01 - 6541 - E01 - Interworking GSM To WCDMA PDF

Content
GSM / WCDMA / LTE Interworking

 Interworking GSM to WCDMA
 Interworking WCDMA to GSM
 Interworking LTE to GSM + WCDMA
 Interworking GSM + WCDMA to LTE
01-1 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

Content
Interworking GSM to WCDMA
► Features and Parameters
► Performance Measurements and KPIs

Content
 Introduction
 BSS parameter objects for mobility from 2G to 3G
 Cell re-selection from 2G to 3G
 ISHO from 2G to 3G

Introduction
Motivation for mobility from 2G to 3G
• WCDMA offers higher data rate than GPRS even under low air interface
conditions
• Shift away traffic away from 2G in case of high load
ISHO for
CS voice
GPRS data
2G load
3G load
WCDMA data

Introduction
3G neighbors for 2G
In general there are the following types of neighbors
• 2G
• 3G
• LTE
The maximum number of WCDMA neighbors per GSM

cell is 32
2G neighbor 1 3G neighbor 1 LTE neighbor 1
2G neighbor 2 3G neighbor 2 LTE neighbor 2
2G neighbor n 3G neighbor n ≤ 32 LTE neighbor n

Content
 Introduction
 BSS Parameter Database Objects
 WCDMA Adjacency Object
 Handover Control Object
 Segment Object

BSS Parameter Database Objects
PLMN
DAP BSC LAPD
BAL PCU
MAL PCM
MALD RA
BCF
TRX CH
ADJE
SEG
HOC
BTS1
POC
BTS2
ADJW
ADJL
BSS Parameter Database Objects
BSC Base Station Controller SEG Segment
DAP Dynamic Abis Pool BTS Base Transceiver Station
BAL Broadcast Allocation List TRX Transceiver
MAL Mobile Allocation List ADJE GSM Adjacency
MALD Mobile Allocation List for DFCA HOC Handover Control
LAPD Link Access Protocol for D-channel POC Power Control
PCU Packet Control Unit ADJW WCDMA Adjacency
PCM Pulse Code Modulation ADJL LTE Adjacency
RA Routing Area CH Channel
BCF Base Control Function

WCDMA Adjacency Object
Purpose
ADJW parameters specify
• IDs of adjacent 3G cells
• Coverage and quality requirements to be fulfilled by adjacent 3G cells, so that they can be taken
as target cells

WCDMA Adjacency Object
List of parameters

Handover Control Object
Purpose
HOC parameters are used to configure HO procedures
• Conventional measurement of 2G adjacencies
• Trigger of conventional handover within 2G
• Measurements of 3G adjacencies
• Trigger of handover to 3G

Handover Control Object
List of parameters (examples)

Segment Object
Purpose for inter-system mobility
SEG parameters are used to configure cell reselection procedures
• Trigger to measure adjacent 3G cells
• Trigger to select adjacent 3G cells

Segment Object
List of parameters (examples)

Content
 Introduction
Cell Reselection and GSM/GPRS activity states
Trigger to measure adjacent 3G cells
Trigger to select adjacent 3G cells
Mobile Specific Channel Release
Inter-System NCCR

Cell Re-selection and GSM / GPRS Activity
States
Cell reselection is performed in the following GSM/GPRS activity states
• GSM idle state
• Any GPRS state
GPRS
GSM
Ready
Packet idle / transfer
Connected
HO Standby
Packet idle
Idle
Idle
Cell reselection
Packet idle

Trigger to Measure Adjacent 3G Cells
In dependence on the activity state, the following parameter is used
qSearchI
• Non GPRS capable MS in idle mode
• GPRS capable MS in packet idle mode, if NCCR not enabled
qSearchP
• GPRS capable MS in packet idle mode, if NCCR enabled
sSearchC
• MS in connected mode (GSM)
• MS in packet transfer mode (GPRS)

All three parameters offer the same options
• MS always looks for adjacent 3G cells
• MS looks for adjacent 3G cells in case of low 2G coverage
• MS looks for adjacent 3G cells in case of high 2G coverage
• MS never looks for adjacent 3G cells
Setting 0 1 … 6 7 8 9 10 … 14 15
dBm -98 -94 … -74 Always -78 -74 -70 … -54 Never
If average RxLev < -94 dBm UE always measures If average RxLev > -70 dBm
MS starts 3G measurements 3G cells MS starts 3G measurements
qSearchI/P/C
SEG/SEG/HOC, -98…-74 dBm or always or -78…-54 dBm or never

Configuration examples
1) Measure 3G cells in case of low GSM coverage
• e.g. GSM 1800 + WCDMA 900
• No mobility towards 3G in case of good 2G coverage
GSM 1800
WCDMA 900
Trigger of measurements
Average RxLev < F(qSearchI)
0  qSearchI  6

2) Measure 3G cells in case of high GSM coverage
• e.g. GSM 900 + WCDMA 2100
• No mobility towards 3G in case of low 2G coverage
WCDMA 2100
GSM 900
Trigger of measurements
Average RxLev > F(qSearchI)
8  qSearchI  14

3) Measure 3G cells in general
• Mobility towards 3G possible in any case
• But higher MS battery power consumption
GSM
qSearchI = 7
WCDMA
qSearchI = 7

Trigger to Select Adjacent 3G Cells
Standard cell reselection
The following algorithm is applied for the following cases
• Non GPRS capable MS
• GPRS capable MS, if NCCR disabled
3G cell is selected, if for at least 5s the following conditions are valid
CPICH RSCP > average RxLev + fddQOffset AND
CPICH Ec/Io ≥ fddQMin – fddQminOffset
Purpose of offset parameters
fddQOffset can make 3G more or less attractive in comparison to 2G (can be positive or

negative)
fddQminOffset can make 3G more attractive only (can be positive only)
fddQOffset
SEG, -32…28 dB, -32 dB
fddQMin fddQMinOffset
SEG, -20…-6 dB, -12 dB SEG, 0…14 dB, 0 dB

RSCP /
RxLev Ec/Io
Cell re-selection to WCDMA

Serving GSM Cell (RxLev)
qSearchI = -98 dBm
MS starts to measure WCDMA cells
fddQOffset = -8 dB
Adjacent WCDMA Cell (RSCP)

FDD_Qmin = -12 dB
Ec/Io
Minimum quality requirement for WCDMA
time
5s

Weakness of standard cell reselection
Only minimum Ec/Io for WCDMA cell required, but not minimum RSCP
Risk of ping-pong cell reselection back to GSM
• Coverage of WCDMA cell might fall below QrxlevMin (3G parameter, see module 3)
• Unstable Ec/Io due to low coverage, might fall below Qqualmin + SseachRAT (see module 3)
• Synchronization of the MS with the network might fail due to lack of UL coverage
3G good Ec/Io, low RSCP
Ec/No as only criterion
2G

Enhanced cell reselection
Not only minimum Ec/Io, but also minimum RSCP required for WCDMA
Less ping-pong cell reselection back to GSM, but
• Only in GSM idle / GPRS packet idle mode, not in GPRS packet transfer mode
• Only supported by MS of WCDMA R5 and beyond
Minimum RSCP set with fddRSCPMin
fddRSCPMin
SEG, -114…-84 dBm, -102
dBm
3G good Ec/Io, low RSCP
RSCP as additional criterion
2G

Mobile Specific Channel Release
Avoid unnecessary signaling and reduce delay in service access
Command MS to camp directly on 3G cell after call release in 2G
• Supported by 3GPP R6 and later terminals
• Direct camping to 3G can avoid LAU/RAU procedure which typically takes 25 seconds
Direct camping information indicated by BSC to all dual-mode MS when they report at least one 3G
neighbor cell
• Reported 3G cell used as target cell in Channel Release message (Information Element: “Cell
Selection Indication after release of TCH and SDCCH”)
• If several 3G neighbor cells reported by MS, the best one is used as a target for idle mode
camping
Voice call 2G camping after Unnecessary RAU/LAU can be avoided

setup in 3G call terminates
RAU = routing area update
LAU = location area update
3G idle 3G 2G 2G LAU/RAU 3G LAU/RAU 3G idle
without:
Default 3G
3G idle 3G 2G 3G idle camping
with:
Handover Channel release: “directly
to 2G camp on 3G”
Inter-system NCCR
Principles
Inter-System NCCR allows network to order cell re-selection from GSM to WCDMA RAN (instead
of autonomous selection done by MS itself)
Network decides when MS changes cell and what the target cell is
There are two types of inter-system NCCR
Service-based
• Allows the operator to direct MS to preferred RAN according to the services used
• 3G can be selected according to SGSN Service UTRAN CCO BSSGP (Cell Change Order
BSSGP signaling) procedure even if the 2G serving cell signal level is good
Coverage-based IS-NCCR
• Enables the operator to define whether 3G network is selected as soon as WCDMA

coverage is available or only when GSM coverage ends
Service UTRAN CCO information element can indicate the following about NCCR to WCDMA
• Should be performed
• Should not be performed

Inter-system NCCR
Activation
Inter-System NCCR in general is enabled with wcdmaFddNccrEnabled
Coverage based NCCR is configured with wcdmaFddNccrPreferred
• If set to 1, inter-system NCCR is performed as soon as possible (if a good WCDMA cell
becomes available)
• If set to 0, inter-system NCCR is performed only, if GSM coverage ends
wcdmaFddNccrEnabled
BSC, 0…1, 0 = disabled
wcdmaFddNccrPreferred
BSC, 0…1, 1 = as soon as possible

Inter-system NCCR
Criteria for inter-system NCCR
Off
WCDMA FDD NCCR Preferred
On
Coverage Service UTRAN cell

based IS NCCR change order IE value
Should not
Should be be performed
performed
Suitable GSM cell
available No IS-NCCR
Yes
No
Select suitable WCDMA cell
IS-NCRR to WCDMA

Inter-system NCCR
Criteria for target cell selection
Coverage based IS NCCR off
• WCDMA cells ranked according Ec/Io
• IS NCCR possible, if Ec/Io > isnccrFddQualityThr
Coverage based IS NCCR on
• WCDMA cells ranked according Ec/Io
• IS NCCR possible if ALL the following conditions fulfilled
• Ec/Io (WCDMA cell) > isnccrFddQualityThr
• C1 (GPRS server) ≤ 0
• C1 (all GPRS neighbors) ≤ 0
isnccrFddQualityThr
ADJW, -24…-0.5 dB, -15 dB

Content
 Introduction
ISHO Trigger
Penalty timers
Measurements of 3G cells

ISHO Trigger
Overview
Possible services
• ISHO performed for CS speech only
• IS mobility for PS data via cell reselection
Possible trigger
• High load
• Low coverage
Load reason HO
GSM high
loaded
Coverage reason HO
WCDMA low
loaded
GSM
WCDMA

ISHO Trigger
Prerequisites for ISHO
Target cell candidates are defined as WCDMA neighbors for serving GSM cell in the BSC (ADJW
object)
MSs in connected state are allowed to measure the neighbor WCDMA RAN cells of the serving
GSM cell (qSearchC parameter)
MS has sent neighbor WCDMA RAN cell measurements to BSC (see later in this module)
Early class mark sending allowed for mobiles in the serving GSM cell (newEstabCausesSupport
parameter set to 1 = enabled)
MS has sent UTRAN CLASSMARK CHANGE message to the BSC
• Dual mode GSM/WCDMA MS sends a UTRAN CLASSMARK CHANGE message to the BSC
if early classmark sending is allowed in the serving GSM cell.
• Content of message needed by RNC controlling target WCDMA cell of inter-system

handover attempt
No connection-specific penalty timer for inter-system handover attempt running

Trigger Load
Procedure
BSC checks set of handover
triggering thresholds
Inter-RAT measurements
as configured by qSearchC
Load of serving cell > utranHoThScTpdc utranHoThScTpdc

AND HOC, 0…100 %, 80 %
CPICH Ec/Io (WCDMA neighbour) >
minEcnoThreshold minEcnoThreshold
ADJW, -24…-0.5 dB, -15 dB
BSC selects target UTRAN cell

based on measurement results
Handover request send to MSC

Trigger Load
Example
Load threshold = 60 %
Minimum Ec/Io = -15 dB
Traffic load of Average Ec/Io Traffic Signal ISHO

serving GSM cell of WCDMA cell load quality possible?
40% -16 dB Too low Too low No
40% -12 dB Too low Ok No
70% -12 dB Ok Ok Yes

Trigger Coverage
Procedure
Conventional HO within 2G triggered
of higher priority than ISHO
But conventional HO not executed

(no 2G target cell available)
No check of load for source cell

CPICH Ec/Io (WCDMA neighbour) >
minEcnoThreshold
BSC selects target UTRAN cell

based on measurement result
Handover request send to MSC

Trigger Coverage
Example
Load threshold
GSM GSM GSM GSM
WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA WCDMA
Dual mode GSM WCDMA GSM WCDMA

mobile
Load reason Coverage reason Coverage reason

handover from handover from handover from
GSM to WCDMA WCDMA to GSM GSM to WCDMA

Trigger Direct Access to WCDMA
Idea
UMTS cell with very good Ec/Io available
Move MS directly from SDCCH to WCDMA
2G/MSC 3G/MSC
(2) BSC receives service priority
from MSC with value
ISHO ‘should be performed’
RNC
BSC
(3) BSC makes Direct

Access to WCDMA RAN
(4) Mobile starts

service in WCDMA
(1) Mobile camps on GSM

and requests service

Trigger Direct Access to WCDMA
Procedure
Mobile camps to GSM cell
Inter-system handover is enabled
Direct Access allowed with interSystemDa
BSC receives indication from the UE about its WCDMA RAN capability in the CLASSMARK
CHANGE message already on SDCCH
BSC receives service priority with the value ISHO 'should be performed' from the MSC in the
ASSIGNMENT REQUEST message
UE receives information about adjacent WCDMA RAN cells from the BSC already on SDCCH
BSC receives measurement reports of WCDMA RAN adjacent cell already on SDCCH
Ec/No of target WCDMA RAN cell > Inter-System Direct Access threshold intSystemDaEcioThr
interSystemDa intSystemDaEcioThr
HOC, 0…1, 0 = disabled ADJW, -24…-0.5 dB, -11.5 dB

Priority Order Intra-system / Inter-system HO
SDCCH channel
1. Direct Access or inter-system direct access to WCDMA RAN
2. Interference (uplink or downlink)
3. Intra-segment inter-band due to downlink level (from higher to lower frequency band)
4. Uplink quality
5. Downlink quality
6. Uplink level
7. Downlink level
8. MS-BS distance (maximum or minimum)
9. Turn-around-corner MS
10. Rapid field drop
11. Fast/slow-moving MS
12. Power budget

TCH channel
1. Interference (uplink or downlink)
2. Intra-segment inter-band due to downlink level (from higher to lower frequency band)
3. Uplink quality
4. Downlink quality
5. AMR unpacking (uplink level and also uplink unpacking quality triggers)
6. Uplink level
7. AMR unpacking (downlink level and also downlink unpacking quality triggers)
8. Downlink level
9. Inter-System Handover to WCDMA RAN

(Only the first 9 handovers are listed here)

Example
Cell load exceeds threshold for ISHO
RxLev HO threshold on DL set to –95 dBm
ISHO will not occur for MS bellow DL RxLev = -95dBm
BSC will try to do handover to another GSM cell instead of to 3G
RxLev = -95 dBm
Terminals 1, 2 and 3 may be moved to 3G

4 3
1 2 Terminals 4,5 and 6 may only be moved to
another GSM cell (DL RxLev handover)
5 6

Penalty Timers
Basics
Purpose of penalty timers
• Prevent repetitive ISHO attempts to same target cell or service area
• Prevent ping-pong ISHO between 2G and 3G
Application levels
• Individual connection
• Individual cell
• Whole service area

Penalty Timers
Connection specific timers
Coming from 2G
Minimum time between successful HO minIntBetweenHOReq (also for conventional HO)
Minimum time between unsuccessful HO attempts minIntBetweenUnsuccHOAttempt (also

for conventional HO)
Minimum time between unsuccessful HO attempts to same WCDMA cell minIntUnsuccIsHo
Coming from 3G
After successful ISHO from 3G to 2G, HO back to the same 3G cell not allowed for 30 s
(hard coded limit)
minIntBetweenHOReq
HOC, 0…31 s, 5 s
minIntBetweenUnsuccHOAttempt
HOC, 0…31 s, 3s
minIntUnsuccIsHO
HOC, 0…255s, 3s

Penalty Timers
Cell specific timers
High ISHO failure rate > failMoveThreshold during the time triggerMeasPeriod for specific GSM
cell and WCDMA cell pair
No further ISHO allowed for this pair during the time wcdmaRanCellPenalty
ISHO from other GSM cells to affected WCDMA cell still allowed
failMoveThreshold triggerMeasPeriod
HOC, 0…100 %, 50 % BSC, 2…254 s, 128 s
wcdmaRanCellPenalty
HOC, 0…255 s, 127 s
GSM GSM GSM

X % of ISHO fail during a
time period T (window)  ISHO attempts from other
cells during time N allowed
Prevent further ISHO
attempts during time N
WCDMA WCDMA

Penalty Timers
Service area specific timers
Many successful ISHO > incomeRateThreshold during the time triggerMeasPeriod from specific
UTRAN service area to BSC area
→ service area adopted as heavily loaded
No ISHO allowed back to this area during the time wcdmaRanSaiPenalty from any BSC cell
ISHO allowed to other service areas allowed only
incomeRateThreshold triggerMeasPeriod
BSC, 0…255, 127 BSC, 2…254 s, 128 s
wcdmaRanSaiPenalty
BSC, 0…255 s, 127 s

Penalty Timers
Service Area 1 is During penalty time HO
considered loaded  from GSM to WCDMA
prevent ISHO back to service area 1 not allowed
that area
WCDMA GSM
cell 1 cell 1
Service
area 1
cell 2 cell 2
cell 3
cell 3
Service
area 2
cell 4 cell 4
ALLOWED

Measurements of 3G Cells
Principles
Measurement reports of the MS for 3G cells prerequisite for
• ISHO of CS voice call
• IS NCCR of PS data call
Requires enhanced measurement report feature
• Maximum number of 3G cells included in one report set with fddMultiratRep
• Up to three 3G cells can be reported
• If more than fddMultiratRep 3G cells have been measured, just those ones with highest Ec/Io
are reported
• Measurements of 3G cells triggered in dependence on qSearchC (already discussed)
fddMultiratRep
HOC, 0…3, 2

Reporting restricted to 3G cells of good coverage
Good absolute coverage
• Avoid 3G cells of low coverage to be taken as targets (same motivation as for enhanced
cell reselection)
• Report 3G cells only with RSCP ≥ fddRepThr2
Good coverage relative to QrxlevMin (3G parameter)
• Report 3G cells only with RSCP ≥ QrxlevMin + reportingThresholdFdd
ReportingThresholdFdd can be used by the following way
• Value 0 → no restriction for relative coverage
• Value 6…36 dB → coverage must exceed the minimum acceptable level by specified margin
• Value never → 3G cells will not be reported at all
fddRepThr2
HOC, -115…-53 dBm. -105 dBm
QrxlevMin ReportingThresholdFdd
WCEL, -119…-25 dBm. -115 dBm HOC, 0…36 dB or never, 0 dB

Averaging of measurements
To decide about the target cell, the BSC does not take raw measurement reports, but the average
of several ones
The averaging is completely analogue to that for adjacent 2G cells
• Number of SACCH periods to be averaged by sliding window set with

averagingWindowSizeAdjCell
• Averaging may be applied to all 3G cells reported during the call or to the actually three
best ones only (specified with allUtranAdjAver)
• A certain number of zero results (3G cell has not been detected for one SACCH period)
can be excluded from the sliding average with noOfZeroResUtran
averagingWindowSizeAdjCell
HOC, 1…32 SACCH periods, 6 SACCH periods
allUtranAdjAver
HOC, 0...1, -
noOfZeroResUtran
HOC, 0...32, 5

Content
 Features and Parameters
 Performance Measurements and KPIs
Signaling Flow for ISHO and ISNCCR
Monitoring of ISHO from 2G to 3G
Monitoring of ISNCCR from 2G to 3G

Signalling Flow for ISHO
Example (incoming ISHO with A circuit pool switching)

Content
 Signaling Flow for ISHO and ISNCCR
 Monitoring of ISHO from 2G to 3G
 Counter Structure
 Handover performance per 2G cell
 Handover performance per 3G adjacent cell
 Ec/Io performance per 3G adjacent cell
 ISHO KPI
 Monitoring of ISNCCR from 2G to 3G Introduction

Counter Structure
Measurements for ISHO monitoring
4 = handover measurements
• Outgoing handovers per source 2G cell
• Incoming handovers per target 2G cell
93 = UTRAN handover adjacent cell measurements
• Outgoing handovers per 3G adjacency
• Incoming handover per 3G adjacency
94 = UTRAN neighboring cell signal cell measurements
• Ec/Io statistic per 3G adjacency

4 = HO per
2G cell
2G 94 = Ec/Io per
3G adjacency
93 = HO per 3G
adjacency 3G
HO Measurements
Handover attempt and success for each 2G cell
Both for outgoing and incoming handover
• Number of attempts
• Number of successes
• Number of failures in dependence on cause
Lack of resources
BSS problems
All failures
Etc….
Attempts Successes

HO Measurements
Individual cause counters for each 2G cell
Outgoing handover Incoming handover comment
4150 MSC_TCH_HO_WCDMA_RAN_ATT 4144 MSC_TCH_HO_FROM_WCDMA_RAN_ATT # of attempts
4158 MSC_TO_WCDMA_RAN_SUCC_TCH_HO 4149 MSC_HO_WCDMA_RAN_SUCC # of successes
4155 MSC_TO_WCDMA_RAN_FAIL_LACK 4145 MSC_WCDMARAN_HO_ATT_UNSUC_LACK # of failure due to lack of

radio resources
4152 MSC_END_OF_HO_WCDMARAN_DUE_BSS 4148 MSC_UNSUC_HO_WCDMARAN_DUE_CONN # of failures due to

connection MS-BTS
broken in 2G
4146 MSC_WCDMA_RAN_HO_ATT_UNSUC_BSS # of failures due to BSS

problems
4151 MSC_HO_TO_WCDMA_RAN_NOT_ALLOW Counted by RNC # of failures due to HO

not allowed
4207 MSC_I_WCDMA_UNSUC_POOL_SWITCH # of failures due to

wrong A circuit type
4208 MSC_I_WCDMA_SUCC_POOL_SWITCH # of successes after

circuit pool switching

HO Measurements
Individual cause counters for each 2G cell
Outgoing handover Incoming handover comment
4156 MSC_END_OF_HO_TO_WCDMA_RAN 4147 MSC_WCDMA_RAN_END_OF_HO # of HO ended due to

return to old channel
MS lost during HO
call cleared during HO
4157 MSC_CALL_DROP_HO_WCDMA_RAN Counted by RNC # of call drops during

HO

UTRAN HO Adjacent Cell Measurements
Handover attempt and success for each adjacent 3G cell
Both for outgoing and incoming handover
• Number of attempts
• Number of successes
• Number of failures due to lack of resources
Failures due to All failures

lack of
resources
Attempts Successes

UTRAN HO Adjacent Cell Measurements
Counter for handover statistics
For each adjacent cell 6 counters
• LAC / SAC ID
• PLMN ID
• Cell ID
• Number of outgoing and incoming handover attempts
• Number of successful outgoing and incoming handovers
• Number of outgoing and incoming handover failures due to lack of resources
1st adjacency → counters 93000…93007 (without cell ID)
2nd adjacency → counters 93008…930015 (without cell ID)
32th adjacency → counters 93248…93255
ATTENTION: The cell IDs for the adjacencies 1…32 are set by the “counters” 93259…93290

UTRAN Neighbouring Cell Signal Level
Measurements
Ec//Io statistics for each adjacent 3G cell
Define lower and upper Ec/Io limit
• LOWER EC/NO LIMIT = „counter“ 94000
• UPPER EC/NO LIMIT = „counter“ 94001
Count reports for the following cases
• Ec/Io < LOWER EC/NO LIMIT (bad Ec/Io)
• LOWER EC/NO LIMIT ≤ Ec/Io ≤ UPPER EC/NO LIMIT (intermediate Ec/Io)
• Ec/Io > UPPER EC/NO LIMIT (good Ec/Io)
Number of reports
Intermediate
Ec/Io Good
Ec/Io
Bad Ec/Io
LOWER EC/NO UPPER EC/NO
LIMIT LIMIT Ec/Io
UTRAN Neighbouring Cell Signal Level
Measurements
Counters for Ec//Io statistics
For each adjacent cell 6 counters
• LAC / RNC ID
• PLMN ID
• Cell ID
• Number of reports indicating bad Ec/Io
• Number of reports indicating intermediate Ec/Io
• Number of reports indicating good Ec/Io
1st adjacency → counters 94002…94007
2nd adjacency → counters 94008…940013
32th adjacency → counters 94188…94193

ISHO KPI
Overall ISHO success rate per 2G cell
ISHO_succe ss_rate  successful _ISHOs

ISHO_attem pts
MSC_TO_WCD MA_RAN_SUC C_TCH_HO  MSC_HO_WCD MA_RAN_SUC C

ISHO_succe ss_rate  MSC_TCH_HO _WCDMA_RAN _ATT  MSC_TCH_HO _FROM_WCDM A_RAN_ATT

ISHO KPI
ISHO success rate per 3G neighbor
ISHO attempts per adjacency
• No attempts to distant cell → might be removed from neighbor list
• No attempts to nearby cell → check whether SC is declared correctly in BSC and RNC
data base
ISHO success per adjacency
• High failure rate (several 10%) → besides air interface performance check for SC clash
• 100% failure rate → check for inconsistency between RNC, BSC and core network data
bases (e.g. CI, LAC and RAC declarations
 successful_outgoing_ISHOs  successful_incoming_ISHOs
ISHO_success_per_adjacency 
outgoing_ISHO_attempts  incoming_ISHO_attempts

Content

 Signaling Flow for ISHO and ISNCCR
 Monitoring of ISHO from 2G to 3G
 Monitoring of ISNCCR from 2G to 3G Introduction
 Counter Structure
 ISNCCR performance per 2G cell
 ISNCCR performance per 3G adjacent cell
 ISNCCR KPI

Counter Structure
Measurements for ISNCCR monitoring
95 = GPRS cell reselection measurements
Cell reselection per source 2G cell
27 = GPRS cell reselection report
Cell reselection per 3G adjacency
Measurements consider outgoing mobility only
95 = NCCR
per 2G cell
2G
27 = NCCR
per 3G 3G
adjacency

GPRS Re-selection Measurements
Just ISNCCR trigger for each 2G cell
No failure analysis
95004 = PCCO_SENT_DUE_SERV_ISNCCR
Number of started service based ISNCCR procedures
95005 = PCCO_SENT_DUE_COVERAGE_ISNCCR
Number of started coverage based ISNCCR procedures

GPRS Re-selection Report
ISNCCR attempt and success for each adjacent 3G cell
Log file which lists for each ISNCCR procedure
• Source cell
• Trigger
• Target cell
• Success
• Failure cause, if no success

GPRS Re-selection Report
Content of report file
For each NCCR / NACC procedure 16 entries
• LAC / RAC / cell ID of source cell
• Segment / BTS / TRX ID of source cell
• IMSI of traced MS
• Network control NCO mode of MS
• Start time of NCCR procedure
• Trigger of NCCR procedure
• RNC / cell ID of target cell
• Start time of NACC procedure
• Time the PCU orders cell change
• End cause of NCCR / NACC procedure (success or failure cause)
• End time of NCCR / NACC procedure

ISNCCR KPI
Overall ISHO success rate per 2G cell
Has to be constructed from report file
ISNCCR_suc cess_rate  successful _ISNCCRs

ISNCCR_att empts

ISNCCR KPI
ISNCCR success rate per 3G neighbor
ISNCCR attempts per adjacency
• No attempts to distant cell → might be removed from neighbor list
• No attempts to nearby cell → check whether SC is declared correctly in BSC and RNC
data base
ISNCCR success per adjacency
• High failure rate (several 10%) → besides air interface performance check for SC clash
• 100% failure rate → check for inconsistency between RNC, BSC and core network data
bases (e.g. CI, LAC and RAC declarations
 successful_ISNCCRs
ISNCCR_success_per_adjacency 
ISNCCR_attempts

01 - 6541 - E01 - Interworking GSM To WCDMA PDF

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

01 - 6541 - E01 - Interworking GSM To WCDMA PDF

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Content

GSM / WCDMA / LTE Interworking

01-1 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

01-2 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

01-3 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

01-4 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

The maximum number of WCDMA neighbors per GSM

2G neighbor 1 3G neighbor 1 LTE neighbor 1

2G neighbor 2 3G neighbor 2 LTE neighbor 2

2G neighbor n 3G neighbor n ≤ 32 LTE neighbor n

01-5 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

► Performance Measurements and KPIs

01-6 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

DAP BSC LAPD

DAP Dynamic Abis Pool BTS Base Transceiver Station

BAL Broadcast Allocation List TRX Transceiver

MAL Mobile Allocation List ADJE GSM Adjacency

MALD Mobile Allocation List for DFCA HOC Handover Control

LAPD Link Access Protocol for D-channel POC Power Control

PCU Packet Control Unit ADJW WCDMA Adjacency

PCM Pulse Code Modulation ADJL LTE Adjacency

RA Routing Area CH Channel

BCF Base Control Function

01-8 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

01-9 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

01-10 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

• Trigger of conventional handover within 2G

01-11 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

01-12 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

• Trigger to select adjacent 3G cells

01-13 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

01-14 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

► Performance Measurements and KPIs

01-15 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

01-16 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

• Non GPRS capable MS in idle mode

• GPRS capable MS in packet idle mode, if NCCR not enabled

• GPRS capable MS in packet idle mode, if NCCR enabled

• MS in connected mode (GSM)

• MS in packet transfer mode (GPRS)

01-17 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

• MS looks for adjacent 3G cells in case of low 2G coverage

• MS looks for adjacent 3G cells in case of high 2G coverage

• MS never looks for adjacent 3G cells

01-18 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

• e.g. GSM 1800 + WCDMA 900

• No mobility towards 3G in case of good 2G coverage

01-19 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

• e.g. GSM 900 + WCDMA 2100

• No mobility towards 3G in case of low 2G coverage

01-20 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

• Mobility towards 3G possible in any case

• But higher MS battery power consumption

01-21 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved

• Non GPRS capable MS

• GPRS capable MS, if NCCR disabled

3G cell is selected, if for at least 5s the following conditions are valid

CPICH RSCP > average RxLev + fddQOffset AND

CPICH Ec/Io ≥ fddQMin – fddQminOffset

Purpose of offset parameters

fddQOffset can make 3G more or less attractive in comparison to 2G (can be positive or

fddQminOffset can make 3G more attractive only (can be positive only)

01-22 TA-TC 6541 E01 www.techcom.de Copyright © All rights reserved