ABSTRACT .............................................................................................

VIII
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. IX LIST OF
TABLES ................................................................................... XIII LIST OF
ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................. XIV 1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 1 1.1 Motivation and problem
statement. .................................................. 1 1.2
Objectives ......................................................................................... 3 1.3 Scope of this
research ....................................................................... 3 2 LITERATURE
REVIEW ....................................................................... 4 2.1
Overview .......................................................................................... 4 2.2 Biodiesel production
process ............................................................ 4 2.2.1 Alkali
catalytic ............................................................................ 5 2.2.2 Acid
catalytic ........................................................................... 5 2.2.3 Bio
catalytic ................................................................................ 5 2.2.4 Heterogeneous
catalytic ............................................................. 6 2.3 Properties of biodiesel
feedstock ...................................................... 6 2.3.1 Free fatty acid
content ............................................................... 7 2.3.2 Heat
content ............................................................................... 7 2.3.3 Removal of
water ........................................................................ 8 2.3.4 Removal of insoluble
impurities ................................................. 8 2.4 Feedstocks for biodiesel
production ................................................. 8 2.4.1 Commonly used edible
oil .......................................................... 9 2.4.2 Commonly used non edible
oil ................................................. 11 2.4.3 Potential edible oil ...................................................................
12 2.4.4 Potential non edible oil ............................................................. 13 2.5 Properties of Moringa
oleifera methyl esters ................................. 15 3 MATERIALS AND
METHOD ........................................................... 18 3.1 Materials and
Equipment ................................................................ 18 3.2 Pre-
treatment .................................................................................. 18 3.3 Oil
Extraction ................................................................................. 18 3.4 Preparation of the
Catalyst ............................................................. 18 3.5 Pre-
treatment .................................................................................. 19 3.6
Transesterification .......................................................................... 19 3.7
Washing .......................................................................................... 20 3.8 Removing Excess
Water ................................................................. 20

XI

3.9 Properties Determination ................................................................ 20 3.9.1 Cetane

Number ......................................................................... 20 3.9.2 Kinematic
viscosity ................................................................... 21 3.9.3 Cloud and Pour
point ............................................................... 21 3.9.4 Flash
Point ............................................................................... 21 3.9.5
Density ...................................................................................... 21 4 RESULT AND
DISCUSSION ............................................................ 22 5 CONCLUSION AND
RECOMENDATION ...................................... 24
REFRENCES ........................................................................................... 25
APPENDICES ............................................................................................. 28