AS332L BRISTOW TIGER

TECHNICAL NOTES FOR AIRCREW

Section 1 Basic Construction

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This study guide has been produced by G. Crookshanks with the autopilot section by T. Rolfe.

It is for technical guidance during AS332L Conversion Courses and for Aircrew refresher
training.

Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of these notes, they do not
countermand the AS332L Flight Manual or Part B of the Operations Manual.

These notes are for use by Bristow Helicopters employees only.

If anyone has any suggestions or corrections to this manual then please contact the Aberdeen
Training School.

© G. K. Crookshanks

August, 2003

Section 1 Basic Construction

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 Contents
Section 1 Basic Construction and Limitations

Section 2 Central Warning Systems

Section 3 Electrical Systems

Section 4 Airframe Fuel System

Section 5 Hydraulic Systems

Section 6 Undercarriage

Section 7 Transmission Systems

Section 8 Flying Controls

Section 9 Pitot Static Systems

Section 10 Ice and Rain Protection

Section 11 Heating and Ventilation

Section 12 Lighting Systems

Section 13 Engine

A) Introduction, Limitations and General Description

B) Controls and Indications
C) Oil System
D) Air System
E) Fuel System
F) Electrical System
G) Fire Protection
H) Engine Malfunctions

Section 14 Autopilot

Section 15 Flotation Equipment

Section 16 Integrated Health and Usage Monitoring System (IHUMS)

Section 17 Audio Voice Alerting Device (AVAD)

Section 18 Automatically Deployed Emergency Locator Transmitter (ADELT)

Section 19 Performance

Section 20 To Be Incorporated

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 Section 1

Basic Construction, Limitations & Capacities

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 Light Alloy Kevlar

Composite, Honeycomb-glass Cloth Titanium

Sandwich Structure - Metal Honeycomb, Altuglass (Triplex glass for pilots

with Metal Skin windshield)

Figure 1 – Aircraft Structure

1. Air Intake Cowling 16. Loading Hatch

2. Fire Wall 17. Cabin Door
3. Engine Cowling (constructed of light alloy) 18. Cabin Floor
4. Transmission Deck 19. Landing Gear Fairing
5. Engine Sliding Cowling 20. Foot Step
6. Upper Structure 21. Hydraulic Line Protective Channel
7. Tail Drive Shaft Fixed Cowling 22. Bottom Structure
8. Tail Drive Shaft Opening Fairing 23. Fuel Tank Compartment Trim
9. TGB Fairing 24. Cockpit Floor
10. Pylon Fairing 25. Console
11. Horizontal Stabiliser 26. Radome
12. Tail Skid (Steel) 27. Co-Pilots Door
13. Lower Fin 28. Canopy
14. Tail Boom 29. Forward Fixed Fairing (Overhead Panel)
15. Intermediate Structure

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 15 13 15
DME CWP 5
2 4 ALT 2
ALT ASI ASI
6
7 7 3 RAD
RAD HSI TQ 3 HSI TQ
RADAR 16 17
10
VSI 1 NR 8 8 VSI 1 NR
11
14 18 14
2 9 9 2
12 12

Figure 2 – Instrument Panel

1. Nav. Aid Switching Panel 10. Electrical OAT Gauge

2. Autopilot Hold selection panel 11. Temperature & Pressure Gauges
3. Marker lights 12. Fresh Air Vents
4. Co-Pilots Digital Clock 13. Standby Artificial Horizon
5. Collective Pitch Gauge 14. Undercarriage ‘UP’ Warning Light
6. Captains Analogue Clock 15. WARN and ALARM Attention Getters
7. Engine Ng Gauges 16. Engine POWER Warning Lights
8. Engine T4 Gauges 17. MAX NR and MIN NR Warning Lights
9. Engine Oil Temperature/Pressure Gauges 18. Compass Correction Cards

4-Way Beeper Trim Button

Cargo Release Button

AVAD Inhibit
Coupler Disengage Button

Intercom/Transmit Switch Trim Release Button

Autopilot Disengage Button

Figure 3 – Cyclic Control

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 FUEL ICE LIGHTS

GPS AUTOPILOT GEAR

FUEL
PANEL
NAV NAV ICE
1 2 DETECTOR

ADF AP
AVAD HEAT

P2 STATION P1 STATION
VHF VHF STANDBY
BOX BOX
1 2 COLLECTIVE
PITCH GAUGE
IHUMS 12
13
14
15
16

ADELT

AFDS
XPDR Undercarriage
EXIS FLOATS COMPASS Emergency
SLAVING Lowering
DOOR P3 STATION Handle
WARNINGS BOX

Parking Brake
ACCESS FOR NOSE
HAND PUMP WHEEL
LOCK
COLLECTIVE
FRICTION

Figure 4 – Centre Consul and Cockpit Floor Area

Hoist Emergency Shear

AP Hydraulics Nose Landing Light

Hoist Up/Down
Nose Light 4-Way Trimmer
Autopilot BARAN Release

Floatation Gear
Inflation Button

Off-set Bleeds

Under Slung Load Emergency Release

Windshield Wipers

Figure 5 – Collective Control

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 DOME 5
2
LIGHT 1 4
3 6

7 GYROS 7
MISSION ELECTRICAL
SELECTOR SWITCHING 8
PANEL 9
13
15 15
10
14 FIRE EXT. PANEL
11
IHUMS ELECTRICAL
MONITORING 12
PANEL
16

18
17 19

Figure 6 – Overhead Cockpit Panel

1. CVR Cockpit Area Microphone

2. Utility Wander Light
3. Dinghy and Storm Lights
4. Heater Distribution Selector
5. Heater Control
6. Vertical Gyros Fast Slaving Switches
7. Crash Handles
8. Overhead Panel Lighting and Warning Light Test Button
9. Centre Console Lighting and Warning Light Test Button
10. Pilot’s Instrument Lighting Controls
11. Cabin, Cockpit, Emergency and Ordinance Lights
12. Flood Lights, Nav. Lights, Anti-collision/Strobe Lights
13. Co-Pilot’s Instrument Lighting Controls
14. Engine Intake Heater Mats Control Panel
15. Map Lights
16. Engine Speed Select Levers
17. Engine Fuel Shut-Off Levers
18. Rotor Brake Safety Lever
19. Rotor Brake Lever

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BASIC CONSTRUCTION

Cockpit

A light alloy welded structure with radome attachments and ventilation flap in the front section.
Transparent panels are fitted in the doors and nose section. The two lateral windscreens have
windscreen wipers and can be heated. Crashworthy seats are fitted for the 2 pilots and a 3rd crew
member's seat may be fitted in the aisle. Under the cockpit floor are located the gyros and certain
electrical and flying controls items.

The nose compartment, sealed by a hinged Radome, contains the main battery, autopilot computer and
various electronic printed circuit boards (PCB). Below and around the nose section is attached an
inflatable flotation bag.

Cockpit doors should not be used as hand holds to climb into or out of the cockpit.

Micro switches on the Radome locks illuminate a warning if they are not properly secured. A retractable
landing light is incorporated under the nose section.

Upper Structure

It is made of a semi-monocoque design manufactured in light alloy. The stressed skin panels have
openings for windows and doors.

The upper skin panels, constituting the transmission decking are made of titanium.

The forward compartments contain hydraulic components (including autopilot hydraulic pack), and flying
control linkages on the starboard side, and on the port side, the electrical control systems, transformers
and rectifiers.

Bottom Structure

It is made of conventional semi-monocoque construction of light alloy. It is cradle shaped to

accommodate fuel tanks in the lower portion. The floor is made of strengthened honeycomb sandwich
type material and is bolted to lower section over the fuel tanks and has attachment points for seats or
freight.

Below the electrical compartment on the port side, is an access panel for external power connections.
Indications are given to the crew if this panel is not secured.

The top and bottom structures when riveted together form the cabin compartment with seating for 18
passengers.

A standby battery is located on port side just aft of the door.

Intermediate Structure

This is made of a light alloy semi-monocoque construction composed of two half shells riveted together
and closed at the bottom by a hinged access door. This compartment forms the baggage hold capable of
carrying 920 lbs spread over 3 different loading areas.

Indication is given to the crew if the cargo door is not correctly closed and locked.

The above 3 sections are riveted together to form the main airframe assembly. The 'L' version of the
AS332 is extended in the vicinity of the front cabin window by 765 mm.

Tail Boom

This is made of a light alloy semi-monocoque construction of 3 elements; horizontal structure, inclined
pylon and keel, attached to intermediate section by ring of bolts. The upper surface carries bearing
supports for tail rotor transmission and IGB. The pylon carries supports for TGB, tail rotor, and horizontal
stabiliser.

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The keel is made up of ribs and light alloy skin and its lower portion contains a laminated shoe. The tail
skid and its shock absorber are attached to the pylon.

Cowlings

The two over engine cowlings are made of light alloy and the front and rear sliding cowlings are made of
a fibre glass material. The rear engine cowling (Dog House) slides rearwards and the two engine
cowlings are hinged outboards to form walkways. They have a maximum load of 800 lbs. The front intake
cowling, which has a lower central intake for air conditioning equipment and supports a "Chip Basket"
intake guard for each engine, slides forward. Cowlings are locked by handles and quick release pins. An
indication is given to the crew if cowlings are not closed correctly. This is by means of a proximity switch
on the sliding cowling.

Cowlings should not be opened in winds exceeding 40 kts.

Cowlings along the tail boom and inclined pylon are hinged and made of Kevlar. The cowling over the tail
rotor shaft at the gearbox end is made of light alloy and is bolted on.

Horizontal Stabiliser

This is fitted on port side it is of an inverted aerofoil shape with a positive incidence. It is composed of a
spar and ribs covered with a light alloy skin. A fixed slat extends in front of the stabiliser to improve the
airflow over the aerofoil.

Doors

The crew members doors are of light alloy framework with plastic windows and provision for map case.
A sliding window is provided. The doors are jettisonable by means of guarded handles near the hinge.
Correct locking is indicated by a red "Flag" on the upper framework and by micro switches on the
catches. Care should be taken when opening doors in high winds and when closing doors to ensure
correct location of locking catches.

Plug type sliding doors are fitted to cabin on either side. These doors slide on hinged rollers, which allow
the door to fit flush with airframe when closed and require a certain knack in opening and closing. The
Starboard door can be jettisoned from the cockpit by means of a guarded handle on the bulkhead behind
the Captains seat. Both doors can be jettisoned by guarded handles just forward and above each door in
the cabin. A perspex cover is fitted over the starboard door inner handle as this door is normally only
opened in an emergency, the normal passenger entry and exit being by the port door.

Indication of correct closing of doors is given to the crew via series wired micro switches on each lock.

All windows in the cabin may be jettisoned but the primary emergency exits are the large windows at the
front of the cabin on either side, the main cabin doors and the cockpit doors.

Sponsons

Light alloy sponsons are attached either side and house a fixed floodlight and the main undercarriage
when retracted. Each sponson supports an inflatable flotation bag with the flotation gas bottle housed in
the sponson.

Transmission Deck

This is made of titanium and has attachment points for the engines, hydraulic reservoirs, fire bottles, oil
cooler and main gearbox. The main gearbox is supported on a "Barbecue" plate made of titanium and
transmits lift via 3 support struts.

The engines are separated by a titanium firewall and ventilation air can enter via flaps at the front of the
transmission decking. The decking is fitted with drains to allow spillage to drain away via pipelines to
below the aircraft.

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 LIMITATIONS AND CAPACITIES

Loading Limitations

Maximum A.U.W. 18,960 lbs (8,600 kg)

Minimum approved Wt 10,000 lbs (4,500 kg)

C of G Datum 4.67 m (183.86 ins) forward of the main rotor mast

Aft C of G Limits Below 15,430 lbs (7,000 kg) 4.90 m (192.9 ins)
At 18,960 lbs (8,600 kg) 4.85 m (190.9 ins)

Forward C of G Limits Below 15,430 lbs (7,000 kg) 4.40 m (173.2 ins)
At 18,960 lbs (8,600 kg) 4.52 m (177.9 ins)

Transverse C of G Limits 0.08 m (3.15 ins) Left

0.09 m (3.55 ins) Right

Cabin Floor Loading 1.16 lbs/sq. ins (167 lbs/ft sq.)

Cargo Bay Loading Upper Shelf 250 lbs (40 lbs/ft sq.) maximum
Lower Shelf 550 lbs (80 lbs/ft sq.) maximum
Tail 120 lbs (15 lbs/ft sq.) maximum

Speed Limitations

Power On Flight

VNE. (Weights up to 18,410 lbs) 167 kts

(Weights above 18,410 lbs) 150 kts

VNO. VNE minus 10 kts

Power OFF Flight

VNE. (Weights up to 18,410 lbs) 150 kts

(Weights above 18,410 lbs) 145 kts

Run on speed 40 kts

Taxying speed 40 kts
Braking speed 30 kts
Plug doors open flight speed 150 kts maximum
Plug doors operating flight speed 55 kts maximum
Landing light manoeuvring speed 110 kts maximum
Undercarriage lowering speed 110 kts (recommended)
Autopilot altitude & heading holds 70 kts minimum

Wind Speed Limitations

Maximum Hover cross/tail wind Weight above 18,410 lbs 17 kts

Weight below 18,410 lbs 35 kts
Wind 45° ahead 40 kts
Rotor Engaging and Braking Wind ahead 65 kts
Wind 45° ahead 40 kts
Wind abeam 30 kts
Wind astern 25 kts

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Altitude Limitations

Maximum Altitude

Take-off at weights greater than 18,410 lbs 4,000 ft Density Altitude

Take-off at weights below 18,410 lbs 13,000 ft Density Altitude (Group A)
15,000 ft Pressure Altitude

Cruise flight at weights greater than 18,410 lbs 9,500 ft Pressure altitude
Cruise flight at weights less than 18,410 lbs 20,000 ft Pressure altitude

Minimum Altitude -2,000 ft Pressure Altitude

Maximum Altitude in icing conditions 8,000 ft

Airspeed/Height envelope Refer to FM section 2.1 paragraph 12 Figure 5

Temperature Limitations ISA + 35°C (limited to +50°C max. and –30°C min.)

Angle of Bank Limitations

Maximum angle of bank at weights above 18,410 lbs 30°

Maximum angle of bank at weights between 17,200 and 18,410 lbs 40°
Maximum angle of bank at weights below 17,200 Unlimited
Maximum angle of bank in icing conditions 20°

Sloping Ground Limits Maximum 12° up and 8° across for landing

Maximum 10° up and 5° across for shutdown

Manoeuvring

Prohibited Aerobatics
Extended rearwards flight
Intentional running landing on soft ground
Intentional power off landing
Down-wind hovering with the ‘bleed valve’ in the ‘normal’ position

IMC Flight Envelope Refer to FM Section 2.1 paragraph 9.4 figure 3

Rotor RPM Limits

Power On Normal 265 (22,850 Nf)

Governed Range 245-275
Maximum 290
Power Off Maximum Transient 310
Maximum 290
Minimum 220 at 100 kts & below
245 above 100 kts

Visual and Aural alarm activated above 290 and below 245 Nr

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Collective Pitch Limitations

Level Flight 15½° (However pitch may be increased up to 16° in order to

obtain 62% Torque)

Climbing Maximum Limit 17°

Total Travel Limit 19°

Limit with Autopilot not fully functional 15½°

Rotor Brake Limitations

1. Rotor brake must not be applied until the engines have been shut down.
2. Maximum Nr for brake application is 120.
3. If wind speed above 30 kts the brake must be on for starting.
4. Only one engine may be started against the brake.
5. If starting with the brake ON, the brake must be released by 23,250 Ng (105 bar brake) or as soon
as it starts slipping.
6. Running time with the brake applied is 5 minutes
7. The brake must not be applied twice within 5 minutes. If so applied, then a cooling down period of 15
minutes (including 10 minutes rotors turning) must elapse before third application.

Transmission Limitations

Torque
Maximum 100% 5 min
Twin Engine
Maximum Continuous 81% -
Maximum 69% 2½ min
Single Engine Maximum Continuous 66% -
Transient Over Torque 74% 20 sec

Lubrication
Minimum Pressure 1 bar
Main Gearbox Normal Pressure Range (Main) 4 - 7 bar
Normal Pressure Range (Standby) 2 – 4½ bar
Maximum Temperature 145°C
IGB and TGB Maximum Temperature 120°C

Gearbox oil is Aeroshell 500

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Engine Limitations

Time Ng T4
Take-off 5 min 33,200 785°C
Twin Engine Limits
Max Continuous Unlimited 32,500 735°C
Max Contingency 2½ min 34,000 810°C
Single Engine Limits Inter Contingency Unlimited 33,200 775°C
Max Transient 20 sec 34,900
Maximum Unlimited 750°C
Starting Limits Max Transient 5 sec 800°C
Absolute Max 2 sec 810°C

Note – Periods at or above 33,200 Ng require Tech Log entry. Engine life is limited to a total of 15
minutes above 33,200 Ng.

Time Nf/Nr
Nf Limits (Equivalent Nr) Overspeed Trip (27,420 Nf) N/A 318
Transient 20 sec 310
Continuous Unlimited 292

Pressure Temp.
Engine Minimum Pressure 1.7 bar
Oil Maximum Pressure 6 bar
Limitations Min Oil Temperature (for power application) 0°C
Maximum Oil Temperature 110°C
Min Oil Temperature for Starting -40°C

Miscellaneous Engine Limitations

1. Starter - Maximum of 3 Cycles then wait 20 minutes for cooling.

2. Air Bleeds (heating etc.) – not to be used during take-off and landing

3. Normal Oil consumption is 0.3 ltr. per hour

4. Engine oil used is Aeroshell 500

5. Maximum engine misalignment between both engines is 500 rpm

Hydraulic System Limitations

Minimum 80 bar
Main System Pressure Normal 165-196 bar
Maximum 210 bar
Minimum 80 bar
Auxiliary System Normal 100-145 bar
Maximum 190 bar

Hydraulic Fluid used is Mil 83282A

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Electrical System Limitations

Minimum Voltage 14V

DC System Maximum Voltage 32V
Maximum Current 150 amp
Minimum Voltage 98V
AC System Maximum Voltage 132V
Maximum Current 75A

Fuel System Limitations

1. Normal operating pressure – 0.15 bar - 1.2 bar.

2. Fuel anti-ice additives required if OAT in flight is below –20°C.

3. Fuel Transfer must not take place during take-off and landing.

Miscellaneous Limitations

1. Windscreen Wipers – Not to be used on dry windscreen

2. Flotation Gear System Armed or Inflated – 135 kts Power On or 110 kts Power Off

Maximum altitude for arming or inflating 6,500 ft pressure altitude

Recommended inflation <80 kts and 400 ft Pressure Altitude

3. EXIS Lights – Use of switch is prohibited except for emergencies

4. ADELT – Manual deployment is prohibited except for emergencies

5. Seat Arm Rests – Must be up for take-off and landing

6. Air Intake Heating Mats – Must be OFF if OAT is greater than +10°C

Icing Limitations

Continuous ──────────── Maximum Pressure Altitude 8,000 ft

Minimum OAT -6°C

Maximum LWC severity 0.4 g per meter ³

Maximum build up on fixed probe 40mm

Intermittent ──────────── Maximum Pressure Altitude 8,000 ft

Minimum OAT -10°C

Maximum LWC severity 0.8 g per meter ³

Maximum build up on fixed probe 40mm

Maximum torque increase - +12% (not to exceed maximum continuous)

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Fuel Capacities

The following fuel capacities are specified for 0° 55’ nose up attitude.

Left hand Group Right Hand Group

Litres Lbs Litres Lbs
Longitudinal Tank 246 428 Longitudinal Tank 236 411
Transverse Tank 423 736 Transverse tank 405 705
5th Tank 246 428 7th Tank 487 848
- 6th Tank 324 564
Left Total Capacity 915 1592 Right Total Capacity 1452 2528

Aircraft Total Fuel Capacity 2367 4120

Normal Unusable Fuel LH Group 28 lbs

RH Group 16 lbs
Unusable Fuel With Large Nose Up Attitude LH Group 79 lbs
RH Group 228 lbs

Hydraulic Capacities

Total Capacity in each reservoir 12 lts

Normal fluid capacity right hand system 5 lts
Normal fluid capacity left hand system 8 lts

Transmission System Capacities

Minimum 17.05 lts

Main Gearbox
Maximum 19.60 lts
Minimum .50 lts
Intermediate Gearbox
Maximum .62 lts
Minimum 1.17 lts
Tail Gearbox
Maximum 1.44 lts

Note – The total capacity of oil in the MGB including the oil cooler is 21.4 lts.

Engine Oil Capacity

Maximum Level 7.6 lts

Minimum Level 4.3 lts
Total Capacity 16.5 lts

Landing Gear Tyre Pressures

Nose Wheels 7 bar

Main Wheels 7.2 bar

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Sling Limitations

Kgs Degrees Knots

Maximum Angle of Bank with load On 25°
Maximum Load 4,500
< 3,500 100
Maximum Speed 3,500 – 4,000 90
> 4,000 80

1. MAUW can be increased to 9,350 kgs (20,610 lbs) providing 1000 kgs can be jettisoned.
2. If the sling is attached to the aircraft and not the gearbox, the weight limitation is 2,000 kgs.
3. The emergency release for under-slung loads is a trigger on the captain’s collective lever.

Hoist Limitations

Kgs Lbs Deg Knots

Maximum Angle of Bank 25°
Maximum Load 272 600
Max Speed Maximum Load On 65
Winching ahead or abeam 35
More than 4 m of cable out 35
Cycles 5 up/down then stop for 30 minutes or fly at 80 kts for 5 minutes

1. Hydraulic Supply 175 bar from Left Hand system

2. Cable length 50 meters
3. Winch Rate 0.5 m/sec = 100 ft/min
4. Controlled by selector switch in cockpit and/or operators selector switches.

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Main Aircraft Dimensions

All heights are given for an average gross weight of 8,000 kgs (17,637 lbs)

Metric
Main Rotor Diameter 15.60 m
Tail Rotor Diameter 3.05 m
Length Blades on aircraft centre line 18.70 m
Blades 45° orientated 16.54 m
Height To top of tail rotor disc 4.95 m
To top of main rotor head dome faring 4.59 m
Width Main rotor blades in the 45° position 11.00 m
Main Rotor Blade Chord 0.60 m
Tail Rotor Blade Chord 0.20 m
Ground Clearance Under Fuselage 0.43 m
Under Tail Rotor Disc 1.90 m
Under Tail Rotor Skid 1.12 m
Landing Gear Track 3.00 m
Wheel Base 5.28 m
Cargo Bay Access Height 1.35 m
Width - with Plug Door 1.30 m
Sill Height Above Ground 0.92 m

Aircraft in the Kneeled-down Position

Height To top of tail rotor disc 4.44 m

To top of main rotor head dome faring 4.45 m
Ground Clearance Under Fuselage 0.25 m
Under Tail Rotor Disc 1.39 m
Under Tail Rotor Skid 0.62 m

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 8
12

BRISTOW

2
G-
1
11
3
9
4 6
5 7

13
8

12 11

1. Weather Radar
2. ILS Glideslope (Inside Radome)
3. VHF 1
4. VHF Homer (2) - if fitted
5. Marker
6. Transponder
7. ADF Loop and Sense
8. GPS
9. Radalt (2 antennae)
10. DME
11. VOR/Localiser
12. VHF 2
13. VHF FM
3
10 6
4

Figure 7 – Antennae Locations

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