Chapter 11

1. Know 3 types of cell surface receptors; their functions

2. Know what phosphorylation and dephosphorylation
3. Know differences between local and long distance signaling (cell communication); know
paracrine and synaptic type signaling
4. Transcription factors, scaffolding proteins, protein kinases
5. know what second messages are
6. know that signaling pathways result in amplification of the ‘particular’ signal (what ever you
start with, the end product is significantly greater (ie, product > starting reagent))
7. know that messages (signaling) in cells are conveyed by proteins/small molecules. Proteins
interact with each other and/or small molecules ultimately leading to an ‘output signal’.
8. Know what an ‘output signal’ is
9. Know that different kinds of cells have different kinds of proteins (ie lung compared differs from
colon tissue). Know that these differences will lead to differences in signaling or communication.
10. Know what scaffolding proteins are

Chapter 10

1. Know equation for photosynthesis. Know what ‘kind of reaction’ this is (clue, build-up, as
opposed to break-down).
2. Know products of light reaction (input and output); same for calvin reaction (input and output)
3. Know precise location of both the light and calvin cycle
4. Function of stomato
5. Site of photosynthesis. PSII vs PSI
6. Major absorbing pigment. define primary acceptor
7. Chemiosmosis in plants-compared-to-mitochondria
8. Know what photorespiration is.
9. Know the figure below, very well

10. Cyclic electron flow produces what molecule? PSI vs PSII?

11. What kinds of proteins are involved in electron transport of photosynthesis

Chapter 9
1. Know catabolic (exergonic) vs anabolic (endergonic)
2. Know difference between oxidation and reduction
3. Know aerobic and anaerobic respiration
4. Know equation for cellular respiration
5. Product of oxidative phosphorylation; location
6. Product of glycolysis ; location
7. Substrate level phosphorylation
8. Know that molecules other than carbs can be broken-down via glycolysis (fats best; proteins
also)
9. Know chemiosmosis for production of ATP
10. Know proteins involved in electron transport ; (key proteins); product
11. Function of electron transport
12. Know that glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions). In
the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP

Chapter 8
1. Know first and second laws of thermodynamics
2. Relevance of the following equation: ∆G = ∆H – T∆S
3. Know how ATP drives a particular reaction
4. Be familiar with Activation-Energy (of enzyme)
5. Active site, substrate, induced fit
6. Know that temperature, ph, chemicals effect enzyme if given example
7. Know what co-factors are
8. Know how inhibitors function to effect enzymes; competitive and non-competitive
9. Know what allosteric regulation is (didn’t get a chance to go over with all classes; still know)
10. Know the process of energy coupling
11. Open and closed systems
12. What are enzymes

Short answer:
1. Know how activation site can lower ‘activation energy of enzyme’-- (A, B, C, D
conditions)
2. Didn’t get to lecture-- but UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS OF APOPTOSIS (CHAPTER 11). In
a cell the process involves 4 steps. Name these steps
3. Outline the difference between obligate and facultative anaerobes