20 characters under same name.

Memory allocation
Memory allocation of an array is based on the type of data collected together.
Illustration of how memory is allocated for an array is given below.
1. int a[5];
Index 0 1 2 3 4
a 10 20 30 40 50

Address 1000 1002 1004 1006 1008

Here,
a[0] = 10
a[1] = 20
a[2] = 30
a[3] = 40
a[4] = 50
2. float b[5];
Index 0 1 2 3 4
b 1.2 1.3 5.6 7.9 4.5

Address 1000 1004 1008 1012 1014

Here,
b[0] = 1.2
b[1] = 1.3
b[2] = 5.6
b[3] = 7.9
b[4] = 4.5
Characteristics of an array
1. All the elements of an array share common name, they are distinguished by
index/subscript/element number.
2. Array elements are stored in continuous memory location.
3. Element number in an array plays major role for calling each elements of an array.

1
Types of array
There are three types of array can be used in C Language. They are,
 One-dimensional array
 Two-dimensional array
 Multi-dimensional array
One-dimensional Two-dimensional Multi-dimensional
Contain only one Contain two subscript Contain more than one
subscript subscript
Syntax Syntax Syntax
datatype name[size] datatype datatype
name[size1][size2] name[size1][size2][size3]
Example Example Example
int mark[5]; int matrix[3][3]; int cube[5][5][5]
0 1 2
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3
10 20 30 40 50 1 4 5 6
2 7 8 9
mark[2] = 30
Matrix[1][2] = 6

One dimensional array

An array with only one subscript is called as one-dimensional array. It represents list
of values. All data of list share a common name and are distinguished by subscript values.
Syntax
datatype array_name[size];
Declaration of one dimensional array
Example1:
int value[10];

Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
value 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95

Accessing the values of array can be performed as follows,

value[5] = 60
value[1] = 20
Example2:
char color[ ] = “ROSE”;
or
char color[ 5] = “ROSE”;

Array size is usually omitted when single constant is assigned. Here proper array size is
assigned automatically. This includes NULL character ‘\0’ at the end of the string. Normally
‘\0’ indicates the end of the string.
Index 0 1 2 3 4
color R O S E \0

Accessing the values of array can be performed as follows,

color[0] = ‘R’
color[1] = ‘O’

2
 color[2] = ‘S’
color[3] = ‘E’
color[4] = ‘\0’
Initialization of one dimensional array
After declaration, the array elements must be initialized otherwise they hold garbage
value. Initialization of an array can be performed during,
a. Compile time b) Run time
a. Compile time
Initialization of an array at the time of declaration is known as Compile time
initialization.
Example:
int a[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
Values/elements of an array is enclosed in brace { } and separated by comma (,).
b. Run time
Initialization of an array during run time is known as Compile time initialization.
When users have many elements in array, it can be initialized at run time.
Example1:
int a[5];
for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
}
Example2:
float b[20];
for(i=0;i<20;i++)
{
scanf(“%f”,&b[i]);
}
Here in above example, values of an array are initialized or assigned during run time by
getting the input values from the user.
Example programs for one-dimensional array
1. Write a C program to find average on ‘n’ marks
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int mark[10],n,i,sum=0; //One dimensional array declaration
float avg;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter number of marks:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter %d marks one by one:",n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&mark[i]); //get input values
sum=sum+mark[i]; //calculate sum
}
printf("\nSum=%d",sum);
avg=sum/n; //calculate average
printf("\nAverage=%f",avg);
getch();
}
3
Output
Enter number of mark: 5
Enter 5 marks one by one:
90
80
90
80
70

Sum=410
Average=82.00

2. Write a C program to find sum of n-numbers using while statement

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10],sum=0,n,i=0;//declaration
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter limit:");
scanf("%d",&n); //To get limit
while(i<n) //Condition
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);//get input values
sum=sum+a[i]; //calculate sum of n values
i=i+1; //increment
}
printf("\nSum of %d numbers is %d",n,sum);
getch();
}
Output
Enter limit:5
1 2 3 4 5
Sum of 5 numbers is 15

3. Write a C program to find whether given string is palindrome or not

Example of Palindrome
1. Madam, Malayalam, liril, Amma, Appa etc
Reverse of above mentioned strings are same. Therefore above string is
palindrome.
2. Welcome, computer etc.,
Reverse of above string are not similar. Hence they are not palindrome.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
int i,j,len,flag=0;
char str[10]; //one dimensional array declaration
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the string:");
scanf("%s",str);
4
 len=strlen(str);
for(i=0,j=len-1;i<=len/2;i++,j--)
{
if(str[i]!=str[j])
{
printf("\n Given string is not palindrome");
flag=1;
break;
}
}
if(flag==0)
printf("Given string is Palindrome");
getch();
}

Output
Enter the string: madam
Given string is Palindrome
Enter the string: welcome
Given string is not Palindrome

Two dimensional array

An array with two subscripts is called as two-dimensional array. It represents table,
matrix etc. All data of list share a common name and are distinguished by two subscript
values.
Syntax
datatype array_name[row_size][column_size];
Declaration of two dimensional array
Example1:
int a[3][3];
0 1 2
0 10 20 30
1 40 50 60
2 70 80 90
Accessing the values of array can be performed as follows,
a[0][0] = 10
a[0][1] = 20
a[0][2] = 30

a[1][0] = 40
a[1][1] = 50
a[1][2] = 60

a[2][0] = 70
a[2][1] = 80
a[2][2] = 90

5
Initialization of two dimensional array
After declaration, the array elements must be initialized otherwise they hold garbage
value. Initialization of an array can be performed during,
a. Compile time
b. Run time
a. Compile time
Initialization of an array at the time of declaration is known as Compile time
initialization.
Example:
int matrix[3][3] = {0,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,2};
Or
int matrix[3][3] = { {0,0,0} , {1,1,1} , {2,2,2} };
Values/elements of an array is enclosed in brace { } and separated by comma (,).
b. Run time
Initialization of an array during run time is known as Compile time initialization.
When users have many elements in array, it can be initialized at run time.
Example:
int matrix[3][3];
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
scanf(“%d”,&matrix[i][j]);
}
}
Here in above example, values of an array are initialized or assigned during run time by
getting the input values from the user.

Example programs for two-dimensional array or Matrix operations

1. Write a C program to find transpose of given matrix
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10],row,col,i,j;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the no.of rows:");
scanf("%d",&row);
printf("Etner the no.of columns:");
scanf("%d",&col);
printf("Enter the matrix element:");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); //get input of matrix element
}
}
printf("Given matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
6
 for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",a[i][j]); //Print given matrix element
}
printf("\n");
}
printf("Transpose matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",a[j][i]); //Print transpose of matrix
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Output

Enter the no. of rows:3

Enter the no. of columns:3
Enter the matrix element:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Given matrix is:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Transpose matrix is:
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9

2. Write a C program to find addition of 2 matrices

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],row,col,i,j;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the no.of rows:");
scanf("%d",&row);
printf("Etner the no.of columns:");
scanf("%d",&col);
printf("Enter the matrix A element:");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter the matrix B element:");
7
 for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j]+b[i][j];
}
}
printf("Addition matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
Output
Enter the no.of rows:3
Etner the no.of columns:3
Enter the matrix A element:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Enter the matrix B element:
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Addition matrix is:
2 4 6
8 10 12
14 16 18

3. Write a C program to find subtraction of 2 matrices

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],row,col,i,j;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the no.of rows:");
scanf("%d",&row);
printf("Etner the no.of columns:");
8
 scanf("%d",&col);
printf("Enter the matrix A element:");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter the matrix B element:");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
c[i][j]=a[i][j]-b[i][j];
}
}
printf("Subtraction matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}
OUTPUT
Enter the no.of rows:3
Etner the no.of columns:3
Enter the matrix A element:
10 20 30
40 50 60
70 80 90
Enter the matrix B element:
5 10 15
20 25 30
35 40 45
Subtraction matrix is:
5 10 15
20 25 30
35 40 45

9
4. Write a C program to find product of 2 matrices
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10][10],b[10][10],c[10][10],row,col,i,j,k;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the no.of rows:");
scanf("%d",&row);
printf("Etner the no.of columns:");
scanf("%d",&col);
printf("Enter the matrix A element:");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
}
}
printf("Enter the matrix B element:");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]);
}
}
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
c[i][j]=0;
for(k=0;k<row;k++)
{
c[i][j]=c[i][j]+a[i][k]*b[k][j];
}
}
}
printf("Multiplication of matrix is:\n");
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",c[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
getch();
}

10
OUTPUT:
Enter the no.of rows:2
Etner the no.of columns:2
Enter the matrix A element:
1 2
3 4
Enter the matrix B element:
1 2
3 4
Multiplication of matrix is:
7 10
15 22

Multi-dimensional array
An array with more than one subscript is called as multi-dimensional array. It
represents table, matrix, cube, diamond etc.
Syntax
datatype array_name[size1][size2].... [sizen];
Example1:
int a[3][3];
int cube[2][4][6];
Disadvantage of an array
1. Elements in array must be of same data type.
2. Using an array user cannot collect data with different data type.
3. Size of an array is fixed. It is not possible to extend an array size during run time.
4. Insertion and deletion requires more time, because the elements are shifted entirely.

Important Questions

Two mark

1. Define an array.
2. List out the characteristics of an array.
3. What are the types of array? How it varies?
4. How to initialize an array during compile time and run time?
5. What is multi dimensional array?
6. State the disadvantages of an array.

16 mark

1. Explain in detail about array in C with sample coding.

2. Explain in detail about one dimensional array in C with sample coding.
3. Explain in detail about two dimensional array in C with sample coding.
4. State difference between array types and its functions with practical application.
5. Write a C program to sort the given set of number in ascending order.
6. Write a C program to find multiplication of two matrices.
7. Write a C program to find largest and smallest number in the given array.
8. Write a C program to find transpose of given matrix.
9. Write a C program to find whether given string in palindrome or not
10. Any program using array

11
 STRINGS
String
A String is a sequence of characters enclosed within double quotes. A string is a
sequence of characters that is treated as a single data item. The compiler automatically adds
a NULL character (\0) at the end of the string constant to indicate the end of the string.
Example1:
“Computer Programming” , “Duraisamy”
Example2:
char name[6] = “TAMIL”;

0 1 2 3 4 5
name T A M I L \0

Number of bytes required to store a string constant is one more than number of
characters. NULL character (\0) occupies one byte. But length of the string will not include
the NULL character. In the above example number of bytes allocated is 5, but length of the
string “TAMIL” is 4.
Declaration of string
C Language does not support string data type. String used as array of characters.
Syntax
char string_name[size];
Example
char text[10];
Initialization of String

char name[10]=”computer”;
char name[ ] = {‘C’,’ o’, ’m’, ’p’, ’u’, ’t’, ’e’, ’r’}

C allows initializing array character without specifying number of elements.

Compiler automatically computes number of elements.
Reading and writing of String
User can read string using control string “%s” in scanf( ) statement. The scanf( )
function read all the characters until the white space. The printf( ) function writes all the
characters stored in variable on the output screen.

Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
value 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95

Example
1. Write a C program to get and print a string on the output screen
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char str[20];
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter String:");
scanf("%s",str); //get/read the input string
printf("\nEntered String is:%s",str); //write the given string
getch();
}
12
Output
Enter String: Computer
Entered String is: Computer

2. Write a C program to get and print a string using field width.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char str[20];
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter String:");
scanf("%3s",str); //get/read the input string
printf("\nEntered String is:%s",str); //write the given string
getch();
}
Output
Enter String: Computer
Entered String is: Com

3. Write a C program to get and print a string using search set.

Search set can be used using
%[string_to_be_searched]
Example
%[abcde]
Search and scan selected string which contains specified characters continuously
until other character occurs.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char str[20];
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter String:");
scanf("%[abcde]",str); //get/read the input string
printf("\nEntered String is:%s",str); //write the given string
getch();
}
Output
Enter String: Decide
Entered String is: Dec

Enter String: Bala

Entered String is: Ba

Enter String: Tamil

Entered String is:

13
Standard String operations
C Language contains large number of string functions. These string functions uses
standard header file “string.h”. There are five important string handling functions in C
language.
String function Purpose
strcat (s1,s2) Concatenates two string
strcmp(s1,s2) Compares two string
strcpy(s1,s2) Copies one string over the another string
strlen(s1) Find the length of a string
strrev(s1) Reverse the given string
i. strcat(s1,s2)
This string function is used to concatenate two given strings. Joining two strings is
called as concatenation.
Syntax
strcat(str1,str2);
Here, String str2 is joined with String str1
Example:
str1 = Computer
str2 = Science
strcat(str1,str2);
Result after the string operation
str1 = ComputerScience
str2 = Science
Program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char s1[20],s2[20];
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the string1:");
gets(s1);
printf("\nEnter the string2:");
gets(s2);
strcat(s1,s2);
printf("\nConcatenated String:%s",s1);
getch();
}
Output
Enter string1: Computer
Enter string2: Science
Concatenated String: ComputerScience

ii. strcmp(s1,s2)
This string function is used to compare two given strings. If two strings are identical
then this functions returns 0. If two string are identical, it returns numerical value i.e.,
difference between ASCII values of strings.

14
 str1 == str2  Returns 0
str1 > str2  Returns positive (+ve) value
str1 < str2  Returns negative (-ve) value
Syntax
strcmp(str1,str2);
or
value=strcmp(str1,str2)
Program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char s1[20],s2[20];
int value;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the string1:");
gets(s1);
printf("\nEnter the string2:");
gets(s2);
value=strcmp(s1,s2);
if(value==0)
{
printf("\nFunction returns:%d",value);
printf("\nStrings are Identical");
}
else
{
printf("\nFunction returns:%d",value);
printf("\nStrings are nor Identical");
}
getch();
}
Various Output
Enter string1: Computer
Enter string1: Computer
Enter string2: computer
Enter string2: Computer
Function Returns: -32
Function Returns: 0
Strings are not Identical
Strings are Identical
Enter string1: Abi Enter string1: Bala
Enter string2: Bala Enter string2: Abi
Function Returns: -1 Function Returns: 1
Strings are not Identical Strings are not Identical
Enter string1: Abi Enter string1: Chitra
Enter string2: Chitra Enter string2: Abi
Function Returns: -2 Function Returns: 2
Strings are not Identical Strings are not Identical
Enter string1: Abi Enter string1: Anu
Enter string2: Anu Enter string2: Abi
Function Returns: -12 Function Returns: 12
Strings are not Identical Strings are not Identical

15
iii. strcpy(s1,s2)
This string function is used to copy the source string to the destination string.
Syntax
strcpy(destination,source);
Here, source string will be copied to the destination string. Old content of destination
string is replaced with new content
Example:
str1 = Computer
str2 = Science
strcpy(str1,str2);
Result after the string operation
str1 = Science
str2 = Science
Program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char s1[20],s2[20];
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the string1:");
gets(s1);
printf("\nEnter the string2:");
gets(s2);
strcpy(s1,s2);
printf("\nAfter string copying\nSting1=%s\nString2=%s",s1,s2);
getch();
}
Output
Enter string1: Computer
Enter string2: Science
After string copying
String1=Science
String2=Science

iv. strlen(s1)
This string function is used to find the length of the string. This function returns the
length of the string. White space is counted for determining the length of the string. The
terminating NULL character ‘\0’ is not counted while determining the length of the string.
Syntax
len=strlen(string);
Program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char s1[20];
int len;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the string:");

16
 gets(s1);
len=strlen(s1);
printf("\nLength of the given string is %d",len);
getch();
}
Output
Enter string: Computer
Length of the given string is 8
Enter string: Computer Science
Length of the given string is 16
Enter string: ComputerScience
Length of the given string is 15
v. strrev(s1)
This string function is used to reverse all the characters of the given string except the
NULL character.
Syntax
strrev(string);
Program
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char s1[20];
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the string:");
gets(s1);
strrev(s1);
printf("\nReverse of the given string is %s",s1);
getch();
}
Output
Enter string: Computer
Reverse of the given string is retupmoC
Enter string: madam
Reverse of the given string is madam
Sample code for String Handling functions
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
char s1[20],s2[20];
int len;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the string1:");
gets(s1);
printf("\nEnter the string2:");
scanf("%s",s2);
strcat(s1,s2);
printf("\n\nString Concatenation:%s",s1);
strcpy(s1,s2);
17
 printf("\n\nAfter String Copy\n\nString1=%s\n\nString2=%s",s1,s2);
if(strcmp(s1,s2)==0)
printf("\n\nString are identical");
else
printf("\n\nString are not identical");
len=strlen(s1);
printf("\n\nLength of String \" %s \" is %d",s1,len);
strrev(s1);
printf("\n\nReverse of the string is %s",s1);
getch();
}
Output
Enter string1: Computer
Enter string2: science
String Concatenation: Computerscience
After String Copy
String1=science
String2=science
Strings are identical
Length of string “science” is 7
Reverse of string is ecneics

Other string functions in C

String functions Purpose

strlwr(s1) Converts given string to lower case.

strupr(s1) Converts given string to upper case.
Appends first ‘n’ characters of a string at the end of another
strcat(s1,s2,n)
string.
strcpy(s1,s2,n) Copies first ‘n’ characters of string to another string.
strcmp(s1,s2,n) Compares first ‘n’ characters of 2 strings.
strcmpi(s1,s2)
Compares 2 strings by ignoring case.
stricmp(s1,s2)
stricmp(s1,s2,n) Compares first ‘n’ characters of 2 strings ignoring case.

strchr(s1,’m’) To find first occurrence of a specified character in a string

strrchr(s1,’m’) To find last occurrence of a specified character in a string

strstr(s1,s2) To find first occurrence of a given string into another string

18
Character test functions

The C language support many character testing functions also. These functions are
used to test the character typed from the keyboard is a letter or a digit or a special character
and prints message accordingly.

String
Test Purpose Example Result
functions
Let, ch=6
TRUE
isdigit(ch);
isdigit(ch) To test ‘ch’ is a digit/number
Let, ch=’a’
FALSE
isdigit(ch);
Let, ch=6
FALSE
isalpha(ch);
isalpha(ch) To test ‘ch’ is an alphabet
Let, ch=’a’
TRUE
isalpha(ch);
Let, ch=6
TRUE
To test ‘ch’ is an alphanumeric isalnum(ch);
isalnum(ch)
character Let, ch=’a’
TRUE
isalnum(ch);
Let, ch=’ ’
isspace(ch) To test ‘ch’ is a blank space? TRUE
isspace(ch);
Let, ch=’A’
FALSE
islower(ch);
islower(ch) To test ‘ch’ is lowercase or not
Let, ch=’a’
TRUE
islower(ch);
Let, ch=’A’
TRUE
isupper(ch);
isupper(ch) To test ‘ch’ is uppercase or not
Let, ch=’a’
FALSE
isupper(ch);
Convert given character to Let, ch=’A’
tolower(ch) ch=’a’
lowercase tolower(ch);

Convert given character to Let, ch=’a’

toupper(ch) ch=’A’
uppercase toupper(ch);

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SIMPLE PROGRAMS

SORTING
1. SORT N-NAME ALPHABETICALLY
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
{
char name[30][10],temp[30];
int n,i,j;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the no.of entries:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the names one by one:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%s",name[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(strcmp(name[i],name[j])>0)
{
strcpy(temp,name[i]);
strcpy(name[i],name[j]);
strcpy(name[j],temp);
}
}
}
printf("The names alphabetical order:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("\n%s\t",name[i]);
getch();
}

OUTPUT

Enter the no.of entries:4

Enter the names one by one:
bala
abi
deepa
anu

The names alphabetical order:

abi
anu
bala
deepa

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2(A). SORT N NUMBERS – ASCENDING ORDER

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10],i,j,n,t;
clrscr();
printf("Enter num of elements:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the numbers to be sorted:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
t=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=t;
}
}
}
printf("Sorted elements are:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%d\t",a[i]);
}
getch();
}

OUTPUT

Enter num of elements:5

Enter the numbers to be sorted:

6 1 9 3 5

Sorted elements are:

1 3 5 6 9

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2(B). SORT N NUMBERS – DESCENDING ORDER

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10],i,j,n,t;
clrscr();
printf("Enter num of elements:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the numbers to be sorted:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[i]<a[j])
{
t=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=t;
}
}
}
printf("Sorted elements are:\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%d\t",a[i]);
}
getch();
}

OUTPUT

Enter num of elements:5

Enter the numbers to be sorted:

1 4 2 9 5

Sorted elements are:

9 5 4 2 1

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3. FIND GREATEST OF N-NUMBERS IN ARRAY

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10],i,j,n,t;
clrscr();
printf("Enter num of elements:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the numbers to be sorted:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[i]<a[j])
{
t=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=t;
}
}
}
printf("Greatest number in array is:%d",a[0]);
getch();
}

OUTPUT

Enter num of elements:5

Enter the numbers to be sorted:

1 4 2 9 5

Greatest number in array is 9

4. FIND SMALLEST OF N-NUMBERS IN ARRAY

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10],i,j,n,t;
clrscr();
printf("Enter num of elements:");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the numbers to be sorted:");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)

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 {
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
t=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=t;
}
}
}
printf("Smallest number in array is:%d",a[0]);
getch();
}

OUTPUT

Enter num of elements:5

Enter the numbers to be sorted:

1 4 2 9 5

Greatest number in array is 1

Important Questions

Two mark

1. Define a String.
2. How to declare a string?
3. List out various standard string functions used in C.
4. State the purpose of strlen( ) function with example.
5. List character test function? Give example.

16 mark

1. Briefly explain the various String handling functions in C.

2. Explain the various string operations. Write a C program to find out the length of the
string without using built in function.
3. Discuss about any eight built in functions.

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