GROUP PROJECT

CIVIL ENGINEERING STATISTICS

BFC 34303

SEMESTER 2, SESSION 2019/2020

FACULTY OF CIVIL & ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING

PREPARED BY:

NAME MATRIC. NO
MUHAMMAD NAIM BIN ABU BAKAR DF180135
MUHAMMAD ASYRAF BIN RUSLI DF180210
MUHAMMAD ILHAM BIN MAT YAJID DF180110
MUHAMAD FAHMI AIMAN BIN FADELI DF180102

LECTURER NAME : Ts. ROSNAWATI BINTI BUHARI

SECTION :3

DATE OF SUBMIT : 11th JUNE 2020 TASK MARK

 1.0 INTRODUCTION

Statistic is the branch of science or mathematical discipline that concerned with

developing and studying methods for collecting, analyzing, interpreting and presenting
empirical data. Statistics also is defined as the science of learning from data and of measuring,
controlling and communicating uncertainty. Or, in a simple word, statistic is a way to get
information from data. Data here mean facts, especially numerical facts that collected
together for reference or information and information means the knowledge communicated
concerning some particular facts. To get accurate information, data are needed to be
summarized, processed and analyzed. In civil engineering, statistic is very essential to help
civil engineer make reasonable decisions and draw conclusions in presence of variability. In
statistics, it can be divided into two main categories which is descriptive statistic and
inferential statistics. The definition of descriptive statistics is the activity of collecting,
classifying, presenting and describing quantitative data while inferential statistics is defined
as a part of dealing with technique and method of interpretation of the results that obtained
from the descriptive statistics.

As stated earlier, data can be separate into two categorized which is quantitative data
and qualitative data. Quantitative data means the value of data in the form of counts or
numbers where each data set has an unique numerical value associated with it. This data is
any quantifiable information that can be used for mathematical calculations and statistical
analysis. While qualitative data is defined as data that approximates and characterizes. Its can
be observed and recorded. This data type is non-numerical in nature and it is collected
through methods of observations, one-to-one interviews, conducting focus groups and similar
methods. It is also known as categorical data which mean data that can be arranged
categorically based on the attributes and properties of a thing or a phenomenon. These data
can be divided into two part which is grouped data and ungrouped data. Each data whether
grouped or ungrouped data, its use different formula respectively to get information.
 For Civil Engineering Statistic project, our group had been assigned to analyze the
data on the number of passenger arrivals at FPTP bus stop in term to study about bus services
in UTHM. There are a graphical methods and formulas to calculate the event. For this
project, the graphical method is not suitable due to data is taken only in one day and samples
of passenger arrivals at FPTP bus stop is taken randomly. Thus, to solve this problem,
formula will be applied to calculate and analyze data to get further information about bus
services in UTHM. Data are collected from three different peak hour which is early in the
morning, in afternoon and the last one in late evening.
 2.0 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Data Collection

2.2 Data analysis

Data analysis involve the measure of central tendency, location and dispersion. The formula
use are as follows :

Central Tendency Location Dispersion

Variance , S2 :
Quartile :
∑fx ∑
Mean = ∑ t
∑ ∑ t ∑

t 75
M = Lm + C 75th Percentile : r  ( n)
t 100 Standard Deviation, sd :

Mode = L + C IQR : Q1 - Q3

To further analyze the data, stem and leaf diagram and also box and whisker plot are also
done.
 3.0 DATA PRESENTATION

3.1 Set 1

3.2 Set 2
3.3 Set 3
 4.0 DATA ANALYSIS

4.1 Set 1 (7:45AM - 9:45AM)

No. Time Midpoint (x) Students (f) fx x2 fx2

1 7.45 - 7.50 7.48 28 209.44 55.95 1566.6

2 7.51 - 7.55 7.53 1 7.53 56.70 56.70

3 7.56 - 8.00 7.58 37 280.46 57.46 2126.02

4 8.01 - 8.05 8.03 16 128.48 64.48 1031.68

5 8.06 - 8.10 8.08 0 0 65.29 0

6 8.11 - 8.15 8.13 17 138.21 66.10 1123.70

7 8.16 - 8.20 8.18 9 73.62 66.91 602.19

8 8.21 - 8.25 8.23 5 41.15 67.73 338.65

9 8.26 - 8.30 8.28 0 0 68.56 0

10 8.31 - 8.35 8.33 10 83.33 69.39 693.90

11 8.36 - 8.40 8.38 0 0 70.22 0

12 8.41 - 8.45 8.43 6 50.58 71.06 426.36

13 8.46 - 8.50 8.48 5 42.4 71.91 359.55

14 8.51 - 8.55 8.53 1 8.53 72.76 72.76

15 8.56 - 9.00 8.58 3 25.74 73.60 220.8

16 9.01 - 9.05 9.03 0 0 81.54 0

17 9.06 - 9.10 9.08 2 18.16 82.45 73.8

18 9.11 - 9.15 9.13 3 27.39 83.36 250.08

 19 9.16 - 9.20 9.18 0 0 84.27 0

20 9.21 - 9.25 9.23 0 0 85.20 0

21 9.26 - 9.30 9.28 1 9.28 86.19 86.19

22 9.31 - 9.35 9.33 5 46.65 87.05 435.25

23 9.36 - 9.40 9.38 0 0 87.98 0

24 9.41 - 9.45 9.43 2 18.86 88.92 177.84

∑=
∑ = 151 ∑ = 1209.81
9642.79

∑ 09.8
a) Mean = ∑
= 〮
= 8.01

R
t t
b) Median , M = Lm + C t
= 8.005 + 5 = 10.97 11

tt
c) Mode = L + C = 7.555 + 5 tt t
= 9.58 1

∑ 09.8
d) Variance , S2 = ∑ t
∑ t ∑
= R t
9 .t9 t
R
= 0.3

e) Standard Deviation, sd = = 0. = 0.57

f) Quartile :

∑
t t t.tRt 9
 1st quartile : ꭸ t.R t
R

: ꭸ 8.t 9
 ∑
t t . Rt 08
 3 quartile
rd
: ꭸ 8.t R
R

: ꭸ .

 Interquartile : Q3 - Q1 = 13 - 9

:4

g) Percentile :

75
 75th percentile : r (24)  18
100

:3
4.2 Set 2 (12:45PM - 3:00PM)

No. Time Midpoint (x) Students (f) fx x2 fx2

1 12.45 - 12.50 12.48 0 0 155.75 0

2 12.51 - 12.55 12.53 0 0 157.00 0

3 12.56 - 1.00 12.58 0 0 158.26 0

4 1.01 - 1.05 1.03 0 0 1.06 0

5 1.06 - 1.10 1.08 0 0 1.17 0

6 1.11 - 1.15 1.13 0 0 1.28 0

7 1.16 - 1.20 1.18 0 0 1.39 0

8 1.21 - 1.25 1.23 0 0 1.51 0

9 1.26 -1.30 1.28 0 0 1.64 0

10 1.31 - 1.35 1.33 13 17.29 1.77 23.01

11 1.36 - 1.40 1.38 38 52.44 1.90 72.2

12 1.41 - 1.45 1.43 0 0 2.04 0

13 1.46 - 1.50 1.48 0 0 2.19 0

14 1.51 - 1.55 1.53 0 0 2.34 0

15 1.56 - 2.00 1.58 0 0 2.50 0

16 2.01 - 2.05 2.03 13 26.39 4.12 53.66

17 2.06 - 2.10 2.08 0 0 4.33 0

18 2.11 - 2.15 2.13 12 25.56 4.54 54.48

19 2.16 - 2.20 2.18 0 0 4.75 0

20 2.21 - 2.25 2.23 10 22.30 4.97 49.70

21 2.26 - 2.30 2.28 0 0 5.20 0

22 2.31 - 2.35 2.33 6 13.98 5.43 32.58

 23 2.36 - 2.40 2.38 6 14.28 5.66 33.96

24 2.41 - 2.45 2.43 9 21.87 5.90 53.10

25 2.46 - 2.50 2.48 1 2.48 6.15 6.15

26 2.51 - 2.55 2.53 2 5.06 6.40 12.8

27 2.56 - 3.00 2.58 1 2.58 6.66 6.66

∑ = 111 ∑ = 204.23 ∑ = 398.3

∑ 204.23
a) Mean = =  1.84
∑ 111

 111 
t   51 
b) Median , M = Lm + C = 2.005 + 5  2   3.74  4
t
 13 
 
 

8t
c) Mode = L + C = 1.355+ 5 8t 8 0
= 3.34 3.00

d) Variance , S = 2 ∑ t
∑
=
1 
 398 .3 
204 .3 
2
  0.20
∑ t ∑ 111  1  111 

e) Standard Deviation, sd = = 0.20 = 0.45

f) Quartile :

∑
t t .tRt
 1 quartile
st
: ꭸ . 8
R

: ꭸ .
 ∑
t t 80. Rtt
 3 quartile
rd
: ꭸ . 0
R

: ꭸ R.8

 Interquartile : Q3 - Q1 = 6 - 3

: 10

g) Percentile :

75
 75th percentile : r  ( 27 )  20.25
100

: 10
4.3 Set 3 (5:00PM - 7.00PM
No. fx
Time Mid point (x) Students (f) x2 fx2

1 5:00 - 5:05 5.03 7 35.21 25.30 175.21

2 5:06 - 5:10 5.08 0 0 25.80 0

3 5:11 - 5:15 5.13 0 0 26.32 0

4 5:16 - 5:20 5.18 6 31.08 26.83 160.98

5 5:21 - 5:25 5.23 0 0 27.35 0

6 5:26 - 5:30 5.28 0 0 27.88 0

7 5:31 - 5:35 5.33 0 0 28.40 0

8 5:36 - 5:40 5.38 0 0 28.94 0

9 5:41 - 5:45 5.43 0 0 29.48 0

10 5:46 - 5:50 5.48 0 0 30.03 0

11 5:51 - 5:55 5.53 0 0 30.58 0

12 5:56 - 6:00 5.58 0 0 31.13 0

13 6:01 - 6:05 6.03 0 0 36.36 0

14 6:06 - 6:10 6.08 0 0 36.96 0

15 6:11 - 6:15 6.13 3 18.39 37.58 112.74

16 6:16 - 6:20 6.18 3 18.54 38.19 114.57

17 6:21 - 6:25 6.23 2 12.46 38.81 77.62

18 6:26 - 6:30 6.28 0 0 39.44 0

19 6:31 - 6:35 6.33 0 0 40.07 0

20 6:36 -6:40 6.38 0 0 40.70 0

21 6:41 - 6:45 6.43 0 0 41.34 0

 22 6:46 - 6:50 6.48 2 51.84 41.99 83.98

23 6:51 - 6:55 6.52 0 0 42.51 0

24 6:56 - 7:00 6.58 4 26.32 43.30 173.20

∑ = 21 ∑ = 193.84 ∑ = 898.3

∑ 9 .8
a) Mean = ∑
= = 9.23

t
t t 0
b) Median, M = Lm + C t
= 6.11+ 5 = 6.94 7.00

tt0
c) Mode = L + C = 4.595 + 5 tt0 t 0
= 7.095 7.00

∑ 9 .8
d) Variances, S2 = ∑ t
∑ t ∑
= t
898. t = 44.5

e) Standard Deviation, sd = = .R = 6.67

f) Quartile :

∑
t t .tRtt
 1st quartile : ꭸ R.00 t
R

: ꭸ .8 R

∑
t t 0. Rt 9
 3 quartile
rd
: ꭸ . R

: ꭸ 9. 9
  Interquartile : Q3 - Q1 = 9 - 5

:4

g) Percentile :

75
 75th percentile : r (24)  18
100

:0
4.4 Stem Leaf Diagram

Stem and Leaf Stem and Leaf Stem and Leaf

Display 7.45 - Display 12.45 - Display 5.00 -
9.45 (am) 2.45 (pm) 7.00 (pm)

7.48 28 12.48 0 5.03 7

7.53 1 12.53 0 5.08 0

7.58 37 12.58 0 5.13 0

8.03 16 1.03 0 5.18 6

8.08 0 1.08 0 5.23 0

8.13 17 1.13 0 5.28 0

8.18 9 1.18 0 5.33 0

8.23 5 1.23 0 5.38 0

8.28 0 1.28 0 5.43 0

8.33 10 1.33 13 5.48 0

8.38 0 1.38 38 5.53 0

8.43 6 1.43 0 5.58 0

8.48 5 1.48 0 6.03 0

8.53 1 1.53 0 6.08 0

8.58 3 1.58 0 6.13 3

9.03 0 2.03 13 6.18 3

9.08 2 2.08 0 6.23 2

9.13 3 2.13 12 6.28 0

9.18 0 2.18 0 6.33 0

9.23 0 2.23 10 6.38 0

9.28 1 2.28 0 6.43 0

9.33 5 2.33 6 6.48 2

9.38 0 2.38 6 6.52 0

9.43 2 2.43 9 6.58 4

Stem Leaf
4.5 Box and Whisker

Set 1

Labels Sample

Min 0

Q1 9

Median 11

Q3 13

Max 37

IQR 4

Upper Outliers 19

Lower Outliers 3
 Set 2

Labels Sample

Min 0

Q1 3

Median 4

Q3 6

Max 38

IQR 3

Upper Outliers 10.5

Lower Outliers -1.5

 Set 3

Labels Sample

Min 0

Q1 5

Median 7

Q3 9

Max 27

IQR 4

Upper Outliers 15

Lower Outliers -1
 5.0 CONCLUSION

The three sets of data provided shows different result in terms of mean, median and
mode. The sets of data provided is considered as sample as the students who participate in the
study consists of small numbers in comparison to the whole students population. A measure
of dispersion which includes the calculation of variance and standard deviation is also done in
the data analysis as it is important to identify how spread out the data is in terms of
distribution.

The three sets of data represents the number of students who takes ride on bus in or out
of the faculty at it peaks time. Based on the data analysis, the highest number of students
recorded is during the first set of data, 7.45 until 9.45 in the morning as the number reaches
151. On the other hand the lowest number of students recorded during the peak time is in the
evening with a number of only 21 students. However several data is eliminated as the
calculation shows that several data exceed the limits of upper and lower outliers.

For instance in the first data sets, the upper outliers calculated is 19, thus eliminating any
number of data that is higher than it such as 37 and 28. The lower oultliers calculated is 3.
Therefore data recorded below 3, which is 0, 1 and 2 is eliminated. The calculation of outliers
is also perform on the second and the third sets of data to ensure that the data provided is
reliable. Box and plot whisker is important as it helps to eliminate data that would interfere
the accuracy of data analysis.

As the provided bus by the university management team has the same designed with
express bus, a bus could provide seats for 42 students and several stand holders for students
that did not sit. Thus considering the data given and calculated, the university management
should provide at least 3 buses in the morning, 2 buses in the noon and 1 bus in the evening.
However considering the data is a sample and not a whole population of students from
different faculty, the number of bus provided should be even higher.