From a negotiation viewpoint what role did Mubarak of Egypt play in this study?

Iraq being a member of the Arab League, the country was in a binding agreement to follow the
standards set by the league. By invading Kuwait, Saddam Hussein in effect broke the agreement
leading to poor relations with the Arab League.

Therefore, the Arab League's leverage was a coercive power in that the rules the league had set
for member countries had been broken which resulted in Hussein's army standing alone against
allied forces.

The world was stunned by Hussein’s audacity, and the Middle East became very anxious about
what the future may hold for this unsettled region. Mubarak being the President of The Arab
League had to ensure that the situation was controlled.

The approach Mubarak took to resolve this situation was of `Negotiation`. He used this as the
primary method for dispute resolution.

Under the guidance of Mubarak, The Arab League proposed to Hussein that if he would withdraw
his troops, they were prepared to offer him several concessions. Through several negotiations, the
Arab League eventually framed a very generous negotiation proposal that they attempted to
present to Hussein in a packaged offer.

The three major negotiation concessions offered to Iraq were as follows:

1. Iraq would take control of the Ramilla oilfields, which Hussein claimed had been stolen from
Iraq in their ongoing border dispute with Kuwait.

2. Iraqis would take possession of Bubiyan Island, which was an island located in the Persian
Gulf, and which abutted closely to the Iraqi shoreline.

3. The third concession entailed the wiping out or renegotiating of a $14 billion war debt that
Iraq held with Kuwait since the Iran-Iraq war. This last concession was still open to
considerable negotiation, allowing plenty of latitude for pending discussions.

Thus, President Mubarak attempted to defuse this potentially explosive crisis through applying
negotiation skills.
Who are the actual opponents in this negotiation? Why?

The opponents in this negotiation are:

1. Saddam Hussein on one hand.

In August 1990, Saddam Hussein’s troop crept ominously towards Kuwait from across the
desert. To their dismay and horror filled eyes, the quaking Kuwait citizenry had become
helpless witnesses to the advancing units of Saddam Hussein’s Iraqi army, relentlessly
engaged in the illegal invasion of their homeland. There had been no warning of this
pending disaster. Kuwaiti resistance was swept aside much like one casually brushes
away a crumb from one’s lapel

2. The Arab League (on behalf of Kuwait, Middle East and the rest of the World) on the
other side.

Iraq being a member of the Arab League, the country was in a binding agreement to follow
the standards set by the league. By invading Kuwait, Saddam Hussein in effect broke the
agreement leading to poor relations with the Arab League.

The world was stunned by Hussein’s audacity, and the Middle East became very anxious
about what the future may hold for this unsettled region.

Given the above reasoning one can conclude that in this study it is Saddam Hussein Vs The Rest
of the World.
What are the two frames or perspectives considered by Hussein after the negotiation offer?
Explain.

Hussein considered the following two perspectives:

1. He would win if he withdrew his troops

2. He would loose if he withdrew his troops

According to Hussein if he had withdrawn his troops he would have gained the following:

1. Control of the Ramilla oilfields, which Hussein claimed had been stolen from Iraq in their
ongoing border dispute with Kuwait.

2. Possession of Bubiyan Island, which was an island located in the Persian Gulf, and which
abutted closely to the Iraqi shoreline.

3. The third concession entailed the wiping out or renegotiating of a $14 billion war debt that
Iraq held with Kuwait since the Iran-Iraq war. This last concession was still open to
considerable negotiation, allowing plenty of latitude for pending discussions.

According to Hussein if he had withdrawn his troops he would have lost the following:

1. Hussein had the leverage of owning a state rich in resources. Therefore giving it up in the
negotiation wouldn’t benefit him. Nothing would compensate for giving up his new plunder.

2. Hussein decided that since he already occupied all of Kuwait, anything else would be seen
as a loss to him as he was now in possession of all of Kuwait and its incumbent resources
anyway.
Discuss the leverage possessed and used by all parties in this negotiation.

The Arab League Saddam Hussein

Coercive Power. Saddam Hussein’s dedicated Iraqi army

that relentlessly engaged in the illegal
Authority to provide the following concessions:
invasion of Kuwaiti homeland.
1. Control of the Ramilla oilfields, which
Hussein had the leverage of owning a
Hussein claimed had been stolen from
state rich in resources.
Iraq in their ongoing border dispute
with Kuwait.

2. Possession of Bubiyan Island, which

was an island located in the Persian
Gulf, and which abutted closely to the
Iraqi shoreline.

3. The third concession entailed the

wiping out or renegotiating of a $14
billion war debt that Iraq held with
Kuwait since the Iran-Iraq war.

Powerful coalition of allied forces that beat

Hussein’s beleaguered and battered army.