INTRODUCTION

Water is important for natural ecosystem and human development. It is important for various
activities such as drinking, cooking, industry, agriculture and recreation. But, in this
experiment, we conduct for the kinds of plant and animals that can live in a stream are
determined by several factors such as sediment that enters the stream, organic compounds that
enter with sewage, falling leaves and land runoff in the drainage basin, oxygen concentration in
water, temperature of the water, fertilizers that enter the water from farm, toxic materials that
enter the stream from industry sewage and bacterial levels in the water.
Therefore, it is important to measure physical, chemical and biological characteristics of
water in order to determine which organisms can live in the water. The physical parameters
involve testing temperature, pH, turbidity and total suspended solid. Meanwhile, the chemical
parameter involve testing dissolved oxygen, phosphorus and nitrogen compound.

CONCLUSION
Water quality is an important aspects of water resources management. The differences between
polluted and unpolluted stream can be determine by using chemical and physical parameters of
water. In this experiment, we learn on how to test the water quality by using chemical and
physical parameters. Water quality may be not be determine only by using a parameter. This is
not enough to ensure whether the water is polluted or not, thus variety of instruments is used to
stabilize our result. In our case, we can concluded that the aquatic water is more polluted and
lake water are less polluted. The quality of fresh water vitally important as we depend on
surface and ground for our drinking water. Many human activities and their by-product have
the potential to pollute water. Pollutants from such activities may enter surface and ground
water directly, may move slowly within the ground water to emerge eventually in surface
water, may run off the land or may be deposited from the atmosphere. So, we need to find ways
to improve water quality as it might be poor in the future.
METHODOLOGY
Physical parameter
A. temperature
Steps Procedures
1 Thermometer was used to take a temperature reading of the aquatic and lake water

2 The thermometer was attached to a pole or wade into the beaker

3 Result was recorded

B. pH
Steps Procedures
1 The portable pH meter was on

2 Probe was put in first calibrating buffer

3 CAL was pressed to calibrate for two pH solution: pH 7.00 the ENTER was pressed

4 Probe rinsed in distilled water.

5 Next stored buffer was changed with pH 4.01 then ENTER was pressed

6 Probe rinsed with distilled water

7 Probe was placed in sample and reading was recorded

C. Turbidity
Steps Procedures
1 The water sampled was mixed.

2 The vial rinsed with water sample solution.

3 The vial was fill with 10ml and lid was put on.

4 The vial was wiped with a soft cloth and was placed into the turbidity meter.

5 The vial’s mark was aligned with the meter’s mark.

6 The meter was turned ON and the turbidity reading was recorded.

D. Total Suspended Solid (TSS)

Step Procedures
1
1 The filter paper was dried in at oven at 103-105C for 4 hours.

2 The filter paper was take out from oven and placed at a desiccator until it cool downs
at room temperature after 4 hours.

3 The initial weight (W1) of each filter paper was measured with analytical balance
and weight was recorded in grams.

4 The dried and pre-weighted filter papers was stored in a desiccator.

Steps Procedures
2
1 A pre-weighed filter paper was placed in an assembled filtration apparatus.
2 The sample was mixed and 300ml was poured into a measuring cylinder.

3 The vacuum pump was turned on and filter was sealed with a small amount of
distilled water.

4 The sample (50-100ml) was gradually poured onto filter paper to collect suspended
solid.

5 The measuring cylinder was twice rinsed with 10ml distilled water.

6 The filter paper was taken off from the holder.

7 The filter paper was take out from oven and placed at a desiccator until it cool downs
at room temperature after 4 hours.

8 The initial weight (W2) of each filter paper was measured with analytical balance
and weight was recorded in grams.

9 The total suspended was calculated by using equation.

Chemical parameter
A. Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Steps Procedures
1 The calibration was performed on the dissolved oxygen meter following instructions
provided by the manufacturer.
2 The dissolved oxygen probe was placed in a container containing water sample and
the meter was allowed to equilibrate . The result was recorded.

B. Total soluble phosphate

Steps Procedures
1 The instructions given in the phosphate test kit was carefully followed.

2 The result was recorded.

C. Ammonia nitrogen (Nessler Method)

Steps Procedures
1 25 ml of sample was prepared in 25ml graduated cylinder.

2 A blank was prepared by filling 25ml of deionized water into graduated cylinder.

3 Three drops of mineral stabilizer was added to each cylinder. Stopper and invert
several times to mix.

4 Three drops of polyvinyl alcohol dispersing agent was added to each cylinder.
Stopper and invert several times to mix.

5 1 ml of Nessler Reagent was pipetted into each cylinder. Stopper and invert several
times to mix.

6 Allowed 1 min reaction time.

7 10 ml of each solution was poured into a sample cell.

8 When reaction was completed , the blank was inserted into the cell holder with the fill
 line facing right. ZERO was pressed. The display will show : 0.00mg/L NH3-N.

9 The prepared sample was wiped and inserted into the cell holder with the line facing
right. READ was pressed. Results are in mg/L NH3- N. The result was recorded.

Reference
Fondriest Environmental, I. (19 November, 2013). pH of Water. Retrieved from Fundamentals
of Environmental Measurements:
https://www.fondriest.com/environmentalmeasurements/parameters/water-
quality/ph/