Pakistan School, Kingdom of Bahrain

E- Support and Learning Material

Subject: Maths Grade: 8
Unit 4: Factorization Using Special Algebraic Identities
In Book 1, we have learnt that to factorize algebraic expressions of the form ax + y, we will need
to identify the common factors, i.e. common numbers or common variables of the terms. For
example, to factorize 4ay-24az completely, we extract the common factors 4 and a to get
4a(y - 6z).

WORKED EXAMPLE 17 PAGE #128:

 Factorize each of the following expressions completely.
a) 3x2 + 9xy
b) 2πr2 + 2πrh

Solution:
a) 3x2 + 9xy
= 3x(x + 3y)
b) 2πr2 + 2πrh
= 2πr(r + h)

EXERCISE 4D QUESTION 1 (PAGE.131):

 Factorize each of the following expressions completely.
a) 45x2 - 81xy
b) 39xy – 15x2z
Solution:

HOMEWORK:
 Solve Exercise 4D
Question 1 (Part c and d) as homework
 For more practice do “Practice Now 17” on page 128

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Factorization of Algebraic Expressions of the Form ax + bx + kay + kby
If we are given the expression ax - bx + 2ay - 2by, how do we factorize it completely? We shall
now learn how to factorize algebraic expressions of the form ax + bx + kay + kby.

Sometimes, it is possible to identify the common factors by grouping the terms of an algebraic
expression.

For example, ax - ay + bx - by = (ax - ay) + (bx - by)

= a(x - y) + b(x - y)
= (x - y)(a + b) (extract the common factor (x - y)).

It may be necessary to regroup the terms of an algebraic expression before we are able to
identify the common factors,

For example, cx + dy + dx + cy = (cx + cy) + (dx + dy)

= c(x + y) + d(x + y)
= (x + y)(c + d)

Alternatively, cx + dy + dx + cy = (cx + dx) + (cy + dy)

= x(c + d) + y(c + d)
= (x + y)(c + d)
We may need to change the sign of the factor in a group before we can factorise an algebraic
expression.
For example, h(x - y) + k(y - x) = h(x - y) - k(x - y)
= (x - y)(h - k).

WORKED EXAMPLE 18 PAGE #129:

 Factorize each of the following expressions completely.
a) a(2x + 3) + 2(3 + 2x)
b) 2b(5x + 2) - (5x + 2)

Solution:
a) a(2x + 3) + 2(3 + 2x)
= (2x + 3)(a + 2)
b) 2b(5x + 2) - (5x + 2)
= (5x + 2)(2b - 1)

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EXERCISE 4D QUESTION 2 (PAGE.131):
 Factorize each of the following expressions completely.
a) 6a(x - 2y) + 5(x - 2y)
b) 2b(x + 3y) – c(3y + x)
c) 3d(5x – y) – 4f(5x – y)
Solution:

HOMEWORK:

 Solve Exercise 4D
Question 2 as homework

WORKED EXAMPLE 19 PAGE #130:

 Factorize each of the following expressions completely.
a) ax - bx + 2ay - 2by
b) 6ax + 12by + 9bx + 8ay

Solution:
a) ax - bx + 2ay - 2by
= (ax - bx) + (2ay - 2by)
= x(a - b) + 2y(a - b)
= (a - b)(x + 2y)
b) 6ax + 12by + 9bx + 8ay
= (6ax + 9bx) + (12by + 8ay)
= 3x(2a + 3b) + 4y(3b + 2a)
= (2a + 3b)(3x + 4y)

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EXERCISE 4D QUESTION 3 (PAGE.131):
 Factorize each of the following expressions completely.
a) ax – 5a + 4x – 20
b) ax + bx + ay + by
Solution:

HOMEWORK:
 Solve Exercise 4D
Question 3 as homework
 For more practice do “Practice Now 19” on page 130

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