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REFERENCE MANUAL

AND
SPREADSHEET USERS
GUIDE

Joist Girder Moment Connections to


Wide Flange Columns - Knife Plates

Version 1.01

Steel Joist Institute


234 W. Cheves Street
Florence, SC 29501
Phone: (843) 407-4091
www.steeljoist.or

© COPYRIGHT 2014 STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE


Joist Girder Moment Connections to Wide Flange Columns -
Knife Plates
The knife plate detail for a Joist Girder framing into a wide flange column is shown in
Figure 1. A detail of the knife plate is shown in Figure 2. If an insufficient amount of
weld is available the knife plate can be extended farther into the Joist Girder top
chord to obtain additional weld length, or the top chord can be extended across the
column, see Figure 3. If Joist Girders frame to the column from both sides, then the
detail is similar to Figure 1 with the cap plate extended on both sides of the column.
See Figure 4.
The vertical reactions (both gravity and uplift) and the horizontal chord force are
transferred to the column through the weld between the Joist Girder top chord and
the knife plate and then through the column cap plate. For Joist Girders framing to
both sides of the column the knife plate can also be used to transfer continuity forces
from one Joist Girder to the other. The bottom chord force is transferred to the
column through the stabilizer plates.

If the Joist Girder is modeled as a truss the chord forces are obtained directly from
the model; however, if the Joist Girder is modeled as a beam element the chord
forces are determined by resolving the end moments into force couples. Numerous
limit states must be examined. These limit states are discussed below.

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Figure 1: Joist Girder Framing to one side of the Column

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Figure 2: Knife Plate Detail

Figure 3: Extended Joist Girder Top Chord

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Figure 4: Joist Girders Framing to both sides of the Column

Design Requirements:
For brevity, this Manual is presented in LRFD format. ASD design procedures follow
in a parallel nature. Before using the SPREADSHEET the user should perform a
structural analysis to determine that the column has the available strength to resist
the applied loads. The user should also have a working knowledge of the AISC
connection design requirements.

A. Knife Plate Connection:

The knife plate field weld is designed to resist the Joist Girder vertical reactions and
the top chord axial forces. This design approach is used in the SPREADSHEET
because the seat most likely will not fully bear on the cap plate due to roof pitch and

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seat fabrication tolerances. In many cases a gap will exist beneath the seat. Since
the knife plate field weld has limited ductility transverse to its longitudinal axis the
weld may crack, unless the Joist Girder seat has proper bearing. If the seat
shimmed to provide good bearing one might be able to justify that only the top chord
axial forces need to be resisted by the field weld; however, for uplift loads it is likely
that the vertical reaction would only be resisted by the field welds. The required
strength of the weld connecting the top chord to the knife plate, and the required
strength of the knife plate are determined from the vertical reaction, R u and the axial
force in the top chord of the Joist Girder(s), Pu = Mr/de. Mr is the required end
moment of the Joist Girder and de is taken as the distance from the top of the Joist
Girder to the half depth of the bottom chord leg. The Joist Girder Manufacturer has
the responsibility to check the top chord angles for shear lag. The shear lag factor is
calculated for the top chord based on the INPUT of the angle size and the Canadian
Institute of Steel Construction Specification (CISC) since the AISC Specifications do
not have a criterion for a single weld line.

A 7/8 in. minimum thickness of the knife plate is recommended. The maximum
thickness should not exceed 2.0 in. Cap plate extensions should not exceed 4 in.

When Joist Girders frame to both sides of a column, (Moment - Interior W Column),
the continuity forces must be transferred through the knife plate. The effective net
area of the knife plate for this condition is based on the Whitmore width.

B. Top Chord Connection Checks:

1. Shear lag Joist Girder Top Chord


Joist Girder - Shear Lag
x
U  1
For equal leg angles x = ½ of the angle leg length.
= the length of the weld.

2. Weld Requirement between the Joist Girder Top Chord and the Knife Plate ( = 0.75)
Weld - Knife Plate to Joist Girder Top Chord

The weld between the Joist Girder top chord and the knife plate is separated into
two weld sizes and lengths in the SPREADSHEET. The weld length to resist the top
chord axial forces is based on the total available weld length between the top chord
and the knife plate.

The weld length for chord force, Ltc, equals one half of the column depth plus the
knife plate extension less the setback length.

Ltc = d/2 + Lkp - Stc (See SPREADSHEET for the variable designations).

Weld Design Strength = Ruh = (0.75)(0.707)(0.6)(FEXX)(wtc), kips/in.

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The weld length used to resist the vertical reaction is determined from a number of
geometric parameters. To provide a symmetrical weld for the vertical shear, four
limits are evaluated. Figure 5 illustrates these four geometric limits.

1) A length based on a 45 degree spread from the top of the column flange
projected up to the top chord weld line.
2) Two times the distance from top chord setback to the center of the column
flange.
3) Two times the length of the cap plate extension.
4) The leg length of the top chord.

The least value of these four is used. The calculated effective weld length may be
changed based on joist girder geometry at the discretion of the EOR/Specifying
Professional.

Figure 5: Weld Length for Vertical Shear

Ruh = The Required Design Strength for the horizontal weld, kips/in.

Ruv = The Required Design Strength for the vertical weld, kips/in.

The Resultant Required Design Strength in the weld length for vertical shear, wtcr
equals:

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R  + R  , kips / in.
2 2
Ru = uv uh

3. Design Strength of the Knife Plate for Shear Yield ( = 1.0)


Knife Plate - Shear Yield

Rn = (1.0)(0.6)(Fy)(tkp)(Lcp), kips


where, Lcp = Rc + d + Lc

4. Design Strength of the Knife Plate for Shear Rupture ( = 0.75)


Knife Plate - Shear Rupture

Rn = (0.75)(0.6)(Fu)(t kp)(Lcp), kips, or


Rn = (0.75)(0.6)(Fu)(t kp)(Ltc), kips
where, Lcp = Rc + d + Lc

5. Local Yielding of the Knife Plate at the Column Flange ( = 0.9)


Knife Plate - Yield (Local Yielding)

The vertical reactions are determined at the center line of column flange.
Ph
Seat Depth

dr
RL RR

RL = Ph(Seat Depth + Column Cap Thickness)/dr, kips


RR = RL + Vertical Reaction, kips
dr = column depth - column flange thickness

The effective length, LL for yielding at the left side is taken as the minimum of:
a. Two times the cap plate thickness, or
b. Two times the left cap plate extension beyond the column flange, or
c. The column depth divided by two.

Rn = FytkpLL , kips


LL = minimum of: (2tcp, 2Lc, or dr/2), in.

The effective length, LR for yielding at the right side is taken as the minimum of:
a. Two times the cap plate thickness, or
b. Two times the right cap plate extension beyond the column flange, or
c. The column depth divided by two.

Rn = FytkpLR , kips

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LR = minimum of: (2tcp, 2Rc, or dr/2), in.

6. Local Tensile Rupture of the Knife Plate at the Column Flange ( = 0.75)
Knife Plate - Tensile Rupture

For a CJP weld at the left side, Rn = (Fu)(tkp)(LL), kips


For a CJP weld at the right side, Rn = (Fu)(tkp)(LR), kips
For a PJP weld, Rn is based on the effective throat of the PJP weld:
Rn = (Fu)(tkp)(L)(Ecp)(2) , kips
LL and LR are the same as for the local yielding check.

7. Buckling Strength of the Knife Plate ( = 0.9)


Knife Plate - Left or Right Flange Compression
2.1Wkp 12
Slenderness: KL / r =
tkp
where K = 2.1, L = Wkp , in., r = tkp / 12 , in.
Pn = FcrAg, kips AISC E3-1
Ag = 2(tcp+tdes) tkp, in2.

8. Weld Strength Knife Plate to Column Cap Plate ( = 0.75)

For CJP welds the strength is based on the base metal strength ( =1.0)

Rn = (1.0)(0.6)(Fy)(tkp)(Lcp), kips


where, Lcp = Rc + d + Lc

For PJP welds the effective throat is taken as the minimum of the specified throat, Ecp
or as (the thickness of the knife plate - 3/8)/2

Rn = (0.75)(0.6)FEXXE cp, kips/in.

9. Strength of the Cap Plate in Shear ( =1.0)


Cap Plate - Shear Yielding

Rn = (1.0)(0.6)Fyt cpL cp, kips

10. Strength of the Weld Between the Cap Plate and the Column Web ( = 0.75)
Shear Weld - Cap Plate to Column Web

The weld of the cap plate to the column must also be designed since the top plate
force must be transferred into the column web. The SPREADSHEET bases the weld
length design on the T distance of the column. On occasion the base metal strength
may be less than the weld strength. If this occurs the user can select a deeper
column or one with a thicker web.

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Minimum cap thickness, min. tcap = (0.6)(FEXX)(0.707)(w ccp)/[(0.6)(Fy)], in.
Minimum web thickness, min. tw = (0.6)(FEXX)(0.707)(w ccp)/[(0.6)(Fu)], in.
Rn = (0.75)(0.707)(w ccp)(0.6)(70)(L)(2), kips

If the cap thickness, tcap is less than the minimum cap thickness, (min. tcap), Rn is
reduced by the ratio of cap thickness divided by the minimum cap thickness.
Likewise, if the web thickness, tw is less than the minimum web thickness, (min. tw),
Rn is reduced by the ratio of web thickness divided by the minimum web thickness.

11. Shear Strength of the Column


Column - Shear Yielding

The nominal shear strength, Vn is:

Vn = 0.6FyAwCv AISC G2-1


where, Aw = dtw and Cv = 1.0

when h t w ≤ 2.24 E Fy , (ф =1.0, otherwise ф = 0.9)

For webs of all other W-shapes the web shear coefficient, Cv, is determined as
follows:

When h / t w ≤ 1.10 k vE / Fy Cv = 1.0 AISC G2-3


1.10 k vE / Fy
When 1.10 k vE / Fy < h / t w ≤ 1.37 k vE / Fy Cv = AISC G2-4
h / tw
1.51k vE
When h / t w > 1.37 k vE / Fy Cv = AISC G2-5
h / t 
2
w
Fy
Where:
h = the clear distance between the flanges less the fillet or corner radii, in. (mm)
tw = thickness of web, in.
kv = 5.

The SPREADSHEET does not check the column web shear below the bottom chord
of the Joist Girders.

NOTE: If the web does not have the available strength for shear, then it is generally
most economical to either select a deeper W shape or one with a thicker web. The
column web shear yielding is checked at the Joist Girder top chord connection
independent of the column web panel zone shear.

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12. Weld Strength Between the Cap Plate and Column Flange
( =0.75) Weld - Cap Plate to Column Flange

The effective length, L, of weld is taken as the minimum of: [bf, or 5(tcp) + tkp]
Where bf = the column flange width.

Rn = 1.5 (wccp)(L)(0.6)(FEXX)(0.707), kips

13. Column Flange Yielding due to the Knife Plate Forces ( = 1.0)
Column - Flange Local Yielding

tkp
tcp

tf

Yield Area

Rn = Fytf[5tcp + tkp], when (5tcp + tkp) < bf AISC K1-14a

Rn = Fybftf when [5tcp +tkp] ≥ bf AISC K1-14b

If local yielding values are exceeded, the thickness of the cap plate can often be
increased to solve the problem, otherwise a deeper column or a column with a
thicker flange can be selected.

14. Strength of the Knife Plate ( = 0.9)


Knife Plate – Continuity Force Yielding

If the column is supporting Joist Girders from each side, the knife plate may also be
subjected to tension or compression stresses.

Rn = Fy A/4, kips

A = (tkp)(Effective Plate Depth)

The effective plate depth is taken as the minimum of the height to the weld line
(W kp), or the minimum depth based on the Whitmore width: MIN[Left (L tc), right
(Ltc)]tan300}.

FyA is divided by 4 based on combined axial and bending stresses in the knife plate.
The bending moment is taken as half the effective plate depth times the axial force.

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C. Bottom Chord and Stabilizer Checks:

The bottom chord of the Joist Girder must be attached to the stabilizer plate to resist
the chord force. In addition, the stabilizer plate must transfer this same force to the
column. Stabilizer plates are normally sized based on a 3/4 in. thickness. Using a
3/4 in. plate allows the plate to fit between the bottom chord angles allowing fillet
welds to be made to the heels and toes of the chord angles. For economy the
stabilizer plates can usually be connected to the column using only fillet welds
Stabilizer plates must be welded to the column flange to resist the compression and
tension forces. The Specifying Professional must specify that the Joist Girder bottom
chords be a minimum thickness to accommodate the required weld size. As is
required for the top chord, the Joist Girder Manufacturer has the responsibility to
check the bottom chord angles for shear lag. Case 2 from Table D3.1 is applicable
for this check. For reference, the shear lag factor is calculated for the bottom chord
based on the INPUT of the angle size. Providing longer length fillet welds will
reduce shear lag effects.

1. Determine the weld between the bottom chord and the stabilizer

Required length = Chord Force / Weld Strength = Pu / Rn

2. Check the Whitmore width for stabilizer (AISC Manual Section 9-3):

If the bottom chord weld starts at the end of the stabilizer, the Whitmore length equals
(2)(tan30o)(Weld Length) + the bottom chord leg height, but not greater than the
stabilizer width.

3. Check stabilizer yielding ( =0.90)


Pu ≤ Rn
Rn = tshsFy
where: ts = stabilizer thickness, hs = stabilizer effective width (per
the Whitmore section).

4. Check stabilizer Block Shear Rupture Strength ( = 0.75). AISC J4.3

(a) Block Shear Plane 1:

Rn = 0.60FuAnv + UbsFuAnt ≤ 0.60FyAgv + UbsFuAnt


Anv = net area subject to shear, in.2
Ant = net area subject to tension, in.2
Ubs = 1.0

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(b) Block Shear Plane 2:

Checked as in (a).

5. Determine the weld between the stabilizer and the column

The SPREADSHEET uses the Joist Girder bottom chord forces to determine the weld
requirements. Some designers prefer to provide enough weld to develop the full
strength of the stabilizer.

6. Minimum Member Thicknesses (Weld Compatibility):

Throughout the SPREADSHEET, checks are made for the minimum thicknesses of
base metal to match the weld strength. From the AISC Specification, Section J2.4,
The design strength, Rn and the allowable strength, Rn/Ω of welded joints shall be
the lower value of the base material strength determined according to the limit states
of tensile rupture and shear rupture and the weld metal strength determined
according to the limit state of rupture as follows:

For the base metal: Rn = FnBMABM AISC J2-2


FnBM = nominal stress of the base metal (0.6Fu), ksi
ABM = cross-sectional area of the base metal, in2.
Rn = 0.6FuAnv AISC J4-4
Anv = net area subject to shear, in2.
 = 0.75 (LRFD), Ω = 2.00 (ASD)

For the weld metal: Rn = 0.6FEXXAw


Aw = Area of the weld, in2.
 = 0.75 (LRFD), Ω = 2.00 (ASD)

The compatibility check is done by comparing the weld strength (kips/in.) to the base
metal strength (kips/in.). In LRFD terms:

Rn weld  Rn base metal


weld  0.75
base metal  0.75
1.39D kips / in ≤  0.75  0.6  t  Fu kips / in.
From Part 9 of the AISC Manual:

For fillet welds on one side of the connection:

3.09D
tmin =
Fu

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For fillet welds on both sides of the connection:

6.19D
tmin =
Fu

7. Bottom Chord Shear Lag Check:


x
U  1- Case 2 from Table D3.1

D. Column Web Checks:

1. Web Local Yielding ( = 1.0).

Rn =  5k +lb  Fyw t w AISC J10-2


where, lb = length of bearing (W st), in.
Fyw = specified minimum yield stress of the web material, ksi
k = distance from outer face of the flange to the web toe of the fillet, in.
tw = thickness of web, in.

2. Web Crippling ( = 0.75):


1.5
  lb   t w   EFyw t f
2
Rn = 0.80 t 1+ 3     
w AISC J10-4
  d   t f   tw
where, d = full nominal depth of the section, in.

3. Web Compression Buckling: ( = 0.90).

Web compression buckling is applicable when a pair of single-concentrated forces is


applied at both flanges of a member. This condition does not exist at the exterior
columns. The available strength for the limit state of web local buckling equals:
24 t 3w E Fyw
Rn  AISC J10-8
h
where, h = clear distance between flanges less the fillet.

It is noted in the AISC Commentary that, “Equation J10-8 is applicable to a pair of


moment connections, and other pairs of compressive forces applied at both flanges
of a member, for which lb/d is approximately less than 1. When lb/d is not small, the
member web should be designed as a compression member in accordance with
Chapter E.” The SPREADSHEET does not make this check.

NOTE: When unequal depth Joist Girders frame into both sides of the column web,
compression buckling is checked when the stabilizer plates overlap one another. In
cases when the web does not have sufficient strength for the compressive or tensile
forces delivered by the stabilizer, the strength can be increased by:
 Selecting a W Shape with a thicker web.

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 Adding a stiffener to the web of the column.
 Adding a doubler plate.

4. Web Panel Zone Shear ( = 0.9)

AISC Specification Equations J10-9 and J10-10 apply when panel-zone deformation
has not been considered in the frame analysis. The SPREADSHEET uses this
condition.

For Pr ≤ 0.4Pc
Rn  0.60 Fy dc t w AISC J10-9
For Pr > 0.4Pc
 P 
Rn  0.60 Fy dc t w 1.4  r  AISC J10-10
 Pc 
where, dc = depth of column, in.
Pr = the required strength, and Pc = Py (LRFD)
The SPREADSHEET does not check the web panel zone shear below the bottom
chord of the Joist Girders.

COMMENTS ON “SUMMARY RESULTS for MOMENT CONNECTION”


TOP CHORD CONNECTION (MOMENT- W SIDEWALL COLUMN)

Cell F69 “Top Chord Setback”: A “NG” is shown if the setback is greater than one
half of the column depth minus 2 in. or if the setback is less than the negative value
of one half of the column minus the weld length between the Joist Girder top chord
and the knife plate (Stc > d/2 - 2 in., or < -d/2 - Lc). The 2 in. length is to ensure that
the top chord extends over the column by a minimum of 2 in.

Cell F70 “Top Chord Weld Size”: A “NG” is shown if the gap between the chords is
less than or equal to twice the maximum top chord weld size plus 1/8 in., or if the
gap is greater than twice the maximum top chord weld size plus 1/4 in.
gap < MAX(2wtc or 2wtc1) + 1/8 in., or gap > MAX(2wtc or 2wtc1) + ¼ in.

Cell F71 “Knife Plate Thickness”: A “NG” is shown if the knife plate thickness is
greater than the gap, or if the knife plate thickness is less than the gap minus 1/8 in.
(tkp > gap, or tkp < (gap - 1/8 in.).

Cell F72 “Knife Plate Extension”: A “NG” is shown if the knife plate extension is less
than the right or left cap plate extension, or if Joist Girder weld length is less than the
top chord leg angle size
(Lkp < Rc or Ltc < Btc).

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Cell F73 “Left Cap Plate Thickness”: A “NG is shown if the left knife plate extension
is less than the cap plate flange weld plus ¼. (Lc < wcpf + ¼ in.)

Cell F74 “Right Cap Plate Extension”: A “NG is shown if the right knife plate
extension is less than the cap plate flange weld plus ¼. (Rc < wcpf + ¼ in.)

Cell F75 “PJP Weld Size”: A “NG” is shown if the PJP weld, Ecp, between the knife
plate and the column cap plate violates the values shown in AISC Table J2.3.

Similar comments exist for the “TOP CHORD CONNECTION (MOMENT- W


INTERIOR COLUMN)”

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EXAMPLE:
Given
W30x116 (A992) Joist Girder Data (Factored Loads):
d =30.0 in., bf = 10.5 in. M = 1003 kip-ft. = 12,036 kip-in. (tension on top)
tw = 0.565 in., tf = 0.850 in. Joist Girder Depth = 48 in.
k = 1.50 in., T= 26.5 in. 4 x 0.375 in. chord legs, gap
A = 34.2 in.2 Pu =12,036/46 = 261.65 kips
Fy = 50 ksi Reaction = 100 kips (factored load)
Fu = 65 ksi
Column Cap Plate t = 1.5 in. Stabilizer Plate: 1.0 x 8 x12 in.
Plate Material A36, except knife plate and stabilizer plate, Fy = 50 ksi
Weld sizes Joist Girder to Knife Plate, wtc = 5/16 in., wtcr =5/8 in., Ltcr = 6.0 in.,
Ltc = 19.5 in.
Lc =1.0 in., Rc = 3.0 in., Lkp = 5.0 in.

The cap plate is detailed to project 3 in. from the right face of the column and 1 in.
from the left face. A 4 in. projection is the maximum that should be used, as a greater
projection will cause the Joist Girder manufacturer to provide a seat height greater than
7.5 inches to have the vertical reaction centered over the column flange.

Top Chord Connection Checks:

1. Shear lag Joist Girder Top Chord


Joist Girder - Shear Lag
x 2.0
U  1  1  0.90
19.5
where
x =the distance from the weld line to the angle centroid = 2.0 in.
= the length of the weld = 19.5 in.

2. Weld Requirement between the Joist Girder Top Chord and the Knife Plate ( = 0.75)
Weld- Knife Plate to Joist Girder Top Chord

Effective length for vertical shear = 6.0 in. (user input).


Effective weld length for chord force = Ltc = d/2 + Lkp - Stc = 30.0/2 + 5 - 0.5 = 19.5 in.
Design Strength (chord force) = Rn = (0.75)(0.707)(0.6)(70)(0.3125) = 6.96 kips/in.
Design Strength (shear) = Rn = (0.75)(0.707)(0.6)(70)(0.625) = 13.92 kips/in.
Horizontal Weld, Ruh = Pu/Ltc = 261.65/[(2)(19.5)] = 6.71 kips/in.
Vertical Weld, Ruv = Ru/4 = 100/[(2)(6)] = 8.33 kips/in.

 R  + R  8.33  + 6.71
2 2 2 2
Resultant weld: Ru = uv uh
= = 10.70 kips / in.
JG Horizontal Ratio: Ruh/Rn = 6.71/6.96 = 0.96 ok
JG Vertical Ratio Ru/Rn = 10.70/13.92 = 0.77 ok

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Use 5/8 in. fillet welds in reinforced area. Note the stabilizer plate must be 1.375 in.
thick (twice the weld size plus 1/8 in.).

3. Design Strength of the Knife Plate for Shear Yield ( = 1.0)


Knife Plate - Shear Yield

Rn = (0.6)(Fy)(tkp)(Lcp), Lcp = Rc + d + Lc, Lcp = 3.0 + 30 + 1.0 = 34 in.


Rn = (0.6)(50)(1.375)(34) = 1403.0 kips
Rn = (1.0)(1403.0) = 1403.0 kips
Shear Yielding = Ru/Rn = 261.65/1403.0 = 0.187 ok

4. Design Strength of the Knife Plate for Shear Rupture ( = 0.75)


Knife Plate - Shear Rupture

Rn = (0.75)(0.6)(Fu)(t kp)(Lcp), kips, or


Rn = (0.75)(0.6)(Fu)(t kp)(Ltc), kips
фRn = (0.75)(0.6)(Fu)(t kp)(Lcp) = (0.6)(65)(1.375)(34) = 1367 kips, or
Rn = (0.75)(0.6)(Fu)(t kp)(Ltc) =(0.75)(0.6)(65)(1.375)(19.5) = 784.3 kips
Shear Rupture = Ru/Rn = 261.65/784.3 = 0.334 ok

5. Local Yielding of the Knife Plate at the Column Flanges ( = 0.9)


Knife Plate - Yield (Local Yielding)

Determine vertical reactions on center line of Column Flanges:

261.65 kips
6.5"
Thickness of cap plate = 1.5 in.

RL RR

RL = (261.65)(6.5 + 1.5)/(30.0 - 0.850) = 71.81 kips


RR = 71.81 + 100 = 171.81 kips

Left Flange Effective Length, L:


L = MIN(2tcp, 2Lc, d/2) = MIN( 3.0, 2.0, 15.0) = 2.0 in.
Rn = FytkpL = (50)(1.375)(2.0) = 137.5 kips
Rn = (0.9)(125) = 123.8 kips
Ru/Rn = 71.81/123.8 = 0.580 ok

Right Flange Effective Length, L:


L = MIN(2tcp, 2Rc, d/2) = MIN( 3.0, 6.0, 15.0) = 3.0 in.
Rn = FytkpL = (50)(1.375)(3.0) = 206.25 kips
Rn = (0.9)(206.25) = 185.6 kips
Ru/Rn = 171.81/185.6 = 0.926 ok

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6. Local Tensile Rupture of the Knife Plate at the Column Flanges ( = 0.75)
Knife Plate - Tensile Rupture

For CJP weld for left flange:


Rn = (Fu)(tkp)(Lc) = (65)(1.375)(2.0) = 178.75 kips
Rn = (0.75)(178.75) = 134.1 kips
Shear Yielding controls, Ru/Rn = 0.580 ok

For CJP weld for right flange:


Rn = (Fu)(tkp)(Rc) = (65)(1.375)(3.0) = 268.2 kips
Rn = (0.75)(268.1) = 201.1 kips

Shear Yielding controls: Ru/Rn = 0.926 ok

7. Buckling Strength of the Knife Plate ( = 0.9)


Knife Plate - Right Flange Compression

Slenderness: KL / r =
2.1wkp 12
=
 2.1 6.5  12
= 34.4
tkp 1.375
Ag = (2tcp+tf)tkp = [(2)(1.5) +0.850]1.375 = 5.29 in2.
Using the AISC Column Equations with  =0.9, Rn = Pn = 218.5 kips
Ru/Rn = 100.0/218.5 = 0.458 ok

8. Weld Strength Knife Plate to Column Cap Plate

Since a CJP weld was specified no calculation is required. If a PJP weld was specified
for the 1.375 in. thick knife plate the Effective Throat of the weld would be, E =
MIN[Ecp, (tkp - 3/8)/2 ] = 0.50 in. The required force is determined from the square root
of the sum of the squares of the applied forces.

Weld Strength: Rn = (0.75)(0.6)FEXXE = (0.75)(0.6)(70)(0.50) = 15.75 kips/in.


Horizontal Force = 261.65/(2Lcp) = 261.65/[(2)(34.0)] = 3.848 kips/in
Vertical Force = 171.81/[(4)(Minimum of (tcp, Rc, d/2)]
Minimum of (tcp, Rc, d/2) = Minimum (1.5, 3, 15)
Vertical Force = 171.81/[(4)(1.5)] = 26.635 kips/in.
Resultant Force = 28.89 kips/in
Ru/Rn = 28.89/15.75 = 1.83 ng, thus a CJP is required.

9. Strength of the Cap Plate in Shear ( =1.0)


Cap Plate - Shear Yielding

Rn = (0.6)FytcpLcp = (0.6)(36)(1.5)(34) = 1102 kips


Rn = (1.0)(1102) = 1102 kips ok
Ru/фRn =261.65/[(2)(1102) = 0.119 ok

19
10. Strength of the Weld Between the Cap Plate and the Column Web ( = 0.75)
Shear Weld - Cap Plate to Column Web

Weld Length, T = 26.5 in.


Min. tcap = (0.6)(FEXX)(0.707)(wccp)/[(0.6)(Fu)
= (0.6)(70)(0.707)(0.3125)/[(0.6)(58) = 0.266 in.
Min. tw = (2)(0.6)(FEXX)(0.707)(wccp)/[(0.6)(Fu)]
= (2)(0.6)(70)(0.707)(0.3125)/[(0.6)(65)] = 0.476 in.
Rn = (0.707)(wccp)(0.6)(70)(L)(2)
= (0.707)(0.3125)(0.6)(70)(26.5)(2) = 492.0 kips
Rn = (0.75)(492.0) = 369.0 kips
Rn/Rn = 261.65/369.0 = 0.709 ok

11. Shear Strength of the Column ( = 0.9)


Column - Shear Yielding

Vn = 0.6FyAwCv
where, Aw = dtw
Cv = 1.0 when h t w ≤ 2.24 E Fy
h/tw = 30/0.565 = 53.1
Aw = dtw = (30)(0.565) = 16.95 in2
When h / t w ≤ 2.24 E / Fy = 2.24 29000 / 50 = 53.9 Cv = 1.0
Vn = 0.6FyAwCv =(0.6)(50)(16.95)(1.0) = 508.5 kips
Vn = (1.0)(509) = 508.5 kips
Ru/Vn = 261.65/508.5 = 0.515 ok

12. Weld Strength Between the Cap Plate and Column Flange
( =0.75) Weld - Cap Plate to Column Face

Effective Length = L = MIN (bf, [5(tcp) + tkp]


= MIN[10.5 in., [(5)(1.5) + 1.375] = 8.875 in,] = 8.88 in.
Rn = 1.5 (wccp)(L)(0.6)(E70)(0.707) = (1.5)(0.3125)(8.88)(0.6)(70)(0.707) = 123.6 kips
Rn = (0.75)(123.6) = 92.7 kips
Ru/Rn = 71.81/92.7 = 0.775 ok

13. Column Flange Yielding due to the Knife Plate Forces ( = 0.9)
Column - Flange Local Yielding

Rn = Fytf[5tcp + tkp], when (5tcp + tkp) < bf


Rn = Fybftf when [5tcp +tkp] ≥ bf
(5tcp + tkp) = 5(1.5) + 1.375 = 8.875 in. < 10.5 in.
Rn = (0.9)(50)(0.850)(8.88) = 339.5 kips
Ru/Rn = 171.81/339.5 = 0.506 ok

20
Bottom Chord and Stabilizer Checks:
Try a 1.0 in. thick stabilizer
1. Determine the weld between the bottom chord and the stabilizer

Try 5/16 in. fillet welds: Rn = (1.392)(5) = 6.96 kips/ in.
Required length = 261.65/6.96 = 37.6 in.

Use 4-5/16 in. fillet welds 10 in. long

фRn = (1.392)(5)(10)(4) = 278.4 > 261.65 ok

The Specifying Professional must request that the Joist Girder bottom chords be a
thickness to accommodate the required weld size. The Joist Girder Manufacturer is
responsible for the shear lag check of the bottom chord angles base on the weld
length used.

Use 1x8x12 in. stabilizer

2. Check the Whitmore width for stabilizer:

If the bottom chord weld starts at the end of the stabilizer the Whitmore length equals
(2)(tan30o)(10) = 11.55 in. plus the bottom chord leg length. Thus the Whitmore
length = 11.55 + 4 = 15.55 in. > 8 in. ok
Effective width = 8.0 in.

3. Check stabilizer yielding ( =0.90)


Rn = tshsFy
Where: ts = stabilizer thickness, hs = stabilizer effective width
Rn = (0.9)(1.0)(8)(50) = 360 kips > 261.65 kips ok.

4. Check stabilizer Block Shear Rupture Strength ( = 0.75)

Block Shear Plane 1:

Rn = 0.60FuAnv + UbsFuAnt ≤ 0.60FyAgv + UbsFuAnt


Anv = Agv = (2)(10)(1.0) = 20.0 in.2
Ant = (4)(1.0) = 4.0 in.2
Rn = (0.60)(65)(20.0)+(1.0)(65)(4.0) ≤ (0.6)(50)(24)+(1.0)(65)(4.0) kips
= 1040 kips ≥ 980 kips, therefore Rn =980 kips

Block Shear Plane 2:

Anv = Agv = (10.0)(1.0) = 10.0 in.2


Ant = (6)(1.0) = 4.0 in.
Rn = (0.60)(65)(10.0)+(1.0)(65)(6.0) ≤ (0.6)(50)(10.0)+(1.0)(65)(6.0) =

21
780 ≥ 690 kips, Rn =690 kips
Rn = (0.75)(690) = 517.5 ≥ 261.65 kips ok

5. Determine the weld between the stabilizer and the column.

The weld force per inch equals 261.65/16 = 16.35 kips/in.


Try 1/2 in. fillet welds: Rn = (1.5)1 (1.392)(8) = 16.70 kips/ in. > 16.35 kips ok

6. Weld Compatibility Check:

6.19D  6.19  8 
t min == = 0.762 in. ≤ 0.850 ok
Fu 65
7. Bottom Chord Shear Lag Check:

x 1.13
U  1-  1-  0.89
10

Column Web Checks:

1. Web Local Yielding ( = 1.0):

Rn =  5k +lb  Fyw t w
For the W30X116 column,
d = 30.0 in., k = 1.50 in., tw = 0.565 in., and lb = 8 in (the stabilizer plate height, W st).
tf = 0.850 in.
Rn =  5 1.50  + 8 50 0.565  = 438 kips

 = 1.0, thus Rn = 438 kips > 261.65 kips, stiffener not required.

2. Web Crippling ( = 0.75)


  N  t w 
1.5
 E Fyw t f
Rn  0.80 t 1  3   
2
w 
  d  t f   tw

  8  0.565    29000  50  0.850 


1.5

Rn  0.80  0.565  1  3 
2
    541 kips
  30.0  0.850   0.565
therefore Rn = 406 kips > 261.65 kips, stiffener not required.

1
Weld Strength Directionality Increase Used

22
3. Web Compression Buckling ( = 1.0)

Web compression buckling is applicable when a pair of single-concentrated forces is


applied at both flanges of a member. This condition does not exist at the exterior
columns. It does exist for stabilizer forces on interior columns. AISC Equation J10-8
is used for this check.

4. Web Panel Zone Shear

AISC Specification Equations J10-9 and J10-10 are applicable.

For Pr ≤ 0.4Pc
Rn  0.60 Fy dc t w

For Pr > 0.4Pc


 P 
Rn  0.60 Fy dc t w 1.4  r 
 Pc 
where, Pr = the required strength and Pc equal Py

For the W30x116, Pr = 100 kips, and Pc = FyA = (50)(34.2) = 1710 kips

0.4Pc = (0.4)(1710) = 684 kips ≥ 100 kips

Rn = 0.60Fydctw = (0.9)(0.60)(50)(30.0)(0.565) = 457.7 kips

Rn = 457.7 kips > 100 kips ok, Use a W30x116

23
PROGRAM USAGE GUIDE
Joist Girder Connections to Wide Flange Columns- Knife Plates
SPREADSHEET Philosophy:
The SPREADSHEET is structured to allow the user to input all data rather than forcing
computer generated values. This allows the user to select values or to use office
standards. This is especially useful when a multitude of designs are being considered
so that calculations can be provided for “lumping” common values.

SPREADSHEET Description:
The SPREADSHEET has seven sheet tabs consisting of General Information,
Formatting, Sidewall Column Diagram, Moment – Sidewall Column, Interior Column
Diagram, Moment – Interior Column, and AISC Database v14.
 General Information – List of design references, explanation of LFRD and
ASD color coding.
 Formatting – Information on the printing formatting setup for the
SPREADSHEET.
 Sidewall Column Diagram – A diagram of the connection being designed
for a Joist Girder to a sidewall column (with nomenclature).
 Moment-Sidewall Column – Design input and output sheet for the moment
connection for a Joist Girder to a sidewall column.
 Interior Column Diagram – A diagram of the connection being designed for
Joist Girder to an interior column (with nomenclature).
 Moment-Interior Column – Design Input and Output sheet for the moment
connection for two Joist Girders to an interior column.
 AISC Database v14 – AISC shape data for use in the connection design.
The actual design input and output sheets have been formatted to print all required
information for the design calculations of the connections.

SPREADSHEET Usage:
Before using the SPREADSHEET you should have in your possession:
1. The Steel Joist Institute’s Technical Digest 11, “Design of Lateral Load Resisting
Frames Using Steel Joists and Joist Girders”.
2. ANSI/AISC 360 -10, “Specification for Structural Steel Buildings”.
3. The Steel Joist Institute’s “Standard Specification for Joist Girders”, 2010.
4. Frame analysis results, such as Joist Girder end reactions, connection moments,
and column axial loads.

First read the General Information Tab and the Formatting Tab.

24
Print out the diagrams: Sidewall Column Diagram and the Interior Column Diagram.
These will assist you with input requirements. For proper printing of the
SPREADSHEET you may have to reset the margins.

Joist Girder Data:


Typically at the early stage of the design the actual Joist Girder design is not known by
the user. The user can either estimate the Joist Girder chords, weights and seat sizes,
or they can contact a SJI member company for the information. If the Joist Girder data
is unknown the following information can be estimated:

 The chord sizes can be estimated as described in Chapter 2 of the SJI Technical
Digest 11.
 The Joist Girder weight can be estimated using the SJI tabulated values in the
published catalog, or by multiplying the chord weight by 2.5. See the
PRELIMINARY SIZING EXAMPLE.
 The seat size can be estimated using the standards set forth by SJI Standard
Code of practice suggested sizes based on Joist Girder weight.

Knife Plate Preliminary Sizing:


The initial thickness of the knife plate, W tp, should be taken as 7/8 in. The maximum
thickness should not exceed 2.0 in.

Stabilizer Plate Preliminary Sizing:


An initial thickness of the stabilizer plate, t st, is based on the 1 in. standard gap between
the Joist Girder chord angles. Typically a 3/4 in. thickness is used to allow tolerance for
field erection and still allow for fillet welds from the chord angles to the plate.

The width of the stabilizer plate (W st) is estimated by dividing the required axial force by
the thickness of the stabilizer plate and Fy (LRFD) or 0.6Fy (ASD). The stabilizer width
must be a minimum of the chord angle leg size plus the weld shelf dimensions.

Minimum Weld Shelf Dimensions


Field Weld Size, in. Minimum Shelf Dimension, in
3/16 7/16
1/4 1/2
5/16 9/16
3/8 5/8
7/16 11/16
1/2 3/4
Table 1 Minimum Weld Shelf Dimensions

25
INPUT:
Use the Tabs to select a Moment- Sidewall Column Design, or a Moment- Interior
Column Design. If an interior column only has one side with a moment connection, use
the Moment-Sidewall Column Tab.

All yellow filled cells are required input.

There are two pull down Tabs, one used to select whether you want an LRFD or an
ASD Design and the second to choose the size of the column for the design.

The CLEAR buttons can be used to clear all of the input cells in the group. There is
one button for connection input and one for the loading input. This CLEAR button does
not clear the project information, i.e., project name, number or engineer.

COLUMN DATA:
The ASTM designation for the column being used must be specified. Column data is
automatically obtained from a file of the AISC W-Shapes after using the drop down tab,
or by typing in the column size.

JOIST GIRDER TOP CHORD WELD:


The user of the SPREADSHEET has the option to increase or decrease the length of
weld (Ltcr) used in the SPREADSHEET. An INPUT value of zero should be entered in
Cell J19 if the user accepts the SPREADSHEET calculated value.

JOIST GIRDER DATA:


For preliminary design, if the Joist Girder properties are not known, the chord sizes can
be estimated as described in Chapter 2 of the SJI Technical Digest 11. If you have
conducted your analysis using the SJI Virtual Joist Girder Tables, you can also obtain
the Joist Girder weight from your analysis.

JOIST GIRDER & COLUMN DESIGN LOAD DATA:


Fill in the values indicated in the Table. Values must be consistent with the type of
design you have selected, i.e. LRFD or ASD. Up to six load cases are permitted per
design. The column axial load is the total axial load on the column and must include the
reaction(s) of the Joist Girder(s).

REMARKS INDICATED ON THE INPUT DATA:


(1) Includes Joist Girder end reactions:
The Column Axial Load, Pu (LRFD) or Pa (ASD), is to include the end reaction(s) of the
Joist Girder(s).

26
DESIGN REVIEW:
Examine the SUMMARY RESULTS for MOMENT CONNECTION to determine if the
design criteria are satisfied, or if undo conservatism exists relative to any of the input
data. The DETAILED RESULTS for MOMENT CONNECTION provides minimum
design criteria, the nominal strength, and the Design Strength (LRFD) or the Allowable
Strength (ASD) for the input data. These values can be studied to determine input
refinements. You can then make any necessary input changes.

PRELIMINARY SIZING EXAMPLE:


For a 48G8N18F Joist Girder spanning 40 ft., with an end moment of 500 kip-ft. and an
end reaction of 100 kips estimate the chord size.

Assume a stabilizer width (W st) of 6 in. , Pchord = (12)(500)/(48-3) = 133 kips


From TD 11 Table 2-1 (LRFD), Fy = 50 ksi, = 0.90).

Unbraced Length Area


Angle Size
L = 5 ft. in.2
2L 4 x 4 x 3/4 406 10.9
2L 4 x 4 x 5/8 345 9.21
2L 4 x 4 x 1/2 281 7.49
2L 4 x 4 x 7/16 249 6.61
2L 4 x 4 x 3/8 211 5.71
2L 4 x 4 x 5/16 143 4.80
2L 4 x 4 x 1/4 92 3.87
2L 3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 1/2 231 6.53
2L 3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 7/16 205 5.77
2L 3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 3/8 178 5.50
2L 3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 139 4.21
2L 3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 1/4 92 3.41

The table yields a chord angle size of 3 ½ x 3 ½ x 5/16.


Estimate the Joist Girder weight: From the SJI Catalog 47 plf.

27
From the chord size, the Joist Girder weight = (2.5)(3.4)(4.21) = 36 plf
So conservatively assume the Joist Girder weight = 47 plf

Preliminary Stabilizer Plate size: t st = 3/4 in. for a 1 in. gap between chords
W st = (133)/[(0.75)(0.9)(36)] ≥ [3.5+(2)(9/16)]
= 5.47 ≥ 4.63, Use a 6 in. plate

28

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