Nihlah Chalidah Chusnul

w21190711183
Intercultural Communication (140K0217)

NATIVE CULTURE

BUGINESE CULTURE
Buginese is the culturally dominant ethnic group in Indonesia. The Bugis originated
in the southwest limb of Celebes, where they were well known for their adventurism and
maritime skill. Bugis is one of the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic
groups of South Sulawesi, made them the most influential ethnic group with regard to
economic and political activities in the area. Islam has become a fundamental aspect of the
Bugis culture. For the Bugis, holding ethnicity as the Bugis should also be coincident with
the position of being Muslim. About 95% of the Bugis are Muslims. Bugis is manifested in
five principles which are:

1. Ada Tongeng (truthful wording)

2. Lempuk (honesty)
3. Getteng (steadfastness)
4. Sipakatau (mutual respect)
5. Mappesona ri dewata seuwae (submission to the will of God)

Ada tongeng is the principle of wording in which one should speak the truth. This
entails a moral imperative to every single person of the Bugis to be honest in telling anything.
It is also means that every word expressed should always bring about good for life. Lempuk is
the principle of action in which one should always do right. He or she should try to avoid
doing something that is not true. Getteng is the principle of attitude in which one should
always have a distinct or firm attitude concerning one thing. For the Bugis, maintaining or
defending a position which is believed as true, is a must. Sipakatau is the principle of
communication in which one should address another in the best way possible. This implies
certain requirements that should be carried in dealing with other people. Mappesona ri
dewata seuwae is the principle of religiosity in which every human being has to submit
himself or herself to the will of God. This principle implies that humankind has to subject
everything concerning his life to the will of God. The implication of this principle is that
every Bugis should have a religion and therefore should always follow the teaching of the
religion he or she belongs to.

Language
The three languages spoken by Bugis people are Malay, Buginese and Indonesian.
The Buginese language is the main language spoken by this ethnic group. The Buginese
language is also called Basa Ugi. The Buginese language is part of the Austronesian family
of languages.

Architecture
The Bugis style architecture is of Austronesian stock and shares some affinity with
Malay, Javanese, Makassarese and Taroja architecture. Bugis architecture is many times
called kampongs. This is a Malay and Indonesian word literally meaning village. Bugis,
Makassarese and Taroja people share a very similar type of architecture that shares a
resemblance with Malay architecture. Like Malay-style kampongs, Bugis kampongs are built
on stilts to resist tidal waves and flooding.

Cuisine
Most of Bugis cuisine is based on Indonesian and Malaysian cuisine. Since Bugis
people are extremely skilled seafarers and fishers, fish and seafoods dominate much of Bugis
cuisine. Most Bugis are Muslims, so pork or alcohol is almost never part of Bugis style
cuisine. In case of the Bugis living in Malaysia and Singapore, their cuisine is Malay-style
cuisine.
JAVANESE CULTURE
Javanese is an ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java. With
approximately 100 million people, they form the largest ethnic group in Indonesia. They are
predominantly located in the central to eastern parts of the island. The Javanese ethnic group
has many sub-groups, such as the Mataram, Cirebonese, Osing, Tenggerese, Samin,
Naganese, Banyumasan, and many more. A majority of the Javanese people identify
themselves as Muslims, with a minority identifying as Christians and Hindus. However,
Javanese civilization has been influenced by more than a millennium of interactions between
the native animism Kejawen and the Indian Hindu—Buddhist culture. The Javanese are of
Austronesian origins whose ancestors are thought to have originated in Taiwan, and migrated
through the Philippines to reach Java between 1,500BC and 1,000BC. However, according to
recent genetic study, Javanese together with Sundanese and Balinese has almost equal ratio of
genetic marker shared between Austronesian and Austroasiatic heritages.

Language
Languages spoken by Javanese are Javanese language and Malay. The Javanese
language was formerly written with a script descended from the Brahmi script, natively
known as Hanacaraka or Carakan. Upon Indonesian independence it was replaced with a
form of the Latin alphabet.

Architecture
Traditional Javanese buildings can be identified by their trapezoid shaped roofs
supported by wooden pillars. Another common feature in Javanese buildings are pendopo,
pavilions with open-sides and four large pillars. The pillars and other parts of the buildings
can be richly carved. This architecture style can be found at kraton, or palaces, of the
Sultanates of Yogyakarta.

Cuisine
Javanese cuisine and culture place an important role in rice, which is a staple food on
the island. Among the Javanese it is considered not to be a meal if a person hasn't eaten rice
yet. Javanese cuisine varies by region. Eastern Javanese cuisine has a preference for more
salty and hot foods, while the Central Javanese prefer sweeter foods.