CLS JEEAD-19-20 XI Phy Target-3 Level-1 Chapter-6 PDF

Level-I
Chapter 6
System of Particles and
Rotational Motion
Solutions (Set-1)
Very Short Answer Type Questions :

1. The cross product of two vectors is zero. What is the angle between them?
Sol. Zero.
Vectors are parallel to each other.

A × B = AB sin θ = 0
⇒ sinθ = 0
⇒ θ = 0°
2. Name the physical quantity, which is conserved when no external torque acts on a body.
Sol. Angular momentum (L)
3. What is the moment of inertia of a right circular solid of radius r and length l about its axis?
1
Sol. I = MR 2
2
4. Define moment of inertia of a rigid body.
Sol. The moment of inertia of a rigid body about a given axis of rotation is the sum of the product of the masses
of the various particles and square of their perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation.
n
I= m r
i =1
1 i
2
5. Two equal masses are placed at a distance r from each other. Where does the centre of mass of the system lie?
Sol. The centre of mass of the system lie at the mid-point of the line forming the particles.
6. Give the expression for the total kinetic energy of a rigid body rolling down an inclined plane without slipping.
1 1
Sol. K.E. = K.Etranst + K.Erot = mv 2 + I ω 2
2 2
7. What is the relation between moment of inertia (I), angular momentum (L) and angular velocity (ω)?
Sol. L = Iω
8. Where does the centre of mass of a uniform triangular lamina lie?
Sol. At the centroid of the triangle.
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2 System of Particles and Rotational Motion Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1)
9. Which rule is used to determine the direction of torque?

Sol. Right hand screw rule.
10. Which physical quantity is expressed by the rate of change of angular velocity?
Sol. Angular acceleration.
Short Answer Type Questions :

11. What will be the effect on the duration of the day, if the ice on the polar caps of the earth melts?
Sol. When the ice on the polar caps melt the moment of inertia I increases because the mass concentrated near
the axis of rotation spreads out. As no external torque is acting on the system.
 2π 
∴ L = Iω = I   = constant
T
ω decreases, hence T increases, so the duration of the day will increase.
12. Two discs A and B have same mass and thickness. The density of their material is d1 and d2 respectively.
What is the ratio of their moments of inertia about central axis?
MR 2
Sol. Moment of inertia of disc I =
2
Let the thickness be x and radius be r1 and r2 as the masses are equal.
∴ π r12 d 1 = π r 22 d 2
r12 d 2
=
r22 d1
1 2
I1 2 Mr1 d2
=
I2 1 2 = d1
Mr
2 2
13. Two bodies of masses 3 kg and 6 kg are moving with velocities 2 m/s and 5 m/s towards each other. Calculate
the velocity of their centre of mass.
m1v1 + m2v 2
Sol. vcm =
m1 + m2
as they are moving in opposite directions therefore,
m1v1 + m2v 2 3 × 2 – 6 ×5 6 – 30 24 8
vcm = = = = – = – m/s
m1 + m2 9 9 9 3
– ve sign shows that the velocity of the C.M is in the direction of the velocity of 6 kg mass.
14. The moment of inertia of two bodies A and B are 4 kg m2 and 9 kg m2 respectively. If they have the same
rotational K.E. then calculate the ratio of their angular momenta.
1 2
Sol. K.Erotation = Iω
2
1 1
K.EA = I ω 2 , K.EB = IB ω B2
2 A A 2
K.EA = K.EB
1 1
I A ω 2A = IB ω B2
2 2
Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) (Set-1) System of Particles and Rotational Motion 3
4ω 2A = 9ω B2
ωA 9 3
= =
ωB 4 2
Angular momentum (L) = Iω
LA I A ω A 4 3 2
= ×
LB IB ω B = 9 2 = 3
15. Calculate the torque that will increase the angular velocity of a solid disc of mass 10 kg and radius 0.5 m
from zero to 10 rpm in 4 second.
Mr 2 10 × 0.5 × 0.5
Sol. Moment of inertia of solid disc I = =
2 2
= 1.25 kg m2
ω – ω0
Angular acceleration α =
t
ω0 = 0
2π × 10 π
ω = 10 r.p.m. = =
60 3
t = 4 second
π
π
α= 3 =
4 12
π
Torque (τ) = Iα = 1.25 × = 0.327 Nm
12
16. What is the moment of inertia of a thin rod of mass m and length l about an axis passing through its centre?
Also calculate the MI of the rod about a parallel axis passing through its end.
Sol. Moment of inertia of a rod about an axis passing through its centre of mass is given by
Ml 2
IAB =
12
According to parallel axis theorem, A C
2
l
ICD = I AB + m  
 2
M
ml2
ml 2
ml 2 CM
= I AB + = + l
4 12 4
l/2
ml 2 + 3ml 2 4ml 2
= = B D
12 12
ml 2
ICD =
3
17. Three rings each of mass m and radius r are arranged as shown in the figure given below. Calculate the moment
of inertia of the system about an axis yy′ as shown in figure.
y
y′
Sol. Moment of inertia ICM of the ring about an axis passing through its CM and parallel to the plane is
mr 2
ICM =
2
according to the parallel axis theorem, the moment of inertia of one ring about yy ′ is given by
Iyy ′ = ICM + mr2
mr 2
= + mr2
2
3 2
= mr
2
There are 3 rings so the total moment of inertia of the system about yy ′ is
3 1 2
I = mr2 × 2 + mr
2 2
7mr 2
=
2
18. A solid sphere of mass 1 kg and radius 2 cm is rotating at a rate of 200 rpm. Calculate the torque required
to stop it in 2π revolution.
Sol. Moment of inertia of solid sphere is given by
2 2 2 2 8
I= mr 2 = × 1× × = × 10 –4 kg m2
5 5 100 100 5
Using, ω 2 – ω 02 = 2α θ
θ = 2π × 2π = 4π2
200 × 2π 400π
ω0 = 200 rpm = =
60 60
ω=0
200
α= rad s–2
36
τ = Iα
8 200
= × 10 –4 ×
5 36
16 4
= × 10 –2 = × 10–2
5 × 36 45
= 8.88 × 10–4 Nm
19. Calculate the angular momentum of a fan having moment of inertia 3 kg m2 and moving with an angular speed
of 10 rad s–1. What is the change in the angular momentum of the fan, if torque of 20 N-m acts on it for
3 second?
Sol. L = Iω, ω = 10 rad s–1, I = 3 kg m2
L = 3 × 10 = 30 kg m2s–1
τ = 20 Nm, t = 3 second
dL = L2 – L1 = τ × t = 20 × 3 = 60 kg m2s–1
20. If the moment of inertia of a uniform circular ring about its diameter is 100 g cm2, calculate the moment of
inertia of a uniform disc of the same mass and radius, about an axis passing through its centre perpendicular
to its plane.
Sol. Moment of inertial of the ring about its diameter Iring is given by
MR 2
Iring = = 100
2
MR2 = 200
Moment of inertia of the disc of the same mass M and radius R about an axis passing through its centre
perpendicular to its plane is given by
MR 2 200
Idisc = = = 100 g cm2
2 2
21. A solid sphere rolls down an inclined plane without slipping. Calculate the ratio of the kinetic energy of translation
to the kinetic energy of rotation.
Sol. Let the mass and radius of the solid sphere be m and r respectively.
1
K.E. of translation = mv 2 ...(i)
2
where v is the linear velocity of the solid sphere with which it is moving.
1 2
K.E. of rotation = Iω ...(ii)
2
2 2
Moment of inertia of solid sphere = mr
5
v
and ω =
r
Substituting these values in (ii), we get
1 2 v2 1
K.E. of rotation = × mr 2 × 2 = mr 2 ...(iii)
2 5 r 5
Dividing (i) by (iii) we get,
1
mv 2
K.E. of translation 2 5
= 1 2 =
K.E. of rotation mv 2
5
22. Differentiate between the centre of mass and centre of gravity of a rigid body.
Sol. The centre of mass (CM) of a body is a point where the entire mass of the body is supposed to be concentrated
whereas the centre of gravity (CG) of a body is a point where the whole weight of the body is supposed to
be concentrated. Centre of mass does not have to do anything with the gravity. It depends only on the
distribution of mass of the body.
23. Define translational and rotational equilibrium.
Sol. (i) The total forces, i.e. the vector sum of the forces acting on the rigid body is zero,
n

F 1 + F 2 + ... + F n =  F i = 0 .
i =1
If the total force on the body is zero, then the total linear momentum of the body does not change with
time. So the above equation gives the condition for the translational equilibrium of the body.
(ii) If the total torque acting on the rigid body vanishes i.e., the vector sum of the torques on the rigid body
is zero,
n
τ1 + τ 2 + ...τ n =  τ = 0.
i =1
The total angular momentum of the body does not change with time. So the above equation gives the
condition for the rotational equilibrium of the body.
24. Do the comparison between translational motion and rotational motion by making a list of variables of
translational motion and their analogue rotational variable.
Sol.
S. No. Translational Motion Rotational motion about a fixed axis
1. Displacement x Angular displacement θ
dx dθ
2. Velocity v = Angular velocity ω =
dt dt
dv dω
3. Acceleration a = Angular acceleration α =
dt dt
4. Mass M Moment of inertia I
5. Force F = Ma Torque τ = Iα
6. Work dW = Fds Work dW = τdθ
Mv 2 Iω 2
7. Kinetic energy K = Kinetic energy K =
2 2
8. Power P = Fv Power P = τω
9. Linear momentum P = Mv Angular momentum L = Iω
10. Equations of translatory motion Equations of rotational motion

v = u + at ω = ω0 + αt
1 2 1 2
s = ut + at θ = ω0t + αt
2 2
2 2
v – u = 2as ω 2 – ω20 = 2αθ
where the symbols have their where the symbols have their usual
usual meaning. meaning.
11. Linear momentum is conserved if Angular momentum is conserved if no

no external force acts on the external torque acts on the system.
system.
25. Obtain an expression for the instantaneous power of a particle in terms of torque (τ) and angular velocity (ω).
dW
Sol. Power is the rate of work done P =
dt
Small work done by the torque τ acting on the particle in producing angular displacement dθ is given by
dW = τdθ
τd θ
P=
dt
dθ
is the rate of change of angular displacement, which is the angular velocity hence
dt
P = τω
26. What will be the effect on the angular momentum of a particle, if the kinetic energy of rotation of the particle
is halved keeping its frequency same?
1 2 L
Sol. Ek = Iω ; I =
2 ω
1L 2 1
So Ek = ω = Lω
2ω 2
2Ek
⇒ L=
ω
1
E k′ = L′ω′
2
ω′ = ω as frequency is same
Ek
Ek′ =
2
2E K
1
So L′ = 2 = L
ω 2
1
Angular momentum becomes .
2
27. Explain why a dancer on ice spins faster when she folds her arms.
Sol. On folding arms, r decrease hence as
I = MR2
Therefore, moment of inertia decreases on folding the arms.
L = Iω is constant as no external torque is acting
∴ I1ω1 = I2ω2
As I decreases, ω (increases) so as to maintain the same angular momentum. Hence the dancer spins faster
on folding her arms.
28. Explain why a bomb at rest when explodes, its centre of mass remains at rest.
Hint. Based on the conservation of linear momentum.
Sol. Based on the conservation of linear momentum.

29. Calculate a unit vector perpendicular to both A and B . A = (iˆ + 2 jˆ – kˆ ) , B = (iˆ – jˆ + kˆ )

( )
Sol. C is the vector which is given by A × B . C lies in the plane perpendicular to both A and B .
iˆ ˆj kˆ
1 2 –1
A×B=
1 –1 1
= iˆ ( 2 – 1) + jˆ ( –1 – 1) + kˆ ( –1 – 2)
= iˆ – 2 ˆj – 3kˆ

C = iˆ – 2 ˆj – 3kˆ

A unit vector n̂ in the direction of C is given by

iˆ – 2 jˆ – 3kˆ 1 ˆ
C
n̂ = =
C 1+ 4 + 9
=
14
(
i – 2 jˆ – 3kˆ )
30. A solid sphere of mass 10 kg and radius 1 m rotates about its axis with angular velocity of 200 rad s–1.
Calculate the angular momentum of the solid sphere about an axis passing through its diameter.
2 2 2
Sol. I = Mr = × 10 × 1 = 4 kg m2
5 5
L = Iω = 4 × 200 = 800 kg m2 s–1
Long Answer Type Questions :

31. Explain the equilibrium of a rigid body.
Sol. (i) The total forces, i.e. the vector sum of the forces acting on the rigid body is zero,
n
F 1 + F 2 + ... + F n = F
i =1
i = 0.
If the total force on the body is zero, then the total linear momentum of the body does not change with
time. So the above equation gives the condition for the translational equilibrium of the body.
(ii) If the total torque acting on the rigid body vanishes i.e. the vector sum of the torques on the rigid body
is zero,
n
τ1 + τ 2 + ...τ n = τ
i =1
= 0.
The total angular momentum of the body does not change with time. So the above equation gives the
condition for the rotational equilibrium of the body.
32. Explain the concept of angular momentum and obtain the expression for the rectangular components of angular
momentum.
Sol. Angular momentum is given by

L = r ×P
We can obtain the three rectangular components of angular moment i.e. Lx, Ly and Lz as we did in the case of Torque.

L = Lx iˆ + Ly ˆj + Lz kˆ

r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ

P = Px iˆ + Py ˆj + Pz kˆ
Using determinant method, we get
iˆ ˆj kˆ
( )
Lx iˆ + Ly ˆj + Lz kˆ = x y z
Px Py Pz
( ) ( )
= yPz – zPy iˆ + ( zPx – xPz ) ˆj + xPy – yPx zˆ
Comparing the components of both sides, we get
(
Lx = yPz – zPy ) ...(i )
Ly = ( zPx – xPz ) ...(ii )
(
Lz = xPy – yPx ) ...(iii )
And from the above three equations we get

if the particle is moving in y – z plane it has the angular momentum. Component only in x-direction
i.e. Lx ≠ 0, Ly ≠ Lz = 0
Similarly if the particle is moving in x-z plane Ly ≠ 0, Lx = Lz = 0 and if the particle is moving in x-y plane only Lz ≠
0, Lx = Ly = 0.
33. Obtain an expression for the position vector of the centre of mass of a two particle system in one, two and
three dimensions.
Sol. In one dimension, the centre of mass is given by
m1x1 + m2 x 2
x= m1 + m2
In two dimensions
m1x1 + m2 x2 m y + m2 y 2
x= ,y = 1 1
m1 + m2 m1 + m2
In three dimensions
n n n
mi xi mi y i mz
x= 
i =1 M
,y= 
i =1 M
, z= i i
i =1 M
34. Discuss the concept of torque and obtain the expression for the rectangular components of torque.
Sol. The force applied on a rigid body may rotate it in three dimensions. In that case we shall have three
components of torque, which can be obtained by using

τ=r ×F.

τ = τ x iˆ + τ y ˆj + τ z kˆ

r = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ

F = F iˆ + F jˆ + F kˆ
x y z
Using Determinant method,
iˆ ˆj kˆ
( τ iˆ + τ
x y
ˆj + τ kˆ
z ) = x y z ( ) ( )
= yFz – zFy iˆ + ( zFx – xFz ) jˆ + xFy – yFx kˆ
Fx Fy Fz
Equating the three rectangular components on two sides, we get
τ x = yFz – zFy ...(i)

τ y = zFx – xFz ...(ii)
τ z = xFy – yFx ... (iii)
From the above three equations we can see that if the object is moving in the y – z plane τx ≠ 0 and
τy = τz = 0.
Similarly if it is moving in x – z plane τy ≠ 0 and τx = τz = 0 and if it is moving in x – y plane
τz ≠ 0 and τx = τy = 0.
35. Obtain the expression for the maximum velocity of a body rolling down an inclined plane.
Sol. Consider an inclined plane of height h, as shown in the figure.
A
θ
B
Let a body roll down this inclined plane. From A to B at A, potential energy of the body is mgh as it rolls
down (according to the law of conservation of energy). Its potential energy changes into kinetic energy of rotation.
So applying here the law of conservation of energy, we get
K.E. = P.E.
1 2  k2 
⇒ mv cm  1 +
R 2 
= mgh
2
2
2gh
⇒ v cm =
 k2 
 1 +
R 2 
2gh
⇒ v cm =
 k2 
 1 +
R 2 
The above expression gives the maximum velocity with which the centre of mass of the body reaches the
bottom of the inclined plane.
36. Discuss the motion of centre of mass and law of conservation of linear momentum with the help of examples.
Sol. We know that when an object of finite size is thrown with some initial velocity at an angle with the horizontal,
it follows a parabolic path. The centre of mass of such an object also follows the parabolic path, even if the
object were to disintegrate in mid-air. For example, when a fire cracker projected from O explodes in mid-air,
the fragments fly off in different directions, describing their own parabolic paths. However, the centre of mass
of the cracker would still continue to move along the same parabolic path as shown in the figure given below.
y
Parabolic path
of the projectile
Explosion
Path of the CM
of fragments
0 x1 x
Fig. The centre of mass (CM) of the fragments of the projectile continues along the same
parabolic path which it would have followed if there were no explosion
37. Define the terms angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration. Obtain an expression showing
the relation between torque and angular momentum.

θ) is the angle described by the position vector r about the axis of rotation.
Sol. Angular displacement (θ
dθ
ω) is the rate at which angular displacement changes with time i.e. ω =
Angular velocity (ω .
dt
Angular acceleration (α α) of a rigid body is the rate of change of angular velocity of the body about the given axis
dω
of rotation i.e. α =
dt
Relation between angular momentum and torque :

d dP
dt
( )
r ×P = r ×
dt

dP
= F
dt

dP
So, r × = r ×F =τ
dt
d
Hence,
dt
r ×P =τ ( )

dl
and =τ
dt
38. Obtain an expression for the kinetic energy of rotation of a body and then, using that expression define the
moment of inertia.

Sol. Linear velocity is angular velocity ( ω) , and the relation between v i and ω is given by the relation,

v i = ω × ri

The magnitude is given by v i = ri ω sin θ . The particle of the rigid body moves in a circle of radius ri and the

velocity vi of the particle is tangent to the circle, so the angle between r and ω is 90°.

Hence, v i = ri ω hence equation becomes
1
Ki = m r 2ω 2
2 i1
The total kinetic energy of the body is given by the sum of the kinetic energy K of the body is then given by
the sum of the kinetic energies of individual particles
n
1 n
K= K i = (
 m r 2ω 2
2 i =1 i i
)
i =1
Here, n is the number of particles in the body. And as we know that ω is same for all particles so can be
taken out of the summition sign
1 2 n 1 2
K = ω  mi ri
2
⇒ K= Iω
2 i =1 2
n
where I = m r
i =1
i i
2
I is called the moment of inertia of the body about the given axis of rotation.
39. (i) State the theorem of parallel axes.

(ii) A solid sphere and a solid cylinder of the same radius and same mass roll down an inclined plane from
the same height h. Which of the two reaches the bottom with maximum velocity?
Sol. (i) Theorem of parallel axis states that the moment of inertia of a body about any axis is equal to the sum
of the moment of inertia of the body about a parallel axis passing through its centre of mass and the product
of its mass and the square of the distance between the two parallel axes.
(ii) While rolling down the inclined plane potential energy changes to kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy for the rolling is given by
1  k2 
K.E. = mv 2  1 + 2 
2  R 
P.E. = mgh
Using the law of conservation of energy, we get
1  k2 
mgh = mv 2  1 + R 2 
2
2gh
⇒ v2 =
 k2 
 1 +
R 2 
2 2
For solid sphere, k2 = R
5
2gh 5
∴ v2 = = × 2gh
 2 7
 1 + 
5
5
vspin = × 2gh
7
1 2
For solid cylinder, k2 = R
2
2gh 2
∴ v2 = = × 2gh
 1 3
 1 + 
2
2
vcylinder = × 2gh
3
vsphere > vcylinder
Therefore solid sphere reaches the bottom first.
40. (i) State the theorem of perpendicular axis.
(ii) Obtain a relation between torque and moment of inertia of a rigid body.
Sol. (i) Theorem of parallel axis states that the moment of inertia of a body about any axis is equal to the sum
of the moment of inertia of the body about a parallel axis passing through its centre of mass and the product
of its mass and the square of the distance between the two parallel axes.
(ii) In a perfectly rigid body there is no internal motion therefore, the work done by the external torques is
not dissipated and goes on to increase the kinetic energy of the body. The rate of increase of K.E. is given
d
by (K.E)
dt
1 2
K.E. of rotation motion K.E. = Iω
2
d  Iω2  2ω d ω
dt  2 
= I
2 dt
Here, we assume that moment of inertia does not change with time. This means the mass of the body
does not change. The body remains rigid and also the axis does not change i.e., its position with respect
to the body remains the same.
dω
α=
dt
d  I ω2 
= I ωα
dt  2 
Change in kinetic energy is due to work done, and the rate of change of kinetic energy is equal to the
rate at which the work is done, by the external torque which given by τω. So on equality the rate of work
done and rate of increase of K.E., we get
τω = Iωα
⇒ τ = Iα

Level-I
Chapter 6
System of Particles and
Rotational Motion
Solutions (Set-2)
[Centre of Mass]
1. A uniform solid hemisphere of radius r is joined to a uniform solid right circular cone of base radius r. Both have
same density. The centre of mass of the composite solid lies on the common face. The height (h) of the cone is
(1) 2r (2) 3r (3) 3r (4) r 6

Sol. Answer (2)
As y axis is axis of symmetry, c.m. lies on it. y
m1y1 + m2 y 2 c.m. of hemisphere

Now, y c.m. = (0, 3r/8)
m1 + m2
2  3r  1  h
⇒ 0 = ρ. πr 3 .   + ρ. πr 2 h  − 
3  8  3  4 C.M.
c.m. of cone
⇒ h= 3r (0, – h/4)
2. Two particles of equal mass are projected simultaneously with speeds 20 m/s and 10 3 m/s as shown in
figure. Find the maximum height reached by the centre of mass of the particles.
y
10 3 m/s
° 20 m/s
60
30° x
25 75 125 125
(1) m (2) m (3) m (4) m
4 16 16 4
Sol. Answer (3)
10 3 sin60° + 20 sin30° y
vy =
2
15 + 10 25 10√3 m/sec
= =
2 2
vy2 20 m/sec
hcm (max) =
2g 60°
(25) 2
625 30°
x
= = O
20 × 4 4 × 20
125
=
16
3. A man of mass 50 kg is standing on a 100 kg plank kept on a frictionless horizontal floor. Initially both are
at rest. If the man starts walking on the plank with speed 6 m/s towards right relative to the plank, then amount
of muscle energy spent by the man is
50 kg
100 kg
µ=0
(1) 600 J (2) 200 J (3) 400 J (4) 500 J
Sol. Answer (1)
Let velocity of block = v leftward
⇒ velocity of man = (6 – v) rightward
By conservation of linear momentum,
100 v = 50(6 – v) ⇒ v = 2 m/s

⇒ K.E. gained by the system = Muscle energy spent by the man
1 1
= × 50 × 42 + × 100 × 22 = 600 J
2 2
4. A body of mass m is projected from ground for horizontal range R. At the highest point it is fragmented into two
identical parts. If one parts returns back to the point of projection, then other part will have the horizontal range
3R 5
(1) R (2) (3) 2R (4) R
2 2
Sol. Answer (3)
See figure
R CM x
m.R = m.x  x = R
From point of projection 2R
5. Two smooth prisms of similar right-triangular sections are arranged on a smooth horizontal plane as shown in
figure. The lower prism has a mass η times the upper prism. The prisms are held in an initial position as shown
and are then released. As the upper prism touches the horizontal plane, the distance moved by the lower prism is
b
a
a−b a−b a−b
(1) (a – b) (2) (3) (4)
η (1 − η) 1+ η
Sol. Answer (4)
Relative horizontal displacement of upper prism as it touches ground = a – b
If lower prism moves x leftwards, displacement of upper prism = a – b – x rightwards
Thus, by conservation of momentum in horizontal direction for the system
Δx1 Δx 2
m1 = m2
Δt Δt
⇒ m1|Δx1| = m2|Δx2| = ηm.x = m(a – b – x)
a−b
⇒ x=
1+ η
6. A loaded spring gun initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless surface fires a marble at angle of elevation θ .
The mass of the gun is M, the mass of the marble is m, and hte muzzle velocity of the marble is v0. The
final velocity of the gun is
mv 0 cos θ mv 0 mv 0 sin θ mv 0 cos θ

(1) (2) (3) (4)
M m+M m+M (m + M )
Sol. Answer (4)
(v x )cm = 0
−MVf + m(v 0 cos θ − v f ) = 0
mv 0 cos θ
vf =
(M + m )
7. Two blocks of mass 2 kg and 5 kg are given speed as shown in the figure. System is lying on a frictionless
surface and the blocks are connected by a massless spring if spring constant 35 N/m. Find the maximum
compression in the spring.
k
5 m/s 2 kg 5 kg 2 m/s
(1) 2 2 m (2) 2m (3) ( 2 + 1) m (4) 2( 2 + 1) m
Sol. Answer (2)

Loss in K.E. = gain EPE
1 2 1 1
⇒ kx = m1v12 + m2v 22
2 2 2
1 1 1
⇒ × 35 x 2 = 2 × 25 + × 5 × 4
2 2 2
⇒ 35 x 2 = 70
70
⇒ x2 =
35
⇒ x = 2m
8. A shell moving through the air is split into two fragments of masses m1 and m2 by its explosion which adds on
energy E to the fragments. The magnitude of relative velocity between the two fragments after explosion is
2E (m1 + m2 ) (m1 + m2 )  m1 + m2 
(1) (2) 2E (3) 2E   (4) Zero
(m1m2 ) m1m2  m1m2 
Sol. Answer (1)
m1m2
m = reduced mass of the system = m + m
1 2
1 2
⇒ E= mv rel
2
2E 2E (m1 + m2 )
⇒ v rel = m
=
m1m2
9. A body of mass M is moving on a smooth surface with speed v0. Another body of same mass M attached to a
spring is kept on the same surface as shown. The moving mass makes an impact with the spring of spring constant
k and starts compressing it. What is the maximum compression in the spring?
v0
M M
M v 0M M 2M
(1) v 0 (2) (3) v 0 (4) v 0
k k 2k k
Sol. Answer (3)
At the moment of maximum compression both blocks will have same speed.
By conservation linear momentum,
v v0
2Mv = Mv 0  v = 0 k
2 M M Initial
By conservation of mechanical energy,
1 1 v2  1 v v
Mv 02 + 0 = 2 M  0  + kx 2
2 2 u  2
M M Final
1 1
⇒ Mv 02 = kx 2
4 2
M
⇒ x = v0
2k
10. A uniform rod of mass M and length L is standing vertically along the y-axis on a smooth horizontal surface
as shown. A small disturbance causes the lower end to slip on the smooth horizontal surface and rod starts
falling. The path followed by centre of mass of the rod during the fall is
(1) Circular (2) Elliptical (3) Straight line (4) Parabolic

Sol. Answer (3)
No friction ⇒ No horizontal force
⇒ horizontal acceleration = zero
⇒ centre of mass accelerates on vertical straight line
[Kinematics of Rotational Motion]

11. A rigid rod is rotating as well as translating on a smooth horizontal surface. The velocities of its ends at any
moment are as shown in figure. If θ = 60º, find the value of v2.
v2
90–θ
v1 = 5 m/s
θ
(1) 8.66 m/s (2) 5 m/s (3) 4 m/s (4) 2.88 m/s
Sol. Answer (4)
V2 sinθ
90°
–θ
V2
V2 cosθ 5
5 sinθ
5 cosθ θ
As components of velocities of ends along the length of rod are equal

V2 sinθ = 5cosθ
5
⇒ V2 = 5cotθ = 5cot60° = = 2.88 m/s
3
[Rotational Equilibrium]
 T1 
12. A rod AB of mass m is hung by two ideal threads. Find the ratio of tensions in the two threads  T  .
 2
T1 T2
A L/4 B
L/2
1 1 4 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 3 3 5
Sol. Answer (4)

Taking the torque about the centre of the rod
L L L
T1 + mg = T2
2 4 2
mg
T2 − T1 =
2
T1 + T2 = 2mg
5mg 3
T2 = ,T1 = mg
4 4
T1 3
=
T2 5
13. A cubical block of height a and width b is placed on the horizontal surface with sufficient friction. For a given
force,
b
f
(1) Probability of toppling is more if b > a (2) Probability of toppling is more if a > b
(3) Probability of toppling is more if a = b (4) Block will not topple at all
Sol. Answer (2)
mgb
Minimum force required to make toppling =
2a
If b < a, the toppling will occur at lesser value of F.
[Moment of Inertia]
14. The moment of inertia of a semi circular disc of mass M and radius R about an axis passing through the point
O and perpendicular to the plane of disc is (shown in figure)
M
R
O
1 1
(1) MR 2 (2) MR 2 (3) MR 2 (4) 2MR 2
2 4
Sol. Answer (2)
If it were a complete disc its mass would be 2M and
moment of inertia would be

1
(2M )R 2 = MR 2
2
1
⇒ I for half the disc = MR 2
2
15. Four rods of equal mass m and length L forms a square ABCD as shown in figure. The moment of inertia of
ABCD about the axis OO′ passing through the point A lying in the plane of square is
O
B
A C
D
O′
2 mL2 8
(1) mL2 (2) (3) 4mL2 (4) mL2
3 6 3
Sol. Answer (4)
I for rod in figure-A L
2
mL2 sin2 θ B
=
3
45°
⇒ for figure-B, (about axis-2)
A C
L
mL2 sin2 45° θ
IAD = IAB = IBC = IDC = 45°
3
⇒ I2 = I about axis-2 D
Axis Axis
4mL2 sin2 45° 2mL2 Axis 1 2
= IAB + IBC + ICD + IAD = =
3 3 (Figure-A) (Figure B)
⇒ I1 = I about axis-1
2
 L  2mL2 4mL2 8mL2
= I2 + 4m   = + =
 2 3 2 3
16. From a uniform sphere of mass M and radius R a cavity of diameter R is created as shown. Find the ratio of
moment of inertia of the sphere left about AA′ and BB′.
A A′
B′
15 28 31 62
(1) (2) (3) (4)
28 15 30 57
Sol. Answer (4)
2 2 M R2
I A′ = MR2 – ×
5 5 8 4
2 31
= MR 2 ×
5 32
2 7 M R2
IB′ = MR 2 −
5 5 8 4
2  7 
= MR 2 1 − 64 
5  
2 57
= MR 2 ×
5 64
I A′ 31 64 62
= × =
IB′ 32 57 57
17. The ratio of the radii of gyration of a spherical shell and solid sphere of the same mass and radius about a
tangential axis is
(1) 3: 7 (2) 5: 6 (3) 25 : 21 (4) 21 : 25
Sol. Answer (3)
2 2
Ishell = mr 2 + mr 2 Ishell = mr 2 + mr 2
3 5
5 7
MK 2shell = mr 2 MK 2shell = mr 2
3 5
2 r m
MK shell 5 5 m r
Ratio = MK 2 = ×
sphere
3 7
K shell shell sphere

⇒ = 25 : 21
K sphere
[Dynamics of Rotational Motion]

 1
18. A force F = (3iˆ + 4 jˆ)N is acting on a point mass m =   kg at a point A (2m, 2m). Find the angular
2
acceleration of the line OA at this instant.
→
F
A
1 1 1
(1) 1 rad/s2 (2) rad/s2 (3) rad/s2 (4) rad/s2
2 4 8
Sol. Answer (2)

OA = 2iˆ + 2 ˆj

F = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj
iˆ = 2kˆ
Ix + l y 4+4 8
I= = = =4
2 2 2
∵ iˆ = I α
iˆ 2 1
⇒ α= = = rad/s2
I 4 2
19. A ring of mass m and radius R is acted upon by a force F as shown in the figure. There is sufficient friction
between the ring and the ground. The force of friction force necessary for pure rolling is
F
R
F F F
(1) forward (2) forward (3) Zero (4) backward
2 3 4
Sol. Answer (3)
F
Applying τ = I α about bottom most point
F ⋅ 2R F F
α= = a=
I MR M f
i.e., Force of friction is zero.
20. A solid sphere of mass 2 kg is pulled by a constant force acting at its centre on a rough surface having
coefficient of friction 0.5. The maximum value of F so that the sphere rolls without slipping is
(1) 70 N (2) 25 N (3) 40 N (4) 35 N

Sol. Answer (4)
Method-1
In limiting case f limiting friction acts on the
surface of sphere, as shown.
F − μmg a
a=
m
τ μmgr 5μg F
α= = = 5μg
I 2 2 2r ⇒ r α = α
mr 2
5
By condition of rolling, μmg = 10 N
a = rα
5μmg
F – μmg =
2
7
⇒ F= μmg = 35 N
2
Method-2 N
For translational motion,
F – fr = m × α …(i) F a
For rotational motion, α
fr
fr × R = Iα …(ii) mg
and condition of pure rolling is

a=α×R …(iii)
from (i), (ii) and (iii)
F F 2F
fr = = =
mR 2 5 7
1+ 1+
I 2
In case of rolling
2F
fr ≤ 0.5 × 2 × 10 ⇒ ≤ 10 ⇒ F ≤ 35 N
7
21. A solid cylinder is rolling without slipping with velocity of its centre of mass v and angular velocity about its
centre of mass ω on a horizontal frictionless surface as shown in figure. If it collides with a frictionless vertical
wall X, then after collision its velocity and angular velocity respectively become
X
ω
v ω
(1) , (2) –v, –ω (3) –v, ω (4) v, –ω
2 2
Sol. Answer (3)
After collision with the smooth wall
Since there will be no external torque so angular velocity will
ω
remain same and linear velocity of centre of mass will be in
opposite direction. v
So correct answer –v, ω.
22. A cylinder is rolling without slipping on a plank which is also moving with speed 10 m/s on a horizontal surface
as shown. The speed of centre of the cylinder is 20 m/s. The mass of cylinder is 2 kg. The kinetic energy of
the cylinder when observed from ground is
20 m/s
10 m/s
(1) 450 J (2) 500 J (3) 600 J (4) 800 J

Sol. Answer (1)
For no slipping
10 = 20 – ωr
⇒ ωr = 10
1 1 1 ω
 20
⇒ K.E. = mv 2 +  mr 2  ω2
2 22 
1 1 10 = 20–ω × r
= × 2 × 202 + × 2 × 102 = 450 J
2 4
23. A hollow spherical ball rolls down on a parabolic path AB from a height ‘h’ as shown in the figure. Path AB
is rough enough to prevent slipping of ball and path BC is frictionless. The height to which the ball will climb
in BC is
A O C
h
h 3h 4h
(1) h (2) (3) (4)
2 5 7
Sol. Answer (3)
Total kinetic energy at B = mgh
2
Rotational kinetic energy at B = mgh
5
Since BC is smooth so ω will not change.
Total mechanic energy at B = Total mechanical energy at C
2
mgh = mgh′ + mgh
5
⇒ h ′ = 3h
5
24. The minimum horizontal force applied to the centre of wheel of radius R and weight w to pull it over a step of
height R/2
F
R
R/2
w w
(1) w (2) (3) w 3 (4)
2 3
Sol. Answer (3)
For pulling the wheel over the step
R 3R
F× >w×
2 2
F >w 3 Fmin = w 3
25. Three identical rods A, B and C each having length are in shape of letter H as shown in the figure and free
to move in vertical plane. Find the velocity of A at the lowest position when the system is disturbed slightly.
A
9g
(1) g (2) (3) 9g (4) 5g
2
Sol. Answer (2)
l
Ui = 3mg ⋅ , ki = 0
2
l 1
Uf = −3mg ⋅ , kf = I ω2
2 2
Initial position
1  ml 2 
=  + ml 2  ω2
2 3 
⇒ By conservation of mechanic energy,

Final position
1 4ml 2 2
3mg l = ⋅ ⋅ω
2 3
2 9g 9g
⇒ ω =  ω=
2l 2l
26. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius r is rotating about its axis with an angular speed ω. Two particles having
mass m each are now attached at diametrically opposite points. The angular speed of the ring will become
ωM ωM ωm ω(M + 2m )
(1) (2) (3) (4)
m+M M + 2m m + 2M M
Sol. Answer (2)
By conservation of angular momentum,

Linitial = Lfinal
ωM
Mr2ω = (M + 2m)r2ω’ ⇒ ω ' =
M + 2m
27. A rod of mass m and length hinged at its centre is placed on a horizontal surface. A bullet of mass m moving
with velocity v strikes the end A of the rod and gets embedded in it. The angular velocity with which the system
rotates about its centre of mass after the bullet strikes the rod
v
m A
3v 5v 2v v
(1) ω = (2) ω = (3) ω = (4) ω =
2 4 3 3
Sol. Answer (1)
Applying angular momentum conservation about point O,
mv  m2  
2
= + m  ω
2  12  2  

v 3v
⇒ = ω  ω=
2 3 2l
28. Consider a system consisting of two identical balls each of mass M connected by a light rigid rod as shown
in figure. An impulse J = MV is imparted to the system at one of its ends. The angular velocity of the system
would be
L
M M
J = MV
V 2V V V
(1) (2) (3) (4)
L L 3L 4L
Sol. Answer (1)
Angular impulse = change in angular momentum
2
L   L   V
⇒ MV . =  2.M   ω ⇒ ω =
2   2   L
29. Assuming the mass distribution of the earth to be spherically symmetric, if the radius of the earth contracts
to half of its present value, the duration of the day will be
(1) 48 h (2) 24 h (3) 12 h (4) 6 h
Sol. Answer (4)
I1ω1 = I2ω2
2 2π 2 MR 2 2π
MR 2 × = ×
5 T1 5 4 T2
T1
T2 = =6h
4
30. A uniform rod of length 6 a and mass 8 m lies on a smooth horizontal table. Two particles of masses m and
2 m moving in the same horizontal plane with speed 2 v and v respectively, strike the rod and stick to the
rod after collision as shown in the figure. The velocity of centre of mass and angular velocity about centre of
mass just after collision are respectively
2m
8m
2a a 2a a
m
v v v v v v
(1) , (2) 0, (3) 0, (4) ,
4 5a 5a 6a 4 6a
Sol. Answer (2)
By conservation of linear momentum,
Initial momentum = Final momentum
⇒ m(2v) – 2mv = 11mvc.m.
⇒ vc.m. = 0
By conservation of angular momentum about centre of mass of the system,
2
 (8m ) (6a ) 
2mva + m(2v) (2a) =  + 2ma 2 + m(2a )2  × ω
 12 
v
⇒ 6mva = 30ma2ω ⇒ ω =
5a
31. A small object of uniform density rolls up a curved surface with an initial velocity v. It reaches up to a maximum
3v 2
height of with respect to the initial position. The object is
4g
(1) Ring (2) Solid sphere (3) Hollow sphere (4) Disc
Sol. Answer (4)
1  K2  3v 2
mv 2  1 + 2  = mg ×
2  r  4g
K2 3 K2 1
1+ 2
=  2 =  Disc
r 2 r 2
32. A ball of mass (m) 0.5 kg is attached to the end of a string having length (L) 0.5 m. The ball is rotated on a
horizontal circular path about vertical axis. The maximum tension that the string can bear is 324 N. The maximum
possible value of angular velocity of ball (in radian/s) is
m
(1) 9 (2) 18 (3) 27 (4) 36
Sol. Answer (4)
Tsinθ = mω2l sin θ

Tmax
⇒ ωmax = = 36 rad/s
ml
33. A particle of mass m moving with velocity v0 hits a stationary thin, uniform ring of equal mass m lying
horizontally on a smooth horizontal surface, tangentially and sticks to it. The angular speed of system after
collision is
m
R
m v0
v0 v0 2v0 v0
(1) 2 R (2) 3R (3) 3R (4) 4R
Sol. Answer (2)
R   2 mR 2  mR 2 
mv0 ×   =  mR + +  × ω
2  4  4 
v0
⇒ ω = 3R
34. A uniform rod of mass m and length L with a particle of mass m attached at one end is released from
horizontal position. The other end of rod is hinged. The angular speed of rod when it becomes vertical
is
m, L m
3 g 3g 2g 3g
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 L L 3L 2L
Sol. Answer (1)
2
 L  1  mL 
mgL + mg   =  + mL2  × ω2
2 2 3 

3 g
⇒ω=
2 L
35. A smooth, uniform solid sphere, rolling without slipping with velocity v0, collides elastically and head-
on with a stationary identical sphere placed on a rough horizontal surface. The velocity of second sphere
when it starts pure rolling, is
v0
Rough
2v0 5 v0 5 v0 2v0
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 7 6 3
Sol. Answer (2)
7 2  vc 
mv0 × R =  mR  ×  
5  R
5v 0
⇒ vc =
7
36. A reel of thread is released from rest by holding one end of thread at rest. Consider the reel as a hollow
cylinder. The acceleration of centre of reel is
Fixed
g g g 2g
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 3 4 3
Sol. Answer (1)

 ae 
mgR = (2mR2) ×  
R
g
⇒ ae =
2
37. A disc of radius R is rolling without slipping with velocity v0 on a stationary surface. The radius of curvature
of path of particle B at the position shown is
v0
B
(1) 2R (2) 4R (3) 2R (4) 2 2 R
Sol. Answer (4)
vB = 2 v0
a
 v 02 
a =  R  vB= 2 v0
 
( v B )2
= 2 2R
∴ rB =  a 
 
 2
38. A solid cylinder is released from rest from top of an inclined plane of height h. If it rolls down without
slipping, then speed of its centre of mass when it reaches the ground is
2g h 3g h 4g h
(1) 2g h (2) (3) (4)
3 5 3
Sol. Answer (4)
2
1 3  v
mgh = ×  mR 2  × c2
2 2  R
4 gh
⇒ vc =
3
39. A small ball of mass m is released from rest from the position shown in figure. The wedge is of equal
mass m and friction is absent everywhere. The normal reaction exerted on the ball when it reaches the
lowest position is
m
R
Smooth
(1) 3mg (2) 2mg (3) 4mg (4) 5mg
Sol. Answer (4)
1 2
mgR =  mv  × 2
 2 
⇒ v= gr
2
m × ( 2v )
∴ N = mg + = 5mg
R
40. A uniform solid hemisphere and a uniform hollow hemisphere of equal mass and equal radius R are joined as
shown in figure. The distance of centre of mass from point O is
R R 3R 3R
(1) (2) (3) (4)
8 16 8 16
Sol. Answer (2)
R  3R 
M ×   +M × – 
2  8  R
Xcm = =
M +M 16
v0
41. A uniform solid sphere is given velocity v0 and angular velocity ω0 = 2 R and placed on a rough horizontal
surface as shown. The velocity of centre of mass when pure rolling starts, is
ω0
v0
Rough
2v0 4 v0 2v0 3 v0
(1) (2) (3) (4)
5 7 7 7
Sol. Answer (2)
2  v  7  v 
mv 0 R – mR 2 ×  0  =  mR 2  ×  c 
5  2R   5  R
4v 0
⇒ vc =
7
42. Three co-planar uniform identical discs, each of mass M and radius R, are joined as shown in figure. The
moment of inertia about indicated axis is
Axis
13 17 11 9
(1) MR 2 (2) MR 2 (3) MR 2 (4) MR 2
4 4 4 4
Sol. Answer (3)
5 2 MR 2 11 MR 2
IAxis =  MR  × 2 + =
4  4 4
43. A hollow sphere is rolling (without slipping) on horizontal surface with velocity v0. It then moves up a curved
track. If sliding does not occur, then maximum height moved-up by sphere is
v0
v 02 5 v 02 v 02 2 v 02
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3g 6g 2g 3g
Sol. Answer (2)
2
1 5  v 
×  mR 2  ×  0  = mg × h
2 3  R m
5v 02
⇒ hm =
6g
44. A block of mass m is attached at one end of string and other end of string is wrapped over a solid cylinder
of mass 2m and radius R as shown. When released, the tension in the string is
2m, R
mg mg 2m g mg
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 3 3 6
Sol. Answer (1)

mg × R g
a= ×R =
 2 2m × R 2 2
mR + 
 2 
mg
∴ T = m(g – a) =
2
45. A solid sphere of mass M and radius R is pulled by a force F as shown in figure. If the sphere does not slip
over the surface, then frictional force acting on the sphere is
F
Rough, μ
2F 3F 2F
(1) (2) (3) (4) Zero
7 7 5
Sol. Answer (2)
7 a 
F × 2R = MR 2 ×  e 
5 R
10 F
⇒ ae = 7 M
∴ F + fs = m × ae
3F
⇒ fs =
7
46. A hollow sphere is released from rest on rough inclined surface of inclination θ. If coefficient of friction is μ,
then maximum value of θ so that the sphere rolls without slipping is
–1  3 μ  –1  5 μ 
(1) tan   (2) tan–1 ( 3 μ ) (3) tan–1 ( 5 μ ) (4) tan  
 2   2 
Sol. Answer (4)
2
fs = mg sinθ ≤ μ mg cosθ
5
 5μ 
⇒ tanθ ≤  
 2 
–1  5 μ 
⇒ θmax = tan  
 2 


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Level-I

Very Short Answer Type Questions :

9. Which rule is used to determine the direction of torque?

Short Answer Type Questions :

1. Displacement x Angular displacement θ

4. Mass M Moment of inertia I

6. Work dW = Fds Work dW = τdθ

9. Linear momentum P = Mv Angular momentum L = Iω

10. Equations of translatory motion Equations of rotational motion

11. Linear momentum is conserved if Angular momentum is conserved if no

Long Answer Type Questions :

And from the above three equations we get

Using Determinant method,

Equating the three rectangular components on two sides, we get

τ x = yFz – zFy ...(i)

39. (i) State the theorem of parallel axes.

(1) 2r (2) 3r (3) 3r (4) r 6

m1y1 + m2 y 2 c.m. of hemisphere

100 v = 50(6 – v) ⇒ v = 2 m/s

mv 0 cos θ mv 0 mv 0 sin θ mv 0 cos θ

(1) 2 2 m (2) 2m (3) ( 2 + 1) m (4) 2( 2 + 1) m

Sol. Answer (2)

(1) Circular (2) Elliptical (3) Straight line (4) Parabolic

[Kinematics of Rotational Motion]

As components of velocities of ends along the length of rod are equal

Sol. Answer (4)

If it were a complete disc its mass would be 2M and

moment of inertia would be

K shell shell sphere

[Dynamics of Rotational Motion]

(1) 70 N (2) 25 N (3) 40 N (4) 35 N

In limiting case f limiting friction acts on the

surface of sphere, as shown.

and condition of pure rolling is

(1) 450 J (2) 500 J (3) 600 J (4) 800 J

Sol. Answer (2)

⇒ By conservation of mechanic energy,

By conservation of angular momentum,

Applying angular momentum conservation about point O,

Tsinθ = mω2l sin θ

Sol. Answer (1)

(1) 2R (2) 4R (3) 2R (4) 2 2 R

Sol. Answer (4)

Sol. Answer (3)

Sol. Answer (2)

Sol. Answer (1)

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