Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
c)- Michelangelo Buonarroti
1. Michelangelo’s Biography
Born March 6, 1475 near Florence, Italy
By age 13 he had already became a pupil under the great sculpture Donatello
The most noted artist of the Renaissance, some of Michelangelo’s works included:
Bacchus, Pietà , Sistine Chapel (painting), and David (sculpture).
Michelangelo was noted for his use of color, draftsmanship, and tone design. He
completed over 50 works of art, with most being sculptures. Throughout his art life,
Michelangelo set the standards for painting, sculpting, poetry and architecture.
In 1564, at the age of 89, Michelangelo died
2. Italian Renaissance15th -17th century
During a span of approximately 200 years between 1400 and 1600, beginning in
northern Italy, Europe experienced a unprecedented evolution in all aspects of
European culture
Beginning in the 15th century, the Italian renaissance was a cultural rebirth in the
arts, music, plays, and knowledge.
During the Renaissance elite artist such as Michelangelo, William Shakespeare, Da
Vinci, Raphael, Donatello, and Giotto thrived.
Throughout this time period masterpieces such as: Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, The
Nymph Galatea, and the David sculpture were created.
3.Michelangelo’s Painting Style
Michelangelo had a very distinctive and unique painting style
He had many people who influences his art techniques: Pope Julius II, Donatello,
Masaccio, and Gioffo
Painted using Fresco (painted on wet plaster).
The vast majority of his paintings were of people.
He mostly painted people in the nude.
Many his artworks depicted people of scenes from the Bible.
Sculpted life-like portraits.
Famous paintings: Sistine Chapel 1508-1512
Famous Sculptures: Statue of David
6)-what do you mean by listing and grading of heritage building? what are the
criteria for selecting building for inventory? Briefly discuss the kind of back
ground research field work required to propose inventory. Narrate the
method to fill up the listing from a monument.
Ans-Listing
Heritage Listings are documentation of assets that can have cultural
or historical value.
Such listings are predominantly buildings, or groups of buildings, but can also
include other heritage assets as well.
Grading
Buildings and sites classified as Grade I, I and II should be conserved in accordance
with international frameworks and charters (i.e. following all the guidelines of
conservation).
For Grade III & IV monuments a flexible stance may be adopted which may require
using indigenous practice and principles instead of western philosophies or a
suitable solution in between can be possible by blending different ideologies.
B. FIELD WORK:–This involves works related to the field (site information), which includes
Site visit, site observation, interaction with local people, data generated through interviews
of local people (inquiry) field work & finally follow up action.
Site Visit: –
Follow up action: –
•Analysis of the data collected.
•Presenting the same in an orderly format.
•Compiled data (presentation work), to be computerized.
•Copies of the presentation to be published.
7) Describe the aspects of heritage management? Explain the entire procedure starting
from identification of historic building till its continuous maintenance after desired
indentation.
•Detail Documentation drawings & proposals (based on research) should be carried out for
further action.
•Efficient and qualified professionals should be employed to prepare such conservation
proposals.
•Modern technology should be used to replicate drawings.
•Photographic documentation at different stages of work (for future research)
•Multi-disciplinary (team having –historians, architects, curators, archeologist, engineers
etc.) research is required for authentic conservation.
4. Legislation:–
•Appropriate laws and regulations must be framed to protect the monuments as heritage
structures.
•It is necessary to frame heritage management plans for historic precincts.
•Co-operation &co-ordination between local communities with local management bodies is
very important.
•Rules and regulations (such as 100 mt. and 300 mt. rules) should be flexible and very
much contextual.
•Rapid urbanizations must be controlled by respective development authorities to retain
values of heritage precincts.
•Development around a built heritage should not be encouraged (in order to preserve its
identity as a historic building)
•Proper co-ordination between development authorities and archeology dept. is required,
for forming and implementing conservation strategies.
•Steps should be taken to look after living monuments (unprotected ones).
•Strategies for –adaptive reuse, economic growth, generating source of income & public
participation can be worked out within a conservation frame-work.
Positive aspects:–
•More sincere attention will be given, for holistic development.
•Tourism will enable putting clear signage & authentic information in the site.
•This will help in revenue generation and promotion of heritage.
•Creation of scope for community based regeneration.
Negative aspects:–
•False interpretation of heritage buildings, to attract tourist.
•Compromising on actual conservation ethics to increase tourist inflow.
•Un-necessary re-construction/ restoration based on conjecture.
•Chances of degradation of the heritage by commercialization of the entire complex.
7. Promotion& Interpretation:–
Promotion:
•The main aim of promotion should be to explore and spread knowledge.
•To start promotion –a great deal of research work is needed (from historians,
archeologists, architects, conservationists, scholars from various other fields etc.)
•Promotion is a multi-disciplinary work, which needs good amount of fund with well-
directed thought, followed by action.
Interpretation:
•Heritage interpretation is the communication of information or explanation of monument
using various methods. Interpretation can be done by various methods such as –heritage
walks, guide walks, brochures, audio guides and audio-visual media.
•The process of interpretation can be developed in a structured way with the help of
stories, documentaries, messages & information to convey history behind the monument/
site.
•One of the objectives of interpretation can be to create site museums with curator, who
can guide a visitor.