 Principle importance of textile testing is;

1. To ensure the product quality

2. To control the manufacturing process
3. For customer satisfaction and retention
4. Good reputation (brand image) among consumers
5. During testing, the discrepancy of the product, for example, its strength, maturity,
waste percentage (for fibres), aerial density, and weave design (for fabrics), is
properly measured.
6. Faulty machine parts or improper maintenance of the machines can be easily detected
with the help of textile testing.
7. Improved, less costly, and faster protocols can be developed by researchers with the
aid of testing.
8. The efficiency and quality of the product can also be enhanced with the help of
regular and periodic testing.
9. Customer satisfaction and loyalty can also be won by producing according to
customer specification in good time. In short, testing is an essential pivot to the whole
textile product supply chain
10. Textile testing is vital to identify the particular cause of that fault so that it can be
avoided in future consignments. It will also help to rectify the running process and
enable it to run more smoothly so that the final product accords with the customer’s
requirement. It also helps to isolate the faulty part or machine so as to resolve any
dispute between the supplier and the producer.

 Testing helps in the selection of the best possible raw materials. “Raw material” is a
relative term; for example, fiber is the raw material for spinning, and yarn is the raw
material for weaving.

 Testing helps in the process control through the use of advanced textile process-
control techniques.

 Testing ensures the right product is shipped to the consumer or customer and that the
product meets the customer specifications.

11.

Importance of quality assurance

Quality Assurance (QA) is the systematic monitoring and evaluation of the various aspects of a
project, service or facility to maximize the probability that standards of quality are being attained by
the production process. Quality Assurance cannot absolutely guarantee the production of quality
products.

quality assurance system eliminates defective products and continuously evaluates the process to
improve products and services.
Quality assurance can result in a consistently reliable product or service. Increased reliability in the
end product results in customer satisfaction and brand loyalty.

Quality assurance helps a company meet its clients' demands and expectations.

 Short notes

Founded in 1898 as the American Section of the International Association for Testing
Materials, ASTM International predates other standards organizations such as the BSI

(1901), IEC (1906), DIN (1917), ANSI (1918), AFNOR (1926), and ISO (1947).
ASTM International, formerly known as American Society for Testing and Materials, is
an international standards organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus
technical standards for a wide range of materials, products, systems, and services.

ASTM International has no role in requiring or enforcing compliance with its standards. The
standards, however, may become mandatory when referenced by an external contract,
corporation, or government.[5]

ASTM
Portable Document Format-Healthcare (PDF) A Best Practices Guide
AIIMASTM
ASTM A1 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Tee Rails
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Girder Rails of Plain, Grooved,
ASTM A2
and Guard Types
Standard Specification for Steel Joint Bars, Low, Medium, and High
ASTM A3
Carbon (Non-Heat-Treated)
Standard Specification for General Requirements for Rolled Structural
ASTM A6/A6M
Steel Bars, Plates, Shapes, and Sheet Piling

AATCC
The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) publishes standards for test
methods of fiber analysis, colorfastness, color measurement and other textile elements. More
than 200 accepted procedures are available. ... AATCC standards ensure you can: Improve
durability.

BIS
The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the national Standards Body of India working under the
aegis of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Government of India. It is
established by the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 which came into effect on 23 December
 1986. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the national Standards Body of India working
under the aegis of Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution, Government of
India.

Standard formulation and promotion

One of the major functions of the Bureau is the formulation, recognition and promotion of the
Indian Standards. As on 1 January 2019, over 20,000 Standards have been formulated by
BIS, are in force. These cover important segments of economy, which help the industry in
upgrading the quality of their products and services.

BIS has identified 15 sectors which are important to Indian Industry. For formulation of
Indian Standard, it has separate Division Council to oversee and supervise the work. The
Standards are regularly reviewed and formulated in line with the technological development
to maintain harmony with the International Standards.

Product Certification

For Indian manufacturers

Product Certifications are to be obtained voluntarily. For, some of the products like Milk
powder, Drinking Water, LPG Cylinders, etc., certification is mandatory. Because these
products are concerned with health and safety.[9]

For foreign manufacturers

Foreign manufacturers of products who intend to export to India also may obtain a BIS
product certification license. For some products various Indian government
ministries/departments/agencies makes its compulsory to have BIS certification. Towards
this, BIS launched its Product Certification Scheme for overseas manufacturers in the year
2000, which is called Foreign Manufacturers Certification Scheme. Under the provisions of
this scheme, foreign manufacturers can seek certification from BIS for marking their
product(s) with BIS Standard Mark. The foreign manufacturer needs to appoint an
Authorised Indian Representative who will be an Indian Resident to act as an agent between
BIS and the manufacturer. Depending on the product, the manufacturer has to imprint one of
two possible marks on the product label. The Standard Mark or the ISI Mark. The Standard
Mark is compulsory for certain types of electronics and IT goods, whereas the ISI mark is
mandatory for product categories such as cement, household electrical products, food
products, steel materials, etc. The ISI mark is also used for several voluntary BIS certification
product categories.[10]

For Indian importers

Indian importers who intend to get Certification Mark may apply for the license. However,
the assessment visit is paid to the original product manufacturer.[11]

Management System Certification

 Quality Management System Certification Scheme IS/ISO 9001.

 Environmental Management System Certification Scheme IS/ISO 14001.

 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Certification Scheme IS 18001.

 Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Scheme IS 15000.

 Food Safety Management System Certification IS/ISO 22000.

 Service Quality Management System Certification Scheme IS 15700.

 Energy Management System Certification Scheme IS/ISO 50001.

 Medical Devices Management System Certification Scheme IS/ISO 13485.

 Social Accountability Management System Certification Scheme IS 16001.

 Integrated Management System Certification Scheme.

OEKO-TEX
The Standard 100 by Oeko-Tex product label, introduced (as Oeko-Tex Standard 100) in 1992,
certifies adherence to the specifications of the standard by the same name, a document of testing
methods and limit values for potentially harmful chemicals.

Oeko Tex is a product testing system that labels and certifies the safety of textiles and textile
products. There are various different levels of certification available and textile manufacturers must
apply for the certification.

Oeko-Tex is a registered trade mark, representing the product labels and company certifications
issued and other services provided by the International Association for Research and Testing in the
Field of Textile and Leather Ecology

GOTS

The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) is an internationally recognised organic textile
standard. Since its introduction in 2006, GOTS has demonstrated its practical feasibility and
is supported by the growth in consumption of organic fibres and the demand for a unified
processing criteria from the industry and retail sectors.

GOTS ensures the organic status of textiles from the harvesting of the raw materials through
environmentally and socially responsible manufacturing all the way to labelling, in order to
provide credible assurances to the consumer. The standard covers the processing,
manufacturing, packaging, labelling, trading and distribution of all textiles made from at least
70 percent certified organic natural fibres. The final fibre products may include, but are not
limited to, yarns, fabrics, clothes and home textiles. However, this standard does not set
criteria for leather products.
https://asq.org/quality-resources/total-quality-management - tqm

https://searcherp.techtarget.com/definition/kaizen-or-continuous-improvement - kaizen

https://asq.org/quality-resources/six-sigma - six sigma

https://asq.org/quality-resources/iso-9000


o MADE IN GREEN by OEKO-TEX® is a traceable product label for all kinds
of textiles and leather products including non-textile/-leather components (e.g.
accessories).The MADE IN GREEN
o label verifies that an article has been tested for harmful substances.

MADE IN GREEN BY OEKO-TEX is a traceable product label for all kinds of textiles and
leather products including non-textile components. The label verifies that an article has been
tested for harmful substances.

The aim of Global Organic Textile Standard(GOTS) is to define requiremnts to ensure organic status
of textiles, from harvesting of the raw materials, through environmentally and socially responsible
manufacturing up to labelling in order to provide a credible assurance to the end customer

Only textile products that contain a minimum of 70% organic fibres can become GOTS certified. All
chemicals inputs such as dyestuffs and auxiliaries used must meet certain environmental and
toxicological criteria

The Global Standard gGmbH on a Global Organic Textile Standard is made up of the Organic Trade
Association (OTA), The

References

https://www.oeko-tex.com/en/label-check