Calculate the maximum thermal efficiency for a heat engine working between temperatures of 800ºC and 15ºC. [73.2 %]
QUESTION 2
A Carnot cycle engine using air as a working fluid has a volume expansion ratio of 16:1. It operates between temperatures of 300ºC and 23ºC. Calculate: (a) The volume ratios for the isothermal and adiabatic parts of the cycle.[3.07:1, 5.2:1] (b) Thermal efficiency. [48.3%]
QUESTION 3
What is the difference between a reversible engine and a reversible cycle?
QUESTION 4
A Carnot cycle engine using air as a working fluid operates between a heat source which has a temperature of 800ºC and a heat sink which has a temperature of 15ºC. The maximum and minimum pressures are 21 MPa and 0.1 MPa. Calculate thermal efficiency and work ratio.
Note – Work ratio = net work./positive work. [73.2 %, 0.212]
QUESTION 5
0.23 kg of gas a gas with a gas constant of 280 J/kg.K and a ratio of specific heats of 1.4, undergoes a Carnot cycle between temperatures of 300ºC and 50ºC. The volume ratio of the isothermal process is 2.5:1. Calculate:
(a) Thermal efficiency. [43.6 %]
(b) Net work. [14.8 kJ] (c) Work ratio. [0.2]
QUESTION 6
Heat is supplied to a Carnot cycle at a temperature of 400ºC. Its thermal efficiency is 55 %.
The volume ratio of the isothermal process is 2.8:1. Calculate: (a) The temperature at which heat is rejected. [30ºC] (b) Volume ratio of the adiabatic process. [7.3:1] (c) Overall volume ratio. [20.6:1] QUESTION 7
Temperature, Pressure and Volume of air (1.4= )ﻻat the end of isentropic compression in an air standard Carnot heat engine cycle are 315.6 0C, 120 kPa and 0.05 m3 respectively. The v2 =3 volumetric ratio of the isothermal expansion ( v1 ) and that of isothermal compression ( v3 v3 =3 =6 v4 ). The volumetric ratio the isentropic expansion ( v2 ) and that of isothermal v4 =6 compression ( v 1 ). (Please draw a P-V diagram of the Carnot cycle)
Calculate;
a) The pressure, minimum Temperature and volumes of other states of the Carnot cycle. [ 40 kPa; 3.26kPa; 9.77kPa; 287.45 K; 0.15 m3;0.9 m3; 0.3 m3] b) The heat supplied and rejected by the cycle [6.68 kJ; -3.263kJ]
c) The efficiency of the cycle [51.2%]
QUESTION 8
A farmer runs a heat pump with a 2 kW motor. It should keep a chicken hatchery at 30◦C, which loses energy at a rate of 10 kW to the colder ambient Tamb. What is the minimum COP that will be acceptable for the heat pump? (please sketch the schematic diagram ) [5]
QUESTION 9 Calculate the amount of work input a refrigerator needs to make ice cubes out of a tray of 0.25 kg liquid water at 10◦C. Assume the refrigerator works in a Carnot cycle between −8◦C and 35◦C with a motor-compressor of 750 W. How much time does it take if this is the only cooling load? (please sketch the schematic diagram ) [4.5 kW ; 4200sec]
