1. I.

Paragraph #1

Testimony – ‘According to emergency room specialist Dr. Randall Sword, emergency

rooms will handle more than 160 million cases this year alone. This means that one out of
every 16 Americans will spend time in an emergency room this year. Unfortunately, the
national Academy of Sciences states that “emergency medical care is one of the weakest
links in the delivery of health care in the nation.”’

Facts/Statistic - “In fact, medical researchers estimate that 5,000 deaths annually from
poisoning, drowning and drug overdoses, as well as 20 per cent of all deaths from
automobile accidents, would not have happened if the victims had received prompt and
proper emergency room care.”

In paragraph#1, the speaker used testimony and facts to let the audience have a better
understanding of what is the problem that he or she is able to discuss. It makes his or her
speech more credible by stating some professional individual and some well-known
organization.

II. Paragraph #2

Testimony – “According to U.S. News and World Report, fewer than 50 per cent of
emergency room physicians have completed special emergency training courses.”

Statistic / Facts - “A survey by Frey and Mangold found that untrained emergency room
physicians felt they were unsure how to diagnose or treat many of the extreme abdomen,
chest and cardiac disorders that often appear in hospital emergency rooms.”

Again, the speaker used several similar supporting materials in paragraph#2 to identify
the problem. Obviously, the fact that using statistic to introduce the problem is a great
way to let the audience know that this is a problem that is serious since people had done
survey about it.

III. Paragraph #3

Example/ Facts –“Several years ago, a man driving by an elementary school in my

hometown had a heart attack and crashed into a schoolyard. Seven children were taken to
the emergency room three blocks away, but the real tragedy had not yet begun. Once in
the emergency room, the children were denied treatment until their parents were
contacted and the admitting forms were filled out. By the time the forms were completed,
two of the children had died.”

The whole paragraph#3 is using example plus facts to prove that useless paperwork is one
of the causes of the problem. The speaker gives an example of a tragedy of an elementary
school so the audience would agree with him or her emotionally.
2. D. Both A&B
3. C. Expert testimony
4. B. Currency
5. A. Fact
B. Value
C. Policy
D. Value
E. Policy
F. Value