TIEMPO ESTRUCTURA USO EJEMPLOS

Afirmativa:
Subject + present conjugation of • Acciones habituales • I usually get up at 7 o'clock.
verb I play tennis on Mondays. • Opiniones y estados de mente • I think he is a wonderful student.
• Situaciones permanentes o de larga duración. • She lives in New York.
Negativa • Hechos y verdades generales • The Earth goes around the Sun.
PRESENT
Subject + DO not + base form of • Sentimientos • I love walking around late at night.
E
verb They don't work in New York. • Horarios y programas • The plane leaves at 4 p.m.
SIMPLE
• Expresiones de tiempo presentes comunes: • She doesn't often go to the cinema.
Pregunta (Wh?)
usually, always, often, sometimes, on Saturdays,
+do+subject+base form of verb ? Does
at weekends, rarely, on occasion, never, seldom.
she know him?

Afirmativa: • What are you doing?

• Acción que ocurre en el momento presente
Subject + verb ‘be’ (AM / IS / ARE) • She's studying hard for her final exam
• Actions happening in a period around
in present + verb –ing
the present moment in time
He's working at the moment. • She isn't coming on Friday.
PRESENTE Negativa • Planes futuros inmediatos, acuerdos
• Acciones monótonas y molestas. • You are always laughing at me!
CONTINU Subj.+ V. ‘be’ in present+ not+ V–ing
O They aren't coming this evening. • Expresiones de tiempo presente continuo
comunes como: at the moment, now, today, • I am working until 21h this week.
Pregunta
(Wh?) verb ‘be’ in present+subj. verb–ing? this week, this month, tomorrow, next week (for
What are you doing? future arrangements), currently…

Afirmativa • I went to Paris last year

nd
S+V in past (regular, <-ed>; irregular, 2
column): She went to Paris last week.
Negativa
PASADO SIMPLE Subject + DID not + root of the verb.
They didn't drive to work.
Pregunta
(Wh_) did + subject + root of the verb?
Where did she get that hat?
• Acciones acabadas que ocurren en un momento
definido en el pasado. • He stopped drinking alcohol 3 years ago.
• Con la palabra ‘ago’
• Para expresar acciones cortas y consecutivas • I fell down and someone helped me.
• Cuando hay dos acciones simultáneas, una de
ellas suele ser más corta (simple) e interrumpe a • The light went out (short action) while
la acción más larga (continuo). we were having dinner (long action)
 Afirm.: S+V ‘be’ in past (WAS/WERE)
+ verb-ing. ‘I was
watching TV’
PASADO
CONTINU Negativa: S+V ‘be’ in past + not + verb-
O ing: He wasn'tworking
Pregunta:(Wh?) + V+ ‘be’ in past +S
+V- ing?: What were you doing?
Afirm.: S+have/has+V_participle
I haveseen Mick three times this week
PRESENT . • Cuando no decimos exactamente cuándo una
E Negat.: S+have/has+not+V-
PERFECT participle She hasnotbeen to New
O SIMPLE York.
Preg:(Wh?) Have/has+S+V-participle?
How long have you worked at
Smith's?
Afirmativa: S+have/has+been+V-
ing I’vebeenliving in Melilla for 30
years
PRESENTE
PERFECTO Negat.: S+have/has+not+been+V-ing
CONTINU He hasn’tbeenstudying for long.
O Excepción:
Preg.: (Wh?)+Have/has+S+been+V-ing?
How long have you beenworking on that
problem?
• Acciones en progreso (en realización) en un
momento pasado.
• Acciones largas e inacabadas
• Queja y monotonía en el pasado.
• Para expresar una acción que comenzó en el
pasado y termina, continua o tiene cualquier
tipo de relación con el presente.
acción ocurrió, normalmente con expresiones
tales como: yet, always, never, ever, just, already.
• Expresiones españolas tales
como:: Hace una semana que no
te veo Acabo de llegar a casa
• Para expresar la duración de una actividad
continua comenzada en el pasado y continuando
en el presente.
• En expresiones españolas como:
Llevo dos meses estudiando.
Esta mañana me he levantado a las 9’00h
• At midnight we were driving
home.
• Yesterday I was studying very
hard all day.
• He was always telling boring
jokes
• ‘I have been here for two hours’
• They have sold more than a million
snowboards since 1991.
• The postman hasn’t come yet.
• I have not seen you for a week.
• I have just got home.
• I have been waiting for the bus for a
long time.
• I have been studying for two months.
• I got up at 9 o’clock this morning.
 Afirmativa: Subject + HAD + participle
I had already eaten before they came. •She had cooked the lunch
PASADO Negativa: Subject + had + not + participle
• Para expresar una acción que st
(1 action) before she went to
ocurre antes de otra acción en nd
PERFECT She hadn't (had not) been to Rome before that trip. work (2 action)
el pasado.
O Pregunta: (Wh?) Had + subject + participle?
Had you ever seen such a crazy lady before
that?
Afirmativa: Subject + HAD + BEEN + verb-ing
She’dbeenwaiting for 3 hours when he finally arrived.
PASADO • Para expresar la duración de una
Negativa: Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing •We had been waiting for hours
PERFECTO actividad continua comenzada
I hadn'tbeensleeping for long when I heard the doorbell ring when the train finally arrived.
CONTINU antes de otra actividad pasada.
Pregunta: (Wh?) Had + subject + been + verb-ing?
O
How long had you beenplaying tennis when she
arrived?
• That's difficult! I'll help you with the
Afirm.: Subject+ WILL+ base form of verb + object(s) • Decisiones espontáneas
problem.
I willmeet you at the airport tomorrow. tomadas en el momento sobre el
Negat.: Subject+ will+not base form of verb+object(s) futuro. • She won't win the game.
FUTURO SIMPLE
He willnotbeable to come. • Predicciones futuras (sin
Pregunta: (Quest. Word) + will + S+ base form of verb? evidencias) • Will you marry me?
Will they visit us soon? I’ll make you a sandwich
• Promesas futuras,
ofrecimientos, ayudas y
Afirm.: S+tobe+goingto+base form of verb+object(s) • I'm going to study Languages at
He'sgoingto fly to Boston next week. • Decisiones planeadas, hechas antes university next year.
FUTURO CON Negativa: S+to be+not+going to+base form of verb+obj. del momento de habla. • Look at those clouds. It's going to
‘BE GOING They'renotgoingto invite the Browns. • Predicciones futuras con evidencias rain.
TO’ Pregunta: ( Wh?)+ to be+S+ going to+base form of verb? • Intenciones futuras • I'm going to be a policeman when I
Where are you goingto stay? grow up.
Afirmativa: Subject + will + be + verb-ing
I'llbecooking dinner when you arrive. • Para expresar que estamos muy • Next Friday at this time I will be
FUTURE Negativa: Subject + will + not + be + verb-ing seguros de que algo ocurrirá tal travelling to London.
CONTINU They won't beliving in Paris this time next year. y como se ha planeado.
O Pregunta: (Wh?) + will + subject + be + verb-ing?
What will you bedoing next week at this time?
 Afirmativa: Subject + will + have + verb-participle
We'llhavelived here for twenty years by 2005.
Negativa: Subject + will + not + have + participle
FUTURO • Para expresar qué habrá ocurrido o durante cuánto tiempo algo
She won't have finished her homework by the
PERFECT habrá ocurrido hasta un cierto punto en el tiempo.
time we arrive.
O
Pregunta: (Wh?) + will + subject + have + participle?
How long will you havelived in France by the end of next year?

Afirmativa: Subject + will + have + been + verb-ing

He'llhavebeen sleeping for a few hours by the time we arrive.
FUTURO
Negativa: Subject + will + have + been + verb-ing • Para expresar la duración de una actividad hasta un punto de
PERFECTO
She won'thavebeen working for long by 5 o'clock. tiempo en el futuro.
CONTINU
Pregunta: (Wh?) + will + subject + have + been + verb -ing?
O
How long will you havebeen driving by 6 o'clock?

VERBOS ESTÁTICOS: verbos que nunca o rara vez se usan en formas continuas.
Estados emocionales y mentales: Percepción: Comunicación: Otros estados:

Believe prefer appear agree be involve

dislike realize seem disagree belong lack
doubt recognize see deny concern matter
feel remember / forget hear astonish consist owe
Guess suppose smell impress contain own
Hate think taste mean cost possess
hope understand sound please depend
Imagine want promise deserve
know wish satisfy fit
like surprise include
love
need