LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.

Class
Swahili-English
dictionary
BY

A. C. MADAN, M.A.
STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD

UNIVERS17

OXFORD *
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
1903

/
 ,

H); '

HENRY FROWDE, M.A.

PUBLISHER TO THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD
LONDON, EDINBURGH
NEW YORK
 PREFACE
This Dictionary is an attempt to bring together in a con-

venient form materials for the study of the language most

widely known throughout East and Central Africa, and to

combine them in the light of a long, though in various ways

limited, experience.

It would be more accurately described as an annotated

vocabulary of the dialect of Swahili commonly spoken in

Zanzibar city. It cannot lay claim to the formal completeness,

especially in the treatment of verbs, which attaches to the idea
of a dictionary, and it deals with a dialect which in respect
of a large number of words is distinguished by the Swahilis
themselves from the Swahili dialect of the coast. It is based
on the lists of words, singularly accurate and relatively com-
plete in themselves, furnished by Bishop Steere's Handbook
of Swahili and scattered throughout his collections and trans-
lations, and on Krapf's Dictionary of Swahili works issued —
more than twenty years ago. Later sources have also been
drawn upon, especially Pere Sacleux's Dictionnaire fratigais-
swahili, 1891, and the ever-increasing volume of Swahili litera-
ture (chiefly dotuments, letters, stories and poetry) due to the
industry and scientific enthusiasm of German colonists and
scholars. No work, however, at present exists (1903) which
attempts the same object as the present. ,It was beyond the
scope of Bishop Steere's plan to supply more than full lists of
useful words. As to Krapf s monumental work, it may be
enough to express a hope that it will never be re-edited. It

remains indispensable to every student of Swahili, and has the

1 a 2
IV PREFACE
permanent value and charm of genuine philological pioneer
work by an honest and able researcher. It deals almost entirely
with the dialect of Swahili used at Mombasa, and revision might
make it more practically useful by the removal of inaccuracies
and repetitions, and by modifying the spelling and arrange-
ment, but such treatment would be analogous to re-writing
Schliemann's Troy or Livingstone's Journals. The many first-

hand explanations and examples are too precious, however, to be

left unused, and it is especially on these that the present Editor

has ventured freely to draw.

As to the use made of these and other materials, this

Dictionary makes no claim to be encyclopaedic, or to include

more than the commoner technical terms of arts, crafts and
commerce, or to represent fully the flora or fauna of Zanzibar.
Like other dictionaries, it presupposes an elementary acquaint-
ance with the grammar of the dialect dealt with, in this case
a very simple one. But (apart from imperfections due to
ignorance or oversight) it will probably be found to provide
sufficiently for the ordinary wants of officials, missionaries,
travellers, teachers and translators, especially when used in

connexion with the English- Swahili Dictionary (also published

by the Oxford University Press, second edition, 1901) by the
same Editor.
Reasons for attempting to provide a Dictionary of this kind
may be briefly stated. The common language of Zanzibar
has hitherto been the best known and most widely useful
form of Swahili. And Swahili is still by far the most im-
portant member of the Bantu family of language, i. e. of the
solid block of dialects, closely related among themselves and
clearly differentiated from all others, which are spoken through-
out about a third of the African continent, i. e. over nearly the
whole of it from Nigeria and the Soudan on the north to the

Hottentot region on the extreme south. Hence Swahili has

been ranked not unreasonably among the twelve most important
 PREFACE v

languages of the modern world, and the position of Zanzibar as

till lately the undisputed commercial capital and chief political
power of Eastern and Central Africa has determined the form
of Swahili still most useful as the key to that entire region.
It is not necessary to enlarge on its characteristics, but one
special feature of it may be more fully referred to here.

The term Swahili represents, ethnologically as well as lin-

guistically, the mixture of African and Arab elements on the

East Coast of Africa. The proportions of the mixture in the
race and the language vary indefinably, but its main character-
istic is constant, viz. that the language remains always African,
— and by African in this connexion is meant Banln — in all its

leading grammatical and phonetic features, however largely

Arabic, and in a small degree other foreign elements figure in
its vocabulary. How largely they figure appears in this book.
The Editor is not well acquainted with Arabic, Hindustani, or
indeed other dialects of Bantu, but he has made an attempt to
discriminate between the Bantu and foreign element throughout.
All words believed to be of non-Bantu origin are marked with
an asterisk (*). Such words are mostly Arabic, or introduced
through Arabic channels, and an Arabic scholar could no doubt
add considerably to the number. As it is, a glance will show
the numerical importance of the foreign element. A close study
is needed to realize its full significance, to detect it (often

strangely disguised) in all stages of phonetic and even gram-

matical assimilation, and to recognize its subtle power of permea-
tion, even to the absolute displacement of some of the commonest
Bantu words, and almost a monopoly of the connectives of words
and sentences except in the simplest relations, and to unfold its
historical significance as a record of successive invasions of Arab
influence, warlike and peaceful, to which the East coast has
been for centuries subjected. Here two or three results may
be noted briefly. The Arabic element is so large and pene-
trating as seriously to diminish the value of the Swahili dialect
vi PREFACE
for the purposes of comparison with other dialects of Bantu,
simply from the displacement of Bantu roots elsewhere general.
On the other hand, the very opportunity and power of assimila-
tion is and has proved to be a most valuable one. It enables
the African to draw on the rich resources of the Arabic vocabu-
lary for the expression or better expression of new ideas, while

providing an easy, and as it were, natural channel for the ger-

minant seeds of culture, taste, and enlightenment of all kinds,
wherever Swahili penetrates throughout the continent. There
is a third consideration of practical importance. Bantu, and
especially Swahili, is easy to pronounce and even to represent

in writing with the ordinary alphabet, and the tendency of

Swahili is to make Arabic also easy to pronounce and even (in

a degree) to spell.

As to the always difficult subject of spelling and transcription

of a language only lately reduced to writing, the present Editor

is content to adopt generally the remarks made by Bishop Steere
(in his Handbook, at the end of the Introduction and in the

chapter on the alphabet), corroborated as they are in principle

by Professor Max Miiller in his little-known Introduction to

the Outline Dictionary for Students of Language by John

Bellows (now long Out of print). He would also avow his own
tendency to Bantize rather than Arabize, i. e. to simplify rather

than refine upon Arabic sounds uncongenial to the African,

so far as their representation in writing is concerned. There
seems no ground for deliberately contributing to their perpetua-

tion. The principle just referred to is, that it is a practical

necessity in the transcription of languages to indicate sounds,
not depict them, and that for this purpose the ordinary English
alphabet should be used with as few modifications as possible.
Happily in Swahili there are no sounds commonly heard which
are not sufficiently indicated by Roman characters. The only
real difficulty is one inherent in all phonetic transliteration,

viz. actual or supposed differences in the pronunciation of the

 PREFACE vn

same word, whether locally or by individuals, and consequent

impossibility of a spelling both accurate and uniform. Such
differences are partly natural and universal, few individuals
pronouncing the same word in exactly the same way. In
Swahili they are aggravated by the disturbing effect of Arabic,
leading to strange but common transpositions of vowels and
inversions of consonants in the effort of the African to imitate
or assimilate its difficult characteristic sounds, and also by
varying dialectic tendencies among the Africans themselves.
English achieves uniformity of spelling by resigning all pretence
to phonetic accuracy. In Swahili phonetic exactness at present
would make uniform spelling impossible. Hence in this

Dictionary, words will be found given in various forms, repre-

senting the word as heard by different and differently qualified

transcribers. The consequence may be sometimes baffling, but

seems unavoidable.
Only students need attend to the brief notes appended in

brackets to many of the articles. They are mainly meant to

supply hints for further study, by bringing together under each
word, others which seem to throw light upon it as to origin or
meaning — especially cognate words from the same root, words
worth noting from similarity of form, synonyms in the wide sense
of similar in general or in a special meaning, also words
by contrast and opposed meaning. There are but
illustrative

few notes on life and customs, &c, in Zanzibar. The fact appears
to be that under the outward forms of a purely Mohammedan
regime, only modified on the surface as yet by European
civilization, and slightly disturbed in its depths by the leaven of
Christianity, there exists a medley of tribal customs and
superstitions, as varied and varying as.J:he population itself,

which do not admit of disentanglement on the spot, and could

only be profitably studied in the places from which they are
derived.
For Arabic words Steingass' Dictionary has been chiefly
Vlll PREFACE
relied on, and Palmer's and Tien's Grammars. As to the mani-
fold imperfections of this book, competent critics may be trusted
to recognize and perhaps to allow for them. Every one who
has experience of Zanzibar will find words which seem wrongly
inserted or omitted. The prefaces of Johnson and Murray
catalogue the difficulties which beset more or less the making
of even a small dictionary of any language. The lexicographer
is no doubt rightly defined as a drudge, but perhaps doubtfully

as ' The present Editor knows the Swahili

a harmless drudge/
of Zanzibar well enough to know that he does not know it well.
But his work may (it is hoped) help others to know it as well
and better.
A. C. MADAN.
Oxford, July, 1903.
 :

INTRODUCTION
TO THE USE OF THIS DICTIONARY

To find words and ascertain their meanings in a dictionary

too limited in size to allow a full enumeration of either, attention

is needed to the following directions.

i. To find words.
All Swahili verbs, many nouns and adjectives, and some
particles vary at the beginning, and commonly be found
will not
under the letter (sound) which comes first. As a rule, verbs
and adjectives are to be looked for under the first letter of the
root, and nouns under the form of the singular number. The
variable formative elements, as distinct from the radical, are
called in this Dictionary prefixes (pfx.), and for convenience
prefix is often arbitrarily used to include infix, and affix or

suffix. Prefixes are usually agglutinative elements, but some

have a limited use as independent words. A glance at the

Tabular Conspectus of the noun and verb which follows the

Introduction will be practically sufficient, with a knowledge of
the elements of the simple Swahili Grammar, to enable the root

to be distinguished. Thus
(a) A Noun beginning with wa-, mi-, vj-, ny-, ma-, which
are common plural prefixes, may be looked for under the
corresponding singular form.
Obs. The declension of each noun (which colours gram-
matically the whole of a Swahili sentence) is as a rule shown by
x INTRODUCTION
placing immediately after it the plural prefix in brackets. This
method sufficiently distinguishes declensions i to 5. Declen-
sion 6 does not change in the plural, and is shown by the
absence of a prefix following, or by ( — ). Nouns of declension 8
should be looked for under the letter following ku, i. e. the verb
from which they are in almost all cases formed. The declen-
sions are commonly referred to as D 1 (S), i.e. First Declension
Singular Number, D 1 (P), i.e. First Declension Plural Number,
D 2 (S), D 2 (P), and so on.

(b) An adjective beginning with any one of the common

adjectival prefixes (see Conspectus II (c)) may be looked for
under the letter (sound) following it. Variable adjectives are
written with a (-) before the root, e.g. -ema, and the more
important variations of forms corresponding to different declen-
sions are appended to each.

(c) Conspectus I both illustrates the difficulty of finding the

root of a Swahili verb and also supplies a key. Combinations

of any of the six classes of prefix, which may precede a root,
must be recognized and removed, and then the letter following

will be the first letter of the root.

2. To ascertain meanings.
Nouns and verb-stems are so readily developed from a
root in Swahili, by a regular and almost mechanical process,
i. by the use of certain prefixes, that it is impossible to give
e.

more than a selection from them. Their meaning may, how-

ever, be gathered as a rule from the known meaning of the
prefix, and the root when recognized will usually be found
independently or in some cognate word. The rarer the com-
bination, the more certain the meaning to be simply the normal
meanings of root and prefix combined.
(a) The commonest formative noun-prefixes are M- (Mw-),
Ki~ (C/i-), U- (W-), at the beginning of a word, often with a
variable but significant ending, -0, -Ji, or -zt. The characteristic
 INTRODUCTION xi

force of each of these elements may be gathered from the

notes on them in their places in this Dictionary.

(5) The Swahili verb-root is capable of such a rich and

varied development in the form of additional verb-stems, each
with its complement of conjugations, moods, tenses, &c, that

only a few have been fully treated in this Dictionary, hardly any
completely. Shades of meaning are so numerous and their

differences so delicate, that appropriate renderings in English

suited to each particular case have to be left very largely to the
student's appreciation of each form separately. Only examples
and suggestions can be given within reasonable limits of space.
But the following considerations may enable him better to infer
for himself the meaning of verb-forms not stated under the verb
itself. And if he is still inclined to complain of vagueness and
inadequacy in their interpretation, it may be remembered that
language unwritten (like Swahili) is the speech of a living
person, and so carries its own simultaneous commentary of
look, gesture, and tone, as well as sound —appealing thus to
four senses in sympathetic and intelligent relation to the speaker,
and not only to the eye interpreting a written character. The
full meaning of any written statement has at best often to be
guessed, and a Swahili, if he writes, writes as he speaks, assuming
a hearer and not a reader.
Subject only to the limitations imposed by common sense
(i. e. by the meaning of the root and common usage, all
itself)

Swahili verbs may exhibit, beside (i) a simple or primary form

(Pr.), seven derived forms, here called — (2) Applied (Ap.), (3)
Causal (Cs.), (4) Reciprocal (Rp.), (5) Reversive (Rv.), (6)
Stative (St.), (7) Reflexive (Rf.), and (8) Reduplicated (Rd.)—
each (under the above limitations) with Active, Passive, and
Neuter Voices, and Positive and Negative Conjugations, and
each of them with its complement of Moods, Tenses, as well as

derived nouns and adjectives, beside an indefinite number

xii INTRODUCTION
of other forms or stems formed by combinations of those just
enumerated.
The characteristics by which each main form may be recog-
nized, and the chief meanings of each, from which choice must
be made, are briefly as follows :

i. Primary (Pr.), in which the root is followed by a, the

simplest form of the verb and conveying its simplest meaning,
but generally capable of both transitive and intransitive con-
struction. (Obs. verbs of non-Bantu origin may end also
in -u, and -i.)

(a) The Passive Voice in this {and in all the verb-formsfollow-

ing)'^ distinguished by w before the final vowel, and (fr) the Neuter
by k (ik, ek). The Neuter has three common uses, indicating
(i) the same as the passive, but with less definite reference to
any agent or instrument, (2) what is usual, (3) what is practic-
able, e.g. njia hii yaendeka may mean (1) this road is as a
fact passed over, (2) this road is a regular thoroughfare, (3)
this road is passable, open, safe. Obs. meaning (3) is also
regularly indicated by -kana, for ka, e. g. yaendekana, i. e. a
combination of the Neuter and Reciprocal forms (see below, 4).

2. Applied (Ap.), in which i or e is inserted between the

root and final a, and choice has to be made among all the
meanings usually expressed in English by a preposition following
a verb, e. g. from, to, at, by, with, in, out of, for, against, about,
&c. Only the sympathetic interpretation referred to above
can determine the choice rightly in many cases. Obs. the
Passive of the Ap. form is often used as the Passive of the Pr.
form.

3. Causal which z (sh, s, and sometimes y) is

(Cs.), in
inserted between the root and final a. The meaning conveyed '

is (1) Causal, (2) Intensive or Emphatic. But the Causal

sense includes at least six varieties of causation, needing often
delicate discrimination and totally different translation, according
 INTRODUCTION xiii

as it is (i) simple, a causing to do (or be), (2) compulsive,

forcing to do, (3) permissive, allowing to do, (4) suasive, inducing

to do, (5) passive, not interfering with doing, (6) consequential,
resulting in (tending to) doing.

4. Reciprocal (Rp.), in which an is inserted before the final

a. Here again the form expresses several distinct aspects of

common action, e.g. (1) reciprocal, e.g. pigana, 'give and

return blows' — action and Teaction, (2) connected action, e.g.
tokana na, '
come out of,' fuatana na, * follow/ (3) combined
(mutual, joint) action, e.g. endana, '
all go together,' liana, 'cry

together/ (4) interaction, of what affects all parts or different

parts of the same single object, e. g. shikana, '
hold together, be
compact (firm)/ kazana, '
be tight, be pressed together/ (5) in
connexion with the Neuter sign ka (see above), -kana indicates
commonly w hat r
is practicable, possible, probable, &c, e. g. one-

kana, 'be visible, be within the range of vision, come into

sight/

5. Reflexive (Rf.), in which the syllable ji is prefixed to the

root itself. The many shades of meaning thus conveyed may
be gathered from the article onj'i in the Dictionary.

6. Reduplicated (Rd.), in which a verb-stem is repeated twice

and used as a single stem to indicate emphasis, frequency, or
continuance, e.g. piga piga, 'beat soundly/ or '
keep on beating/

7. Reversive (Rv.), in which u (sometimes 0) is inserted

between the root and final a, indicating the reverse of the simple
Pr. form, but also (when the general result is identical) sometimes
the same. Cf. pinda and pindua, kama and kamua, zima and
zimua.

8. Stative (St.), in which am is inserted before the final a,

indicating a relatively fixed state or permanent condition. It

occurs also combined with a?i, i. e. -aman, in verbs like shika-

mana, andamana. See under -mana in its place.

 XVI

II. CONSPECTUS OF

Illustrating the usual Prefixeswhich distinguish the various Declens;ons

and Adjectival Prefixes and Pronoun
and Numbers, and also the chief Verbal
distinction of Gender in Swahili
Forms corresponding to each. There is no
Nouns.

Declen- Noun- Adjectival Pronoun. Verbal Prefix.

Root. Prefix.
sion. Prefix.
(d)
(a) 0) (0 ist. 2nd. 3rd.
Sing. Subj. a
Sing, m (^) tu m, mw huyu, yule ni, u,
ku, m
_
wa, w hawa, wao Obj. ni,
Plur. wa {thing)
Plur. Subj. tu, m, wa
Obj. tu, wa, wa
huyu, this, (e) ampenda, he loves him.
e.g. (a, b) J.*, person, (c) mwema, good, (d)

m mw huu, ule 5*w^. S«W. u w

Sing, m (eg.) ti
mi,
,

m
I

hii, He
I

Obj. f
1

Plur. mi (tree)
Plur. Subj. 1
0*7. i '
y
I I

(0 mdogo, small, (d)

huu, <Uk, («) waafca, 0/rM.
^. (a, b) mti, **,

ki, ch hiki, kile I Sing. Subj. \ k; ch

SVVz^. ki (e.g.)tn Obj.S
3. vi, vy hivi, vile
.P/#r. vi (thing)
Plur. Subj. \

e.g. (a, b) ki'tu, thing,

(c) kizuri, pretty, (d)
hiki, this, (e) chapendeza,
Obj\
V1
Ibi. I
J

«^
Sing, u, w (eg.) imbo m, mw huu, ule Sing. Subj. )
Obi.S
w
n (with hizi, zile
jP/wr. ny Oswzf) Plur. Subj. l
euphonic '

Obj.
variants)
wachuk.za, it disgusts
mbaya, bad, (d) huu, this, (e)
e.g. (a, b) uimbo, song, (c)
 XV11

(ZANZIBAR) SWAHILI NOUN

i, is the usual Declension of living beings, 2, of plants. Diminutives belong

to 3, Amplificatives to 5, Abstracts mostly to 4, Foreign words to 6, and in

some cases 5, 7 is Local only, and 8, Verbal. The (so-called) Possessive

Adjectives and a few others follow the Pronominal Prefixes.

Declen-
sion.
 —

ABBREVIATIONS
Easily recognized abbreviations are used for the common grammatical
—
names of parts of speech and their varieties conjugations, moods, tenses, &c.
The eight Declensions given in Conspectus II are distinguished as
D i (S), i. e. First Declension Singular Number, D i (P), i. e. First
Declension Plural Number, D 2 (S), D2 (P), D 3 (S), and so on.
The eight principal forms of verb-stem are distinguished as Pr. Primary
or Simple, Ap. Applied, Cs. Causal, Pp. Reciprocal, St. Stative, Rv.
Reversive, Rf. Reflexive, Rd. Reduplicated. Ps. denotes Passive, Act.
Active, Nt. Neuter, Pos. Positive, Neg. Negative.
Pfx. Prefix, includes (for convenience) infix, suffix, and affix —the same
formative element being often medial or final as well as initial.
Kr. Krapf, Sac. Sacleux, Str. Steere, the principal authorities relied upon
throughout, are only cited in connexion with particular words or statements.
The chief languages referred to are : B. Bantu, Ar. ox Arab. Arabic, Swa.
Swahili, Z. Zanzibar, Hind. Hindustani, Pers. Persian, Pr. French, Eng.
English, Germ. German, Port. Portuguese. Obs. Arab., and not Ar.,
denotes Arabic words but little used or assimilated in the common talk
of Zanzibar.
The following may also be noted :

a.= adjective,
adv. = adverb,
amplif. = amplificative, denoting large (relative) size.
conj. = conjunction,
conjug. = conjugation,
cf. = compare,

conn. = connect, connected,

contr. = contrast, contrary in meaning,
dim. = diminutive, denoting small (relative) size,
dist. = distinguish, distinct in meaning,

esp. = especially.
fig. = figurative, in a figurative sense,

follg. = a word or article immediately following.

int. = interjection,

intens. = intensive, with intensive force, emphatic.

lit. = literally, in a literal sense.
 ABBREVIATIONS xix

n. — noun,
obs. = observe.
opp. = opposed to, of opposite meaning,
perh. = perhaps.
prec. = a word or article immediately preceding,
prep. = preposition,
pron. = pronoun,
pronom. = pronominal or possessive — of adjectives, &c.
syn. = synonymous, in a wide sense, illustrative of the general, or of
a special, meaning of a word,
usu. = usual, usually.
 :

A SWAHILI-ENGLISH.
DICTIONARY
(Words marked * appear not to be of Bantu origin.)

A. rising intonation, and stress on the

Arepresents generally the broad
last, yes, just so, exactly, I under-
'

stand,' i. e. assent, affirmation.

sound of a in 'father.' It also in-
cludes (chiefly in non-accented sylla- (c) Aa-a —
or A-a-a the sounds dis-
tinct, with falling intonation, and
bles) the lighter sound of a in 'man.'
And there is a modification of it stress on the first, 'no, oh no, not
'by no means,' i. e. dissent and
so,
which is noted under certain words
negation.
of Arabic origin, being heard and
written sometimes as e. See Elfu, (2) As a preposition, but only oc-
casionally as a slurred or shortened
Hewa, and E.
form of the full prepositional wa,
A the commonest vowel sound
is far
ya, &c, after a vowel preceding.
in Swahili, and with the consonants k
(See below.)
and m
gives a distinct phonetic colour
to the spoken language as a whole. (3) Not (like the other personal
Though comparatively rare as an prefixes, ni, u, tu, 3
m
wa) as a verb-
form (he, she) is,' its place being
'
initial sound of Bantu roots, it is
taken sometimes by yu, otherwise by
the regular terminal sound of most
the general verb-form ni, e.g. mfalme
Swahili verb-forms, appears in many
of the formative prefixes of the verb,
yu (or ni) mwema, the king is good.
in the plural prefixes of two declen-
A
in verb-formation is :

sions, and in most of the common (1) The Pers. Pfx. of 3 Sing, in all

conjunctions and prepositions.

Tenses, agreeing with 1 (S), e. g. a- D
tapenda, he will love.
Aa is used to represent a long a
sound, which usually indicates (i) (2) The Tense Pfx. of Pres. Indef.,
e.g. ivapenda (11-a-penda), you love,
in the case of Bantu words, a really
and (coalescing or dispensing with the
double syllable with an / or r sound
Pers. Pfx. wholly or in part) napenda
slurred or elided between the a's (2) ;
(ni-a-penda), I love, apenda (a-a-
in the case of Arabic words, the Bantu
p&nda), he loves.
effort to express the sounds of Alif,
Ain, or combinations' of them. (3) Part of one form of the Past
Tense Pfx. ali (otherwise li only),
e.g. nalipenda (ii-a/i-penda, other-
wise ni-li-penda), I loved.
A as a simple N. A in Prefixes, (1) when followed
uncombined sound
is used by e, disappears regularly in ka, ma,
(1) As an interjection, whose wa, pa, sometimes in a, na, ta* never
meaning depends on the mode of in the Neg. Pfx. ha, e. g. ake.nda (a-
utterance and intonation. Thus ka-enda), and ^ie went, peupe {pa-
:

(a) AI or Ah! or Ahh! expresses cupe), a. white place; (2) when

simply wonder, pleasure, pain, grief, followed by i, coalesces with it to
&c. form e, e.g. aketa (a-ka-ita), and
(b) A-aa or A-haa (also A-hee and he called, wezi (wa-izi), thieves,
E-hee) — the sounds distinct, with mengi (ma-ingi), many.
B
 :

-A ACHA
-a the invariable element, which
is *Abedari, n. ( or ma-) and — ,

combined with a prefix forms the
various prepositions wa, ya, za, cha,
la, pa, kwa, ??iwa. In meaning these
all correspond generally to the English
'of,' and (with the noun following)
to the Genitive Case in the classical
languages, and include all such adjec-
tival relations as ' belonging to, pro-
ceeding from, consisting of, of the
class or kind of, relating to, qualified
by,' &c.
Each of
the above forms will be
found in the Dictionary, but here it
may be noted that
(i) With a noun following, they
supply the lack of adjectives, and,
with an adverb preceding, the lack
Bedari, a large block or pulley used
in hoisting the main-yard of a native
sailing vessel. (? Ar. or Hind. Cf.
for pulley, kapi, go/ia.)
*Abiri, v. cross, cross over, pass
over, esp. of river or sea. A. kwa
(katika) chombo, cross in a vessel.
Ps. abir-iwa. Nt. -ika, -ikana. Mto
waabirika, the river can be crossed.
Ap. abir-ia, -iwa, -ika. Mtumbwi
wa kuabiria, a canoe to cross in.
Fetha ya kuabiria, fare for passage
across. Cs. abir-isha, -ishwa, -ishana,
send over, put across, ferry over.
(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. B. vtika,
kiuka, pita.)
*Abiria, n. ( —
and ma-), person
crossing (a river, sea, &c), passenger
,

of prepositions, in Swahili, e. g. nyic-

mba ya mawe, a stone house, sumu (in a boat, vessel, &c). (Ar. Cf.
ya kufisha, deadly poison, baada ya abiri.)
hay a, after these things, kando la mto, *Abudu, v. worship, adore, vene-
beside the river. rate, prop, of religious worship and
(2) Where the reference is general, service, both outward and inward.
or the noun easily supplied, they are A. Muungu (sanamu), worship
sometimes used without a noun pre- God (idols). A. sala, perform a
ceding, e.g. ya kwanza, in the first service of prayer. Ps. abudiwa, be
place, wa vita, warriors, cha kula, (in fact) worshipped. Nt. abudika,
food. And by a curious idiom the be an object (generally, or a proper
preposition is sometimes referred to object) of worship. Ap. abtid-ia,
the person concerned and not to the -izva, -ika, offer worship to, worship
thing qualified, e.g. alimpigawajicho, in (for, on account of, &c). Cs.
and he struck him a blow in the eye, abud-isha, -ishwa, cause to worship,
not (pigo) lajicho. convert. ( Ar. Cf. ibada, mwabudu,
(3) After some common nouns the maaludu and, of y
external worship,
preposition is often omitted, e. g. sujudu.)
binti Alt, the daughter of Ali, Acba, v. the main idea is, ceasing
mwana chuoni, the schoolboy, kina or breaking connexion with some-
off
bibi, ladies. And it is sometimes thing, and may be rendered in many
slurred, if not elided, after a preced- ways, with many shades of meaning,
ing, e. g. saa a tano, or saa tano (saa e. g. (1) ' leave, leave off, leave be-
ya tano), the fifth hour. hind, let go, let pass, let be, go
*Aali, a. superior, excellent, ex- (part, depart) from; (2) abandon,
alted. (Arab. Cf. taala and Ali. desert, neglect (3) acquit, release,
;

Aa here represents the combination pardon (4)

;
allow, permit, give
Alif, Ain, Alif.) leave (5) separate from, divorce.'
;

*Aasi, v. See Asi. (Ar.) Acha ! (imper.) Let go Give over ! !

*Abadan, adv. always, constantly, Hands off Sikuachi, I will not

!

ever. Mwanamke a. harithi, a let you go. Akamwacha akenda

woman is never contented. (Arab., zake, and he left him and went away.
for common siku zote, daima.) A. mlumwa hunt, let a slave go

ACHALI
free (set him at liberty). Colloquially,
a. is used somewhat as an expletive,
e. g. Acha (or, wache, for waache)
Wazungu watawale kwa nguvu,
alone Europeans for strong govern-
ment, i.e. trust them for it. Acha
mizinga Hie, just let the cannons
fire, i.e. the cannons did make a
noise. Ps. achwa. Many derivative
verb-stems are used, with their
characteristic meanings. Ap. ach-ia,
-iwa, -ika, -iana. Also -ilia, -iliwa,
-ilika, -iliana. Ktiachia mtoto mali,
to bequeath property to a child.
Ameachiwa, he has had money left
him. Kumwachilia makosa, to par-
don his offences. Tha7)ibi hii inaach-
ilika, this sin is venial. Watti
waachiliao nya?na, human beings
who are quite distinct from animals.
Cs. ach-isha (sometimes as/ia),
—
ADILI
to be observed as to a chief. (Ar.
Cf. syn. desturi, mi/a, and for presents
generally bakshishi.)
let *Adabu, n. good manners, proper
behaviour, politeness, courtesy,civility,
etiquette. A. yake Arabu nyingine
kiilikoWaswahili, Arab etiquette is
often different from Swahili. Huna
a., you do not know how to behave
(a very insulting expression). Tia
a.,teach good manners. Fanya a.,
behave well, show courtesy. Often
used, like many nouns in Swahili, as
an adjectival predicate. Mtu hnyu
a. saiia, this person behaves like
a gentleman. (Ar. Cf. adibu,
taadabu, and dist. athabu, punish-
ment, sometimes written adabu.)
*Adamu, n. Adam. Mwana wa
Ad., y?iwaiia Ad., bin Adamu, are
commonly used for member of human
'

-ishwa, -ishia, -ishika. Achisha race, human being, man.' (Ar.

mtoto (with or without maziwd), Cf. mtu, mlimwengii, mwana, and
wean a child. Ulimwachisha mkewe, wanada??iu, i. e. u-anad.)
you caused him to desert (divorce) *Adawa, n. enmity, hostility,
his wife. Rp. ach-ana, -ania, strife, quarrel. Cf. more
(Arab.
-anisha, leave each other, part, common wadui (u-adtii), and adui.)
diverge, be different, be inconsistent. *Aden, n. and Adan, Aden, also
Wameachana, they have taken leave Eden. Bustani ya Aden, Garden of
of each other. Ajia
T
zinaa., the paths Eden. (Ar.)
diverge. Maneno ya??iea., the state- *Adi, v. cause to pass, let pass on,
ments do not agree. Achana na, allow a guest to depart, esp. after —
part from. (Cf. saza, bakisha.) courteously accompanying him to
*Ach,ali, n. pickle, sauce, relish; the door, or a short distance on
jam, preserve. Usually of an acid mix- his journey. Wakatusindikiza hatta
ture, made of lemon juice, salt, pepper, mtoni tuakatuadi, they accompanied
&c, but also of sweet ones. (Hind.) us as far as the river, and took leave
*Ada, n. ( —
and ma-), (i) cus-
, of us. (Arab., —
the B. sindikiza
tom, habit, manner, and esp. (2) cus- being commonly used.)
tomary present, commission, fee, *Adibu, teach manners to, edu-
v.
as to a doctor, teacher, or workman cate. Ps. adibiwa. Nt. adibika.
on beginning or ending a job, or Mtoto yale haadibiki, that child will
at a wedding. Such gifts, whether never learn to behave. Ap. adibia,
in cash or kind, have various signifi- -iwa. Cs. adib-isha, -s/iwa, used —
cant names, e.g. ujilo, stick, kilemba, in same sense as the Pr. adibu, and
turban, kinyosha mgongo, back- more commonly. (Ar. Cf. adabu,
straightener, kifungua jnlango, door- taadabu, and contr. adabu, right ex-
opener, kipa mkono, handshaker, &c. ternal behaviour, with adili, right
A. ya biashara, custom of trade. moral conduct. Also B. lea, bring
Nipe a. yangu, give me my fee. up, educate.)
A. zilizompasiajumbe, customs proper *Adili, n. right, right conduct,
B 2
 •ADILIFU AGIZO
morals, morality. — a. right, Afu,
blossoms of the wild jas-
n.
righteous, just. Hukumu a., a right mine, jnwafu, growing in Z. and
judgement. Mfalme a., a just king. valued for the perfume. (Ci.yasmini.)
— v. behave rightly, act morally. *Afua, v. See Afu, v.
Cs. adil'iska, -is/iwa, teB.ch right con- *Afya, n. also Afia, good health,
duct to, give a moral training to. (Ar. sound condition, safety, preservation,
Cf. -adilifu, and contr. adibu, adabtt.) and also ' general condition, state of
*-adilifu, a. as adili, a. upright, health,' with qualifying adj. Sina a.,
honourable, respectable, moral. (Ar. I am
not in good health. A. njema
Cf. adili.) (mbaya), good (bad) health. Bora a.
*Adui, n. ( — , and ma-), enemy, (also borafyd), good health. (Ar.
foe, opponent. (Ar. Cf. adawa, Cf. afu, v. and kali, also B. syn.
wadtci, andsyn. B. mtesi,mskindani.) uzima.}
A-ee, int. also A-h.ee, E-h.ee, with Afya, v. cause to swear, put on
second syllable accented and on a oath. (Cs. from apa, \. = apis/ia.
higher note, expressing assent, affirma- See apa, and for interchange of p
tion, 'yes, just so, exactly.' (Cf. a as and/", see under F.)
int. and note.) Aga, v. (1) agree (with"), promise
*Afa, n. (ma-), person or thing (to), engage; (2) say good-bye (to),
causing fear, a terror, horror, bug- take leave (of), dismiss, let go.
bear, enemy. (Arab. Cf. hofu, Aga (agand) buriani, say a last fare-
mwafa, and B. kioja, kitisho.) well, take solemn final leave (of).
*Afathali, adv. better, rather, Fig. of sunset, jua linaaga viiti, the
preferably, as the best course, more sun is taking leave of the trees. Ps.
correctly. A. uenende, you had agwa. Wameagwa, they have been
better proceed. Hivi a., it is best told (received permission) to go.
so. (Ar. Ci.fathili, (u)tafathali.) Ap. ag-ia, ~iwa, -ilia, -iliana. Uli-
*Afla, n. See Afya. (Ar.) niagia kofia, you promised me a cap.
*Aflkana, v. See Aflki. (Ar.) Niagie babangu, say good-bye to my
*Afiki, v. agree with, correspond father for me. Maneno waliyoa-
to, be same as, fit. Tarihiya mwaka giliana yeye na rafiki zake, the terms
iliafiki hamslashara Desember, the which he and his friends agreed
date corresponded to Dec. 15. The upon. Cs. ag-iza, -iztva, usually
most used forms are the Rp. ajikana, Intens., charge, commission, order,
agree together, make an agreement appoint, give strict injunctions. Kua-
(contract, bargain), come to an under- giza ni kuweza ? Does ordering
standing, be reconciled, and Cs. mean it can be done ? Rp. ag-ana,
afikanisha, bring to terms, reconcile, -ania, -anika, -anisha, (1) make
pacify. (Ar. as if wafiki. Cf. a mutual agreement, come to terms,
maafikauo, mzvafaka, and syn. B. conclude a bargain (2) exchange ;

patana, lingana.) farewells, say good-bye to each other.

*Afiuni, n. opium. (Ar. Cf. syn. Cs. aganisha, bring to terms, recon-
•

kasumba?) cile. (Cf. agizo, agano, and syn.

*Afu, v. also Afua, save, de- wasia, ahidi.)
liver, preserve, cure, pardon, acquit. Agano, n. (ma-), (1) agreement,
Muungti amemwafu, God has pre- promise, contract, mutual under-
served him. — n. (ma-), preserva- standing (2) leave-taking, farewell.
;

tion, pardon. (Arab, not common (Usu. in plur. Cf. aga, and syn. ma-
and deriv. stems rare. Cf. afu, n. pat ano, i?iaafikano, ahadi, mkaiaba.)
and afya, also common B. syn. Agizo, n. (ma-), charge, injunc-
potty a, ofcoa.) tion, commission, order, appoint-
 .

AGUA AITHA
ment ; (2) commission for executing (Ar. Cf. ahiri, and syn. B. mzvisho,
orders, fee. (Cf. aga, agano.) kikomo, end, and kuzimzi, spirit
Agua, predict, foretell, pro-
v. world.)
phesy, divine, presage. Ps. agu- *Ahi, n. See Akhi.
iiwa. Nt. agtdika. Ap. agu-lia, *Ahiri, v. and Akhiri, stand over,
•liwa, -lika. Cs. agu-za, -zwa, be behindhand, be put off (deferred,
and Intens. Bao la kuagulia, adjourned), remain behind. Ps.
a divining board. (Cf. mwaguzi, ahiriwa (as Ap. -ahir-ia,
ahiri).
maaguzi, and for various kinds of -iwa, -ika. Cs. ahir-isha, -ishwa,
divination, bao, ramli,feli.) postpone, delay, adjourn, defer, cause
Agua, v. treat medically, supply to wait. Maneno hay a yanaahirika,
medicine, operate Killa au- (on). this business can be adjourned (taken
guaye, kumwagua, every one who afterwards). (Arab. Cf. ahera,
was sick he treated with medicine. and syn. usiri, B. ngoja.)
Atuague uganga wa vita, let him *Ahsante, and Ahasanta, Asdnt,
supply us with war-medicine. Chukua used as an expression of thanks and
ndimu aagulie mgongo wake, take a gratitude, thank you, you are very
'

lime, and let him apply it ..o his kind.' (Ar. = you have done well,'
'

back. (Derivs., &c. as prec. Cf. cf. hisani. Usually a kindness or

ugua.) gift is acknowledged, if at all, by
Ahaa, int. yes, just so (see A, as vema, or nge?na, it is well, good.)
interject, sound, and cf. A-ee, int. note) Aibu, n. (that which is a) dis-
*Ahadi,
promise,
n.
engagement,
( — ),
agreement.
also Wahadi, grace, shame, scandal, reproach ; in-
famy, dishonour, shame. —
v. (Pr.
Toa (ftmga, -pa) a., make a promise. not used). Ap. aib-ia, -iwa, -ika,
Vunja a., break a promise. Timiza be put to shame, be dishonoured,
{fikisha, shikd) a., keep (fulfil, &c.) be disgraced, &c. Cs. aib-isha,
a promise. Ahadi yetu, tupeleke -ishwa, disgrace, bring dishonour,
mzigo Tabora, our engagement is, &c. on. (Ar. Cf. syn. fetheha,
to convey a load to Tabora. (Ar. haya, and contr. heshima.)
Cf. ahidi.) *Aili, v. take on oneself, make
*Ahali,
kinsman.
n. (
Used
— ), relations, kindred,
comprehensively,
oneself responsible for, incur a debt.
A. dent, charge oneself with another
and often in contrast with near rela- person's debt. Ap. ail-ia, -iwa,
tives. Wazee na ndugu na a., -ika. Cs. ail-isha, -ishwa, put
parents,
brothers, and relations. Ndugu na a., responsibility on, declare guilty,
brothers and (other) kinsmen. Mtu hold culpable, condemn. a. —
katika a. zake, one of his relations. responsible, guilty. Huyu si a. ni
( Ar. Cf. akraba,jamaa, utani, ukoo.) yeye, this one is not responsible, it is
* Ahera, n. and Aknera, Aheri, that one. (Arab, not common. Cf.
(1) that which is last (or behind, syn. diriki.)
or beyond), the end, the last stage; *Aina, n. kind, class, sort, species.
(2) esp. the next world, future life, (Ar. Cf. syn. ginsi, namna, and follg.)
last day, grave (as end of present *Aini, v. specify, define, point out,
life). Toka awali hdtta aheri, from distinguish, show, classify. Ps.
first to last, from beginning to end. ainiwa. Nt. Sinika. Ap. ain-ia, ,

(Syn. B. toka mwanzo hatta mwisho.) -hva, -ika. Cs. ain-isha, -ishwa.
Huko ahera ni kuzuri, it is nice (Ar. Cf. aina.)
over yonder. Hatta Sultani ata- *Aitha, conj. further, moreover,
kwenda ahera (or, aherani), even a next, then. (Arab. Cf. kathalika,
king must die (will come to his end). thama, and common tena.)
 —
AJABU 6 AKILI
*Ajabu, v. also Taaj. and Staaj., work as a mason.' Aka nyumba,
wonder, be astonished, feel surprise. build a stone house (jenga being
Ap. ajab-ia, ~iwa, -ika, wonder at. commonly used of native construc-
Cs. ajab-isha, -ishwa, surprise, as- tion, i.e. with poles, sticks, and earth).
tonish, &c. — —and ma-),
n. ( , Ps. akwa. Ap. ak-ia, -iwa, -ika.
(i) wonder, amazement, admiration, vitu vya kuakia, mason's tools
astonishment (2) a marvel, surprise,
;
(materials, &c). Akisha (asha),
-a wonder, &c. Ona a., feel wonder. cause to build, have mason's work
— adv. wonderfully, extraordinarily. done, order to be built. (Cf.
Kubtva a., marvellously great. Often mwashi, uashi, and contr. jenga
used to strengthen mno, and sana. and tmda. In other dialects aka
t
Nyingi mno a., exceedingly many. means build,' without reference to
(Ar. Cf. shangaa v., toshewa v., and masonry.)
syn. mwnjiza, &c.) *Akali, n. and a., a few (of), some.
*Ajali, n. fate, doom, destiny, ap- A. ya vitu, vitu a., a few things.
pointed end, death. Leo imetimia (Arab. Cf. common haba, and B.
a. yako, to-day your hour is come. -chache.) —
also a verb-form,
Kasalimika ajali, to be finally de- 'and he is, he being' (a, Pfx. 3
livered up, to meet one's fate, to Pers. S., ka connective, li = is, being,
come to the appointed end. (Ar.) which see).
*Ajara, n. and Ijara, Ujira, hire, -ake, of pron. 3 Pers. S., his,
a.
wages. (Ar. Cf. ajiri, and ujira, hers, her, its, of him (her, it).
mshahara.) Additional emphasis and precision is
*Ajazi, v. be weak, be slack, given by adding yeye, mwenyewe, or
be remiss. (Arab. Cf. ajizi, and both, e. g. kiti chake, his chair, kiti
syn. B. legea, choka.) chake yeye, his chair, kiti chake
*Ajili, n. cause, reason, com- mwenyewe, his own chair, kiti chake
monly in the phrase kwa ajili ya, yeye 7?iwenyewe, his very own chair.
because of, on account of, for the The various prefixes, connecting -ake
sake of, by reason of. Also conj. with different classes of nouns are
and kzva ajili, because, in order to.
(Ar. and cf. syn. sababn, maana, hoja.) *Akhi, n. brother. (Arab, for
*Ajiri, v. hire, engage to work common B. ndugu.)
for wages. Ps. ajirhva. Nt. ajirika, *Akiba, n. store, reserve, stock,
-kana. Wanaajirika, men can be what is laid by for future use.
hired, they are procurable for wages. Weka a., put by, store up. (Ar.)
Ap. ajir-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. ajir- *Akida, n. (ma-), leader, com-
isha, -ishwa, cause to work for mander, esp. of soldiers, ak. wa
wages, get for hire. (Ar. Cf. asikari, captain. (Ar. with article
ajara, ujira, and syn. mshahara^) prefixed ?)
*Ajizi, n. weakness, slackness, *Akidi, v. suffice (for), be enough
remissness. (Arab. Cf. ajazi, and (for). Chakula hiki chaakidi watu
common B. legea, choka.) waliopo, this food is enough for those
*Ajjem, n. Also Uajj.,
Persia. present. (Arab, for common B.
Persia. Mivajj. (wa-), a Persian. tosha. Cf. kifii.)
Kiajj., the Persian language, in Per- *Akika, n. an Arab domestic
sian style. (Ar. ; the word meaning feast, e. g. on first hair-cutting of a
not Arab, barbarian, then Persian.) child. (Ar.)
Aka, v. sometimes also Waka, *Akiki, n. a red stone, red coral,
especially if a vowel precedes, ' build, cornelian. (Ar.)
construct with stones and mortar, *Akili, n. (1) intellect, intelligence,
 AKINA
consciousness, understanding, reason,
sense; (2) ability, cleverness, judge-
ment, discretion ; (3) a trick, ruse,
clever plan, happy thought ; (4) also
used of what is abstract and im-
material, ' pure thought.' Hana a.,
he is a fool (simpleton, madman).
A. zake chache, he is dull-witted.
deficient. A. nyingi, great intelli-
gence, plenty of sense. Fanya a.,
use the brains, exercise intelligence.
A. yako haikuongoka, your device
did not succeed. Katika a. yangu,
according to my view, so far as I
understand. Jambo la a. inpu, si
la kiwiliivili, something wholly im-
material, not of the body. Fnata
yako, follow your own judgement.
(Ar. Cf. busara, ufahamu, uta-
mbuzi, ujuzi, moyo, zvelekevu.)
Akina. See Kina.
-ako, a. of pron. 2 Pers. S., your,
yours, of you. (Cf. -ake for pre-
fixes, and use of wewe, mwenycwe,
for emphasis.)
*Akraba, n. kinsman, relation, con-
nexion, family. A. za kmimeni
(kukeni), relatives on the father's
(mother's) side. (Ar. Cf. ahali,
jamaa, utani, B. ukoo.)
*Akram, a. also il akram,
honoured, respected. (Ar. occurs
only in letters opening in the Arabic
style, with other a. Cf. dibaji.)
*A1 (and El), the Arab, article, is
not used independently, but is in-
corporated with various Arabic words
in common use among
Swahilis, e.g.
alhamisi, Thursday, assubnhi, morn-
ing, liwali, governor, and sometimes
as possessive, ras il mali, capital sum
of money.
—
*Ala, n. ( , ma-, and ny-), sheath,
scabbard, case of knife (sword, &c).
(Cf. syn. no.)
*Alafu, n. and a., thousand. See
Elfu. (Ar., plur. of Alf.)
*Alama, n. sign, mark, token,
trace, indication, vestige, signal. Tia give injunctions
a., put a mark on, mark. (Ar. Cf.
elimu, &c, and syn. ishara, dalili.)
ALIKA
*Alasiri, n. afternoon, and esp. of
one of the regular Mahommedan
hours of prayer, about 3.30 p.m.
(Ar. al asr. Cf. alfajiri, athiuiri,
&c, and note on Al.)
*Alfu, n. and a., thousand. See
Elfu. (Ar.)
* Alfajiri, n. dawn, daybreak, and
esp. of one of the Mahommedan
hours of prayer, about 4 a.m. (Ar.
alfajr. Cf. alasiri and note.)
*Alhamdu lillahi, a common
reply to a salute among some Swa-
hilis, praised be God.'
'
(Arab. Cf.
al, and himidi.)
* Alhamisi, n. Thursday. (Ar.
a. Al hams, i.e. the fifth' day of the
'
week, according to the old oriental
reckoning preserved by the Arabs,
which regards the Sabbath as the
last and Sunday as the first day of
the week, making Thursday thus the
fifth day. The name has been taken
over by the Swahilis, though jnma a
tano, also meaning the fifth day of
'
the week,' is also regularly used, and
this denotes the day before Alhamisi,
i.e. Wednesday, because the fifth day
from (but not including) Ijumaa,
Friday, the Mahommedan Sunday.
Ali, (1) a verb-form, he (she) is,
he (she) being (a, Pfx. of 3 Pers. S.
agreeing with D
1 (S), and li, which
see, and cf. relative forms, ali-ye, ali-o,
&c.) ;(2) a common name, Ali.' '
Ali-, sign of 3 Pers. S. of Past
Tense of the Affirm. Conjug., e.g.
alipenda (a-li-penda), he (she) loved.
-ali- ;also -li-), sign of Past Tense
of the Affirm. Conjug., following or
coalescing with Pers. Pfx., e. g. nali-
penda (ni-ali-penda) I loved, twali-
,
penda {tu-ali-pendd) we loved. ,
*Alia, v. make a mark on, e.g. by
a blow. Bakora imemwalia mtoto,
the stick has^made a mark on the
boy. (Ar.)
Alika, v. (1) invite, summon, call,
to, and in particular
of a doctor's orders, i.e. 'treat (a
patient) ' ; (2) make a short sharp
 ALIKI 8 AMBA
sound, click, snap, crack. Ps. state, e. g. simama, be standing,
alikwa, e.g. be treated medically. tuama, settle down, kingama, lie
Ap. alik-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. alik- across, and sometimes combined with
isha, alisha, -shwa. (i) A. mbele Rp. termination, -na, i.e. -?nana, e.g.
ya wali (kazini, kuche'za ngo?na), fungai7iana.
summon before the governor (to *Amali, n. (1) action, act, thing
work, to a dance). Humtvalika done; (2) practice, occupation, busi-
kwenda kwake kula, he used to in- ness. Mtu wa a., a man of action,
vite him to dinner. A. vita vikubwa, an energetic practical man. A.yake
summon (for) a great war. Mwa- kutega mitego, his business was trap-
likwa, an invited guest. (2) A. is ping. (Ar., plur. of ami. Cf. B.
used of the crackling of roasted grains tendo, mtendaji.)
of Indian corn (mbisi). Alisha vi- *Amana, n. pledge, deposit, thing
dole, crack the finger-joints. Alisha entrusted. Weka a., make a deposit,
mtambo wa bunduki, make the trigger pledge. (Ar. Cf. amini, amani,
of a gun click, cock the trigger. ? imani.)
*Aliki, v. hang, hang up, suspend. *Amani, n. peace, safety, security,
(Arab, for common B. tundika, tu- confidence, trust. Amani? Is it
ngika, angika.) peace? Is all quiet? — a common
*Allah, n. God, seldom used ex- inquiry on meeting in a journey.
cept (1) in Arab, formulas; (2) as a (Ar. Cf. amini.)
common expletive, with or without Amba, v. speak against, denounce,
other words. (1) La ilahi ilia slander, abuse. Ps. ambwa. Only
Allah, the first clause of the Mahom- the Pr. form in this sense. Ap.
medan creed, 'there is no God but ambia, -iwa, the common word for
—
God' sung as a monotonous chant '
say to, speak to.' See Ambia.
at funerals. Allah bilkheri, a com- Amba is used, but not commonly in
mon salutation, God prosper you.'
'
Z., (1) with Rel. Pfx. added, in the
Alhamdu billahi, a common rejoinder, sense of a simple Rel. Pron. ' who,
' praised
be God.' Allah dlam, God which', being followed by a finite
knows, i. e. I do not know. (2) verb, sometimes with a kwamba in-
Allah, expressing wonder, disgust, serted between, sometimes with the
&c. Allah allah, in letters, to call verb itself in the Relative form, e.g.
special attention, remember, be care- Vyakula ambavyo havimo katika
ful to note.' And cf. Inshallah, bis- tilimwengu, (such) food as does not
milla, ee walla, wallai. (Arab. exist in the world. Watoto ambao
Cf. Rabbi, Mola, and common B. kwamba wataka kwenda, children
Muungu.) who wish to go. Killa mtu na mzigo
*Almaria,n. embroidery. (?Hind.) wake ambao timtoshao, every man with
*Almasi, n. diamond. (Ar., used a load which is sufficient for him.
also as a proper name.) (2) as a conjunction = kama, that,
*Ama, conj. (1) either, or. Ama saying that, e. g. wakamsema amba
— ama, either— or. (2) (or not ?
is it amefanya mabaya, and they accused
and so), surely, moreover, however. him, saying that he committed crimes.
Wa ama, and further, yet. Ama Also in the Infinitive form kwamba,
sizo? Or is it not so? Do yoii not (saying) that, that is to say {ya
admit it ? (Ar. Cf. ao, and negat. kwamba, that, is also used), and
wala.) kwamba also means '
though.' See
if,

-ama, Stative termination of some Kwamba, (Cf. syn. lukana, suta,

verbs in Swahili, often denoting a sema, mwambi, and kama, conj. Amba
(relatively) permanent condition or is used for say, speak
' in poetical '
 a

AMBA 9 AMBUA
Swahili, and in other B. dialects. Cf. ing 'say to, report to, tell to, in-
jambo, i.e.ji-ambo.) form by word of mouth, speak to'
Amba, v. for Wamba, which see. — always with an objective prefix,
Ambaa, v. means passing near to, and the words of the communication
but without actual contact, and has expressed or implied. Not used for
various shades of meaning, according 'talk to, converse with.' Often fol-
as such contact is or is not desirable, lowed by kama, ya kuwa, ya kwa-
(i) pass by, pass along, pass with- mba, that, with Oblique or Direct
out touching (without affecting) ; (2) narration. Akamwambia, njoo ukale,
avoid contact with, escape, not to and he said to him, Come and eat.
salute (recognize, hurt, &c.) ; (3) Ps. ambiwa, e.g. asiyejua maana,
Ziaambiwi maana, he who does not
miss contact with, fail to see (salute,
recognize). A.pzvani{ox, napwani), know the meaning, will not be told
coast along,' hug the shore. A. na it. Ap. amb-ilia, -iliwa, -ilika.
maovu, escape evil. Maovit yaku- Mtu wa kua?nbilika, an affable,
ambae, may evil not touch you. Nali- courteous, meek person. Mtoto huyu
mwambaa, Iavoided seeing him (cut haambiliki, this child cannot bear
him), or, him. Leriva- being spoken to.
I failed to see Cs. amb-iana.
tives seem rare. Cs. ambaza, cause to Nyote a??ibianeni, all of you tell each
pass near. Ambaza chombo na pwani, other. (Strictly the Ap. form of
coast along the shore. (Cf. mwa- Amba, which see. Cf. sema,nena.)
mbao, and perh. for close juxtaposition Ambika, v. be brought into con-
and contact, ambo, ambiska, ambika, tact, hold together, be firm (tight,
wambiso, ambuka, ambata, &c.) coherent). (Cf. ambaa, and follg.)
*Ambari, n. ambergris, found at Ambisha, v. and Ambisa, cause
times off the east coast of Africa. to be in contact, bring (force) to-
(Ar.) gether, make cohere. Rp. ambz-
Ambata, v. be close to, come in shana, e. g. Intens. of things cohering
contact with, stick (to), adhere (to), or cemented together. (Cf. ambaa,
be attached (to), cling, clasp. Ps. and follg. Also wambiso.)
ambatwa. Nt. ambatika. A.inchi Ambo, n. {ma-), (1) any glutinous
{na inchi, katika inchi), come close substance, gum, glue, i. e. something
to (strike on, cohere with) the ground. which causes coherence. Ambo la
Mayayi yameambata kikangoni, the mkuytc wa kufungia nyaraka, gum
eggs have stuck to the frying-pan. made from the sycamore to fasten up
Jua linaambata katika inchi, the sun letters with. (Cf. ambaa, and
beats fiercely on the ground. Moto chambo, i. e. ki-ambo ?) (2) the cord-
uliniambata, the heat scorched me. ing of a native bedstead (also uam-
Fimbo zimemwambata, the blows of bo, wambo, which see, and cf. wainba).
the stick made him feel. Ap. Ambua, v. break contact, remove,
ambat-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. ambat- separate, take off (something adher-
isha, -ishwa. Rp. ambat-ana, -an- ing), often of removinghusk, peel, skin,
isha, &c. Mbau mbili hizi zimea- i. e. peel, husk, clean, flay. Ps. am-
mbatana, haziambuliki, these two buliwa. Nt. ambuka. Ngozi imeam-
boards have stuck together, they can- buka, the skin has peeled off, after an
not be pulled apart. (Cf. ambaa, illness, or cast "fey a snake. Ngozi y
ambua, amba, ambika, wamba, wa- simba ikaanikwa hatta ikaambtdiwa,
mbiso, and for the termination, fu- the skin of the lion was dried in the
mbata, kamata, vtcata, kumbatia. sun, and finally cleaned. Cs. ambu-
Also syn. nata.) kiza, -izwa, see follg. Ap. amb-
Ambia, v. Ap. of amba, but mean- ulia, 'Uliwa, -tdika. (Cf. ambaa,
 AMBTTKIZA 10 AMU
ambo, &c, and chambua, menya, faithful, honest, trustworthy, &c.
paa, &c.) Cf. -aminifu. (Ar. Cf. amana,
Ambukiza, v. (i) cause to be imam.)
peeled off (removed, cast), and so *-aminifu, a. same as Amini, a.
(2) 'give a disease to, infect, carry (Ar. Cf. uaminifu.)
contagion to, be contagious,' peeling *Amiri, n. (ma-), commander,
of the skin being an obvious effect of leader, officer, esp. of soldiers.
some diseases. (Cf. follg. and (Arab. Cf. amri, amuru, and syn.
ambaa, ambtia, &c.) akida.)
Ambukizo, n. (ma-), infection, that Am'ka, v. also Amuka, awake,
which causes infection. (Cf. prec.) rouse oneself, rise up from sleep,
*Amdelhan, n. a particular fabric regain life (consciousness, strength,
of fine silky texture. (? Hind, see &c). Ap. amk-ia, -hva, (1) wake
nguo.) up at (in, for, &c), (2) in particular,
*Amerikani, n. (ma-, wa-) and pay a morning visit to, make an early
a., (i) America, (2) American. Ma- call, visit formally, the customary —
fata Am., common petroleum for duty of dependents to patrons and
lamps, stoves, &c. Nguo Am., calico, superiors, and of children to parents,
esp. (3) stout, unbleached cotton (3) m
general, greet, accost, salute,
cloth or calico, as largely introduced address, pay respects to, also (4)
from America. fig. of the dawn, jumaa mosi kwa
*Ami, n. See Amu. (Ar.) tisiku kuamkia ju?naa pili, on Satur-
*Amili, v. manage, effect, bring day late in the night as it dawned on
about, work at. (Arab. Cf. amali, Sunday. Cs. am-sha, -shwa,
mwamale, and B.syn.tenda,fanyiza.) awaken, rouse up (from sleep, leth-
*Amin, and Amina, Be it so, argy* &c). Amsha kanwa, take
Amen. (Arab. Cf. amini, amani.) breakfast. Cf. chamsha kanwa.
*Amini, v. believe, have
trust, (Cf. 7ika, muka, v. rise up, &c,
faith (in), put confidence in. ami- Ps. in other dialects. Amkua, Ps.
nhva. Nt. aminika. A. Mziungu, amkuwa, is found in Swa. poetry =
believe God, trust God. A. kwa amkia, rouse, accost, visit. Cf.
Mttungu, believe in God, have faith maamkizi, and umka, also, for
towards God. Sultani akamwa- evening visit tuesha.)
mini sana, the Sultan had great con- *Amri, n. (1) a command, order,
fidence in him. Amini miu na kitu, rule, regulation, direction, (2) author-
entrust a person with a thing. Ap. ity, supreme power, rule, government,
amhi'ia, -iwa, -ika. Aminiwa, have law. Mwenyi a., ruler, chief, respon-
a thing entrusted to. Haaminiki, he sible head. A.ya Muungu, the will
is not deserving of confidence, he is of God, providence, chance. Sina a.
untrustworthy. Cs. amin-isha, -isk- nayo, I have no power (responsibility)
wa, -is/iia, &c, (1) cause to believe, in the matter, it is not my affair.
inspire faith (confidence, trust); (2) Toa a. issue an order. S/iika (fuata)
,

entrust to, commit to care of, entrust a., obey (execute, carry out) an order.
with. Aminisha miu mali, entrust a A. nyingi, strict discipline. (Ar.
man with money. (3) Intens., have Cf. amuru, amiri.)
trust (about), feel confidence. Hakti- *Amru, Amria, Amrisha, &c, v.
aminisha kwenda kulala, he did not See Amuru.
venture to go to sleep. —
n. fide- *Amu, n. also Ami, father's
lity, trustworthiness, honesty, in- brother, paternal uncle.(Arab.
tegrity, faithfulness. (Cf. uamini, Cf. B. baba mdogo, baba mkubwa, and
uaminifu.) — a. and -amini, dist. mjomba.)
 AMUA 11 ANDAMA
Amua, v. judge, be umpire, arbi- bination, perhaps underlies such uses
trate, settle dispute (between). Ps. as kaza?ia, be hard (tight, close),
amuliwa. Nt. atmdika. Ap. pindamana,fu7igamana, &c. (Cf.
amu-lia, -liwa, e.g. act as judge for, uses of Prep. na. -ana is also a
arbitrate between, and amuliwa, have widespread root in Bantu dialects.
a case settled, be judged (decided). Cf. Mwana.)
Cs. (rare) amusha, -s/iwa. (Cf. -anana, a. (anana with 5 (S) D
mwamuzi, maamtizi, and Ar. syn. and D 6 (S), anana or nyanana with
hukuf/iu.) D 6 (P) ), soft, thin, gentle (in action
*Amuru, v. also Amru (and so or effect). Upepo mwan., gentle
commonly the derivatives), order, breeze. Maji maan., quiet, still,
command, direct, exercise authority, slowly moving water. Nguo an., soft
be the supreme power. Ps. amu- clothes (fabric). (Not common,
riwa. Alimivamurukwenda upesi (or, restricted in meaning, of things rather
aende upesi), he ordered him to go than persons. Cf. syn. A. laini, B.
quickly. Ap. amr-ia, -iwa, give -ororo.)
orders about (for, at, &c). Ameamr- *Anasa, n. (1) pleasure, enjoy-
iwa kazi, he has had orders as to ment, luxury, convenience, often (2)
work. Cs. amr-isha, -ishwa, usu. in bad sense, over-luxuriousness, self-
intens., give strict orders, have orders indulgence, sensuality. Killa a. imo,
issued. (Ar. Cf. B. syn. agiza, it contains every luxury. Kaa a.,
from aga.) live in comfort (or, self-indulgently).
Ana, verb-form, he (she) has (a, (Ar. Cf. anisi, and syn. raha, fu-
Fix. of 3 Pers. S. agreeing with i D raha.)
(S),and na, which see). Andaa, v. (1) prepare, provide,
Ana-, at the beginning of verbs, is get ready, put in order, arrange (2) ;

the sign of 3 Pers. of the Present

S.- esp. of cooking, prepare food. Ap.
Definite, agreeing with D
1 (S), e.g. anda-lia, -liwa, -lika. Andalia
anakwenda (a-na-kwenda), he is vita, prepare for war. (Cf. maanda-
going. si, maandalio, and for the root
-ana, as a verbal termination, is perh. andika, andama.)
the sign of the Reciprocal Conjuga- Andama, v. follow, accompany, go
tion, which includes a wide and along with (or, after), follow up,
subtle variety of meanings noted come next to, succeed. Mwezi
under different words, e.g. (1) umeandama, the moon has followed
reciprocity of act or feeling, action on, i. e. the new month has begun.
and reaction, e. g. pendana, love each (Cf. mwezi mwanda?no.) Ap.
other, pigana, beat each other, fight. andam-ia, -iwa, -ika. Andaniia
(2) community, collective action, in- tembo, follow up (pursue) an ele-
teraction, e. g. liana, weep together, phant. Cs. andam-iza, -izwa,
as well as lizana, excite each other cause to follow, &c. Mvua hii
to weep, lana, eat together, (as well itattandamiza mwezi, this rain will
as) eat each other. Tokana na mtu, bring in the new moon, i. e. will last
part with a person. Tokana na till next month begins. Kp. an-
damn, lose blood. (3) practica- damana, follow one another, go all
bility, conditionality. This may be together, form«. procession. Anda-
noted esp. in the combination of -ana mana na, associate with, take the
with the Nt. Pfx. ka, e. g. tendekana, side of, be companion to. Siye mtu
be possible, be able (under conditions) wa ktiandamana naye, he is not a
to be done, patikana, be procurable, proper person to associate with.
be to be had. (4) coherence, com- (Cf. follg. and mwandani.)
 ANDAMANO 12 ANGAIKA
Andaman o, n. {ma-), a following in rows (piles, one on the other),
(of people), train, procession, retinue. make a row (pile) of plates. Cf.
(Cf. prec. and mwandamano.) panganya, (Cf. andiko, mwa-
Andamizi, n. (ma-),; following. ndiko, mwandiki, mwandikaji, mwa-
(See Mwandamizi, and cf. andama.) ndishi, uandishi, &c. Cf also andaa, .

-andamo, a. following, succeed- and derivs. and syn. in some senses

ing. Mwezi mwa., moon (month) tandika and tengeneza.)
following, new moon. (Cf. prec. and Andiko, n. (ma-), something
andama, mwandamo.) written, a writing, letter, book. Sio
Andao, n. and Mwandao, prepara- andiko lake, it is not his writing
tion, arrangement. A. la ??iaiti, (written by him). (Cf. andika,
preparation of corpse for burial, mwandiko.)
funeral arrangements. (Cf. anda, Anga,n.(i)light,brightness,lustre;
and mazishi.) (2) upper air, sky, bright expanse of
Andasi, n. usu. in plur. maandasi, the atmosphere (3) fig. enlighten-
;

confectionery, pastry, &c. (Cf. andaa, ment, illumination, inspiration. Nde-

maandasi.) ge za a., birds of the air. A. la
Andika, v. (i) set in order, lay j'ua, sunshine. Mwezi waleta a., the
out, set straight, give definite arrange- moon brings light. (Chiefly of
ment to; (2) write (i.e. make arr sun and moon. Otherwise mwanga
•
orderly arrangement of letters) (3) ;
and wangafu, which see. root A
register, enrol, make an on
entry, put ang- or nga seems traceable in
paper (4) (of a ship), steer, keep on many words relating to light, sight,
;

a course, set the course; (5) (andikia, and sky, cf. angaza, angalia, -angafu,
andika hum), register as free, give mwanga, mwango, mwangaza, maa-
freedom (to). A, meza, arrange ngazi, wangafu. Also cf. ng'aa,
(lay, set) a table, prepare a meal. ngariza, and possibly angaika, anga-
A. barua (waraka), write a letter. ma, angamia. Also anga, mwanga,
A. asikari (jeshi), enlist soldiers of witchcraft.)
(a force). A. chombo, keep a vessel Anga, v. use sorcery, bewitch,
on a course. A. tanga, arrange a perform incantations, &c. Watu wa
formal mourning. Ps. andikwa. Donge humwangia uehawiwao waka-
Limeandikwa (na Muungu), it is mua, the people of Donge practised
written (by God, and therefore finally their enchantments upon him, and
settled, destined).Liandikwalo hali- killed him. (Not often in Z.,
futiki, whatwritten cannot be
is where uganga, uehawi, and loga are
wiped out. Ap. andik-ia, -iwa, usual. Cf. mwanga, wanga.)
-ika, -iana, write for (to, at, &c). Angaa, v. See Ng'aa. (Cf. ang-
Tafathali uniandikie barua, please alia.)
write a letter for me. Andikia -angafu, a. (angafu with 5 (S), D
mtu?nwa, set a slave free. Andikiana, D 6), (1) bright, shining, luminous,
correspond (by letter). Cs. andik- radiant, polished, emitting (trans-
isha, -ishwa, -ishia, &c, e.g. cause mitting, reflecting) light; (2) enlight-
to write, dictate a letter to, inspire ened, intellectual, clever, quick-witted.
writing, have set in order, have a Maji maangafu, gleaming (glassy,
meal laid. Nali??iwandikishia cha- clear) water. (Cf. anga and
kula, I had a meal laid for him. derivs.)
Rp. andik-ana, -anya. Waliandik- Angaika,v.bein suspense (anxious,
ana wapagazi wote, they all entered as confused, distressed, excited, &c).
porters together (by common con- Cs. angaisjia, -shwa, make anxious,
sent). Andikanya sahani, set plates «&c. (Cf. angana, and perh.
 ANGALIA 13 ANGUKA
angaa, anga, and syn. fathaika, sn- -azika, e. g. kwani kuniangazia ma-
mbuka, taharuki.) cho ? Why look so intently at me ?
Angalia, v. (i) have the eyes open Cs. ang-azisha, ishwa. Rp. anga-
(to), pay attention (to), observe, zana. (Cs. of (angaa) vgaa,
notice; (2) be careful, beware (of), also Intens., cf. anga, angalia, ng'aa,
take care. Angalia! (Imperat.), 7/iwangaza, -angafu, &c. And cf.
see ! observe ! take care ! Haangalii, syn. common in Z., (1) kaza macho,
he does not attend (is careless, is kodoa, gaze, stare (2) mulika, give
;

unobservant). Ps. angaliwa. Nt. light (3) kesha, keep awake, and
;

%
angalika. Ap. anga-lilia, -liliwa, kaa macho.)
lilika. Cs. (seldom) angaliza,-izwa. Angika, v. hang up, hang, sus-
(Specialized from same root as anga, pend, esp. against a wall on a peg or
and its derivatives. Cf. -angaltfu, hook or on a branch. Ps. angikwa.
uangalizi.) Ap. ang-ikia, -ikiwa, -ikika. Cs.
-angalifu, a. careful, observant, ang-ikisha, -ikishwa. (Cf. anga-
attentive. (Cf. angalia, uangalifu.) ma, angua, chango, i.e. ki-ango,
Angama, v. be in mid-air, be sus- mwango, ? anga. Also syn. tungika,
pended, hang. A. mnazimi, I? left tundika, both Nt. forms with act.
hanging in a cocoanut tree. A.junya meaning, as anika,fu7iika, &c.)
mti, be caught in the boughs of a -angu, a. of pron. 1 Pers. S., my,
tree, when falling. (A St. form, mine, of me. (Cf. -ake for Pfx., and
cf. Nt. angika, and Rv. angtia, and use oimimi, 7nwenyewe for emphasis.)
poss. anga. Also follg.) Angua, v. (1) let fall, drop, take
Angamia, v. be ruined, be lost, down, throw down, e. g. fruit from
be utterly undone, perish. Watu trees; (2) out suddenly, utter,
let
wengi wameangamia vitani, many vent, e.g. a. embe (nazi, &c), throw
perished in war. A. mwituni, be down mangoes (cocoanuts, &c).
lost (perish) in the forest. Nt. (sel- Sultani akaangua kilia, the Sultan
dom) angamika, e.g. Mali yangu gave vent to a cry. Also (3) hatch,
imeangamika, my property is ruined. e.g. a. mayai, hatch eggs, a. waana,
Cs. angamiza, -izwa, ruin, spoil, hatch out young birds (not lay/ which '

destroy. (Apparently Ap. of an- is zaa, taga). Ps. anguliwa. Nt.

gama, which see, with generalized anguka, which see. Ap. angti-lia,
meaning cf. uanga?nizi.)
; -liwa, -lika. Cs. angu-sha, -shwa,
Angaza, v. (1) be light, give light, -shia, -shiwa, often intens., e.g. (1)
be bright, shine, e. g. macho ya kua- make fall, throw down violently;
ngaza, bright (sharp, observant) eyes. (2) fig. bring to ruin, send as a blow
Mivanga wa taa unaangaza nyumba (curse, disaster). Muungu ame-
yote, the light of the lamp gives light mwangushia mabaya, God has sent
to the whole house (2) look intently down evil upon him.
;
(Rv. of root
(at), fix (on), sometimes
attention found angama, which see,
in angika,
with macho, e.g. angaza macho, keep also anguka, and syn. shua, shusha.
the eyes open (lit. make the eyes Dist. kwangua.)
bright). Angaza malt yako,keep a Anguka, v. (1) fall, fall down,
sharp eye on your property; (3) re- drop, have a downward movement
main awake, keep watch at night. (direction, tendency) (2) fig. meet
;

Ni??ieangaza kucha nisilale,

tisiku •
with disaster, be ruined ; (3) happen,
I have kept awake the whole night befall, fall out. Ap. angitk-ia, -iwa,
without sleeping; (4) fig. open the (1) fall down into (on, before, &c);
eyes of, enlighten, instruct. Ps. ang- (a) come upon, fall in with. IVaka-
azwa. Ap. ang-azia, -aziwa, mwangickia miguu, and they fell down
 ANGUKO 14 APA
before his feet, they submitted to him. go and bring in the clothes for me.
Kuangukiwa na msiba, to be the (Rv. of same root as anika.)
victim of a calamity. Akaangukia *Anwani, n. heading, title, ad-
tnji mgeni, and he lighted upon a dress (of a letter), direction, general
strange city. Ukaangnka msiba description. Andika a. ya barua,
mkubwa mno, and a veiy great write the address of a letter. Tti-
mourning took place. (Nt. of angua, naingia katika anwani ya vyakula,
cf. anguko, also angika, angama, and we are entering on the subject of
notes.) dietetics. (Arab.)
Anguko, n. (ma-), (i) a fall, drop Anza, v. begin, commence, start,
(downward), a downward movement, be the beginning, be the first. Anza
&c. ;(2) ruin, fall; (3) something kazi, begin work. Kazi yaanzay
fallen, a ruin. Maanguko ya maji work begins. Anza kusema, begin
(ya mto), waterfall (also maporo- to speak. Kwanza, Infin., and ya
mokd). (Cf. anguka, maangamizi, kwanza, used as adv., 'first, firstly,
&c.) in the first place, to begin with.' -a
*Ania, v. intend, kwanza, first (ordinal of mosi, one).
resolve, set the
mind on, desire. No deriv. common. Ps. anzwa. Nyumba imeanzwa ku-
(Arab. Cf. syn. Kusiidia, azimu, and jenga, or imeanza kujengwa, the house
B. taka. AUa seems a different has begun to be built. Nt. anzika.
word.) Ap. anz-ia, -iwa. Also anz-ilia,
Anika, v. set out to dry, expose -ilixva, -ilika, make a beginning of,
to sun (or air), air, dry. A. ngao make an attempt at. Cs. anz-isha,
(mchele, &c), dry clothes (rice, &c). -ishwa, -ishia, &c, set on foot, insti-
Ps. anikwa. Ap. anikia, -iwa, tute, found, see put in hand, start.
dry for (at, with, &c). Kamba Also anz-ilisha, and -iliza, which can
ya kuanikia ngno, a clothes-line. be used of special earnestness, effort,
Cs. anik-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. anua, or occasion. (Cf. mwanzo, kwanza?)
and syn. kausha.) *Anzwani, n. Johanna (island).
*Anisi, v. please, give pleasure to, *Ao, conj. also au, or ao ;
— ao,
gratify the desires of. Wanapiga either —
or. (A. Cf. ama, and dis-
ngoma kwa ajili kutuanisi, they junct, wala.)
are drumming in order to please -ao, a. of pron. 3 Pers. P., their,
us. (Arab. Cf. anasa, and syn. theirs,of them. (Cf. -ake for prefixes,
rith ish a. B pendeza. )
. and use of wao, wenyewe, for em-
*Ankra, n. invoice, account, bill phasis.)
of sale, reckoning. (Hind, used in Apa, v. swear, take an oath, utter
commerce. Cf. Arab, orotha.) an oath. A. Korani, swear by the
*Anna, of a rupee,
n. one-sixteenth Coran. Sisadiki, apa ya?nini, I do
value 12 pies, or 4 pice, i. e. one not believe, swear by your right hand.
penny. (Hind.) Ps. apwa. Ap. apia, swear to
Anua, take out of the sun (or
v. (about, with, in, &c). Akaniapia
air, or rain), put under cover (in na kiapo, and he swore to me with
shade, in the house). Ps. anuliwa. a formal oath. Cs. (1) apisha (also
Nt. anuka, (1) be taken out of the afya), -ishwa, cause to swear, put on
sun, be dry, have done airing; (2) oath, administer an oath to, adjure,
(of weather) be dry, have done rain- conjure; (2) ap-iza, -izwa, usually
ing, clear up. A'umeanuka, it has Intens. with special sense, swear at,
cleared up, it is fine again. Ap. imprecate against, denounce, curse,
anu-lia, -/iwa, &c. Sina mtu wa abjure. Apizana, curse each other.
kunianulia nguo, I have no one to Rp. apiana } take an oath together,
 API 15 ASHERATI
join in swearing. (Cf. uapo, wapo, soil ' as a substance, barra, as opp.
'

kiapo, apizo.) to bahari, sea ulaya and ivilaya, of

;

Api, or (attached to a word ending territorial divisions ; inchi, the com-

with -a) -pi, same as wapi, where ? mon B. syn.)
(which see). *Arusi, n. also Harusi, (1) the
Apizo, n. (ma-), curse, impreca- marriage ceremony, a wedding, nup-
tion. (Cf. apa, and syn. laana.) tials (2) the marriage feast; (3)
;

*Arabuni, n. (i) earnest-money, bride, bridegroom. {A. ni mavibo

deposit, advance, payment to secure yatendzvayo, mutne akipelekwa kwa
future service ; (2) with -ni locative, tnke, Arusi is all that is done when
in Arabia. (Ar. For Uarabuni, a man is conducted to his wife. Ytcle
see Mwarabti.) ni arusi, leo ataingia nyumbani,
*Ari, n. scandal, shame, disgrace, yonder is the bridegroom, to-day he
dishonour. Nikiona ari, ulimwengu will enter the bride's house. Tu-
wanichukiza, dishonoured,
if I feel memleta arusi kwa mumewe, we
everything is hateful to me. (Ar. have brought the bride to* her hus-
Cf. aibu, fetheha, hay a.) band. (Ar. —
the- initial Ain being
*Aria, n. part, section, part^ fol- , often heard as a faint h in Swah. CL
lowing. (? Hind.) nikaha, and syn. B. ndoa, maozi.)
*Arifu, v. inform, report, let know, *Asali, n. sweet syrup of several
give instructions about, esp. in writing, kinds, (1) a. ya nyuki, from bees,
by letter, e.g. baada ya salaam, na- 'honey' ; (2) a. ya mua, from sugar-
kuarifu haya, after good wishes, I cane, 'treacle, molasses'; (3) a. ya
proceed to inform you as follows. tembo, made by boiling palm-wine.
Ps. arifiwa. A-p.arif-ia, -iwa, &c. (Ar.)
— a. well-informed, ingenious, know- Asha, v. (1) for akisha, Cs. oiaka,
ing. (Ar. Cf. maarifa, taarifu, and build, which see; (2) for achisha,
syn. htibiri.) Cs. of acha, which see. (Also in
*Aroba, n. and a., also Ar'ba, Ar. a woman's name.
Dist. was ha,
Arbaa, four. (Arab., used mainly Cs. of zvaka, burn.)
in conjunction with some other Ar. *Ashara, n. and a. ten. (Arab, for ,

numeral, as droba mia, 400, droba the common B. kumi, ten. Appears
ashirini, 24 ; otherwise usually the in edashara, thenashara, ushuru,
B. syn. nne, -nne.) &c. and follg.)
*Arobaini, n. and a., forty. Used *Asharini,n. and a., and Ishirini,
also in technical senses, irrespective twenty. -a asharini, twentieth.
of number, e.g. (1) of a chief's body- (Ar. Cf. dshara, and B. makztmi
guard, 15 young men armed; (2) mazaili.)
of a ceremonial interval, sometimes *Ashekali, a. better (after sick-
of a week, each of the four weeks after ness), improved in condition, fit, in
a birth. Alipotoka katika arobaini, form. Fanya a., get better. Mimi
when he was four weeks old. -a aro- leo a., I am better to-day, I am feel-
baini, fortieth. (Ar. See Aroba. ing well. (Ar. for common B.
B. makumi manne.) sijambo, hujawbo, Sec.)
*Arobatashara, n. and a., four- *Asherati, n. also Hash., TJash.,
teen, -a arobatashara, fourteenth. dissipation, profligacy, debauchery,
(Ar. Cf. asharini, and droba. B. fornication, adultery.- a. also —
kumi na 'nne. ) -ash.., dissipated, immoral. Mtu
*Arthi, n. (1) ground, earth;
soil, hiiyu asherati sana, this person leads
(2) land, as contr. with sea (3) land, ; a very immoral life. (Ar. Cf.
region, country. (Arab. Qi.udongo, iifisiki, ufisada, and B. uzini.)
 ASHIKI 16 ATHIMTT
*Ashiki, v.have a passion for, be prefixed. Cf. sabalkheri, and ala-
enamoured of, be in love with. siri, alfajiri,athuuri and B. kuc/ia.)
(Arab. Cf. shauko.) *Asusa, n. something sweet or
*Ashiria, v. Ap. make
signs to pleasant, used to correct an un-
(with, for, &c.), signal (to), indicate pleasant taste or effect, e.g. something
by signs (to). Ps. ashiriwa. (Ar. taken and chewed after a drinking
Cf. ishara, and B. syn. onya, onyesha.) bout, a corrective, comfort, relief.
*Asi, v. rebel (against), disobey, (Ar. Qi.faraja.)
mutiny, neglect duty (towards), quar- -ata, a verbal formative termina-
rel (with). Asi Muungu (mfa/me, tion, seeming to convey an idea of
mke), fail in duty towards God close contact, holding firmly ,clasping,
(king, wife). Ps. asiwa. Ap. compressing. ambata, kamata.
Cf.
asi-a, -wa, -ka, rebel against (at, on Atamia, v. sometimes tamia,
account of, &c). Cs. asisha, -shwa, ? otamia, sit on eggs, brood (of a hen).

cause to rebel, abet in disobedience, Cs. atamisha ?nayai, put eggs under
&c. Asifha mume na mke, make a a hen, get a hen to sit on eggs.
man quarrel with his wife. a. — (An Ap. verb-form, ?a variant of
(also -asi), rebellious, quarrelsome, otama, sit on the heels, squat on the
undutiful. (Ar. Cf. tiasi, maasi, ground.)
halifti.) *Athabu, n. punishment, torture,
*Asikari, n. (— wa-, and ma-) and chastisement, correction.
, Tia a.
Askari, soldier, policeman, guard, kali, punish severely. (Ar. Cf.
armed attendant. Andika {tia, athibu, and dist. adabu, good be-
changd) asikari, enlist soldiers. haviour.)
Cheza a., be drilled. (Ar.) *Athama, n. (1) greatness, gran-
*Asili, n. (i) origin, source, root, deur, glory, exaltation ; (2) (also
stock; (2) inborn temperament, na- azamd), nose-ring. (Arab. Cf. a-
ture ; (3) essence, fundamental prin- thimu, and B. utuktifu, ukuu.)
ciple, ground; (4) ancestry, family. *Athana, n. the cry of the muez-
Watu wa a., original inhabitants, zin, the Mahommedan call to prayers.
aborigines. A. yafullani mtumwa, (Arab. Cf. athini, mwathini.')
such and such a man is by origin a *Athibu, v. punish, torment,
(born) slave. A. yake, atoka wapi? chastise, physically and otherwise.
Where is his original home ? A. ya Usijiathibu bilashi, do not worry
mali} capital (of money). Huyu a. yourself for nothing (be a self-tor-
yake ni mjinga, this man is a born mentor). Ps. athibiwa. Nt. athi-
fool. Hana a. wala fasili, he has bika. Ap. athib-ia, -iwa, -ika.
neither root nor branches, e.
i. ancestry Cs. athib-isha, ishwa. Also intens.
or connexions, standing or prospects. Ath. vikali, punish severely, inflict
Hakufanya kwa a., he did not act condign punishment. (Ar.)
rightly (according to principle, pro- *Athima, ri. a charm, spell, in-
perly) . —
adv. originally, by na- cantation, e.g. against evil spirits, to
ture, in old times. (Ar. Cf. syn. bring back runaway slaves, &c.
B. mwanzo, chanzo.) (Arab. Cf. follg. and talasvnu,
Assubuhi, n. also Subuhi, Ussu- hirizi, dazva^)
bui, morning (in general), time of Athimia, v. Ap. make a charm
morning, earlier part of the day. (spell, incantation) against (for, with,
As adv., '
and often &c).
in the morning,' (Arab. Cf. prec. and dist.
emphasized by na mapema. Njoo Athimia, Ap. of Athimu, exalt.)
assubuhi na mapema, .come in the *Athimu, v. honour, exalt, make
morning early. (Ar. with Article much of, celebrate, glorify. Ps. athi-
 ATHINI 17 AYARI
miwa. Nt. athimika. Ap. athim- tracks of men or animals. Ps. auli-
ia,-iwa, -ika. Siku yakuathimika, wa. Nt.auka. Shamba lotelimeauka,
a day to be kept (celebrated), a me- the whole plantation has been in-
morable day. Cs. athimisha, spected. Ap. au-lia, -liuia, -lika,
cause to honour (be honoured), and survey for (with, by, &c). Vipande
intens., honour highly. (Arab. vya kuaulia, surveying instruments.
Cf. athama, and B. syn. tukuza.) Cs. au-sha, e. g. cause (employ, send)
*Athini, v. call to public prayers, to survey, show about, show the
of the muezzin, according to Ma- sights of. (Cf. kagua, angalia,
hommedan universal custom. Uki- tazamia. Aua is sometimes used for
sikia mwathini
akiathini, njoo, Eua, which see.)
when you hear the muezzin calling to *Auni, v. also Awini, assist,
prayers, come. (Arab. Cf. mwa- help. — n. assistance, help. (Ar.
thini, athana. In Z. the call is usu. Cf. more usual msaada, saidia.)
from the steps at the door of the *Aushi, n. endurance, permanence,
Mosque, or from the roof, as only durability, wear, quality of lasting.
one mosque has a minaret, and Kitu cha a tough lasting material
a.,
many are only thatched houses.; or substance. Ynna a., he has lived
*Athuuri, n. noon, midday, one long, he lasts well. (Ar. Cf.
of the regular Mahommedan hours of ishi, maisha, and syn. udumu.)
prayer. (Ar., with Article pre- *Awala, n. See Hawala. (Ar.)
fixed. Cf. alasiri, assubuhi, &c, and *Awali, n. beginning, start, first
B. syn. jua kichwani, jua kati, saa place. Also a. first, and adv. (i)
sita mchana.) firstly, at first; (2) just, nearly, al-
*Ati, a common int. or expletive, most. A. wa inchi, border, boundary
expressing surprise, or calling atten- of a country. Await ni awali,
tion, '
come now, look here, awali mbovu hapana, first is first,
I say,
you see.' Unaniumiza ati, you are there is no bad first. Toka awali
hurting me, I tell you. Ati weive hatta aheri, from first to last, from
uliopo, u mtti gani ? I say, you there, start to finish. -Awali Muungu,
what is your tribe ? Here goes Here's for luck
! a work- !
—
*Atia, also Hatia, present, man's rejoinder to the overseer's call
n.
free gift, and as adv. gratis, as a gift, Kazil Work hard, or Jembe I Dig
for nothing. Vitu hivi atnempa away. (Ar. for common B. mwa-
mtoto wake alia, these things he has nzo, kwanza.)
given to his child as a free gift. *Awaza, v. distribute, allot, ar-
(Arab., one of the less common range, dispose. (Arab, for com-
words for present.' Cf. bakskishi, mon B.gawa, tengeneza. Cf. Mwa-
'

zawadi, and notes. In the form ha- wazi.)

tia, h represents A
in.) *Awesia, n. one kind of native
—
Atua, v. split, crack, e.g. of split- sailing vessel, having perpendicular
ting logs for firewood. Nt. atttka. stem, high rudder head, and sharp
Inchi imeatuka kwa jua, the ground stern. (?Ar. or Hind. Ql.chombo,
is cracked by the heat of the sun. and note.)
(Cf. chanja, pasua, tema.) *Aya, n. a short section or division
*Au, conj., also Ao, or. Au — au, of a book, e^p. of the Coran.
either —or. (Ar. Cf. ama, and (Arab. Ci.juzu.)
the disjunct, wala.) *Ayari, n. (1) impostor, impudent
Aua, v. survey, view, examine, cheat, knave, rogue (Ar.) ; (2)
trace, track out. A. shamba, survey naut., shroud, rope supporting the
an estate. A. nyayo, follow up mast of a ship. (? Ar. or Hind.)
 a

ATIKA 18 BAB
*Ayika, v. for yeyuka, which see. iba and uivi, omba and maomvi or
Aza, v. for waza, which see. maombi, jambia and jamvia, kumbi
*Azama, n. See Athama (2). and kumvi.
*Azima, v. also Azima, and B as initial sound of a root, when
Azimu, resolve, purpose, propose, preceded by an n prefix, causes a
intend, decide on. Akaazima safari euphonic change of n into m, e. g.
kwenda barra, and he determined on ubavu, plur. mbavu for nbavu, and
a journey up country. Ps. azimwa. mbele for nbele from ubele. Also
Nt. azimika. Ap. azim-ia, -iwa, when an n prefix precedes initial w of
-ika, decide about (for, against, &c). a root, mb takes the place of nw,
Cs. azim-iska, -iskwa. Also Intens. e. g. uwingu, plur. mbingu for
— n. resolve, purpose, plan, design, nwingu. (n, b and w appear to be
proposal. (Ar., and for n. cf. alternative sounds in some words.
mradi, and shauri. Dist. azima for Cf. uwiitda and ubinda.)
athima, and azima, as follg.) *Baa, n. (1) evil, trouble, disaster,
*Azima, v. lend, borrow, in mo- plague, nuisance ; (2) a reprobate,
ney or kind. Ps. azimwa. Ap. villain, bore. Baa pia hutokana na
azim-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs. azim- vijana na watumwa, all troubles
isha, -ishwa. Rp. azimana. proceed from children and slaves.
— n. loan, debt, advance, money or Baa la kujitakia, a self-caused evil.
credit. (?Hind. Dist. azima prec, (Ar. Cf. short, msiba, ukorqfi.)
and athima. Cf. deni, kopa.") *Baada,adv. or Bada, Badu, after,
*Aziri, v. slander, bring into dis- afterwards, —
of time, and only of
repute, disparage. (Arab, for com- space behind,' so far as it is some-
l

mon B. singizia, chongea, and cf. times involved in the idea of suc-
izara.) cession, following after, coming next
*Azizi, n. a rarity, wonder, curi- to or behind. Contr. nytcma.
osity, treasure. Azizi ni kitu kisi- Seldom used alone, but commonly
choenea watu, azizi means something (1) with ya, forming a preposition,
uncommon, not widely known. Also after, in succession to, next to.
a., precious, rare, valuable. Pame- Baada ya salaam nakuarifu, after
ingia mjini kitu azizi, a great curio- good wishes, I beg to inform you, —
sity has arrived in the town. (Arab. phrase introducing the substance of
Cf. tunu, afabu.) a letter after the formal complimen-
*Azur, n. perjury. See Zuri. tary opening ; (2) -wWhyake, often in
(Arab.) combination, baadaye, and general
reference, • after it, thereafter, after-
B. wards, then, next/ (Ar. Cf. bado,
B represents the same sound as wabadahu.)
in English. Baamwezi. See Mbalamwezi.
B in some words is not distin- *Baathi, a. some, a portion of,
guished from p in common talk, e.g. generally with ya, e.g. baathi ya
bofu and pofu, babua and papua, watu, some of the people, like —
bogoa and pogoa, boromoka and poro- watu wangine, nussya watu. (Ar.)
moka. *Bab, n. kind, sort, class, used —
Words not found under may B sometimes in commerce of goods,
therefore be looked for under P, and e.g. bob ulaya, European goods,
vice versa. i. e. for or from Europe. Panga
B in some words appears as v babu-babu), arrange in
in bab-bab (or
kindred words (cf. interchange of classes, according to kind. (Arab.
p and /), e.g. gomba and ugomvi, Cf. aina, namna, ginsi.)
 BABA 19 BADO
*Baba, n. (i) father; (2) uncle on *Badili, v. change, become
father's side; (3) ancestor; (4) pa- changed, exchange (whether by
tron, protector, guardian. Baba giving or taking), interchange, alter-
hasWa is used to denote and em- nate, act reciprocally, exhibit suc-
phasize actual paternity. Huyu ni cessive changes. Esp. of exchange
baba yanga haswa, this is my real of goods, i. e. barter. Used both
father. Paternal uncles are distin- act. and neut. B. mali, barter
guished as mkubwa, if older, and goods. B. fetha, change money,
mdogo, if younger, than the father. whether for other coin or its equiva-
Nina baba wakubwa wawili na lent. B. zamu, relieve guard, take
mmoja mdogo, I have two uncles an appointed turn or spell of work,
older than my father and one younger. &c. B. nguo, change clothes, put
Baba wa kambo, step -father. Baba on another suit. Ps. badiliwa. Nt.
is treated grammatically as 1 D
in badilika,
, change, be changed, be
respect of the agreement of verbs capable of change, be fit for ex-
and of all adjectives except the Pro- change, be liable to change, &c.
nominal. These latter are used in Ap. badil-ia, -iwa, -ika. Cs.
the forms agreeing with 6, D
com- badil-isha, -ishwa, -ishana, e. g.
monly in the sing., almost always in badilishana, of several persons,
the plur. for the sake of distinct- cause each other to exchange, agree
.

ness, and these forms often coalesce upon terms of barter, wrangle over
with baba. Baba mwema, a kind a sale. Rp. badi liana, e. g. of
father. Baba hataki kwenda, my several persons engaged in a matter
father refuses to go. Baba wake (or of exchange or barter. Sometimes
babake), baba yake (or babaye), his Redupl. badili-badili, of frequent,
father. But baba zao (or babazo), rapid, or vexatious change. (Ar.
rather than the ambiguous baba wao, As contr. with B. geuka, geuza, Sec,
their fathers. Baba ya watoto, a both imply change, alteration, and
kind of owl. (Cf. babu, and syn. so far can often be used convertibly,
amu, and dist. mjomba.) but change in badili properly im-
Babaika, v. stutter, stammer, hesi- plies only another thing or state,
tate in speaking, talk as in sleep. in geuka, another and a different
(Cf. gugumiza, payuka.) thing or state, i.e. a change of
—
Babata, v. tap, strike lightly, as quality, condition or form, altera- —
a blacksmith on thin metal. tion as well as substitution, succes-
Babu, n. (1) grandfather; (2) an- sion, &c Thus badili nguo would
cestor, ancient. (For grammatical properly mean, put on another suit
treatment cf. baba. Also cf. bibi, of clothes, geuza ngtio, put on a suit
grandmother, and mzee, ancestor.) of a different kind (in a different con-
*Badala, n. and Badili, (1) thing dition). Badili mali, exchange
given in exchange, or for barter, goods, geuza mali, make goods
a substitute, an equivalent, a swop; better or worse.) —
n. {ma-),
(2) a person filling the place or change, exchange, alternation, suc-
office of another, substitute, repre- cessive change, repetition. Usu. in
sentative, successor. Badala ya, in plur. (Ar. Cf. badala, -badilifu, B.
place of, instead of. (Cf. badili, geuka, -geuzi, die.)
and mahali pa, in place of.) -badilifu, a. (1) changing,
*Badani, n. the front or back changeable, liable to change (2) of
;

piece together forming the body of character, whimsical, shifty, un-

—
a native dress, kanzu, also called trustworthy. (Ar. See Badili, v.)
kimo. (? Ar. or Hind. Cf. kanzu.) *Bado, adv. (1) of time, succes-
C 2
 — ;

BAFE 20 BAINI
sion, subsequence, ' yet, as yet, (not) *Bahari, n. (1) sea; (2) fig. of
yet'; (2) of accession, addition, 'still, what is of vast extent. B. kuu, the
still more, further, moreover, as well, high seas, ocean. B. ya Sham, Red
to boot.' Very common after a Sea. B. il ali, Persian Gulf. B.
negat. verb, and esp. in the deferred Rum, Mediterranean, i. e. Sea of
tense, e. g. amekuja ? Has he come ? Constantinople. Watu wanaozama
Ans. Hajaja b., he has not yet come, katika bahari ya maneno, people who
or merely dado, i. e. (not) yet. Yuko ? plunge into the ocean of words, i. e.
Is he there? Ans. Yuko b., He is embark on etymological studies.
still there, or hayuko b., he is not (Ar. Cf. baharia. Also opp. barra,
there as yet. Often too with an B. inchi kavu.)
infin. loosely, with negative force,
b. kujua, there is no knowing as yet.
*Bah.aria, n. (
one of ship's company. (Ar. Cf.
—
and ma-), sailor, ,

Vita b. kwiska, the war is not yet bahari, and B. mwana maji.)
over. Bzvana b. kuam'ka, my master *Bahasha, n. ( and ma-), case,— ,

is not yet awake. B. analala, he is satchel, bag, packet, paper box (or,
still asleep. B. -ngine, still (yet) cover). Bahasha ya nguo, a bundle
another. B. kidogo, yet (still) a little, of clothes. Sometimes used to de-
i. e. soon, presently, wait a bit. scribe an envelope.' (? Hind.)
'

Utapata b., you will get it presently. *Bahati, n. (1) fortune, chance,
Mtu jamaa yao na b. mtu wa serkali, luck ; (2) esp. good fortune, good
a kinsman of theirs and moreover luck. Kwa b., by chance, by good

a government official. (Ar. Cf. luck. B. 7ijema (mbaya), good ( bad)

baada. Bado implies succession, fortune. Ndio b. yake, that is his
futurity,and so, expectation, and by good luck. Ttimia b., do a thing at
implication, negation, i. e. the not- random, take the chance, risk every-
present.) thing, make a plunge, speculate, trust
Bafe, n. a venomous kind of snake. to luck. (Ar. See follg. Cf. syn.
(Cf. nyoka.) nasibu.)
*Bafuta, n. also B&futa, a thin *Bahatisha, v. guess, make a ven-
kind of bleached calico, used esp. ture, speculate, trust to luck. Ps.
for lining a katvzu (which see). Dif- bahatishwa. (Ar. Cf. bahati, and
ferent qualities are distinguished as syn. kisi.)
B. ingereza (fine), B.fransa (thicker), *Bahili, n. and a., also Bakhili,
B. dondo (dressed), B. maradufu and -bahlli, a miser, miserly, cove-
(heavy), &c. (Hind. See Nguo.) tous, grasping, parsimonious, i. e.
*Bagala, n. also Bagala, a kind mwenyi kuweka mali, one who hoards
of native sailing vessel, —
large, his money. Mali ya bahili huliwa
square stern, high poop, and long na dudu, a miser's wealth gets
prow, used esp. in trade with India. worm-eaten. (Ar. Cf. ubahili,
Sometimes double - masted. See •kabithi, and for the idea, roho, choyo,
Chombo. (? Hind.) tamaa.)
*Baghala, n. also Baghla, a *Baina, n. clearness, clear know-
mule. (Ar. Cf. B. nyumbu, used ledge, certainty. Hapana b., there
as syn. in Z.) is no certainty (clear evidence). (Ar.
Bagua, v. separate, put apart, Cf. baini, follg. and uthahiri, ha-
divide off. B. yaliyo yako, pick out kika.)
what is yours. Nt. baguka, be sepa- *Baini, v. and Bayini, (1) see
rated, be at variance, quarrel. Ba- clearly, know, distinguish, recognize
gukana, be in hostile parties, quarrel (2) make clear, prove, show; (3) be
together. (Cf. the common tenga.) clear, be manifest, be plainly shown,
 ,

BAJIA 21 BALOZI
this sense more usual with the Nt. special character, for various occa-
bainika. Ps. bainiwa. Mwivi sions of charity, congratulation , affec-
amebainiwa, the thief has been de- tion, bribery, &c, e.g. hiba, kumbu-
tected. Nt. bainika, be shown, be faimbii, kisalama, kipukusa, sadaka,
made clear. A
p. bain-ia, -izva, hongo, mlungula, rtcshwa, kijiri,
•ika, -ikia, -ikana. Cs. bain-isha, mpenyezo, or taken from a common
-ishwa, &c, intens. make very form of present, e.g. ufito, kilemba,
plain, clearly distinguish, demonstrate. pesa, or from the service rewarded,
— a. and -bainifu, clear, plain, de- uongozi, uchukuzi, makombozi, mao-
monstrable, evident, well-known, kozi (and many words of similar
notorious. —
n. also Baina, which formation), or from the immediate
see. —
adv. See Beina. (Ar. effect in view, e.g. kipa mkono, ki-
Cf. bayini, ubaini, bayana, mbayana, nyosha mgongo, kifimgua mlango,
ubayana, and syn. thihiri, ivazi.) and many others.)
*Bajia, n. a small cake of ground
beans and pepper (Str.). (? Hind.)
*Bakuli, n. ( —
and ma-), a large,
,

deep basin, dish, or pan of earthen-

Bajuni, n. {ma-), native from coast ware. Dim. kibakuli. (Ar.)
north of Mombasa. See Mgu^ya. *Balaa, n. sorrow. (Arab, for
*Baki, v. remain over, be left, stay common kuzuni, &c.)
behind. Ap. baki-a, -iwa, remain Balamwezi, n.also Baamwezi,
over to (for, in, &c). Walibakiwa moonshine. See Mbalamwezi.
mali, they had property remaining, Balanga, n. a disease producing
over to them. Cs. baki-sha, -shiva, light-coloured patches on a dark skin,
-shia, or bakiza, leave behind, cause ? a form of leprosy.
to remain. Rp. bakiana, of several *Balari, n. a kind of chisel.
persons or things, remain behind all (? Hind.)
together (by consent). n. ( — — *Balasi, n. (ma-), a very large
and ma-, also bakia (ma-) and -o), kind of jar (of stone or earthenware,
(i) that which remains over, re- with narrow mouth), used esp. for
mainder, residue (2) in Arithm.,
;
storing water. Said to come from
subtraction. Baki ya vitwana, the the Persian Gulf. (? Pers. Cf. ka-
remainder of the men-servants. (Ar. siki, which is smaller. Balasi also
Cf. B. syn. saa {ma-), salio, &c.) means 'leprosy' in Arab., and is
Bakora, n. a walking-stick, usu- — used so in Z. Cf. ukoma.)
ally of a white wood (the best being *Balehi, v. grow up, come to
mtobwe, which see) with top bent at (sexual) maturity, become marriage-
an angle, and rather larger at the able. Amebalehi sasa, apewe mke,
lower end. Alipigwa b. kumi, he got he is now grown up. he should be
ten strokes with a stick. (Various given a wife. —
n. also Mbalehe
kinds of sticks are jimbo, iifito, (ki)- (wa-), boy or girl growing up, enter-
gongo, (ki)barango, rungu, mkongojo, ing on manhood or womanhood,
mpiko, mpweke, kipigi, mtobwe.) developed, marriageable. (Ar. Cf.
*Bakshishi, n. gratuity, gift, pre- syn. komaa, pevuka and ubale/ie,
sent, beggar's dole, fee. great (A -pevu, -zima.)
variety of words and expressions de- *Bali, conj. but, nay, rather, on
noting gift from different points of
'
' the contrary. * (Arab. Cf. more
view will be found in this Dictionary. common Iakini.)
Some are of a general kind, e. g. ada, *Balozi, n. (ma-), also Barozi,
atia, karama, bakshishi, majazi, tha- which see, and Balyozi, consul,
wabu, zawadi, kipaji, kipawa, he- political agent. (? Turkish. Cf.
daya, tuzo (tnza, iwizo), others of iibarozi.)
 BALTJNGI 22 BANTYA
Balungi, n. (ma-), citron —the *Bandari, n. harbour, anchorage,
fruit of mbalungi. (Hind.) roadstead, B. ni mahali pa
port.
Bamba, n. (ma-), a flat thin piece pwani watu washukapo, a bandari is
(esp. of metal), a sheet, plate, or a place on the shore where people
strip of metal. Mabamba ya chuma, disembark. (Ar. Cf. banada.)
hoop-iron. Also of card-board, mill- *Bandera, n. See Bendera.
board. Dim. kiba?nba. (Cf. mbamba, Bandi, n. (ma-), stitching, a row
-embamba, and follg.) of stitches, a stitch, esp. of the coarser
Bambo, an iron instrument
n. (i) kinds of sewing. Fanya (piga, shond)
grooved and pointed, used for draw- bandi, baste, tack, run (in sewing).
ing a sample from a sack of grain ;
(Cf. ponta, shuhu, and see Shona.)
(2) (ma-), long cord-like strip of Bandia, n. puppet, toy-figure, doll.
plaited grass, used for making coarse Mtoto tva bandia, a doll, often made
mats and baskets, and for cording a of plaited grass, stuffed with rice.
native bedstead. (Cf. skupatti, also Bandika, v. put on, stick on,
ubambo, mbamba, bamba.) fasten on, apply, attach, esp. of caus-
*Bamia, n. same as Binda, n. ing something to adhere to a surface,
(which see). also ' add, place in addition to.' Some-
Bamvua, n. (ma-), spring tide. times fig. and neut., e.g. Amewa-
(Cf. syn. maji mahni.) bandika, he has attached himself to
Bana, v. hold as in a vice, press, them, he sticks to them, of an un-
squeeze, pinch. Also in neut. sense, pleasant companion. B. dawa, apply
stick fast, jam. Ps. baniwa. Nt. a plaster (in medicine). Ps. ba-
banika, be fixed, e.g. between two ndikwa. Ap. bandik-ia, -iwa. Cs.
sticks, for roasting by a fire. Also bandik-isha, -ishwa, -iza, -izwa. Ba-
used act., set to roast at fire. Ap. ndikisha vyombo,put on an extra load,
bati-ia, -iwa, -ika, press to (with, in, add to a load. (Cf. kandika, and
&c). Jibania nguo, gird oneself follg., and n. pandika, pandikiza^)
tightly, fasten one's clothes tight, as Bandua, v. take off, detach, re-
for work, a journey,&c. Cs. ban- move, strip off, peel off, relieve of.
Jibanza
iza, ban-za. ukutani, squeeze Nt. banduka. Hawambanduki M-
oneself up against a wall, to allow znngu, they never leave (part com-
something to pass. Rp. banana. pany with) the European. Unisugue
(Cf. banua, bano, mbano, banzi, hatta nibanduke maganda, rub me,
kibanzi, and syn. kaza, songa, &c.) till my shell comes off —
of a tortoise.
*Banada, n. also Banaderi, the (In form and sense a Rv. form of
ports on the Somali coast north of Bandika, but no deriv. or cogn. forms
Zanzibar, esp. Barawa, Marka, Mag- common. Cf. mbandztko.)
desh, Warsheikh, &c, now in the *Banduru, n. bilge, place in ship's
Italian Protectorate (1902). (Ar. hold from which water is baled out,
CL bandari.) ship's well.
*Banagiri,
Banajili,
— n. (
armlet, bracelet,
, and ma-), also *Bangi,
or Indian hemp, often chewed and
n. bhang, leaf of mbangi
in Z.
usually of silver — a broad band orna-smoked, and used in various sweet
mented with blunt projecting points. preparations. strong intoxicant. A
(Hind. Cf. kikuku, and for such (Hind. Cf. mbangi, pant j boza, ma-
ornaments generally, urembo.) juni, afyuni.)
Banda, n. (;//#-), large shed, work- *Baniani, n. (ma-), a Banyan.
—
shop, factory covered, open at the See Bartyani.
sides. B. la frasi, stable. Dim. *Baniya, n. the Caaba at Mecca.
kibanda. (Arab, a building.)
 ;;

BANJA 23 BARIKI
Banja, v.crack, break, e. g. a nut. Tuna b. leo, we are getting on well
Bano, n. (wa-), a carpenter's tool to-day. (Ar. Cf. bariki, mbaraka.)
for holding work cramp,
in position, *Barakoa, a mask, covering the
n.
holdfast. (Cf. bana, mbano.) face down mouth, all but the
to the
Ban.ua, v. loosen, unfasten, slacken eyes, worn in public by Arab and
pressure, e. g. open the jaws of a vice. Mahommedan women generally of
Nt. banuka. Ban-ulia, -uliwa. (Rv. the upper class. (Ar.)
of bana.) *Barathuli, n. See Barazuli.
*Banyani, n. {ma-),Banyan, hea- *Barawai, n. a swallow.
then Indian, usually trader from *Baraza, n. (1) place of public
Cutch. audience or reception. In Z. a stone
—
Banzi, n. ( , and ma-), thin strip seat in the entrance hall, or against
the wall outside a house, or a raised
of wood, or split stick, used for
holding fish, meat, &c., to toast by platform with stone seats and some-
a fire. (Cf. bana, and dim. ki- times roofed over in front of the
banzi.) house, for receiving strangers, hold-
Bao, n. {ma-). See Bau. ing audiences, and transacting busi-
Bapa, n. also TJbapa, usee of a ness. Hence also (2) a meeting,
broad or slightly rounded, sur-
flat, reception, public audience, council
face, e.g. b. la upanga, the fiat blade (3) members of a council, cabinet,
of a sword, the flat side as opp. to committee. (Ar. Cf. barlzi.)
the sharp edge (makali). B. la tiso, *Barazuli, n. a dull-witted heavy
broad forehead or broad cheek (face). man, simpleton, dupe, one who is —
B. la kisu, knife blade. (Cf. ke- made a butt of by his companions.
ngee.) (Ar. Cf. mjinga, mzuzu.)
*Bara, n. See Barra. *Baridi, n.. (1) cold, coldness,
*Bara-bara, a. also Baraba, just chill, dampness ; (2) wind, air, draft

as it should be, quite right, exact, (3) coolness, refreshment, relief(from

proper, without a flaw. Ndipo mambo heat and exhaustion), comfort; (4)
yawe baraba, so all may be well. fig. coldness of manner, dullness, lack
Fetha hii ni baraba, this is the exact of interest, repelling aspect or tone.
sum. Athuuri baraba, just noon. (Thus baridi may imply both pleasant
(Hind.) and unpleasant sensations, but the
*Barafu, n. ice. Tukakuta barafu verb burudisha, &c, is always used

juu ya meza imeganda, and we found of *what has a pleasant effect.) B.

iceformed on the table. (Ar.) nyingi, high winds, or great cold.
Baragurmi,n. ( — ,and wa-),'horn' Maji ya b.,{\) cold water, opp. to
used as a musical instrument, 'trumpet, majlya moto, hot water; or (2) fresh
war-horn,' blown through a hole near water, as opp. to maji ya chtimvi (jra
the small end. (Cf. panda, pembe, bahari), salt (sea) water. (Cf. maji
siwa, for similar instruments.) ya mvua, viaji matamu, &c.) B.
*Baraji, n. rope attached to the yabis, rheumatism. Maneno ya b.,

after end of the yard-arm in a native platitudes, or chilling remarks. (Ar.

vessel, halyard. (Cf. hamarawi, and Cf. burudisha, buruda, tibaridi.)
foromali.) *Bariki, v. (1) bless, consecrate;
*Baraka, n. ( ,
—and ma-), also (2) grant wealth (favour,
prosperity,
Mbaraka {ml-), (i) a blessing, gener- &c.) to; (3) knock down to (a
ally ; (2) (special forms of blessing, bidder), accept the bid of at an auc-
such as) prosperity, progress, ad- tion. Ps. barikiwa. Ap. bank-ia,
vantage, plenty of food, abundant -iwa, give a blessing to (for, with,
harvest, &c. ; (3) a favour, gift. &c). Cs. barik-isha, Intens. load
 !

BABIZI 24 BATI
with favours. (Ar. Cf. baraka, good luck for him. (Ar. Cf.
mbaraka, taburuku, and the common mbashiri.)
name Mabruki.) *Bassi, Bass, (1) conj. very com-
*Barizi, v. (i) hold a reception, monly used as a connective in narra-
give an audience, summon a council, tives, often heading each succeeding
receive guests, sit in state (2) attend pa/agraph in a story, Well, and so,
;
'

an audience, go to a council (meeting, accordingly, and then'; (2) interj.

reception, &c.) ; (3) sit out of doors, generally expressing contentment or
sit together in a garden, &c. See resignation, It is enough, very well,
'

Baraza. Sultani anabarizi ho, the that will do but also often an order
'
;

Sultan is holding a court to-day. or decision, Stop that That's all

'
!

Twabarizi kwa Mzungu, we attend Have done with it.' (Hind. Bassi
meetings at a European's house. is one of the commonest and most
(Ar. Cf. baraza.) characteristic interjections in Swahili,
*Barra, n. or Bara, and capable of conveying very dif-
(1) 'land' in
general, as opp. to sea, b. na bahari, ferent shades of meaning according
land and sea (2) land as most known to the tone of voice and expression,
;

to Swahili, i. e. uncultivated
wild, from the highest gratification to the
country, b. tupu, b. nyeupe, bare, un- extreme of mortification and disgust.
occupied land (3) the region of the
;
In fact, a whole series of distinct
coast, b. ya Waswahili, the Swahili ideas may be conveyed by the same
coastland; and also (4) the hinter- word, e.g. at the close of a bargain
land as contr. with coast, tangu a dialogue may be heard carried on
fwani hatta b. from the coast to the
, with it alone. Bassi? (interroga-
interior. B. il asili, mainland, con- tively and doubtfully), Is that really
tinent. B. al Hindi, India. Bara- all that you can give me, your lowest
bara is used descriptively of a bare terms? Bassi (with decision),
open locality, of a broad road or Those are my final terms. Bassi
clearing. Barabarani, out in the (with reluctant resignation), Well, I
open, on the high road. (Ar. Cf. suppose I must accept it. Bassi (with
Zanzibar, i. e. Zanji-bara, negro an air of satisfaction), Very well that ;

coast.) settles the matter. Bassi (final con-

*Barua, form, note, bill,
n. written sent), Be it so Done Agreed
! ! !

ticket, letter, esp. of formal official *Bastola, n. pistol (? same word,

communications, but also generally of through Arab.).
ordinary correspondence, like waraka. *Bata, n. (ma-), a duck. B. la
(Ar. Cf. waraka, cheti, hati, and Bukini, a goose, lit. Madagascar
kibarua. ) duck. B. la mzinga, a turkey, perh.
*Baruti, n. gunpowder. (Ar. from its note. Kwenda batabata,
barud.) walk like a duck, waddle. (Ar.)
*Basbasi, n. mace, the inner husk *Batela, n. also Betela, a kind of
of nutmeg (kungu manga). (Ar. sailing vessel common at Z., smaller
for fennel ?) than bdgala, cut-water slightly curved
*Bashiri, v. (1) bring tidings, re- like a boat, square stern and usually
port news, announce (esp. of first a small quarterdeck. See Chombo.
tidings, and so) (2) tell in advance, (Ar.)
announce beforehand, predict, fore- *-bathiri, -bathirifu, a. extrava-
tell. Ps. bashiriwa. Ap. bashiria, gant, prodigal. (Ar. Cf. ubathirifu,
•iwa. Common in the expression and bat Hi, ubatili.)
Bashiri he?'i! May it be good *Bati, n. (1) tin, block tin, sheet
news ! Umbashirie heri, predict tin. Also used .of (2) corrugated
 BATILI 25 BEBA
iron sheeting {ma-'). Tia bati, tin, Bavuni, adv. loc, alongside, at
v., i.e.cover a copper vessel with tin. the side. t
See Ubavu.
Batili, v. make worthless, reduce Bawa, n. {ma-), wing of bird or
to nothing, cancel, annul, abolish, insect. Dim. kibawa. (Cf. ubawa,
treat as of no use, defy, transgress. wing-feather.)
Ps. batiliwa. Nt. batilika. Ap.batil-
Cs. batil-isha, -ishwa, &c.
*Bawaba,
(Hind. Cf.patta.)
n. ( — , and ma-), hinge.
ia, -iwa.
-batili, a. and -batilifu, worth- *Bawabu, n. (ma-), door-keeper,
less, invalid, of no use (force, or effect). house-porter, chamberlain, turnkey.
Hoja batili, a futile argument. Nikaha B. wa kifungo, gaoler. (Ar. Cf.
He batili, that marriage is null and mngoje mlango.)
void. (Ar. Cf. ubatili, and B. syn. *Bawasiri, n. piles, haemorrhoids.
tanguka, v.) (Ar.)
*Batli, n. log, in naut. sense, i; e. a -baya, a. (mbaya, with D 4 (P), D 6,
ship's record or journal. (? Hind.) baya with D 5 (S)), bad, in the widest
Batobato, n. (i) open place sense, i. e. possessing the quality of not
where dancing takes place, dancing- approving itself or being acceptable,
i
yard (more commonly kiwanja cha whether materially, morally, intel-
ngoma in Z.) ; (2) markings, coloured lectually, or aesthetically, i. e. a
;
spots or stripes, of animal or insect. quality which is offensive (in what-
Also adv. (as if batabata) of waddling, ever degree or way) to feelings,
flat-footed gait. Yule ana batobato, conscience, reason, or taste. It may
he walks flat-footed. Also kibato- therefore be rendered in a great num-
bato, with various spots (markings). ber of ways in English, e.g. painful,
(Cf. kipaku, and madoadoa.) unpleasant, inconvenient, defective,
—
Bau, n. ( , and. ma-), also Bao, ugly, erroneous, wrong, wicked.
a board, and as contr. with tibau (Cf. ubaya, -ovu, -bovu, and the opp.
(nibau), a large board ; usually of a -etna, -zuri, -zima.) These and other
board of special kind or for special words Swahili express qualities,
in
purpose, e.g. a bench or table; and the degrees and kinds of which are
also (1) a playing-board, for chess, not differentiated or clearly recog-
cards, but most commonly (2) for a nized. It is impossible, therefore,
favourite game called Bao simply, or to enumerate the rich variety of Eng-
Bao la mtaji, like a chess-board with lish words, which find their readiest
64 (sometimes 32) holes for squares, and sometimes their only mode of
and seeds or pebbles for counters. rendering in them.
Cheza bao, play the Bao game. Hence *Bayana, a. and Beyana. See
bau is also used of (3) a game, gener- Baini. (Ar.)
ally, or victory in a game. Twaliwa- *Bayini,v. and a. See Baini. (Ar.)
funga (or twaliwatid) mabau sita, *Bazazi, n. (ma-) and Mbazazi
we won six games. Tia bau, mark (wa-), trader, tradesman, shopkeeper.
a game, win ;(4) a diviner's board, (Ar. Cf. ubazazi,tajiri,mchuruzi.)
esp. bait la mchanga, a board covered Beba, v. carry on the back, as —
with sand, called also ramli (Ar. native women do their children in
for sand) and (locally) kibunzi. Piga a cloth. Ps. bebwa. Ap. beb-ea,
bau, use a divining board, take the -ewa, carry for ^in, to, &c). Cs.
omens. (Cf. ubau.) beb-esha, -eshwa, place (a child) on
*Baura, n. anchor of European the back (of the mother). Asiye
pattern and make, with two flukes na ??itoto na abebe jiwe, if any one
(makombe). Also called nanga ya has no child, let her even bring a
baura. (Cf. syn. nanga.) stone on her back.
 BEBEKA 26 BI
Bebera, n. (ma-), also Beberu, fluence, win the favour (consent) of.
(i) he-goat; (2) a strongman. (Cf. Ps. bembwa. Nt. bembeka. Ap.
mbuzi. Beberu, or beru, also means bemb-ea, -ewa, -elea, -elewa, -eleza,
an extemporized sail, made of loin- &c, usu. with Intens. force. Cha-
cloth, handkerchiefs, &c.) kula cha kubembelezea njaa, food
*Bedari, n. See Abedari. cooked to take the edge off the appe-
*Bedawi, n. (ma-), a Bedouin, tite. Amenibembeleza nimfanyizie
wanderer, outcast. Mfano wao kama kazi, he has coaxed me into making
Mabedawi, they looked like Bedouins. a job for him. Bembeleza macho,
(Ar.) put on a coaxing expression. Hence
*Bedeni, n. a kind of sailing ves- bembelezana. Cs. bemb-eza, -ezwa.
sel from Arabia — cut-water and mast (Cf. bembe, -bembe, ubembe, ube-
perpendicular, sharp stern, and high mbelezi, &c.)
rudder-head. See Chombo. (? Ar.) Bembe, n. pastry, confectionery,
*Bee, int. also Ebbe, for Lebeka, sweetmeats, esp. of a lover's presents,
which see. — n. See Bei. dainty dishes sent during Ramathan,
*Beek, int. for Lebeka, which see. &c. (Cf. bemba.)
—
Bega, n. (ma-), shoulder of man -bembe, a. enticing, coaxing,
or animal. Chukua mzigo begani wheedling, coquettish. (Cf. bemba,
(kwa bega, juu ya bega) carry a load bembe, ubembe.)
,

on the shoulder. *Bendera, n. and Bandera, (1)

—
*Behewa, n. inner court sur- flag (2) (the Arabian flag being red),
;

rounded by buildings and open to the red cotton cloth, Turkey red calico.
air, as in all large stone houses in Z. B. maradufu, red cotton drill or
(Ar.) twill. Tweka b., hoist a flag.
*Bei,n. also Bee, trade, commerce, Shusha (tua) b., lower a flag. Be-
bargain, sale, business transaction. ndera hufuatapepo, the flag goes with
Piga (pigana) bei, drive a bargain. the wind. (Ar.)
Bei hiyari, mortgage with option of Benua, v. cause to project, stick
realizing by sale. Beirehani, mort- out, bulge, protrude, put forward,
gage with right to amount of debt only. expose to view. Ps. benuliwa. Nt.
(Ar. Cf. biashara, ubazazi.) benuka, bulge, stick out, be convex.
*Beina, adv. also Baina, in the (Cf. mbinu, and syn. toa nje, tokeza.)
midst, between. Beinaya, amongst, *Bereu, n. a sticky black stuff,
between. (Ar. for more usual black paint. (? Hind.)
kati.) —
*Beti, n. ( , and ma-), (1) small
Bekua, v. keep off, ward off, pouch, pocket bag, case. B. ya
parry, strike aside, divert, receive kiasi, cartridge pouch. Mabeti kiu-
and return a ball (blow, &c), defend noni, cartridge belt round the waist
oneself, counteract. B. mainzi, keep (possibly from Eng. 'belt') (2) verse
;

off flies. B. mchele katika pishi, or couplet of a poem. Uimbo

knock off the overflowing rice in a huu una beti tat 11, this song has
full measure. Ps. bekuliwa. Nt. three verses. (Ar.)
bekulika. Ap. beku-lia, -liwa. *Betili, n. and Batili, a kind of
Cs. beku-lisha, -lishwa. Rp. be- sailing vessel from the Persian gulf-
kuana. (Cf. kinga, epa, Hilda.) long projecting prow, sharp stern,
*Belghamu, n. phlegm. (Arab, high rudder-head. (See Chombo,
for B. kohozi, or kipande cha kohozi, and dist. batela.)
i. e. expectorated matter.) *Bi, prep, by, with, in, &c.
Bemba, v. wheedle, cajole, fawn (Arab., used in a few phrases, e.g.
on, coax, caress, solicit, try to in- bi nafsiyake, by himself, and appears
 ;

BIA 27 BILATTRI
in a few words such as bilashi, bi- Majani mabichi,
fresh, green grass.
smilla.) (Contr. -bivu, and cf. ubichi.)
Bia, n. used, with various verbs, of *Bidi, v. put pressure on, make
joint action, co-operation, partnership, obligatory on, compel, oblige, esp.
association, in business or pleasure. of moral pressure, duty, honour, privi-
Fanya bia, do in common, act as a lege. Akanibidi kuleta washahidi,
company, go shares in. Changa b., and he bound me to produce wit-
make a joint contribution. Gawa b., nesses. Frequent as an impersonal
divide into shares. Safiri b., travel verb. Ikabidi, it was necessary, there
together, each paying his own ex- was an obligation. Ikambidi kukatwa
penses. Kula b., dine together at mkono, he was compelled (sentenced)
the expense of all. Numia b., pur- to have his hands cut off. Imeni-
chase jointly. (Cf. shariki, and bidi, I feel bound to. Ps. bidiwa,
contr. kikoa.) be under obligation to. Ap. bidia,
Bia, n. {ma-), a large cooking -iwa. Cs. bidisha, and Intens.
pot. (Cf. kibia.) jibidisha, take special pains. (Ar.
*Biashara, n. buying and selling, Cf. follg. and pasa, lazima, shunt-,
trade, commerce. Fanya b., engage tisha.)
in trade. B. tele, trade is brisk. *Bidii, n. effort, energy, exertion,
Mfanyi b., trader, merchant. (Ar. exercise (of strength or will), moral
bay wa shira, sale and purchase. force, willingness to work. Fa-
Cf. bet.) nya b., work hard, take pains, show
*Bibi, n. ( —
and ?na-), term of energy (interest, earnestness). Mtu
,

respectful reference and address to wa b., a man of energy, willing

women (i) in general, 'lady, my worker. (Ar. Cf. bidi, and B.
lady, Madam, Miss '; (2) used of the' syn. titendaji.)
' Mistress of a household, by or in
' *Bikari, n. pair of compasses,
reference to its members, slaves and compass for drawing. (Arab.)
others, the mistress, my mistress '
'
*Bikira, n. {ma-), a virgin. (Ar.
(3) also grandmother, and (4) used Cf. B. mwanamwali, and follg.)
of the ' wife,' by or in reference to the *Bikiri, v. deprive of virginity,
husband, more courteous than mke, deflower. Ps. bikiriwa. (Ar. Cf.
mke wangn. When there are several bikira, ttbikira.)
ladies in a household, they are dis- *Bila, prep, and Billa, without,
tinguished as bibi mkubwa, the mis- except by, apart from, with a noun, —
tress, and bibi mdogo of other ladies. or Infin. or ya. Siwezi kukaa billa
Sometimes the phrase kina bibi, the mke, I cannot remain without a wife.
lady folk, the ladies, is used with Billa yeye ktitoa fikira, without his
courteous vagueness of one or more disclosing his idea. Billa uthuru,
ladies. (Hind. Cf. Arab, sitti, without excuse. Also with ya,
rarely heard.) b. ya amri, except by order. B. ya
Bibo, n. {ma-), cashew apple, fruit kujua maana, without knowing the
of the mbibo. (Cf. mbibo, korosho, meaning. (Ar. Cf. B. syn. pa-
cashew nut.) sipo.)
-bichi, a. {mbichi with 6, 4D D *Bilashi, adv. without (getting)
(P) ), (1) not full-grown, unripe, im- anything, for nothing, in vain, gratis,
mature (2) raw, fresh, newly gath-
;
Utarudi bilashi,
gratuitously. it will
ered, e. g. of eggs, grass, meat, vege- be no use your returning. (Ar.
tables, &c. Chokaa mbichi, un- bila shai, for the commoner burre.)
slaked lime, fresh plaster. Nyama *Bilauri, n. (1) crystal, glass (2)
;

mbichi, raw flesh, underdone meat. any small drinking vessel of glass, a
 —
BILDI 28 BISHI
glass, tumbler, wine-glass. Jiwe la man. (Cf. ubingwa, and syn.
b., rock crystal. Kikombe cha b., a -stadi,waria.)
glass cup, tumbler. Lete b., bring *Bini, v. =Buni, which see. ( Ar.)
a glass. (Ar.) *Binti, n. daughter, young lady.
*Bildi, n. plummet, sounding-lead, When followed by the father's name,
i. e. lisasi ya kupimia ?naji, lead for without preposition, forms the usual
measuring (the depth of) water. Tia designation of all women in Zanzibar
b., plumb, sound. (Ar. Cf. chubwi, except of the lowest class slaves, —
timazi.) beggars, and freed slaves, e. g. binti
*Bilingani,n. (ma-), and Bili- Aii, binti Abdallah, binti Sulemani.
nganya (ma-), a dark purple vege- Not used by itself in address, except
table of the tomato kind, fruit of the in a familiar, way to young persons,
Mbilingani (which sometimes ' my daughter.' (Ar. Cf. bin, and
see),
called ' mad apple.' B. syn. mwana.)
*Bilisi, n. (ma-), devil, the devil, *Birika, n. ( —
and ma-, according
,

Satan. (Arab, for common shetani. to size), (i) large metal vessel for
Cf. ubilisi.) holding water, large kettle; (2) cis-
*Bilula, n. a tap, turncock. tern, tank, bath —
of masonry, such as
*Bima, n. insurance against loss, are found in all the better houses of
accidents, &c. Lipa b., toa b., pay Zanzibar, either for holding rain-
(effect) insurance of goods in com- water or for bathing purposes. Some-
merce. Fanya masharti ya b., draw times (3) of ordinary European bath.
up a deed of insurance. Also (Ar.)
as v., insure, effect insurance on. *Birinzi, n. a particular dish of
(Hind.) —
cooked food meat, rice, pepper, &c.
*Bin, n. son (of). (Arab, for (Cf. pilau.)
common B. mwana.)
*Binadamu, n. member of human screwdriver.
—
*Bisbis, n. ( ), and Bisibisi,
(Hind. Dist. bisi.)
race, human being, man. Hence Bisha, knock, beat,
v. (1) strike,
kibinadamu, of a human kind, human, hit against. B. mlango, knock at a
natural to man, and ubinadamu, door. B. hodi, knock and ask leave
human nature, humanity. (Ar. to enter by saying hodi,' the rule of
'
—
bin Adamu. Cf. B. mtu.) courtesy universal in Z. (2) .Oppose,
Binda, n. an Indian vegetable, resist, strive against, argue with,
—
a kind of hibiscus also known as quarrel with (3) joke, jest (cf.
;

bamia. ubishi) ; (4) (of a ship), beat, tack.

Bindo, (ma-), fold of the loin-
n. B. chombo, work a ship to windward.
cloth, used as a pocket, bag, recep- (Cf. bisho.) Ps. bishwa. Ap.
tacle for carrying things, pocket, bish-ia, -iwa, -iana. Mtu huyu
purse. Pesa largu nimelipiga b., I amenibishia hatta tumeteta, this man
have fastened my farthing in my loin- opposed me, till at last we quarrelled.
cloth. Kinga b., hold out a fold of Rp. bisk-ana, -ania, -anya. Bishana
the loin-cloth to receive something. maneno (or kwa manend), joke to-
Iliyo bindoni, what is in the pocket, gether, argue together, wrangle.
safe, secure. (Cf. pinda, tipindo, Bishanya, shake together, mix by
&c, which is pern, the same word, shaking. (Cf. bisho, -bishi, ubishi,
also uwinda, ubinda, and for ' bag, mabishano.)
bundle si.fiirushi, bakasha.)
' -bishi, a. of one who is always
Bingwa, a. clever, opposing, whether (1) goodhumour-
and -bingwa,
knowing, shrewd, capable. Fundi edly, 'joking, jesting,' or more com-
huyn vibingwa, he is a good work- monly (2) captious, argumentative,
 —
BISHO 29 BOMOA
combative, contradictory, obstinate ya makuti, thatched store-houses.
one who killa umwai7ibialo hakubali, (Cf. ghala.)
finds fault with everything you say. *Bohora, n. (ma-), also Bohra, a
(Cf. bisha, ubishi, bishop member of one of the two chief sects
Bisho, n. also Mbisho, working or divisions of Mahommedan Hindoos
to windward, beating, tacking. Upepo in Z., the other being Khoja. Each
wa b., head wind. Piga b., beat to sect has its own mosques, club, bury-
windward. (Cf. bisha, mbisho, &c.) ing ground, &c.
*Bisi, n. also Mbisi, parched *Boi, n. (ma-), house servant,
grains of Indian corn, described as personal attendant, domestic. So
mahindi yaliyokaangwa, a favourite fanya boi, be servant. Taka boi,
preparation, cried in the streets of Z. apply for service. (From Eng. boy.
as bisi moio, hot bisi. There is also Cf. ??itumishi mwandishi, and see
i

bisi la mtama, made of millet. Manowari.)

,
*Bitana,n. lining. Nguo ya bitana, *Boko, n. (??ia-), hippopotamus,
clothes made with two thicknesses of esp. of a large size, the dim. kiboko
material. (Ar. Cf. bafta, used as common name in Z.
being the
lining, and tabaka, maradufu.) Bokoboko, n. a particular dish of
*Bithaa, n. goods (for trading), cooked food (Str.) r and hence to de-
merchandise. Fetha na bithaa, cash scribe other things of a soft, jelly-like
and goods, -money and kind. consistency.
-bivu, a. (mbivu, with D 6, D 4 Boma, n. (ma-), any kind of raised
(P)), matured, ripe, well cooked, opp. structure for defensive purposes, (1)
to -bichi. E?nbe mbivu, ripe man- earthwork, outer wall, rampart,
goes. Nyama mbivu, well-done meat. mound, palisade, stockade, fence, and
(Cf. iva, tibivu, and the less common hence (2) fort, redoubt, castle. (Cf.
forms -wivu, or -ivu, uivu, but dist. bomoa, and syn. ngome, fort, and dist.
-wivu, jealous.) ua, fence of yard or garden, ukuta,
Biwi, n. (ma-), heap of plantation wall of house, partition wall.)
or garden rubbish, sweepings,, refuse, *Bomba, n. (1) pump. Bombaya
leaves. kuvuta maj'i, a pump for drawing
*Bizari, n. small seed such as water. Also used of (2) chimney of
pepper, caraway, and other condi- a steamer, or any large pipe. (? Por-
ments used in making curries. Hence tug.)
sometimes ' curry powder.' B. nene, Bombwe, n. (ma-),
cut figure,
anise. (Ar.) carved pattern,
carving, sculpture.
*Bizimu, n. a buckle, brooch, Kata mabombwe, carve figures (pat-
clasp, fastening. (Ar.) terns). (Also kibombwe (vi-). Cf.
*Bobari, carpenter's rounded
n. more usual choro, nakshi.)
chisel, gouge, also known as ngabu. Bomoa, v.
break down, break
Bofu, n. (ma-), a large bladder. make
a breach in, cause to
through,
(Also heard as variant of pofti, froth,fall down, esp. of a wall or fence, or
and -bovu, rotten. Cf. kibofu.) other artificial structure. Ps. bomo-
Boga, n. (ma-), pumpkin, gourd, lewa. Nt. bomoka, fall down, be
the plant being mboga. (Dist. mboga, broken through, collapse. Ap.
vegetables in general.) bomo-lea, -lewa. m Mtambo wa kubo-
*Boh,ari, n. ( ,
—
and ma-), store- molea, a crowbar to break down a
house, warehouse, large shop, maga- wall with. Cs. bomo-sha, -shwa.
zine, go-down, described as nyumba (Cf. boma, and poromoka, poromosha,
ya mali (ya kuwekea vitii) house for sometimes heard as pomoshd or bo-
,

goods (for storing things). Mabohari mosha, bomoka?)

 BOMU 30 BTJA
Bomu, n. (ma-), boom, sound of the kind used for rafters in East
a drum, esp. of the larger, deep- Africa. (These poles are still an
sounding kind, or of a cannon. Bo- important article of trade on the
mu la gogo, a long drum with low African and Arabian coasts. They
note. are a kind of mangrove, straight,
Bonde, n. ( — , and ma-), valley, hard, and (if kept dry) very durable,
and carry the heavy concrete ceilings
hollow between hills, low - lying
country. (Cf. Bondei, the country and roofs of all stone houses, inci-
between the Usambara hills and the dentally limiting the dimensions of
coast near Tanga and Pangani, Ger- rooms and arrangement of the whole.)
man East Africa.) *Borohoa, n. a native dish, beans,
Bonge, n. (ma-). See Donge. &c, pounded into a paste or thick
Bongo, n. (ma-), brains, marrow. broth and flavoured.
(Cf. ubongo.) Boromoka, Boromoko. See Po-
*Bonth, n. bridge, rarely heard. — romoka, &c.
(Cf. Fr. pont, and syn. daraja, ulalo.) Boronga, v. make a mess, muddle,
Bonyea, v. yield to pressure, give fuss, bungle, mix. B.kazi, do a job
way, sink in, be crushed, e.g. of soft badly (in a muddling, unworkman-
ground, ripe fruit, &c, and other like way). Sometimes Redupl. boro-
inanimate objects. Nt. bonyeka. nga-boronga. Ps. borongwa. (Cf.
Cs. bony-esha, -eza, press in, make t
follg., also buruga, vuruga.)
impression on, examine by feeling Borongo, n. muddle, mess, bungle.
and pressing. (Cf. syn. tomasa, of Kazi ya b., a badly done job.
animate objects, and bopa.) Borotangi, n. See Buratangi.
Bopa, v. (i) be soft to the touch, Boruga, v. See Buruga.
soften, feel soft, as of ripe fruit, an -bovu, a. (mbovu with D 6,D 4
abscess, &c. ; (2) sink in, become (P)), bad, chiefly of physical con-
hollow (concave). .
Ap. bopea. dition, i. e. rotten, unsound, unhealthy,
Mashavu yake yamebopea, his cheeks spoilt, decomposed, putrid. Matunda
are sunken (hollow). Cs. bop-esha, mabovu, rotten, unsound fruit. Sa-
-eshwa (and possibly bobya, bofya, cf. maki mbovu, stale fish. Hence also
apa,afya ioxapisha) press with finger,
, (2) worthless, unfit for use or service.
make impression on, feel. (Cf. Mtu mbovu, an ill-conditioned, un-
bonyea, bonyesha (which implies worthless man.
sound, (Cf. the
greater force and effect), tomasa, and more comprehensive word -baya, and
follg.) note, and the apparently cognate
Bopo, n. (ma-), soft place, mud- word -ovu, which indicates usually
hole, pit. (Kr.) bad moral condition. Mtu mwovu,
*Bora, a.of special quality (im- an evilly disposed, unprincipled, bad-
portance, or value), fine, high class, natured man. Contr. -zima, -zuri,
first-rate, excellent, good, noble, &c, -ema.)
often with implied comparison,' better, Boza, an. intoxicating prepara-
n.
the better, best.' Tumbako bora, tion of bhang. (See Bangi.) Hence
there is nothing like tobacco. Asi- perh. bozibozi, idle, dull, incapable of
kari ndume bora, magnificent fighting work. (St.)
men. (Ar. Cf. afathali, better, Bu, int. descriptive of the thud of
superior, and -ema, -zuri.) a heavy blow or fall. Anguka bu,
*Bori, n. (1) clay bowl of a tobacco fall heavily. Piga bu, give a heavy
pipe. See Kiko, Tosa. (2) Tusk of blow.
ivory. See Buri. Bua, n. (ma-), stalk, stem, of the
*Boriti, n. also Borti, pole of larger grasses, e.g. oimtama, millet,
 — —
BTJBA SI BUNDUKI
or v\uhindi, Indian corn. Used for striped, variegated objects, e. g. a
house walls, fencing, and firing. vessel painted in two or more colours,
(Cf. ubua, of smaller kinds.) a coloured wall, &c. (?Ar.)
Buba, n. a bad skin disease, of *Bulangeti, n. also Burangiti,
a persistent and contagious kind. blanket, rug. B. magongoni, blan-
Bubu, n. {ma-), a dumb person, kets at their backs,— of a soldier's kit.
mute, dumb. Sema kwa bibubu, (From the Eng.)
speak in dumb language, i. e. by signs.
Bubujika, v. bubble out, burst Also
*Buli,
b.
n. ( — , and ma-), teapot.
ya kahawa, coffee-pot,
forth in a flood. B. machozi, burst which is commonly mdila or deli.
into a flood of tears. B. ??ianeno, Bumba, —
and ma-), also
n. ( ,

come out with a torrent of words. Ptimba, lump.B. la Himbako,

*Buddi, n. escape, way out, alter- plug, or packet, of tobacco. B. la
native, means of avoiding. Seldom tidongo, clod of earth. B. la nyukit
used except with negative parts of cluster of bees, when swarming.
kuwa na, to have, in such phrases as Dim. kibumba. (Cf. bumbwi, and
hakuna b., necessarily, undoubtedly, ptimba.)
it must be so sina b.,
; I must, I can- Bumbuazi, n. utter perplexity,
not avoid it. Haina b. kuniambia helplessamazement, confusion of
habariyako, there is no escape from senses. Kupigwa {kushikwd) na b.,
telling me about yourself. Billa to be dumbfounded, to lose one's
b., inevitably, surely. Bassi mimi senses.
nina b.ya ktilia ? What Can I help ! Bumbwi, n. grain (rice, millet,
crying? (Ar. Cf. labuda. Buddi &c.) pounded and mixed up with
is sometimes heard as bundi.) grated cocoanut.
I" Buhuri, n. incense. (Arab. Cf. *Bumia, n. beam forming stern-
\ubani, uvumba, uudi, and vukiza.) post of native vessel, fastened to the
Bugu, n. {ma-), a thick kind of keel {mkuku), and carrying the rud-
withy, used as cord for binding. (Cf. der-post {fashini).
mbugu, nbugu.)
Buibui,n. ( ,zndma-), (i) spider.
Bumunda,
kind of dumpling or
— and ma-), a
n.
cake.
( ,

soft (Str.)
.

Tando la {utando wd) b., spider's

web (2) a kind of large veil, cover- to
Bundi, —
an owl.
or
n. ma-,
( according
,

bundi, as (Dist.
; size),
ing the whole worn a variant of btiddi.)
figure entirely,
by some women (Arab, Comoro, and Bundika, v. plait the hair, — used
others) in Z. when out of doors. of a simple kind of plaiting in three
Buki, n. Madagascar. Often in parts. (Cf. suka, of more elaborate
Bukini. Also -buki, a., of plaiting.)
Iloc. form,
Madagascar, cf. Mbuki, a Malagasy. *Bunduki, n. gun, musket.
rifle,
Bata la Bukini, a goose. A dis- Piga b., fire a gun. Elekeza b.,
trict of Ng'ambo in Z. is called Kwa point (aim) a gun. Piga bunduki~
Wabuki. bunduki, keep up a fusillade. Guns
Buku, n. (ma-), the very large, are described as b. ya jiwe, or ya
long-tailed rat common in town and gumegume, a flint gun b. ya mrao, ;

country, Z. {Buku is also some- a matchlock gun b.ya kushindiliwa,

;

times used of 'a book,' from the — or yafataki, a mizzle-loading gun ;

English. But cf. kitabu, chuo, msa- b. ya kuvutija, or ya kukunja, a

hafu.) sporting (hinged) gun (rifle). B.ya
Buku a, hunt out a secret, dis-
v. viasi, a breech-loading rifle. B. ya
cover, reveal. (Cf. mbukulia.) midomo miwili, or ya kasiba mbili, a
*Bulangeni, a. used of coloured, double - barrelled gun. Common
 ) ;

BUNGALA 32 BTJKUGA
trade guns are sometimes called resign, let off payment. B. mahari,
bundtiki ya kindoro, or ya makoa. not to claim a dowry. Ps. btcraiwa.
(Ar.) Ap. bura-ia, -zwa. Cs. fyuraisha.
*Bungala, n. Bengal. Used of (Ar., not common. Cf. syn. samehe,
a species of rice, and of banana. rithi.)
(Cf. mchele, ndizi.) *Buratangi, n. also Borotangi,
Bungo, n. (ma-), fruit of mbungo, Portangi, Burutangi, a toy kite of
a kind of medlar. (Cf. mbungo.) paper, Indian make, causing a whirr-
Bungu, n. (ma-), (i) fruit of ing sound. (Cf. shada.)
mbungtt, an india-rubber producing *Buri, (ma-), and Bori, ele-
n.
plant (cf. mbungu) ; (2) a large phant's tusk, tusk of ivory, larger
earthenware dish. B. la knpozea uji, than kalasha. (Cf. pembe, kalasha.
a dish to cool rice-gruel in. Dim. *Buriani, n. used of final arrange-
kibungu. (3) A
kind of caterpillar. ments, esp. on parting company, last
*Buni, v. sometimes Bini, (1) words, farewells, &c. Kuivapa ra-
construct, contrive, compose, invent, fiki yao b., to give' their friends a
make fo,r the first time (2) fabri-
;
farewell (send-off). Takana (agana)
cate, make up (what is false), imagine, &., 'exchange final farewells. (?Cf.
write fiction, &c. Ps. buniwa. Ar. burai.)
Nt. bunika. Ap. bun-ia, -iwa, *Burre, adv. (1) gratis, gratui-
-ika, -ikana. Cs. bun-isha, -ishwa, tously, for nothing, without payment
&c. B. mji, found a town. B. (2) uselessly, vainly, in vain, for no
kitabu, be the author of a book. good cause or result, idly, fruitlessly.
B, kitu kisichotambulikana, invent Kazi burre, labour for nothing, i. e.
an unheard-of contrivance. Maneno wasted, or unpaid. Tukana watu
haya ya kubuniwa, these are purely burre, abuse people without cause.
imaginary statements. Alibuni neno Also as n. maneno ya burre, idle
asilotumwa, he invented a message (frivolous, foolish) words. (Ar.
he was not charged with. (Ar. of Oman?)
Cf. zua, tunga, vumbua.) *Buruda, prayers for sick and
n.
*Buni, n #> (1) fruit of mbuni dying, Mahommedan Visitation of the
'

(which see), coffee berry, raw coffee. Sick.' Chtto cha buruda, service for
B: ya kahawa, coffee beans. B. the sick. (Arab. Cf. baridi, buru-
iliyotwangwa, pounded (ground) disha, &c, and for other services
coffee berries. (2) An ostrich. (Ar.) fatiha, hitima, soma.)
Bunju, n. a poisonous fish of the *Burudi, v. be (get) cool, be cold,
Diodon (Globe-fish) kind. but usu. in the neut. form burudika,
Bunzi, n. (ma-), a large stinging be cooled, refreshed, relieved, com-
fly,building a clay nest. forted. Ps. bwrudiwa. Ap.burztdia.
Bupu, n. (ma-). Bupu la dafu, Cs. burud-isha, -ishwa, cool, refresh,
used of the cocoanut, when full of &c. (Ar. Cf. baridi, buruda, and
milk, and just forming a soft layer of B. syn. poa, get cool.)
nutty substance in the shell. (Cf. Buruga, v. (1) stir up, mix to-
dafu.) gether, beat up together, e. g. in pre-
Bupuru, n. (ma-), an empty shell paring food ; (2) put into confusion,
(external case). B. la kichwa, skull. disorder, muddle ; (3) stir the soil,
(Ci.fuvu.) prepare a bed for planting, by hoe-
*Bura, n. a kind of Muscat cloth.
ing, removing weeds, &c. Ps.
See Nguo. burugiwa. Nt. burugika. Ap. bu-
*Burai, v. make a peaceful settle- rug-ia, -iwa. Cs. burug-isha,
ment (with, about), give up claim to, -ishwa. Rp. buruganya, stir up
 ;'

BTJRTTJI 33 CH
together, mix together. (Cf. bo- mzigo, tip a load off one's shoulders,
rortga,mburugo, and koroga, vuruga.) throw it on the ground. B. nasi,
*Buruji, n. fortress, fort, castle. throw down cocoanuts (from a tree).
(Arab. Cf. ngome, boma.) B. moyo, rest the mind, be cheered.
Burura, v. pull, haul, drag along B. uimbo, give a lead in singing.
on the ground. Ps. bururiwa. Nt. B. matukano, let off a volley of
bururika. Ap. burur-ia, -iwa. Cs. abuse. Ps. bwagwa. Nt. bwagika.
burur-isha, -ishtva, e. g. burta-isha Ap. bwag-ia, -iwa. Jibwagia moyo,
ndoo kisimani, haul a bucket up from relieve one's mind. Cs. bwag-iza,
a well. (Cf. mbururo, and syn. -aza. Jibwagaza, throw oneself down,
kokota, vuta.) sprawl on the ground.
*Busara, n. (i) good sense, prac-
tical
Bwana, n*( and ma-), used (1)
wisdom, prudence, sagacity, in reference,' master,owner, possessor
— ,

skill, &c. (2) plan, device, strata-

;
of slaves, house, plantation or other
gem. Leta b., employ a device. property, and generally 'great man,
(Ar. Cf. akili.) dignitary, worthy, personage ' ; (2) in
*Busati, n. a kind of matting, address, 'Master, Mr., Sir.' Often
made at Muscat. (Str.) bwana mkubzva, to show special
*Busha, n. gun-wad, tow (for respect, and contr. bwana mdogo of
cleaning gun or cannon). the next in rank, or inferior. Bwana
*Bushashi, n. a kind of muslin. is also used by women of and to their
(Str.). husbands, and in Z. is a common
*Bushuti, n. thick woollen stuff, designation of the Sultan as supreme.
blanket. (Ar. Prop, of Arab burn- (For the root -ana, cf. mwana,
ous, black cloaks of woollen cloth or dubwana.)
camel's hair.) Bweta, n. small box, such as a
*Bustani, n. a garden. (Ar. or desk, work-box, cash-box, jewel-case,
Pers.) &c. (?Portug. or French, or Ar.
*Busu, v. kiss.' Ps. busiwa. Nt. dim. of bet. Cf. syn. kasha, sa-
busika. Ap. bus-ia, -iwa, -tana. nduku.)
Busiana mikono, kiss each other's
hands. Cs. bus-isha, -ishwa. Rp. CH.
busana. —
n. {ma-), a kiss. (Ar.)
*Buthara, n. prodigality, lavish C
used only in combination with
is
outlay. (Arab. Cf. -bathirifu, H,
the sound of ch in
to represent
gharama, and B. syn. upotevu wa Fnglish or ty, i. e. a sound between
malt.) t and ch, as in nature.
Buu, n. {ma-), maggot, grub, CH
(1) represents the pfx. ki-
larva. B. la nyuki, bee grub. B. (which see) {a) regularly before ad-
likamea mbawa, the grub grew wings. jectives (including the Pronominal)
{Cf.jana.) and tense-signs beginning with a
Buyu, n. {ma-) fruit of the baobab vowel, e. g. kitu changu (for ki-angu),
,

tree (mbuyu, which see), calabash. my thing kisu chakata (for ki-a-kata),
;

The pith is edible, and the husk is the knife cuts ; kikao chema cho chote
used to draw water with. Hence (for ki-ema ki-o ki-ote), any good
buyu often means a native bucket, dwelling whatever ; {b) sometimes
•

pail.' before other than adjectival roots

Buzi, n. {ma-), very large goat, beginning with a vowel, e. g. chango
for usual mbuzi. Dim. kibuzi. (for ki-ango), chuo (for ki-uo),& book
Bwaga, v. throw off, throw down, chombo {ioxki'Ombo), a vessel chumba ;

relieve oneself of (as to, with). B. (for ki-umba), room in a house.

 CH- 34 CHA
In all these cases the correspond- ogopd). (2) Dawn, change to dawn,
ing plural pfx. is vy-. be morning. Kunakticha, it is dawn-
(2) Is a vulgar pronunciation of ing. Kumekucha, dawn has come.
ki often heard among the poorer Hajacha, it is not yet dawn. Killa
class and slave population of Zan- kukicha, also killa uehao,i.e. ussu-
zibar, e. g. chitu for kitu, thing chende
; buhi, every morning at dawn. Ku-
for tende, dates. kacha mwanga, and the light (of
(3) In the Zanzibar dialect often morning) dawned. Usiku na uche
represents a t or ty at Mombasa, as hima, I hope the night will soon be
chupa for tupa, bottle chungwa for
; over (turn to dawn). The Infin.
tungwa, orange; inchiioxnti, country. form kucha is regularly used as an.,
(4) Is practically often not dis- dawn, morning. Kucha kucha, just
tinguished from s/i or /, except in dawn, early morning. Also com-
words where the distinction is neces- monly, with or without zisiku, of the
sary to make the meaning clear. whole period of darkness ending with
Hence words not found under Ch dawn. Usiku kucha, all night long,
may be looked for under ki,j, t, or sh. till dawn of day. Hakulala kucha,
Words beginning with ch are with he had no sleep all night. Cf. Ps.
very few exceptions of Bantu origin. form kuchwa follg., wjth which it is
Ch-, (1) =*ki. (See prec. and Ki-); also combined, kuchwa kucha, all
(2) is the pfx. corresponding to D3 (S) day and all night. Kucha hatta
in all adjectives and tense-prefixes in kuchwa, from morning till evening.
verbs, when they begin with a vowel. (Cf. mchana,jicho, macho, i.e. yajua,
(See prec.) and for morning alfajiri, assubuhi,
'
'

Cha, prep, form of -a (which mapampazuko, weupe, and for 'rising'

see), agreeing with D 3 (S), meaning of sxmpanda, chomoza.) Ps. -chwa,
'
of.' &c, e. g. kisu cha chuma, a set (of the sun), end (of daylight). (The
knife of iron chumba cha bwana, the root idea connecting the Act. and
;

master's room and with kitu under- Ps. is not yet clear.)
; Kumekuchwa,
stood, cha kula, food cha kuogea, a it is past sunset. Mchana ulakuchwa,
;

bath. the day will come to an end. Jua

Cha, v. (also kucha in some forms. limekuchwa, the sun is setting.
For use of ku before monosyllabic Kwachwa, evening is coming on.
verb-roots, see Ku-, 1 (d).) (1) fear, Like kucha (see above) kuchwa is
be apprehensive of, reverence. Not used as a n. for whole preceding
often heard in Z. except in reference period of the day. Ktichwa, a whole
to God. Kumcha Muungu, to fear day. Nimeshinda leo k., I have
God. Ps. chewa. Jina lako lichewe, stopped all day to-day. Robo k., a
may your name be feared. (Cheka shilling a day. Pesa ya k., a day's
is usually quite a different word, wages (for which k. alone can be
which see.) Ap. chea, chelea, chele- used, e.g. k. yake ?-upia mo/a, his
wa, &c. Mchea mwana kulia, hulia wages for the one day are one rupee).
yeye, he who fears for his child's cry- Kuchwa kucha, all day and all night.
ing, will cry himself. Mchelea bahari Mchana kuchwa, all day long. Ap.
si msafiri, he who is nervous about Act. chea, chewa, chelea, chelewa,
the sea is no traveller. See also chelesha, chelewesha, &c. Jua lime-
Chelewa. Cs. chesha. Rp. chana. nichea, the sun rose while I was still
(These derived forms must be dis- indoors, I was surprised (overtaken)
tinguished from identical forms with by sunrise, I was caught in bed
different meaning, see (2) follg. (asleep), also expressed by the Ps.
Cf. -cha, uchaji, and syn. hofu, oga, form alone ni?nechewa, i.e. na jua.
 CHA 35 CHAFUA
Hence a form of respectful morn- in quantity, not much, not many,
ing greeting, not often heard in Z. slight, deficient; (2) (few, and so)
itself, Kuchewa, i. e. habari ya ku- rare, not easily got, scarce, (and so)
chewa ? How does the morning find of value. Siku chache, a few days.
you? Are you well to-day? to which Watti wachache, not many people.
the reply is simply Kuchewa, I am Akili zake chache, or mchache wa
well to-day. Hence also the common akili, he is deficient in sense. (Cf.
use of chelewa, be late, prop, of syn. haba, and kidogo.)
being belated, taken by surprise, Chachia, v. press on, hamper,
shown to be late in getting up, and perplex, involve in difficulties. Ps.
chwelewa in similar sense. See chachiwa. (Perh. same as tatia, which
Chelewa. Ap. Ps. chwea, chwe- see, and cf. syn. songa,fimga, leme.a.)
wa, chwelea, chwelewa, &c. Jua Chachu, n. substance producing
limekuchwea njiani, lala, the sun has fermentation, yeast, leaven, such as
set before your journey is over (while pombe, unga wa mtai7ia. (Cf.
you are still on the road), so lie chacha, tichachti.)
down. Tulichwelewa, we were be- Chachuka, v. (1) turn sour, fer-
lated. Cs. chana, e. g. usiku c.na- ment; (2) foam, froth. Wall time-
chana, the night is turning to day. (Cf. chachuka leo, the rice has gone sour
machwa, machweo, i.e. ya jua, and to-day. Bahari inachachuka, the sea
for ' evening, 'jioni, tisiku, tnagaribi, is frothy (yeasty, churning). (Cf.
and for 'setting' of sun, shuka, lua.) chacha, chachu')
-cha, a. fearing, having fear (awe, Chari, n. a kind of fish.
reverence), esp. of religious feeling. —
Chafu, n. ( , and ma-), also
Mcha Muungu, a God-fearing, reli- heard as Chavu, and commonly
gious, devout person. Muungu Shavu, which see.
htcmkirimu mcha wake, God is al- -chafu, a. (chafu with D 4 (P),
ways bounteous to him who fears D 5 (S), D 6), dirty, filthy, unclean,
him. (Cf. cha, v. (i), -chaji, uchaji, impure, obscene. Nguo chafu chafu,
and syn. -oga, -hofu.) very dirty clothes. Maneno machafu,
Cha, n. See Chai. obscene language. (Cf. uchafu,
Chacha, v. (i) ferment, as dough, and with milder meaning chafua,
native beer, &c.'; (2) froth, foam, uchafuko. Also syn. taka, -najisi,
form a scum; (3) turn sour, go bad, and contr. safi, -eufie, -nathifu.)
spoil, as stale food, &c. (4) fig. be
;
Chafua, v. (1) make dirty, soil,
sour in temper, cross, irritated. Ps. spoil ; (2) make in a mess, disorder,
chachwa. Nt. chachika. Ap. disarrange, disturb ; (3) of the sea,
chach-ia, -iwa, -iana. Wamechachi- make rough. Samaki amechafua
ana, they are cross with each other. maji, the fish has made the water
Cs, chach-isha,-ishzva, (1) make sour muddy. Nyumba
imechafuka, ya-
(sharp, acid) ; (2) provoke, exas- taka kufagiwa, the house is in a
perate. (Cf. chachti, chachuka. Dist. mess, it wants to be swept. Ps.
Chachia below.) chaftdiwa, Nt. chafuka. Bahari
—
Chachaga, v. wash used only of ilichafuka sana, the sea was very
washing clothes by rubbing in the rough. Mambo yamechafuka-chafzika,
hands and dabbing on a board or affairs are in uttertonfusion. Alicha-
stone. Ps. chachagwa. Nt. chagika. fuka 7?ioyo {tumbo), his stomach was
Ap. chachag-ia, -iwa. Cs. chachag- upset, he was sick. Ap. chafu-h'a,
isha, -ishzva. (Ci.fua, osha.) -iiwa. Avienichafulia nguo, he has
-chache, n. (chache with D4 (P), dirtied my
clothes for me. (Cf.
D 6), (1) few in number, small (little) uchafu, -chafu, uchafuho.)
D 2
 CHAFUO 36 CHALI
Chafuo, n. a poisonous kind of fly. of a silk dress, cf. utakaso. (Cf.
Chafya, v. sneeze. Also n. (ma-), syn. twanga, ponda, seta, vunja,
1, &c.)

e. g.piga ch., cnda ch., sneeze (the v.). -chakafu, a. U 1^

(chakafu with 4 D .

Paa akaenda chafya, che-e-e, the (P), D 5 (S), D.6), worn-out, old.
gazelle had a fit of sneezing. Nguo worn-out clothes.
ch., (Cf.
Chago, n. (i) part of bedstead on chakaa, and syn. -ktikuzi.)
which the head rests. See Kitanda. Chake, a. pron. of 3 Pers. S. agree-
(2) A kind of crab. (Cf. kaa, n.) ing with D3 of
(S), his, hers, her, its,
Chagua, v. (1) choose, select, pick him See -ake.
(her, it).
out, make a choice ; (2) of biassed or *Chaki, n. chalk, whiting, putty
partial selection, garble, give a false powder.
colour to, be unfair. Mchagua Chako, a. pron. ofPers. S.
2
jembe si mkulima, a man who is par- agreeing with D 3 (S), your, yours,
ticular about his spade is not the of you. See -ako.
man to use it. Ps. chaguliwa. Ap. Chakogea, n. (vy-), a chamber
chagu-lia, -Uwa, -lika. Cs. chagu- bath, for kitu {chombo) cha kuogea,
za, -zxva, offer choice to, give an order something (a vessel) to bathe in.
(leave, right) to choose. Rp. cha- (Cf. oga, v., and chakula, chamsha-
guana. Rd. chagua-chagua, of kinzva.)
dainty, critical selection. (Cf. -cha- Chakula, n. (vy-, sometimes
guzi, nichaguo, and syn. tezia.) zakula), something to eat, food, vic-
-chaguzi, a. given to choosing, tuals, provender, a meal, i. e. kitu
dainty, critical, &c. (Cf. prec. cha kula. Ch. cha assubuhi, break-
and syn. -tenzi, also uchaguzi.) fast, i. e. chamshakinwa. Ch. cha
*Chai, n. also Cha, and Chayi, mchana (cha athuuri), midday meal,
tea, —
plant leaf and beverage. (Hind, lunch, tiffin. Ch. cha jioni, evening
meal, dinner, supper. Htina chakula
and Ar.)
-chaji,a. having fear, apprehensive, cha kulisha mimi wala cha kula
reverential, — of a more fixed habit and wezae, you have no food to give me
characteristic than -cha. (Cf. cha, to eat or to eat yourself. (Cf. -la,
s

v., uchaji, and -cha, -oga, -kofu.) v., and makuli. )

Chaka,n. (ma-), (1) clump of trees, Chakura, v. scratch, e. g. the
dense part of a forest,described asgongo ground like a fowl. Mwana wa
la mwitu. Dim. kichaka. (2) Sum- kuku hafunzwi
kachakura, a
mer, the hot season, i. e. Dec. to Feb., chicken is not taught scratching.
but musimn, kaskazi are usual in Z. (Cf. mchakuro and chokera, and syn.
Chakaa, v. get old, get worn, flapura.)
wear out, be used up (worn, faded), Chale, n. falso pi. of uchale), (1)
—
be past work, of things and persons. cut, gash, incision, — made on purpose,
Nguo zimechakaa, the clothes are whether as mark, for ornamen-
tribal
worn out. Ap. chaka-lia, -Uwa. tal tattooing, or for medical purposes,
Cs. chaka-za, -zwa, use up, wear out. &c. Ch. zetu za kuchanjiana hazi-
(Cf. -chakafu, -kuknu, and syn. Jifa.) j'apona, our gashes for making blood-
Chakacha, v. pound, break small, friendship have not yet healed.
as seeds in a mortar. Ch. menoni, Mganga akamchanja chale thelathini
crunch with teeth. Ps. chakachwa. 11a zvembe, the doctor made thirty
Nt. chakachika, be pounded, be fit cuts on him with a razor, e. g. to
for pounding. Ap. chakach-ia, reduce inflammation. (2) A
kind of
-itva, -ika. Cs. chakach-isha, -ishzua. fish. (Cf. syn. tojo, and chanja,
Chakacha-chakacha is also used as toj'a, kata, tema.)
adv. of a rustling crackling sound, as Chali, adv. on the back, i.e. of
 CHAMA 37 CHANGA
the recumbent, supine position. Lala and propitiated as such with offer-
chali, lieon the back. Also chali- ings. {Chamchela = ki-amchela.
chali. (Cf. syn. kitani, kwa tani, Cf. kinyamkela, also kimbunga,
kwa chani, kingalingali, mgongoni, kivttmbi.)
and opp. kifulifuli, on the face.) Chamshakinwa, n. ( = kit it cha
Chama, n. club, guild, society, kuamsha kinwa), first food in the
association. Waana chama, mem- morning, morning meal, breakfast.
bers of a club. (Many such exist in (For form cf. chakula, chakuogea, and
Z., esp. among artisans of the same syn. chakula cha assubuhi.)
trade, a kind of trades union.) Chana, v. also Tana, slit, separate,
Chamba, v. wash oneself (after part, comb. Ch. miyaa, slit leaves
calls of nature), — of ordinary and also for plaiting, so ch. makuti, of cocoa-
ceremonial washing before Mahom- nut fronds. Ch. nyele, comb hair.
medan prayers. (Cf. nawa, prop, Ch. kitambaa, cut, or pull, in shreds.
of hands and face tawaza, of feet, Ch. kwa fimbo, of a severe flogging
—
;

and dist Jamba, &c.) n. (vy-), with a stick. Ps. chaniwa. Nt.
that which adheres, esp. a film over chanika. Ap. chan-ia, -iwa, -ika.
the eye. Jicho Una chamba, the eye Cs. chan-isha, -ishwa. Rd. chana-
—
has a film over it, also described as chana, cut into small bits (shreds).
kiini cheape, white pupil of the eye. (Cf. kitana, chanua, chanuo, shanuo,
{Chamba for ki-amba. Cf. ambaa, chanyata, and dist. chana. Rp. of
ambika, &c. and follg.) -cha,\\ dawn.) — n. also Tana, (1)
Chambo,n. {vy-), bait for catching a bunchlet, fruit clustre, on the great
animals, fish, &c. Ch. cha kuvulia fruit stem (mkungze) produced by the
\samaki, fish bait. Ch. cha kutegea banana plant [mgomba), the single
i
ndege, bait for luring birds. Tia fruit being dole, and the fruit generally
'
chambo katika ndoana, bait a hook. ndizi; (2) same as Chane which
Cf. shimbika. (Cf. ambaa, chamba, see). (Cf. ngomba, mkungu, tana,
n., ambika, &c.) dole, ndizi.)
Chambua, v. sometimes heard as Cbanda, n. (vy-), finger, toe,
jambna, shambua, (i) clean, dress, — at Mombasa. Kidole is almost
, pick over, prepare, esp. of appro- invariably used in Z. Chanda napete,
priate preparation of various pro-
ducts for use, cooking, market, e.g.
finger and ring, — proverb of close
connexion, coherence, affection. (Cf.
ch. pamba, clean cotton, by removing wanda.)
I the seeds, dirt, leaves ch. mbaazi, ; Chandalua, n. (^J-), awning,
beans by shelling; ch.garafuu, cloves canopy, covering, mosquito-net, of —
[
by picking off the stalks. Also used any material used for protection
(2) more generally, clean up, give a against sun, rain, insects, &c. Used
finish to, improve appearance of; with such verbs asftenga, fasten tti- ;

(3) hg- criticize, cross-examine, ex- ngika, hang up tandaza, spread out.
;

pose the faults of.

Nt. chambidika.
Ps. chamlniliwa.
Ap. chambu-lia,
—
Chans, n. ( ), also Chani, and
Chana, a slip of leaf, made by slitting
-Ihva, &c. Cs. chambu-lisha, it up finely or coarsely, for use in
-lishwa. (Cf. ambua, ambaa, chamba, plaiting mats, cord, &c. (Cf. chana,
n., &c.) and mwaa.) ~*
Chamburo, n. plate used in wire- Changa.v. collect, gather together.
drawing (Str.). Esp. ch. asikari {watu iva vita),
Chamchela, phrase pepo ya muster soldiers, levy a force.
n. in Ch.
chaznchela, (1) whirlwind; (2) spirits fetha, collect money by way of
supposed to cause the whirlwind, voluntary contribution. Kuckanga
 — ;;

-CHANGA 38 CHANGO
malt kulipa deni, to collect money spirits, is happy.
he Used of the sun
for payment of a debt. Mali ya coming out bright after cloud or rain.
kuchangizva, money collected for a Also of scenery, inchi inachangam ka,
special (or charitable) purpose. Kula the view has become bright, clear to
kwa kuchanga, hold a club-, or sub- the eye. Cs. changam'sha, -shwa,
scription-, each person con-
feast, cheer up, revive the spirits, gladden, ,

tributing. (Cf. kula bia.) Ps. exhilarate. (Cf. -follg., also antka,
changwa. Nt. changika. Ap. and syn. furahi, be happy ; chekelea,
chang-ia,-iwa, andrp. -iana, i.e. join be smiling.)
in making contributions. Cs. chang- Changam'ko, n. {ma-), entertain-
isha, -ishwa, -iza, -izana, and c hang- ment, amusement, pastime, play
anya (which see). Changizana, join anything that raises the spirits.
in getting contributions. Rp. chang- [Q{. mchezo, mazungumzo.)
ana, of volunteers mustering for war. Changanua, v. separate what is
(Except in the above and similar mixed, resolve into constituent parts,
senses, the common word iskusanya, analyse, simplify what is compound.
which see. Cf. mchango, (Cf. changa, v., changanya, &c.)
chango,
changanya, changamana, &c, and Changanya, v. (1) collect to-
perh. mchanga. Changa is some- gether, mix, form into one mass
times heard for chanja, v., which see.) (2) make in a mess, muddle, con-
-changa, a. {changa with D4 (P), fuse. Ch. tembo na maji, mix palm
D 5 (S), D 6), young, immature, wine with water. Ps. changanywa.
undeveloped, unripe, in an early stage Nt. changanyika. Ap. changany-ia,
of growth or experience, both of -iwa. Cs. changany-isha, iza, (1)
animal and plant life. Mtoto mix, adulterate; (2) cause confusion
mchanga, a young child. Kitoto in, perplex. (Cf. changa, v., chan-
kichanga, a baby, a very young child. ganua, and syn. (1) kusanya, (2) j

Embe changa, half-grown mangoes. chafica.)

Mahindi maehanga, maize not fully Changarawe, n. grit, small stones,
developed. Asikari mchanga, a raw fine gravel, bits of stone in sand or
recruit. Sometimes of things in- rice. (Not so fine as mchanga, sand
animate, assubuhi changachanga, finer than vikokoto, small stones.
very early morning. (Cf. syn. With termination -we, cf. Jiwe-,
-bichi, -changa, denoting esp. stage mbwe.)
of growth, -bichi, fitness for use, and Chango, n. {ma-), (1) contribu-
contr. -pevu, -zima, -bivu.) tion, subscription, esp. of money or •

Changamana,v. also Tangamana, food, for a common object. Ch. la

be in a mixed-up condition, often niche le, a contribution of rice. Killa
with na, (1) be mixed up with (2) ; nyumba every house
ilete ch., let
meddle, interfere in (3) be adjoining
;
bring a contribution (for a sacrifice) ;

(bordering on, next to). Shamba (2) levy, muster. Ch. la watu, \

limechangamana na pwani, the es- wachanganao kwenda vitani, a mus-

tate is adjacent to the shore. (Cf. ter of men, who muster together to
changa, changanya, and -/nana.) go to war. (Cf. changa, v., and
-changam'fu, a. agreeable, en- notes also mchango.)
;
n. plur. of —
livening, good-humoured, cheerful. uchango, which see, (1) smaller in-
(Cf. follg.) testines ; also (2) (sing, and plur.)
Changam'ka, v. become cheerful, chango za tumbo, round intestinal
look bright and happy, be in good worms. Also chango {ma-) in simi-
spirits, be in a buoyant mood. Ame- lar sense ; ch. la uzazi, the umbilical
changam'ka, he has recovered his cord. —n . ivy-) = ki-ango, i.e.kidude
 CHANGU 30 CHAPA
kuangikia vitu, something to hang
c/ita a &c.
fire, Ch.ya chuma, a grid-
things on (from), i.e. peg, rail, hook, iron. Ch. ya kuanikia nyama mo-
&c. Akaenda changoni akauangua shim, a frame for drying meat on in
upanga, and he went to the peg, and the smoke. Ingia nyumbani hatta
took down the sword. (Cf. angika, mvungtmi hatta juu ya ch., go inside
—
angua, and note, also mwango.) the house, and look even under the
Changu, n. a small kind of fish, bed and even on the store-shelf.
common in Z. market. — a. pron. *Chanjari, adv. See Sanjari, and
of i Pers. S., agreeing with D
3 (S), Vinjari. (? Ar.)
my, mine, of me. (Cf. angu, -ake.) Chanjo, n. {ma-), gash, cut, in-
Changua, take to pieces, dis-
v. cision. Piga chanjo la mti, make a
connect, —
used of dismembering and cut in a tree. (Cf. chanja, mchanjo,
cutting up animals for food. (Rv. also syn. chale, tojo.)
form of changa, which see.) Chano, n. (vy-), flat round wooden
Chani, adv. also Tani, on the back platter, with a low rim. Sometimes
(in a recumbent position). Lala chani, with a stand in one piece, forming a
lie on the back. Also chanichani. low table. Used as (1) plate for food,
(Cf. chali, and dist. chane, chan.:.) chano wanachotia chakula, a platter
Chanikiwiti, a. green, grass green. on which they place food ; ( 2 ) a board
(Perh. from ki-(j)ani kiwiti, for for carrying mortar on ; (3) a wash-
kibichi, i.e. fresh grass (leaves), and ing-table.
so of colour. Cf. syn. rangi ya Chanua, v. (1) put out leaves (of
majani, grass-colour.) plants generally). (Cf. chiptika.) (2)
Chanja, v. also sometimes changa, Kw.oi chana, comb (with similar mean-
and shanga, ?chenja, (1) cut into, ing), uncomb, comb out. (Cf. follg.)
:;;: make a cut (incision, gash) in. Ch. Chanuo, n. (//w-) and Shanuo, a
uchale, make an incision (with knife, large comb, often of wood, with long
razor, lancet). Ch. mti, make cuts coarse teeth, but neatly carved. (Cf.
in a tree (whether to obtain sap or kitana, comb of a smaller kind.)
remove bark). Mzichanje tuzikatishe Chanyata, v. slice up (of bananas,
hizi nya?na, slice up this flesh, so that cassavas, and various kinds of food).
we may dry it. (2) Cut up, split in (Cf. chana, v. and n., and ?nchanyato.)
pieces, make by cutting up. Ch. kuni, Chanzo, n. (vy-), (0 the
split logs for firewood. Ps. chanjwa. beginning of something, a start, a
•

Nt. chanjika. Ap. chanj-ia, -iwa. first step ; (2) a first principle,
Ktichanjiiva ndui, be vaccinated. ground, reason (3) draught, outline,
;

Chanjiana, make incisions together, sketch. Chanzo cha maii, capital.

i.e. in making blood-friendship. Cs. Cf. ras il malt. (For kianzo, cf. anza,
chanj-isha, -ishwa, &c. Rp. chanj- and the more general mwanzo.)
ana, -anisha, &c. (Cf. chenga, and Chao, a. pron. of 3 Pers. P. agree-
syn. pasua, tema, kata, toja, and follg. ing with D3 (S), their, theirs, of them.
chanjo. mchanjo.) —n. used (not and -ake.)
(Cf. -ao,
often in Z.) of many objects made of Chapa, v. beat, hit, strike, — for the
wicker-work, interwoven twigs, osiers, more common piga). Ntaku chapa
wattles, r e. g. a screen, a kind of hurdle, kwa ujitOy I will strike you with a stick.
a crib for holding an animal's food, a Chapa miguu, stamp on the ground,
kind of sieve or strainer, a wicker tramp, walk heavily. (Cf. chapa,
:

stand for storing grain safely in a follg., chapua, and chapu.) n. —

house, an arbour or shelter made of (1) stroke, blow, but esp. (2) of the
interlacing branches, summer-house, result of a blow, stamp, mark,
a frame for smoking meat on over and hence used of various objects,
 !

CHAPEO 40 CHELEZA
e. g. postage stamp, stencil, printer's Chege, n. {ma-), bow-leg, bandy-
type. Akawapiga killa mtu ch. leg. Ana chege la miguu, ana
mkononi, he branded each man on machege, he is bandy-legged. Hence
the arm. Pipa limeandikwa ch., the perh. chegea, walk awkwardly, in a
cask has a mark on it. Piga ch. lame way (Str.). —
a. moist, watery,
kitabu, print a book. (Cf. prec.) e. g. muhogo mchege, i. e. not dry and
Chapeo, n. hat (of a European floury. (Not often in Z. Cf. chepe-
kind), helmet. (Cf. French chapeau, chepe.)
and kofia.) Chego, n. {ma-), also Jego, molar
Chapua, v. give a blow (to), strike tooth, back tooth, grinder. {Qi.jino,
(with). Chapua miguu, stamp, tramp, and kichego.)
walk quickly. Chapua (and also the Cheka, v. (1) laugh, smile, grin;
Cs. Intens. form chapuliza) ngotna, (2) laugh at, mock, ridicule. Tulim-
beat hard on (get more sound out of) cheka sana, we laughed at him
a drum. (Rv. of Chapa, v., but heartily. Ps. chekwa. Nt. chekeka.
with similar meaning.) Ap. chek-ea, -ewa, also chek-elea,
Chapu-chapu, adv. and int. Quick ,
-elewa, smile, smile at. Cs. chek-
Make haste! Hurry up! Chapu-chapu esha, -eshwa, chesha, cause to laugh,
ni mwendo wa haraka, chap-chap '
'
amuse, excite ridicule (amazement).
means 'quick march.' (Cf. chapa.) Rp. chekana. (Cf. cheka, -cheshi,
Chapuo, n. (vy-), a small kind of cheza, mchezo.)
drum. (Cf. chapua, chapa, and see Cheko, n. {ma-), a laugh, laughter.
Ngoma.) Piga macheko makubwa, utter roars
Charaza, v. sometimes used for (i) of laughter. (Cf. cheka, &c.)
c
play, dance, play on an instrument'; Chelea, v. Ap. from (1) -cha
also (2) go a stroll, strut or saunter (which see), set (of the sun).
'
Jua
about the town,' but not usual in Z. linatuchelea, we are caught by sun-
Chatu, n. a large snake rather com- set, belated (2) -cha, fear. Nam- ;

mon in Z., growing to over 12 feet in ya Sultani, he inspires

chelea zaidi
length, — python, boa-constrictor.
Chavu, n. {ma-). See Shavu, n.
more awe in me than the Sultan does.
(Cf. follg. and chelewa, cheleza.)
Chawa, n. (1) a louse.; (2) a kind Cheleo, n. {ma-), (1) delay; (2)
offish. Kidoh kimoja hakivunji ch., object of fear. See Chelea, Che-
a single finger does not kill a louse. lewa.
*Chayi, n. tea. See Cha, Chai. Chelewa, v. be late, be too late,
Chaza, n. an oyster. remain an unusual or unexpected
Chazo, n. a sucker fish. time. Sikukawia wala sikuchelewa,
—
Cheche,n. (1) ( ) a small reddish- I did not delay and I was not late.
brown animal like a mungoos, com- Ukuni huu umechelewa moto sana,
mon in Z. (2) {ma-), a spark. (Cf.
; wood has kept hot a
this stick of
kimetimeti.) wonderful time. Maji yachelewa
Chechea, v. be lame, walk lamely. kisimani, there is still water left in
(Cf. chechemea, and chopi.) the well. (See -cha and Chelea, of
Chechele, n. absence of mind, an sunset, of which it is apparently
absent-minded person. Chukuliwa the Ap. Ps. form, the idea of over- —
na chechele, have a fit of absence. sleeping, and being overtaken by
Chechemea, v. be lame. (Cf. dawn generalized to mean 'late-
chechea, chopi.) ness' of any kind, and 'overlong re-
Chechesha, v. dandle, fondle, at- maining.' Cf. cheleo, cheleza, and for
tend to, play with a child, help an delay, lateness, kawia, ukawa, tisiri.)
invalid. Cheleza, v. cause to remain till
 —
CHELEZO 41 CHEREHANA
morning (i.e. all night), and so Chenezo, n. (vy-), a measure,
cause to unusual time,
remain an measuring-rod (line), anything to
keep (preserve, leave) for a purpose. measure with of cloth,
(stick, strip
Wakamcheleza mtoto shimoni, they string, grass, &c). Described as
let the child remain in the pit (for kidude cha knenezca kitu, a thing
safety). chelezwa.
Ps. Ap. che- for measuring anything. (For ki-
lez-ea, Nimekachclezea wali
-ewa. enezo, cf. chelezo, and enea, and syn.
halta alfajiri, I have left rice ready cheo, kipimo.)
for you in the morning, i. e. saved it Ch.en.ga, v. cut, esp. of the lighter
from the evening meal. Cs. che- operations of cutting, e. g. brushwood
lez-esha, -eshtva, cause to put aside, for firing or fencing, stalks of ripe
preserve, &c. (Cf. -cha, chelea, grain, ripe heads of grain, bunches of
chelewa, &c.) grapes, &c. Ps. chengwa. Ap.
Chelezo, n. {vy-), (i) a buoy, life- cheng-ea, -cwa. (Cf. chanja,pasua,
buoy, anchor buoy, described as ki- kata, &c, mchengo.)
gogo kieleacho kuonyesha nanga, a Chenga, n. (— ), name of a large
floating log of wood showing where fish, ? skate, sunfish.
the anchor is; (2) fisherman's Loat, Chenge, n. {vy-), for kienge, dim.
to support net or line. (From of mwenge (which see).
elea, and cf. ki-elezo with a different Chenge -chenge, n. small bits,
meaning.) (3) Something causing de- chips, snippings. (Cf. chenga, and
lay (cf. cheleo, chelewa, &c). chembe-chembe.)
Ch.em.be, n. a grain, a single Chenu, a. pron. of 2 Pers. P.,
grain, a minute separate part of a agreeing with D
3 (S), your, yours,
thing, a single small thing, e. g. —
of you. (Cf. -ake, and -enu.)
a grain of sand (mchanga), of corn Chenza, n. (ma-), a large kind of
(nafaka), of incense (tibani), a seed, Mandarin orange, fruit of the mchenza.
a bead ( = ushanga mmojd). Chembe Some are red or blood oranges. The
chembe, in grains, grain by grain, best are called chenza za kiajjemi,
granular. Chembe is sometimes i. e. Persian, and a small kind kangaja.
heard with the meaning 'arrow-head, (Cf. mchenza, mchnngwa, kangaja?)
spear-head,' i. e. ki-embe (cf. wetnbe Cheo, n. {vy-), (1) measure, mea-
and perh. jembe for ji-embe). Also surement, dimensions, size (2) rank, ;

chembe ya moyo, the place where the degree, station. 7oa ch., fix the size.
throb of the heart is felt, pit of Ch. cha kuanzia kitako cha kikapo,
the stomach. (Cf. syn. ptwj'e, also measurement for beginning the bot-
kichembe.) tom of the basket, and so settling —
Chembeu, n. (vy-), a kind of the size. Kupita ch., beyond mea-
blunt chisel used for caulking. sure, excessively. Hana ch., he is an
Chemchemi,n. a spring (of water). ill-bred (low-born) person. Ch.
(Cf. chem'ka, or ?Ar. zamzam.) bora (kikubwa), high rank. (Cf. syn.
Chem'ka,v. and Chemuka, bubble, chenezo, kipimo also daraja, rank.) ;

and so of hot water, boil. Maziwa Chepe chepe, a. wet, soaked,

yachemka kwa kupata moto sana, soppy, moist. (Cf. maji maji,
milk bubbles up when it gets very rutuba, Iowa, loweka.)
hot. Mayai ya knchenika, boiled *Cherehana, *. used generally
e £g s - Cs. chem-sha, -shwa, cause of small foreign machines in Z.,
to boil, boil. esp. sewing machines, which are
Chemko, n. boiling, bubbling, common. Ch. ya kztshona, a sewing
also mchemko, uchemko. (Cf. prec.) machine. Kaziyach., machine sewing.
Cheneo, n. See Kieneo. (Cf. Pers. karhana, manufactory.)
 — ;

CTT E B TiTT HI 42 CHIMBUKA

*Cherehe, Cheree, n. a grind- it has been scraped or grated out
stone. (Cf. kinoo, and prec) with an mbuzi, and the oil (Jut)
Chetezo,n. (z^-), a vessel to burn strained out by passing water through
incense in, often of earthenware, it. It is generally considered refuse,
described as kidude cha kuvukizia used for cleaning the hands with,
manukato, something to burn sweet and thrown to the fowls. Described
smelling substances in, a censer, as nazi iliyokunwa, iliyoka?Jiuliwa,
censing-pot. (For ki-etezo, or 1 ki- iliyochujiwa, i. e. cocoanut grated,
otezo,ci. ota,otesha, of crouching over squeezed and strained. Also used
a fire or anything warm. Cf. vukiza, of the residuum or lees of other
kivukizo.) oil-producing seeds. (Dist. mchi-
*Cheti, n. ivy-), small written cha, a vegetable, and cf. tui, kasi-
note or memorandum, note, certifi- mele.)
cate, ticket, passport, &c. (? Hind. Chichiri, n. (vi-), commonly
Cf. hati, barua.) kijiri, a bribe, i. e. mali ya kumpa
Chetu, a. pron. of I Pers. P., kathi, money given to a judge (to
agreeing with D 3 (S), our, ours, of secure his verdict). (Cf. rushzua,
us. (Cf. -etu, and -ake.) hongo, mlungula.)
Cheua, v. ruminate, chew the Chigi, n. or Chinki, a small
cud (of ruminant animals). Nt. yellow bird.
cheuka, have a rising in the throat. Chikichi, n. (ma-), fruit of the
Cs. cheusha, e. g. cause eructation. palm-oil tree (mchikichi), containing
(Cheu, and mcheu, n. seem to be small nuts called kichikichi.
used also of rumination and eructa- Chimba, v. dig, make (get) by
tion. Cf. kiungulia.) digging,— of excavation, not els lima,
'
Chewa, n. a large kind of fish. of cultivation. Ch. shimo, dig a pit,
Cheza, v. (1) play, sport, take sink a shaft (mine), make a hole.
a holiday, have a game, make a move Ch. kaburi, dig a grave. Ch. udongo,
in a game ; (2) idle, waste time, not dig out soil. Ps. chimbwa. Nt.
be in earnest, trifle; (3) act, work, chimbika. Ap. <chimb-ia, -iwa.
—
move, esp. of the easy motion of Mto huu umechimbiwa na Wafransa t

machine running well, or a hinge, this canal was excavated by the

bolt, wheel, watch, &c. (4) drill, French.
;
Cs. chimb-isha, -ishwa.
be drilled (as soldiers). Ps. chezwa. (Cf. chimbua, chimbuka, chimba.
Nt. chezeka. Ap. chez-ea, -etva, Also cf.fukua, lima.)
play with (in, for, &c), make sport —
Chimbo, n. ( , and ma-), digging
of, mock. Kidude cha kuchezea place, place dug out, a digging, pit,
watoto, a child's plaything, a toy. mine. Ch. ya mawe, quarry. Ch.
Cs. chez-esha, -eshwa, give a holiday ya udongo, clay-pit. (Cf. prec.)
(rest) to. Chezesha unyago, cause to Chimbua, v. dig out, dig up, get
take part in unyago (which see). by digging, as udongo, clay, soil
Chezesha frasi, make a horse curvet ttnga, flour (out of a barrel) magogo, ;

(prance). Ch. mtoto, dandle a child. stumps, &c. Nt. chimbuka, which
Rd. cheza-cheza. Likachezacheza lile see. (Rv. of chimba, but similar
jabali, and the rock swayed. (Cf. in result. Cf. chanua, chana.)
mchezo, chezo, and perh. cheka. Also Chimbuka, v. used esp.. of sun
of pastime, ongea, zungumza.) or moon, ' appear, begin to shine,
Chezo, n. {ma-), sport, game, rise,' whether from horizon or from
play, pastime. (Cf. cheza, mchezo.) clouds. Also chimbuza, Intens. in
Chicha, n. the white nutty sub- same sense, force its way out, make
stance inside a ripe cocoanut, when its appearance. (Cf. chimbua^
 ) ;,

CHIMBUKO 43 CHOKA
—
chimba, if thus used, as it seems, Chinyango, n. a piece of meat
metaphorically. Also follg.) forming a native butcher's perquisite.
Chimbuko, n. {ma-), a first start, (Perh. ki-nyango. Cf. change)
a beginning, standpoint, basis, source, Chipuka, v. also Chupuka,
first principle. (Cf. syn. chanzo, sprout, shoot, spring up, of any —
asili. plant showing signs of life and
Chimvi, See Timvi.
n. growth. Ap. chipuk-ia. Cs.
Chini, adv. (i) down, below, be- chipukisha, chiptiza, and Intens.
neath, under, at the bottom, on the sprout vigorously. (Cf. follg., and
ground, downstairs, underground syn. ota, mea, chanua.)
(2) in a lower place, on foot, at Chipukizi,
Chipuko,
n. ( —
young
, and ma-), also
a lower part (3) in a low (in-
;
shoot, Dim.
plant.
ferior, subject,humble) state (rank, kichipukizi. (Cf. chipuka, and syn.
condition, &c). Often kwa chini in niche?)
same senses. ~a chini forms an ad- Chiririka, v. also Tiririka and
jectivebearing any of the above Chururika, flow, trickle, run off,
meanings. Yuko ch., he is down- glide, —
as water, or a snake. (Cf.
stairs. Lala on the ground.
ch., lie mchilizi, and tiririka, churuzika,
Wangine wanakwenda ch.,- wangine syn. chuza.)
juu ya nyama, some go on foot, -chirizi, a., machozi
machirizi,
some ride on animals. Kitambi cha trickling tears. (Cf. churuzika?)
kuvaa ch., a cloth to wear on the Ch.o, -cho, -cho-,a. relat. agreeing
loins. Njia ya ch., a subterranean with D3 (S), i. e. ki-o, which. (For
passage. Chumba cha ch., the lower relat. see -o.)
room, or a cellar. Ch. ya Sultani, Choa, n. (vy-), mark or dis-
in the Sultan's jurisdiction. Chini coloration of skin —
whether (1) by
kwa chini, emphat., at the very bot- disease, ringworm, &c, or (2) arti-
tom, wholly below, &c. {-ni appears ficial — beauty spot. Choa cheusi,
to be locative, i. e. chini, on the black (beauty) spot.
ground. Cf. inchi, and opp. Juu.) Chocha, v. poke, prod, stir up,
Chinja, v. (1) slaughter, cut the e. g. an animal in a hole. Ap.
throat of, kill, — esp.
of killing ani- choch-ea, -ewa, -elea, -ekwa, elezea,
mals for food (2) of brutal indiscrim-
;
-elezewa, poke at, stir up, as a fire
inate killing of persons, massacre, — or lamp. Chochea kwa kijiti tttambi
slaughter, murder. Alimch'inja adui wa taa, poke at the wick of a lamp
he slaughtered his opponent. (It with a bit of stick. Chtima cha
seems sometimes locally used as kata, kuchochelea moto, a poker. Also
i. e. cut. Ktichinja kanzti, to cut in fig. sense, stir up, excite, provoke.
out a dress.) Ps. chinjwa. Nt. Alimchochelezea maneno ya fitina, he
chinjika. Ap. chinj-ia, -iwa. Cs. stirred up discord against him. Cf.
chinj-isha, -ishwa. Rp. chinjana. vumbilia. (Cf. mchocho, mchocheo,
(Cf. chinjo. Same word appears at kichocho.)
Mombasa as matindo,
tinda, also Chochoro, n. (ma-), alley, pas-
and poss. in Z. in tindika, and mtindo. sage, esp. of narrow passages between
For syn. cf. ua,fisha, also chanja.) houses in a native town. (Cf. the
Chinjo, n. (act, place, operation commoner mchodioro, kichochoro.)
of) slaughtering, slaughter-house, Choka, v. become tired, get weary,
massacre, battlefield. (Cf. chinja.) be fatigued (worn out, overdone).
Chinusi, n. a kind of spirit, sup- Nimechoka, I am tired. With noun
posed to drag people under water of things, ch. njia (jtia, kazi, &c.),
and drown them, swimmer's cramp. be tired of travelling (weary with the
 '

CHOKAA 44 CHOMBO
heat, worn out by work). Ch. na -elea, -elewa. Chomea majani mfu-
mtu, be weary of a person's company. koni, stuff grass into a bag. Chome-
Ap. chok-ea, -ewa, chokeana. Cs. lea, stick pieces into, e. g. of repairing
chosha,choke-za,choke-sha, -shwa. Rp. clothes by patches, a roof with new
chokana, e. g. all be weary together. thatch, and in masonry of bringing a
Chokaa, n. (i) lime; (2) white rough wall to a surface with mortar
plaster (3) mortar, i. e. in Z. a and small stones. ( Cf. tomea, mtomo.)
;

mixture of lime with sand and red Cs. chom-esha, -eshwa, e. g. chomesha
earth. Lime is also used for chewing mbtva, set a dog on, make him angry.
with tobacco. See Tambuu. (Cf. chomo, mchomo, chomeo, chomoa,
Chokea, n. a sty (in the eye). chomoza, also mtomo, tomea, &c, in
Choki-choki, n. fruit of the mchoki- which / represents ty, ch.)
—
choki with a deep-red prickly rind, Chombo, n. (vy-), (1) implement,
sweet white pulp, and large stone. instrument, utensil, tool, piece of
See Mehokiehoki. furniture, movable, of any kind or
Choko, vyoko, also Choeho, description.
n. Vyombo includes all
oven. Joko, cf. oka.)
(See personal belongings, chattels, house-
Chokora, v. and Cbokoa, pick hold apparatus, baggage. Chombo
at, poke, esp. of working at a hard cha kufanyia kazi, an instrument to
substance with a pointed instrument, work with. Vyombo vya seramala, a
knife, or finger, e. g. clear out a hole, carpenter's tools. Chukua vyombo
take up weeds. Ch. meno, clean vyangu ndani, carry my things in-
the teeth (with a toothpick). See doors. (2) A cooking pot being the
Msuaki. Ps. chokolewa.
'
Ap. most universal and necessary utensil,
choko-lea, -lewa, kijiti cha hucho- Chombo, by itself, commonly refers
kolea meno, a toothpick. ? Cs. to a vessel for containing something,
chokoza, which see. (Cf. chocha, 'pot, pan, jug, jar, cup,' but still more
mchokoo, chokoza, and chakura.) universally in Z. means (3) a native
'

— n. (ina-), dependent, follower, sailing vessel, a dhow.' In this sense

hanger-on. it includes a number of varieties, e.g.

Chokoza, v. tease, bully, annoy, mtepe, betela, batili, bdgala, bedeni,

vex. Ps. chokozwa. Ap. chokoz-ea, awesia, ghangi, but is distinguished
-ewa. (Cf. chokora, and syn. stimbua, from others of a smaller size, e.g.dazi,
tesa, tit hi.) mtumbwi, galawa, mashua all of —
Chole, n. a kind of bird, ? a jay. which may also carry sails, and from
Choma, (1) pierce, stab, prick,
v. those of European build, commonly
thrust (something into) ; (2) apply called vierikebu, jahazi, meli, mano-
fire to, cook, set on fire, burn, brand, wari, &c. (All coast and foreign
cauterize; (3) hurt the feelings (of), trade being formerly carried on in
provoke, give pain to, excite. Ch. these vessels, the dhow was at once
mtu kisu, stab a man with a knife. the most remarkable ' instrument
Ch. moto, apply fire. Ch. nywnba and also ' containing vessel ' known
moto (or, kzva moid), set a house on to the natives, whence prob. the use
fire. Ch. samaki, harpoon a fish. of chombo as its name. Hence also
Ch. mkuki, run a spear into. Ps. many of the words connected with
chomwa. Nt. chomeka, i. e. be the dhow and its parts are of non-
pierced (burnt, hurt, &c), but also Bantu origin'.) Panda (ingia) chom-
Act., e. g. chomeka mkuki, stick a boni, go on board (embark in) a
spear in the ground. Chomeka kisu vessel. Shuka chomboni, land, go
kiunoni, stick a knife into the waist- ashore, disembark. (Cf. jombo,
band (girdle). Ap. chom-ea, -eana, and syn. as above, also chungu.)
 ,

CHOMEO 45 CHOO
Chomeo, n. (ma-), gridiron, toast- also common in (2) fig. sense, tell
ing-fork, or other similar instrument tales about, inform against, betray,
for cooking, anything used for prick- complain of, accuse (esp. unkindly or
ing or piercing. (Cf. c/ioma.) falsely), slander, discredit, and still
Chomo, n. (i) a burn, stab, prick, more emphatically chongelea and In-
&c. (Cf. mckomo.) (2) Burnt stuff, tens. chongclcza.Anienichongca kwa
dross, slag. Ch. la chuma, iron slag, maneno mabaya kwa wali, he dis-
refuse of smelting furnace. (Cf. credited me with a shameful story to
choma.) the governor. Mtu huchongewa na
Chomoa, v. draw out, take out, ulimi wake, a man is betrayed by
expose, bring to light. Ch. mkuki, his own tongue. Cs. chong-esha,
take out a spear from a wounded -eza, -ezwa. Rp. chongana. (Cf.
animal. Ch. mwiba, extract a thorn. chongo, mchongo, chonge, chonjo,
Ch. kisu, unsheathe (draw, draw out) uchongezi, chonge lezo, chongoa also —
a knife. (Rv. form of choma. Cf. —
chanja, chenga, chinja all referring
omoa, chotnoza.) to cutting.)
c* Chomoza, v. (r) make a way out, Chonge, n. also ? chongole, a canine
come out, appear, stick out. A'ltca (pointed) tooth, cuspid. Chotige za
yanachomoza, the flowers are begin- fneno, teeth filed to a point. (Cf.
ning to appear. Kas inachomoza, chonga, with pass, termination -e,
the cape juts out (comes into sight). and for teeth, jino.)
Esp. of the sun, jua li??iachomoza Chongelezo, n. (ma-), what is
the sun bursts out. Hence (2) of the told to a person's discredit or dis-
sun, ' be hot, scorch ' (as if choma). advantage, —
tales, unkind gossip,
(Intens. form of chomoa. Cf. choma.) scandal, &c. (Cf. chonga, zicho-
Chonga. v. cut to a shape, shape ngezi, &c.)
with a cutting instrument, whence a Chongo, n. absence of one eye,
variety of meanings according to the loss of an eye. Mwenyi chongo, a
instrument used and shape produced, one-eyed person. Ana chongo, he has
1
hack, chip, bevel, dress, square, point, lost an eye. (Cf. ? chonga.)
smooth, carve, &c.' Chonga mti )
Chongoa, v. (1) cut to a shape,
trim (dress, square) a tree, ready for round off, cut to an angle (point),
cutting into planks. Ch. boriti, trim bring to a point, sharpen, point; (2)
(square) a pole (for a rafter). Ch. be of a pointed shape, be angular, be
kijiti, cut a stick to a point. Ch. jagged. Ch. kikango, round off a
kala?na, point a pen, make a pen. cooking pot. Nt. chongoka, be sharp,
Ch. mtumbwi, cut out a canoe. jagged, e. g. of craggy, precipitous
Also, ch. maneno. invent (add to, rocks. J? as imech. kama sindano, the
modify) a story. Ch. sananm, cut cape is as sharp as a needle. (Rv.
out figures. Ch. mawe, dress stones. form of chonga, with similar meaning.
Akachonga mvinje sura kama bin Cf. choma, chomoa.)
Adamzi, and he roughly carved the Chongoe, n. (vy-), a large kind
log of cassiorina into a human figure. of fish.
Mti lililochongiua ncha kama mkuki, Choo, n. (vy-), privy, water-closet,
a piece of wood which was cut to cess-pit, i.e. in Z. a circular pit, lined
a point, like a spear. Ps. chongwa. with stone at thg sides, and closing
Nt. chongeka. Ap. chong-ea, -ewa, gradually into a small aperture over
-eana, (1) cut with (for, in, &c). the centre. Usually connected with
Chongea panda la mnazi, cut a piece the bath-room in large houses. Enda
off the flower-stem of a cocoanut chooni, go to the closet, go to stool.
tree, to increase the flow of sap. But Wakampeleka chooni wakamwogesha,
 CHOOKO 46 CHOYO
they conducted him to a closet and D 5 (S), D 6), tiresome, tiring. (Cf.
gave him a bath. Also used (i) of choka, -chovu.)
the action of the bowels, &c. Fata Chosho, n. and* Josho, for ki-osho,
ch., have a motion of the bowels. ji-osho, washing, place for washing,
Funga ch., be constipated, have an bathing-place. Mahali pa choshoni,
obstruction of the bowels. Ch. safi, place for washing, e. g. of corpses, or
free action of the bowels. Ch. ki- clothes. (Cf. oga, osha, and ftia,
kubwa is used of solid, ch. kidogo fuo.)
of liquid motions (2) of (solid)
;
Chosi, n. and Chozi, includes two
excreta. Haifai kutia mkojo ao species of birds, one very fond of
choo katika maji, it is a mistake fresh cocoanut sap, tembo, a Necta- —
to put the excreta of either kind in rinia (Sa.).
water. Chota, v. take up a little of, take
Chooko, n. See Choroko. a pinch of, take up by bits (pieces),
Chopa, n. {ma-), handful, of what pick up with the fingers. Ch. maji,
can be gathered and held in the fetch a little water at a time. Ch.
fingers, as sticks, ropes, bits of wood, kuni, fetch firewood. Ps. chotwa.
&c. (Cf. konzi, n., and chopoa. Cf. Nt. choteka. Ap. chot-ea, -ewa.
chopa, trade in a small way, hawk
v., Kazi yake kumchotea maji mwalimu,
goods about the country, not used — his duty was to supply his teacher
in Z. Cf. syn. churviza.) with water. Cs. chot-esha, -eshwa.
Chopi, adv., enda chopi, be lame (Cf. choto, mchoto, and danga, dona,
on one side, walk lamely. donoa, also chopa.)
Chopoa, v. snatch from the hand, Choto, n. a small part (piece, bit,
take away suddenly, seize by surprise, quantity, amount, a scrap, a pinch).
pluck away, filch. Ps. chopolewa. (Cf. chota, mchoto?)
Nt. chopoka (and a variant chupuka, -chovu, a. {chovu with D 4 (P),
churupuka), slip from the grasp, be D 5 (S), D
6), (1) weary, tired,
filched away, escape, extricate one- fatigued, worn out, bored, exhausted ;

self, e.g. from a snare. Sungura (2) tiresome, tiring, wearying. (Cf.
akachopoka mkononi mwa simba, the choka, -choshi.)
hare slipped from under the lion's Chovya, v. put (into), plunge
paw. Ap. chopo-lea, -lewa. (Cf. (into), dip (into), make contact with,
chopa, and syn. ponyoka.) touch, finger. Ch. kidole motoni, put
Choro, n. ( —
and ma-), marks a finger in the fire. Ch. nguo katika
,

made with a tool, engraving, carving, maji, plunge clothes into water.
scratch, scrawl, bad writing, hiero- Ch. asali, dip into (touch) honey.
glyphics. Also machorochoro, carved Mchovya asali hachovyi marra moja,
patterns, writing. (Cf. chora, and he who dips his finger in honey, does
nakshi, bombwe.) not do it once. Alimchovya haya,
Choroko, n. also Chooko, a small he plunged him in confusion. Nt.
dark-green pea or bean, often mixed chovyeka. Ap. chovy*ea, -ewa. Cs.
with rice and other grain for food. chovy-esha, -eshwa. (Cf. chovyo,
Considered inferior to kunde. Huku- mchovyo.)
shiba mikundeni, utashiba michoro- Chovyo, n. {ma-), a dip, touch,
koni? If kunde did not satisfy you, what is got by a dip (touching).
will choroko ? (Cf. mchoroko.) (Cf. chovya?)
Chosha, v. (Cs. of choka, i. e. for Choyo, n. avarice (shown either in
chokes ha), make weary, be fatiguing. getting or keeping), greediness, covet-
See Choka. ousness, a grasping nature, miserli-
-choshi, a. {choshi with D4 (P), ness, &c. Mwenyich., a grasping,
 ' — )

CHOZI 47 CHUKIA
niggardly person. Kuwa na ch., to hard protuberance on the skin, wart,
be covetous, to grudge. Lia ch., pimple, small tumour, a callosity.
:ry for (disappointed) greediness. Chuchu la ziwa, teat. (Cf. sugu.)
Also as a., huyu ni ch. sana, he is Chuchumia, v. Ap. reach up (to),
a dog manger.
in .the (Cf. bahili, stretch up to, as by rising on tiptoe
oho, tamaa.) or hind-legs. Mbuzi anachuchumia,
Chozi, n. {ma-), (i) a tear, tear- the goat is trying to get at (the
drop (2) anything resembling a tear,
;
leaves).
gum. on trees, &c. Toka {lid) ma- Chui, n. leopard.
hozi, shed tears. Bubujika machozi, Chuja, v. (1) filter, strain; (2)
burst into a flood of tears. Machozi strain out, remove by filtering or
\valimchuruzika usoni, tears trickled straining; (3) cleanse, purify. Ch.
down his face. (Cf. chuza.) (3) maji yaliyo na taka, filter dirty water.
lOne or two species of bird. See Ch. nazi kiva kifumbu kupata tut,
Chosi. filter (grated) cocoanut in a bag to
Chua, v. sometimes Tua, as at get the milky extract. Afuungtt
Mombasa, (1) rub, rub down, and achuje taka za moyo wetu, may God
so variously, grind, file, pound, pol'sh; take away the impurities of our heart.
12) fig. of quarrelling, &c, jar, rub, Ps. chujwa. Nt. chujika. Moyo
make discord. Kuchtia kwema, uliochujika, a purified heart.
si Ap.
friction is not good. Chua meno, chuj-ia, -vwa^ Chombo cha kuchujia,
plean the teeth. Chua mafumba ya a filter {? chujio, ma-). Cs. chuj-
jinga, rub down the lumps in meal. isha, -ishwa. ((Zi. chujo, chujua,
'Chua-chua kitwa, rub (chafe) an and perh. vuja.)
aching head.
•rlika.
Ap. chu-lia, -liwa,
Chulika maftita, have oil
Chujo, n. ( —
and ma-), what is
,

got by straining or filtering. Chujo

hibbed in. Jiwe la kuchulia, a grind- ya asali, molasses, treacle. (Cf.
stone. Rp. chtiana, e. g. of persons prec.
Wrestling. (Cf. saga, sugua, more Chujua, v. Rv. form of chuja,
common in Z.) implying an opposite result in, or by
Chub, int. (the ch being mainly use of, a liquid, i.e. spoil with water,
heard), expressing contempt or im- by washing or otherwise. Amechu-
!
patience, sht nonsense
' ! jua uji wangu, una maji, he has
Chubua, v. take the skin off, spoilt my gruel, too watery.
it is
abrade, bruise badly, flog, give a Ps. chujuliwa. Nt. chujuka, e. g.
liding to. Kiatu changu kimeni- nguo hizi zimechujuka, these clothes
chubua mguu, my shoe has rubbed are spoilt (in colour) by washing.
skin off my foot. Ps. chubuliwa. Rangi hii haichujuki, this colour
the
"ft. chubuka. Mgongo umechtibicka, does not wash out, it is a fast colour.
ny back is raw. Ap. chtibu-lia, Ap. chujulia, -iwa. (Cf. chuja.)
liwa. Alimkanyaga mtoto aka?nchu- Chuki, n. ill humour, bad temper,
*>ulia ngozi, he trod on the child and dislike, resentment. Mtu wa' chuki
rubbed the skin off. (Cf. follg.) (or, wachukichuki), one who is
Chubuko, n. {ma-), bruise, abra- quick-tempered, easily put out, ready
sion, raw place. (Cf. prec.) to take offence. Yuna ch., he is
Chubwi, n. a plummet, a sinker, offended, he is suiky. Ona ch., be
attached to fishing line to assist the in a bad temper. Tia ch., offend,
bast and sink the bait. (Cf. bildi, vex, make angry. (Cf. follg.)
bounding lead, timazi, carpenter's Chukia, v. hate, have ill feeling
plumb line.) towards anger, resentment,
(e. g.
Chuchu, n. ( — , and ma-), a small disgust, loathing, aversion), dislike,
 CHUKTJ
abhor. Ps. chukiwa, be hated, &c.
Cs. chuk-iza, -izwa, e. g. cause dislike,
offend, put out. Hence chtikiz-ia,
-iwa. But note that chukia is also
used, Act. and Ps., as chukiza, i. e.
cause chuki in, as well as, feel chaki
towards. Bwana amechukiwa na
mtumwa wake, mtumwa wake alim-
chukiza, the master was provoked by
his slave, his slave provoked him.
Jichukiza, grow angry of oneself,
be angry gratuitously (without cause).
Chukizisha, cause to be annoying,
make offensive. Chtikizana, provoke
each other. Rp. chukiana, hate
48 CHUMBA
siku nyingi, that journey occupied
many days. Zawadi hizi zitach.
ngico nyingi, these presents will re-
quire a lot of cloth. Chukua has
many applications, e. g. neno hili
lach. mambo mengi, this word includes
many things, i.e. has many meanings.
Ch. mimba, be pregnant. Nguo hizi
zinakuch., these clothes set off your
appearance, give you a fine air
(carriage). Ps. chukuliwa. Nt.
chukulika (rarely chukuka). Ap.
chuku-lia, -liwa, &c, e.g. carry to
(for, from, &c), feel for (towards,
about, &c). Nikuchukulie let me ',

each other. (Cf. chuki, ma- carry it for you. Chukuliwa mashuku,
chukio.) be an object of suspicion. Inachu-
Chuku, n. cupping-horn. Pigach., kulika, it is not too heavy to be
make a false impression, exaggerate, carried, it is endurable. Hence chuku-
tell an incredible story, draw the long- liana, be compatible, agree, tolerate
bow. (Cf. umika, ndumiko.') each other's company. Cs. chuku-
Chukua, v. (i) carry, bear (a load), za, -zwa, employ a person to carry,
take on one's back (shoulders or lay a burden on, &c. Rp. chuku-
head, or in one's hands), e.g. as a ana, e. g. carry in turns, give mutual
caravan porter {inpagazi) or town support, endure each other, agree
porter Qiamali, mchukuzi). Ch. together. (Cf. mchukuzi, uchu-
mzigo begani, carry a load on the kttzi.)
shoulder,
t
—
such load being usually Chuma, n. ( — , and vy-), iron, a
about 6o' lbs. weight in a mainland piece of iron. Chuma pua (or pua
journey. (2) Take, conduct, convey, alone), steel. Mabamba ya ch., iron
lead. Ch. mtoto huyu kzva babaye, of a flat kind, hoop iron, iron plate,
take this child to his father {cf. pe/eka &c. Pau (or fito) za ch., iron rods,
in this sense). (3) Take away, carry bar iron. (For ki-tima, so cf. perh.
off, remove, transport. Ch. taka, uma, kiuma.)
remove a mess (cf. ondod). Also of Chuma, v. (1)pluck, gather, of —
the feelings, carry away, transport, fruit, flowers, &c.(2);
make a profit,
overwhelm (of joy, sorrow, &c). esp. in trade or business, gain in
(4) Bear up under (passively), i. e. trade, prosper, be well paid. Watu
endure, put up with, take peaceably, huenda chuma barra, people go to
be resigned to (cf. vumilia, stahimili, make money up country. Ps. chu-
shukuru) (5) bear
;
the weight mwa. Nt. chumika. Ap. chum-ia,
(responsibility) of, support, maintain, -iwa. Cs. chum-isha, -ishwa. (Cf.
sustain. Anach. wazee wake, he is chumo, zuhumi, and syn. Ar. faidi,
supporting his parents (cf. ponya, faida.)
ruzukisha, saidid). (6) Take (in Chumba, n. {vy-), room, chamber,
capacity), contain, hold, have capacity apartment, i.e. part of a nyumba,
for (of a vessel, measure, &c), and esp. of a store house. Nyumba hii
fig. include, involve, allow of. Chombo ina vyumba vingi, this house has
hiki kitach. pishi tatu, this vessel will many rooms. Ch. cha kulala,
hold three pishi (cf. wekd). (7) Take bed room, dormitory. Ch. cha
up, use up, require. Safari He ilich. kulia, dining room, refectory. (Cf.
 )

CHUMO 49 CHUNUA
nyumba, jumba, mchumba, also kungti, kango, kikombe, kikango, and
vikato. )
see Mtungi, Sufuria, and Chombo.j
Chumo, n. {ma-),
Machumo ya
(i) plucking, (2) ( —
, and of size, ma-), a heap,
gathering. zabibu, a quantity, a pile, a mass. Chungu
grapes plucked, vintage. (2) Profit, chungu, in heaps, quantities. Fetha
gain, source of gain, employment. zikawa nyingi, chungu zima, the
(Cf. chuma, v., and tic/nwii.) coins were numerous, a whole pile.
Chumvi, n. (1) salt; (2) saltness, (Cf. syn. jungu, jamii.) (3) An
pungency flavour or quality).
(of ant, of a common small kind, and so
Maji ya ch., salt water, brine, sea used more generically than other
water (contr. maji baridi, ??iaji ya names of species (e.g. rn.ch.wa, siafu,
mvua, maji maiamu, maji ya pepo, maji ya moto, which see). Also
fresh water). Ch.ya haluli, sulphate used fig. of a poor, insignificant
of magnesia, Epsom salts. Maneno person. (4) ( —
) sometimes for
yake ch., his remarks were pungent, uchungu, of some particular kind of
had a flavour. smart, e. g..naona chungu ya mwiba,
Chuna, v. skin, flay, take the I feel the sharp prick of a thorn.
whole skin off. Mmchune ngozi Cf. follg.
kwa vizuri, msikate wala msitoboe, -chungu, a. {chungu with 4 D
wala msichune na nyama, 7timchtine (P), 5 (S), D D
6), (I) bitter, acrid,
vema, take off the beast's hide properly, sour, sharp in taste, acid ; (2) dis-
do not cut it or make holes in it, and agreeable, unpleasant. Dawa chtmgu,
do not take off flesh with it, skin it bitter, unpalatable medicine. (Cf.
carefully. Also of stripping bark off uchungu, n.,z\s,o often used as a., and
a tree. Chuna kamba, get (strips of uiungu.)
bark for) rope. Ps. chunwa. Nt. Chungulia, v. look at (down
chunika. Ap. chun-ia, -iwa. (Cf. upon, into), esp. of furtive or critical
chunua, chuni, mchuni, also chtibua, and thorough examination, i. e. peep
ambtia. (at), pry (into), cast glance (at), in-
Chunga, v. (1) tend, take care of, spect closely. Ps. chtmguliwa.
act as guardian to, but esp. of ani- Nt. chunguli-ka, -kana. Ap.
mals, i. e. act as keeper or herdman chungulilia. Uja wa kuch., a peep-
of sheep, cattle, goats, &c, feed, hole. Cs. chunguza, e. g. Intens.
take to pasture, graze, &c. (Cf. look carefully (anxiously, thoroughly)
mchunga (jz),,machimga, and syn. into. (Cf. syn. angah'a, tazamia,
tunza, lisha.) (2) Sift, separate fine kagua.)
and coarse particles, e. g. of.flour for Chungwa, {ma-), the common
n.
cooking, of lime for plaster, &c, by sweet orange, of mchungwa
fruit
shaking and tossing in a flat basket. (which see), abundant for nine months
(Cf. pepeta, and tunga. Chunga in the year in Z. (Cf. for other
(— ) is sometimes n., sittings, husks, varieties, chenza, danzi, limau, ka-
coarse particles, &c.) ngaja, ndimti, ba/ungi,jurungtt.)
Chungu, n.(i ) ivy-) ,the commonest Chuni, n. usu. in pi. machuni,
—
kind of cooking pot, usually a round process of skinning, flaying an ani-
rather shallow vessel of baked earthen- maL chuna, mchuni.)
(Cf.
ware, red or black in colour, of vari- Chunjua, m a small hard pro-
ous sizes, and with a lid of same tuberance on the skin, a wart. ^Cf.
material. (Cf. ungu, jungu, ki- chuchu.)
jungu, and for other household vessels, Chunua, v. scrape skin off, skin.
bakuli, bungu, bia, chano, hero, waya, Alichunua uso wake, he took the
jua, kojnbe, kibungu, mkungu, ki- skin off his face. Ps. chunuliwa.
 CHUNUSI 50 -DACHI
Nt. chunuka. Ap. chunu-lia, Churuza, v. and Chuuza, keep
-liwa. Cs. chunu-za, -zwa. (Cf. a small shop, do a retail business,
chuna, chubua, and follg.) hawk goods about, be a pedlar.
Chunusi, n. and Chunuzi, a
(i) (Cf. mchuruzii)
bit of skin taken off, abrasion, raw Churuzika, v. and Chururika,
place; (2) same as Chinusi, which down, run of, be drained
trickle
see. away, as water from roof, blood from
Chunyu, n. incrustation of salt, wound, rain from a tree, &c. Anach.
deposit from salt water. Nimeoga damu, he bleeds freely. Cs. churuz-
maji ya pwani nafanya chunyu, isha, -ishwa, drain off, carry off.
I have had a sea-water bath, and feel (Cf. chirizika, mchirizi, tiririka, and
the salt on me. (Cf. munyu, also chuza.
chumvi, nyunyo.) Chusa, n. {vy-), a. harpoon, used
Chuo, n. {vy-), (1) book; (2) for large fish, such as papa, nguru,
school. Bum {tunga) chuo, chewa.
write a book, compose a book. Chuza, v. or Chuuza, Churuza,
Chuo cha serkali, a government trickle, down. Chozi la
glide, run
school. Mwana-chuoni, or -vyuoni, tmyonge likichuuza, as the tear of
(1) a (boy) scholar, one who attends abjectmisery falls. Kuvuja na
school ; (2) an educated, learned kuchuza hakulingani na wazi, ooz-
man, a scholar, a man of books. ing and trickling is not the same
Enda chuoni, go to school. Tiwa as open (flood-gates). (Cf. chiri-
chuoni, be sent to school. (For rika, churuzika.)
ki-uo, from the appearance of a -chwa, v. Ps. from -cha, which
bound book, cf. tw, and for ' book ' see.
Ar. syn. msahafu, kitabu, and for
D.
' madarasa, soma, v.)
' school

Chupa, v. 'get over' something by Drepresents the same sound as

leap, step, hop, jump. Chupa gogo, in English.
step over a log. Ap. chup-ia, -iwa, D, as an initial in words of Arabic
and see follg. Cs. chup-isha, origin, is used for three Arabic
-ishwa. (Cf. syn. kia, kiuka, and letters, viz. Dal, and sometimes Tah
vuka.) — n. ( —, and ma-), a and Dhal. See T, Th.
bottle. Ch. la kutilia marashi, D
takes the place of / and r, as
a scent-bottle. Ch. la mvinyo, a the initial of a root, if a formative n
spirit bottle. Also used of the is prefixed. Thus kasha refu, a long
' womb,'
e. g. kuvunja chupa, of box kamba ndefu, a long rope.
;

first stage of childbirth. Dim. ki- D

in Z. sometimes represents a j
tupa (preserving the /, as at Mom- or dy in the Mombasa dialect, and in
basa). some words is not clearly distin-
Chupia, v. move quickly, rush, guished from /. Thus words not
dash, gallop. Frasi mzoefu wa ku- found under D
may be looked for
chupia, a horse accustomed to going under
J
or T.
D
quickly. (Conn, with chtipa, v.) Words beginning with are
Chupuka, Chupuza, v. See Chi- mostly of non-Bantu origin.
puka, and Chopoka. -dachi, a. commonly used for
Chura, n. {vy-), a frog. • German.' Mdachi {wa-), Dachi
Churua, n. or Churuwa, and {ma-), a German. Kidachi, the
Shurua, measles. German language, of the German
Chururika, v. See Chiririka, kind. Udachi, Germany, also ulaya
and Churuzika. Dachi. (From deutsch, cf.jamani.)
 —
DADA 51 DALALI
Dada, n. sister, esp. elder sister, claim, for the more usual ddwd).
a term of endearment among women. (Ar. Cf. vtdai, ddwa, and for
*Dadisi, v. pry, be inquisitive, be 'claim' haki.)
curious (about), ask unnecessary *Daima, adv. perpetually, per-
questions (of). Nime?ndadisi sana manently, constantly, continually,
hatta aniambie, I plied him with always. Namwona
d. akipita, I see
questions to get him to tell me. Ps. him constantly passing. Dumu
d.,
dadisiwa. Nt. dadisika. (? Ar. emphat., always, for ever and ever,
Cf. mdadisi, and syn. hoji, chungulia, never endingly, eternally, -a daima,
pekua.) a. continual, permanent, lasting.
*Dadu, n. and Dado, game, toy, (Ar. Cf. dumu, and syn. siku zote,
esp. of dice in Z. Cheza d., play marra kwa marra, and for '
lasting
'

with dice. Machezo ya d., games is hi, auski.)

with dice. (Ar.). Daka, catch, snatch, seize, get
v.
*Dafina, n. hidden treasure, trea- —
hold of, with a sudden, quick move-
sure-trove, godsend. (Ar.) ment, e. g. catch a ball thrown in
*Daftari, n. an account book, the air, pounce on a thief, appropriate
catalogue, list. (Ar. Cf. wurotha, food greedily. Also daka matieno,
hesabu ya mali.) make a smart response (quick re-
Dafu, n. (ma-), a cocoanut in the partee, sharp reply \ Ys.dakwa. Ap.
stage when it is full of milk, further dak-ia, -iwa. Cs. dak-iza, -izzva,
described as (i) bupu la dafu, punje e. g. object to, rebut, contradict.
la dafii, dafu la kukomba, dafu la (? Cf. dakizo, dakua, udaku, dakuliza,
kulamba, i. e. when just beginning to and ?tyaka, nyakua, and for ' seize '

form a soft layer of nutty substance katnata, shika.) —

n. {ma-), recess,
in the shell, which can be licked or receptacle, niche in wall, cupboard.
easily scraped off, and (2) tonga la D. la mlango, a recess with a door,
dafu, when the nutty substance has cupboard. Dim. kidaka. (Cf.
become thick and tough. Maji ya dakua, and dukiza, prob. the same —
dafu, cocoanut milk. Dafu is also root.)
commonly used for the milk itself, *Dakawa, n. towing line, tow-
little cared for by natives. (Cf. rope, i. e. kamba ya kttfuttgasia.
nazi.) *Dakika, n. the smallest division of
Dagaa, (? plur. of udagad),
n. time, moment, minute, second. Kwa
very small fish, fish in an early stage, d.moja, in a twinkling, at once. (Ar.)
—
small fry, like whitebait, a favourite Dakizo, n. (?na-), objection, con-
dish with natives. tradiction, demurrer. (Cf. daka.)
*Dai, v. (1) summons, prosecute, *Daku, n. midnight meal taken
sue at law, accuse, charge (2) claim ; by Mahommedans during Ramathan.
in court, demand as a right, claim. (Ar. Cf. Ramathani, futari.)
Nakudai, I accuse you. Nadai Dakua, v. let out secrets, gossip at
kwako haki yangu, I claim from you random, talk indiscreetly. Ps.
my lawful rights. Rupia amdaiyo dakuliwa. Ap. daku-lia, -liwa,
Tuna, the rupee which Tuna claims talk foolishly to (for, about, against,
from him. Jidai ukali, claim for &c). Cs. dakuliza, used as ' con-
oneself martial spirit, boast of prowess. tradict, protest* against, object to, re-
Ps. daiwa. Ap. data, claim on but.' (Rv. of daka. Cf. dakizo,
behalf of (in reference to, for, from, udaku.)
&c), act as solicitor for. Rp. *Dalali, n. salesman, auctioneer,
daiana, of counter claims, cross-suit. broker, cheap-jack. (Ar. Cf.
— n. {ma-) 7 legal process, suit, udalali, and syn. mnadi.)
E 2
 DALASINI 52 DAWA
*Dalasini, n. cinnamon, from the rank. A district of Zanzibar city
tree mdalasini. (Ar.) near the bridge is called Darajani.
'

Dalia, n. a yellow mixture, used (Ar. Cf. ngazi, ulalo, and for '
rank
by women for personal adornment cheo.)
(cosmetic, scent, &c, and colour). *Daraka, n. (ma-), an arrange-
*Dalili, n. sign, token, mark, ment, appointment, obligation, duty,
trace, indication, evidence, signal. undertaking. Madarakaya nyumb-
D.ya mvua ni mawingu, the sign of ani, household arrangements, domes-
rain is clouds. D. ya mguit, foot- tic economy. Chtikulia d., go bail
step (on the ground). With negatives, for, answer for, bear the punishment
si hatta dalili, not at all, not a ves- of. (Ar. Cf. diriki, tadaruki.)
tige, not in the least. *Darasa, (ma-), class, meeting
n.
*Dama, n. a game, played on a for readingor study. Madarasa,
board kind of draughts.
like chess, a school, academy. (Ar. Cf. du-
*Damu, blood.
n. Nyama na d., rusi, also chuo, soma.)
flesh and blood. Anatoka d., he is *Dari, n. upper floor, upper story,
bleeding. Also of the menses, ingia ceiling, roof, — roofs and upper floors
damuni, menstruate. Cf. hethi. in an Arab house being alike made
(Ar.) of concrete laid on poles and rammed
Dandalo, n. a kind of dance. (Cf. hard. Darini, juu ya dari, upstairs,
ngoma.) on the roof. (Ar. Cf. sakafu,
Danga, v. (1) take up little by little, drofa.)
get a a time, scoop up care-
little at *Darizi, v. See Tarizi.
fully (of water in a pit), i. e. d. maji. *Darumeti, n. inside woodwork
(Cf. chota.) Hence of enforced
(2) fig. of native vessel, joists carrying the
and tedious delay, wait, have to wait deck, cross-beams, &c.
(but perh. this is tanga, which see). *Dasi, n. rope sewn into the edge
Danganya, v. elude, delude, de- of a sail for strength, and distinguished
ceive, defraud, cheat, beguile, impose as d. ya bara, on the upper (yard)
on, belie. Ps. danganywa. Nt. side, d. ya chini, on the lower, d. ya
danganyi-ka, -kana. Ap. dangany- goshini and ya demani, on the nar-
-ia, -iwa. Cs. dangany-isha, rower and broader ends.
-ishwa. Rp. dangany-ana. (Cs. Dasili, n. a powder made of the
form Vconn. with danga, or Hind. dried and pounded leaves of a tree
dagaa. Cf. -danganyifu, mdanganyi, mkunazi, used as a detergent (Str.)
and punja, kalamkia, Ziadaa,
syn. for a kind of skin disease.
kopa, and dist. changanya.) n. — *Dasturi,n. bowsprit, also called —
(ma-), trick, delusion, &.c. mlingote wa maji. (Dist. desttiri.)
-danganyifu, a. (dang, with 4 D Dau, n. (ma-), a large native-built
(P), D
5 (S), Dj6), deceptive, delu- boat, both ends sharp and projecting,
sive, cheating, &c.) (Cf. danganya.) and usually with a square matting
Danzi, n. (ma-), a bitter orange, sail. (Cf. chombo,mtumbwi,maslnia,
fruit of mdanzi, which see (and for Aidau.)
other varieties, chungwa.) *Daulati, n. the ruling power,
*Darabi, n. (ma-), rose-apple, government, authorities. (Arab, for
fruit of mdarabi. the common serkali.)
*Daraja, n. (ma-), (1) step, set *Dawa, n. ( and ma-), medicine,
supplied by a
— ,

of steps, stairs, staircase, bridge; (2) medicament, anything

degree, rank, dignity, social station. doctor, including charm, talisman, '

Akashuka katika d., he descended the &c,' used by native doctors. D.ya
staircase. D. kubzva (bora), high kuhara, a purgative, aperient. D. ya
 —
DA'WA 53 DIDIMIA
httapisha, s.n emetic. D.ya kunywa, slackens and gradually dies away,
medicine for internal use. Dawa spring-time in Zanzibar. Also some-
ya kutia (kupaka, kubandika, kujisu- times of the whole season of the
gud), medicine for external use. Mada- south monsoon, from April to Oc-
wa ya uongo-uongo, quack medicines. tober. (Contr. Musimu, and see
(Ar. Dist. follg.) Mwaka.)
*DaVa, n. or Daawa, and some- Denge,n. a mode of wearing the
times Mdawa {mi-), legal process, hair, a patch on the top of the head
suit, litigation, legal claim, dispute. only. Kata denge, shave the whole
( Ar. the aa representing ain. Cf. dai,
, head except the crown.
and dist. dawa, medicine.) *Dengu, n. a kind of pea imported
*Dawati, n. writing desk, writing from India, and usually mixed with
case. Dim. kidawati. (Ar. for grain, &c. for food. (Cf. choroko,
inkstand.) mbaazi, kunde.)
*Dayima, adv. always. See *Deni, n. ( —
and ma-), a debt,
,

Daima. loan, money obligation. Fanya {in-

—
*Debe, n. (ma-), tin can, com- gia,jipasha) d., get into debt, borrow,
monly of the 4-5 gal. tin in which lend. Lipa d., discharge a debt,
American petroleum has been im- repay a loan. (Ar. Cf. azimu,
ported, often used as a pail. Nataka also wia, wiwa.)
debe mafuta, I want a tin of oil. *Deraya, n. armour, coat of mail,
Nataka debe la mafuta, I want an cuirass, i.e. vao la chuma. (Cf. Arab.
oil-tin. (Hind.) adrd.)
*Debwani, n. a turban-cloth, an — *Desturi, n. or Dasturi, custom,
Indian cloth, mostly of silk, with red usage, regular practice, routine. The
or brown stripes, and worn on the usual word in Z. (Hind. Cf.
head as a turban. Ar. kawaida, ada, mila, mathehebu.
Dege, n. (1) infantile convulsions, Dist. dasturi, bowsprit.)
fits (cf. kifafa) ; (2) a kind of moth. *Deuli, n. waistband, a silk —
*Deheni, n. a water-proofing mix- shawl or scarf worn round the waist.
ture of lime and fat, used on the (Cf. mshipi, mahaza7nu.)
bottoms of native vessels. Also as *Devai, n. wine in general.
v. of applying the mixture. (Ar.) (Perh. Fr. du vin. Cf. mvinyo, used
Deka, v. (1) give oneself airs, live mainly of spirits.)
in style, play the grandee (2) show
;
*Dia, n. money paid for a life, fine
conceit, be arrogant, be unpleasant. for murder, ransom. Killa mtu dia
Also jideka, e. g. of a vain woman's ya rohoyake, every man his ransom (to
gait and bearing. (Cf. syn. jivuna, save his life). (?Ar. CLJidia,Jidi.)
jiona, piga kiburi, jifahirisha, and *Dibaji, n. used of the string of
shaua. ) prefatory epithets and complimentary
*Delki, adv. See Telki. (Ar.) titles in Arab letter writing, and more
Dema, n. a kind of fish-trap of generally elegant composition, good
'

open wicker-work. (Cf. mtego.) style, fine writing.' (Arab. paint- '

*Demani, n. (1) sheet (rope) of ing, embroidery,' cf. tidibaji. Such

mainsail of a native sailing vessel. epithets are jenab, muhebb, akram,
Hence (2) lee side (in navigation), nasihi, azizi* hashamu, karamu,
also called upande wa demani (wa fathili, —
often in pure Arab form
demanini), iipande wa chini. Contr. with the article il prefixed to each.
goshi, goshini. (3) Season of the year Cf. anwani, waraka.)
from end of August to beginning of Didimia, v. sink dowrt, go to the
November, when the south monsoon bottom, penetrate. Ap. didimik-ia }
 ;

DIFU 54 DOLE
-iwa, bore into, e. g. of a tool. Cs. Ndodi, (1) fine wire, whether brass or
didim-isha, -ishwa, cause to sink iron ; (2) a bracelet of fine wire, hair,
down, force down (into, &c). Didi- or thread.
misha nguo mkobani,stuff clothes into *Dodo, n. a very large kind of
a wallet. zama, zizimia.)
(Cf. tota, mango is called embe dodo, or
Difu, See Kilifu.
n. dodo. The word is also used of
*Digali, n. stem of the bowl of a '
a woman's breast.' Yuna dodo,
native pipe. See Kiko. she has breasts, she is growing up.
*Diki, adv. See Tiki, and Shiki. (Cf. embe.)
(Ar.) *Dodoki, n. (ma-), a long slender
Diko, n. (ma-), landing place. fruit, eaten as a vegetable, a kind of
*Dimu, n. See N"dimu. lufah. See Mdodoki.
*Dini, n. religion, creed, worship. -dogo, a. (ndogo with D 4 (P),
Kushika chuo na kusali ndio dint, D 6, dogo with D 5 (S)), little (in
to follow the Coran and perform the condition, quality or quantity), small,
prayers is (Mahommedan) religion. slight, unimportant, young. Mtoto
(Ar.) mdogo, a small child. Nditgu mdogo,
*Dira, n. mariner's compass, i.e. a younger brother. Baba mdogo,
kipande cha kusafiria chombo baha- father's brother, uncle. Mtu mdogo,
rini, an instrument for a ship to steer a poor man. Adv. kidogo, a little,
by on the sea. (Ar.) rather, not very, not much, in small
*Diriki, v. in general, have power amount. Used as adj. to denote 'small
(will, time, opportunity, &c, for), in quantity.' Watu kidogo, a few
and so (i) be able, be in time (for), people. But watu wadogo, poor, in-
reach, succeed, attain, manage, ar- ferior people. Maji kidogo, a little
range; (2) venture, undertake, guar- water. With negat. '(not) at all, (not)
antee, incur responsibility (for). in the least, (none) whatever'; esp.
Nalitakakwenda, sikudiriki, I wanted with hatta. Siktipi hatta kidogo, I
to go, but I could not manage it. will not give you a single bit, I will
Sijadiriki kuisha kusema, before I not think of giving you any. Some-
could finish speaking. (Ar. Cf. times redupl. for emphasis, vitanda
daraka.) vidogodogo, or vidogo-vidogo, very small
*Dirisha, n. (ma-), window. D. bedsteads. (Cf. contr. -kubwa,
la vibau, a louvre window. D. la -kuu, -ingi.)
kuckungulilia, a window to peep *Dob.ani, n. chimney, smoke-stack,
through. (Hind. Cf. mwangaza.) and in Z. esp. of (1) funnel, smoke-
*Diwani, (ma-), councillor,
n. stack, of a steamer. Hence vierikebu
public functionary, magnate. (Ar.) ya d. (or ya moshi, smoke), a steamer
Doa, n. (ma-), spot, blotch, mark, (2) a tall narrow basket of sticks and
stain. Doa la mafuta, a grease spot. cocoanut leaf-fronds, used for carry-
Madoadoa, used as a., spotted, varie- ing fruit to market. (Ar.)
gated, of different colours, speckled. Dokeza, v. give a hint of, suggest,
Doana, n. hook, fish-hook. See foreshadow, sketch. (Perh. tokeza,
Ndoana. cause to come out, make appear.
*Dobi, n. who washes
(ma-), one See Toka, Toa. But cf. kidoko.)
clothes, as a trade, —
always a man *Dokra, n. a cent, hundredth part
in Z. Usinifanye punda toa dobi, do of a dollar. (Cf. reale.)
not treat me as a washerman's donkey. Dole, n. (ma-), single banana
Cf. chombo hiki ki dobi, this vessel fruit, i. e. one of a cluster (ckand) on
is heavily loaded. (Hind.) a large fruit stem (jnkungu). (Cf.
*Dodi, n. (ma-), also Udodi, udole, kidole, and ndizi.)
 ; ;

DOMO 55 DTTBWANA
Domo, {ma-), (i) large lip,
n. meaning. Cf. chonga, chongoa, &c.
large beak; (2) protuberance, pro- also donda, n., and follg.)
jection, thing resembling a beak, Dondoo, n.{ma-), selections,
overhanging crag, &c. (3) brag,
;
notes, extracts,
quotations, choice
boasting, cant. Piga domo, let the bits, e.g. in an anthology. (Cf.
tongue wag, brag, boast. (Cf. mdomo, donda, dondoa, &c, and for similar
kidomo, and for boasting (fi)semea,
'
' idea okota, mateuzi.)
{ji)vuna, (ji)gamba, (ji)szfu.) Dondoro, n. a kind of antelope.
Dona, v. peck, pick at, pick up (See Paa, for the only sort seen in Z.)
bit by bit.
rice.
Dona mckele, pick up
Ap. don-ea, -ewa. Cs. don-
Donge, n. ( — and ma-), also
,

Tonge, small rounded mass, ball,

esha,-eza,-ezwa. Ap.donana. Kuku lump, e. g. of a mouthful of rice, rolled
wanadottana, the fowls are pecking in the fingers and put in the mouth,
each other. (Cf. donoa, dondoa, and — in this sense usually Tonge. Kuvi-
of similar action chota, danga.) ringa donge za wali na kutia ki-

—
—
Donda, n. ( , and ma-), large nwani, to make a little ball of rice
sore, ulcer, so common an ailment and put it in the mouth. Donge la
as to be used as typical of sickness uzi, a ball of thread. Damtt ina-
and disaster generally. Muungu fanya madonge, the blood is forming
atakupa d., God will bring sickness clots. Dim. kidonge, e.g. a pill.
upon you. Donda juu ya donda, (Cf. bonge, tonge, and perh. udongo.)
blow on blow (i. e. calamity). D. Donoa, v. peck, strike at (with
ndugu, spreading, confluent ulcers. beak or fangs), e. g. of fowls and
Dim. kidonda. (Cf. donda, v., snakes. Nyoka ilimdonoa juu ya
dondoa, and for ' small sores tipele^) ' utosi, the snake struck him on the
— v. fall by drops, drip, fall in bits crown of his head. (Cf. dona,
(bit by bit). (Cf. more common dondoa, &c.)
tona, also dondoa, donda, n.) *Dopa, n. {ma-), a sail-maker's
Dondo, n. {ma-), (1) large tiger- palm, for coarse sewing.
cowry shell, used by tailors for smooth- Doria, n. used of white muslin
'
'

ing down seams to a good surface in trade. (Hind.)

(cf. kauri). Hence perh. (2) dress-
ing for cloth, starch, chalk, &c,
used to give a good surface and ap-
pearance to inferior material. Nguo
ya dondo, glossy calico. (3) Some-
times of ' twigs, chips, scraps of
wood, leaves, &c, e.g. for lighting
fires. (Cf. donda, v.)
Dondoa, v. (1) pick up bit by
bit,pick over grain by grain, &c.
(2) let fall bit by bit, drop, cause to
drip and so perh. (3) form sores,
; — which suggests the outward cere-
cause illness ; (4) make selections
(from), compile knowledge (by).
Ukimlisha samaki utamdondoa
mwili, if you let him eat fish, you
will cause sores on his body. Nt.
dondoka. Mbegu zimenidondoka, the
seeds dropped one by one from my
hand. (Rv. of donda, with similar
*Doti, n. a piece of cloth suited
for, and worn as, a loincloth, shuka,
i. e. about 2 yards of full width, or
4 yards of narrow material. (Hind.)
Doya, v. go as spy, reconnoitre,
' spy out (but in Z. peleleza is usual).
*Dua, n. a prayer, special suppli-
cation, request made in prayer, ad-
dressed to God. Omba dua, offer
a prayer, make a request, to God.
(Ar. Cf. omba, maombi, and sala,
monial aspect of prayer.)
*Duara, n. used of (1) wheel,
circle, roundest object, and (2) any
machine of which the principal fea-
ture is a wheel, e. g. crane, windlass,
capstan, &c. (Ar. Cf. mdzcara,
duru, mviringo.)
Dubwana, n. {ma-), a person of
 .

DUDE 56 DURU
extraordinary size, a giant, a colossus. *Dumia, Dumisha. See Dumu.
Also used as a. -dubwana, of any- *Dumu, v. remain, continue, en-
thing gigantic, — animal, tree, or other dure, last, abide. Dumu daima,
object. Mtu mdubwana, a giant. last for ever, —used also as adv.,
(? Cf. bwana.) for ever and ever. Ap. dum-ia,
Dude, n. (ma-), the vaguest and •iiva. Dumia kazi, remain at, perse-
most general term for referring to any vere in work. Also, remain with, at-
object,= kitu usichokijina jina lake, —
tend on, of service. Cs. dum-iska,
1
something of which you do not know -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. daima, udumu.)
the name, or have no word to de- *Dumu, n. {ma-), also Mdumu
scribe, a thing, a what-do-you-call-it, {mi-), can, pot, jug, mug, esp. of
an object. Dude gani kili? What metal. Dumala maji, water-can.
in the world is this object? Dim. Dundu, n. {ma-), large pumpkin,
kidude. gourd, calabash, the shell used as a
Dudu, n. {ma-, of size), large in- vessel to hold liquids.
sect. See Mdudu, which is com- Dunge, n. {ma-), a cashew apple
monly used. Dim. kidudu. in green, —
unripe stage, fruit oimbibo.
Duduka, v. be disfigured (by ill- (Cf. mbibo, korosho, bibo.)
ness or disease). Duduka uso, have Dungu, n. {ma-), a stage or plat-
face pitted, marked with small-pox. form, raised from the ground and
Ps. dudukwa. Nadudukwa na pele, often roofed over, for a watchman
I am disfigured by an eruption. (Cf. guarding crops on a plantation. (Cf.
umbua.) kilingo.)
Duduvule, n. a stinging insect,Dungudungu, n. used to describe
which bores in wood (Str.). anything of unusual shape or quality,
-dufu, a. {dufu with D4
(P),
1
a wonder, marvel, curiosity.' (Cf.
D 5 (S), D6), dull, insipid, tasteless, ajabu, kioja, tumc.)
flat, uninteresting, good for nothing, Dungumaro, n. (1) a kind of evil
— of persons and things. Tumbako spirit ; (2) a drum used in expelling
dufu, mild, flavourless tobacco. Mtu such a spirit. (? Mdungumaro, a per-
—
mdufu, a stupid, dull person ; also son possessed by this spirit.)
dufu la mtu, in same meaning. *Duni, a. inferior, low, mean, ab-
*Duka, n. {ma-), shop, stall. Tem- ject, worthless. Mtu d., a nobody,
bea madukani, walk in the bazaar. an insignificant person. Hali d., an
IVeka duka, open a place of business. abject condition. (Ar. Cf. t/iaifu,
Vunja duka, close a shop, give up busi- -nyonge, hafifu, -dogo.)
ness. (Cf. Ar. dakkdn.) *Dunia, n. and Dunya, the world,
*Dukiza, v. and Dukisa, intrude universe, earth (as a whole). Fariki
oneself, listen secretly, try to overhear. d., depart from the world, die. Mtu
Jidukiza, play the eavesdropper, in- wa d., a worldly man. Mambo ya d.,
trude where not wanted (offensively) or simply dunia, the way of the world,
(? Ar. dakas, and follg. Perh. same as worldly affairs, the spirit of the age.
dakiza.) (Ar. Cf. ulimwengu.)
*Dukizi, n. {ma-), eavesdropping, *Durabini, n. and Darubini, tele-
scandal mongering.
- (Cf. dukiza, scope, microscope, or similar optical
mdukizi. ) instrument, i.e. kiflande cha kuta-
Dumbwi, n. See Kidimbwe. zamia, an instrument for seeing with.
Dume, n. {ma-), a male, esp. Piga d., use a glass. (Ar. or Pers.
of animals. Frasi dume, or dume Cf. miwani, spectacles.)
la frasi, a stallion Bala dume, a *Duru, surround, be round, go
v.
drake. See -ume. round, put round. (Arab, for com-
 ;; '!

DURUSI 57 EGAMA
mon zunguka, zungusha, &c.
B. the Subjunctive Mood, taking
(Cf. duara.) the place of the final a of a verb
*Durusi, v. study a book, meet in in the Indicative Mood (2) a pas- ;

class, attend school. (Arab, for com-
mon B. soma, enda chuoni. Cf. da-
rasa?)
*Dusumali, n. a coloured hand-
kerchief or scarf, often with green and
red stripes, and of Persian manufac-
ture, worn on the head by women. yake, his house
sive termination' of some verbal
nouns, e.g. kiumbe, kombe, uteule,
ushinde, utiime.
-e (or -ye) (1) affixed to a noun,
represents the pronom. a. yake, e. g.
nyumbae or nyumbaye for nyumba
(2) after a verb-form
;

(Ar. or Pers. Cf. titaji, shela.) or tense-sign, represents^, the form

Duzi, n. (ma-), eavesdropper, tale- ofrelative corresponding to 1, 2, 3 Pers.
bearer, gossip - monger, slanderer. S.,e. g. niliye, 1 who am umpendaye, ;

(Cf. dukizi, and the commoner ?npele- you who love him, or, he whom you
lezi.) love ; (3) in combination with the
prep, na or kwa, represents the pro-
E» noun of 3 Pers. S. yeye, e. g. nae or
E represents the sound of a in naye, for na yeye, and kwae or kwaye,
'gate,' and (esp. when unaccented) for kwaryeye (4) is used as the final
;

the lighter sound of e in 'ten.' In sound of a common contracted form

some words of Arabic origin (i) it is of the Personal Pronouns, except the
used for a sound between a and e 3 Pers. P. wao, i. e. mi(y)e for mimi,
(cf. Elfu, Hewa, and A) (2) it is ;
we(y)e for wewe, yee for yeye, sz(y)e
used in Zanzibar characteristically for for sisi, nyi(y)e for ninyi.
what is heard in other dialects as a, *Ebbe, int. also Bee, commonly
e.g. merikebu, rather than marikabu, used by slaves or inferiors in reply to
!

sheriaiox sharia, shebaha for shabaha ;

a call, yes
'
coming ! ! I hear
(3) it is not distinguished from i, not (Ar. See Lebeka.)
being so distinguished in Arab, Ebu, int. also Ebuu and Hebbu,
writing or common pronunciation. Well then ! Come
often in then ! —
(Cf. elimii, ilfnu, &c.) expostulation or reproof.
Thus words not found under E *Eda, n. time of customary cere-
may be looked for under A or /. monial mourning, or seclusion from
When a in a prefix or formative company, e. g. of a woman after
syllable precedes an e or i, the two a death or divorce. Kalia eda, re-
together are usually pronounced e, main in mourning, or in seclusion.
e. g.akenda for akaenda, he went Akakaa eda akavaa kaniki miezi
kuweta for kuwaita, to call them ;
minne, she remained in seclusion
wezi for waizi, thieves niengi for ; and wore mourning four months.
maingi, many (things). (Ar. Cf. matanga, under Tanga.)
For an interjection see Ee and
e as *Edashara, n. and a., eleven.
Eh.ee. The same e is used and re- -a edashara, eleventh. (Ar. Cf.
peated at the end of a word inten- wahedi, and dshara, also B. syn.
sively, esp. to express distance, e. g. kumi na moja.)
akaenda e-e-e, and he went on a very —
Ee, int. Oh, in invocation or as-
long way ; away yonder
kide-e-e, far sent Ee Muithgu, OGod. Eebwana,
peupe-e-e, a very white, clean surface, O Sir. Ee walla, Ee waa, O yes
— in each case the intonation of All right Certainly, Sir (literally,
! !

e being raised higher in proportion Yes, by God!).

to the intensity or distance indicated. Egama, v. be in a resting or re-
~e is (1) the characteristic sign of clining position, not lying down, —
 '

EGEMEA 58 ELEKA
but propped on elbow or support. (fart,break through a concrete ceiling.
Also Rf. jiegama, place oneself in a Nt. ekuka. Maji yameekua ngazi,
resting position, recline, prop one- the water has broken down the steps
self (in a position). K^.egam-ia, (by undermining them). Mwizi
-iwa, rest on, lean on, recline on. ameektia mlango, the thief broke
Ameegamia kifuani mwake, he down the door. Boriti ya dari
leaned upon his chest. Cs. egam- imeektika, a rafter of the ceiling has
isha, -iskwa, cause to lean, prop, given way. Also of breaking up a
support. (Cf. follg., also tegemea.) road, or floor. (Perh. a variant of
Egemea, v. (i) lean on, rest on, wekua and same meaning.
tekua, with
be supported by (2) trust to, rely
;
and tege??iea.)
Cf. ege??iea
upon. Ps. egemewa, be leaned upon, -ekundu, a. (nyekundu with D 4
be a support (to), be trusted (by).(P), D 6,jekundu with D 5 (S)), red '

Cs. egem-esha, -eza, -eshtva, &c, of all shades and varieties scarlet, —
e.g. (1) prop up (2) confirm, help purple, pink, &c. Of European com-
;

to establish, give support to,
ground for. Rp. egemeana.
ega??ia, egesha, tegemea?)
Egemeo, n. {ma-), prop (e. g.
handrail or balustrade of" staircase),
support, ground of belief or action.
(Cf. prec. and t egemeo.)
Egesha, v. Cs. cause to rest, bring
into close contact, make secure, &c. unless, but. (Ar., if not.' See Ilia.)
find plexion ' fair, fresh, ruddy,' of native
(Cf. '
light-coloured, reddish yellow/ esp.
of Arabs. {-ekundu, -eupe, white,
and -eusi, black, are the only simple
adjs. of colour in Swahili, others are
supplied by reference to typical ob-
jects.)
*Ela, conj. also Ilia, Ila, except,
'

Egesha chombo pwani, bring a vessel *Elafu, n. and a., a thousand.

to land, moor, make fast. E. mashua (Ar. See Elfu.)
ngazini, secure a boat to the gang- *-ele, a. sick, ill, bed-ridden.
way of a ship. Sikumivegesha naye, (Ar. See Mwele, Uele.)
I did not bring him into contact Elea, v. (1) float, be afloat, swim
with him, introduce him to him, (of things), be on the surface.
make him a friend of his. Ps. Chombo chaelea, the vessel is afloat.
egeshwa. Ap. egesh-ea, -ewa, &c. Cs. ele-za, -zwa, set afloat, swim.
Rp. egeskana, e. g. moor two vessels Cf. chelezo. (2) Of uncomfortable
alongside, bring together, come into internal feeling, moyo wanielea, my
contact. heart palpitates, my stomach is upset,
Ehee, int. of assent (spoken with I feel sick, I am nervous. Cs. eleza
rising intonation, and stress on last moyo, nauseate, make nervous, affect
syllable), yes, just so, I quite under- the heart or stomach. (3) fig. be
stand. (Contr. Ee-he, ee-e, of clear, be intelligible. Maneno yake
dissent, and cf. a-haa.) yamenielea, his statement is intelli-
Ekerahi, n. or Ikirahi, aversion, gible to me, I understand what he
disgust, horror, abhorrence,that which says. Ps. elewa. Siclewi maana, I
provokes aversion, &c. (Ar. Cf. ki- do not see the meaning. Cs. ele-za,
rihi, — the e- or i- representing Alif.) -zwa, explain, make clear. Ntaku-
-ekevu, a. having aptitude, having eleza habari, I will explain the
capacity, — of persons. (Cf. wekevu, matter to you. Also Ap. ele-zea,
and -elekevu, of which it is a shortened -zewa, in same meaning. (Dist.
form, -ekevu, for -eekevti, -elekevu. eleka, and elekea, which see.)
See Elekea.) *Eleka, v. carry astride on the
Ekua, v. break, break up, break hip— as native women do their chil-
down, cause to give way. Ekua dren, secured by the arm. Mama,
 ELEKEA 59 EMBE
nieleke, mother, cany me.
please *Elimu, n. and Ilmu, knowledge,
Asio ww ana na eleke jiwe hivi, who- wisdom, science, education,
learning,
ever has not a child, let her just doctrine, teaching. Elimu ndio
bring a stone instead. Cs. form, mwanga twngozao, knowledge is the
elekanya, pile up one on another. guiding light.(Ar. Cf. mwalimu,
(Ar. Cf. beba, and mbeleko.) maalamu, mtaalamu, elimisha, and
Elekea,v.Ap.alsoLekea,(i)point syn. hekima, busara, maarifa,
to, be directed towards, incline to, akili.)
tend to, be opposite, face, correspond -ema, a. {njema with D 4 (P), D 6,
to, agree with; (2) be rightly di- je?na with D 5 (S)), good,— including
rected, be satisfactory, turn out well, goodness of all kinds and degrees,
succeed. Anaelekea kwenda, he is whatever commends itself to feelings,
inclined to go. Maneno haya ya- taste, reason, or conscience, and
meelekea, this matter has been satis- translatable in a corresponding va-
factory. Cs. elek-eza, -ezwa, point, riety of ways, • pleasant, beautiful,
direct, show the way to. Sermala sensible, right.' Muungu ni mwema,
waria awalekeza waanafunzi bass, God is good. Chakula chema, nice
the master carpenter merel) gives food. Kazi nje??ia, sound workman-
directions to his apprentices. El. ship. Uso mwema, a handsome face.
chombo, steer a ship. El. bunduki, Dawa njema lakini si njema, the
aim a gun. El. kidole, point the medicine is effective, but nasty. Lina-
finger. El. njia, show the right lokuja kwa Muungu lote jettia, all is
course. El. nia, direct attention. good that comes from God. Vema,
Elekezana, come to an agreement adv., well, rightly, nicely, &c. A
among themselves. Rp. elekeana, common rejoinder of assent is vema,
be directed towards each other, or to also njema, ngema, very well, cer-
a common point, be facing one tainly. Sema vema, speak clearly.
another, be opposite (contradictory), Tengeneza vema, arrange carefully.
agree, correspond. Obs. also elekana, Sometimes without a noun, mema na
correspond. Cs. eleke-anisha, -ani- maovu ndio ulimwengu, the world is
skwa. (Poss. conn, with Elea, a mixture of good and evil. (Cf.
which see, and cf. follg.) syn. (in some senses) -zuri, -zima,
-elekevu, a. also -lekevu, and and contr. -baya, -ovu, -bovu. Oc-
-ekevu, handy, apt, having a capacity casionally -ema, like -ote, -enyewe,
for or a knack of. Mtu mwelekevu takes pronominal forms. Jawabu
wa kazi, a good capable workman. le?na, a good answer. Zema haziozi,
(Cf. elekea, &c.) good things never go bad.)
Elemea, v. See Lemea. -embamba, a. (nyemb. with D 4
*Elfeen, n. and a., two thousand. (P), D 6, jembamba with D 5 (S)),
(Ar. dual of elfu. Cf. syn. elfu narrow, thin, slim, pinched, confined;
mbili.) (2) fine, delicate, minute (in texture,
*Elfu, n. ( —
and ma-), also Elf,
, fabric, grain). Mtu mw., a thin,
Elafu, and a., a thousand, thousands. spare man. Mlango mw.,z. narrow
Rd. elfu elfu, of enormous numbers, entrance, strait. Mchanga mw., fine
myriads, -a elfti, thousandth. (Ar. sand. Hewa nyemb., all-penetrating,
alf pi. alaf. Cf. elfeen, and syn. thin air. Ngtio nyemb., fine, thin
mia kumi, and obs. e for a.) calico, gauze. (Cf. bamba, 7ibamba,
*Elimisha, v. Cs. with variants and contr. -fiana, -nene.)
eleni'sha, limusha, impart knowledge Embe, n. (— , and of size ma-),
to, instruct, teach, educate. Ps. mango, the of the mwembe, very
fruit
elemiskwa. (Ar. Cf. elimu.) plentiful for three months, Dec. to

EMBWE
Feb., in Z. Various kinds are known
as einbe dodo, very large; sikio la
punda, long and narrow in shape
embe boribo, i.e. the Bourbon mango.
(See Mwembe, and Tunda. Dist.
uemde.)
Embwe, n. (ma-), a kind of
or glue.E. la mbuyu, a sticky paste
made from the fruit of the baobab
tree (mbuyu).
Enda, v. go —
including a wide
range of meanings under the general
idea of motion, such as (i) go, move
forward, proceed, progress (2) begin
;
to go, start, set off; (3) go away,
depart, withdraw; (4) go on, keep
on, continue (5) move, have motion,
;
be in motion, act, work, operate
(6) make its way, occur, have a use,
be possible. (Cf. huenda, kwenda.)
Enda, go away, is commonly fol-
lowed by a pronom. adj. with pfx. z,
as if with njia in plur. understood.
Naenda zangu, I am going away.
Enda zako, go (you) away, also zake,
zetu, zenu, zao. The Rf. form jienda
is used of automatic, easy, or per-
petual motion, e.g. mashua inaji-
enda, the boat goes of itself. The
Rd. form enda enda denotes con-
tinued motion, ' go on and on.' Enda
is used in some phrases idiomatically
without idea of movement, e. g. enda
chafya, sneeze enda mwayo, yawn
;
enda zvazinm, be mad, act as a mad-
man. Enda is also used as a semi-
auxiliary with future meaning and
often followed by an Infinitive Mood
without the Infinitive sign ku-. Maji
yaenda letwa, water is going to be
brought, but usu. including the idea
of some one going for it. Watu
walikwenda kwitwa, the people were
sent for. Mwivi aenda hukumiwa,
the thief is going to be tried. (See
also -endapo.) Enda tembea, go a
walk. Enda kwa miguu, go on foot,
walk. Enda kwafrasi, ride. Enda
kwa gari, drive. Ap. (1) end-ea,
-ewa, -eka, ~ekeza, -eana, &c, go to
(for, by, in, &c). Endea kuni, go
;
;
60 ENDELEO
for (to fetch) firewood. Jiendea, go
voluntarily, walk for pleasure, amuse
oneself, stroll about. (Contr. jienda
above.) Endeka, admit of going
upon, be passable, be practicable,
e. g. of a road. Njia hii haiendeki,
gum this road is impassable. Hakuendeki,
of the weather or circumstances gene-
rally, 'travelling is out of the question.'
Endekeza, make able to go, and so
' adapt, fit,
put in order, put to rights.'
(2) End-elea, -elewa, -eleka, -eleza,
&c, (a) move on, progress, advance,
increase, often further defined by
mbele, forward. Endelea nyuma, go
back, recede, decrease, &c. (b) Con-
tinue indefinitely, have no end. (Cf.
mwendelezi, maendeleo, &c.) Ende-
leza, cause to go on, prolong, keep
working at, make progress with.
End. maneno, make a long speech.
End. mkeka, work at a mat. End.
waraka, go on with a letter. Ende-
leza is also used of spelling, i. e.
making the letters or words go on.
End: neno hili, spell this word.
Cs. end-esha, -eshwa, -es/iana, cause
to go, permit to go, assist to go,
send, dispatch, pay passage of, show
the way to, accompany, &c. Ende-
sha mtoto, teach a child to walk.
Endesha kazi, push on a job. Rp.
endana, e.g. magurudumii yake yana-
;
endana vizuri, its wheels all work
together beautifully, e. g. of watch-
work. (Cf. nenda, enenda, mwendo,
endeleo, mwendelezi, huenda, -endapo,
&c.)
-endapo, a verb-form used, with
Pers. Pfx., and sometimes endapo only
for all persons, as a conj. 'in case of,
if,when it happens that,' e. g. nend-
apo nikifa ao nikaugua, suppose
I died or was taken ill. (From enda
with the generalized meaning hap- '
pen, take place,' and -po, which see.
Cf. huenda.)
Endeleo, n. (ma-), usually in plur.
form, going on, progress, advance,
success. (Cf. enda, mwendelezi }
&c.)
 ) ——
ENEA 61 ENYEWE
Enea, v. be spread out (abroad, (hasty, quick) going. (Cf. enenda,
over), be extended over (among, in), enda, mzuenendo.)
be diffused in, permeate, cover whole Eneo, n. (ma-), extent, spread,
extent (of), become generally known range, reach, province, covering
(among, be distributed (to),
to, in), power, extent covered or affected,
be coextensive (with), correspond (to), sphere of influence. E. la Mu-
be suited (fitted, adapted, for), &c. ungu, omnipresence of God. E. la
Muungu aenea dunia yote, God per- marathi, spread of sickness, affected
vades the whole world, God is omni- area. (Cf. enea, and follg.)
present. Maji yameenea me hi yote, Enezi, n. (ma-), spreading out, ex-
the water has inundated the whole tension, distribution. Cf. Muungu ni
country. Amewagawanyia watu mw enezi, God is the Great Giver.
nguo, lakini haikuenea, he distributed Maenezi ya chakula, dealing out of
cloth to the people, but it did not portions of food, making food go
go round. Upanga amekuenea, the round. (Cf. enea, enezi, eneo, &c.)
sword is your size.
just Ps. enewa. Enga, v. (1) split up, slice up,
Cs. ene-za, -zwa, -zea, -zana, &c, (i) used of preparing cassava (tnuhogo) for
spread, extend, cause to cov :r, dis- cooking. Also (2) coddle, pet, of —
tribute, make coextensive with, adapt, treating a child with overcarefulness.
suit; (2) compare, cause to fit, mea- Sometimes Rd. enga-enga mtoto, spoil
sure one thing with another, take a child (by petting). Ps. engwa.
measure of, judge. Walienezana, Ap. eng-ea, -ewa. (Cf. engua.)
they compared themselves. Alieneza Engua, v. skim, take scum off, re-
mtoto wake, he took his son's measure. move froth, &c, as of fermenting
(Cf. enenza.) Muungu amemwenezea liquor, or in cookery. Ap. eng-
killa mtu riziki zake, God has put ulia, -uliwa. (Cf. prec.)
the means of living in every man's -enu, a. pronom. of 2 Pers. P.,
hands. Eneza habari, publish news, your, yours, of you. (For the pre-
divulge information, advertise. Rf. fixes, and use in combination with
jieneza. Alijieneza mwili mzima ninyi or. wenyewe, or both, see -ake.)
selaha, he armed himself from head -enyewe, a. (like -enyi, follows
to foot. (Cf. eneo, enezi, enejiza.) the rules of the pronominal adjec-
Enenda, v. also Wenda, same as tives, -angu, -ako, &c, as to agree-
enda in the simple senses, ' go, move, ment with nouns) used to express iden-
,

proceed, go but not used by

on,' tity, distinctness, and (of persons)
natives indiscriminately, and not usu- personality. Mtu mwenyewe, the
ally inany derived forms. Waka- man himself, the very person, the
enenda mji mwingine, and they went particular individual. Kasha lenyewe,
to another town. Tumbo la ku- the actual box. Vitu vye7iyewe,
enenda, diarrhoea. the very things. Often with the
Enenza, v. and Enza,
(1) examine, personal pronouns, mirni mwenyewe,
inspect, consider; (2) measure, take wewe mwenyewe, Sec, I myself, you
the measure of, compare by measure- yourself, and sometimes with nafsi
ment. Rp. enenzana. (Cf. eneza added, nipo mitni mwenyewe nafsi
(2), with which it appears identical, yangu, here I am, my own proper
and enezi, but obs. enenzi follg., and particular seif. Sitaki mwenyewe,
enenda. I utterly refuse, I will not have it,
Enenzi, n. (ma-), esp. in plur., a strong emphatic refusal. Also with
going, walking, pace, gait, way of ji in reflexive verbs, e.g. alijiumiza
going on, behaviour. Maenenzi ya mwenyewe, he hurt himself. Mali
polepole {ya haraka, ya tttesi), slow ya mwenyewe, the property of the
 ;

ENYI 62 EPUA
owner, i. e. of some one else, not mine Ps. epwa. Nt. epeka. Ap.
or yours. (Cf. -enyi, and mwenyewe.)
-ewa, -eka, -ekika.
ep-ea, Epea is
Enyi, int. of 2 Pers. P., You also used for another point of view,
there I say, you
! (For ee ninyi. Cf. viz. fail to hit, not be in the line
!

ewe for ee wewe.) of, miss a mark, i. e. of throwing a

-enyi, a. (also -enye, following the missile, &c. Bunduki yaepea, the
rules of pronominal adjectives, -angu, gun misses, does not shoot straight.
&c., as to agreement with nouns), But epeka, be avoided, be avoidable.
having, possessing, with, in a state or Inaepeka, it is avoidable,' you can
condition of. Always followed by a get out of the way of it. (Cs.
noun or equivalent, defining the ob- ep-esha, -eshwa. Rp. epana. Cf.
ject, state, condition, &c. referred to. epua.)
Largely used to supply the lack of -epesi, a. also sometimes -pesi
adjectives in Swahili, admitting as {nyepesi with 4 (P), D
6, jepesi D
it does of combination with (i) with 5 (S)), (1) D
quick, agile, swift,
Nouns, e. g. -enyi matt, wealthy, active, nimble, willing, energetic
-e. mawe, stony, -e. uzuri, beauti- (2) overquick, hasty, rash, impa-
ful, -e. kuwa, self- existent, -e. tient, fiery, quick-tempered ; (3)
enzi, all-powerful, -e. watu wengi, light (in weight, importance, &c),
populous, tumbo,
-e. corpulent, easily moved, light in texture, fine,
-e. mimba, pregnant. (Cf. simi- thin, delicate, insignificant, of no
lar use of prep, -a.) (2) Verb-forms, weight or consequence. Adv.
not only Infinitive, -enyi kutawala, upesi. Njoo upesi, come at once.
ruling, reigning, -e. kwenda, capable (Cf. tipesi, also rahisi, light in weight,
of movement, &c, but also finite and contr. -ziio, and as adv. hima,
-

forms and even sentences, e.g. mwenyi marra moja, sasa hivi.)
ameiba, the man who has stolen, the Epua, v. also Ipua (which see),
thief. Mwejiyi hawezi, a sick man. put out of the way, move away, take
JVani mwenyi ataka kwenda ? Who off, remove. Epua chungu motoni,
wants to go ? Hao tzdio wenyi take the pot off the fire. (Cf.
hatvakuwapo, these are the absentees. contr. teleka, put on.) Nt. epuka
Penyi, kwenyi, mwenyi are also (see below). Ap. epu-lia, -liwa,
commonly used for defining time, -lika. Chuma cha kuepulia sufuria,
place, or circumstances. Penyi an iron handle for lifting off a cook-
mwitu, in a forest. Kwenyi Ijumaa, ing-vessel. Hence epu-liza, -lizwa,
on Friday. Mwenyi hapo, when cause to remove, allow to take away.
he is absent, in his absence. (Cf. Cs. epu-sha, -shwa, Intens., reject,
-enyewe, mwenyeji, mwenyi, mw- put away, avoid, keep at a distance.
inyi.) Nimepushwa, I am kept from, for-
Enza, v. See Enenza. bidden to do (take, &c). Rp.
*Enzi, n. also Ezi, supreme epushana, e. g. of people refusing to
power, sovereignty, dominion, rule. recognize each other in passing.
Mwenyi ezi Mngu, Almighty God. Nt. epuka, used as independent verb,
Kiti cha enzi, chair of state, throne. like epa, avoid, get out of the way of,
(Ar. Cf. syn. mamlaka, utawala, abstain from, withdraw from, keep
nguvu, &c.) from. Ananiepuka, he avoids me,
Epa, v. get out of the way of, keeps out of my way, also anaepuka —
avoid being hit by, swerve from, nami. Ps». epukwa, be avoided.
flinch, shirk, e. g. of avoiding a mis- Ap. epuk-ia, -iwa. Cs. epuk-isha,
sile, a blow, or any danger of the -ishwa. Rp. epiikana, be estranged,
sort. Epa Jiwe, avoid a stone. disunited, discordant, keep out of
 -EREVU 63
—
each other's way, less pointed and pied ground. Kwcupe, dawn of day,
deliberate than epushana above. (Cf. morning fine weather.
light, (Cf.
epa.) opp. -eusi, also -ekundu and note,
-erevu, a. (iiyerevu with 4 (P), D eua, &c, and for brightness' wetipe,
c

D 6, jerevu with D 5 (S)), shrewd, mini, uangafu, mwanga.)

clever, cunning, resourceful, canny, -eusi, a. (nyeusi with D 4 (P),
crafty, —
not often a term of praise, D jeusi with
6, D
5 (S)), black (of
but not always in disparagement, any shade or kind), dark-coloured,
as -janja. mwele-
(Perh. cf. elea, gloomy, dim, dusky, dark, including
wa, and follg., and contr. -jinga, dark shades of blue, green, red, &c,
-pumdafu.) colours being mainly grouped accord-
Erevuka, v. become shrewd, be ing to relative lightness and darkness.
clever, have worldly wisdom, have Watu weusi, natives (in general),
the eyes open. Cs. erevu-s/ia, i.e. non-Europeans. (Cf. weusi,
-s/iwa, make wise, teach prudence to, giza, and opp. -eupe, &c.)
open the eyes of, initiate in the ways Ewaa, int. or Eewaa, commonly
of the world. (Cf. prec.) used in assent, by inferiors or slaves,
*Esha, n. alsoth Isha,
latest 'Yes, Sir! Certainly, Sir!' Also
Mahommedan hour of prayer. Ku- of approval, Just so, that is right.'
'

sali esha, to attend evening prayers. (Ar. = ee wallah, Yes, by God. Cf.
Used for period from 6.30 p.m. to Inshallah, wallai, &c.)
8.30 p.m. (Ar. See Sala.) Ewe, int. for ee wewe, You there
—
!

-etu, a. pronom. of 1 Pers. P., I say, you !

in calling attention or in
our, ours, of us. (For the prefixes remonstrance.
and use in combination with sisi, Ewedeka, v. See Wewedeka.
or wenyewe or both, see -ake.) Eza, v. See Enza for Enenza.
Eua, v. (sometimes heard as aua, Ezeka, v. thatch, cover with thatch,
cf. geuza, gauzd), make white, whiten, i. e. with grass, reeds, or
usually
clean, cleanse, purify, perh. only used cocoanut leaves, makuti. E. paa,
in a ceremonial sense, purification cover a roof with thatch. E. ny-
after defilement by the usual Mahom- timba, thatch a house. Ps. ezekwa.
medan rites, or a sprinkling as a Ap. ezekea, of men or material, sina
charm against disease. Mwa- mtu wa {malt ya) kuniezekea, I have
namke ameeuliwa ujusi, the woman no one (no means) to do my thatch-
has been purified of her uncleanness. ing. (Cf. follg.)
(Cf. -eupe } weuo, and syn. takasa, Ezua, take thatch off, strip a
v.
tohara.) roof, uncover the rafters, as is done, —
-eupe, a. (iiyeupe with D 4 (P), e. g. in Z., when a fire is spreading.
D 6, jeupe with D
5 (S)), (1) white, (Cf. prec.)
of any shade or kind, light-coloured,
bright, clear, transparent; (2) clean, F.
clear of all obstruction, open, un- 2? represents the same sound as in
occupied (3) pure, righteous. Watu
; English.
wetipe, white people, Europeans, but Fand v are not distinguished
it is also used of light-coloured Arabs, in Arabic, and in some Svvahili
Indians, Abyssinians, &c. Moyo words they .gre not clearly distin-
mweupe, a pure, honourable, upright guishable, as in the adjectival termi-
character. Inchi haina mwitu, ny- nation -fu or -vu, e. g. in -kamilifu,
eupe, the country is open and tree- •vumilivu, and in words like futa
less. Peupe, an open place, clearing (vula), Jiritiga (viringa), fzikiza
in a forest, square in a town, unoccu- (vukiza), funda {vunja), though a
 —
FA 64 FAHAMIT
difference of meaning
is often in- fice). Zawadi yako ilinifaa sana,
volved. Cf. faa and vaa, fua and your present was of great service to
viia, &c. Hence words not found me. Itafaa, it will do. Haifai, it
under Fmay be looked for under V. is of no use, nonsense, rubbish. Ma-
F before the causal formative -y neno yasiyofaa, improper language.
sometimes represents p in the simple Kufaa hakuthtiru, being of use does
verb, e. g. ogopa has a Cs. form no harm. Ps. fawa (not usual).
ogofya as well as ogofisha, and apa Ap. falia, faliwa, faliana. Rp.
has afya as well as apisha, apiza. faana, give mutual assistance, &c.
(Cf. similar change of v for b in (Cf. mafaa, kifaa. Fana is some-
gomba, ugomvi, iba, mwivi.) times used for faa. Cf.fanikia.)
Fa, v. (also kufa in some forms. Fafanisha, v. also Fafanusha,
For the use of ku- before monosylla- liken, compare, explain (i. e. use
bic verb-roots see Ku- 1 (</).) (i) comparison and illustration), make
die, perish, cease to be (live, act, clear. Nifafanishe na nini ? What
work, feel) (2);
lose strength, shall I liken it to? Fafanisha ma-
decay, benumbed
fade, be (3) ;
neno, explain a statement, make a
come to an end. Wengi walikufa clear statement. (Cf. mfano, fa-
vitani, many died in war. Kufa, nana, and follg.)
or kufa kwa, marathi {iijaa, maji, Fafanua, v. (1) explain also (2);

baridi, &c), to die by pesti- recognize,understand, see clearly.

lence (famine, drowning, cold, &c).
Njia imektifa, the path is disused.
Sheria inakufa, the law is falling
into abeyance, becoming obsolete.
Aip.fia,fwa, esp. (1) in local sense,
fa barra (bahari), die up country
(at sea), and (2) in a pathetic sense,
die to the loss or sorrow of, e. g.
amefa mamaye, he has died to his
mother's sorrow, he has died and
left his mother to mourn him.
Maua yamenifia kwa jtia, the sun
has killed my poor flowers. Kufa
jua and kufa jua are used of sun-
stroke. Esp. common in .the Ps.,
i.e. fwa, have a death in one's
family or among one's friends. Ku-
mefitva, there has been a death.
Nt.fafamika, be clear, be known, be
intelligible. With Ap. fafanukia,
be clear to. Nyumba ya Sultani
imefafanukia, the Sultan's place is
clearly in view. K^.fafanu-lia, -liwa,
make clear to. Cs.fafami-ska, -shwa,
make clear, explain. (Cf. mfano,
fanana, fafanisha, and syn. tambua,
pa7nbanua, e/eza.)
Fagia, v. sweep (with brush,
broom, besom). Ps. fagiwa. Ap.
fagi-lia, -liwa, sweep at, sweep away
(for, with, in, &c). Sinaya kufagilia,
I have nothing to sweep with. Pame-
fagiliwa vizuri, the place is beauti-
fully swept. (fZi.fagio, ufagio.)
Fagio, n. {nia-) a large brush,
— }

broom, besom, for sweeping floors,

Alifiwa na mtoto, he lost his child. &c. (Cf. common ufagio.)
Nakitnbia pafiwapo ,nakimbilia pali- *Fahali, n. (ma-), bull, seldom in
wapo, I xun from a house of mourn- Z. of othermale animals. Mafahali
ing, I run to a house of feasting. waw-ilihawakai zizi moja, two bulls
Cs. fs/ia, fishwa, fishia, fisliiwa, cannot live in the same farmyard.
fshana, cause to die, put to death. But used descriptively of men, of
Amemfishia kazi yake, he has ruined special manliness, vigour, courage,
his work. Jifisha, destroy oneself, &c. (Ar. -of male horse or camel.)
of suicide. (Cf. -fu, ufu, kifo, *-fahamifu, a. intelligent, acute,
fufua, ?ffa.) with quick comprehension, having a
Faa, be of use, be good of its
v. good memory. (Ar. Cf. fahamu.)
kind, help, be enough, do (i. e. suf- *Fahamu, v. (1) know, perceive,
 FAHARI 65 FANYA
comprehend, understand (2) remem- ;
Fanikia, v. turn out well for,
ber, recall to mind, bear in mind succeed. Fs.fanihiwa, have (a thing)
;

(3) be conscious, have one's senses. turn out well, succeed, prosper. Cs.
Often in Imperat. as a kind of ex- fanik-isha, -ishwa, -ishia, -ishiiva.
pletive. Fahamu ! or merely Fa- (Cf.fanya, and Jana, faa.)
ham I Take notice Observe Lo ! *Fanusi, n. lantern, lamp. (Ar.)
!

and behold ! I tell you Ps. fahami-

! Fanya, v. make. One of the com-
wa. ~N\..fahamika. A-p.faha?u-ia, monest verbs in Swahili, always im-
•iwa. Cs. faham-isha, ishwa, cause plying some result, purpose, or ob-
to know, inform, instruct, remind, ject, beyond mere act, for which
put in mind. —
n. sense, conscious- tenda is used. Its many applications
ness. Kupata fahamu, recover con- may be distinguished as
sciousness, come to one's senses. make to be, produce, manufacture.
—
(1) make,

Hana fahamu ya moyo, he has lost F. kasha (nj'ia, shamba), make a

consciousness. (Ar. Cf. tanibua, box (road, plantation). Zifanywazo,
jua, sikia, and for remember,' kti- manufactured articles. F. ndege, make
'

mbuka also ufahamti, ufahamifu.) a (model of, picture of, an artificial)

;

*Fahari, n. (1) grandeur, glory, (Cf. timba, and huluku, of

bird.
pomp, sublimity, magnificence actual creation.) F. mayai, produce
(2) ;

display, show, ostentation. Su/tani

eggs. F. mali, amass wealth. F.
anakaa kwa fahari kubwa, the Sultan shauri, make a plan, consider. (2)
lives in great state. Piga fahari, play Do, work at, engage in (of the opera-
the grandee, make a vulgar show of tion rather than the result' F. hazi,
1

—
.

wealth. So fanyaf,j'ifanyaf v. work, labour. F

biashara, carry on
VS.jifaharisha, make a display, show trade. F. shughuli, attend to busi-
off. ness. Nifanyeni ? What steps am I
*Faida, n. and Fayida, profit, to take ? F. vyovyote, act recklessly,
gain,, advantage, interest. (Ar. Cf. at random. (3) Bring about a result,
chumo, pato.~) cause, compel. F. aende, take steps
*Faidi, v. get profit (from), derive to make him go, make him go. (This
benefit (from, by), turn to good ac- sense is usually expressed by the
count, prosper. Ap.faid-ia, -iwa. Causative form of verbs, or by another
Cs.faidisha. (Ar. Q{. syn.chtima.) word of definite compulsion, e. g.
*Faitika, v. be delayed, be kept lazimu, shurutisha, juzu.) (4) Bring
back, be hindered (from going, &c). into play, allow to happen, give spon-
(Ar.) taneous vent to, esp. of the feelings,
*Fakiri, n. a poor person, beggar. feel, show.' F. furaha, rejoice.
'

(Ar. Cf. fukara, and syn. maskini, F. hofu (hasira), be afraid (angry).
mwombaji.) F. fahari, give oneself airs, play the
*Falaki, n. astronomy, astrology, grandee. (5) Make in imagination,
esp. in the phrase piga f. i. e. (1) take suppose, regard as.
, Umenifanya
the omens, by observing the stars or nmni mgonjiva, you thought (made
other ways. Also (2) fig. take time to out) that I was ill (when I was not).
consider. (Ar. Cf. piga bao, una- Jifanya, make oneself, pretend to be,
jimu, ramli, ndege, &c, and follg.) disguise oneself as. Usifanye mzaha,
*Fali, n. omen. (Arab.) do not suppose it is a joke, do not
Fanana, v. be like, be similar, make fun of it. Ps. fanywa. Nt.
resemble, — with na of object com- fanyika, e. g. be done, be able to be
pared. Qs. fananisha, make like, done, be practicable. Hence fany-
liken, compare. (Cf. mfano, and ikia, -ikiwa, be done for (for the
syn. lingana.) benefit of, &c), turn out well for ;
 FARA 66 FARIKI
and also 'be favourable to,part of a weaver's loom.
favour, (Ar. Cf.
give prosperity to.' Nimefatiyikiwa, fariki.)
I have prospered, things have gone *Farakana, v. become parted, be
well with me. Ap. fany-ia, -iwa, estranged, be separated. Kufara-
-iana, e. g. do for (to, with, at, &c). kana hakuvunji knjuana, separation
Cs. fany-iza, -izwa also fanza, is not the end of acquaintance.
;
(Ar.
fanzwa. Hence fany-izia, -iziwa, Cf. faraka, fariki?)
-izika,fanzia, fanziwa, cause to *Faranga, n. {ma-), young bird,
make, cause a making of, cause to nestling, and esp. chick, chicken.
be made, repair, put in order, mend, (? Ar. faruj. Cf. syn. kinda, mtoto
have (a thing) done (by giving or- wa ktiku.)
ders, personalattention, &c.) provide, ,
-faransa, a. and Fransa, Farasa,
get ready. Nifanzie nyumba Mi, French. Mfaransa, a Frenchman.
have this house put in order for me. Kifransa, the French language, of
Ntafanyiza, I will have it done (see the French kind. Ufransa, ox Fransa,
to it). Fanza chakula, get a meal or Ulaya Fransa, France (from Fran-
ready. Sometimes intensive, e. g. fais) .

wakamfanza killa namna, they did *Farasi, n., commonly Frasi,

all sorts of things to him (of ill- horse. Enda kwa frasi, ride, go
treatment). Rp.fanyana, of mutual, on horseback (contr. enda kwa
concerted action, co-operation, e. g. miguii). Mpanda frasi, a horseman,
with kazi, work shauri, delibera- trooper (in cavalry).
; Panda frasi
tion biashara, trade.
; (In some of (or, juu ya frasi), mount a horse.
the deriv. forms, thej sound is often Shuka put ya frasi, dismount. Also
not distinguishable, e. g. faniza, used in joinery, cross-bar, tie-beam. —
fanika, and o.i.fanikia,v. Cf. tenda, (Ar.)
which can sometimes be used con- *Farathi, n. (1) a matter of neces-
vertibly with fanya.) sity, obligation, prescribed duty, esp.
*Fara, n. brim, brimful. Pishi of religion. Nina farathi ya kula,
yafara, a full ^*.s7« (see Pishi"), about I am bound to have some food (cf.
6 oz. weight. Fara ya pishi is also lazima, sharti). (2) Place of resort,
used for 1 2 pishi, i. e. fara, a dozen. haunt, usual abode. Chakula pale
Adv. fara, or farafara, e. g. kujaa tdapo, ndio farathi yako, where you
farafara, to be full to the brim, be take your meals, that is your abode.
quite full. (Ar. Cf. furifurii (Ar.)
s
furika, and perh. fura. ) *Fariji, v. comfort, console, re-
*Faragha, n. privacy, seclusion, lieve, ease, bless. Ps. farijiwa.
leisure, retirement, Secrecy. Sinaf. Nt. farijika (and farajikd). Ha-
leo, have no time to-day, I am
I en- farijiki kabisa, she is quite incon-
gaged. Faraghani, in seclusion, in solable. Ap. farij-ia, -iwa, -iana.
secrecy. Kwa faragha, and as adv. (Ar. Cf. faraja, mfariji, and syn.
faragha, secretly, privately. (Ar. burudisha, ttiliza.)
Cf. siri, upweke, utawa, eda.) *Fariki, v. (1) depart (from), part
*Faraja, n. comfort, relief, cessa- company (with), but esp. (2) die, de-
tion of pain, ease, consolation. Pata cease. Hawezi kumfariki mkewe,
f, be relieved. (Ar. Ci.firiji, and he cannot bear to leave his wife.
follg., and syn. baridi, uttdizo.) Amefariki dunia, he has departed
*Farajika, v. Nt. See Fariji. this life (lit. from the world). Ap.
(Ar.) farik-ia, -iwa, -iana. Amefarikiwa
*Faraka, n. a comb-like instru- na mumewe, she has lost her hus-
ment for keeping threads apart, band (by death or desertion). Cs.
 FARO 67 FELEJI
farik-isha, -ishwa, separate, set found, startle. (Ar. Cf. fathaa,
apart, put away. Rp. see Fara- and syn. angaika, stuka.)
kana. (Ar. Cf. faraka, and syn. *Fathili, v. do a kindness (to),
ondoka, tenga, and for die/ fa.)
'
confer a favour (on), put under an
*Faro, n. See Kifaro. obligation, esp. as the act of a su-
*Faroma, n. or Faruma, a block perior. Ps. fathiliwa. Nt. fa-
or mould to put caps on after wash- thilika, receive a favour. Muungu
ing, to prevent shrinking and pre- hafathiliwi, there is no such thing as
serve shape. (Ar.) doing God a favour. Cs. fathili-
*Farumi, n. ballast in a ship. sha, -shwa, put under an obligation.
Chombo halina kitu, utie farumi ki- — n. also Fathali, favour, kindness,
pate kuwa kizito, the dhow is empty, benefit, privilege. A kill ni aliyo- f
put some ballast on board to give it fathiliwa bin Adamu, intellect is a
weight. (Hind.) special privilege conferred on man.
*Fashini, n. a block of wood Nimekula f. yao, I have experienced
fastened to the stern post {bumid) kindness from them, I am under an
in a native-built vessel, and carrying obligation to them. Hana (or hajui)
the rudder (insukani). f, he has no sense of favour, he is
*Fasihi, a. correct, pure, elegant, ungrateful. Lipa f, return a kind-
lucid (in taste or style), esp. of utter- ness. (Ar. Cf. afathali, tafathali.)
ance or writings. Nif. wa kusema, *Fatiha, and FafrLha, a Ma-
n.
he has a good style of speaking. hommedan office, or form of service,
(Ar. Cf. tifasihi, and syn. swaji.) usually a reading from the Coran,
*Fasiki, n. an immoral, profligate, used at various ceremonies, e. g.
vicious person. (Ar. Cf. ufasiki, marriage, a funeral, visiting a grave,
and syn. asherati, mfsadi.) occupying a new house, starting on
*Fasili, n. sprout, shoot. Huna an expedition. (Properly, but not
asili wala fasili, you have neither only, of an opening or introductory
root nor offshoot, i. e. family or con- service, cf. hitima similarly of a
nexions, position or prospects. closing service.) Somaf, loaf, per-
(Arab.) form a service, usually the office of a
*Fasiri, v. explain, interpret, mwalimu. Jumbe akawao?nbea fa-
translate. Ps. fasiriwa. Nt. fa- tiha wavuvi, the chief had a dis-
sirika. Ap.fasir-ia, -iwa. Cs. missal service for the fishermen.
fasiri-sha, -shwa. (Ar. Cf. ufa- (Ar. Cf. sala, hitima, buruda, hu-
siri, tafsiri, and syn. fafanua, tuba, &c.)
eleza.) *Fatiish.i, v. prey, search, be in-
*Fataki, n. gun cap. Also used quisitive. (Ar. Cf. tafiti.)
of crackers, and other small fireworks. *Faulu, v. (i) of a vessel, get
(Ar.) round (a point), get past, weather,
*Fathaa, n. and Fazaa, dismay, and hence (2) succeed, obtain one's
confusion, perplexity, trouble, dis- wish. Amefaulu, he has made his
quiet, bustle, agitation. Muungu point, he has scored. (Ar. Cf.
hana fathaa, yuna saburi, God is syn. pata, shinda, fanikiwa.)
not hasty, but patient. Shikwa na Feka, v. also Fyeka, clear away
f, be thrown into confusion. (Ar. trees and brushwood, clear forest
of fear. Cf. follg. and syn. ghasia, land. Feka mwitu, make a clearing
B. mashaka, matata.) in a forest.
*Fathaika, v. be troubled, dis- Felefele, n. an inferior kind of
turbed, confused, &c, see Fathaa. millet (Mtama).
Cs. fatha-isha, -ishwa, abash, con- *Feleji, n. or Fereji, steel of a
F 2
 FELETI 68 FIDIA
good Upanga wa/., a long
quality. *Feuli, n. baggage compartment,
straight double-edged sword, often in stern of native vessel.
carried by Arabs. (Ar. Cf. pua.) *Fi, prep, on, with, in such
*Feleti, v. discharge, let go, re- phrases as saba ji saba, seven by
lease, procure release of, esp. of seven, seven times seven ; also ex-
discharging an obligation or debt for pressed by saba marra saba, seven
some one. (Arab. Cf. fungua, times seven. (Arab.)
komboa.) Fia, v. Ap. See Fa.
*Feli, n. act, deed, way of acting. Fiata, v. See Fyata.
Ndio fell ya yule mtoto, that is what Ficha, v. hide (from), conceal
the boy did, the way he went on. (from), disguise, take shelter (from),
Umrudi aache fieli yoke, reprove him give shelter (to), cover. With double
that he may leave off his (bad) ways. obj. Amenificha habari, he concealed
(Arab. Cf. syn. B. Undo, kitendo, the news from me. Alimficha kq/ia,
kazi.) he hid his cap from him. Ps.
*Fenessi, n. {ma-), jack-fruit. See fichwa, (1) be hidden from (some-
Mfenessi. F. la kizungu is used of thing) ; (2) be kept from seeing
both durian, and bread-fruit. (knowing, hearing something). Nt.
*Feraji, n. {via-), a large ditch, fichika. Ap. fich-ia, -iwa. Alim-
channel. Cf. more usual mfereji. fichia kojia, he hid his cap for him
(Ar. Cf. handaki, shimo.) (at his request), or from him, i.e.
—
*Feruzi, n. turquoise, a common to his loss or sorrow, like the Pr.
name among the lower classes, like ficha. Cs.fich-isha, -ishwa. Rp.
Almasi, diamond. (Ar.) fichana, conceal (or, hide) from each
*Fetaa, v. commonly Fetwa, give other ; fichamana, hide themselves
a legal decision, judge a point (of away all together (or, by common
Mahommedan) law, give judgement. consent). Rf. jificha, &c. Kuji-
Ps. fetiwa, be judged, be sentenced. ficha mvna, take shelter from rain.
(Arab, for usual hukunm, amua.) Kihema cha kujifichia, a tent to take
*Feth.a, n. (i) silver; (2) money, refuge in. Bandari hii imejificha
coin, cash, — in general. Mkufu wa kwa upepo mbaya, this port is shel-
/., silver neck-chain, —
often of great tered from dangerous winds. (Cf.
length, as a convenient means of kificho, mfichifichi, mfichaji, and syn.
investing and storing money. Ana setiri,funika.)
f. nyingi, he is very wealthy. F. Ficho, n. usually in plur., i. e. ma-
tayari (or, mkononi), ready money, ficho, hiding-place, concealment, dis-
cash (cf. taslivm, nakudi). F. ya guise. (Ci. ficha.)
kuchwa, a day's pay. (Ar. Cf. *Fidi. v. ransom, pay ransom for,
for 'coin,' sarafu, pesa.) deliver by payment. Mali yake
*Fethaluka, n. marijani ya /., imemfidi katika kifungo, his wealth
the true red coral. Ushanga wa /., got him out of prison. Vs.fidiwa.
?a shiny semi-transparent kind of Ap. fidia. Amemfidia babaye kwa
bead. (Cf. marijani, and akiki.) reale mia, he has paid ransom for his
*Fetheha, n. disgrace, a disgrace- father with a thousand dollars. (Ar. •

ful thing, shame, scandal. (Ar. Cf. dia, fidia, kifidio, and common
Cf. follg. and syn. aibu, haya.) syn. komboa, ukombozi.)
*Feth,ehe, v. disgrace, bring shame *Fidia, n. ransom, fine, money paid
on, dishonour, put to shame. Ps. as composition or reparation. Hnyu
fethehewa. Nt. fetheheka. Cs. hawi fidia ya gidamu ya kiatu cha
fetheh-esha, -eshwa. (Ar. Cf. babangu, he is not worth my father's
aibisha, tahayarisha, tweza.) shoe-lace. (Ar. Cf. dia, and prec.)
 FIFIA 69 FINGIRIKA
Fifia, v. be dying away, fade, pine, liana, these statements converge on
dribble away, disappear, e.g. of a the same point, come to the same
flower, an ink spot, a scar, &c. thing, coincide. (Cf. mfiko, and
Ps. fifiwa. Ap. Jifi-lia, -liwa. syn./a {jia), pata {patia), &c.)
Rangiyake imefifilia mbali, its colour *Fikara, n. and Fikira, thought,
has completely faded away. Cs. thoughtfulness, meditation, considera-
ffi-liza, -Hzwa, e. g. jua limefifiliza tion, reflection, esp. in the plur. Ana
mwanga wa mwili, the sun has taken f. zake, he is thoughtful. Yuko
all the gloss off the body. Also of katikaf. zake, he is buried in thought.
money disappearing gradually, filch Wamepata f. ya kujenga, they have
'

away/ {Qi.fa, die, and fufua.) got an idea of building. (Ar. Cf.
Figa, n. esp. in plur. majiga, i. e. fikiri, ufikira?)
three stones used as a tripod to sup- Fikicha, v. crumble in the fingers,
port a cooking pot over a fire. Also rub to pieces, e. g. of lumps in flour,
called mafya (see Jifya), but the clods of earth, and husking grain by
common word in Z. town is meko rubbing.Vs.Jikichwa. Nt.jiki-
(for majiko, see Jiko). chika, -kana, be crumbly, easily
Figili, n. {ma-), and Fijili, a kind crumbled, friable. Ap. fiki-chia,
of radish, both root and leaves being -chiwa.
used as vegetables. See Mfigili. *Fikiri, v. think (about), ponder
Figo, n. {ma-), kidney, but in Z. (over\ meditate (upon), consider,
usually nso, which see. reflect (about). Also Rd. of deep or
Fika, v. arrive (at), reach, get to, repeated thought. Ps. Jikiriwa.
'

come (to). F. Unguja, arrive at Nt. Jikirika. Ap. fikiria, -iwa.

Zanzibar. F. mji, or tnjini, arrive Cs.Jikir-isha, -ishwa, cause to think,
at a town. F. kwake, reach make thoughtful, sober. (Ar. Cf.
his home. Ap. Jik-ia, -iwa, -ika, waza, tia moyoni, and dist. thani,
-iana. Waraka wako mnenifikia, nia.)
your letter has reached me. Fikika, Filia,v. Ap. from fa, fia (which see).
be accessible, be approachable, be *Filifili, n. (
hospitable (cf.Jika, karibika). Also square. (Hind.)
), —
a carpenter's

fik-ilia, -iliwa. Nimefikiliwa, I have Filimbi, n. a kind of flute. Mpi-

had an arrival of guests, I am engaged gafilimbi, a flute-player.
with visitors. Fikiliza, see below. *Filisi, v. sell up, declare bank-
Cs.Jik-isha, -ishiva, -iza,-izwa, -iliza, rupt, distrain on goods of, make
-ilizwa, with further deriv. jikishia, bankrupt, ruin. Wall alimfilisi
Jikilizia, &c. Chakula hiki kitaniji- the governor sold
Abdallah, up
kisha kwetu, this food will take me Abdallah.Ps. Jilisiwa. Nt.
home. Ntai}ifikisha mbele njiani, filisika, —
of person or goods. Ab-
I will conduct him some way on the dallah amefilisika, Abdallah is bank-
road. Alimfikishia mbele mzigo, he rupt, has lost all his money. Ap.
carried his load ahead for him. Fiki- filis-ia, -iwa. Cs.Jilis-isha, -ishwa.
liza mabaya, bring evil (on). Fiki- (Ar.) •

liza ahadi, perform a promise, carry Fimbo, n. a stick, esp. a light

out an engagement. Fikilishia matu- stick carried in the hand, a walking-
kano, abuse. Fikizana and other stick, a switcfc. (Cf. bakora for
Rp. forms, see below. ~R^.Jika7ia, various kinds of stick, and ufito.)
arrive together. Hence fikanisha. Finessi, n. See Fenessi.
Fikiana, meet together, arrive at Fingirika, v. (also occurs as
same place. Fikizana, fikilizana, bingirika, and so in deriv. forms),
jikiliana. Mane7io haya yanafiki- go by rolling (by turning round), roll
 FHNTYA 70 FO-FO-FO
—
round, berolled along, as a log not as Firigisi, n. gizzard.
a stationary revolving wheel (cf. zu- *Firuzi, n. See Feruzi. (Ar.)
nguka), but implying movement, e. g. *Fisadi, n. {ma-), a corrupter,
of a wounded snake. Cs. fingir- esp. a corrupter of women, a seducer,
isha, -ishwa, push along something an immoral person. (Ar. Cf.
round, roll (something) along. Usi- ufisadi, fisidi, and syn. fasiki, mto-
choweza kuchiikua, ufingirishe, what ngozi.)
you cannot carry, move by rolling. Fisha, v. Cs. of fa, which see.
(Cf. viringa, viringika, mviringo, Fisi, n. the common kind of hyaena.
where v seems a variant for f. Also (Cf. kingubwa.)
cf. zunguka, &c. of circular motion, *Fisidi, v. also Fisadi, corrupt,
and duara, duru.) seduce, esp. of corrupting women.
Finya, v. (i) pinch, pinch up, (Ar. Ci.fisadi)
press with fingers or nails, nip ; (2) *Fithuli, a. and -fithuli, arro-
make (or, be) narrow (pinched, con- gant, insulting, officious, self-assert-
tracted). Alinifinya nikalia, he ing. (Ar. Cf. t fithuli, mfithuli,
gave me a pinch, and I screamed. and follg.)
F. jicho, half close the eye, as in *Fithulika, v. be arrogant, bluster,
dozing. F. uso, wrinkle the face, use insulting lapguage, swagger, be
frown. Kiata chanifinya, the shoe insolent. Ap. fithuli-kia, -kiwa,
is tight (pinches me). Rd. finya- be insolent to. (Ar. Cf. fithuli,
finya, used of pinching up, or crumb- and kiburi.)
ling small, as food for children. (Cf. *Fitina, n. (1) discord, variance,
vinyaJ) Kpfinyana, (1) be pinched antagonism, quarrelling, misunder-
together, be wrinkled, be creased, be standing. Fanya /., tia /., cause
folded (2) be narrowed, contracted,
;
discord, slander, be cause of discord.
cramped, confined. Uso umefinyana, (2) Tumult, mutiny, insurrection ; (3)
his face is frowning (wrinkled). a source of discord, an agitator, a
Mlango umefinyana, the door is fire-brand. Akatokea mtu mmoja
narrow. Adui sharti afinyane, the fitina, a certain mischief-worker
enemy must certainly shrivel up. appeared on the scene. (Ar. Cf.
{Ci.finyo zndfinyanga; and for pinch- follg. and ufitina, ugomvi, ztasi.)
ing, nyakua, and for making folds or *Fitini, v. cause discord (among\
creases, kunja, kunjamana.) make mischief, set at variance, cause
Finyanza, v. also Finyanga, to quarrel, make mutinous. Ps.
Finyanja, knead clay, with hands fitiniwa. Nt. fitinika. Ap.
or feet, as potters do, and hence do fitin-ia, -iwa, -ika.
'
Cs. fitin-isha,
potters' work, make vessels of clay,' - ishwa . Rp filiniana.
.

i. e. fanya vyombo vya udongo. *Fitiri, n. alms and presents given

(Cf. mfinyanzi, and finya, of which at the end of Ramathan, the Mahom-
finyanza seems to be a derivative, medan month of fasting. (Ar. Cf.
equivalent to finyanisha.) futari, futuru.)
Finyo, n. {ma-), crease, fold, Fito, n. plur. of uflto, which see.
narrow place, narrowness. Mafinyo Fiwa, v. Ps. Ap. of fa, which
ya uso, wrinkles on the face, whether see.
of a frown or grimace. Njia y a finyo, Fiwi, n. a kind of bean used as
a narrow road. (Cf. finya.) food in Z., Cape bean. (For others,
Fira, v. commit sodomy, adultery, cf. kunde, choroko, mbaazi, dengu.)
fornication. Rp.firana. Fo-fo-fo, adv. kufafo-fo-fo, to die
*Firaka, n. penis. (Arab. Cf. outright, sudden death. (Cf.fa, -fu,
syn. B. mboo. Ci.fariki.) kifo,fifia, fufua. )
 —
FOROMALI 71 FUAWA
*Foromali, n. yard (of a ship), i. e. (with, &c), wash for.
at, Cs.
tnti wa kufungia tanga, the spar fu-liza, -lizwa, e.g. (1) set to work
that carries the sail. It is controlled as smith or washerman, employ, have
by braces fore, baraji, and aft, hama- work done by them. Also (2) of the
rawi, and hoisted by the henza, which artisan, procure work. Fuliza nguo,
see, and cf. tanga. get clothes for washing, i.e. take in
*Forsadi, n. fruit of the mulberry washing. (3) Keep on at, hammer
tree (mforsadi). at, cause to hammer or keep on,
*Fortha, n.and Forotha, custom- continue doing, in a general sense, —
house. The locative form forthani is for which see Fuliza. Rp.fuana,
commonly used in Z. for the place, and work together as smiths, &c, help
also for the district (mtaa), in which each other, or actually beat ( hammer) '

it is situated. (Ar.) each other.' (Cf. mfua, fuawa,

*Frasi, n. also Farasi, horse, fuawe, kifua, mfuo, ufuko, fuo, and
mare. (Ar. See Farasi.) for striking, piga, chapa, menya, &c.
-fu, a. (rarely in any forms except Dist. vita.) n. see Mafua, and—
mfu, wafu, kifuy mafti), dead. Mfu, cf. kifua.
a dead person. Kifu, a dead thing. Fuama, v. lie on the face not —
Maji mafu, neap tides. (Cf.fa, ufu, often in Z. Cs. fuamisha. (Cf.
kifo, fifia, fufua.) lalafulifuli.)
Fua, n. ( —
or of size ma-), (i)
, Fuasa, copy, imitate, follow
v.
Cs. fuas-isha, -ishwa.
a round wooden tray with raised rim, a pattern.
used for washing clothes on, a shallow Fuasisha sauti kwa kinanda (in
wooden bowl hand-washing, &c.
for music), accompany singing on the
(cf. fua, and chano, and for
v. piano. {Ci.fuata and mfuasi.)
other kinds chungu). (2) Only in Fuata, v. (1) follow, come next
the plural mafua, chest, chest com- to, succeed, come behind, pursue;
plaint. (See Mafua, and cf. kifua, (2) imitate, copy, accompany (in
and fua, v.) music), do like, be like; (3) obey,
Fua, v. beat, strike, hammer, but keep to, abide by, be follower (ad-
usually limited to certain operations, herent) of. Fuata maji yaendako,
viz. (1) of smith's work, work at swim with the stream. Bendera ya-
(a metal), make (of a metal). F. fuata pepo, the flag follows the wind.
chuma (shaba, fetha), work in iron Ntafuata mbio na pembe hizi ndogo,
(brass, silver), follow the trade of I will accompany the tune with these
blacksmith (silversmith, &c). F. little horns. Often/, nyuma, follow
kisu (jembe), make a knife-blade behind. F. sheria, keep the law.
(hoe). Cf. rnfua {chuma, fetha, &c), F. Muhammadi, be a Mahommedan.
and mhunzi. (2) Of laundry work, Ps. fuatwa. Ap. fuat-ia, -iwa.
wash clothes the native way,
in Cs. fuat-isha, -ishwa, often intens.,
dashing them on a stone or board. —
copy carefully also Fuasa, which
Mfua nguo, a washerman men only — see. Rp. fuatana, accompany,
making a profession of washing follow in a crowd. Fuatanisha, send
commonly called dobi in Z. (Cf. (some one) to accompany. (Cf.
dobi, and chachaga.) (3) Of husking andama, mfuasi, mafuatano.)
cocoanuts, by dashing them on a Fuatano, *. {ma-), a following,
pointed stake. Fua nazi, clean a succession, esp. in plur., e. g. maftia-
cocoanut. Vs.fuliwa. Nt.yfy- tano ya sauti, a tune, melody. (Cf.

lika. Madini hii haifuliki, this fuata.)

metal is unworkable. Ap.fu-lia, Fuawa, v. be beaten, hammered,
•liwa, -liana, e. g. work metal for e.g. of a vessel aground, and exposed
 FTJAWE 72 FUKUZA
to the full force of the waves. (Seems thin kind of porridge (of rice flour,
seldom used. Perh. Ps. form of with sugar, honey, spice, &c), served
fua, v., cf. follg.) to guests at an entertainment or
Fuawe, n. anvil, i.e. something to festival.
be hammered upon. *Fukara, n. a poor man, beggar.
(Cf. fua, v.,
zndfuawa.) Fukara hahehohe, of extreme destitu-
Fudifudi, adv. on the face, face tion. (Ar. Cf. fakiri, fukarika,
downwards. Lala fudifudi, lie on and syn. maskini, mwombaj'i.)
the face. {Qi.fulifuli, and follg.) *Fukarika, v. become poor. (Ar.
Fudikiza, v. turn upside down Cf.fukara, and opp. tajiri, tajirika.)
(inside out, face downwards), turn Fuke, n. See Vuke. (Cf. fuka,
over, e. g. of cards in playing. (Cf. vuka.)
fudifudi, and syn. pindukiza.) Fukia, v. fill in (a hole, grave,
Fufua, v. cause to revive, bring to &c), dig in, cover in. F. kaburi,
life again, resuscitate, restore, revive. fill up a grave. Akaifukia sakafu
F. maiti, bring a dead man to life. yote kwa mchanga, and he filled up
F. mgonjwa, give strength to an all (the holes in) the floor with sand.
invalid. F. deni, bring up a for- Alifukia kitabu katika sanduku, he
gotten debt. Nt. fufuka. Ap. covered up the book in the box.
fufu-lia, -liwa. Cs. fuful-iza, Nyufnba ilimfukia, the house (when
-izwa. (Cf. fa, fifia, ufufuo, ufu- it fell) buried him. Ps. fukiwa.
fuko, and syn. huisha, ams/ia.) Nt. fukika. Ap. fuk-ilia, -iliwa,
Fuga, v. (i) keep in confinement, -ilika. Tundu linafukilika kwa
rear, breed (of tame animals, stock, udongo, the hole can be filled in with
poultry, &c.) ; and
tame, domesti-
(2) earth. Cs. fuk-iza, -izwa, -isha,
cate, break in wild animals).
(of -ishtva. Rp. fukiana. (Cf. fuka,
Fuga ngombe (mbuzi, kuku), keep which is seldom heard, and fukua,
cows (goats, fowls). Ps. fugwa. also mfuko.)
Nt. fugika. Frasi huyu kafugiki, Fukiza, Fukizo. See Vukiza,
this horse is not (or, cannot be) Vukizo.
broken in. Ap.fug-ia, -iwa. Cs. Fuko, n. (1) (ma-), a large bag
fugi-s-ha, -skwa, e. g. of professional or pocket, saddle-bag. (Cf. for
horse-breaking. (Cf. fugo, mfitgo. various kinds, ?nftiko.) (2) Hole,
Perh. cf.funga.) place dug out. Jvuku achimba fuko •,

Fugo, n. {via-), breeding, rearing, the fowl is digging a hole. (3)

domestication, &c, of animals. (Cf. ? A
burrowing animal, mole. (Cf.
fuga, and mfuga.) fuka, v., fukia, ufuko, mfuko.)
Fuja, v. make a mess of, dis- Fukua, v. dig out, dig up, make
arrange, bungle. F. kazi, bungle a hole, burrow, get out of a hole.
work. F. malt, squander money. Fisi amemfukua mtu, a hyaena has
(Cf. fujo, and syn. boronga, chafua. dug up the (buried) man. F. mawe,
Dist. vuja.) get stones by digging.
Ps. fuku-
Fujo, mess, bungle,
n. disorder, dug out, be
Ihva. Nt.fukuka, be
disturbance, uproar, tumult. Nyu-
hollowed, be concave. Ap. fuku-
mba ya f, a disorderly, much fre- lia, -liwa. Cs.fuku-liska, -lis kwa.
quented house. Kazi ya f, work Rp. fukuana. (Cf. fuka, fukia,
badly finished. Fujo-fujo, an utter and pevh.fuhiza. Also syn. chimba.)
mess. (Cf.fuja.) Fukuta, Fukuto. See Vukuta,
Fuka, v. (1) emit, throw out, Vukuto.
smoke, &c. SeeVuka. (2) Fill up Fukuza, v. (1) force out, drive
(a hole). See Fukia. — n. a out, esp. in hunting or war, and hence
 FULI 73 FUMBATA
both (2) drive off, chase away, banish, of, surprise. Ps. fnvianiwa. Nt.
and (3) go in pursuit of, hunt, try to fiunanika. Cs. ftcmaniza, and
catch. Mbwa wakazifukuza nguruwe Intens., e.g. alimwua mwauaume
wakazipata, the hounds chased the aliyemfiunaniza 11a mkewe, he killed
pigs and caught them. Wamefukuzia the man whom he surprised with his
mbali adtii, they have chased the wife. (Cf. syn. gundtia.)
enemy quite away. Ps. fukuzwa. Fumba, v. (ij shut, close, by
Ap. fukuz-ia, -iwa. Cs. ftikuz- bringing things, or parts, together.
isha, -ishwa. Rp. fukuzana, e.g. F. macho, close the eyes. F\ kinwa,
of children chasing one another. shut the mouth. F. mkono, close
(Seems to be Cs. form of fukua, with the hand. F. mikono, clasp the hands
intensive force, and specialized mean- together. F. miguu, bring the legs
ing. Ci.fuka,fukia,fukzca, mfukzizi, together. (2) Mystify, make a mys-
and syn. kimbiza, winda,fuata.) tery about, disguise, use in an obscure
Fuli, n. lesser rainy season. See way. F. maneno, use unintelligible,
Mvuli. difficult language. Fumbo htimfuznba
Fulifuli, adv. (t) also Fudi-fudi, mjinga, a parable mystifies a fool.
—
on the face, face downwards, c f posi- Ps. fw?ibwa. Nt.fumbika. Mana
tion; (2) for fitrifuri—farafara, in yanaftimbika>t\\e flowers are closing.
plenty, in quantities, brimful. See See also Vumbika. Ap.fumb-ia,
Fara. -iwa, e.g. shut up in (for, by, &c),
Fuliza, v. keep on at, keep going, talk darkly about, &c. Cs.fumb-
keep doing, quicken, hasten. F mi- isha, -ishwa.
. Rp. fumbana, e. g.
guu, walk quickly. F. mwendo, go hatta macho yakafumbana, till his
speedily. Alsofttfuliza and fulidiza, eyes closed. Rf. jifumba, shut
an emphatic Rd. form. Ps. fuli- oneself up (in meditation, study, &c).
zwa. Ap.fuli-zia, -ziwa. Rp. (Cf. fiunba, kifximba, also fumbo,
falizana. (Cf.fua, of which it is fumbua, fumbata, and ? vumbika.)
an Intens. form with generalized Fumba, n. (ma-), (1) a matting
meaning, and mfulizo, mfululizo.) sleeping bag, a mat doubled length-
*Fullani, n. such a one, a certain ways and the ends sewn up, used
one, so and so, such and such (things), sometimes for burying. Hutiwa
alluding indefinitely to persons or maiti katika fumba (mkeka wa fu-
things, for reference only. F. ame- mba), hushonwa mithili ya mfuko,
setna, somebody has said. Nataka the body is put in a fumba, and sewn
bithaaf, I want such and such goods. up as in a bag. Also for drowning
(Ar.) criminals. Wakatiwa katika mafu-
Fuma, v. (1) weave, and also of mba, wakatoszva baharini, they were
connecting together, forming a fabric, put in bags and thrown into tne sea.
by sewing, &c. Ps. fumwa. Nt. (2) Lump, clod. F. la taiga ulioga-
fiunika. Ap. ftim-ia, -iwa. Si- ndamana, a lump in flour which was
udano ya ktifumia nguo, a needle for caked. F. ya mtama, caked millet.
sewing clothes. Cs.fum-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. puviba, lump.) For makuti
(Cf. mfuma, a weaver, mfumo, weav- ya fumba, cf. makuti ya kumba.
ing.) (2) Shoot, pierce (with a sharp See Kuti.
weapon). In Z. cho?na is usual. (Cf. Fumbama,w. lose one's senses, be
fumo, and esp.fumua, which retains dazed, light-headed, e.g. huyu ame-
the more general sense of the root, fumbama akili yake, this man is not
and for weaving ?nfumo.) in his right mind. (Cf. prec. and
Fumania, v. come on suddenly, -ma.)
take in the act, intrude in the house Fumbata, v. enclose (with hands,
 ; —
FTJMBO 74 FUNDI
or arms), grasp, clutch, encompass. sticks out the fire.F. makuti, take
Siwezi knufumbata mti huu kwa out (decayed) thatch. F. mali,
mikono yangu, my arms will not go squander money, be prodigal. Also
round, this tree. Amefumbata fetha in Nt. sense, mtama unafumua, the
?nkononi, he has grasped the money millet is coming into ear. Matta
with his hand. Ps. fiimbatwa. yafumua, the flowers are coming out.
Nt. fumbatika, e.g. konzt ya maji Mfumua maneno nje, of a spy or
haifumbatiki, water cannot be grasped tale-bearer. Fs.fumztlhua. Nt.
in the fist. Ap. fumbat-ia, -iiva. fumuka, e.g. nguo imefumtika, ushone,
Cs. fumbat-isha, -ishwa. (Cf.fu- my dress is come undone, sew it up.
mba, and syn. ambata, kumbatia, Maskua inafiimuka, the boat opens
kamata.) at the seams, leaks, is coming to
Fumbo, n. {ma-), anything puz- pieces. Kp.fumukana, e.g. of people
zling, hidden, mysterious, and so separating after a meeting, disperse.' '

'
puzzle, problem, dark saying, hint, Ap. ftwiul-ia, -hva. (See Fuma,
proverb, parable, riddle.' Sema kwa and cf. fumbua, funua, fungua.)
via/umbo, speak in an unintelligible, Fumukano, n. {ma-), separation,
difficult way. Maneno ya fumbo, breaking up, dispersal, e.g. of people
and fumbo la maneno, mysterious after a meeting. (Cf. ftima, fumua .)
language. (Cf. fumba, also syn. Funda, v. pound, bruise, triturate,
siri, methali, vfano, kitendawili, pulverize, e.g. rice, pepper, ginger,
mat at a.) &c, in a mortar {kimi), also pound '

Fumbua, v. Rv. oiftimba, unclose, up together, mix with other ingredi-

open, lay open, reveal, disclose, by ents,' e.g.ondokeni mfunde unga, get
separating things or parts which were up and mix the meal. Vs.fundwa.
close together, e. g. ftunbua mkono, Nt. fundika, be pounded, be mixed,
open the closed hand, and so of the and also in act. sense. (Perh. a
eyes, mouth, &c. F. maana, unfold form of vunja, retained in this special
the meaning. F. majani, make open- sense in Z. For the operation cf.
ings in high grass, for air or planting. ponda, twanga, saga, chakacha, paaza.
Ps. fumbuliwa. Nt. fumbuka. For a root funda, teach, and also
Ap.fumbu-lia, -lika. Cs. fumbu- make a knot, not itself used in Z.,
lisha, -lishwa. Rp. fumbuana. cf. fundi and fun do. But funda, n.
{Cf. fumba, ufumbulio, and for simi- seems different from all.) n. —
lar meaning vn?nbna (perh. same {ma-), a large mouthful, of liquid or
word) funua, uncover fungua, un- solid, distending the cheeks, cf. funda
; ;

fasten ; fumua, unravel ; fundua, la shavu, esp. common of liquids.

untie.) Piga mafunda, take large mouthfuls,
Fumo, n. {ma-), (i) a spear; (2) gulps, draughts, either to be swal-
—
a chief, but seldom heard in Z. for lowed, or for rinsing the mouth out
the usual mhiki, mfalme. (Cf. after a meal and to be ejected.
fuma.) (Perh. cf. fundo, a knot, as fumba
Fumua, v. Rv. of fuma, undo andfambo.)
(what is woven, matted, sewn, con- Fundi, n. {ma-), a person skilled
nected together), and so (1) unravel, in any art, craft, or profession, and so
unpick, take to pieces, unstitch, &c. able to instruct others in it, a skilled
(2) reveal, disclose, make clear, ex- workman, one who has learnt his trade,
plain. (Cf. fumbua.) F. uzi, un- a trained artisan or craftsman, e. g.
stitch. F. nyele, let down hair. F. mason, carpenter, tailor, smith, wash-
nguo, rip (pull in pieces) calico. erman, &c, mwalimu being com-
F. moto, pull a fire to pieces, take monly used of the higher professions,
 FUNDIKA 75 FUNGA
esp. teaching. {Q,i.fundisha,funza, door.) F. waraka, seal up a letter.
mkufunzi, Ifunda.) F. choo, constipate, be constipated.
Fundika, v. make into a knot, Funga kamba (or, na kamba), fasten
tie up. Usually piga fundo, funga. with a cord. (2) Shut in, enclose,
See Fundo. imprison, put in fetters. F. gerezani
Fundisha, v. teach, instruct, edu- {minyororoni, kifungonz), put in
cate, —thework ofafundi or nvwalimu. prison (in chains, under arrest).
Fs.fundiskwa. Ap.fundis/i-ia, -iwa, (3) Overcome (in a game or contest),
e. g. vitu vya kufundishia, aids to win, checkmate, put in difficulties,
teaching, school accessories. Rp. convict. Tzcliwafunga mabao sita,
fundishana. Rf.jifundiska, learn. we won six games against them.
(An Intens. form, cf. fundi, funza, Neno lake lilimfunga mwenyewe, his
mkufunzi, and follg.) own statement convicted him. (4)
Fundisho, n. {via-), teaching, Decide on, embark on, begin, take
what is taught, instruction, doctrine. decisive steps towards. Fttnga bia-
(Cf. fiindisha.) shara, conclude a bargain. F. vita,
Fundo, {ma-), (i) knot, any-
n. begin operations in war. F. shauri,
thing resembling a knot (2) fig. a
;
resolve on a plan. F. safari, set out
difficulty, grudge, esp. (3) ill feeling, on a journey. (5) Funga is also
resentment. F. la mti {mud), a used as Nt. in various senses, e.g. fast.
knot in wood or a tree. F. la uzi, Leo sisi tunaftinga, to-day we are
knot in thread. F. la nguo, clothes fasting. Ra??iathani ni mwezi wa
tied in a knot. F. la utepe, a rosette. kufunga, Ramathan is the month of
F. la chombo, cross-beam in a dhow fasting. Mvua inafunga, it is a
(cf. mwashiri), securing the mast. settled rain. Cf. mfungo, mfunguo.
F. la ushanga, consists of ten strings Mito imefunga, the rivers are im-
{kete) of beads. See Kete. Also (4) passable. Rf. jifunga, as above,
a purse, usually consisting of a knotted and esp. (1) devote oneself, engage
piece of the waist cloth. Siku ya oneself, give special attention. Jifu-
mashaka, ftindo, for the day of ad- nga kusoma, apply oneself to study
versity, a purse. F. la mguu, the {kwa kazi, to work, na adui, with
ankle, also kifundo. Piga f., tie a an opponent, in strife). (2) Get one-
knot. Fwidua f, untie a knot. self into a fix, contradict oneself,
Maji yalinipiga fundo, the water hamper oneself. Amejiftinga kwa
choked me. {Ctfundua, kifundo, ulimi wake, he is convicted by his
fundika, Ifunda.) own tongue. (3) Jifunga, avoid
Fundua, v. undo a knot, untie, childbearing. Ts.ftmgzva. //una
unfasten, and fig. explain (a difficulty), buddi ktifungwa na mti, you must be
get over a crisis. F. chupa, uncork tied to a tree. Ntfungika. Mla-
a bottle. (Cf. zibua.) Ps.fundu- ngo haufungiki, the door is not
liwa. Nt. ? funduka. Ap. secured, or, the door will not shut.
fundu-lia, -liwa. Cs. fund-usha, Ap. fung-ia, -iwa, -iana. Unifungie
-ushwa, -uza, e. g. fundusha maua, nini? wanifungia kuoneal What
of a tree flowering. (Cf. fundo, would you tie me up for? are you
and for similar words ftunbua'funua, doing it just to tease me ? Akanifu-
fungua,fumua.) ngiafrasi naiamba, and he fastened
Funga, v. (1) fasten, make fast, the horse to him by a cord. jYime-
tie, bind, secure. F. mzigo, tie up a fungiwa nytemba, I am locked out of
load, finish packing. F. mlango, the house. Fungiwa deni, be im-
shut close (fasten) the door. (Cf. prisoned for debt. Cs.fung-iska,
skindika mlango, put to, close the -ishwa, -iza, &c, cause to fasten,
 FTJETGAMA 76 FUNUA
cause to be fastened, and Intens. bind mlango, unfasten a door (cf. shindua
tight, confine, close. Ntamfungisha, mlango, set a door open). F. mkono,
I will have him put in prison. Mvua open the hand (like fumbud), give a
inakufungishandani, the rain keeps gift. Jifungua, give birth to a child,
you indoors. Fungisha mji (njia), be confined. (2) Cease fasting.
blockade a town (road). (Cf. mfu- Nipe kidogo nifungue kinwa, give
ngizo. Cf. also fungasa.) Rp. me a morsel to break my fast with.
fungana, (i) fasten together, or with (So funguka, funguza.) Ps. fu-
na, fasten to; (2) be fastened to- nguliwa, Nt. funguka. Shikiza
gether, e.g. of clouds, forest,' be dense, mlango, usifunguke wala tisifimgike,
be thick.' Also funganya, of a work fix the door so that it will neither
of common interest and co-operation. open nor shut. Amefunguka mtoto,
Funganya mizigo, join in a general she has given birth to a child. Ap.
packing up of loads. Also funga- fungu-lia, -liwa, -lika. Nifungulie
nisha, e.g.ja/iazi najiwe, make fast mzigo, relieve me of my load. Fu-
a vessel to a rock. Cf. also funga- ngulia mtumwa, give a slave freedom.
mana. See Fungama. (Ci. fungu, F. ng'ombe, turn out cattle to graze.
kifungo, fungua, &c.) Cs.fung-uza, -uzwa, e. g. force (in-
Fungama, v. be in a fixed, tight, duce, allow, &c.) to open, cause to
dense, &c. condition. R-p.funga- undo, &c. Akawafunguza wale
mana, e.g. of interlacing branches. watu, andhe had those people set free.
Mwitu urnefungamana kabisa, the Also ' give a meal to ' after fasting.
forest is hopelessly dense, impene- Alitufunguza, he caused us to break
trable. Hapa pamefungamana na our fast. Rp. Funguana. (Cf.
miiba, here is a dense mass of thorns. funga, mfunguo, 7?iafungulia, ufu-
(Cf. funga, and for form, -mana, nguo, also as similar fumua, funua,
andamana, changamana.) fumbua, fundua.)
Fungate, n. honeymoon,
of seven days after
—period
which see. Also
marriage, during
Funguo, n. plur.
'
of Ufunguo,
breaking of a fast/
which food is supplied by relations. but usu. mfunguo. (Cf. funga,
{Fungate = seven, in some Bantu dia- fungua?)
lects.) Funika, v. (1) cover, cover up,
Fungo, n. (1) fast, put a covering on ; (2) fig. conceal,
period of fast-
ing. (Cf. funga, mfunguo.)(2) A F. chungu, put a lid on
disguise.
—
kind of speckled civet cat, smaller a pot. F. kitabu, close a book.
than the ngawa. F. maneno, speak obscurely. F.
Fungu, n. (ma-), (1) portion, inchi maji, cover the land with water,
part, piece, share, lot. Fungu la make an inundation. Jifunika
nyama, a portion of meat. Fungu mkeka, cover oneself with a mat.
zima, a large share. (Cf. kipande, Ps. funikwa. Nt. funikika. Jua
sehemu.) (2) Heap, pile, and esp. of limefunikika na mawingu, the sun is
sandbanks, shoals, reefs, &c. in the concealed by clouds. Ap.funik-ia,
sea. Cko?nbo kimepanda funguni, -iwa. Cs. funik-isha, -ishwa,
the dhow has run on a sandbank. -iza, cause to cover, cause to be
Also of pile of stones over a grave. covered. Maji ya?nefunikisha inchi,
Vunja fungu, used of customary the water has flooded the country.
visit to a grave after forty days, with Rp. funikana. (Cf. funua, ki-
a valedictory offering. funiko, and syn. setiri,flcha.)
Fungua, v. Rv. oi funga, (1) un- Funua, v. (1) uncover, lay open,
fasten, undo, untie, unbind, let loose, undo (2) disclose, reveal, explain,
;

release, set free, open, &c. F. show. F. chungu, take the lid off
 )

FUNZA 77 PUEUSHI
a pot. F. chuo, open a book. F. Cs.fun'h-isha, -ishwa, cause an over-
mabawa, spread wings. Ps.fauu- flow^ inundate. Maji yakafurikish a
liwa. Nt. funuka, e. g. maua yana- inchi, the water overflowed the coun-
funuka, the flowers are opening, try. (Ar. Cf. fara, furifuri,
coming out. Mwitu unafunuka, furiko, and syn. flood,' gharikisha.) '

the forest is getting more open, is *Furaha, n. joy, pleasure, happi-

passable. Ap.fzmu-lia. Akam- ness, bliss, delight, gladness, mirth,
funulia maana, and he explained merriment. Fanya f, on a /., be
to him the meaning. (Cf. ftoiika, happy. Pokca kwa f, welcome.
ufunuo, and similar fitngua, fiwiua, Also adv. gladly, with joy. Tuka-
fiunbua fundua.)
,
eizda furaha, and we went joyfully.
Funza, v. same as fundisha, Furahani, in a state of happiness.
teach, instruct, educate. Jifunza (Ar., no B. syn. Cf. furahi, and
kazi, learn a trade, from a fundi.— Ar. raha (higher but more passive),
Ps. funzwa. Nt. funzika, e. g. bliss, and such words as mchczo,
mtoto huyu hafunziki, this child is maztmgumzo, mapendezi.
unteachable, is too stupid (or, ob- *Furahi, v. rejoice, be glad, feel
stinate) to learn. Ap. fi nz-ia, pleasure, be happy, be pleased, enjoy
-iwa. Cs. funz-isha, -ishwa. oneself. Ps. furahiwa, be pleased
Rp. funzana. (Cf. fundi, fu- (with), be made happy (by), be re-
ndisha, and follg.) n. {ma-), — joiced (at). Tzdifurahhta sana na
grub, maggot, worm. baj-uayako, we were delighted at your
Funzio, n. (ma-), teaching, in- letter. Ap. furah-ia, -iana, rejoice
struction. (For more usuzlfundisho (at, in, for, &c.). Cs.furah-isha,
cf. funza.) •ishwa, -ishana, gladden, cheer, re-
Fuo, n. (i) (ma-), washing-place, joice, delight. Ametufurahisha sana,
mahali pa kufulia nguo, for washing he caused us great amusement. (Ar.
clothes. (Cf. fua, oga, chosho, ki- Cf.furaha.)
ogeo.) (2) Scum, froth, foam. (Cf. *-furahifu, n. (furahifu with D 4
ufuo, ufuko,fua, and syn. pofu.) (P), D 5 (S), D 6), joyous, cheering,
Fupa, n. (ma-), a large bone. pleasant. (Ar. Cf.furaha.)
.

F. la kichwa, the skull. F.jororo, *Furika, v. See Fura, and cf. follg.
a (large) cartilage. (Cf. mfupa, *Furiko, n. usu. in plur. mafuriko,
kifocpa, ufupa.) overflowing, flood, inundation. (Ar.
-fupi, a. (fupi with D 4 (P), D5 Cf. gharika.)
(S), D 6), (1) short, low (in stature, Furuga, Furugika. See Vu-
length, or height) (2) brief, concise,
;
ruga, Vurujika.
abridged. (Cf. follg. and opp. Furukombe, a large bird of
n.
-reft.) prey, a kind of eagle or vulture.
Fupika, v. be shortened, be less- Furukuta, v. move about, be rest-
ened (in height, length, stature), be less, toss about on a bed, —
as when
abbreviated, &c. Cs. fup-isha, ill, excited, unable to sleep, —
also
-ishwa, -iza, shorten, abridge. (Cf. (e.g.) of a rat under a carpet.
-fupi.) *Furu.mi, n. Furuma, n. See
*Fura, v. rise up, swell, be puffed Farumi, and Faroma.
up (in physical sense only). Mimba *Furungu, a. (ma-),(i) shaddock,
ya mtama inafura, the bud of the fruit of mfurungu; (2) anklet (usu.
millet swells, —
as it ripens, and finally of silver). (Cf. mtali, and for other
bursts (inapasuka). Nt. furika, ornaments,, tirembo.)
swell up, run over, boil over, over- Furushi, n. (ma-), bundle, packet,
flow (over), make an inundation. package. (Cf. kifurushi, bahasha.)
 FTJSFUS 78 PYEKA
*Fusfus, n. and Fussus, gem, bundle, pocket, &c.), pluck out (2) ;

precious stone. (Arab. Cf. kito.) fig. bring to light, make known, ex-
Fusho, n. or Vusho, something pose. F. manyoya ya kuku {ya
used for fumigation, something to be ndevii), pluck off the feathers of a
burnt, as a charm, or sanitary medi- fowl (hairs of the beard). F. kibofi
cine. (Cf. mvuke, vukiza, vukizo, &c.) cha ng^ombe, take out the bladder of
Fusi, n. rubbish. See Kifusi. an ox. Rf.Jzfutua, make a show of
Fusia, v. lay down a bed of small oneself, boast, brag. Ps. futuliwa.
stones and rubbish for a concrete Nt. futuka, (1) be brought out, be
floor or roof, or to fill up foundations. brought to light; (2) be provoked,
(Cf. kifusi, zifusio.) be angry. Ap. futukia, be in a
Futa, v. (i) wipe, wipe out (away, passion with. Hence futu-lia, -/iwa,
off); (2) remove, obliterate, abolish, and futukisha, provoke. Cs.futu-
cause to be forgotten. F. vnmbi ska, -shwa. Jua linafutusha ma-
nguoni, wipe dust off clothes. F. hindi, the sun is making the maize
vibaya vya waraka, scratch out the open out. Rp. futuana. (Cf.
mistakes in a letter. F. kamasi, wipe futika.)
the nose. Muungu anifute thambi *Futuri, n. short span, as a mea-
zangu, may God wipe away my sins. sure, from tip of thumb to tip of
—
Liandikwalo haliftitiki, what is writ- forefinger, as dist. from shibiri, full
ten cannot be effaced. -a kufuta is span from thumb to little finger.
often used of what is plain, common, (Ar.)
of inferior quality, e. g. mkeka wa *Futuru, v. take the first meal
kufuta, a common white mat. Ka- after a day's fast. Ap. futur-ia*,
nzu ya kufuta, a plain white kanzti -iwa. Cs. futur-isha, -ishwa, pro-
without any ornamental stitching. vide with first meal. (Ar. Cf.
Cf. mfuto. Ts.futwa. ~Nt.fu- fitiri, futari. Dist. futuri.)
tika, e.g. hii yafutika, hii haifutiki, Fuu, n. (ma-), (1) a small, black
one thing is pardonable, another is berry, edible fruit of mfuu. (See
not (but see Futika). Ap.fut-ia, Mfuu, dist. kifuti.) (2) Fuu la
e. g. kitambaa cha ktifutia, a cloth to kichwa, skull (see Fuvu).
wipe with, duster. Cs. fut-isha, Fuvu, n. {ma-), also Fuu, empty
-ishwa, set to wipe, wipe hard. shell, husk. F. la kichwa, skull.
Rp. fitana. (Cf. pangusa, sugua, F. la nazi, shell of a cocoanut (but
tua. Also futa, as for vuta, which generally kifuti). F. la yai, egg-
see, and as a rarely used sing. n. shell (but generally kaka).
see Mafuta.) Fuzi, n. See Ufuzi, Mafuzi.
*Futari, n. first meal in the even- Fyata, v. put (or, hold) between
ing after a day's fast, usually rice- the legs. F. nguo, tuck the loin-
gruel (uj'i). (Ar. Cf. fitiri, fu- cloth between the legs (see TJwinda).
turu. T)\st.futtiri.) F. mikono, grasp the hands between
*Futhuli, n. See Fithuli. (Ar.) (i. e. by closing) the thighs. F. mkia y
Futika, v. put in the pocket, put the tail between the legs. (Cf.
stick in waist-cloth, tuck into the follg.)
girdle, — as a native does his knife, Fyatua, v. and ? Fyua, let go
money, or any small article. Ps. suddenly, let off (of something which
futikwa. Ap. futik-ia, -iwa. is holding, a spring, a trap, &c).
Cs. futik-isha. (Cf. futua, and Nt.fyatuka. Ap.fyatu-lia, -liwa.
dist. futika, as Nt. of futa.) Cs. fyatusha, fyatuli-sha, -shwa.
Futua, v. (1) open out, undo a (Cf. prec.)
bundle (or girdle), take out (of a Fyeka, v. also Feka, clear away,
 FYEKO 79 GAMTI
clear off, make a clearing in, —
of slurred and hardly heard at all, or
clearing away trees, grass, jungle. F. pronounced by Swahilis as g. (Cf.
mwitu, make a clearing in the forest. ghali, hamu, orofa, gubari.)
Ps. fyekwa. Ap. fyek-ea, -ewa. Gaagaa, v. also Garagara, (1)
Cs. fyek-esha, -eshwa. (Cf. follg. rollfrom side to side, turn restlessly,
and fyoa.) sprawl, as on board a ship, or a sick
Fyeko, n. esp. in plur. mafyeko, man in bed, or an animal wallowing
clearing operations, thing cleared on the ground (2) fig. be lazy,
;

away, clearings. listless, indifferent, have nothing to

Fyoa, v. (i) cut. F. masuke ya do, loll. Cs. gaagaaza. (Dist.
mlama, cut ears of millet ; (2) fig. kaa-kaa.)
use cutting or abusive language, re- *Gadi, n. {ma-), prop, shore, e.g.
ply insolently. Ap. fyo-lea, -lewa, to keep a vessel upright, when
abuse, jibe. (Cf. fyeka, and follg. stranded, or a tree inclined to fall.
Also -perh.fyonya, and fyonza.) Tia ??iagadi, shore up. (Cf. follg.)
Fyonya, v. make a chirping sound *Gadimu, v. prop, shore up, with —
with lips, expressive of contempt, gadi, which see. Ps. gadimiwa.
or disgust. (Cf./yoa, and fcllg.) Nt. gadimika. Ap. gadim-ia, -iwa,
Fyonza, v. also Fyonja, Fy- prop up with (for, on, &c). Cs.
onda, suck, suck at, suck out. F. gadim-isha, -isJvwa. (Cf. syn.
sukali, suck sugar. F. ziwa la tegemea, cf. nguzo, and ? shikti.)
ma?na, suck the mother's breast. Gae, n. {ma-), a large potsherd,
F. dcuHu,' suck out blood. (Cf. a large broken piece of metal, glass,
fyonya, and nyonya.) earthenware, &c. Dim. kigae. Jungu
-fyozi, a. abusive, scornful. (Cf. bovti limekuwa viagae, the cracked
fyoa, and tifyozi.) dish is all in pieces.
Gaga, n. (ma-). See Kigaga.
Galawa, n. sometimes Ngalawa,
G. a small dug-out canoe, with out-
riggers (inatengo) and sail, much
G represents the same sound as used by fishermen. Galawa juu,
in English go.' This hard g is used
'
wimbi chini, the canoe on the surface
in Swahili for the Arabic consonants —
and waves beneath, to describe a safe
Jim and Qaf'm some words of Arabic voyage. (Cf. mtumbwi.)
origin (cf. g in Egyptian dialect for Galme, n. also Kalme, mlingote
j elsewhere), and also sometimes as wa gahne, small second mast aft in
a variant of j and k in other words a large dhow, mizzen mast, carrying
and (perh. through an intermediate its own sail.
dy sound) of d. Gamba, v.
only in the Rf. form
Hence words not found under g j'igamba, vaunt oneself, brag, boast.
may be looked for under j or k, and (Cf. jivuna,jisifu, j'iona.)
sometimes under d. Gamba, n. {171a-), scale (of a fish).
Obs. that the sound written ng in
>
Also sometimes of any small de-
this Dictionary is heard and written tached part of outer skin of an
sometimes as gn, esp. at Mombasa. animal, e. g. of the tortoise, hatta
Gh is used to represent the sound of nibandt(ke mmganda, till my shell
the Arabic Ghain in the few words in comes off. (Cf. ngamba, and ganda,
which it is commonly retained as adeep gajido.)
guttural. It is more often pronounced *Gamti, n. unbleached cotton
as a deep slightly rolled r, or as cloth from India, Indian grey sheet-
a harsh h, and is in some words ings. (Cf. nguo.)
 GANA 80 GAEAGABA
Gana, n. or Kana, rudder-handle, his claw, there is an end of the
tiller. (Cf. msukani, shikio.) matter. (Cf. ganda, v., and of
Ganda, v. become hard (fixed, animals, ukucha.)
congealed, curdled, frozen), get thick, Gandua, v. Rv. of ganda, (1)
coagulate, of a liquid. Maziwa ya- unfasten, pull away, separate some-
mcganda, the milk is curdled. Mito thing adhering closely (2) fig.
;

imeganda kwa baridi, the rivers rescue from danger, save in a crisis,
were frozen with the cold. (2) Stick get out of a scrape. Ps. gandzt-
to, cleave to, embrace closely, clasp. liwa. Nt. gandzika. Ap. gandu-
Alimganda shingoni, he clasped him lia, -liwa. (Cf. banduka, ambuka.)
round the neck. Ps. gandwa. Ganga, v. bind up, fasten to-
Nt. gandika. Ap. gand-ia, -iwa. gether, splice, mend (what is injured
Cs. gandi-s/ia, -shwa. (Cf. gand- or broken). Hence esp. of doctors'
ama, gandamana, and ganda, n.) work generally, apply remedy, cure,
'

— n. (?na-\ husk, rind, shell, outer heal.' Ganga mgun, pirt a leg in
covering of trees, plants, fruits, &c. splints. G.jeraha, bandage a wound.
G. la yai, eggshell. G. la mchungwa, G. tumbo, attend to the stomach.
orange peel. G. la mkate, crust of Ps. gangwa. Nt. gangika, i. e. be
bread. Maganda ya maziwa, curds cured, be curable. Ap. gang-ia,
of milk, flakes. Maganda ya -iwa. Cs. gang-isha, -ishtva.
mahindi, the sheath enclosing the Rp. gangana. (Cf. mganga, uganga,
cob of Indian corn. (Cf. gamba, mgango, gango, kigango, and of treat-
also gome, kaka, kifnu, and (husk) ment, alika, ttguzd).
kapi, kumvi, kumbi.) Gango, n. {ma-), appliance for
Gandama, v. stick together, get holding together what is separate or
stuck, get hard, set, freeze, curdle, severed, cramp, brace, splint, splice,
coagulate. Asali imegandama na joining, patch. Dim. kigango.
chombo, the treacle sticks to the (Cf. ganga.)
vessel. Chungu zi?negandama sam- Gani, a. interrog. of what sort,
lini, the ants are stuck in the ghee. what kind of, what? —
never used
Ps. gandamwa. Naligandamwd na without a noun preceding. Kitu
kupe, I had ticks sticking to me. gani? What is it? Sababu gani?
Nt. gandamika. Ap. gandam-ia, Why? Ginsi gani? How? Wakati
-iwa, stick to, adhere, cling to, be gani? When? Mahali gani? Where?
true to. G. chungu, stick to a cook- Habari gani? What is the news?
ing pot. G. rafiki, hold fast to How are you? Mtu gani always
a friend. Cs. gandam-iza, -izwa, suggests primarily a man of what '

e. g. G. mtu chini, pin a man to the tribe (place, or country).'

ground. Also Intens. gandamiza Ganzi, n. ( —
and ma-), deadness,
,

ulimwengu, cling to, take to one's numbness. Mguu imekufa g., my

heart, the world. Rp. gandam- foot is asleep (benumbed). Often of
-ana, -anisha, e. g. maji i?neganda- the teeth, tia (fanya) g. la meno,
mana, the water is frozen hard. set the teeth on edge. Meno yafanya
(St. of ganda, cf. simama, luama, ganzi, my teeth are set on edge.
&c, and for similar idea shikamana, *Garafuu., n. (also written garo-
kazana, shupana, pindana.y fuu, karafuti), cloves, the flower-bud
Gando, n. {ma-), claw of lobster of the mgaraftiu, the most valuable —
ikambd) and crab (kad), (and perh. and abundant article of commerce in
of the cuttlefish (pweza), but cf. Zanzibar and Pemba (except cocoa-
mnyiri). Kaa akiinua gando ma- nuts). (Ar. karamful.)
mbo yamekatika, when the crab raises Garagara, v. See Gaagaa.
 —
GARI 81 -GEUZI
*Gari, n. (ma-), any vehicle on Krapf quotes a native description of
wheels, cart, waggon, carriage, barrow,
the whole process.')
perambulator, bicycle. Also g. la Genge, n. {ma-), cliff, precipice,
moshi, locomotive (or other) steam- ravine, deep ditch. Ukifika gengeni,
engiDe. G. lapepo, bicycle. (Hind.) jihathari, when you come to the
.*Gasia, n. See Ghasia. (Ar.) steep place, be careful.
Gauka, Gauza, v. See Geuka, -geni, a. {ngeni with 4 (P),D
Geuza. D 6, geni with D 5 (S)), strange,
Gawa, v. place in parts (pieces, foreign, novel, outlandish, 'extra-
portions, shares), divide up, dis- ordinary, queer, curious. Jambo geni,
tribute, deal out. G. chakula, appor- a strange occurrence. Maneno ya
tion food. G. karat a, deal (playing) kigeni, a foreign language. (Cf.
cards. Ps. gawiwa. Nt. gawika. mgeni, ugeni, and syn. -pya, aj'abu.)
Ap. gaw-ia, -iwa. Cs. gaw-isha, *Gereza, n. prison, fort used as
-ishwa. Rp. gawana, e. g. ula- a prison, barrack. Tia {weka,funga,
kachopata tiitagawana sawasazva peleka) gerezani, put in prison, foa
mimi nawe, whatever you get, we {fungua, ondoa) gerezani, let out of
will go halves in, you and I. Also prison. (?Portug. Cf. syn. ki~
gawanya, which see. (Cf. gawio, fungo, minyororo.)
mgawo.) *Gesla, n. also Gezla. See
Gawanya, v. place in parts, ap- Jizla.
portion, divide, share, distribute, Geua, v. change, make different,
prop, of mutual arrangement or alter. Ndiye ajigeuaye nyoka, it is
equal rights, gawa rather of the act he who changes himself into a snake.
of an official, superior, or benefactor, The Cs. geuza (see below) is usual
e.g. tugawanye ; gawa wee, let us in Z. in this sense. Ps. geuliwa.
have a division; do you act as Nt. geuka, (1) be changed, be change-
divider. Ps. gawanywa. Nt. able, be alterable, alter; (2) change
gawany-ika, -ikia, -ikiwa, be divided, position, turn oneself, turn round;
be divisible. Rp. gawanyikana. (3) change in appearance, be trans-
Ap. gawany-ia, -iwa, -tana. Cs. formed, be disguised. Aligeuka aka-
gawany-isha, -ishwa, -ishia, -iza, mwona, he turned round and saw him.
-izana. (Cf. gawa, kigawanyo, and Amegetika mwngine, he has become
tenga, put apart.) another person. Hence geuk-ia,
Gawio, n. {ma-), division, appor- -iwa, turn to (from, for, at, &c).
tionment, sharing. Kuu ni maga- Ap. geu-lia, -liwa. Cs. geu-za,
wioni, the critical point is in the ~zwa, -zia, -ziwa, -zana, cause to
division (of spoils). (Cf. gawa, change, alter, make different, disguise,
gawanya, mgazvo.) transform, pervert, turn round, &c.
Gema, v. get palm-wine. Also (For difference of geuza and badili,
gema tembo, gema mnazi, of cut- i^ee Badili. Cf. -getizi, -geu, ma-
ting the growing flower stem of the geuzi.)
cocoanut tree, from which the sap -geugeu, a. changeable, fickle,
flows into a calabash fastened to it. wayward. Mambo ya kigeugen, con-
Also used of getting india-rubber by stant changes. (Cf. geua.)
cutting a plant or tree, gema 7tipira. Geuzi, n. e^p. in plur. mageuzi,
A special knife is used {kotama). change, alteration, shifting, turn,
Ps. gemwa. Ap. gem-ea, -ewa. transformation.
Cs. gem-eska, -eshwa, employ (allow, -geuzi, a. changeable, fickle, un-
undertake, contract) to tap cocoanut settled, always changing. (Cf.
trees. (Cf. mgema, kotama, tembo. geua, -geugeu.)
 '
;;

GHAFALA 82 GHASIA
*Gh&fala, n. a sudden occurrence, merce. Rp. ghalibiana, carry on
suddenness, carelessness, thoughtless- a commercial war. (Ar. Cf.
ness, inattention, haste. Neno la mghalaba, and syn. shindana.)
gh., sudden, abrupt statement. Ma- *Ghalika, v. (1) be rare, occur in-
rathi ya gh., sudden stroke of illness. frequently, be an infrequent visitor;
Usikae kaiika gh., do not be im- (2) be dear, be costly, rise in price.
prudent, careless, —
advice to an in- Umeghalikasana siku hizi, you seldom
valid. Often as adv. and also kwa come to see us now. Viazi vime-
ghdfala, suddenly, unexpectedly, ghalika, i.e. vimekuwa ghali, pota-
(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. thdruba, toes are dear, have risen in price.
haraka.) (Ar. Cf. ghali.)
*Ghafalika, v. be hurried, be *Ghalish.a, v. Cs. make valuable,
thoughtless (imprudent, neglectful, make scarce, raise the price of.
inattentive), &c. Ap. ghafalik-ia, (Ar. Cf. ghali, syn. pandisha bei,
-iwa, be careless (hasty, &c.) about. zidisha tha??iani, and contr. rahi-
(Ar. Cf. ghdfala, taghdfali, and sisha.)
follg.) *Ghammu, n. grief. See Hamu.
*Gh.afalisha,v.Cs.(i) make hurry, (Ar. Cf. ghumia.)
distract, flurry, *Gh.angi, n. also Ghanji, Ghanja,
come on suddenly
(2) do hurriedly, hurry and Gangi, a native vessel, like an
over, neglect,
fail to attend to. Gh. kazi, hurry over Indian bdghala, but not so high in
work. (Ar. Ci. ghdfala, and prec.) the stern or long in the prow. (Cf.
*Gh.airi, v. (1) do something un- chombo.)
expected, sudden, or surprising, *Gharama, n. expense, outlay,
change one's mind, alter plan, annul payment. Fanya gh., toa gh., lay
(2) disappoint, offend, surprise. La- out money, incur expense. (Ar.
buda roho yake itaghairi, perhaps his Cf. gharimia.)
mind will change. Akaghairi kno- *Gharika, n. flood, deluge, inun-
lewa, she suddenly refused to be dation. (Ar. Qi.furiko, and follg.)
married. —
n. sudden change, sur- *Gharikisha, v. cause a flood
prise, disappointment. Tia ghairi, (over), make a flood (in), inundate.
disappoint, surprise, offend. Also used Maji imegharikisha inchi, the water
with ya, as prep, ghairi ya, without, has flooded the country. (Ar. Cf.
except, apart from, without regard to. gharika, and ftirika.)
(Ar., seldom used in deriv. forms.) *Gharimia, v. Ap. spend money,
*Gh.ala,n. store-room, store-house, or, incur expense for. Ps. ghari-
magazine, go-down. Weka vyakula miwa. Nt. gharimika. Cs.
ghalani, put away food in the larder. gharim-isha, -ishwa, cause expense
(Ar. Cf. bohari.) to. (Ar. Cf. gharama.)
*Ghali, often heard as r-rhali,
a. *Ghasia,n. (also commonly gasid),
(1) scarce, rare, hard to get (2) dear, ;
confusion, complication, bustle, hurry,
expensive, costly. Nguruwe zime- medley, crowding, and used of various
kuwa ghali sasa, zimekwenda mbali, things involving these ideas, and of
pigs are scarce now, they have made annoyances generally, e. g. gh. nyingi
off to a distance. Sitaki ghali, leo, a lot of troubles to-day pana gh.
;

nataka rahisi, I do not want an ex- mjini, there is a disturbance in the

pensive one, I want a cheap one. town, a street crowd or riot also ;
—
(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn.
c
scarce of a royal progress or cortege, the
-chache, haba, costly '
l
-a thamani. rush of a wild animal, &c. Gh. ya
Also rahisi, cheap.) machezo, a medley of amusements.
*Ghalibu, v. 'compete' in com- Nikakuta ftyumba ttipu hamna gh.,
 —
GHATHABIKA 83 GINSI
I found the house empty, there was be perplexed (at), be taken aback,
no stir or hum of people inside. lose presence of mind. Fs.ghumi-
(Ar. Cf. syn. mchaftiko, mashaka.) wa, same sense. Ametokewa na
in
*Ghathabika, v. be furious, be ivatu ameghumiwa, some people
enraged, be in a passion. Cs. came on him suddenly, and he was
ghathabi-sha, -shwa, exasperate, en- taken aback. Cs.ghum-isha,-ishwa.
rage, provoke. (Ar. Ci.ghathabu, (Ar. Cf. ghammu, or hatnu, grief,
and syn. kasirika.) and syn. shangaa, tekewa.)
*Ghathabu, n. rage, fury, passion, *Ghururi, n. and Ugh-, arro-
anger, exasperation, used with such gance, self-conceit, infatuation, folly,
verbs as fa?iya, ona, ingia, also in- blindness. Mtu huyu amepatwa na
giwa shikwa (no), putwa {na). ghururi ya ulimwengu, this man is
{na),
Ana gh. ya kwenda, he goes at a the victim of worldly delusion.
furious rate. Mwenyi gh. mbele yake (Ar. Cf. syn. kiburi, tifithuli.)
amesimama shetani, a. man in a pas- *Ghururika, v. also Ghurika,
sion has a devil before him. (Ar. be proud, be arrogant. (Ar. Cf.
Cf. syn. hasira, tuhungu.) ghururi.)
*Ghofira, n. (ma-), pardon, lorgive- *Ghusubu, v. deceive, cheat,
ness of sins, absolution, —
used only swindle, betray. Sultani alighusubu
of God. Ghofira ya tha??ibi, pardon haki ya maskini, the king betrayed
of sins. (Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. the rights of the poor man. (Ar.
in a more general sense, tisamehe, Cf. common danganya, kopa, punja,
masama/ia, ondoleo, maachilio.) Sec)
*Ghoflri, v. forgive, pardon, ab- *Gidamu, n. small leather thong
solve. See Ghofira. Ps. ghofiriwa. in a sandal, passing between the toes
Nt. ghojirika. Ap. ghqfiria, grant from sole to cross-piece, and holding
forgiveness to. Muuugu amemgho- it on the foot. (?Ar. Cf.gadimu.)
firia thambi zake, God has absolved *Gilgilani, n. coriander seed,
him from his sins. Cs. ghofiri-sha. used in curry powder. (Hind.)
-shwa. (Ar. Cf. ghofira, setiri, *Ginsi, n. also Jinsi, and Jisi,
samehe, achilia, fungulia, ondoka.) kind, sort, quality, (i) often com-
*Ghorofa, upper story, upper
n. bined with gani, as a general in-
room. See Orofa. (Ar.) terrogative. Ginsigani? How? Why?
*Ghoshi, v. adulterate, falsify, What ? What is the meaning of it ?
debase. Ameghoshi fetha kwa kui- (2) Also often followed by -vyo intro-
changanya na kitu kingine, he has ducing a dependent adverbial sen-
debased the silver by mixing it with tence, i. e. asconjunction,
a the '

something else, — a common practice manner in which, the way in which,

in Z. ghoshiwa. Kitu kili-
Ps.
choghoshiwa, an adulterated article.
(Ar. Cf. syn. haribu, changanya.)
*Ghubari, n. [ma-), rain cloud.
Ulimwengu una magubari, the whole
sky is cloudy, looks rainy.
how, in what way.' Alimwambia ginsi
alivyofanya, he told him what he
had done, or, how he had acted.
(3) Also often as an interj. with
either gani or -vyo. Ginsi ilivyo
njema I Oh, how good it is
(Ar. Nje?na !

Cf. zvingu.) ginsi gani, it is wonderfully good.

*Ghubba, n. (wa-), a bay of the (4) Ginsi gaifi is also used without
'
sea, also of the sweep, curve, bend
'
an adjective to denote what is wonder-
of a river, —
the concave aspect. ful, nondescript, ridiculous, extrava-
(Ar. Cf. for curve, tao, pindi, gant. Maneno haya hi ginsi gani,
mzingo.) these statements are quite absurd,
*Ghumia, v. be overwhelming (to), there is nothing to be made of them.
G 2
 — — ;

GISI 84 GONGA
(Ar. the Egyptian dialect, viz. g for j. form of Gota, which see. Cf. gonga,
Cf. syn. namna, aina.) bisha.) —
n. a kind of woodpecker.
Gisi, v. guess, &c. See Kisi. Also kigogota.
Giza, n. (used as 5 D
and 6,Dand Gole, n. {ma-), small pellet of
also kiza as D
3), darkness, gloom, opium (afiuni) prepared for smok-
blackness (but not, like weusi, used ing. (Cf. gole, expectorated matter,
of the colour black). Tia giza, Kr.)
darken. Giza ya (or, la) usiku, the Goma, n. (ma-), a large drum.
darkness of night. Macho yake yaona (Cf. ngoma, kigoma.)
giza, his eyes are dim. Kiza kikubwa Gomba, v. (1) gainsay, contradict,
(kipevii), deep darkness, utter dark- forbid (2) argue (with), quarrel
;

ness. (Cf. kiza, and syn. weusi.) (with), wrangle. Anagomba na

Goboa, v. also Koboa, break off mkewe, he is squabbling with his
with the hand, a cob (kibunzi) of wife. Ap. gomb-ea, -etua, -eka,
Indian corn, pluck the ears of maize. argue (for, against, at, &c), press a
Also of cleaning cotton, and of re- claim. Gombea ngazi, quarrel over
moving the stem of a clove bud, the gangway. Gombea daraja, stand
leaving the kiini or seed, i. e. gara- up for one's rank (position, status).
fuu hugobolewa. Ps. gobolewa. Ap. Alitukanwa kwa sababu wezae kuku-
gobo-lea, -lerua. (Cf. konyoa,chambua, gombea, he was abused, because he
pujua, and muhindi.) stood up for you. Cs. gomb-eza,
*Godoro, n. (ma-), a mattress. -ezwa, -ezika, (1) strictly forbid
Gofia, n. pulley, such as is at- (2) make quarrel, make a quarrel,
tached to the rope (Jienza) which scold. Gombezika, be blameworthy,
hoists the yard in a native sailing deserve scolding. Tumegombeztva
vessel. (Cf. kapi, abedari.) tusiende (or, kwenda), we are for-
-gofu, (gofu with
a. D
4 (P), D5 bidden to go. Rp. gomb-ana, quar-
(S), D 6), emaciated, broken down, rel with each other, squabble. (Cf.
in ruins, skin and bone. Kigofu, in ugomvi, -gomvi, ugombezi, mgombezi,
an emaciated, &c, state. Nyama and syn. tela, bisha, nenea, and
gofu or kigofu, a wretched, starved 'forbid' kataza.) —
n. (ma-), leaf
animal. Also as n. in such phrases of the banana plant (mgomba), i. e.
as gofa la mtu, an emaciated person ; jam la mgomba. See Mgomba.
gofu la nyumba, a tumble -down, Gombo, (ma-), leaf (sheet) of
n.
ruinous house. (Cf. follg.) a book, gombo la chuo.
Gofua, v. emaciate, wear out the Gome, n. (ma-) and perh. Kome,
strength of, reduce to a skeleton (or, the hard external covering of trees
to ruins). Also Cs. gofusha in same and some animals, bark, shell. Am-
sense. Marathi imemgofusha, illness bua (tod) mag07?ie, take off strips of
has broken him down. (Cf. -gofu, bark. Used of shell of crustaceans,
and syn. kondesha, konda.) lobster, &c, also of mollusca (cf.
Gogo, n. (ma-), (1) log, trunk of kome), and as a colloquial word for
a tree when felled, e.g. gogo la half rupee, or shilling, bob.' (Cf.
'

mnazi, of a cocoanut tree. Also ganda, generally of soft outer cover-

fig. lata kigogo, sleep (lie) like a log, ing, ngozi, v. ? kome.)
,

i. e. motionless, in a dead sleep. Gonda, v. grow thin. See Konda.

Dim. kigogo. (2) Used of a large Gonga, v. beat, strike, knock.
and long dram (ngoma). Gonga mlango, knock at a door. Ps.
Gogota, knock at, tap, hammer gongwa.
v. Ap. gong-ea, -ewa, -eana.
at. G. mlango, knock hard at a Kztgongeana bilauri, to strike glasses
door. G. vijili, hammer pegs (redupl. together in drinking healths. Cs.
 .

GONGO 85 GUGTJ
gong-eza, -ezwa. Rp. gong-ana, (2) fig. have an advantage over, have
-anisha. Vyombo vinagongaua, the the best position as to. Huyu anaku-
dhows are colliding. (Cf. gongo, kalia goshi, this man has the better
mgongo, and syn. gota, bisha, fua, position, menaces your safety.
piga, chapa, &c.) Gota, v. knock, tap, rap, strike.
Gongo, n. (ma-), (i) a thick, Gota mlango, tap at a door. Also
heavy stick, cudgel, club, bludgeon Gotagota, of drumming on an instru-
(for other kinds, see Bakora). Also ment, and Gogota, which see. Ps.
of other thick things, e. g. (2) seam gotwa. Nt goteka. Ap. got-ea,
(in a dress) ; (3) hump (of a camel), -ewa. Cs. got-eza, -ezwa, cause to
cf. nundit (4) dense wood, thicket,
;
knock, e. g. goteza maneno, of ill-
gongo la mwitu, where trees are pronounced, broken speech, the oppo-
thickest in a forest. (Cf. mgongo, site of fluent speaking. Gotagota
gonga.) maneno, of jumbling words of diffe-
Gongoja, v. See Kongoja. rent dialects together. Rp. gotana,
Gongomea, v. hammer, give blows — like gongana, e. g. vyombo vina-
to, drive with blows, as rivets, nails, gotana, the dhows are knocking to-
pegs, stakes, &c, and
so 'n^il up.' gether. (Cf. mgoto, and syn. gonga,
Ps. gongomewa, fasten up. Akazi- f
piga, tea, bisha, &c.)
gongomea nguo katika bweta, and he Goti, n. (ma-), knee. Piga magoti,
nailed up his clothes in a box. kneel down.
-gonjwa, a. sick, ill, unwell, in- Govi, n. also Ngovi, but in Z.
disposed. U mgonjwa ao mzima? Ngozi, which see. Govi mboo, pre-
Are you ill or well ? Huyu ni puce, condition of being uncircum-
mgonjwa sana, this man very ill,
is cised.
a great invalid. (Cf. ugonjwd, gonj- Guba, n. (ma-), packet of aromatic
weza, and cf. -well.) leaves (of mkadi, and other kinds),
Gonjweza, v. Cs. cause to be sold for their perfume. Cf. kiguba.
ill, make ill or sick. Jigonjweza, (Dist. ghubba, kuba.)
pretend to be sick, sham sickness, *Gubari, n. (ma-). See Ghubari,
behave as if sick. Ps. gonjwezwa. and Wingu.
(Cf. follg.) *Gubeti, n. prow of a native ves-
*Gora, (ma-), also Jora, and
n. sel ;head, figure-head, often project-
commonly Jura, a length of calico, ing far in front, and ornamented with
calico in the piece (of about 30 to 35 carving, &c, described as kikono cha
yards) omo, as being like a hand held out
Gorong'ondwa, n. a kind of from the bow. (Cf. onto, hanamu,
lizard (Str.). Cf. mjusi. (There is and contr. shetri, stern.)
perh. also a verb gorong'onda, work Gubi, n. (ma-), leaf stalk of cocoa-
about with a zigzag movement. nut tree (mnazi).
*Goshi, n. also Joshi, windward *Gudi, n. {ma-), dock for ships.
or weather side, in navigation ; also (Cf. gadi, and majahaba, lit. sup-
called tipande wa juu, upper side. ports, props.)
Contr. demani, lee side. Upande wa *Gudulia, n. (ma-), pitcher, po-
goshini, weather side, windward. rous water jar, water-cooler of earthen-
Pindua (chombo) kwa goshini, tack ware. Dim. ftigttdidia. (Cf. kitzi,
about, bout ship. Enda goshi, sail mttmgi.)
near the wind. Goshi la tanga, the Gugu, n. (ma-), weed, undergrowth,
lower, forward part of the sail in wild plant of no value. Gugu mwitu,
a native vessel. See Tanga. Kalia a plant resembling corn, tare. Lata
goshi, (1) be to windward of, and so maguguni, sleep in the bush; used
 — ;

GTJGTJMIZA 86 GTJNTA
a^o as indeclin. adj. (like mwitii), rahisi, -epesi.) Kazi ngumu, hard
wild, uncultivated, from the jungle. work. (3) Brave, resolute, stout-
(Cf. kigugu.) hearted, courageous, obstinate, self-
Gugumiza, v. gulp, gulp down, willed, fixed, unyielding. Mbona
swallow with a gurgling sound, splut- wewe mgumu sana ? Why will you not
ter in the water, — as a swimmer in change your mind? (cf. syn. hodari,
rough water, or man out of his thabiti, -kali). (4) Inexorable, cruel,
depth also of defective utterance.
; hard-hearted. (Contr. -ema, -pole,
Mgonjiva amegugumiza maji kzva -a htiruma.')
shidda, the sick man has swallowed Guna, grunt, grumble, mur-
v. (1)

some water with an effort. Agugu- mur; (2) express disapproval, indig-
miza maneno, he talks in a jerky, nation, contempt, protest, complain,
'

spluttering way. (Cf. goteza.) sneer at.' Baathi ya watu wana-

Guguna, v. (i) gnaw, bite at; mguna, some of the people sneer at
(2) carp annoy, molest. Panya
at, him. (Cf. mguno, guno, nungu-
ameguguna muhogo, a rat has gnawed nika.)
the cassava. Ps. giigunwa. Mtu Gunda, n. (ma-), a horn used for
amegiigunwa na Jisi, the man has blowing. Dim. kigunda. (In Z.
been gnawed by a hyaena. Nt. gu- commonly pembe, baragumu.)
gunika. Ap. gugun-ia, -iwa. Cs. *Gundi, n. gum-arabic.
gugun-iza, -izwa. (Cf. tafitna, Gundua, v. come upon unexpect-
? guna, and perh. a verb gugunua, edly, take by surprise, catch unawares,
carp at, annoy, molest.) startle, start (a wild animal from its
Gugurusha, v. also heard as lair). Ps. gunduliwa. Nt. gu-
gurugiisha, of movement, producing nduka. A-p.gundu-lia, steal upon,
a rustling or scraping sound, as of a approach secretly, stalk (cf. nye-
rat, rustle about, shuffle along, rattle meled). Cs. gundu-liska, -lishwa,
about. (Cf. syn. piga mtakaso and -liza. ~Rp.gunditana. (Cf.stu-
furukuta.) sha, stuka, and fumania, nyemeka.)
Guguta, n. cob or ear of Indian Gunga, v. use (native) medicine
corn, with the grains removed. (Cf. (uganga, dawd) to secure health,
muhindi and kigimzi.) safety, well being. Jigunga, secure
Guia, v. and Guya, seize, catch, oneself, take precautions for safety
hold. Guia nyama, catch an animal by charms, medicine, &c, i.e. native
in a trap. Ps. guiwa. Cs. gui- form of life insurance.
za, -zwa. Rp. gui-ana. (Cf. Gungu, n. (ma-), a mode of danc-
s/iika, nasa, kamata, all more used ing, a figure in a dance, e. g. gungu
in Z.) la kukwaa, the stumbling figure
Gumba, n. kidole cha gumba, gungu la kufunda, the pounding
thumb. (1 Mtu gtimba, a solitary, figure.
childless, or sterile person.) *Guni, n. (ma-), (1) a matting
Gumegume, bunduki ya gume- bag used for dates.
n. Dim. kiguni.
gume, a flint-gun. (Cf. bunduki, Also used to describe unrhymed or
and perh. -gumu.) blank verse, mas/iairi yenyi guni as ',

-gumu, a. (ngumu with D 4 (P), opp. to rhymed poetry, mashairi

D 6, gumu with D 5 (S)), (1) hard, yenyi vina. (2) A carpenter's spoke-
tough, firm, solid, strong. (Contr. shave. (Hind. Guni of poetry
-oi'oro, laini, thaifti.) Boriti hii may come from the name of a
ngumu kama chuma, this pole is as famous Pemba poet, Gztni.)
hard as iron. (2) Hard to deal with, *Gunia, n. (ma-), (1) a coarse
difficult, laborious, puzzling. (Contr. bag or sack used chiefly for rice im-
 GUNO 87 H-
ported from India, &c. Also (2) the (foot) of large size, but in Z. mgteu
material of which it is made, sack- is always used of the leg (foot) of an

cloth. animal or man. Ubaic wa ?naguu

Guno, n. {ma-), grunt, grumble, matatu, a three-legged stool, tripod.
—sound expressive of indignation or Gwanda, n. also Bwanda, a
contempt. (Cf. guna, mguno.) short kind of kanzu (which see),
Gunzi, {ma-), full-grown ear,
n. sometimes worn by men, reaching to
or cob, of Indian corn (tnuhindi). the knees.
(Cf. kigunzi, and kibunzi.) *Gwaride, n.{ma-), one of the
Guru, n. Sukali gtiru, a coarse words used in for the 'native
Z.
unrefined kind of sugar made from police,' and esp. their military band,
the cane, as in Z., and sold in large called also mdundo, matarumpeta.
dark-coloured lumps. Kucheza gwaride, to drill. (Cf.

wheel.
—
*Gurudumu, n. ( , and ma-), a
Used in the plur. of any
Engl, guard.)

vehicle of which the wheels are con-

H.
spicuous. (Cf. gari.) Magurudumu H represents generally the same
ya mzinga, a gun carriage. —
sound as in English, a sound which
Guruguru, n. {ma-), and Mguru- is of great importance in verb-forms

guru, a large kind of burrowing in Swahili, asbeing the main charac-

lizard. (Cf. mjusi, kenge.) of the negative conjugation.
teristic
Gurugusha, v. a variant of Gugu- In words of Arabic origin, this
rusha, which see. sound represents both forms of Arabic
Guruta, smooth with a press, put
v. H, and also in most words the
through the rollers of a mangling ma- Arabic Kh. The tendency in Swa-
chine, mangle, —
of clothes and linen hili is to soften down all gutturals to
generally. Gurtita nguo hizi vizuri, the point of disappearance, though
mangle these clothes properly. Ps. they are learnt and retained in some
gunttzva. Nt. gurutika. Ap. words of comparatively recent intro-
gurut-ia, -iwa. Sina cha kugurutia, duction and by persons brought into
I have no mangling machine. Cs. close relations with Arabs. also H
gurnt-isha, -ishwa. represents in a few words an initial
Gusa, v. touch, finger, handle with Alif or Ain in the Arab original,
the fingers. Vs.gtiswa. Nt.gu- and when an h sound in Arabic fol-
sika. Ap. gus-ia, -iwa. Rp. lows a vowel closely, the tendency in
gusana. (Cf. tomasa, papasa, bo- Swahili is to pronounce it before the
nyes ha.) vowel.
Guta, v. bawl, shout, cry out. A word not found under H may
Ap. gut-ia, -iwa. Cs. gut-isha, therefore be looked for under Kh, or
-ishwa. piga kelele.)
(Cf. syn. lia, under the first vowel of the word.
Gutu, stump, remainder.
n. {ma-),
G. la mkono, stump of mutilated arm.
(Cf. kikono.) G. la ?nnazi, trunk of H- (1) is the characteristic of the
cocoanut tree with the crown broken a. and adv. demonstrat. of nearness
off. Also dim. kigutu. (Cf. shiku, and of reference, this, this near me,
'

baki, salio.) this referred 4,0, that,' which appears

Gutua, v. or Kutua, startle, (followed always by the same vowel
frighten, surprise.Nt. gutuka. as occurs in the following syllable)
(Cf. the more common shisha, stuka.) in huyu, hawa, huu, hii, hizi, hiki,
Guu, n. {ma-), used of any object huku, humu, hapa,
hiri, hili, haya,
resembling a leg (foot), or of a leg and the corresponding forms in -0,
 HA 88 HADITHI
hityo, &c. (See esp. Huko, and
.
*Habari, n. and Khabari, (1)
Hiiyu, and the other characteristic
cf. news, report, message, information ;
demonstr. letter L.) (2) As a nega- (2) events, matters, proceedings,
tive prefix, is found only in the things. Common in salutations, of
2 and 3 Pers. S. of verb-forms. See persons meeting, e.g. Habari?. or
Ha- and Hu-. Habari gani? How are you? How are
Ha, a verb-form, he (she) is not, you getting on ? or Habari ya siku
negative prefix used in agreement nyingi ? How have you been of late ?
with Mtu. Yeye ha mwema, he is Niambie h. yake, tell me about him.
not good. Si is usually preferred to Kwa h. ya jambo lile, as to that
ha. matter. H. zangu zilizonipata, things
Ha- is the characteristic negative that happened to me. Ginsi gani
prefix of all verb-forms, except (1) kutufanya h. He? What did you
where si is used, i. e. in the 1 Pers. S. treat us like that for? (Ar. Cf.
of the Indie. Mood, in the Subjunc- hubiri, and syn. maarifa, tarifu,
tive, and in verb-forms containing a jambo.)
relative, e. g. si-pendi, I do not like *Habba, n. (ma-), and Hubba,
;

asiende, that he may not go yasi- (1) love, fondness, affection ;

; (2)
yopendeza, things which do not please. love-token, souvenir, gift. Of natural
(2) Where it becomes h- only, i. e. in affection of friends and relatives, as
the 2 and 3 Pers. S., e.g. h-u-pendi well as of the sexes. Tia habbani,
for ha-upendi, you do not like, and take a fancy to. Ana habba nami,
h-a-pendi for ha-apendi, he does not he is in love with me. Hanifunulii
like ( 3) when an additional sign of the habba, he does not open his feelings
;

negative is required, viz. the change to me. Amenitoka habbani, I have

of final a to t, in the Present Indica- ceased to care for him. (Ar. Cf.
tive only, e. g. hawapendi, they do common address in letters, muhebbi,
not like. Ha-, as Negative Prefix, and syn. pendo, mapenzi, shauku.)
is always initial. Habeshia, n. (ma-), also Mhabe-
Ha- is also a contraction for nika-, shia, Habushia, an Abyssinian.
the sign of the First Person Singular Used also of female domestic slaves
in the ka or Narrative Tense. Ha- of the suria class, of whatever race.
mwona for nikamwona, and I saw *Hadaa, v. cheat, deceive, outwit.
him. (Confusion with the negative Ps. hadaiwa. Nt. hadaika, be
is barred by the change of final a to i deceived. —
n. deception, cun-
in the Present Tense, see above, e. g. ning, trickery, &c. (Ar. Cf.
hamwoni, he does not see him, or danganya, punja, kalamkia, &c,
you (plur.) do not see.) also hi/a, ujanja, werevu.)
*Haba, a. (1) little (in quantity), *Hadimu, n. (ma-), servant, at-
few; (2) rare, scarce (3) not enough, tendant, slave. In Z. usually Mha-
;

deficient, too little, short (in amount). dimu, which see, i. e. one of the
Chakula h., not enough food. Mtu original inhabitants of the island.
h., a rare kind of man. Siku h., a (Cf. hudumu, Mhadimu, and syn.
few days, insufficient time. Maji h., mtumishi, mtumiva, mngo/e.)
shallow water, not enough water. *Hadithi, v. narrate, tell stories,
Sometimes used as a n., 'a little' of relate, describe, recount, report.
anything. (Cf. kidogo.) Haba na Ps. hadithiwa. Ap. hadith-ia,
haba hujaza kibaba, grain upon -iwa, tell to (for, about, in, &c), e. g.
grain fills the measure. (Cf. Ar. pamehadithiwa vingi, there are
haba, a grain, and syn. B. -chache, many stories told about the place.
kidogo, kitambo.) Tumehadithiwa, we have been told.
 HAFIFTJ 89 HAKI
history relates. — n. story, tale, request to, something of.
request
account, report, history, legend, Sina h. naye, I have no need of him,
fiction. Ni hadithi tu, is only
it he is of no use to me. Nana h., he
a story, mere fiction. (Ar. Cf. is not wanted. Haina h. ya ku-
sumulia, and kabari, kisa, ngano.) gombana, there is no reason for
*Hafiru, a. trifling, insignificant, quarrelling. Mabdghala ya kupakia
poor in quality, valueless, frivolous. h. zake, mules to carry his baggage.
Mtu h., a person of no consequence. Kwa h. ya kutembea, for the sake of
Nguo h. calico of inferior quality. a walk. Fanya h attend to the
}
,

Roho h., a light, flighty, wayward calls of nature. (Ar. Cf. hitaji,
disposition. (Ar. Cf. syn. -nyonge, koji, hoja or huja, and syn. for 'need,'
duni, -dogo, rahisi.) &c. mahitaji, maombi, ukosefu, for —
*Hai, a. or Hayi, alive, living, 'reason, &c.' sababu, ajiti, ?naana,
having life, animate. Yu hai, he is shartiy for —
necessaries riziki,
' '

alive. (Ar. Cf. uhai, huika, mafaa, vyombo, &c.)

huisha, and syn. B. -zima.) Hajambo, verb-form, Negat. Pfx. —
Hai, a verb-form, it is not, they of 3 Pers. S. combined with
are not, — Negat. Pfx. with Pers. jambo, thing, affair, matter, he is —
Pfx. agreeing with D
2 (P) or D
6 not (affected by) anything, there is
(S). See Ha-. nothing the matter with him. See
*Haiba, n. beauty, adornment, Jambo.
decoration. Mwanamke ana h. uso *Haji, n. (1) also Haj, a pil-
wake, the woman has beautified her grimage to Mecca, see Haj; (2)
face. H. inaingia sasa nyiunbani, {ma-), a pilgrim, one who is on his
the house is becoming decorated now. way to or has been to Mecca and ;

(Ar. Cf. syn. uzuri,pa??ibo, tiretnbo.) (3) more generally of an adherent of

Haina, verb-form, it has not (is any religion. Mahaji ya kizungu,
not), they have not (are not), —
the people who follow the European
Negat. Pfx. with Pers. Pfx. agreeing religion. —
v. also Hiji, Heji,
with D 2 (P) and D
6 (S), —
and na. make a pilgrimage to Mecca. Ap.
See Ha-, Na. haj-ia, -iwa. Atanihajia mahali
*Haini, n. traitor, betrayer, de- pangu, he will make the pilgrimage
ceiver. Also rarely as v., betray. for me. Cs. haj-isha, -ishwa, send
(Ar. Cf. hiana, and for deceiving, as a pilgrim, allow to go, provide
see Danganya.) means &c.
for, (Ar. Cf. haj.
*Haithuru, v. often used as, it Dist. haji, he does not come, i. e.
does not matter, never mind, it is all from_/<2, v.)
the same. (See Thuru, and syn. *Hajiri, v. remove (from), leave,
mamoja.) emigrate, move house. (Ar. for
*Haj, n. pilgrimage to Mecca, the common B. syn. hama.)
— incumbent on all Mahommedans, *Hakali, n. or Hikali, payment
where possible, and often undertaken for privilege, e. g. knshika hakali,
from Z. Kwenda haj, to go as a force to make a deposit, or pay foot-
pilgrim to Mecca. (Ar. See ing, as a stranger intruding, &c.
Haji.) (Arab, higal.)
*Haja, n. *Haki, n. ^t) justice, right, law-
(i) need, want, appeal
for aid, request; (2) reason, cause, fulness. Mtu wa h., a just man.
(3) Hukunni h., or kwa haki, judge
ground, excuse, claim, right ;
justly.
what is needed, necessaries, belong- Shika (or fanya) h., be just, deal
ings, engagements, calls of nature. justly. (2) In general, absolute jus-
Toa h. kwa, taka h. kzva, make a tice, righteousness. JSIuungu ni
 ) —
HAKI 90 HALI
mwenyi h. God is the Righteous One. he
, did not please, or (2) pfx. agreeing
(3) In particular, a claim, a right, a with Infin. Mood, e. g. kulala haku-
privilege, a just share. Nipe h.yangu, pendezi, lying down is not pleasant,
give me my wages, what I have a or (3) pfx. of general reference, e. g.
right to. Killa myenyi h. amwiaye haktipendezi, the circumstances are
futtani, any one who has a claim as unpleasant, or (4) Pers. Pfx. of 2 Pers.
creditor of so and so. Enda hakini, S. object, or P. object (with -eni), e. g.
appeal to the law. Nakunliza kwa hakiipendi, hakupendeni, he does not
haki, I have a right to ask you. ( Ar.) like you.
Haki, verb-form, it is not. (Cf. Hakuna, verb-form, often used as
hat.) simple negative no, not so, it is not,
*Hakika, n. certainty, reality, gen- Negat. Pfx. ha-, with ku of general
uineness, fact, truth. Mambo hay a ni reference or agreeing with an Infin.
h., these are facts. H. yako, truth Mood, and na, which see. (Cf.
as to you, you certainly, e.g. h.yako hamna, hapana, and for Negat. la,
umekosa, you are certainly wrong. siyo.)
Sina h. nalo, I am not sure about *Hal, n. Hal waradi, otto of
it. As adv. truly, certainly, really. roses, —
one of the favourite and most
(Ar. Cf. hakiki, halisi, kwe/i.) costly perfumes in Z. (Ar.)
*Hakiki, v. make sure about, as- *Halafu,adv. afterwards, presently,
certain, investigate, prove, know for not yet, after a bit. Also commonly
certain. Ps. hakikiwa. Nt. halafu yake, afterwards. Always of
hakikika, e. g. haihakikiki, certainty time. (Ar. Cf. baada, baadaye,
is unattainable. Ap. hakik-ia, -iwa, bado kidogo, and nyuma.)
inquire into (about, for, at). Cs. *Halali, a. lawful, permissible,
hakik-isha, -ishwa, cause to inves- allowed, rightful, optional, avail-
tigate, make a strict inquiry, have a able, ceremonially clean. Mke wake
matter gone into. (Ar. Cf. ha- h., his lawful, wedded wife. H.
kika.) kwettda, you may go if you like.
*Hakimu, n. {ma-), judge, ruler, Kwiba si h., it is unlawful to steal.
chief. H. wetu anayetumttiki, our Also as a n., h. yako, it is right for
chief who rules over us. H. hapen- you, you may. Kichwa changu h.
delei intu, the judge favours no one. yako, my head is at your mercy.
(Ar., not often used in Z., cf. hukumu, (Ar. Cf. halalisha, and hiyari.
and ? hekima, and syn. sultani, Contr. haramu, and dist. verb-form
mfa/me, jumbe, fumu, kath i. halali, he does not lie down, from /a/a.)
*Hakiri, v. treat with contempt, *Halalisha, v. Cs. make lawful,
despise, abase. Cs. hakir-isha, legalize, declare right, free from legal
-ishwa, e.g. as Intens., vilify, scorn. or ceremonial objections or disabili-
(Arab, for common tharau, tweza, ties. Muhammadi hakuha/a/isha
thilisha.) nyama ya nguruwe, Mohammed did
Hako,
verb-form, also Hayuko, not sanction pork (as food). Ps.
he (she) is not there (is away, is ha/a/ishwa. (Ar. Cf. hala/i.)
absent), Negat. Pfx. of 3 Pers. S. *Halasa, n. sailor's wages, i. e.
ha agreeing with D
1 (S), and Locat. ujira wa waanamaji.
Pfx. ko. (So hayuko, hapo, hamo, *Hali, n. state, condition, circum-
&c.) stances, case. A common form of
Haku-, as first part of a verb-form, address Halt gani? or
is ha/i U
is the Negat. Pfx. with ku, which in gani? How are you? (Cf. Habari,
this combination may be (1) sign of Jambo, Salaam.) Kwa ki//a h., in
Past Tense Negat., e.g. hakupendeza, any case. H. moja na, on same side
 —
HALI 91 • HAMISHI
as, of same views as, a follower of. wa, e. g. cause to remove, eject,
Yu h. yetu, he is one of ns. H. ya banish, transport. (Cf. -hame,
kuwa tikiwa, a state of desertion, -hamishi.)
desolation, —
of a woman abandoned *Hamaki, v. be confounded, lose
by her husband. (Ar. Cf. mahali, one's wits, act foolishly. (Ar. Cf.
pahali.) shangaa, toshewa, pumbaza. Dist.
Hali, verb-form, it is not, Negat. tahamaki.)
agreeing with D
5 (S). Cf. hai. *Hamali n. {ma-), porter, carrier,
— the professional town carrier
;

(Dist. hali, he does nor eat, Negat. coolie,

Present, from la.) in Z. Cf. mchiikuzi, any carrier of
*Halifu, v. (1) oppose, contradict, a parcel, or load mpagazi, a caravan-
;

rebel (against), disobey. H. mfalme, Merikebtiya h. ,a freight vessel,

porter.
or kwa mfalme, rebel against the merchant ship. Gari la h., a trolley,
king. H. sheria, transgress the law. goods-van. (Ar. Cf. hamili, hi-
Amenihaliftt sana, he violently op- mill, stahimili, and syn. mpagazi,
posed me. (2) Leave behind, esp. at mchukztzi.)
death, i.e. bequeath. Andika mali *Hamami, n. a public bath, bath-
yote aliyohalifu fullani, make an in- ing establishment. (Ar. Cf. for
ventory of all property left by So-and- room bath, birika ya kaogea, kiogeo.)
So. Ps. halijiwa. Ap. halif-ia, *Hamarawi, n. rope attached to
-iwa, -tana. Cs. halif-isha, -ishwa, lower or forward end of the yard in
e. g. incite to disobedience, &c. —a. a native vessel, to steady it and assist
rebellious, disobedient, headstrong. in shifting, when tacking, a fore- —
(Ar. Cf. for (1) -halifu, uhalifu, brace. See For o mali.
and syn. asi, kaidi, and B. pinga, *Hamaya, n. protection, guardian-
bisha, tela, &c, for (2) halafzi, and ship. Usually in formal documents,
acha, rithisha.) e. g.
fi hamayat al Ingereza, under
*Halili, Halilisha. See Halali, British protection, for the common
Halalisha. chini ya ?nkono wa, or tnkononi mwa,
*Halisi, a. real, genuine, true, in the hands of. (Ar. Cf. syn. B.
exact, precise, accurate. Myao halisi, ulinziy tunza.)
a true genuine Yao. Ndio halisi *Hamdu, n. praise usually in —
nitakayo, that is exactly what I want. Arab formal expressions, e. g. Al
Also adv., exactly, perfectly, really, hamdtt illahi, praise to God. (Cf.
just, just so. Njema halisi, of the himidi, hetndi, and syn. si/a.)
very best quality. (Ar. Cf. syn. -hame, a. deserted, abandoned,
haswa, sawasawa, kweli.) of place, e. g. mahame, pahame, a
*Halua, n. a common sweetmeat, deserted village. (Cf. hama, -hami-
made of flour, eggs, sugar, ghee, &c, shi, and syn. -kiwa.)
and often brought by Arabs from *Hami, v. protect, defend. (Arab.
Muscat. Cf. hamaya, and the common syn.
*Haluli, n. Chttmvi ya haluli, tunza, linda.)
sulphate of magnesia, Epsom salts. *Hamila, Hamili. See Himila,
Ham, verb-form, you (plur.) are Himili.
not, — Negat. Pfx. with Pfx. of 2 Pers. *Hamira, n. leaven, yeast, made
P. "object. (Cf. ha, and m.) by mixing flow and water, and leav-
Hama, change habitation, emi- ing it to turn sour. (St.)
v. (Arab,
grate, remove (from, to).
flit, H. for common syn. B. chachu.)
nyumba (mji, inchi), move from (or, -hamishi, a. wandering, nomad,
to) a house (town, country). Ap. migratory, homeless. (Cf. hama,
ham-ia, -iwa. Cs. ham-isha -ish- -hame.)
}
 )

HAMNA 92 HAPO
Hamna, verb-form, (i) there is not *Hangaika, v. See Angaika.
inside, there is not, —
no same as *Hani, v. also Hana, which see.
hakuna, hapana, but with m of Hanikiza, v. Cs. talk down, bear
reference to interior, for ku, pa ; (2) down with loud talking, drown an
you (plur.) have not, in which m is opponent's voice, bluff, prevent hear-
the Pers. Pfx. of 2 P. subject. See ing. Rp. hanikizana.
Hakuna. *Hanisi, a. impotent (sexually),
Hamo, verb-form, also Hayumo, effeminate, weak. (Ar.)
he is not within same as Hako— *Hanithi, a. ribald, foul, shame-
(which see) with mo, locative of in- Acha neno h. wee, stop that,
less.
terior, for ko. bad language, will you? (Arab,
*Hamsi, n. and a., five. Rarely for more usual -najisi, -chafu, -baya.)
used alone, for the common B. tano. *Hanzua, n. a kind of sword
Hamsi mia, five hundred. (Arab. dance, commonly played after Rama-
Cf. hamsini, hamstashara, alhamisi.) thani.
*Hamsini, n. and a., fifty, -a Hao, a. pron. of reference, 3 Pers.
hamsini, fiftieth. (Ar. Cf. hamsi.) P. agreeing with 1 D
(P), those
*Hamstash.ara, n. and a., fifteen. referred to, those there. See Huyu,
-a hamstashara, fifteenth. (Ar. and O.
Cf. hamsi, ashara, and syn. B. kumi Hapa,
pron. of place, this place,
a.
na tano.) agreeing with —
7, seldom of time D
*Hamu, n. grief, sorrow, distress. or circumstances, and generally used
Tia hamu, grieve. Fanya {ingiwa alone as pron. or locative adv. H.
na) hamu, he grieved. (Ar. Cf. pazztri, this is a nice place. Toka h.
ghammti, and syn. huzicni, sikitiko, hatta mjini, from here to the town.
majonsi, &c. Dist. hamu, haste, Njoo h., come here. H. pana watu,
hurry, —not often heard, cf. hima. here there are people. Sometimes
Tuna hamu ya kwenda zetu, we are papa hapa, just here, on this very spot
in a hurry to go, &c.) (cf. papa). See Huyu, and cf. follg.
*Hana, v. also Hani, mourn (with), Hapale, a. pron. for hapa-pale,
pay a visit of condolence (to), join in just there, at that very place. (Cf.
a formal mourning. Ap. han-ia, huyule, hivile, &c, and see Huyu,
-iwa. Cs. hani-sha, -shwa. Rp. Yule.)
haniana. (Ar. Cf. matanga.) Hapana, verb-form, there is not
Hana, verb-form, he (she) has there, there is none, no same as —
—
not Negat. Pfx. with na, which see. hakuna, hamna, but with pa, agree-
Hana hitu, he has nothing. Hana ing with 7, of place. CommonlyD
kwao, he has no home, he is a vaga- as a simple negation, like hakuna,
bond. la, siyo.
*Hanamu, a. oblique, aslant, side- Hapo, a. pron. of reference, agree-
ways. Kata h., ing with
cut obliquely. (Cf. 7, and like hapa com- D
syn. mshathali, kombo, upande.) monly used alone, but unlike hapa,
*Handaki, n. ditch, trench, chan- of time as well as place, and also
nel (artificial). (Ar. Cf. shimo, more generally of circumstances.
msingi. Toka hapo ! get out of that go !

*Hando, n. a copper vessel, similar along //. kale, in the days of old,
!

to the earthenware mtungi, with once upon a time, often at the begin-
narrow circular opening at the top, ning of a story. Tangu h., tokea h.,
used chiefly for carrying and storing from long ago, ever so long. Hapo,
water. (For other metal vessels cf. in that case, under the circumstances.
sufuria, kitasa, kalasia,) H
mbali, that was a different case.
 HAPO 93 HARIMU
Also papo hapo, just there, at that *Harara, n. heat, warmth, (i) of
very place (time, crisis). (Cf. hapa, the body, high temperature, inflam-
huyo, papa.) mation, prickly heat, rash produced
Hapo, verb-form, also Hayupo. by heat. Ameshikwa na h., he is
he (she) is not here, same as huko, — hot, feverish. Yuna h. ya tnapaja
hamo, with locative -po for -ko, -mo. kwa jna na njia, he has a rash on
*Hara, v. have looseness of the the thighs from the heat and walking.
bowels, suffer from frequent purging, (2) fig. hot temper, rashness, pre-
have diarrhoea, &c. H. damn, have cipitancy. H. ya moyo, moyo wa h.,
dysentery, pass blood with the stools. moyo h., a passionate disposition,
Dawa ya knhara (also, ya kuha- quick temper. (Ar. Cf. hari, and
rishd), an aperient medicine, a laxa- syn. moto, uvukuto.)
tive, a purge. Cs. har-isha, -ishwa. *Hari, n. heat in general, and esp.
Chaht/a hiki chaniharisha, this food perspiration, sweat. H. ya jua, the
gives me diarrhoea. (Ar.) heat of the sun. Mwili wangu una
*Harabu, n. ( —a , and ma-), one h.,vsvj body is hot. Toka h., perspire.
H. zanitona, sweat drops off me.
who is destructive, spoiler, a ruffian,
a vandal. Mwarabu h. uAende (Ar. Cf. harara, and syn. moto,josho.)
mrima, the Arab is a destroyer, so *-h.aribifu, a. {haribifti with 4 D
do not go to the mainland. Nazi (P), D
5 (S), D
6), destructive,
mbovu h. ya nzima, bad cocoanuts wasteful, prodigal, doing harm, spoil-
spoil the good ones. Also a. -harabu, ing. Mharibifu wa mali, a spend-
destructive, violent. (Ar. Cf. thrift. (Cf. haribu, haralw, uhar-
haribu, uharabu.) abu, and syn. -potevu, -bathirifu.)
*Haradali, n. mustard. (Ar.) *Haribu, v. injure, destroy, spoil,
*Haraja, n. cost, expense, outlay, damage, ruin, demoralize. H. kazi,
payment. (Ar. Cf. harijia, and spoil work. H. safari, break- up an
more common syn. gha?'ama.) expedition. H. inchi, devastate a
*Haraka, n. haste, hurry, bustle, country. H. mimba, cause mis-
excitement, fun. Fanya h., make carriage. H. moyo, pervert, corrupt.
haste. Enda kwa h., be in a hurry. Ps. haribiwa. Nt. haribika, with
Haraka, haraka, haina baraka, hurry several derived forms. Ap. harib-
has no blessing. Also as adv., in ikia, be ruined, in respect of, suffer
a hurry, hastily, flurriedly. (Ar. loss of, and Ps. haribikiwa, be the
Cf. harikisha, and for haste, syn. victim of violence, be robbed of every-
hima, tvepesi, and for flurry, angaika, thing, be utterly ruined. Cs. haribik-
chafuka.) isha, -ishwa, inflict ruin on. Rp.
*Harakisha, v. Cs. and Hari- haribikana, be liable to destruction.
kisha, cause haste (bustle, excite- Ap. harib-ia, -iwa, -iana. Cs.
ment, &c). (Ar. Cf. haraka, ta- harib-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. har-
hamki, and syn. himiza.) abti, -haribifu, and syn. B. vunja,
*Haramia, n. outlaw, pirate, bri- angamiza, poteza)
gand, bandit, highway robber. (Ar. *Harijia, v. Ap. spend money on,
Cf. follg. and syn. mtoro, pakacha, incur outlay for, make provision for,

mnyanganyi.) be liberal to. Ps. ha?'ijiwa. (Ar.

*Haraniu, a. forbidden, unlawful, Cf. haraja, an<* the more usual syn.
prohibited, i.e. by Mahommedan law gharimia, and cf. kirimu, karama.)
or custom. Mwana wa h., an ille- Harimu, v. make illegal, declare
gitimate child, a bastard. (Ar. unlawful, forbid, ban, interdict, ex-
harimu, harimisha, and cf. gombeza, communicate. Ps. harimiwa.
?naru/uku, and contr. halali.) Ap. harimia, forbid to, declare
 —
HARIRI 94 HATHARI
wrong for, &c. Cs. harim-isha, nguo zake, you envy him his clothes.
•ishwa, often Intens. and so instead (For derivatives, &c,
see Husudu.)
of the Pr. harimu, declare illegal, — n. (1) envy, jealousy, spite ; (2)
according to Mahommedan law. an envious, spiteful person, and in
Harimisha mtu kitu, interdict some general, enemy, foe. Tukaona huyu
one from something. Ttcmekarimi- ndiye hasidi, and we see that he was
s/iwa kileo, we are forbidden intoxi- indeed our enemy. (Ar. Cf. uha-
cants. — n. (ma-), person or thing sidi, ukusuda, and syn. B. uwivu.)
forbidden. Maharimu, persons *Hasimu, n. antagonist, rival, op-
within the prohibited degrees of con- ponent. (Arab. Cf. husiuna, — for
sanguinity and so forbidden to each common adui, and cf. mdai, mtesi,
other. (Ar. Cf. haramu, haramia, &c.)
and for forbidding, gombeza, kataza, *Hasira, n. anger, wrath, passion.
piga, marufukti.) Ktiwa na k., Kutia
to be angry.
*Hariri, n. silk. (Ar.) h., to Used with many verbs,
enrage.
*Harisha, v. Cs. cause free ac- e. g. fanya, ona, piga, shikwa na,
tion of the bowels, produce diarrhoea. ingia, ingiwa, patwa na, &c. (The
(Ar. See Hara, and cf. syn. endesha common word in Z. Cf. kasirika,
choo.) and syn. ghathabti, uchungu, chuki.
*Harufu, n. (i) a letter (of the Dist. follg.)
alphabet), a written character, figure. *Hasiri, v. injure, damage, hurt,
H. za kiarabu, Arabic writing char- inflict loss on. Paka
ana/iaszri
acters. (Ar. Cf. tarakimti.) (2) watu, the cat
is doing injury to
Scent, smell, odour, of any kind, good people. Mbau zimemhasiri, the
or bad. (Cf. nuka, manukato, planks have been a loss to him.
twtindo.) Ps. hasiriwa. Nt. hasirika. Ap.
*Harusi, n. wedding. See Arusi. hasir-ia, -iwa. Cs. hasir-isha,
(Ar. —
the h representing Ain.) -islnva, and Intens. injure. Rp.
*Hasara, n. loss, damage, injury. hasiriana. (Ar. Cf. hasara, and
Pata h., lose. Tia h., cause loss to. syn. thara, shari. Dist. hasira,
Lipa h., pay damages, repay, make anger.)
amends. (Ar. Cf. hasiri, thara, *Hassa, adv. also Haswa, exactly,
7ipotevu.) wholly, completely, very much.
*Hasria, int. certainly not, by no (Ar. Cf. halisi, barabba, kabisa,
means, impossible, God forbid, sana.)
a very emphatic negative. (Ar. *Hatamu, n. bridle, i. e. ugwe wa
Other negatives are la, sio, haktma.) mdomoni, the mouth strap, to guide
*Hasherati, n. profligacy, vice. or fasten an animal with. (Ar.
See Asherati. (Ar.) The bit is lija?nu.)
Hasho, n. a piece of wood used *Hatari, n. danger, peril, risk,
as a patch, let in or fixed on, to jeopardy. Hatarikwe?ida, it is dan-
close a hole, &c. gerous to go. Jitia hatarini, run
*Hasi, v. castrate, geld. Ps. a risk, imperil oneself. (Cf. hatir-
hasiwa. Also n. (ma-), a bullock, ts/ia, and dist. hathari. Cf. ma-
a gelding. (Ar. Cf. mhasi, viak- shaka.)
sai, and syn. tawashi.) *Hathari, v. exercise care, be
*Hasibu, v. also Hesabu, count, cautious, act with prudence. Ha-
reckon up, calculate. (Ar. For thari kwa adui, be on guard against
derivatives, &c, see Hesabu.) (be on the look-out for) an enemy.
*Hasidi, v. also Husudu, envy, Jihathari is a common cry of warn-
grudge, be jealous of. Una?nhasidi ing, Mind yourself Look out Take ! !
 —
HATI 95 HAWA
care ! — like bismilla. — n. caution, one (even one). Often with kidogo,
care, prudence. Common in such after a negative, i. e. not in the least,
phrases as kuwa na h. } to be on one's not even a little, not at all. Also
guard kutia h., to put on one's
; without kidogo, but in same sense,
guard, to caution. Also any a h,, f habari hii si kweli hatta, this report
jipasha h., pata h. (Ar. Cf. syn. is not true at all. Sometimes even
angalia, jilinda, kuwa macho.) with negative only implied, e. g.
*Hati, n. written note, memoran- Amekwenda? hatta, Has he gone?
dum, document, certificate, writing, Not he. (2) conj. (a) connective,
esp. of an official or formal kind, so, then, next, often merely tran-
e. g. andikia hati, emancipate, write sitional and not requiring translation,
a freedom-paper for. (Ar. Cf. h. assubuhi, so in the morning.
waraka, a news letter, of ordinary H. siku moja, one day, once upon a
correspondence, and barua, cheti.) time, (b) subordinative, so as to,
Hatia, n. See Hatiya, and Atia. even if, though. Ntafanza akili
*Hatibu, n. {ma-), a preacher. gani, h. tugawe sawasawa ? What
H. anapanda ndani ya mimbara plan shall I follow, so that we may
apate kuhtitubu, the preachjr is divide equally ? H. aje na mkuki,
mounting the pulpit to give his ad- usikubali, even if he come with a
dress. (Ar. Cf. hutubu, hotuba.) spear, do not consent. (3) adv. H.
*Hatima, n. end, conclusion. ntampiga, I will even beat him,
Akakaa raha hatta hatima, and he I will go so far as to beat him. Ba-
lived happily to the day of his death. hati yako h. nimekuja, Thanks to
Hatimaye, for hati?na yake, used as your good luck, I have even come,
adv., finally. —
adv. finally, at I am (Ar.)
positively here.
last, in the end, and sometimes as Hatu, verb-form, weare not,
prep, after, e. g. hatima kufa kwake, Negat. Pfx. with Pfx. of 1 Pers. P.
after his death. (Ar. Cf. hitima, See Ha-, and Tu.
hitimu, and syn. B. mivisho, kikomo.) *Hatua, n. step, pace, in walking,
*Hatirisha, v. Cs. put in danger, also footstep, mark left by the foot.
endanger, risk, imperil. Amehatir- Pima kwa h., measure by paces.
isha mali katika chombo, he has Vuta h. hapahapa, go a step
tta
risked his goods on a dhow. Ps. in either direction. Safari h., a jour-
hatirishwa. Rf. jihatirisha, risk ney on foot. H. mbili mbele, two
oneself, i. e. jitia hatarini. (Ar. steps to the front. (Ar. Cf. uayo.)
Cf. hatari.) Hau, verb-fojm, it is not, Negat.
*Hatiya, n. and Hatia, (i) fault, Pfx., and Pfx. agreeing with 2 (S), D
transgression, crime, sin; (2) guilt, and D 4 See Ha-, and U.
(S).
blame, culpability. Tia hatiyani, Hauna, it is not (does
verb-form,
find fault with, accuse. Kuwa —
not exist), it has not, Negat. Pfx.,
na na (mtu) may mean either to
h. and Pfx. agreeing with 2 (S), D
4 D
have done a wrong to, or, to have a (S), and na (which see).
charge against. (Ar. Cf. thambi, Havi, verb-form, they are not,
kosa.) Negat. Pfx. and Pfx. agreeing with
*Hatta, (1) prep, until, up to, D 3 (P). See Ha-.
as far as, as much as, —
implying a Havina, veA-form, they are not,
point, object, degree, or condition in they have not,— Negat. Pfx. and Pfx.
view. Toka hapa h. htiko, from here agreeing with D
3 (P), and
na
to there. Tangu assubuhi h. jioni, (which see).
from morning to evening. Simpi h. *Hawa, n. (1) longing, bias,
moja, I will not give him as much as strong inclination, lust, passion.
 — —;

HAWA 96 HAZI
Huyu yuna h. ya moyo, this man Cs. hawil-isha, -ishwa. (2) Give se-
is deeply in love. Ustfanye h. nafsi, curity for, guarantee, undertake re-
do not show bias, do not be partial. sponsibility for. H. deni, become
(Ar., with ya final. Cf. syn. shauko, responsible for a debt. (Ar. Cf.
habba, mapenzi, ngoa, tamaa, roho, hawala, and syn. (1) badili, (2)
maelekeo, uchu.) (2) Air, the air. diriki.)
H. ya kule nzuri sana, the air there *Haya, n. (1) shame, modesty?
is delightful. Badili h., take a bashfulness, shamefacedness (2) ;

change of air. (Ar., with alif final. cause of shame, disgrace ; (3) hu-
Cf. anga, upepo, baridi, labia, cli- mility, respect, reverence. Tia h.,
mate. Hawa is also sometimes make ashamed. Fanya{pna) h.,feel
written hewa, —
the first a having a shame, be shy. JIana h., he is a
light sound like a short e. Cf. alfu, shameless (impudent, brazen) person.
elfu, mzualimu, elimu, &c, and e.) (Ar. Cf. syn. aibti,fetheha, tahayari.
(3) Eve, the first woman. (Ar., Dist. follg.)
not the same h as (1) and (2). (4) Haya, (1) int. as call to action or
See follg. come on
effort, ! now then ! work
Hawa, pron. these, plur. of huyu, away ! step out ! make haste &c. !

agreeing with 1 (P). D (2) a. these, plur. of huyu, agreeing

Hawa, verb-form, they are not, with D 5 (P) (3) verb-form, they
— Negat. Pfx. and Pfx. agree-
;

Negat. Pfx. with Pfx. agreeing with are not,

D 1 (P). ing with D 5 (P).
*Hawa, Hawaa, Hawai, n. also Hayale, haya-yale, those
a. for
Hawara, a paramour, a woman very (things), agreeing with 5 (P). D
living with a man who is not her (Cf. huyule, huyu, yule.)
husband. (Cf. suria, kinyumba, *Hayamkini, v. it is impossible.
mwandani, kahaba.) See Yamkini. (Ar.)
*Hawala, n. also Awala, money Hayana, verb-form, they are not
order, cheque, draft, bill of exchange. (do not exist), they have not,— Negat.
(Ar. Cf. syn. hundi, hati.) Pfx. and Pfx. agreeing with 5 (P), D
Hawana, verb-form, they are not' and na (which see).
(do not exist), they have not, Negat. — *Hayawani, n. a brute, a beast,
Pfx. and Pfx. agreeing with 1 (P), D
like a brute, and so of persons, fool,
and na (which see). idiot, brute. (Ar. Cf. uhayazvani,
Hawezi, n. 3 Sing. Pres. Indie. and syn. mjinga, mpumbafu.)
Negat. of weza, he is unable, he has *Hayi, a. alive, living. See Hai.
not strength, he is sick. So com- (Ar.)
monly applied to the condition of Hayo, a. of reference, agreeing
sickness, as to be sometimes used as with D
5 (P), those referred to, those
an indeclinable adj., sick, ill, e.g. yonder, those. (Cf. huyo.)
nalikuwa hawezi, for siwezi, I was Hayuko, verb-form, he (she) is
ill. Walikuta ivatu wengi hawezi, not there, Negat. Pfx., Pfx. yu —
they found many people sick. And agreeing with 1 (S), and locative D
even as verb, e. g. amehawezi, he has Pfx. -ho. (Cf. ha-, -ko)
become sick, he is ill. See "Weza, *Hazama, n. also Azama, or
and Siwezi. Athama, nose-ornament, pendant.
Hawi, v. 3 Pers. Sing. Pres. Indie. (Ar.)
Negat. of -wa ikuwa), he is not, *Hazamu, n. {ma-), girdle. Com-
he does not exist. See -wa. monly in the plur. (Ar. Cf. ma-
*Hawili, v. (1) change, transfer. hazamu, mshipi, masombo.)
//. chombo, change ship, trans-ship. Hazi, verb-form, they are not,
 HAZINA 97 HESHIMA
Negat. Pfx., with Pfx. agreeing with *Henzarani, n. a cane, canework.
D 4 (P), D 6. (Cf. ha-.) *Heri, n. happiness, blessedness,
*Hazina, n. treasure, deposit of good fortune, luck, success, advan-
money, exchequer, privy purse. H. tage. H. yako ni yetti, your happi-
ya ??iali, nyumba ya h., treasury. ness is ours. Mtic wa k., a fortunate
(Ar. Cf. dafina, mali, akiba.) (happy, enviable) man. Kujaliwa
Hazina, verb-form, they are not k. to be granted good fortune. Kufu-
,

(do not exist) they have not, Negat.

, — nuliwa h., to make a lucky guess,
Pfx., with Pfx. agreeing with 4 (P), D hit on a happy idea. Common in
D 6, and na (which see). formula of leave-taking, kwa heri,
*Hebbu, be pleased with,
v. like, good-bye, or kwa heri ya kuonana,
take a fancy Baba aliuhebbu good-bye till we meet again. Also
to.
unyoya tile, his father took a fancy heri, it is well, it is best (like afa-
to that feather. Ap. kebb-ia, -iwa. tkali), e. g. heri uende, you had
(Arab, seldom used. Cf. kabba, hiba.) better go. (Ar. Cf. subalkheri,
*Hedaya, n. gift, present, usually masalkkeri, in which the kh is more
of something rare, costly, or wonder- distinctly heard as a guttural.)
ful. Kitu cha k., a costl) thing. Hero, small wooden dish,
n. a
(Arab. Cf. atia, zawadi, bakshishi, sometimes on legs, used for serving
tunu, &c.) food on. (Cf. ckungti.)
*Hekalu, n. {ma-), a large build- *Hesabu, v. also Hasibu, Hi-
ing, a palace, a temple, the temple sabu, count, calculate, reckon up.
at Jerusalem. (Ar. Cf. syn. B. Ps. hesabiwa. Nt. hesabika. Hazi-
jumba.) hesabiki, they are not counted, or,
*Hekima, wisdom, knowledge, they are not to be counted, i.e. worth-
n.
judgement. (Ar. Cf. hakimu, hu- less, or, they are past counting, i. e.
kumu, and syn. elimu, busara, akili, numberless. Ap. hesab-ia, reckon
maari/a.) with (to the credit of, against, &c).
*Hekimiza, v. Cs. cause to know, Rp. hesabiana, settle accounts to-
give instructions to, inform, direct. gether. Cs. hesab-isha, -ishwa,
Ametuhekimiza tukutunze, he di- e. g. ntahesabisha, I will have an
rected us to take care of you. Ps. account taken. —
n. (1) reckon-
hekimizwa. (Ar. Cf. prec.) ing, calculation, enumeration; (2) a
*Hema, —
n. ( , and ma-), a tent. bill, an account (of money, measure,
Piga (simikisha) k., pitch a tent. value) ; (3) the art of counting,
Ondoa {ngod) k., strike a tent. (Ar.) numeration, arithmetic. Chuo cha
*Hemdi, n. also Himidi, praise, k., an account book, like daftari.
esp. in ascription to God. (Ar. Toa k., give an account. Andika
Cf. kamdu, follg. and syn. sifa.) katika k., put down to an account.
*Hemidi, v. and Himidi, praise. Fanya h. reckon up, calculate. Taka ,

Ps. hemidiwa. (Ar. Cf. kamdu, k., demand an account. (Ar. Cf.
hemdi, and syn. sifu.) idadi, pima, kadiri.)
*Henza, halyard,
n. — the thick *Heshima, often Heshima,
n.
rope by which the heavy yard and (1) as a quality or condition, honour,
sail of a native vessel is hoisted. It dignity, position, rank; (2) the cor-
passes over a sheave at the masthead, relative attit-wle in others, respect,
and carries a double or treble pulley reverence, awe, courtesy ; (3) as
(gqfia) connected with another [abe- shown in act, a present, acknow-
dari) on deck by a smaller rope ledgement, fee. Hana h., he has
(j'irari), giving the necessary pur- no dignity, or, he is disrespectful.
chase. (Cf. tang a.) Wekea (wekeana) k., treat (each
H
 HESHIMT7 98 HIMIDI
other) with honour. H. kwake tele, 'present' generally bakshishi, ada,
he is full of due consideration for zawadi, &c.)
people. (Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. Hicho, of reference, that, that
a.
(i) tttukufu, daraja, cheo\ (2) hofu, yonder, agreeing with 3 (S). D
adabu ; (3) bakshishi, &c.) (Cf. huyo and -0.)
*Heshimu, v. honour, pay respect *Hidima, n. also Huduma, ser-
to, treat with courtesy, give a present vice, employment, ministration. M-
to. Ps. heshimiwa. Ap. he- zungu atia watu katika h. yake, this
shim-ia, -tana. (Ar. Cf. tukuza, white man
takes people into his
hashimu.)
j'ali, stahi, service. (Ar. Cf. hudumu, mha-
*Hessi, n. ( —
and ma-), a screw.
Also msomari wa hessi.
,

(Cf. para-
dimu, and syn. utumwa, titumishi,
kazi.)
fnjo, msomari.) *Hifathi, v. sometimes Hafithi,
*Hethi, n. menses, menstruation, preserve, keep, protect, save. Muu-
^more commonly mwezi or damn. ngu amhifathi, may God keep him.
Kuwa na h., to menstruate, also Ps. hifathiwa. Nt. hifathika. Ap.
ingia mwezini (damuni). (Ar.) hifath-ia, -iana. Cs. hifath-isha,
Hi-, as first syllable of a verb- -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. linda, tunza,
form, is (if not part of the root) a ponya, okoa, &c.)
contraction for niki-, i. e. Pfx. of Hii, a. dem. this, there, agree- —
1 Pers. Sing, of the Pres. Partic, ing with 2 (P), D
6 (S). (Cf. D
e.g. hipenda, for nikipenda. (Cf. huyu.) Also hiile (of emphasis,
ha for nika, and see Ki.) i. e. hii-ile), that (those) very. (Cf.
Hiana, a. sometimes -hiana, (1) huytile.)
tough, hard, strong. Mti huu ni h., *Hikaya, n. and Hekaya, story,
or una h., this wood is hard. (2) anecdote, remarkable incident. Nna
Hard, unyielding, domineering, op- h., I have something to tell you.
pressive, arrogant. (Cf. uhiana, and Ttimeona h. leo, we have seen a
syn. -gumu.) —
n. (1) hardness; strange thing to-day. (Ar. Cf.
(2) oppression. Mtu hamfanyi mwe- kisa, ngano, hadithi, habari.)
nziwe h., a man is not hard upon his Hiki, a. —
dem. this, agreeing with
friend. {Hiana, u hiana, is also D 3 (S). Also hikile (of emphasis,
sometimes used as a variant of haini, i. e. hili lile), that very. (Cf. huyu,
treacherous, deceitful.) htiytde.)
*Hiari, n. and Hiyari, choice, *Hila, n. device, trick, stratagem,
option, power of deciding, control. craft, cunning, deceit. Fanya h., use
Hiari yako, just as you like. Kichwa cunning, try to circumvent. Mtu wa
changu h. yako, my life (head) is in h., a wily, sly man. (Ar. Cf. ha-
your hands, you may kill me if you daa, madanganya, xverevu, uj'anja.)
like. Killa mtu ana h. katika ny- Hili, a. dem. this, agreeing with
timba yake, every man is master in D 5 (S). Also hilile (of emphasis,
his own house. Kazi ya h., voluntary i.e. hili lile), this very. (Cf. huyu,
labour. — choose, prefer. Waa-
v. huyule.) Similarly hilo, of reference,
nake wakahiyari kukabili risasi zetn, that, that yonder. (Cf. huyo, -0.)
the women deliberately faced our Hima,adv. quick, quickly, hastily,
bullets. (Ar. Cf. ihtiari, and syn. in a hurry. Fanya h., make haste.
chagua, fanya kwa moyo.) Twende h., let us go quickly. Hima!
*Hiba, n. gift, present, keepsake, hima ! quick quick ! (Cf. himiza, !

souvenir, —
given as sign of affection, ha?nu, and syn. tipesi, haraka, mbio.)
hence also bequest, legacy. (Ar. *Himidi, v. praise, extol, magnify,
Cf. habba, muhebbi, hebbu, and for esp. of praise to God. Ps. himi-
 ;

HIMILA 99 HITILAFU
diiva. — n. praise. (Ar. Cf. panions of his youth. (Ar. Cf.
hamdu, hemdi, and syn. sifu, si/a.) umri.)
*Himila, n. (i) load, burden (2) *Hirizi, n. charm, amulet, i.e.
;

pregnancy. Mke wangu ana h., tiganga wa kuvaa mwilini, uvaiiwao,

amechukua mimba, my wife is with medicine worn on the person, which
child, she has conceived. (Ar. for is put on, round the neck or at the
the commoner (1) mzigo, (2) mimba. side. Often a small leather case,
Cf. follg.) containing a sentence from the Coram
*Himili, v. (1) bear, support, (Ar. Cf. tiganga, dawa, talasimu.)
carry, take away; (2) bear, endure, *Hisa, n. (1) part, portion, share
accept, be equal to ; (3) be pregnant. (cf. fungu, sehemu) ; (2) ? indulgence,
Ruhnsa kuhimili mizigo, leave to permission, pardon. (Ar.)
carry the loads. Himilijiia, endure *Hisani, n. kindness, favour, good-
the heat of the sun. Ps. himiliwa. ness. Kwa h. yako, by your kind-
Nt. himilika. Ap. himil-ia, -iwa, ness. (Ar. Cf. ahsante, and syn.
-iana. Cs. himil-isha, -ishwa. fathili, we ma.)
,

(Ar. Cf. kimila, hamali, stahimili, *Hitaji, v. need, require, be in

and syn. chukua, vumilia, k..wa na need of, lack, want, feel want of,
mimba.) desire. Nahitaji chakula, I need
Himiza, v. Cs. hasten, hurry, cause food. Often impersonal, e.g. yahi-
to be done (to go) quickly. Himiza taji mashahidi wawe watti wa kweli,
tvaiu kazi, make men work quickly. witnesses need to be truthful. Yahi-
Himiza chakula, hurry on a meal. taji tile sana, you should eat heartily.
Ps. himizzca. Ap. himiz-ia, riwa. Sometimes be wanting, be wanted,''

Rp. himizana. (Cf. hima, and e.g. vitu vinavyohitaji katika ma-
syn. kimbiza, endesha, harakisha.) zishi, requisites for burial. Ps.
Hina, n. henna, prepared from the hitajiwa. Nt. hitajika. Ap.
plant mhina, a very favourite red hitajia, like hitaji, e. g. ahitajia
dye. kupigzua, he wants a beating. Ahi-
*Hindi, n. {ma-), (1) a single tajia kuwapo hapa, he needs must
grain of Indian corn, a seed of the be here. Rp. hitajiana. n. —
plant muhindi, which see ; (2) India, (ma-), need, want, petition. (Ar.
also Ulaya Hindi, Uhindi. (Dist. Cf. haja, 7?ihitaji, and syn. taka.)
Mhindi, a Hindoo.) *Hitari, v. choose, select, prefer.
*Hini, v. refuse to give (to), with- Ps. hitariwa. Kalamu iliyohitariiua,
hold (from), keep back (from). Ame- a choice, selected pen. Cs. hitar-
nihini fetha yangu, he has kept back isha, -ishwa, e. g. cause to choose,
my money. Hatanihini tiganga, he give choice (of). (Ar. Cf. follg.,
will not refuse me medicine. Jihini and the common syn. chagtia, tetia.)
chakula, denv oneself food. Ps. *Hitiari, n. also Ihtiari, choice,
hiniwa. Nt. hinika. Ap. hin- selection, preference. H. yako, as
ia, -iwa, -iana. Cs. hin-isha, you like, i. e. tipendavyo. Nathari
-ishwa. Jihinisha, practise self- na h. ni kwako, the decision and
denial. (Ar. Cf. syn. nyima, choice lie with you. (Ar. Cf.
katalia.) hitari, and syn. hiyari, nathari?)
*Hirimu, n. ( — and ma-), (1)
, Hitilafu, *. also Ihtilafu, (1)
age, period of life, and esp. of youth, difference, something out of the way
from 10 to 25; (2) one of the same (unusual, of special interest, critical)
age, a contemporary. Vijana wa h. (2) defect, blemish. Shatiri lao moja
moja, young people of the same age. wala hapana h., their design is the
Alahirimu yake ya kijana, the com- same and there is no difference. Aka-
H 2
 —
HITIMA 100 HODI
ona h. kidogo, he noticed a small this very day. Also hivile, for
variation. (3) Difference, discord, emphasis, i.e. hivi vile, those very
variance, quarrel, quarrelsomeness, (things).
of persons. Also of musical sounds. Hivyo, a. dem. of reference, those,
Hana &., there is nothing wrong those yonder. Also adv., in that
about him, he does not give trouble, manner, in the manner described, so.
cause discord. —
v. be different, Often vivyo hivyo, just so, exactly so.
make a difference. Sometimes im- (Cf. huyo, -vyo.)
pers. imehitilafu, there is a differ- Hiyana, Hiyari. See Hiana,
ence. Rp. hitilafiana, be different, Hiari.
distinct from each other, e. g. lugha Hiyo, a. dem. of reference, that
hizi zimehitilafiana, these languages (those), that (those) yonder, agree- —
(Svvahili and Arabic) are quite dis- ing with D 2 (P), D 6 (S). (Cf.
tinct. (Ar. Cf. tafauti, mbali- huyo, -0.)
mbali, achana.) *Hizi, v. disgrace, put to shame,
*Hitima, n. a Mahommedan ser- dishonour, insult, inflict punishment
vice, or office, in conclusion of some on. Mtoto amemhizi babaye,
the
event, i.e. a reading of certain por- child has disgraced his father. Ps.
tions of the Coran, esp. (1) a funeral hiziwa. Nt. hizika. Ap. hiz-ia,
service (2) service at a housewarm-
;
-iwa. (Ar. Cf. syn. aibisha,
m g5 (3) a feast given at such a fethehesha, tahayarisha, tweza.)
ceremony, e. g. siku ya tatu hufanya Hizi, a. dem. these, — agreeing with
h.,yaani hupika wait, after three days D4 (P), D6 (P). Siku hizi, some
(of mourning, matanga) a feast is days ago, lately, modern times, now-
made, i.e. rice is cooked. Kusoma adays. Also zizi hizi, just these,
these very. Also hizi/e, for emphasis,
h. katika kaburi, to hold a service at
a grave. (Ar. Cf. hitimu, hati- i. e. hizi zi/e, those very. Hizo, as
ma, and for other services, buruda, the form of reference, those, those
fatiha.) yonder. (Cf. huyu, httyo.)
*Hitimu, v. finish, end, come to *Hodari, a. (1) strong, firm, stable,
an end, be completed. Most common solid; (2) active, energetic, brave,
in the special sense, ' finish education, earnest, strong-willed. Used of
complete a course of reading or in- strength generally, in substance,
struction, end an apprenticeship, be- construction, character, &c. Boriti
come a qualified teacher or workman,' h., strong poles. Ukuta h., a solid
equivalent to pass, take a degree, be
'
wall. Mtu h. wa kazi {wa vita, wa
out of time.' Mwalimu amehitimisha maneno), an effective, able mechanic
chuo mtoto, naye mtoto amehitimu, (soldier, orator). (Perh. Hind.
the teacher has taken his pupil Cf. thabiti, and syn. B. -a nguvu,
through the whole course of reading, -gunm. Contr. thaifu.)
and the pupil has passed. Ap. *Hodi, n. used in Z. invariably
hitim-ia, -iwa. Cs. hitim-isha, and only as a polite inquiry before
-ishwa. Kulihitimisha jambo letu, entering a private house or room,
to complete our business. (Ar. '
May I come in ? and, unless an '

Cf. hitima, hatima, and in general —

syn. isha, maliza, timiza, kamilisha.)
—
Hivi, a.dem.these, agreeing with
D 3 (P). Also commonly as adv.,
thus, in this manner, accordingly, so.
answer is given, usually the same
word or karibti, come in, good
manners forbid entry. (Prob. a word
—
introduced by Arabs from Muscat,
meaning safety, well-being,' and so
'

Sasa hivi, at this very moment, im- equivalent to wokovu,salamu. Hence

mediately, on the spot. Leo hivi, as an interrogative, Is all well? all
 HOFTJ 101 HONGO
well? and the answer, 'all well,' by -iwa. Rp. hojiana. (Ar. Cf.
the —
same word, or by karibu, which hoja, haja, and hitaji. Also syn.
see.) dadisi, uliza, ta/ula, sumbua, lemea.)
*Hofu, n. (i) fear, apprehension, *Homa, of malarial
n. fever, esp.
awe (2) cause of fear,
;
danger. or ague-fever, described as marathi
Kuwa na h., to be afraid. Fanya ya baridi, or ya baridi, or ya kitapo
(piga, ona, ingia, ingiwa, patwa na, cha baridi, i.e. the chilly or shiver-
shikwa na) h., be frightened, be ing sickness. Shikwa na homa, have
seized with fear. Sometimes also an attack of fever. Noma ya vipindi,
adj. -hofu, timid, fearful. — v. feel intermittent fever. (Ar. Cf. ki-
fear, be afraid of. Ps. hofizva. dingapopo, dengue fever, mktmguru.)
Nt. hofika. Ap. hojia, fear for Honga, v. make a payment, not
(about, in, &c). Cs.
kof-isha, as of debt, but to secure an end,
-ishwa, terrify, frighten. (Ar. hence bribe, pay toll, pay one's
Cf. afa, mwafa, and common syn. B. way, pay a footing. Mhonge ndio
ogopa, oga, kitisho, uchaji, -cha.) mpate kujenga, give him a present,
*Hogo, n. (?na-), a very large root and so get leave to build. Ap.
of cassava. See Muhogo. hongea, pay for, secure an end,
*Hohehahe,n. a solitary, destitute, advance a stage, get past a crisis,
outcast person or state. Cf. such be acquitted, get cleared of a charge.
phrases as maskini (fukara) hohe Thus fig. of a woman after childbirth.
hake, utterly poor and destitute. Leo nimehongea (or, hongeld), I was
Ni hohe hahe tu, he is quite forlorn. delivered to-day. Also of a stage of
*Hoho. Pilipili hoho, red pepper, recovery after circumcision. Cs.
as dist. from pilipili manga, black hong-eza, -ezzva, (1) caxise to pay
pepper. Mkatewa h., a cake flavoured toll, blackmail ; (2) cause (help,
with pepper. allow) to advance a stage, or, to se-
*Hoja,n.alsoHuja, (1) want, need, cure an end, e. g. procure acquittal.
necessity (2) what is urgent or
;
Kiapo kinihongeze, may the ordeal
pressing, business, concern; (3) ur- be favourable to me, let me escape.
gent request, argument, logical de- Also of congratulations after some
monstration. Kwa h. ya, on account event or crisis, e. g. after a journey,
of, for the sake of. Kwa h. yangu, childbirth, &c. Mtu akisajiri akirudi,
at my need, at my earnest request, huja watu kumhongeza, when a man
also, on my account, for my sake. returns from a journey, people come
Hakuna h., there is no objection. to congratulate him. Akamhongeza
Jambo hili Una h. nyingi, this is a mtoto wake kuzaa, he congratulated
very troublesome affair. H. ya his daughter on her safe delivery.
ngnvii, a powerful argument. Hatta (Cf. hongo. These words seem little
tuishe h. hii mind nawe, let us even used in Z., being appropriate to
wind up this matter together, you mainland usages and ideas. For
and I. (Ar. Cf. haja, and follg. bribing cf. rushwa, m/ungula, kijiri,
Also hitaji.) upenyezi, and for congratulation
*Hoji, v. and Huji, give trouble salimu, pukusa, -pa mkono, tunza,
to, apply pressure to, urge, annoy, jichua.)
cross - question, examine, petition, Hongo, n? toll, tribute, black-
ply with arguments. Sometimes mail, — used
of customary presents
Rd. hojihoji. Amemhoji hatta mtu given to native chiefs for leave to
kusema neno alilo nalo, he kept on pass through the country. (Cf.
asking, till the man said what he honga, and for presents generally
knew. Ps. hojiwa. Ap. hoj-ia, bakshishi.)
 —
HORI 102 HUKO
*Hori, n. (i) creek, inlet, gulf, *Hudumu, v. serve, wait (on),
arm of the sea. (Ar. Cf. gubba.) attend (on). Mmhudumti kwa
(2) (ma-), a kind of canoe, with uzuri, see that you wait on him
raised stem and stern, usually from properly. Ps. hudnmiwa. Nt.
India, and employed on the creek hudumika. Ap. hudum-ia, -itva,
at Z. serve, be in attendance upon, serve
*Horji, n. a thickly padded quilt,&c). Cs. hudum-
for (at, with,
used as a saddle for donkeys. (Ar.
-ishwa. (Ar. Cf. huduma,
isha,
Cf. seruji.) mhadimu, tihadimu, and syn. tn-
*Hotuba, n. See Hutuba. mikia, ngojea, andikia^)
Hu, verb-form, you are not, Huenda, used as adv., sometimes
Negat. Pfx. combined with Pfx. of Hwenda, it happens, sometimes,
2 Pers. Sing, i.e. ha-ti, e.g. hu at times, and so ' possibly, perhaps,
mrefu, you are not tall. (Cf. it may be, there is a chance.' (Enda
ha-, ti.) with pfx. hu- of customary or re-
Hu-, (1) verbal pfx. denoting cus- peated action. Cf. syn. hwenda,
tomary or repeated action, without huwa, labuda, yamkini.)
distinction of tense, person, or num- *Hui, v. become alive, revive, rise
ber. Huenda, my (your, his, her, from the dead. Ps. huiwa. Nt.
its, our, their) custom (habit, prac- huika. A?nehtiiwa na Muungu,
tice, usual plan) is (was, has been, naye amehuika, he was restored to
will be, &c.) to go. In narrative life by God, so he revived. Cs.
often followed by -ha-, hufikia pale hui-sha, -shwa, restore to life, re-
uwanjani akalala, he would arrive suscitate, save, keep alive. Hid is
in the courtyard and go to sleep. also used in this act. sense. (Ar.
Sometimes cynically, vita huj'a, wars Cf. hai, and fufua, amka, ishi.)
will happen. (2) Negat. Pfx. of *Huja, Huji. See Hoja, Hoji.
2 Pers. Sing., e.g. huendi, you do (But dist. huja, and huji, as parts of
not go. (3) A
formative element in the verb -ja, come. See Hu-.)
several pronominal advs. and adjs. Hujambo, v. are you well ? you
See Huku. are well. The commonest form of
Hua, n. a dove. (Cf. pugi, salutation in Z. Often jambo only.
ninga, njiwa.) See Jambo.
*Hubba, n. affection, desire. See Huko, adv. dem. of general refer-
Habba. (Ar.) ence, in that case referred to, with
*Hubiri, give information (to,
v. those circumstances in view, in con-
about), inform, bringnews(to, about), nexion with that environment, but
announce, report, relate. Roho yake commonly of place and time, ' from
ikai7ihnbiri kuwa ndiye nunda, his (to, at, in, &c.) that place (or, time),
heart told him that was the wild there, thither, thence, then, &c.' H.
beast. H. anjili, preach the Gospel. na h. } hither and thither, here and
Ps. hubiriwa. Ap. hubir-ia, -iwa.
Cs. hubir-isha, -ishwa. —
there. H ttendako, where you are
n. going to, your destination. H. tito-
(ma-), that which is related, report, kako, where you come from, your
announcement, &c. (Ar. Cf. starting-point. H. nyuma, (1) yon-
habari, cf. syn. arifu, sumulia, der in the rear ; (2) meanwhile.
eleza.) Kuko huko, just yonder, just there,
*Huduma, n. also Hudumu, under those precise circumstances.
Hidima, service, attendance, wait- Huko is also used to suggest the
ing on a person, ministration. (Ar. world beyond, the other world, the
Cf. follg.) world of spirits. (Huko includes
 —
HUKU 103 HURU
three formative elements, hu, ku, him. So of other verdicts, apigwe,
and -o, forwhich see Huku, and -o. afungwe, alipe, auzwc, &c, or ku-
For similar adv. with meanings often pigwa, &c. Ps. hukumiwa. Ap.
hardly distinguishable cf. humo, hukum-ia, -iwa, give judgement, &c.
hapo, kule, pale.) —
verb-form, on (for, at, &c). Cs. hukum-iza,
—
you are not there, Negat. Pfx. of -izwa. —
n. judgement, (1) (in
2 Pers. Sing., with- -ko (see Huko, general), jurisdiction, authority, su-
with which it is sometimes used, preme power ; ( 2) legal process,
e. g. huko huko, you are not there). trial ; (3) sentence, verdict, decision,
—
Huku, (i) adj. dem. this, agreeing order. Mzvenyi hukumu, the
with D8, e. g. kufa huku kuzuri, supreme ruler, sovereign. Peleka
this (mode of) dying is admirable, or hukumuni, send for trial, cause to
with a locative form in -ni, from, to, be tried in a law court, or before
e. g. nyumbani huku, to (from) this a chief. Anasikia hukumu yako, he
house. (2) adv. usually of place, obeys your order. Hukumuya kufa,
here, near, in this place, but also of capital sentence. (Ar. Cf. hakimu,
environment generally. H. kuzuri, hekima, also syn. amua, and for
it is pleasant here (in our present ruling, tawala, amuru.)
circumstances). H. na h., this way *Huluku, v. create, usually of
and that, hither and thither. Kuku original creation, by act of God.
huku, just here. (Hu- is a demon- Ps. hulukiwa, be created, be a crea-
strative prefix, in huyu, huu, huku, ture (created being). Ap. huhtk-ia,
humu, and the corresponding forms -iwa. (Ar. Cf. mhuluku, and
ending in -0, agreeing with D 1 (S), syn. B. timba.)
D 2 (S), D 8, and locat. in -ni, — Humo, (1) adv. dem. of reference to
the h alorte being the characteristic an interior, in that place (referred to),
demonstrative element throughout, inside yonder, in there. H. mwetu,
as / is of other demonstratives. See in our house yonder. Mumo h., just

also Ku.) in there, in that very place. (2) verb-

Huku-, at the beginning of a verb- form, you are not in (there). See
form may be (1) hu of customary Huko, and Hu-, Mo-, &c.
action with ku, Pfx. of 2 Pers. Sing, Humu, (1) adj. dem. this, —agree-
objective, e.g. hukupenda, there is ing with locative forms in -ni, e. g.
a general liking for you ; (2) hu the nyumbani humu, in this house. (2)
Negat. Pfx. of 2 Pers. Sing, with ku adv. dem. in this place, inside here.
of general reference, e. g. hukupendi, Mumu h., just in here, in this very
you do 'not like the place (circum- place. See Huku, and Mu-.
stances); (3) hu, Negat. Pfx. as in Huna, verb-form, you have not,
(2), with ku, sign of Negat. Past Negat. Pfx. of 2 Pers. Sing., and na
Tense, e. g. hukupenda, you did not (which see).
like. *Hundi, cheque, money
n. draft,
*Hukumu, v.give an official (or, order, bill of exchange. (Hind. Cf.
authoritative) pronouncement (on), hawala.)
judge, decide, pass sentence (on), Huo, a. dem. of reference, that
exercise authority (over), be ruler. there, that yonder, that referred to,
Regularly used of the characteristic agreeing with*D 2 (S), D 4 (S). See
action of a supreme power, or judge, H-, Huko, and -o.
and hence of other formal decisions, *Huru, n. {ma-), and a. (also
orders, &c. Alimhukumu auawe, -huru), a freedman, a freeman, free,
he ordered him to be put to death, not a slave, free born, emancipated.
he passed sentence of death upon Acha (weka, andika), huru, set free,
 ';

HUBUMA 104 HUWA

emancipate. (Ar. Cf. uhuru, fully. Kumhusudu viali yake, to
and syn. mngwana, contr. mtumwa. grudge him his money. Ps. husu-
Htirti in card-playing means dia- diwa. Ap. husud-ia, -iana. Cs.
monds, Str.) husud-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf.
*Huruma, n. (i) sympathy, con- hasidi, and syn. B. uwivu, kzjicho.)
sideration, fellow-feeling, kindliness *Husumu, v. strive, contend.
(2) mercy, pity, compassion. Mw- (Arab. Cf. hasimu, for common
enyi compassionate, sympathetic,
h., shindana, teta, &c.)
kind. Kuwa na h., to be kind *Husuni, n. fortress, fort, castle.
(merciful, &c). Fattya h., ona h., (Arab, for common ngome, gereza,
ingia (or, ingiwd) h., have kindly boma. Dist. huzuni.)
feeling. (Cf. follg. and syn. re- *Husuru, v. reduce to straits,
hema, of which huruma is perh. a oppress, besiege. (Arab, for com-
form, by a common Swahili trans- mon onea, and for besieging cf.
position of Arab, consonants. See funga, zunguka, mazingiwa.)
Rehema.) *Huthuria, v. Ap. be present (at),
*Hurumia, v. Ap. pity, have pity be placed ready (for), attend a meet-
(compassion, sympathy) for, have ing, form an audience. Enyi watu
mercy on. Ps. hurumiwa. (Ar. waliohuthuria, opening words of a
Cf.huruma, and syn. rehemu!) speech, address to an audience, All
*Husu, v. (1) give a share (to), you who are present. Mahali pale
assign as a person's share (right, due, pakihuthuria chakula, that place is
privilege, &c). Esp. in Ap. husia, prepared for food. (Ar. Cf. syn.
e.g. alimhusia kadiri yake, he as- B. -wapo, e.g. enyi watu mliopo
signed him his proper portion. (2) hapa.)
Be assigned as share, be closely *Huth.urungi, n. a yellowish-
(specially, exclusively) concerned brown calico, usually made in
with, be the privilege (right, mono- Arabia, —a favourite material for
poly, peculiar property, quality) of, men's dress {kanzti) in Z. (Ar.)
belong to, be limited to, refer only *Hutuba, n. reading of the Coran,
to, concern, be specially connected preaching in a mosque, sermon,
with, be confined to. Adayetu aliyo- Funga h., lit. arrange a reading (or,
tuhusu, the fee which is our special service), and so of a betrothal or
privilege, which specially belongs to marriage service. (Ar. Cf. follg.
us. Maneno yasiyomhusu, state- and hatibu.)
ments which do not apply to him. *Hutubu, v. read the Coran pub-
Nduguye aliyemkusu, his nearest re- licly, preach, give an address. Ap.
lative. Neno lililohusu bwana zao, hutub-ia, -iwa, preach to (about, in,
a peculiar privilege of their masters. for, &c). (Ar. Cf. prec.)
Often used also in the Nt. husika Huu, a. dem. this agreeing with —
in this sense. Ni mhalifu kwa neno D 2 (S), D 4 (S). (Cf. h-, huko, and
lililohusika, he is rebellious as re- huyu.) Sometimes redupl. huu hutt,
gards a special duty. Jina la ' m- this very one, this same.
wenyitkambi limehusika kwa Mwe-
'
Huule, a. dem. of emphasis, ' that,
nyezi Mngu tu, the word ' sinner that very,' for huu ule. (Cf. prec.
implies special reference to Almighty and huyule.)
God. Neno hili lahusika na watu Huwa, verb-form, it is (was, will
hawa tu, this word applies only to be) customary, i.e. hu of customary
these persons. (Ar. Cf. Aha.) action, and -wa, v. be. Commonly
*Husudu, v. also Hasidi, envy, used as adv. (1) regularly, commonly,
grudge, be jealous (of), treat spite- e. g. killa siku huwa wanakwenda,
 !

HUYO 105 IBA

every day as a rule they go (2) per- ;
Thus the pfx. of the 1 Pers. Sing, is
haps, it may be, possibly, sometimes. either n- or ni-, e. g. ninapenda or
(Cf. syn. labuda, huenda, kwenda.) nnapenda, nitalala or titalala. The
Huyo, a. dem. of reference, that tendency is decidedly commoner in
there, that yonder, that referred to, Z. than in the Coast Swahili, e. g.
— agreeingwith D 1 (S). Huyo I huyo ingia not ngia, ingine not ngine,
there he is! That is he in a hue ! — inchi not nchi, wingi not ungi, inzi
and cry after a thief, or chase after not nzi.
animals. (Cf. huyu, and -0.) Hence words not found under /
Huyu, a. dem. this, — agreeing with may be looked for under E, or Y,
D 1 (S). (It includes the character- or N.
with the variable vowel
istic letter h, The numeral nne, four, is a dis-
u, and yu. See H
and Yu.) Also in syllable beginning with a faint i
the emphatic form huyule, for huyu sound, represented by a double n,
yule, that very, that. See Yule. and not wholly lost in the adjectival
*Huzuni, n. grief, sorrow, distress, forms of the numeral. / has been
mourning, calamity, disaster. -e- used as the initial of imbu, mosquito,
nyi huzuni, sorrowful, depressed, because in this word m does not seem
downcast. So -a huzuni. Kuwa to keep its usual affinity for a u
na h., to be sad, to be sorrowful. sound.
Fanya (ona, ingia, shikwa na, &c.) The a in certain pfxs., chiefly wo.-,
h„ feel sorrow, be distressed, &c. ma-, and ha-, when followed by an i,
(Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. hamu, ma- as a rule coalesces with it to form an
jonsi, sikitiko, msiba, and for formal e sound, e. g. ivaivi becomes wevi,
mourning, mata?iga, maombolezo.) maino meno, akaingia akengia (but
*Huzunia, v. Ap. grieve at (for, not in pa-, ha-, -ta, -na, -nga, &c).
about, in, &c). Ps. huzuniwa, Final i always takes the place of
be grieved, be caused grief. Nt. final a of a verb in the Pres. Indie.
huzunika. Cs. htiziin-isha, -ishwa. Negat.
(Ar. Cf. prec. and syn. sikitikia, I, verb-form, is, are,— agreeing with
lilia.) D 2 (P), and D 6 (S).
I- is a Pers. Pfx., subjective and ob-
I.
jective, of verbs, agreeing with D 2 (P),
and D 6 (S). This pfx. is also often
I represents the sound of e in be, used for general reference, and supply-
and also that of i in in, i.e. of both ing an impersonal form of the verb,
vowels in begin. e. g. haifai, it is no good, nonsense.

It is often difficult, esp. in un- Imekuisha, all is over.

accented syllables, to decide whether I- (or E-) before the final a of a
e or i best represents the sound heard, verb forms the characteristic of the
esp. in words of Arabic origin, in so-called applied verb-stems, and
which they are not distinguished, e. g. gives the simple root-meaning of the
elimu or ilimu, ela or ila, -enye or verb a very varied range of applica-
enyi, ekirahi or ikirahi, settini or tions usually expressed in English by
sittini, &c. different prepositions following.
An i sound before a vowel is gener- Iba, v. steal, thieve, embezzle,
ally consonantal, heard and written kidnap, purloin, filch, &c. {Kiviba
n%y. is used as the root-form in some
I best represents the vowel sound tenses. See Isha.) Ps. ibiva, and
of n, where there is a tendency to ibiwa, be stolen. Nt. ibika, be stolen,
pronounce n as a distinct syllable. be capable of being stolen. Ap.
 — — )

IBADA 106 IMAMU

ibia, steal from, rob, e. g. amemwibia Ikiza, v. Cs. lay across, set in
mali yake, he has stolen his money position (from side to side), spread
from him, ibiwa, be stolen, be stolen over. /. nyumba boriti, set up the
from, lose by theft. Thus tumeibiwa poles (or rafters) in a house, to carry
may mean we have been kidnapped,'
' a concrete floor or roof. Also i.
or, we have been robbed.' Ibiana,
' mawe, i. dart, of same operation.
steal from each other. Cs. ib-isha, Also used of cookery, ikiza na sukari,
-ishwa, e. g. cause to steal, incite to spread with sugar, and ktiku ya
theft. (Cf. utzij mwizi, mwibaji, kuikiza.
and syn. nyanganya.) Iko, verb-form, it is (they are)
*Ibada, n. (i) worship, divine there, —
Pfx. agreeing with 2 (P), D
service. Ameachahe has left off
i., D 6 (S), and locative -ko (which
attending the mosque. I.ya sanamu, see).
idolatrous worship. (2) Practical *Ila, n. defect, blemish, drawback,
religion, a religious life, religious disgrace, stain, blot. Mtu mzuri
practices. Mtu wa i., a devout man. lakini ana ila, a good man but he
Iblisi akamharibia i. yake, the devil has his faults. Also for conj. ilia,
corrupted his religion. (Ar. Cf. which see. (Ar. Cf. syn. kipu-
abudu, maabudu, and syn. dini, nguo, hitilafu, kosa, waa. Dist.
utawa, usujii.) hiIa.)
*Iblisi, n. the devil, Satan. (Arab. lie, a. dem. that, those, — agreeing
for usual shetani.) with D 2 (P), D
6 (S). (See I and
*Idadi, n. reckoning, counting, Yule. Dist. He as 3 S. Subj. from
number, computation. Billa i., with- la, eat.)
out number, numberless. Desturi za *Iliki, n. cardamom.
adabu nyingi, hazina i., rules of eti- *Illa, conj. also Ela, Ila, except,
quette are numerous, in fact past count- unless, but. Hana ilia mke m?noja,
ing. (Ar. Cf. syn. kesabu, hasibu.) he has but one wife. Havai kilemba
*Idi, Idili. See Ada, Adili. iliaamekwetida Makha, he does not
Ifu-ifu, a. ash-coloured, grey. wear a turban, unless he has been to
See Jifu, Kijifu. Mecca. (Ar. Cf. illakini.)
Iga, v. (1) imitate, copy, but com- *Illakini, conj. but, nevertheless,
monly (2) in the sense, ape, mock, notwithstanding. (Ar. Cf. ilia,
counterfeit, mimic, caricature. /. and lakini.)
inaneno ya kiswahili, try to talk *Illi, conj. in order that, that.
Swahili. /. kwa maneno, use mock- Used with Subj. and Infin. Moods,
ing expressions to. Hodari wa kuiga, e. g. amekwenda mjini illi kutiunua
a clever mimic. Ps. ipwa. Nt. (or, anunue) chakula, he has gone
igika. Ap. ig-ia, -iwa. Cs. to town to buy food. (Ar. Cf.
ig-iza, -izwa, and Intens. of copying ktisudi.)
with effort, trying to imitate. (Cf. *Ilmu, n. See Elimu, knowledge,
mwigo, mwigaji, thihaka, and syn. learning, &c. (Ar.)
fuata,fuasa.) *Ima, conj. See Ama.
*Intaji, Ihtiari, Ihtilafu, Ihti- Ima, v. be erect, straight, &c.
mu. See under Hitaji, &c. — a. B. verb, rare in Z. (Cf. simama,
*Ijara, n. pay, hire, salary, wages, simika, mwima, mwimo, ima-ima.)
rent. Mtu wa i., a hired servant, Ima-ima, a. and adv., upright,
not a slave. (Ar. Cf. ujira, ajiri, erect, steep, perpendicular. (Cf.
and mshahara, and rent, kodi.)
syn. prec.
*Ikirihi, n. also Ekerahi. See *Imamu, n. the minister of a
Kirihi. Mahommedan mosque, who conducts
 —
IMANI 107 INGIA
the prayers and gives an address form of a root ina, cf. inika, inna,
on Fridays. (Ar. Cf. muathini, and cf. syn. shusha, tua.)
mwalimu, kathi.) Inchi, n. (1) country, district, land,
*Imani, n. (i) faith, trust, confi- region. /. yetu, inchi ya kwetn, our
dence, trustworthiness, uprightness. country, fatherland. /. za barra, the
Maskini hana i., a poor man cannot regions of the continent. /. za Ulaya,
be relied upon. Upanga wa i., a the countries of Europe. (Cf. ulaya,
kind of double-handled sword. (2) wilaya, tcpande.) (2) Land, ground,
Religious faith, belief, object of belief, dry land, i. e. i. kavu, as opp. to the
creed. Imani kwa Muungn, faith sea, bahari. Piga kalika i. (or
towards God. (Ar. Cf. amini, chini), throw to the ground, dash
amani, amana, &c, and for creed, down. Chini ya i., ndani ya i.,

shahada.) underground. /. sawa, level country,

*Imara, n. firmness, compactness, a plain. (Cf. barra.) (3) The earth,
hardness, strength, stability, solidity, the inhabited world. Pcmbe za i.,
— material and moral. Ukata huu the comers of the earth, i. e. remotest
hauna i., this wall is not strong. parts of the world. (Cf. dunia,
Mtn wa *., a resolute, brave, si/ong- tilimwengu.) (Cf. chini. Never of
willed man. —
a. firm, strong, hard, the actual substance or materials of
unbreakable, solid, courageous, brave. the ground, i.e. soil, earth, which is
(Cf. follg. and syn. -gumn, thabiti, udongo. Cf. arthi. Obs. inchi is
hodari.) sometimes heard for English 'inch,'
*Imarika, v. Nt., be strong, be as/uti for a foot,' by measure.)
'

firm, be solid, &c. Cs. imar-isha, Inda, Inga. See Winda.

-ishwa. See prec. *Ingereza, n. and a., also Ingreza,
Imba, v. sing, sing of. Ps. Ingrezi, -ngereza, an Englishman,
imbwa. Nt. i?nbika. Ap. itnb-ia, England, English. Mfalme I., the
-iwa, -iana. Cs. imb-isha, -ishwa, king of England. Barozi /., the
cause to sing, instruct in singing, British Consul. Ulaya Ingereza,
lead in singing, strike up a song. Uingeza, Ingreza, England. Wa-
(Cf. uimbo, ui?nbaji, &c.) ngereza, the English. Kiingereza, the
Imbu, n. a mosquito. (Also English language. Unaweza kusema
written mbn, but in this word m kiingereza ? Can you speak English ?
does not appear to have its usual -ingi, a. sometimes -ngi {iiyingi
affinity for a u sound, though sounded with D 4 (P), D
6 (P), chingi with
as a distinct syllable.) D
D 3 (S), jingi with 5 (S), wengi
Ina, verb-form, it has, they have, with D 1 (P), pengi with D 7)),
Pfx. agreeing with D
2 (P), 6 (S), D many, much, large (in quantity),
and na, which see. plentiful,abundant. Of persons, -ingi
Inama, v. stoop, bend down, let is used with wa, i.e. bountiful in

down, lower, bow, slope, decline, respect of, giving (having, enjoying)
sink, depress. Used Neut. and Act. in abundance. Mwingi wa baraka,
Ukuta hint umeinama, this wall has giving many blessings. (Cf. wingi,
sunk, or, slopes downwards. Inama and syn. tele, marithawa.)
kichwa, bow the head. Mji wote Ingia, v. sometimes Ngia, (1) go
umcjiinama, the whole city is de- in (to), come rn (to), enter, get in,
pressed. Ap. hia?n-ia, -iwa, bow fall in ;
in, take part in,
(2) share
to, incline towards, be directed to, engage in ; (3) penetrate, pass into
depend on. Ayi/mba hit imeiii- (a condition, state, &c.) ; (4) be im-
inamia, this whole house rests on ported. E. g. i. nyn?nbani (or ny-
me. Cs. ina??i-isha -ishwa. (St. i
timba, or katika nyumba), go into

•INGINE
a house. /. chomboni, go on board
a vessel, embark (also panda cho-
mboni). I. safarini, join an expedi-
tion, or, start on a journey. 7. baridi,
become cold. I. kutu, get rusty.
Esp. common of the feelings, e.g.
i. hofit, be affected by fear, feel fear,
be alarmed, and so with kiburi, fu-
— —
108 IPTTA
fig. of inmost seat of feelings, like moyo,
e. g. maneno yale yalimkata maini,
those words cut him to the heart.
Inika, v. (1) give a downward
direction to, lay over on one side,
give a cant (tilt, downward bend or
turn) to, let hang down, turn down
at the edge, &c. (2) fig. humble,
;

raha, hasira, hazuni, uchungu, &c. bring low, depress. I. chombo, ca-
The passive construction is common reen a vessel (for repairs). Usiuinike
in same sense, ingiwa na, or ingiwa. mzigo, do not let your load hang
Ps. ingiwa. Nt. ingika. Ap. down. I. h'chwa,Jiinika, hang down
ing-ilia, -iliwa, -ilika, -iliza, ~iliztua, the head (in grief or shame). Also
-iana, -ilizana, esp. of entry with jiinika, make a bow, bow oneself
a purpose, e. g. go in for, pry into, gracefully. I. mii, bend down a tree
&c. Alimwingilia mwanamke, he (to get at the fruit). Nani awezaye
went in to see the woman, hence — kumwinika mfalme? Who can hu-
live with, cohabit with. Ingiliza miliate a king ? Ps. inikwa. Ap.
kazini, introduce to work, instal in inik-ia, -iwa. Cs. inik-isha, -ish-
office. Waingiliani maneno haya? wa, -iza, e.g. mwalinm ameinikiza
What are you prying into these matters watu kwa kusali, the minister taught
for? Cs. ing-iza, -izwa, -is ha, the congregation to bow down at
-ishzva, —
the latter forms being usu. prayers. (Cf. inama, inua, and
intensive, i. e. ingiza, of causing, syn. laza, laza upande.)
allowing, procuring entry, ingisha, *Inshallah, adv. Used as the
of special effort or force in entry. commonest and most trivial form of
Vitu viingizwavyo, imports. Hence assent, '
oh yes, certainly, of course.'
ingizana. Rp. ingiaita. (Cf. (Ar. = if God wills, God willing.
enda ndani, ndani, penya.)
-j'a See Allah. Cf. syn. vema, naam,
-ingine, a. (but with some pfxs. ndio.)
commonly -ngine. Thus with I D Inua, v. (1) set up, raise up, build
(S), D 2 (S), D 4 (S) mwingine or up, pile up, lift up, raise, hoist (2) ;

mngine, with D I (P) wangine, with fig. inspirit, cheer, restore, cure, set
D 4 (P), D
6 ny ingine or ngine or up. I. mzigo, raise a load (cf.
zingine, with D
5 (S) jingine or twikd). I. mtoto, lift up a child. I.
lingine, with 5 (P) D
mangine, with macho, raise the eyes. I. mgonjwa,
D 7 pangine, with D
8 kwingine), restore an invalid. Ps. inuliwa.
other, another, different, some, a Nt. imika, e.g. inchi yote imeinuka,
second. Wangine wangine, some— the whole country is elevated, is a
some, some — -ingine-ingine, table-land.
others, Ap. inu-lia, -liwa.
of different kinds, assorted, miscel- Cs. inu-liza, -/izwa, e. g. inuliza
laneous, of all sorts. Vingine, as mzigo, help a man up with his load.
adv. variously, in another way. Vi- (Cf. inama, inika, and syn. pandisha,
ngine-vingine, in different ways (de- kweza.)
grees, classes, sorts), in all sorts of Inzi, n. (ma-), a fly, in general, —
ways. Vinginevyo, in some other the common house-fly.
way, in any other way, and so with Ipi, a. interr. which ? what ?
relative affixed to other forms, e. g. agreeing with 2 (P), D
6 (S). See D
mtu mwingineo, some other person, -pi. Also generally, hama ipi? of
any one else. what sort? how? (Cf. -pi, wapi.)
Ini, n. (ma-) , the liver. Sometimes Ipua, v. same as Epua, which
 IRABU 109 ISTISKA
see. But form seems in some
this last, extreme, worst. Ps. ishwa.
degree specialized, as meaning take '
Nt. Nimeishwa na fetha,
ishika.
off the fire' (a cooking pot, &c). my money has come to an end. Hai-
Cf. tweka and tivika. ishiki, it cannot be completed. Ap.
*Irabu, n. a vowel sign in writing ish-ia, -iwa. Mke wangu ameni-
Arabic. (Arab.) ishia mali, my wife has used up my
*Iriba, n. usury, money-lending. money. Nimeishiwa wall, my dish
See Riba. (Ar.) of rice has come to an end. Ngoje
*Iriwa, n. also Chiriwa, Jiriwa, niktiishie maneno, wait till I finish
a (screw) vice. my message to you. Also a further
*Isa, n. a proper name, not un- Ap. form ish-ilia, -iliwa, -iliza,
common in Z. Also the only name -ilizwa,marking completion for some
for Jesus Christ known to Mahom- special purpose or of a particular
—
medans, often with the addition bin kind. Wakaishiliza mwezi, they
Maryamu. waited for the month to come to an
Isha, v. end, come to an end, end. So of mwaka, kazi, maneno,
bring to an end, make an end of, when there is a particular object in
finish, close, complete. (The .nfini- view. (Cf. ingilia, toshelea,pigilia,
tive form kwisha is frequently used &c.) Cs. ishiza, ishisha (seldom
after some tense pfxs. of the indie, heard). (Cf. mzoisho, and syn.
mood, esp. na, ta, me, and after the tnaliza, timiza, kamilisha, komesha.
relative in a verb-form, e. g. ame- Dist. ishi, in some forms identical,
kwisha, alipokwisha. On the other e.g. haishi.)
hand, the initial i of the root often *Isha, n. See Esha.
coalesces with preceding a in other *Ishara, n. sign, token, signal,
pfxs. and forms the usual e sound, mark, omen, indication, warning,
e. g. wakes ha for wakaisha, they hint, crucial case, remarkable fact,
finished, and with a preceding i is a wonder. Tumeona i. mwaka hint,
often hardly heard, as in pumzi we have seen a wonderful thing this
limenisha, my breath has come to year. Tia i., put a mark on. Toa i.,
an end, and akisha, upon his finish- make a signal. (Ar. Cf. ashiria,
ing. It is preserved, however, after and syn. dalili, alama.)
li, e.g. aliisha, not alisha. For *Ishi, v. last, endure, continue,
similar use of the infin. form cf. ita, live, remain. Aishi milele, may he
ivd, iba, oga, uza.) Maneno yame- live for ever. Mti hun hauishi sana,
kwisha, the debate has come to an this wood does not last long. (Ar.
end. Akala akesha akaenda zake, he Cf. aushi, ??iaisha.)
ate and when he had done he went Isivy o, verb-form, used as a general
away. Akapigana nao akawaisha, Negat. Conj., as (in a way that) is
he fought with them and killed them not, —
corresponding to adverbial use
all. Kwisha kazi, to finish a job. of forms in vi, vyo {hivi, vile, vivyo,
Isha is constantly used as a semi- &c).
auxiliary of time, expressing com- *Islamu, n. (i) (wa- and ma-~), a
pletion more emphatically than the Mahommedan ; (2) the Mahomme-
tense pfx. me. Thus used it is com- dan religion, Islam. Kiislamu, (of
monly followed by the root-form of the) Mahommedan (kind). (Cf.
the principal verb, without the Infini- Mwaslimu, Mwislamu, Msilimu,
tive pfx. kit. Amekwisha fanya, he also salamu, salimtt, &c.) Also
has already done it, he has com- -islamu, a. Mahommedan.
pleted Alipokwisha kuja, when
it. *Istiska, n. dropsy. (Ar. Cf.
he had actually arrived, -a kwisha. syn. safura.)
 ITA 110 JA
Ita, v. call, call to, summon, invite, prepared. Embe zinaiva, the man-
name. (For use of kwita &c. in goes are ripening. Nyama imeiva y
some forms see notes on Isha.) the meat is cooked. Ap. ivia.
Amekwenda kumwita, he has gone Cs. iv-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. -bivzt,
to call him. Ps. itwa. Unakwit- -pevu, and tayari.)
wa, you are summoned, somebody -ivu, af also -wivu, jealous, en-
wants you. Amekwenda kwitwa, vious. (Cf. muivu, and hasidi.
some one has gone to call him. N. -ivu sometimes for -bivu, ripe,
Nt. itika, be called, obey a summons, and dist. ifu-ifu.)
answer to a call, respond, acknow- Iwapo, verb-form, when (where)
ledge a salute, reply. Alikwitwa it is, when (where) they are, Pfx. i- —
akaitika, he was called, and replied. agreeing with D 6 (S) and D 2 (P),
Ayote mwaitika Vuga, you all ac- -wa, from the verb ktewa, and rela-
cept the supremacy of Vuga. Itika tive -po, of place, time, or condition
rathi, give a favourable reply, assent. generally. Used as a conj. when, if,
Hence itik-ia, -iwa, answer for, in case, supposing, even if, although.
reply to, correspond to, and in music Iwapo tina akili, ukae, if you have
accompany, follow the lead of, chime sense, wait. See -wa, v., and po.
in, and fig. correspond to, harmonize Izara, n. slander, disparagement,
with, suit, agree with. Itikiza, backbiting. (Ar. Cf. aziri, for
cause to reply, teach harmony to, common masingizio, &c.)
also Tntens., assent to, give a reply.
Itikizana, reply to each other, all J.
shout together in response, acclaim, J represents (1) in words of Arabic
correspond, harmonize, sing (play) origin the same sound as j in jar.
in harmony. Ap. it-ia, -iwa, call As in different Arabic dialects, J and
to, summon for (by, in, &c). Aka- G are sometimes interchanged (cf.
taaye kuitwa, hukataa aitiwalo, he ginsi, jinsi). (2) In words of Bantu
who rejects a call, rejects what he is origin, a very similar sound in Zan-
called for. Cs. it-isha, -ishwa zibar,which elsewhere may be better
(seldom used). Rp. itana. (Cf. represented by dy (cf. ch for ty, and
mwito, and syn. alika. Also taja, t Mombasa), and is used for d, y,
at
name, mention by name.) and z, in some words common in
*Ita, v. cast in a mould (Str.). neighbouring dialects, and so par-
(? Wita. Cf. Ar. subti, and kiwita.) tially current in Zanzibar.
*Italassi, n. satin. (Arab.) The soundof_/is often practically
*Ithirti, v. sanction, allow, au- indistinguishable from that of Ch.
thorize, assent to.
Nt. ithinika.
Ps. ithiniwa.
Ap. itkin-ia, -iwa.
Hence words not found under
may be looked for under Ch, or G.
J
Cs. ithin-isha, -ishwa. —
n. sanc- J-, for ji-, in nouns and adjectives,
tion, permission, authorization, leave. before roots beginning with a vowel.
Akataka i. ya hupanda juu, he asked See Ji-.
for leave to go upstairs. Toa i., Ja, v. (1) come; (2) of events,
sanction, authorize. (Ar. Cf. happen, turn out, result. As in other
syn. ruhttsu, ruksa, kubali, rithia, monosyllabic verb-roots the Infini-
sahihisha.) tive form kuja is used as the root
Iva, v. also Wiva, (i) become form in some tenses (see Ku-), and
mature, become cooked
ripe, get ripe, yu is commonly prefixed to 3 Pers.
(done, fit to eat), come to a head; Sing, of Pres. Indie, i. e. yuaja for
(2) fig. come to a point, be ready aja. The Imperative in this verb
for action (or, execution), be fully only is irregular, viz. njoo, njooni,
 JA 111 JAA
for 2 Pers. Sing,and Plur. Alikuja Also there is a semi-auxiliary use of
nyumbani, he came to the house. -sija, -sije, e.g. wasije kuthurika,
Naja kwako na bania hii, I approach lest they come to be hurt. Asije
you with this letter. Umekuja ku- kuja mtu mwingine akatuthurti lest ,

shtakiwa, some one has come to accuse another man chance to come and hurt
you. Atakuja kiaiawa, he will come us. (c) In the tense of Possible '

to be killed, he will some day be Condition (Str.),i. e. with the relative

'

killed. A p. jia jiwa

, ,
jika, jiana, -po, of time, place, or condition, e. g.
come to (for, about, at, in, &c). nijapolala, siwezi kugeitka, even if I
Manejto tuliyojia kwako ni kayo, lie down, I cannot turn over. Wa-
that the errand on which we came japo kuja, even if they come. Wajapo
is
to you. Siku uliyojia, the day on hawaji, though they do not come.
which you came. Mgeni amenijia And n. ijapo, and even japo, used as
leo, a visitor has come to me to-day. conjunctions simple, even if, sup-
The passive is used by itself of re- posing that, although. (Cf. njia,
ceiving visits, e. g. nimejiwa, I have tijia,majilio, of arriving, jika, wasili,
had a visitor, I have a friend with and contr. enda, go. Ja appears to
me. Jika, be approachable be be one of the few roots occurring
.

accessible. Mji huu haujiki, this very widely in Bantu from Uganda to
town is not to be entered. Rd. Zululand, and also in Arabic?)
jiajia, and ? jajia, of repeated or Jaa, v. (i) become full (of); (2)
troublesome arrivals. Wananijiajia fill up a given space, be plentiful,
tu, they keep on bothering me with abound, swarm. Used of any vessel
visits. Also Rf.jijia, e. g. nikawa or space, and of its contents. Mtungi
kujijia zangu hatta ckini, and I just umejaa maji, the pitcher is full of
fell anyhow (helplessly) to the water. Maji yamejaa mtungini, the
bottom. See Ji-. Hence a further water fills the pitcher. Inchi imejaa
Ap. j ilia, jiliwa, jiliana, jiliza, miti, the country abounds in trees.
come to (at, for, &c.) with a special Nzige walijaa kotekote, locusts swarm-
purpose, in a special way. Cs. ed everywhere. Maji ya kujaa (ya
not in use. Ja (like isha, and too) kupwd), high (low) tide. Ys.jawa,
is occasionally used as a semi-auxiliary be filled, be full, like Act. but esp. of
followed by a verb in its root-form, what are not the natural, suitable,
e.g. amekiija twaa, he has come to usual contents. Jawa na hqfu (wa-
taking, he actually takes (or, has zimti, kiburi), be filled with fear
taken). Atakuja ua watu, he will (frenzy, conceit). Ap.ja-lia, -liwa,
come to killing people, he will posi- be full lip to, jalia hatta juu (not
tively commit murder. And it regu- usual; dist. jalia from jali). Ja-
larly furnishes the formative element liza, -lizwa, -lizia, -liziwa, fill up,
ja in three forms of the Swahili verb- cause to fill (or, be filled), make quite
system, viz. (a) in the Deferred full. Cs. jaza, jazwa, make full,
Tense, with a Negative Prefix pre- fill (the ordinary process, jali za indi-
ceding, e. g. hajaja, he has not yet cating.a step further, a more complete
come, and (b) in its Subjunctive form, (or additional) filling). (Cf. ujalifu,
e.g. asijelala, without his yet lying ztjazi.)
down. Obs. also/a for_/<? sometimes *Jaa, n. rubbish heap, dunghill,
in the latter case, e. g. asijalala for place where dust and refuse are
asijelala, asijawa for asijekuwa (cf. thrown. Mkutc ni jaa, ? a great
nge-, nga-). Also ja is traceable man is a dust heap. (Ar.)
without a negative preceding, e.g. *Jaa, n. the north, i.e. point of
ujaonapi? where have you yet seen? the compass (Arab.). (The north-
 JABALI 112 JAMBO
ward direction is in Z. Also of a single person, one of a
kaskazini,
kibla.) friend. Huyu ni j\, this
family,
*Jabali, n. {ma-), (i) a rock, hill, person is a connexion (friend) of
cliff, mountain (2) rock (as a sub- mine.
;
v. See Jamii. —
(Ar.
stance), stone (3) raised line of Cf. janiii, juma, and syn. ndugu y
;

needlework across the back in a native nikutano.)

dress, kanzu. (Ar. Cf. mwamba, *Jamala, n. courtesy, good man-
m/zma,Jtive.) ners, elegance, grace, gracious (kind,
*Jabari, Supreme Ruler, Ma-
n. obliging) behaviour. J. yako haiku-
hommedan of God.
title (Arab.) potei, you will not lose by your kind-
*Jadiliana, v. Rp. argue together, ness. (Ar. Cf. syn. adabu, ma-
reason with each other. (Ar. Cf. daha,fathili.)
syn. hujiana, bishana, semezana.) *Jamanda, n. {ma-), a round
*Jaha, n. honour, glory, prosperity. basket of plaited grass, usually with
Mtu alioshushiwaj., a man who was a cover. Used as a blinker for camels,
granted good fortune. Kilango cha hence ??iacko yangti yametiwa maje-
/., the Gate of Paradise. (Ar.) manda, kama ngamia, my eyes have
*Jahazi, n. ship, vessel, of any — got blinkers like a camel. (Cf.
description. (Ar. Cf. chombo, kijamanda, kidoto, and for baskets
merikebu.) generally kikapo.)
*Jahili, a. reckless, foolish, rash, Jamani, a. also Jaman, Jerman,
precipitate, unthinking. (Arab. German. See Dachi, which is more
Cf. mjinga.) usual.
*Jalada, n. and Jelada, (1) cover Jamba, v. break wind with noise.
of a book, binding; (2) whip. — n.{ma-), breaking wind. (Cf.
(Arab, leather. Cf. 7njeledi,jelidi.) shuta, shuzi.)
*Jali, v. give honour to, heed, *Jambia, n. Jamvia, a
also
respect, reverence. (Ar. Cf. syn. curved broad-bladed dagger, worn in
heshimu, sikia, kqfu.) the belt by Arabs, often highly orna-
*Jalia, v. A p. grant (to), give mented. J. lameta kumoja, the dagger
power (opportunity) to, enable, be is bright on one side. J. kiunoni na
gracious (to), esp. of God's favour bakora mkononi, dagger at waist and
and help. Muungu akinijalia, if stick in hand.
God helps me, God willing. Ps. Jambo, n. {mambo), (1) matter,
jalhva. Ntakwenda nikijaliwa, I affair, circumstance, business, thing
will go, if I can (if I am allowed, (never of a concrete kind, which is
if all is well, God willing). Lijali- kitu) ;(2) matter of importance,
walo kuwa, halina uztao, what is difficulty, trouble (3) for sijambo,
;

allowed to happen, there is no pre- /iujambo,see below. J. hili gutnu

venting. (Ar. Cf. sayidia, bariki, sana, this matter is a very difficult
wezesha. Dist. jalia iromjaa, v.) one. Amenitenda killa j. la wema,
*Jaluba, n. small ornamental box he has treated me with every possible
of metal. (Ar. ? Turkish. Cf. kindness. Mambo ya serkali, political
ki/aluba.) (public, official) affairs. Ulimwengu
*Jamaa, a number of persons una 7nambo, the world is full of
n.
gathered or connected together, family, troubles. Ja?nbo (sometimes ya-
society, company, assembly, gather- ?nbo) is the commonest form of
ing, meeting. Mtu wa /., member greeting for all classes in Z. ' How
of a family, kinsman. Enyij. walio- do you do ? ' and also the commonest
huthuria hapa (on addressing an form of reply, I am quite well.' '

audience), my friends here present. Ja??ibo thus used represents in the greet-
 —
JAMDANI 113 JARARI
ing hujambo (or strictly hunajambo, all the lot, the whole lot. (Ar.
though this is never heard), and hu- Cf. jamaa, junta, and syn. kusanya.)
jambo is the more correct and respect- Jamvi, n. (ma-), a piece of floor-
ful form, spoken interrogatively, i. e. matting, of the common coarse kind,
You have nothing the matter with made of plaited strips of leaf, used in
you? Nothing the matter? You are houses, mosques, shops, &c. J. la
well ? Similarly in the reply, jambo kutandika chini nyumbani, matting
is for the more correct sijambo, i. e. to spread on the floor in houses.
sinajambo, I have nothing the matter, (Cf. mkeka, msa/a.)
I am quite well. Jambo with the *Jamvia, n. See Jambia.
Negat. Pfx. of the Pres. Tense is used Jana, n. and adv., yesterday, day
as a verb, with the special sense of before the present, period preceding
being well or improving in health or the present. Siku ya jana, yester-
general condition, both of persons day. Mwaka wa jana, last year.
and things, e. g. sijambo, I am well, (Cf.juzi, leo, &c)
I am better, matters are improving Jana, n. {ma-), (1) a fine, large
with me. Inchi yote sasa haijambo, child, e. g. jana dame, a very fine
the whole country is now in a good boy. (Cf. mwana.) (2) A
youth,
state. Haijambo, it (the weather) is lad (cf. the common kijana in same
fine. Cf. the corresponding use of sense). (3) Grub, larva, young (of an
the Negat. Pres. of weza, i. e. siwezi, insect). Majana ya nyuki, bees in
huwezi, &c, I am ill. Sometimes the grub stage (cf. buu). Hamna
jambo is thus used with other tense asili, twajitafunia majana, there is
pfxs.,e.g. umemtoa nyoka, htiktijambo no honey (in the comb), we are just
lolote, you got the snake out, but you munching grubs. (From same root
were none the better for it. Ha- as mwana, which see.)
jambo, like hawezi, is sometimes used *Janaba, n. pollution, defilement,
adjectivally, e. g. nikapata hajambo, esp. ceremonial, according to Ma-
I got well. Tukawa sote hajambo, li ommedan rule. (Ar. Cf. una-
and we were all getting on well. jisi, ujzisi, tichafu.)
(Cf. amba, orig. speak, ji-ambo, Jangwa, n. (ma-), desert, wilder-
jambo, a subject of speech, thing ness, waste, barren ground, bare
talked of, affair. Cf. neno, word, (desolate) country. (For ji-angwa
matter, thing. Contr. kittc, a con- cf. wangwa, and syn. nyika, poli,
crete thing, substance.) pululu.)
*Jamdani, n. white brocade. Jani, n. (ma-), leaf, blade of grass.
(Hind. See Nguo.) Majani, leaves, grass, herbage of any
*Jamii, v. (i) collect together, but kind, green vegetables. Rangi ya
commonly Cs. jami-is/ia, -ishwa, in majani, green, — as a colour. Dim.
same sense ; (2) copulate. — n. kijani.
.and Jamia, a collection of objects, Japo, conj. also Ijapo, even if,
group, company, number, mass, body, although. For japo as a tense sign,
total, sum. J. ya watoto, a lot of and auxiliary, see -ja. (Cf. syn.
children. J. ya mali, the whole of iwapo, kwamba^)
a sum of money. J. ya makathi, *Jarari, n. or Jerari, halliard,
bench of judges. J. ya watu, the a rope running" through a pulley
mass of men, most people, the public. (abedari) on deck, and another 'gojia')
J. ya maneno, the words taken to- attached to the thicker rope (henza),
gether, the whole sentence, context. by which the mainyard and sail of a
Also as adv., in a mass, collectively, native vessel are hoisted. See Tanga,
as a whole, all together. Wotejamii, and Eamba.
 — ) !

JAKIBU 114 JEMBE

*Jaribu, v. (i) experience, make reply, cf. jibn (2) affair, matter,
;

trial of, attempt, try, test, prove, concern, cf.jambo. J. Hive lote, be
only incidentally with any idea of the matter what it may. Amefanya
trying, in the sense of do one's best,'
'
j. kuu, he has done a great thing.
'
make an earnest endeavour (for '
J. la kesho htiandaa leo, the business
which see jitahidi, kaza, fatiya, bi- of to-morrow one gets ready for to-day.
dii, shika) ; (2) in moral sense, test, *Jaza, v. and Jazi, reward, make
tempt. Akajaribtt ktmlikisa mti, a present to, grant favour to, give
he tried shaking the tree. J. safari, maintenance (to), supply (to), re-
attempt a journey. J. upanga, make quite, punish. Muungu amemjaza
trial of a sword. Ps. jaribiwa. mengi, God has been bountiful to
Nt. jaribika, be liable (open) to test him. Ap. jaz-ia, -iwa, -izilia,
(or, temptation). Ap. jarib-ia, -iziliwa. (Ar. Cf. tuza, lipa, -pa
-iwa, -iana, make an attempt on, Ihawabu, &c.) — n. (ma-) and
have a try at (for, with, in, &c.) jazijjazo, reward.
gift, (Ar. Cf.
Cs. jarib-isha. — n. (ma-), (1) baksh ish i, zawadi.
trial, proof, test, attempt ;(2) that *Jaza, n. Cs. of Jaa, which see.
which tries (tests, proves the nature *Jazi, a. sufficient, plentiful, com-
or mettle), a trial, trouble, difficulty. mon. Kitu hiki ni j. mjini, this
(Ar. Cf. syn. onja, angalia, ta- article is common in the town.
zamia.) Vyombo vij., the vessels are nume-
Jarifa, n. (ma-), drag-net, seine, rous. ( Ar. Cf. syn. -ingi, tele, mari-
of European make. (Cf. juya, thawa, &c.) — n. also Juza,
kimia, wavu.) which see, and Jazo.
Jasho, n. (1) sweat, perspiration; Je, interr. particle, How? Well?
(2) high temperature, sultriness, What now ? Answer me Tell me !

heat, — causing perspiration. Haku- Je, bwana, ktijambo ? Well, sir, how
laliki nyttmbani kwaj., it is too hot are you ? Je? ni halali ? Tell me,
to sleep indoors. Fanya (toka) /., is it lawful ? Often affixed to verbs.
perspire, sweat. (Cf. hari, moto, Amejibuje ? How did he answer ?
mvuke.) What is his reply? Kitmekuwaje
*Jasi, n. (1) a kind of soft friable hziko ? How did matters go there ?
stone (chalk, gypsum, pumice) What happened? Nifanyeje? How am
rubbed on the fingers when plaiting I to act ? What shall I do ? (Cf.
mats. (Ar. Cf. chaki.) (2) {ma-), nini, ginsi gani.)
ornament worn in the lower lobe of *Jebu, n. (ma-), an ornament
the ear, often a round silver plate. worn by women hanging under the
(Cf. kiptdi, kipini, and for orna- chin, often from the veil. (Cf.
ments, ure?nbo.) tire ni bo.)
*Jasiri, v. be bold, dare, venture, Jego, n. See Chego.
risk, make a brave (foolhardy, ven- *Jelidi, v. bind, —
a book, esp.with
turesome) effort. Amejasiri njia leather. Ps. jelidiwa. (Ar.
peke yake, he risked travelling alone. Cf. jalada, mjeledi.)
Ps.jasirizva. Nt. jasirika. Ap. Jema, form of -ema, good
a.
jasiria, venture on, make a try at. (which agreeing with
see), 5 (S). D
Cs. jasir-isha, -ishwa, and Intens. *Jemadari, n. (ma-), command-
— a. brave, venturesome, foolhardy. ing officer (of soldiers), general.
(Ar. Cf. tijasiri, and syn. thubutu, (? Hind. Cf. amiri, afsa.)
-giimu, shtijaa,jahili.) Jembe, n. (ma-), hoe, of native
Jawa, v. Ps. of Jaa, v., which see. make, the common instrument of cul-
*Jawabu, n. (ma-), (1) answer, tivation, —
a flat pear-shaped piece of
 JENEZA 115 JI
hammered iron with a spike (msuka) *Jeruhi, v. be wounded. (Ar.
passing through, and fixing it to, Cf. jeraha, majeruhi.)
a short stout wooden handle (kipini). *Jeshi, n. (ma-), a great company,
J. la kizungu, a spade. Piga j.,
assemblage, host, troop, army. J. la
hoe, use a hoe (or, strike with a hoe). asikari, an army, —usually a larger
Dim. kijembe. (Cf. wembe.) body than kikosi, or kundi. Fanya
*Jeneza, n. a bier, i. e. kitanda (changa, kusanya) j., muster (levy,
cha kiichukulia mtu aliyekufa, a bed- enrol) an army.
stead for carrying a dead person (to *Jesila, n. See Jizla.
the grave). It has handles and a Jetea, v. rely on, trust to, be con-
frame to support a covering. Or an fident in, be puffed up by. Jetea
ordinary kitanda is used, turned up- ulimwengu, rest the hopes on this
side down. (Ar. Cf. machela, world, of a worldly person (mli-
tusi.) mzvengu). Rf. jijetea, be self-con-
Jenga. v. construct, build — a house fident, be self-reliant, be arrogant.
in the native way, of poles, sticks, Mwanamke huyu anajetea iijana
mud, grass, &c, not of masonry (see %vake, this woman relies on her youth-
Aka, Uashi), but also extended to fulness, as her stock-in-trade. (Cf.
building in general. J. nywnbaya tegemea, egemea, turn aini,jiv una.)
miti na udongo, build a house of *Jethamu, n. a kind of leprosy, or
poles and clay. Also /. merikebu, elephantiasis. (Arab.)
build a ship (but this is more usually *Jeuri, n. violence, outrage, bru-
undo). Ps. jengwa. Nt. jeng- tality, assault, injustice, oppression.
eka. Ap. jeng-ea, -ewa, build Mwenyi j., a tyrant, oppressor, ruf-
for (with, in addition to, at, &c). fian. Fanya I piga, tod) j., act in a
Nyumba hii imejengewa, this house violent (brutal, outrageous) way.
has been added to, enlarged. Cs. —a. and -jeuri, violent, tyrannical,

jeng-esha, -eshwa, cause to build, &c. (Ar. Cf. tjeiiri, and syn.
have built. (Cf. jengo, mjengo, uthalimu, thnlumu, shari, tikorofi,
jenzi, mjenzi, njenzi, also aka, and opp. tipole, haki, adili.)
unda.) Ji (before vowels often j-) a prefix
Jengo, n. (ma-), a building, a used as i. formative only, (a) initial,
building operation, material for build- before roots of (i) nouns of D 5,
ing, a house, shed, enclosure. Toa when they would be otherwise mono-
j., design, draw, make a plan of syllabic in the Singular, e.g. jiwe
a building. J. la mawe na chokaa, (plur. mawe, not majiwe), jicho
a structure of stones and mortar. (plur. macho, not majicho), jino
Majengo, building materials. (Cf. (plur. meno, for ma-ino, indicating
jenga.) an i in the root) ,jiko (plur. meko, for
Jengua, v. Rv. of Jenga, take maiko). (2) Declinable adjectives,
a building to pieces, demolish, pull when the root is monosyllabic or be-
down. (Cf. jenga, and the more gins with a vowel, to mark agree-
usual syn. bomoa, vunja.) ment with D5 (S), e.g.jipya,jingi,
Jenzi, n. {ma), building, mode of jike,jekundtt,jororo,jema, &c. (b)
building. Ndio majenzi yao Wa- Medial, between ki- diminutive and
doe, that is the way the Doe tribe the root of nOtfns, in both sing, and
builds. (Cf. jenga, mjenzi?) plur. esp. when confusion might other-
,

*Jeraha, n. (— and ma-), a wise arise with a different word, e. g.

,

wound, a sore, ulcer. Dim. kijeraha. kijitu, dim. of mtu (not kitu, a
Tiaj., wound. Pataj.,be wounded. thing), kijiti, dim. of mti (not kiti,
(Ar. Cf. fqllg.) a seat), kijiko (not kiko, a pipe),
I 2
 JIA 116 JICHO
kijiwe (not hiwe), kijibwa (not kibwa). ease and idleness. Jupilia, go about
It also occurs in dim. of neno, kiji- one's own devices. Kizee ajipitie
neno for kinetio. (3) Terminal, at- i?npendezavyo, the old lady can go
tached to nouns directly formed from about her business as she likes. Ji-
a verb, and commonly conveying the being a prefix of such common use
notion of habitual, customary, general and wide application, words not
action or condition, e. g. from iga, found under ji- may be looked for
imitate, mwiga, one who imitates,under the letter following ji-. (Obs.
and mwigaji, a regular imitator, sometimes a simple objective person
caricaturist, from omba, beg, mwomba, pfx. is used for the reflexive /'/-, e. g.
one who begs, prefers a request, mw- nikanywa mvinyo nikanilevya, and
ombaji, a professional beggar. (Cf. I drank wine, and made myself
ulaji, gluttony, as a quality, habit, drunk. Umekuepztka na rehema ya
and obs. such words as kinywaji, Muungu, you have shut yourself out
that which is drunk, a beverage, in from God's mercy.)
contr. with kinywa, mouth, where ji Jia, v. Ap. of Ja, which see.
is mainly distinctive). 2. Amplifica- *Jibini, n. cheese. (Arab.)
tive, i. e. denoting relative largeness, *Jibu, v. answer, reply, respond,
before any suitable monosyllabic retort. Ps. jibiwa, be answered,
noun, and some dissyllables, e. g. receive in answer, &c. Nt.jibiha,
jitu,jibwa, jisu, jiguu, ju??iba {Ji- be answerable, admit of an answer,
umba, cf. nyumba), jombo (ji-ombo, &c. (also jibikana. in same senses).
cf. chomb6),jivuli,jinywa. (Contr. Ap. jib-ia, -iwa, -iana, e. g.jibiana
ki, as corresponding diminutive pre- kiva waraka, correspond (by letter).
fix.) 3. Reflexive, in verbs (often Cs. jib-iza, -izwa, -is/ia, -ishwa,
strengthened by a nafsi following) •izana. Akamjibisha majibu, and
and verbal nouns (e.g.jisifu, maji- he compelled him to reply, or, and
sifu, jivuna, majivuno, &c), and he caused an answer to be given to
either (a) simple, jiua, commit sui- him (the other person). Jibizana,
cide, jificha, hide oneself, jihathari, e. g. of a class conducted by method
guard oneself, jiweka vema, behave of question and answer. — n. {i?ia-),
oneself, or (b) with a range of mean- answer, reply, retort, response.
ings both wide and delicately shaded, Commonly in plur. leta majibu,
mostly centring on such ideas as in- bring an answer. Pa (tod)j., give an
dependence, wilfulness, selfishness, answer. (Ar. Cf. jawabu, ma-
interested action, personal aims and jibu, rarely jibile, jibio. Dist.jiptt,
objects, or again, carelessness, in- and wajibu.)
difference,random or chance action, Jibwa, n. (ma-), a very large dog.
&c, and capable of conveying alike a (Cf.mbwa, kijibwa.)
gross insult, or a subtle inuendo. Jicho,
(macho),
n. (1) eye.
A few examples are \~jienda, of easy, Fumba
j., close the eye. Fumbua
automatic, perpetual motion. Ji-/., open the eye. Finya j., half
endea, take a walk (for pleasure), close the eye. Kazaj., look fixedly,
run amuck (like a madman). Jijia, rivet the eye. Tupaj. , cast a glance.
come on one's own concerns (inde- Agariza j., glare, stare. Pepesa
pendently), jog along. Nikawa ku- (jicho), wink. Macho is often used
jijia zangn chini, so I simply fell of wakefulness, or being awake, and
helplessly to the bottom. Jikohoza, fig. of vigilance, as n., a., and adv.
give a significant cough. Jigonjw- Ana macho, or yu macho, he is
eza, feign sickness, sham. Jiona, awake. Kaa macho, remain awake,
be conceited. Jikalia, lead a life of keep watch at night (cf. kesha)*
 — ) —
JIFTJ 117 JINYWA
Walikuwa macho, they were awake. try, district, province. (Cf. wilaya,
(2) Spring, place where water bub- which used of the administrative
is

bles from the ground. Jicho la divisions of Zanzibar Island.)

maji, a spring of water. (Cf. chem- Jina, n. (»w-), name, i.e. proper
chemi.) (3) Bud of a flower, when name. J. lako nani'i What is your
just opening. (Cf. ttimba, chipukizi.) name ? J. la kiipangwa, nickname
Macho y a mlama{?), husks of millet. (borrowed name). Tia {-pa) j.,
(Perh. cf. -cha, v. dawn, and, for give a name (to). Taja mtu j.,
conditions of the eye, upogo, upofu, mention a person by name.
chongo, makengeza, chamba chajicho.) Jinamisi, n. {ma-), (1) bending
Jifu,n. {via-), usu. in plur. ashes, (oneself)down, bowing down, e.g.
of burnt material. (Perh. cf. jifya.) mahali pa jinamisi, a place where
-jifujifu, sometimes used as '
grey, you must bend down. (2) fig. hu-
ash-coloured, ashy.' (Cf. ifu-iftc.) mility, self-humiliation. (3) Night-
Jifya, n. {mafya), cooking mare. J. limenilemea, I am op-
stone, — one of the three used to sup- pressed by a nightmare. (Cf. inama,
port a cooking-pot over the fire. and ji-.
Not usu. in Z. town. {Cf.jifn, and Jingi, n. {ma-), one of the two
seefga,ji£o.) upright posts of a native frame for
Jigamba, v. Rf. of gam b a (which rope-making, supporting a cross
is not used), vaunt oneself, boast, board {bau lajingi). Also a form of
brag, show off. Ap. jigambia. -ingi, agreeing with 5 (S).D
Other forms rare. (Cf. syn. jisifu, *Jini, n. {ma-), a spirit, genius
jiona,jivnna.) a supernatural (created) being,
Jijiri, n. or chichiri. See Kijiri. powerful and capricious, but not
Jika, v. go to stool, — in Z. enda always like shetani, malignant.
chooni. See Choo. (Ar. See Pepo.)
Jike, n. {ma-), female animal. — Jino, n. {mend), (1) tooth; (2)
Punda j., an ass. Bata j., a duck. various objects resembling a tooth,
(Cf. *ke, kijike, and contr. ndume.) as projecting, gripping, catching,
Jiko, n. {meko), fire-place, e -g- co S (°f a wheel), ward (of a
hearth, kitchen. Often in the locat. lock), strand (of a rope), plug (of
form, jikoni, the kitchen. Mtoto wa tobacco), battlement (on a wall), &c.
jikoni, under-cook, scullery boy. Kamba ya meno matatu, a rope of
Mkaa jikoni, a stay-at-home. The three strands. J. zima la ttimbako,
plur. meko is used most commonly in si kipande, a whole plug of tobacco,
Z. for the (three) stones which sup- not a cutting. Otaj., cut a tooth,
port a cooking-pot over the fire, i. e. of a child. Ngoaj., extract a tooth,
mawe yazuiayo chtingu cha kupika have a tooth out. Naumaj., I have
katika moto. (Cf. jiga, and note, a tooth-ache, also /. laniyma. J.
jifya, and /?'-.) la mbele, incisor, front tooth. J. la
Jilio, n. {ma-), coming, approach, nyuma, back tooth, molar. Toa
advent, usu. in plural. (Cf. jio, meno, show the teeth. Tafuna kwa
jilia, Ap. form ofja.) meno, gnaw, nibble, chew with the
Jimbi, n. (ma-^, (1) a male fowl, teeth, -a meno-meno, battlemented,
a cock. J. lazvika, the cock crows. jagged, serrateS. (Cf. chonge,
(Cf. syn. jogoo, pora.) (2) A
plant, chego, pembe, kibogoyo.)
of which both leaves and roots are *Jinsi, n. sort, kind, quality,
eaten (Colocasia edulis, Sac). (Cf. class, — also commonly ginsi, which
mayugwa.) see. (Ar.)
Jimbo, n. (ma-), inhabited coun- Jinywa, n. {ma-), a large mouth,
 !

JIO 118 JIWE

esp. as an insulting term, e. g. ziba jitahidisha, in intens. sense, make a
jinywa lako, stop that great mouth great effort. n. effort, endeavour, —
of yours, shut up. (Cf. common exertion. Jitahidi haiondoi amri ya
kinywa, kanwa, and nya.) Muungu, human effort is powerless
Jio, n. coming, approach.
{via-), against God's will. (Ar. -ji not
Seldom used. Jio la usiku, approach reflexive, cf. juhudi from same root,
of night, evening. (Cf. follg. zndujio, and syn. fanya bidii, kaza, shika.)
jilio, njia, —
also/m, Ap. form oij'a.) Jiti, n. {via-), a large tree, a trunk
Jiona, Jipevua, Jipotoa. See of a tree, a large piece of wood.
Ona, Pevua, Potoa, and Ji-. Unapoikamata ngoma, kamala jiti
Jioni, loc. form of jio used as n. lake, when you get hold of a drum,
or adv., evening, in the evening. see you get hold of its wooden part.
Jioni hivi (or, hii, or, leo), this even- (Cf. mti, kijiti, and dist. kiti.)
ing. (Cf. jio, kuchwa,
and syn. * Jitimai, n. grief, sorrow, affliction.
vishuko wajua, magaribi, and contr. Jito,n. {via-), also Juto, as from
assubuhi.) —
a root uto, large river, lake. Lake
Jipu, n. {via-), boil, abscess. J. Nyassa sometimes spoken ofasjito.
is

laiva, the boil is coming to a head. (Cf. mto, kijito, and ziwa, lake.)
Jitu, n. {ma-), a very big man.
J. limetumbuka, the boil has burst.
J. litatoka usaha, the boil will dis- Anakuwa j. zima, he is becoming a
charge. (Cf. upele, kidonda.) perfect giant. (Cf. mtu, kijitu, and
Jipunguza, Jipurukusha. See syn. pande, or pandikizi, la mtu, and
Punguza, Purukusha, and Ji-. dist. kitu,a thing.)
Jipya, n. new, — agreeing with Jivi, n. {ma-), (1) a great (notori-
D 5 (S). See -pya. ous, famous) thief. (Cf. vvwivi, ibd).
*Jirani, n. {ma-), (i) neighbour, (2) A wild hog (Str.).

one living near (2) anything near,

;
Jivu, n. (1) {ma-), ash, also Jifu,
adjacent, adjoining, on the boundary. which see (2) wooden socket in
;

Nyuviba yangii ni j. ya nyuviba which the handle of a native drill

yake, my house is next to his. turns. (Cf. keke.)
Shaviba j., adjacent estate. (Ar. Jivuli, n. {ma-), great shadow,
Cf.iijirani, mpaka mmoja, pakia.) shadow of large object. Jivuli la
*Jiri, v. come to pass, take place, mvumo, shadow of borassus palm.
take effect. Haikujiri neno, it has (Cf. mz'uli, kivuli, &c.)
no effect. Cs. jirisha. Mfalme Jiwa, v. Ps. ap. of ja, be ap-
akaijirisha sheria, the king gave proached, be visited, have guests.
effect to the laws, enforced the law. See -ja.
( Ar. for common tnkia, tokea,ja, wa.) Jiwe, n. {mawe, or to indicate large
*Jiriwa, n. {via-), also Iriwa, a size majhve), a stone, a large stone,
screw vice. a piece of stone, stone (as material).
Jisifu, v. Rf. of sifu (which see), Nyuviba ya mawe, a stone house.
J. la thamani, a precious
boast, brag, vaunt oneself, sing one's stone.
own praises, advertise oneself. n. — Mawe is used as a contemptuous ex-
usu. in plur. majisifu, self-praise, pletive, Rubbish nonsense humbug
! !

boasting. See Ji. I don't believe you J. la kusagia, a

!

Jisingizia, v. Rf. of Singizia mill-stone. J. la manga (see Manga),

(which see). a hard close-grained stone, used as
Jisu, n. {via-), a large knife. a whetstone (kinoo). Piga, or pigia,
(Cf. Hsu, kijisu.) mawe, throw stones at, stone. Mtupo
*Jitahidi, v. make an effort, exert wajiwe, a stone's throw. The stone
oneself, try hard, strain at. Cs. of Zanzibar is coral limestone of
 JIZLA 119 JTJA
different ages. (Cf. mbwe, kawe, Jongo, n. (ma-), (1) a large, high
kibwe,kikawe,kijiwe, and for different back, a ridge, high projection; (2)
sizes of stone, ?nwamba,jabali, kokoto, a seam, —
in sewing.
J. nene, a large,
changarawi, mchanga.) projecting seam. (For ji-ongo cf.
*Jizla, n. also Jesila, Gesla, a maongo, or maungo, and gongo,
measure of weight, viz. 10 frasila or mgongo (elsewhere mongo), back,
60 pishi, about 350-60 lb. (Ar.) dorsal ridge, kijongo, kibiongo.)
Jogoo, n. (ma-), a male fowl, a Jongoo, n. (ma-), a very large
cock. Jogoo lawika, the cock crows. black millipede, Common in Z. and
J. la kwanza, first cockcrow, about destructive to crops. Mtupa jongoo
2 a.m. J. la pili, second cockcrow, hutupa na mti wake, he who throws
just before dawn, 4 p.m. Majogoo away a millipede, throws away the
ndio saa la shamba, the cock is the stick it is on as well.
clock in the country. (Cf. jimbi, Jororo, a. soft, —
form of -ororo,
pora, kukti.) agreeing with D 5 (S). (See -Ororo,
*Johari, n. a jewel, a gem, a and ji.)
precious stone, e. g. zumaridi, yakuli, Josho, n. (ma-), for ji-osho, or
almasi feruzi lulu. Also fig. j. za same as chosho, i.e. ki-osho, a bathing-
,
,

mtu ni mbili, akili na haya, the place, a place for washing. (Cf.
most precious qualities are these two, oga, osha, and see Chosho.)
intelligence and modesty. (Ar. Joto, n. (ma-), for jioto, or same
Cf. kite.) as choto, i. e. ki-oto, great heat, in-
*Joho, n.( —,and;;w-), (1) woollen flammation, pyrexia. Pata joto (or
cloth ; (2) a long loose cloth coat or joto joto), get hot. (Cf. ota, moto.)
cloak, open in front, and often richly Joya, n. a white spongy substance
embroidered, worn by Arabs and well- sometimes found filling the shell of
to-do people. (Ar. Cf./£a#s«, and a cocoanut, instead of being deposited
nguo.) as the usual lining of nutty hard
Joka, n. (ma-), a very large snake, substance on the inside, also the —
in general, — a serpent. (Cf. nyoka, nut thus filled. Joya la nazi, either
n. and v. Dist. choka.) the substance or the nut. Hutazamwa
Joko, n. (ma-), oven, kiln, esp. of nazi, kama imefanya joya ndani,
potter's work, a place for baking a cocoanut is examined to see if it is
earthen vessels, i.e. mahali pa kuokea spongy inside. Kama j., spongy,
vyungu. (From ji, which see, and porous, full of holes. Nyumbayangu
oka. CLjosko, and choko.) ni j., atakaye huingia, my house is
Jombo,n.(»a-), ampl. of chombo, like a spongy cocoanut, any one who
i. e. ji-ombo, a large utensil, a large likes goes into it. (Cf. nazi.)
vessel or ship. (Cf. chombo, ki- *Jozi, n. (1) a walnut (2) a pair,
;

jombo.) brace, couple, —

of anything. (Ar.
Jongea, v. move (pass) on, make nut in general.
'
' Cf. lozi. The
a move, move, approach. Jongea consonants are transposed of the Ar.
uvulini, move into shade. Jongee word for pair.') '

huku, nipiske mimi, move aside and Jua, n. (ma-), (1) the sun, sun-
let me pass. Ap. jong-elea, -elewa, shine, fine weather (2) time of day
;

-eleza, -elezwa, -eleana, move to, ap- (as judged by #ie position of the sun).
proach, go up to, &c. Akanijongelea J. kali (jingi), hot sun, hot weather.
hatta nilipo, and he came close up to J. kichwani (vichwani), time of sun
where I was. Cs.jong-eza, -ezwa, overhead, noonday. J. kucha (ku-
-ezana. (Cf. enda, pita, sogea. panda, kutoka, kuchomozd], sunrise.
Dist. chongea.) /. kuchwa (tua shuka),
}
sunset. J.
 JUA 120 JUTA
linaaga miti, the sun is taking farewell *Jukwaa, n. (ma-), also Jukwari,
of the trees, i. e. is setting. Macho scaffolding, staging, stage, scaffold.
ya j., sunrise, the Orient, the East. (Hind.)
Machweo yaj., sunset, the West. J. *Juma, n. (1) also Jumaa,
lifjtekuwa alasiri (athutiri, ma- Friday, and more fully Ijumaa, i.e.
garibi, &c), the time of day is after- the day of assembly, e.g. Kwenyi
noon (noon, evening, &c). Katika iiwapd) Ljwnaa, on Friday ; (2)
j. saa moja, at 7 a.m. (ma-), a week. J. mo/a, one week.
Jua, v. know, know about, under- j. zima, a whole week. The days
stand, be acquainted with. Najua following are named from it, i. e.
jambo hili (mtu kuyu), know this I Jtimaa (for Jtima ya) mosi, Saturday,
affair (this person). Sijui maneno Jtwiaa pili, Sunday, Jumaa tatu,
ya kiungtija, I do not know the Monday, Jumaa 'nne, Tuesday,
Zanzibar language. Najua kitfua Jumaa tano, Wednesday. But Alha-
r/iuma, I know smith's work. Namhia misi, Thursday. See Alhamisi.
aliko, I know where he is. Ps. (Ar. Cf. Jamaa, Jamii, jumla, and
juliwa. Nt.jti/ika, be known, be see Siku. Juma seems also some-
knowable, be intelligible, and juli- times used for nj'umu.)
kaiia, in the latter sense. Ap.jtt- * Jumaa, n. See Juma. Moskiti
ili.i, -iliwa, know about, &c. Ali- wa jumaa, the mosque of the con-
mjuilia kama amekasirika, he recog- gregation. (Arab.)
nized that he was angry. Cs. Jumba, n. (ma-), a large house,
(rarely juza), ju-lisha, -lishwa, -li- mansion, palace. (For ji-umba'
shana, cause to know, make known, Cf. nyumba, chumba, kijuviba, &c.)
inform. Also juvya,juvisha (some- Jumbe, n. (ma-), king, chief, head
times meaning '
—
make impertinent, man, also called locally diwani,
provoke to or teach impertinence.' shomvi,pasi. (Perh.ji-umbe, from
Cf. -juvi). Pp. ju-ana, -ania, ttmba, cf. kiumbe, and syn. sultani,
-anisha. Nimewajuanisha, I have mfalme, mwinyi, mkuu, and dist.
introduced them to each other. mjumbe.)
(Cf. -jztzi, -juvi, tijuzi, &c, and syn. * Jumla, n. (1) the sum, total, a
Jahamu, tambtia.) lot, all together; (2) in Arithm.
*Juba, n. ( — or ma-), (1) a kind addition. Also adv. wholesale, in
,

of coat, vest, or jacket, open in front, lots. (Ar. Cf. juma, jamaa, and
with collar and wide sleeves of cloth syn. jamii, shelabela.)
or (unlike the johd) of calico and *Jumlish.a, v. Cs. add up, sum up,
linen. (Arab Cf. joho, kanzu, put all together. Ps. jumlishwa.
ngzio.) (2) A mortising chisel. (Cf. (Ar. Cf. jumla, and syn. jamiisha,
'

patasi, c/zembeu.) tia pamoja.)

*Juhudi, n. effort, exertion, strain, Jungu, n. (ma-), a large cooking
ardour, zeal, painful stress, agony. pot, usually round, of red or black
Anaj.ya kazi, he is a zealous worker. earthenware, and with a cover. (For
Fanya j., take great pains. J. si ji-ungu, and cf. kijungu, kichungu,
pato, trying is not the same as suc- ungu with pi. nyztugu, and for other
ceeding. (Ar. Cf. jitahidi, and vessels, see Chungu, Chombo.)
cf. syn. bidii, kazi, nguvu.) *Jura, n. (ma-), also Jora, Gora,
*Jukum, n. trader's risk, payment a length of calico, calico in the piece
for taking risk, insurance. Lip a /., (of 30 to 35 yards). (? Ar.)
insure (goods, in trading). Chukua Juta, v. regret, feel the loss of,
j., take the risk, guarantee. (Hind., miss, be sorry for, feel remorse for,
used in commerce, cf. syn. bima.) 'referring to something past. Najuta
 JUTO 121 JUZU
mimi nafsi yangu kufanya neno hili, yako, make plans for your journey.
I am sorry myself for doing this Alisema mengi j. yake, he talked
thing. Juta maovu, feel remorse for a great deal about him. (5) Against,
wrongdoing. Ps. jutwa. Nt. in opposition to, to the prejudice
j
jutika, whence 'utikana. Ap.jut- (harm, loss) of. Huna nguvu j.
ia, -iwa. Cs. jut-isha, -ishzva. yangu, you have no power against
Hp.jutana, join in regretting. ^Cf. (over) me. Wakaleta vita j. ya
juto, also toba, tubu.) adui, they made war upon (against)
Juto, n. {ma-), (i) regret, remorse, their enemies. (6) In an excited, per-
sorrow for what is past. Fanya (ona, plexed, fluttered, alarmed state or
ingiwa na, &c.) majuto, feel remorse. condition (of mind and feeling).
Shikwa (patwd) na majuto, have a fit Moyo wake ni j. yuna moyoj., he is
,

of remorse. Wakajuta sana majiito excited, has taken offence, is angry,

makuu, they very bitterly regretted it. has lost his head, &c. The Rd.
Majiito ni mjukuu, mwishoive hnja form juujuu is also often used,
kinyume, remorse is a grandchild, it with different shades of meaning,
comes at last. (2) A form of jito, e.g. (1) high up, very high, exalted.
a large river. (Ci.juta, tob.z, and Tazama kijuujuu, take a birdseye,
mto.) synoptic, general view (2) proud,
;

Juu, adv. and (with ya) prep., (1) arrogant, supercilious ; (3) super-
of position, — above, high up, over, ficial, foolish, shallow, excited, per-
on, upon, up (to) above, from above, plexed, &c. Wakaulizwa ya juujuu,
upstairs, on the top (of). J. ya they were asked the usual formal
nyumba, on the top of the house. (civil) questions. Mambo ya juujuu,
Aliyoko juu, mngojee chini, wait be- indifferent matters, gossip, topic of
low for the man who is above. the hour. Tukasemezana juujuu,
Panda j., go upstairs. Shaka j. we had a chat together. (Contr.
ya frasi, dismount from a horse. chini.)
Angenda j., hajikilii mbinguni, Juvisha, Juvya, v. Cs. See
though he soars high, he does not Jua, v.
get to the sky. Also of rank, dignity, Juya, n. (ma-), a seine, drag-net,
&c Aliye j. ni j., i.e. a great man made of native materials. {CLjarifa,
is out of reach. Juu, iliyo juu, wavu, kimia.)
palipo juu, juu yake, is used of the'
Juza, v. Cs. See Jua, v.
top of a thing. Hapa ndipo juu,
'
Juzi, n. (ma-), the day before
here is the top, the highest point. yesterday. J. na jana si kama ya
(2) Resting on, dependent on, obli- leo, yesterday, and the day before,
gatory on, morally binding on, the are not like matters of to-day.
business of, the duty of, &c. J. yako, Mwaka j., or wa j., the year before
you are responsible, it depends upon last. Also used indefinitely, juzi,
you. J. ya mfalme kutawala, it is or juzi juzi, a few days ago, lately.
the king's business to rule. (3) Over J. hivi, the other day. Tangu
and above, in addition to, beside. majuzi yale, some time ago. Mtu
J. ya mambo haya, besides all this. wa j., a new-comer, a young person.
Umpe mpiaj.ya mshahara wake, give Kushindaj., three days ago.
him a rupee in addition to his wages. *Juzu, v. be permissible, be allow-
(4) About, concerning, as to, in re- able, be suitable, be fitting for, be
spect of, with regard to. Mtoto right for, be duty of. Nguo hit
hufanya adabuj.ya mwalimu wake, hai7?ijuzu, these clothes do not suit
a pupil treats his teacher with all him, are not proper for him. Neno
respect. Fa?iya shauri j.ya safari hili lajuzu nami, this matter is right
 JUZU 122 KA
for me, is my duty. Ap. juz-ia, typical form of a narrative in Swa-
-iwa, be right for, be allowed to, be hili begins with a verb in the Past
obligatory for. Mwanamke huyu (/z'-) Tense, and proceeds with verbs

anijuzia kumwoa, it is right for me having ka for It, e.g. paliondokea

to marry this woman. So nime- sermala akaenda kuoa mke, there
jnziwa ktimwoa. Also n. and a., was once a carpenter and he went
of what is allowable, within one's and married a wife. Palikuwa mtu
duty, and so (often) morally binding, akawa tajiri, there was once a man
obligatory. (Ar. Ci.pasa,wajibu.) and he became rich. Hence ka-
*Juzu, n. {ma-), division, section, may be said commonly to carry the
chapter of a book, esp. of the Coran. force of and before a Past (Narra-
'
'

Anasoma j ya thelathini, he is read-

. tive) Tense. Similarly, the common
ing the thirtieth chapter. (Ar. Cf. form of Imperative sentence with
kitabu, chuo.) more than one verb is njoo kaone,
or njoo ukaone, or njoo kaona, come
K. and see. Nenda kalete {ukalete,
K represents the same sound as in kaletd), go and fetch (it).
English. The two different k sounds Beside these uses, ka is regularly
in words of Arabic origin are not employed (1) with a single Impera-
commonly distinguished in Swahili. tive as a semi-connective, i. e. with
For the sound of Arabic kh see reference to something implied or
remarks on Kh- below. understood, e. g. leta, bring it kaleta ;

Kis often pronounced ch in Zanzi- {kalete), bring it then. So kaseme

bar, esp. among the slave class and ati ! speak then Also nikaweie ?
!

new-comers from mainland tribes. Am I to call them then ? (2)

Kis one of the commonest sounds Prefixed to a verb -root, without
in Swahili speech, entering as it does Pers. Pfx. with the force of the
into the formatives ka, ki, ko, and 3 Pers. Sing. Perf. Indie, e. g.
ku (which see), and the preps, kwa, kafa, he is dead. Kenda zake, he
katika. has gone away. Alikwenda mjini
Words not found under K
may be kapanda punda, he went to town
looked for under Kh, H, or Ch. on a donkey, i. e. amepanda punda.
For words beginning with ki- see (3) Affixed to the sign of the Future
remarks on Ki-, below. ta, when ta would otherwise be re-
K-, before a vowel, sometimes quired to bear the accent, as in
represents ka or ki, which see. relative, forms, e. g. atakapokwenda
Ka, I. is a verbal connective pre- for atapokwenda, when he shall go.
fix, except in the cases noted below. In (2) and (3) ka has no connective
In general, it connects two or more force.
verbs together in such a way as either There remain a number of cases
{a) to carry on the construction (mood in which ka is less commonly used,
and tense) of the first verb to those e. g. with a Present Tense, nikali,
following with ha-, or (b) to supply and I am with or following the hu
;

in those verbs the construction ap- tense, hujikia pale akala, he used to
propriate to the context. But most go there and eat hutoka assubuhi
;

commonly it is used (i) to connect hukarudi, he used to go out in the

a verb in the Past (Narrative) Tense morning and come back with a
;

Indicative with others following, or Future Tense, ntaenda nikapata

else (2) to connect a verb in the baraka, I will go and win a bless-
Imperative Mood with another in the ing with a subordinate verb, nime-
;

Subjunctive, or Imperative. Thus the kwenda kwake nikamtazame, I have

 ,

KAA
been to his house to see him intro- ;
123
hair,
V
i. e.
KABARI
he let it go untrimmed.
ducing a supplement especially to Wakakaliana karibn and they settled
,

negative expressions, e. g. asije akafa, near each other. Cs. ka-lisha

that he may not first come and die, (1 kaza) y -lishwa. (Cf. ukao,
for asije kufa or asijafa, before he kikao, makazi, mkaa, &c, and syn.
die; usinipige ukajtita, do not strike keti, shinda, ngoja, ishi, dumu.)
me and then regret it (i. e. or you Kaa, n. (via-), (1) a piece of char-
will regret it) tusiende tukarndi, do
; coal, also extended to mean a lump '

not let us go and then have to come of coal.' Makaa, charcoal, coal,
back again kwenda akaja leo, per- embers. Mineral coal is sometimes
;

haps he comes to-day. distinguished as makaa ya mawe,

Ka coalesces commonly with e or stone coal. Makaa ya moto, live
o following, e. g. akenda, akoga, and embers. Makaa zimwe (ya zitnwe,
with i following forms e, as akesha, mazimwe), slaked embers, cinders,
for akaisha. AHka is often con- dead (burnt out) coal. Makaa moshi
tracted into ha. (yamoshi), soot. (Cf. masizi.) Choma
2. is a Diminutive Prefix of nouns {oka, pika) makaa, make charcoal.
and adjectives, more emphatic than (2) ( ), a crab, the most generic —
ki, e. g. katoto, a tiny child kajiwe, term, including many varieties, e. g.
;

a very small stone ; kagongo kafnpi, kaa makoko (ya pwani), chago,
a very short little club paka kadogo, ngadu, mwanamizi.
;
(Dist. follg.)
a very small kitten. Kadogo is used, Kaaka, n. also Kaa, the palate,
like kidogo, as adv., in a very small also kaa la kinwa.
degree, infinitesimally, to a very small Kaanga, v. fry, braze, cook with
amount. fat, i. e. oka, kwa samli (or, kwa
Kaa, v. (i) stay, stop, rest, K. nyama, cook meat
remain, mafitta).
wait ; (2) sit, sit down, take a seat;K. moto, heat, warm.
with fat.

(3) dwell, live (in), inhabit, reside Mayai ya knkaanga, poached (fried)
(at) ;(4) continue, last, endure. eggs. K. ngoma, warm a drum at
Unakaa wapi ? nakaa shamba (mjini) a fire to tighten the skin. Hence
Where do you live ? I live in the ngoma ya kukaanga, fig. for delay,
country (in the town). Kaa kitako, i. e. a pause in a dance. (Cf.
sit on the haunches, squat, sit down. kaango, kikaatzgo, zikaango, and for
—
Nimekaa, I am seated, often a polite cooking, pika.)
rejoinder (whether seated or not) to Kaango, n. ( , and ma-), a cook- —
the invitation karibu, walk in. Aguo ing pot, of earthenware, properly —
hii imekaa sana, this dress has lasted for cooking with fat, a frying-pan.
a long time, has worn well. Inchi (Cf. kaanga?)
hii inakaa watu, this country is in- *Kaba, v. press tight, squeeze.
habited, i.e. imekaliwa na watu. Ngao inamkaba mwili, his clothes
Ps. kaliwa (rarely kawd). Nt. are too tight for him. Kaba roho,
kalika, and kalikana, be habitable, seize by the throat, throttle, choke.
&c. Ap. ka-lia, -lisha, -lishwa, Wakamkaba roho hatta akazimia,
e. g. -liana, wait for (with, in, by, &c). they throttled him till he fainted.
Akamkalia nabii Mtisa njiani, and (?Ar. Cf. syn. bana, songa, kaza,
he waited for the prophet Moses in saki, shika, keujiata.)
the road. Kumkalia mtu matanga, *Kaba, n. or Kaaba, (1) lining of
to join in the mourning for a person. the kanzu on neck and shoulders.
Ime?nkalia tamn, it has remained See Kanzu. Also (2) a kind of vest
agreeable to him. Akakalia nyele with sleeves. (Ar. Cf.juba.)
zake, and he waited with (for) his *Kabari, n. (— , and ma-), a wedge
 —
KABILA 124 KADIMISHA
(of wood or iron), e. g. to split logs mani, you received the price. Una-
with. kabithi watoto malt yao, hand over
*EIabila, n. (ma-), tribe, clan, this property to the children. Nika-
a smaller division than taifa, and wakabithi fetha wale watumwa, I
larger than tifungu,jamaa. gave the money to the slaves. Cs.
*Kabili, v. (i) be in front, be kabithiwa. Ap. kabith-ia, -iana.
opposite, face (towards), front, point Cs. kabith-isha, -ishwa, cause to re-
to,correspond to, be directed towards, ceive, hand over (to), deliver (to).
be exposed to ; (2) incline towards, (Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. (1) pokea,
tend to, be inclined to, be likely to, karaata, shika; (2) salimu, toa, po-
have a propensity for ; (3) confront, keza, lip a!)
brave, defy, oppose, be contradictory *-kabithi, a.economical, grasping,
to. A Tikamkabili uso kwa uso, I met close-fisted, miserly. (Ar. Cf. ka-
him face to face. Mahali palipoka- bithi, ttkabilhi.)
bili baridi, a place exposed to the *Kabla, and (withya) prep.,
conj.
wind. Hakabili kuuza, he is not before, — almostexclusively of time,
inclined (likely) to sell. Ulimwengn previously, antecedently, in advance
wiakabili nivua, the weather por- of. Followed by a verb in the nega-
tends rain. Hatuwezi kukabili ba- tive, usu. the ja tense and often with
hari He, we cannot steer for (navigate, bado, or else a relative. A*, hajaja
face) that sea. Wakakabili risasi bado, before he arrived. K. haiku-
zetu, they boldly faced our bullets. tiwa nanga, before casting anchor.
Ps. kabiliwa. Nt. kabilika. p. A K. atakapohnja (ajapo), before he
kabil-ia, -iana, be opposite, face each shall come (comes). K. ya kttja,
other, have a mutual attraction, before arrival. K. ya siku chache,
correspond. Cs. kabil-isha, -ishwa. before long, or, a lew days before.
Ntakukabilisha na wali, I will con- (Ar. See Kabili, and follg. Cf.
front you with (present you to) the mbele.)
governor. Kabilisha mtu, send a *Kabla, n. purpose, object, ten-
man in a given direction. Kabilisha dency, direction. Tukaona kabla
barua, dispatch a letter, forward a yao, we saw what they were going to
letter to its destination. Kabilisluz do. (Arab, seldom used. Cf.
moyo, set the heart on, resolve. kabili, kibula, kibla.)
(Ar. Cf. kubali, kabla, kibula, and *Kabuli, n. (1) acceptance, sanc-
syn. tekea, simamia, -zva ??ibele ya, tion. (Ar. Cf. the more common
kutana na, shindana na, lingana na, kibali,tikubali). (2) An Indian dish
&c.) of rice, curry, &c. (Hind. Cf. pilau.)
Kabisa, adv. utterly, altogether, *Kaburi,n. grave, tomb, sepulchre,
quite, wholly, exactly. Njema kabisa, place of burial. Makaburi, or 7tiaka-
as good as can be. Sitaki kabisa, I burini, a cemetery. Chungulia ka-
absolutely refuse. (Cf. syn. kamwe, burini, have one foot in the grave.
haswa, halisi.) (Ar. Cf. siara, kuzimu.)
*Kabithi, v. also Takabathi, (1) *Kadamu, n. (ma-), also Mka-
take in the hand, receive, hold, lay damu, foreman, —
used of the third
hands, on, seize, keep. Also (2) Cs. in authority of the men superintend-
(for kabithisha), cause to hold in the ing work on an estate, the head man
hand, put in the hand (of), deliver being msimamizi, the second nokoa.
(to), hand over (to), give (to). (Ar. Cf. takadamu, and follg.)
Amemkabithi mwenyi deni, he has *Kadimisha, v. Cs. cause to go
seized the debtor. Kabithi malt, before, send in advance. (Ar. Cf.
hoard, economize. Ulitakabathi tha- kadamu, and tangulia.)
 KADIRI 125 KAIDA
*Kadiri, v. also Kadri, (i) esti- Chinja k., (an animal) as an
kill
mate, reckon, calculate, fix the value offering. (Ar. cover, atone. Cf.
of, put a limit on (2) form an opinion
; kafiri, kufttru, and syn. sadaka,
on, consider, weigh, judge. K. mali, thabihu.)
make a valuation of property. Na- Kafi, n. (ma-), paddle, small
kadiri maneno haya ni kzveli, I judge steering oar. Piga k.,use a paddle,
that this statement is true. Ps. paddle. (Cf. kasia.)
kadiriwa. Nt. kadirika, e.g. be *K£fila, n. a caravan. (Arab,
limited, be measurable, be moderate rarely heard, for common msafara,
(in amount, behaviour, &c), be finite. safari.)
Kufa ni farathi ya iliyokadiriwa, *Kafini, v. cover up, wrap. Mtu
death is a necessary condition of what aliyekufa hukafiniwa kwa sanda, a
is finite. Anatakabari mno, haka- dead man is wrapped in a shroud.
diriki, he shows great arrogance, he (Ar. kafani, a pall rarely heard, for
;

has no moderation. Maneno yasiyo- common fimua, vika.)

kadirika, unmeasured (or, unintelli- *Kafiri, n. (ma-), one who is not
gible) language. Ap. kadir-ia, of the Mahommedan religion, an
-iwa. Cs. kadir-isha, -is/iwu, e.g. infidel, an unbeliever, an atheist,
put limit to, restrain, cause a valua- a pagan, an apostate. (Ar. Cf.
tion (estimate) to be made, &c. n. — kiifuru, tckafiri.)
(1) amount, measure, extent, capacity, *Kafuri, n. camphor. (Arab.)
value, rank; (2) moderation, self- Kaga, v. protect by a charm, put
control, temperance. K. ya watu a charm on (in, near, &c), e. g. kaga
kwni wamekuja, as many as ten shamba (mwili, kaburi), protect by
people have come. K. gani? What charm a plantation (person, grave).
amount ? How much ? Kaa mahali Cf. follg.
pa k. yako, remain in a place suited Kago, n. (makago and mago), a
to your condition. — as adv. conj. charm (for protection or preservation).
and (with ya) prep, in various senses, K. la Jlsi, charm against a hyaena.
(1) about, nearly, up to (2) as much
;
(Cf. kaga, and syn. kafara, dawa,
as, as long as, as often as, whilst, when, hirizi, talasimu.)
as; (3) moderately, on an average, Kagua, v. inspect, survey, examine.
in a certain degree, e. g. k. K. skamba, inspect a plantation.
ntakapo-
fanyiwa maovu uniite, whenever you K. asikari, inspect, hold a parade of,
are badly treated, call me. K. akitia, troops. Ps. kaguliwa. Nt.
hukaza, as soon as he places it, he kagalika. Ap. kagn-lia, -liwa.
fastens it. K. ya kukaa kitako, just (Cf. mkaguzi, and syn. angalia,
when he was sitting down. Common tazamia.)
also with -vyo following, e. g. k. awe- *Kahaba, n. (ma-), prostitute.
zavyo, as far as he can, to the best (Ar. Cf. ukahaba.)
of his ability. (Ar. Cf. ukadiri, *Kahawa, coffee,
n. i. e. the
and syn. gifisi, kiasi.) beverage, — the
berry being buni, or
Kadogo, dim. of -dogo,
a. invar, bnni ya kahawa, and the plant
and more emphatic than kidogo, mbuni. (Ar. Cf. mkahawafii.)
exceedingly small, minute, infini- *Kahini, n. (ma-), also Kuh,ani,
tesimal, tiny. Also adv., in a very priest, soothsayer, and sometimes in
small degree. (Cf. -dogo, ki- and bad sense, deceiver, swindler. (Ar.
ka-.) Cf. mkohani, and kasisi.)
*Kafara, {ma-), an offering, a
n. *Kahira, n. Cairo. (Arab.)
sacrifice, a —
charm, to avert evil. *Kaida,n. fundamental rule, canon,
Toa k., make an offering, sacrifice. pattern, standard, method, same as —
 KAIDI 126 -KALI
kawaida, which see. (Ar. Cf. chembeu. Described as tia pamba
syn. kanuni.) na mafuia yasingie maji, apply
*Kaidi, be obstinate, be head-
v. cotton and grease to prevent water
strong, refuse to obey, con-
rebel, getting in. Ps. kalafatiwa. n. —
tradict. Usimkaidi baba akisema caulking, material used for caulking.
neno, do not contradict (disobey) (Ar.)
your father, if he says anything. Kalala, n. also Karara, TJkalala,
Cs. kaid-isha, -ishwa, e. g. incite to the tough leathery sheath of the cocoa-
disobedience. (Ar. Cf. follg. and nut flower stem.
syn. halifu, asi.) Kalam'ka, v. be quick witted, be
*-kaidi, a. obstinate, refractory, wide awake, be sharp (intelligent,
disobedient, rebellious, &c. (Ar. on the alert), have one's eyes open.
Cf. prec.) Ap. kalamkia, -iwa, (usually) be too
*Kaimu, n. (ma-), superintendent, sharp for, outwit, deceive, cheat.
guardian, vicegerent, viceroy. Ha- and amka, and syn.
(Cf. kalanCzi,
kimu atakuwa k. wa shughuli He, danganya, punja, hadaa.)
the chief will undertake that business. *Kalamu, n. pen (made of reed).
(Arab. Cf. waziri, wakili.) Also any pen. Chonga k., point a
Kajekaje, n. small cords used to pen, make a pen. K. na wino, pen
fasten the sail to the yard, in a and ink. (Ar.)
native vessel. (Cf. chombo, and Kalam'zi, a. crafty, cunning,
kamba.) sharp. (Cf. kalam'ka, and syn.
Kajia, n. an extremely small path -janja, -erevu, ayari.)
or passage. Dim. of njia. (Cf. *Kalasha, n. tusk of ivory, smaller
njia, tijia, and ka-.) than buri. (Cf. pembe, buri.)
Kaka, n. (ma-), (i) *Kalasia, n. small brass vessel
used occa-
sionally of an empty shell, e.g. of with narrow neck, often used for
an egg, or of the rind of a fruit, e. g. milk. (Hind. Cf. kopo, sufuria,
of an orange, k. layai, k. la chungwa. for metal vessels.)
(But ganda is more usual, cf. fuvu, Kale, n. old times, antiquity, the
fuu.) (2) Elder brother, generally past, former ages. Watti wa k., the
used playfully or colloquially, as ancients, men of old. Zamani za k.,
dada. (3) A disease affecting the old times, past ages. Hapo k., once
hand. upon a time, long ago. Kikale, of
Kaka-kaka, adv. in a hurry, in a the old style, old-fashioned, anti-
rush (press, bustle). (Cf. kikaka.) quated, -a k., old, ancient. -a
Kakamia, v. strain after, make a kikale, antiquated. (Cf. zamani,
sudden or violent effort to do, or get and dist. uzee, old age.)
something, e.g. k. maji, of a thirsty *Kalfati. See Kalafati. (Ar.)
man. (Cf. follg.) -kali, a. (1) sharp, having a sharp
Kakam'ka, v. make a muscular edge, cutting, e. g. kisu kikali, a
effort, strain, —
as in lifting a load, sharp knife, makali ya upanga, the
breaking a stone, or in travail. Obs. edge of a sword, opp. to butu (2) ;

also Rf. jikakamua, in same sense. sharp to the taste, acid, sour, bitter,
Kakawana, v. be strong, athletic, e.g. siki kali, sour vinegar, opp.
well knit, muscular. (Cf. syn. to laini, lamu, and cf. chungu (3) ;

shupaa, -wa na maungo!) sharp in temper, severe, stern, cross,

*Kaki, n. a thin hard-baked bis- cruel, fierce, e. g. ngo?nbe mkali, a
cuit or oake. (Cf. mkate.)
. fierce cow, opp. to -pole, -a huruma ;

*Kalafati, v. caulk (the seams of a (4) keen, intense, vehement, brave,

—
wooden vessel), the tool used being jua kali, tembo kali, strong palm-
 !

-KALI 127 KAMASI

wine, scorching sun, watu wakali, ingi k. si nyingi, a moderate number.
warlike people, opp. to -legevu, -vivu, (c) In the definite comparison of two
-oga. (Cf. uka/i.) or more objects, ' as compared with,
-kali, verb-form, used with Person rather than, and not' (cf. kulikd),
prefixes, nikali, tukali, &c, and I am e. g. afathali kuweka mali k. ku-
(was), and we are (were), &c. (Cf. tumia yote, it is better to save money
ka, and It.) than to use it all up. Yeye mkubwa
Kalia, Kalika, v. See Kaa, v. k. wewe, he is big as compared with
*Kalibu, n. a mould, e. g. for bul- you, i. e. bigger than you. Heri
lets, i.e. kidnde cha kusubia lisasi, a kupotea nikafa k. kuwa hai, better I
thing for casting bullets in. Also of should be lost and die than live.
that in which metal, &c. is heated, Bora thahabu k. fetha, gold is more
a heating pot or furnace. (Cf. snbu, valuable than silver. (2) As a sub-
ita,joko, tanmi.) ordinate particle, {a) that, — of re-
*Kalima, word.
n. (Arab, for ported speech, &c. Naserna k.
common neno. Cf. mkalimani.) ndivyo, I say that it is so. Nimesikia
*Kalme. See Galme. k.hajui, I understand that he does not
Kama, v. squeeze, but e p. of know. Aliamumk. aetide, he ordered
milking, e. g. kama ng'ombe maziwa, that he should go. (Cf. similar
milk a cow, or simply kama. Ps. kuwa, ya kwamba, kwamba,
use ofya
kamwa. Nt. kamika, kamikana. and kama kwamba.) (b) If, sup-
Ap. kavi-ia, -iwa. (Dist. kamia, posing that, though, i. e. conditional,
threaten.) Cs. kam-iska, -ishwa, e. g. k. una homa nenda kwa mganga,
kamisha ngombe za watte, act as
e. g. if you have fever, go to the doctor.
milkman, undertake milking. (Cf. K. htitaki, bassi, if you do not want
kamua, kamata, and songa, kaba, to, there is an end of it. Also often
shika.) with Pres. Partic. k. ukipenda, if,

*Kama, conj. also Kana, (i) as you like. K. fetha ikipatikana,

a particle of comparison in general, ntalipa, if the money is forthcoming,
(a) as, such as, like, as if, as though, Whether, if, e. g.
I will pay. {c)
e.g. uwe kama mimi, be like me. do not know whether
sijui k. yuko, I
Ruka k. ndege, fly like a bird. Mtu he is there. Alimtiliza k. ndivyo, he
mfupi k. wewe, a man as short as asked me whether it was so. (Ar.
you. K. hivi (vile), as thus, like For comparative use cf. sawa na,
this, in this way, for instance. With mfano wa, mithili ya, kaliko. For
a noun, often supplies a lacking ad- conditional use cf. ikiwa, iwapo,
jective, e. g. k. maji, like water, i. e. endapo, and the use of -ki- and -sipo
liquid, fluid, also fluent, easy. K. in verbs.)
majani, green. With nini, forms
.
*Kamali, n. a game played by
an expletive or adv. of emphasis, chucking small coin into a hole
e.g. kubwa k. nini, wonderfully (Str.).
great. Zuri k. nini, inexpressibly Kamamanga, n. See Komama-
beautiful, or in the form kamani nga.
wonderful marvellous With a verb,
! ! *Kamani, adv. wonderfully,
kama is commonly followed by -vyo, strangely, exceedingly. (For ka?na
e.g. k. upendavyo, as you please, nini? Like wh^t ! see Kama.)
k. ulivyosema, as you said, but also Kamasi, n. (ma-), mucus from the
k. wapenda, k. tdisema. (b) Like, as it nose, catarrh. Siwezi k., I have a
were, almost, about, nearly, of vague cold in my head. (Cf. mafita,
comparison, e. g. of numbers, asikari kifua.) Futa ?nakamasi, wipe the
k. mia, about a hundred soldiers. Ny- nose.
 ) ) —
KAMATA 128 KAMUA
Kamata, v. take forcible hold of, flat head and fleshy feelers, the only —
catch hold of, seize with the hands freshwater fish common in Z., and
(arms, claws, a trap, &c), grasp, sometimes of large size (15 lb. to
clasp, make a prisoner of, arrest. 20 lb.)
Chui alimkamata kuku, the leopard Kambi, n. (ma-), encampment,
got hold of the fowl. Ps.kamatwa. usually on enclosure occupied at
Nt. kamatika, e. g. maji hayaka- night in travelling on the mainland.
maliki, water cannot be grasped in (? Eng. camp. Cf. kituo, boma.)
the hand. Ap. kamat-ia, -iwa, Kambo, baba (mama) wa
n.
e. g. seize with, grasp at, get a partial kambo, step-father (-mother), mtoto
hold &c.
of, Cs. kamatisha, also wa kambo, step-child. (Perh. cf.
Intens. hold fast. Rp. kamatana, kambo, used (Kr.) for the shoot
grapple, e. g. in wrestling. (Implies sprouting from the roots of the ba-
some effort, difficulty to overcome. nana (?7igombd), near but separate
Cf. shika, kabithi, guia, nasa. For from the chief stem.)
the termination cf. ambata, fzinibata, Kame, n. (ma-), barren land,
nata, pata.) wilderness, desert, waste, unculti-
Kamati, n. ball of wheat flour, vated ground. (Cf. nyika,jangwa,
leavened with te??ibo, i. e. palm-wine poll.
(Str.). Kamia, v. reproach, threaten,
Kamba, cord, rope,
n. the most — dun (a debtor). Amemkamia sana
generic term, properly of the native kumpiga, he threatened to beat him.
kind, but made of twisted cocoanut Mkamia maji hayany wi, he who
fibre (makttmbi). Hence k. ya finds faultwith the water will not
kumbi, kamba y a nazi, to distinguish drink Jikamia, reproach oneself.
it.

it from k. ulaiti, European, hempen Ps. kamiwa. Nt. kaviika. Rp.

rope, and k. ya miwaa, rope of kamiana. (Cf. kamio, and ogofya,
plaited leaf strips. See TTkambaa. lau?nu.)
Ukukuu wa kamba si tipya wa ukam- *Kamili, complete, finish, make
v.
baa, in a rope old fibre is better than perfect, also be complete, be finished.
new leaf strips. Piga (fungd) k. , tie But these meanings are usually taken
with a rope, cord (a load), but also by the Cs. and Nt. or Ps. forms.
like songa k., suka (sokotd) k., make Ps. kamiliwa. Nt. kami/ika.
a rope by twisting or plaiting. The Ap. kamil-ia, -iwa, e. g. end off,
ropes of a native sailing vessel have finish off. Alipokamilia nyumba ile }
various names, all of non-Bantu when he finished off that house.
origin, e. g. amari, baraji, hamarawi, nime-
Cs. kamil-isha, -iskwa, e. g.
dasi, henza, jarari, demajii, goshi, kamilisha mwezi wangu, I have com-
dakawa, mjiari, or ujari. Various pleted my month. a. complete, —
materials for binding are ubugu, perfect, whole, entire, unimpaired.
ugomba, tmg'ong'o, tmunn, ukindu, ( Ar. Cf. maliza, timia, timiliza, isha.)
and ?niwaa. (Cf. tfkambaa, also *-kamilifu, a. same as Kamili, a.,
ugwe, kitani.) which see.
Kamba, n. a lobster, crayfish, Kamio, n. (ma-), a reproach, a
prawn, shrimp, sometimes distin- threat. (Cf. prec.)
guished as k. ya pwani, k. ya bahari, *Kampani, n. also Kumpani,
also mkamba, — the common lobster, a commercial house, a trading asso-
and k. ya mtoni, crayfish. (Cf. m- ciation, a company. (From Eng.
kamba, uduvi, kaa.) company.
Kambali, (ma-), also Kam-
n. Kamua, v. Rv. of kama with '

bari, freshwater cat fish, with broad similar meaning, squeeze, wring,
 )

KAMUSI 129 KANDO

compress, squeeze out, e. g. k. nguo, Kanda, v. knead with the hand,
wring wet clothes ; chungwa, press and
k. work with the fingers,
squeeze the juice out of an orange. shampoo. K. nnga, knead flour
K.jipu, make an abscess discharge. (dough). K. udongo, knead clay, — as
K. 7nafuta, extract oil by pressure. a potter. K. mwili, of a kind of
Ps. kamuliwa. Nt. kamulika. massage, to give relief in pain or
Ap. kamu-lia, -liwa, e.g. akam- weariness, or merely as a luxury.
kamnlia ndimu mwilini, and he Ps. kandwa. Nt. kandika. Ap.
squeezed lime juice over his body. Cs. kand-ia, -iwa. Cs. kand-isha,
kamu-lisha, -lishwa. (Cf. kama, v. -ishwa. (Cf. kandika.)
Kamusi, n. a lexicon, a dic- Kanda, n. ( —
and ma-), (i) a
,

tionary. (Arab. ' ocean.') bag of native (plaited) matting, often —

Kamwe, adv. always with a nega- used for grain, broader at the bottom
tive preceding, (not) at all, (not) in than at the mouth. Dim. kikanda.
the least, (not) ever (i.e. never, by no (Cf. kikapo.) (2) Leather thong,
means). Si kitu kamwe, it is nothing —
strap, also plur. of tikanda.
at all. Sitaki kamwe, I will have Kande, n. and Kandi, stores,
nothing to do with it. (Cf. / ibisa, supplies, — a journey, &c,
for esp.
halisi, hatta kidogo.) provisions. Not usual in Z. (Cf.
Kan a, v. also Kanya, deny, nega- masarufu, akiba, riziki.)
tive, say no,' disown, refuse, e. g.
'
*Kanderinya, n. kettle, tea-kettle.
kwanza mwivi amekana, sasa au- Kandika, v. of the operation of
ngama, at first the thief denied it, now covering the wooden framework of
he confesses. Baba alimkana mtoto, a native hut with clay to form the
the father disowned the child. Ps. Women bring water, while
walls.
kaniwa. Nt. kan-ika, -ikana, e. g. men dig and knead the clay, and
amekaniwa na watu si mwivi, it apply it in lumps with the hand,
was denied by the people that he was between the sticks and inside and out.
a thief. Haikanikani kabisa, it is K. nynmba kwa udongo, plaster a
absolutely undeniable. Ap. kan-ia, house with clay. Ps. kandikwa.
-iana, forbid to, refuse to, deny to (Cf. follg. and kanda, kando, paka,y.)
(about, for, on the part of, by, at, Kandiko, n. (ma-), material for
&c). Baba amemkania mtoto kniba native plastering, i. e. earth or clay.
(or, asiibe), the father had forbidden (Cf. prec. and jengo.)
the child to steal. Cs. kan-isha, *Kandili, n. (ma-), lamp, candle-
-ishwa, also kan-usha, -yusha, stick, chandelier. (Ar. Cf.fanusi,-
-ushwa, -ishia, -ishiwa, -ishana, kinara, taa, meshmaa.)
also Intens. deny emphatically, e. g.
amenikanushia haki yangu, he has
—
Kando, n. ( , and ma-), side,
edge, margin, brink (esp. of river or
wholly denied me my rights. Mw- sea), bank, coast. K. ya (or la)
anamke amektikajiisha mtoto wako, mto, the margin of the river. Used
the woman has induced you to dis- commonly as adv. and (with la, ya)
own your child. (Cf. kanyo, ki- prep., on one side, aside, by the
kano, kataa, kataza.) side, on the verge or edge, e. g. aliye
Kana, n. rudder handle, tiller, i. e. kando, haangukiwi na mti, he who
mkono wa tisukani. is on one side i* not fallen upon by
Kana, conj. See Kama. a tree. K. yetu, in our neighbour-
Kanadili, n. {ma-), a projection hood, near us. Sawasawa k., parallel.
from quarter or stern of native vessel, Weka k. (or, kando-kando) ya, put
—
used as a closet (choo), also quarter by the side of. K. zote, on all sides.
gallery. (Cf. ukingo, upande, and ukando.)

K
 —
KANGA. 130 KAPI
Kanga, v. See Kaanga. mouth
(of man, and animals in
Kanga, n. (i) kanga la mnazi, the general). K. jumbe la maneno, the
fruit stem or stalk bearing the nuts mouth is ruler of speech. (Dim.
on a cocoanut tree, when stripped of from nywa, see -nya, and cf. kinwa,
the nuts, the bare stalk, dry stem. which is usual in Z.)
(The same when growing, and with *Kanzi, n. what is kept in store,
nuts on it, utawi, cf. mnazi.) (2)
is a treasure, a hoard, also treasury,
Common speckled guinea-fowl (cf. store-room. Aweke mali kanzini,
kororo). (3) In commerce, scarf, let him put his belongings in the
piece of calico of all patterns and store-room. (Ar. Cf. tunu, ha-
colours, worn by native women and zina, and kandi, ghala, akiba.)
men. Described as lesoya upande m- Kanzu, 11. the usual outer garment
moja. (Cf. shiti, kisuto, leso, nguo.) of men in Z., a long-sleeved calico
Kangaja, n. (ma-), (1) small man- gown, reaching from the neck to
darin orange, fruit of the mkangaja ;
the ankles, usually plain white or
(2) a sea-fish, with a disagreeable yellowish-brown (huthurungi), with
smell. or without lines of silk stitch-work,
Kango, n. (ma-), a frying-pan. red or white, on the neck, wrists, and
See Kaango. front, and fastened with a small button
*Kaniki, n. commerce, blue
in or tassel at the throat. Worn over
shirtings, — a dark blue calico, worn a loincloth, often with a light doublet,
by the poorer classes commonly as or under a coloured sleeveless open
an undergarment, or at work. See waistcoat (kisibau) or a cloth cloak
,

K"guo. (joho). Worn also by women, but

*Kanisa, n. (ma-), synagogue, then shorter, of coloured and varied
temple, church. (Arab. Cf. msi- materials, and with red binding.
kiti, hekalu.) Kanzu are distinguished as ya ku-
*Kanju, n. (ma-), fruit of the ftita, plain, common, ya ziki, with
cashew tree, mkanju, —which in Z. white cotton stitching at the neck, ya
is called mbibo.See Mbibo. kazi, with ornamental stitching, and
Kano, n. (ma-), large sinew or according to material, ya bafta, ya
tendon (of animals). (Cf. mkano.) huthurungi, &c. (? Cf. Ar. kasd,
*Kantara, n. a bridge. (Arab. clothe. For parts, &c, of the kanzu
Cf. daraja, bonth, ulalo.) see badani, taharizi, sijafu, kikwapa,
*Kanuni, n. that which
regular is jabali, mhalbori, kaba, tiki, mrera,
(necessary, indispensable), a funda- kiboko, kinara, tarizi, mjusi, &c,
mental rule, a necessary condition, and for tailoring, shona, mskoni.)
a sine qua non. As adv. undoubtedly, Kao, n. (ma-), place of residence,
certainly, truly. (Ar. Cf. farathi, dwelling, habitation, commonly in —
sharti, kawaida, hakika, yakini.) the plur. makao. Also of mode or
Kanusha,v. Cs.from Kana, which act of remaining, residing, &c, situa-
see. Other forms are kanyusha and tion, position, way of living, but thus
kanisha. more often ukao, kikao. (Cf. kaa,
Kanya, v. same as Kana (which v., ukao, kikao, ukazi, makazi.)
see), refuse a proposal, give a negative *Kaoleni. See Kauli.
answer. Kaomwa, n. and Kauma, ca-
Kanyo, (ma-), denial, refusal,
n. lumba root, —mainlyprocured from
contradiction, negative answer. (Cf. East Africa. Described as the root '

kanya, kana, mkano, and syn. katao, of a creeping plant, like a sweet
katazo.) potatoe, a tonic of bitter taste (Kr.). '

Kanwa, n. (ma-), also Kanywa, Kapi, n. ( — and ma-), (1) a

,
 KAPO 131 KASHA
pulley, —
consisting of a sheave (rodd), invite to a meal (offer a seat to).
enclosed in a block (makupa). (For Tulikaribishwa vizuri, we were hos-
various sorts see Gofla, Abedari.) pitably treated. Rp. karibiana.
(2) Chaff, husks. (Cf. kumvi, (Ar. Cf. karibn, and sogea.)
wishwa, kumtnzi, macho ya mtama.) *Karibu, n. near relation, kins-
Kapo (ma-), and Kapu, a large man. Watu haw a k. zangu, these
basket (of plaited leaf-strips). See people are relations of mine. Also
Kikapo. mtu wa k., a relation. adv. and —
*Karaha, provocation, (giving)
n. (with ya and net) prep. (1) of
offence, (causing) aversion. Mambo space, near, close (to) (2) of time,
;

ya k., provocation, cause of ill-feeling, presently, shortly, lately, recently;

repulsion. (Ar. Cf. kirihi, also (3) in general, nearly, almost, about.
ekerahi, ikirahi.) Hivi k., just lately. Alikuja k., he
*Karakoli, n. and Karakoni, came near, or, he arrived recently.
prison. Not usual in (? Turkish,
Z. K. yangu, near me. Common as
introduced by Soudanese. Cf. gereza, reply to the inquiry Hodi ? i. e. Come
kifimgo. ) in, walk in, you are welcome. (Ar.
*Karama, n. (1) an honour, privi- Cf. karibia.)
lege, valuable possession, gracious *Karimu, a. and -karimu, liberal,
act, generous behaviour (2) gracious ;
openhanded, generous. Also v.
gift, esp. a gift of God in answer to See Kirimu. (Ar. Cf. karama,
prayer. (Ar. Cf. karimu and karamu, and syn. -paji.)
fbllg., and for gifts generally bak- Karipia, v. Ap. use harsh lan-
s his hi.) guage to, reprimand, scold, chide.
*Karamu, a feast, banquet, fes-
n. Ps. karipiwa. (Cf. laumu, kemea,
tive entertainment. (Ar. Cf. prec.) shutumu. The Pr. form karipa is
*Karani, n. (ma-), clerk, secretary, also used.)
amanuensis, supercargo. (Ar.) *Kariri, v. repeat, say over again
Karara, Karasia. See Kalala, and again, recite, rehearse. Ps.
Kalasia. Nt. karirika.
kaririwa. Ap.
*Karata, n. card, playing card. karir-ia, say over to (for, at, &c).
(? charta, card.) Cs. karir-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf.
*Karatasi, n. paper, a piece of syn. B. sema (soma) tena, or marra
. paper. (Ar.) ya pili, or marra nyingi).
*Karatha, n. money on loan, ad- Kasa, n. a sea turtle. (Cf.
vance, credit. K. ya fetha, a cash ngamba, kobe.)
advance. (Arab. Cf. follg.) *Kasa, adv. also Kassa, less, less
*Karathi, v. and Karithi, (1) by, short by, usually in connexion with
lend money, esp. make an advance 7-obo, themuni, or similar words, e. g.
for commercial purposes, accommo- rupia mbili k. themuni, two rupees
date with money or goods; (2) also less four annas saa sit a k. robo, a
;

as Cs. borrow, get an advance. quarter to twelve o'clock (lit. six hours
Ps. karat hiwa. (Ar. Cf. prec. less a quarter). K. robo, three quar-
and the commoner kopa, kopesha, ters (of a dollar), one rupee and
and azimu.) a half. (Ar. Cf. kasiri, n. and
*Karibia, v. Ap. come near (to), kasoro.) '*
go near (to), approach, move close *Kasarani, Kasasi, n. See Ki-
to, enter. Ps. karibiwa. Cs. sirani, Kisasi.
karib-isha, -ishwa, bring near, move *Kasha, n. (ma-), box, chest, cup-
close, invite as guest, welcome, en- board, packing case. Kasha la fetha,
tertain. Karibisha chakula (kiti), (1) a silver box; (2) a moneybox,
K 2
 KASHABU 132 KATA
safe. (Cf. sanduku, bweta, — also alasiri. As
adv. less. K.ya, k. kuliko,
Ital. cassa, Fr. caisse.) less than. (Arab., seldom heard.
*Kashabu, n. a wooden rod, which Cf. kasa, kasoro, and the commoner
draws the threads of the web apart hatima, mwisho?)
in native weaving. (? Ar. Cf. *Kaskazi, n. (1) northerly wind,
mfumo fuma.)
,
north monsoon. K. inavuma, the
*Kashifu, v. (i) reveal, disclose; north wind is blowing. Cf. kusi,
(2) show up, discredit, disparage, tell south wind, and upepo. (2) Season of
stories of, slander. Ps. kashifiwa. the north monsoon, i.e. December to
(Ar. for more usual chongea, singizia, March, the hottest part of the year in
&c.) Zanzibar, i. e. wakati wa jasho na
Kasia, n. (ma-), Piga kukausha miti, also called musimu,
an oar.
(vutd) k., row. (Cf. kaji, a paddle.) and sometimes chaka (3) northerly ;

*Kasiba, n. barrel (of a gun). direction, the north. Also called

Mdomo kama k., small round mouth, Kibula Kibla. Kaskazini, in the
—a point of beauty. (Ar. '
reed.' north, northwards. (Cf. shemali,
Cf. mwanzi, mdomo?) the Ar. word for 'north,' and_/atf.)
*Kasidi, n. Also Kusudi, which *Kasoro, adv. less (by), short (by).
see. (Ar.) Kasoro nussu, less by a half. Some-
*Kasiki,
earthen jar (for
n. ( — , and ma-),
water, ghee,
large
treacle,
times as n., defect, blemish.
kasr. Cf. kasa, kasiri?)
(Ar.

&c). (Cf. balasi, which is larger.) *Kassa, adv. See Kasa.

Kasimele, n. cocoanut cream, the *Kassi, adv. of intensity, used with
thick oily juice squeezed from the verbs, much, very, with energy (vehe-
grated nut by a strainer, before any mence, violence, &c), e.g. enda k.,
water is mixed with it, i. e. maji ya go with force, go quickly. Mto
nazi yaliyokamuliwa ??ibele katika tinapita k., the river runs quickly,
—
kifumbu, also called tui la kasi- has a strong current. Also as a
mele, or tui halisi. The same nut, noun, Ha {piga) k., apply force,
when mixed with water and strained tighten. Sokota kwa k. twist forcibly. ,

again, produces tui la nyuma, tui la (Prob. Ar. ? Cf. kiasi, or kaza, kazi.)
kupopolea, a white milky fluid. See *Kastabini, n. a thimble. (Per-
Tui. sian, for more common subana.)
*Kasiri, v. cause to be angry, vex, *Kasumba, n. opium. (Hind.
provoke. Hayo ndiyo maneno yali- Cf. syn. Ar. afiuni.)
yokukasiri, these are the words which *Kata, v. ( 1) cut, cut cut away,
off,

annoyed you. Sultani alimkasiri cut short, cut up, or in pieces (2) ;

mkewe, the Sultan vexed his wife. fig. divide, reduce, bring to an end,

But the Cs. is more common in this decide, frustrate. The noun follow-
sense (see below). Ps. kasiriwa. ing may define the thing cut, the
Nt. kasirika, be angry, be excited, nature of the cutting, the effect
whence kasirik-ia, -iwa, be angry produced, or the instrument used.
with. Ap. kasir-ia, -iwa. Cs. K. miti, cut down trees. K. maji,
kasir-isha, -ishwa, enrage, provoke, go up stream. K. kisu (or kiua
exasperate, stir up violent feeling in, kisu), cut with a knife. K. nguo,
incite, inflame. Rp. kasiri-ana. cut calico, often in the sense ' buy
(? Ar. Cf. hasira, and syn. ghathabu, a piece of calico, order a new dress
uchungu. Dist. hasara, hasiri and or suit. K. nakshi, carve (in wood or
also kasiri, n.) stone). K.pesa, reduce (or, withhold)
*Kasiri, n. end. Alasiri k., late a sum due. K. maneno, conclude
afternoon, 5 p.m., i. e. mwisho wa (break off, decide, settle) a discussion.
 —
KATA 133 KATANI
K. hukwnu, decide a give sen-
suit, *Kata, n. also Kataa, a cutting,
tence. K
tamaa, bring hopes to an piece, part, portion, section, fraction,
end, despair, despond, be desperate. not of a literal cut or cutting, but fig.,
K. kiu, quench thirst. K. shanri, e. g. {a) part of a house, k.ya nyitmba,
frustrate a plan. Ps. kattva, im- a room, an apartment, one of the
plying an agent, as present or promi- screened-off divisions in a native hut,
nent in the mind. Nt. katika, in or k. ya chnmba, an alcove, recess,
which the fact rather than the agency part of a room (b) k. ya kitabu, ;

is in view, e.g. huknmu imekatwa, part of a book, section, leaf, page

the judge has decided the case. Htc- (cf.juzu, tikarasd) also of a country, ;

kumu imekatika, a verdict has been quarter, district,' k. ya inchi (? cf.

'

given. Kusi imekatika, the south 7ntaa, kitad) lengths of rope,

;
(c)
wind is coming to an end. Hence, string, &c,
as sold in shops,
silk,
katik-ia, -iwa, be cut off, &c. at i. e. hank, skein, coil. (Ar. Cf.
(for. in, &c), e.g. muhogo ulikatikia kata, v., and kato, mkato, &c.)
mnmo, the cassava broke off where it Kata, n. (ma-),(i) a ladle, dipper,
stood. Ugwe hukatikia pemba?7iba, scoop, used for drinking, or dipping
cord breaks at the thinnest part. water from a hole, usually a cocoa- —
Also katikana, be capable of being nut shell, with one end cut off, and fixed
cut, &c, be possibly cut. Ap. to the end of a stick. (Cf. upcwa.)
kat-ia, -iwa, -iana, cut at (into, off (2) A round pad, usually of leaves,
from, a part of, &c), e.g. katia grass, or a folded strip of cloth, worn
hesabu, cut off from (deduct from) on the head when carrying a load,
an account. Katia mti, cut a piece water-jar, &c. Dist. mkata, tikata.)
(

from, chop at, make a cut in (not, Kataa, v. refuse, reject, decline,
cut down). Katia njia, cut into say '
no.' Ps. kataliwa. Nt. kata-
(strike on) a road. Ni kiasi changu lika. Ap. kata-lia, -liwa, -liana,
kama nalikatiwa mimi, it fits me e. g. refuse, refuse credence to, de-
exactly, just as if it was made for me cline acceptance from, say ' no ' to,
(or, I had been measured for it). &c. Cs. kata-za, -zwa, -zana,
Tulikathva maneno, we have had prohibit, forbid, deter, cause to re-
our matter settled. Katiana, settle fuse, refuse peremptorily, &c. Also
accounts together, strike a balance, kata-zia, -ziwa, prohibit to (from,
i. e. by striking out items on both by, &c). (Cf. katazo, kana, go-
sides. Cs. kat-iza, -izwa, -izia, mbeza, dakiza, teta, marufuku.)
-iziwa, -izana, cause to cut (be cut, *Kataa, a. final, decisive, con-
&c), or Intens. cut (end, decide) clusive. Neno hili k., this state-
abruptly (vigorously, sharply, &c). ment is decisive. (Ar. Cf. kata,
Katiza 7?ianeno, break off (interrupt, mkataa.)
stop, apply closure to) a discussion. *Katabahu, lit. he wrote it,

Walikatiziwa vyakttla, their sup- usually at the end of with letters,

plies were deliberately stopped. Rp. the name of the writer, and some-
kataiia, e.g. wanakatana kwa visit, times bijedihi, by the hand of.
they are fighting with knives. Also (Arab. Cf. kitabn, mkataba.)
Rf. jikata, jikatia, jikatiza, &c, *Katani, n. also Kitani, flax,
and Rd. of emphasis, katakata, cut and what is made from it, linen,
to pieces, make mincemeat of. (Ar. string, strong thread, twine. Uzi
Cf. mkata, mkato, kato, kata, mkatizo, tua k., thread made of flax or hemp,
mkate, mkataa, and follg. Also syn. as dist. from uzi wa patnba, cotton
tema, chanja, flastca, chonga, choma, thread. (Ar. Cf. uzi, ugwe, kigwe,
viinja, maliza.) kamba.)
 KATAZO 134 KAURI
Katazo, n. (ma-), prohibition, following indicates a single idea or
contradiction, objection. (Cf. kataa, object. Kufika katika kwa mfalme,
and syn. kindano, dakizo, teto.) to arrive in the king's court or
*Kathalika, adv. in like manner, presence. (Cf. kati, and the equally
likewise, similarly, in the same way. common kwa.)
(Ar. Cf. aitha, thamma, and follg., Katikati, adv. and (with ya) prep.
and syn. B. vile vile, vivyo kivyo.) See Kati.
*Kathawakath,a, a. and adv., thus *Katili, n. a murderous person, a
and thus, and so on, et caetera, many bloodthirsty man, a ruffian. (Arab.
other such, many more. Watu k., Cf. syn. B. mwuaji.)
lots of people. (Ar. Cf. kathalika.) *Kato, n. (ma-), a cutting, frag-
*Kathi, n. (ma-), judge, —
the ment, thing cut or broken off. (Cf.
official term, magistrate appointed by kata, mkato.)
the Sultan to decide questions of law. *Katu, n. a kind of gum, imported
(Ar. hakimu, and mwamuzi.)
Cf. to Z., and sold in small dark -red
Kati, adv. and (with ya) prep., lumps chiefly for chewing with betel.
among, between, inside, in the middle See Tambuu, Uraibu.
of, amidst, surrounded by. K. ya Katua, v. polish, brighten, clean
nyumba, in the middle of the house. by rubbing. K. bundnki, clean rust,
Kata k., cut asunder (through the &c. off a gun. Ps. katuliwa.
middle). Also as n., the middle, Nt. katuka. Ap. katulia. Majifu
the centre, and -a kati, central, ya kukatulia visu, ashes to clean
middle wakati wa k., the inter-
; knives with.
vening period, interval; pa k., the Kauka, v. become dry, dry up, be
centre. Sometimes redupl. katikati parched. Inchi imekauka, the earth
(yd), between, among, in the very is parched. Sauti hnemkauka, his
•middle (of), also kati na kati. (Cf. voice is dried up, he is hoarse. Ap.
katika, prep.) kauk-ia, -iwa. Sakafu imekaukia
*Katiba, n. ordinance, custom, na- maji, the water has dried off the roof.
tural (or original) constitution, des- Cs. kau-sha, -shwa, dry, cause to dry
tiny, doom, —
from the idea of binding up, parch. (Cf. -kavu, yabis, and
and permanent force of Mahommedan of drying clothes by exposure to sun
law as written in the Coran. (Ar. and air, am'ka.)
Cf. follg.) *Kauli,n. (i) sentence, expression;
Katibu, a writer, scribe, amanu-
n. (2) expressed opinion, narrative, ac-
ensis, clerk. (Cf. karani, mwandi- count. K. tatu zilizosemwa, three
shi, katabahu.) —
v. write,— seldom accounts were given. Tufnase k. ya
used, e.g. in Rp. tukatibiane, let us waalimu xvetu, let us follow the
draw up a written contract. (Cf. opinion of our teachers. K. He ika-
mkataba, kit aba, kitaba, and com- muthi, the expression vexed him.
mon syn. andika.) (Ar. for the common neno. Cf. ka-
Katika, prep, among, in, whether lima and kauleni, double tongued,
(a) of place, —
in, at, to, towards, into, untrustworthy, i. e. a man of two
from (in), out of, away from ;
(b) stories.)
of time, — during; (c) in general,
in, at, Kauma, n. calumba root. See
— in, engaged in, to, in the direction of, Kaomwa.
from (d) in the matter of, in refer-
;
*Kauri, n.a cowry ("shell). For
ence to, concerning, as to, about. various kinds cf. dondo, ktdulu, kete.

Very common in all senses. In local Kauri is also used to describe china,
use, equivalent to -ni. Sometimes vitu vya kauri, as opp. to earthen-
with k%va } when kwa with the word ware, vitu vya udongo.
 ;
;

-KAVTT 135 »KE

-kavu, a. {kavu with D 4 (P), Kayamba, n. (1) a sieve; (2) a
D 5 (S), D 6), also -kafu, (1) dry, rattle —
resembling a sieve, dry grain
parched, waterless, barren. Inchi k., shaken inside a flat case of reeds.
dry land, terra fiwna, as opp. to Kaza, v. (1) fix, make fast, fasten,
bahari, sea. Kuni k., dry firewood. tighten; (2) grip, hold tight, fit
Nguo k., dry clothes. Prov. maji tightly; (3) use force (in), exert
mafu, mvuvi mkafu, atneap tides the energy, act with a will, emphasize,
fisherman gets little. (2) Dry, humor- accentuate. K. kamba, make a rope
.ous, satirical, amusing. Mtu mkavu, fast. K. mbio, run hard. K. kuimba,
a witty person. Maneno' makavu, sing with a will. Nguo ya kukaza,
witticisms. Brave, fearless, un- tight clothes.
(3) Ps. kazwa. Nt.
concerned. Cf. the phrase -kavu wa kazika. Ap. kaz-ia, -iwa, e. g.
macho, -enyi macho makavu, of a kazia macho, rivet the gaze upon.
nonchalant, intrepid, dauntless look. Cs. kaz-isha, -ishwa. Rp. kazana,
(Cf. kauka.) (1) hold each other, make a mutual
Kawa, v. be delayed, tarry, linger, effort (2) hold together, be compact,
;

delay, loiter, take a long time, be be firm (stiff, hard). Kazana na,
behind time, be late. Ap. I iwia, adhere to, stick to. (Cf. kazi,
same as kawa also kawilia, delay for kazo, mkazo, and perh. kaa, v. Also
;

(on account of, at, about, &c), and similar Ar. words denoting effort,
so kaw-ilisha, -ilishwa, cause to work, firmness.)
delay, keep back, make late. Cs. Kazi, n. (1) work, labour, em-
kaw-isha, -ishwa, put off, make stand ployment, occupation, profession,
over, adjourn, e.g. kawisha kodi, get business, function, a job; (2) hard
in arrears for rent. (Cf. usiri, work, toil, strain, effort, exertion
ahiri, chelewa, and ? cf. kaa.) (3) normal action, regular duty,
Kawa, n. ( —
and of size ma-), routine. Mchezo huo ni k. burre, a
,

(1) a dish cover, conical in shape, game like that is labour thrown away,
made of plaited grass. Sahani isiyo —
a native view of athletics. A"dio
na k., a dish without a cover. Tuli- k.yake, that is what he always does,
ngane sawa sawa, kama sahani nak., or, he is responsible for it. Fanya
let us suit each other (i.e. agree;, like (tenda) k., work, be a labourer.
a dish and its cover. (2) Mildew, Nguo hii ni k. ya Wahindi, this stuff
mould (Str.). is made by Hindoos. K. ya maka-
*Kawadi, n. (ma-), a procurer. taa, contract work, task work. (Cf.
(Arab.) kaza.)
*Kawaida, n. also Kazo, n. pressing tight, holding
Kaida, regu-
lative fundamental rule, hard, grip. Also as a. -kazo, tight.
principle,
usage, custom, system, and so pattern, (Cf. kaza, mkazo.)
'

standard, maxim.' K. kama sheria, Kazoakazoa, n. a term of abuse

customary usage is like law. Hatuna (perh. from zoa and ka-, which see),
k. ya kuja mtu, we are not used to i.e. wretched gutter-scraper.
a person coming, we do not allow it. -ke, a. (1) (also -a kike,jike), of
(Ar. Cf. desturi, kanuni.) the female sex, female, feminine
Kawe, n. a very small stone, dim. (2") like a woman, timid, stupid.
of jiwe, kijiwe. {0,1. jiwe, mbwe, Mke (PI. wake\ mtu mke (PI. watu
and ka-.) wake), mtu wa kike (PI. watte wa
Kawia, Kawilia, Kawisha, &c. kike), and most commonly mwana
See Kawa. mke (PI. waana wake, or waanake),
Kaya, n. (ma-), a kind of shell- are all used of 'woman' generally, in
fish. respect of sex simply. In relation to
 KEFU 136 EERIMU
the male sex, mke has the definite lence (Cf. chub! huss! bun! nya-
!

meaning 'wife, married woman,' and maza ! (or, Plur., nyamazeni!

is then clearly distinguished from kimya ! Also cf. ukelele, kikelele.)
mwanamke, which denotes an irregu- *Kem, interrog. adv. How much ?
lar connexion, e. g. mkewe waziri ali- How many ? e. g. in inquiring price,
kuwa mwanajnke wake Abunuwasi, kem ? wauzaje ? kiasi gani ? all —
the wife was Abunuwasi's para-
vizir's meaning How much ?
' (Arab. '

mour. Mke ni nguo, a wife means Cf. kima.)

(the cost of her) dress. Wake, as Kemea, rebuke, speak
v. scold,
a noun, plur. of mke, often takes for loudly (roughly) to, snub. Ps.
distinctness pronouns of the form in kemewa. (Cf. karipia, laumu,
z-, i.e. wake zake', his wives, rather nenea, ambilia.)
than wake wake. Watoto waanake, Kenda, n. and a., nine. -a
or wa kike, girls. Batajike, a female kenda, ninth. (Cf. syn. Ar. tissia,
duck. Moyo wa kike, a womanly tissa, equally common.)
(i.e. usually 'timid, stupid') character. Kenda, v. for kaenda, he has
(Cf. jike, kike, hike, tike, and opp. gone. See Ka-. Also for Infin.
-ume.) kwenda, e.g. kendapi? for kwenda
Kefu, int. also Kefule, expressing wapi ? a general inquiry Where are
disgusted surprise, indignation, aver- you (he, they, &c.) going ?
sion. K. mimi killa siku, think of Kenge, n. a large water-lizard,
me (being so treated) every day. common in Z. (For other kinds
Miu ha??ifanyizii hiana mtu asio- cf. mjusi, gurtigurti.)
amini, kefu aliomwamini, a man Kengee, n. andUkengee, the flat
does not act treacherously towards one part of a cutting instrument, blade of
he distrusts, much less one he trusts. knife, sword, spearhead, &c. (Cf.
Kefya-kefya, v. tease, annoy, nag bapa, and contr. makali, edge, and
at, depress, discourage, put out of kipini, handle, of such instruments.)
heart. (Cf. sumbua, tesa, chokoza, Kengele, n. ( , and of size ma-), —
uthi.) a bell. Piga k., ring a bell, ring.
Keke, n. a drilling tool, a drill, (Cf. njuga.)
consisting of a steel bit (kekee), fitted Kera, v. worry, tease, annoy, vex.
into a wooden handle (msuka, m- (Cf. kero, and syn. kefya-kefya, su-
sukano), which is turned in a wooden mbua, tesa.)
socket (jivu) by a bow and string Kereketa, n. cause an irritating
(tit a). Described generally as ki- sensation, esp. in tongue or throat,
dude cha kuzulia mti, a tool for bor- have a rough taste, cause a choking
ing wood. feeling. Roho yangu yanikereketa
Kekee, n. (i) a boring tool, see kwa sababu ya kula timibako, my
Keke ; (2) a kind of silver bracelet, throat is irritated from chewing to-
usually broad and flat, fastened by a bacco. Tumbako
yanikereketa, the
clasp or bolt. (Cf. kikuku, bana- tobacco has a harsh taste to me.
giri, and urembo.) (Cf. syn. was ha.)
Kekevu, n. hiccup. (Cf. kikeu- Kereza, v. (1) saw into, cut into
keu, and more
usu. in Z. kwikwi.) with a saw (rasp, file, &c), make
Kelele, n. (ma-), a shout, shout- a cut or notch in (2) cut in a lathe,
;

ing, uproar, noise. Piga k., shout, turn. Zikerezwazo, turned articles,
give a shout. Nena kwa k., or, turnery. (Cf. follg.)
kikelele, make a loud remark. Ma- Kerezo, n. also Keezo, a ma-
kelele, as an int. ordering silence, chine for turning, a lathe.
i. e. Too much noise ! Be quiet ! Si- *Kerimu, v. See Kirimu.
 —
KEKING'ENDE 137 KI-
Kering'ende, n. Kh-. Many Swahili words are
(i) a kind of
dragon-fly; (2) a taken from Arabic originals begin-
red-legged part-
ridge (Str.) (3) ? a cricket.
;
ning with the sound of Kh-. These
Kero, n. trouble, annoyance, dis- will be found under H
in this Diction-
turbance, vexatious conduct. (Cf. ary, representing the simple aspirate
kera, and syn. ghasia, masumbtto, to which they all become assimilated
uthia.) in proportion as they become natural-
Kesha, v. remain awake, keep ized among Africans. On the other
awake, stay up at night, not to sleep, hand, the Kh sound is often more or
watch, keep watch. Ngoma ya vi- less retained by persons imitating
jana haikeshi, a children's dance or influenced by Arabic pronuncia-
does not last all night. Kesha tion. Some of these words are :
—
kucha, stay awake till the morning. khabari, khadaa, khadimu, khajifu,
Ap. kesh-ea, -ewa, stay up for, keep khaini, khaliftc, khatnsi (and deri-
night watch with, nurse all night. vatives), khara, kharadali, khatari,
Cs. kesh-esha, -eshwa, -eza, -ezwa, khati, khatia, khalima, khazina,
keep a person awake. Rp. keshana, khema, kheri, kheza, khorji, khofu,
remain awake together. (Cf. khubiri, khutuba.
kesha, n. and kesho, and syn. keti *Khoja, n. a member of one of
na macho, kaa macho.') the two chief sects of Mahommedan
Kesha, n. night watch, vigil. Hindoos in Zanzibar, the other
Nna k. yangu usiku kucha, I have being Bohora, which see. (Hind.)
my watch all night long. Siku ya Ki, verb-form, (it) is, agreeing
k. ya mwisho, the last night of a with D
3 (S), e. g. kiti hiki ki gha/i,
formal mourning (matanga). (Cf. this chair is expensive.
kesha, v., kesho, and dist. kesha for Ki-, as an initial syllable, is in far
kaisha, he has finished.) the greater number of words a forma-
Kesho, n. and adv., to-morrow, tive prefix, and one of the commonest
the next day, the day after. K
formatives in the Swahili language,
kzichwa, the day after to-morrow. so common that no attempt is made
K. yake, the following day. Ku- here to enumerate all the words be-
shinda kesho ktichwa, the third day ginning or regularly formed with ki-.
(also called mtondo). Words not found under ki- may
Kete, n. (1) a small kind of be looked for (1) under the letter
cowry. Also a game played with immediately following ki-, or (2)
these shells. Meno kama k., teeth under Ch-, since ki- usually (though
like cowries, —
a point of beauty. not always) becomes ch- before a
(Cf. kauri.) (2) {ma-), a string (of vowel (e. g. chungu for ki-tmgu, but
beads, &c). Two makete = one kiitngo, not chungo), and moreover
timba ; ten makete = five timba = ki- in any word is often heard pro-
one/undo. (? Cf. kata, n.) nounced chi- among the lower classes
Keti, v. (1) (in poet, keleti), sit in Zanzibar. Ki as a formative
down, take a seat (2) dwell, live, prefix is used (1) with verb-stems, to
;

remain, stay, reside. Tafathali form verbal nouns denoting usually

uketi, please take a seat (cf. kaa some concrete embodiment or special
kitako, meaning strictly, squat in the manifestation &f the root-idea of a
native way). Ps. ketiwa. Ap. non-personal kind. (Contrast the
ket-ia, -iwa, e. g. kidude cha kuketia, characteristic use of u- in forming
something to sit upon. Cs. keti- abstract, and of m- in forming per-
sha, -shiva, e.g. cause to remain, keep, sonal derivative nouns.) When ki is
preserve. (Cf. kiti, and syn. kaa.) prefixed, the verb-stem [a) may re-
 . XI-
tain its final -a. In this case, which
is not common, the verbal noun is
often followed by another noun de-
pending directly on it, e. g. kipa
mkono, kifungua mlango (denoting
presents given on special occasions),
also kifa uwongo, and cf. kinywa,
mouth, kidonda, kifaa. ib) Changes
final a to o, si, zi, or is followed
by -ji, e. g. kitendo, kifungo, kituo,
kicheko, kiongozi, kikohozi, kinywaji,
kipaji. Obs. also kiunibe, and chum-
ba. This form (ki- with a verbal root
and termination -o) is not only com-
mon, but may practically be formed
at pleasure from any suitable root.
In some cases the word becomes
specialized and limited in meaning
(e. g. kifuo, a stake used for husking
cocoanuts), but seldom loses alto-
gether the power of including any
of the following meanings, act, pro- — he talks in a foreign way, like a
cess, time, place, method, instrument,
instance or case, i. e. some particular
embodiment of the idea conveyed by
the root. Instances of all kinds fol-
low in their place in the Dictionary,
e. g. kiango, limited to a kind of
lamp-stand kicko including a feeling
; When used independently, this form
of fear, and an object feared ; kipendo,
meaning love, but strictly loving in
connexion with some occasion or
particular case either of the feeling
or of the object kikao, kifungo, with
; kipofu, kilema, &c, commonly used
a wide range of meanings. Ki- is
also used with other than verb-roots
with the same general (concrete non-
personal) meaning, e.g. kitu as
comp. with mtti, kivuli with mvuli
and uvuli, and even with reference to
persons in such words as kizee, kipofu,
kizixvi,kibeti, but see below (3). (2)
To form diminutives with noun-stems,
and as such may be used before any
suitable noun whatever, often dis-
placing an initial m
or u, e. g. ki-
toto, kipande, kivuli, and sometimes
followed by a ji- or /-, especi-
ally with monosyllabic roots, e. g.
kijiti, kijibwa,kijiji, kijana,kijumba,
kijineno. Obs. that ki- may convey
138 XI-
the idea, not only (a) of relative small-
ness, but (b) of relative unimportance,
e. g. kishughuli, a small trifling
business of endearment, e. g.kipenzi,
;
darling and of secrecy or contempt,
;
e. g. kisHauri, a plot, kijtanbe, a
secret (or private) messenger, kijitu,
a mannikin. Obs. that relative degrees
of size may be conveyed in the case
of some words by placing them in
different declensions, D 3, D 5, orD 6,
e. g. kipete, a small ring pete, a ring
;
of ordinary size; pete (pi. mapete),
a large ring. (3) With noun -stems
and adjectives, to give them an ad-
verbial use, and also a peculiar use as
nouns, denoting the sort or kind
which the noun itself expresses.
E. g. amevaa kizungu, he is dressed
in European fashion ; alilia kisimba,
he roared like a lion asema kigeni,
;
stranger. Kaa kitako, sit on the
haunches. Kiti cha kifalme, a royal
throne. Mambo ya kisasa, modern
ways. Vitu vya kikale, antiquated,
old-fashioned things (but vitu vya
kale, antiquities, ancient things).
often denotes the language of a place
or country, e. g. kiunguja, the lan-
guage of Zanzibar. To this use may
also be referred words like kizee,
of persons, but meaning one of the '
old generation, one of the blind sort,'
&c, and perhaps kinyozi, kiongozi
(see above (1)). Ki is also used as
follows: — (1) as the pfx. of all ad-
jectives and verbs (both subjective
and objective) corresponding to D 3
(S), e. g. kitu kiki changu kizuri
chakipendenza kitoto kile, this pretty
thing of mine pleases that little child.
(2) In verbs, ki is (a) the character-
istic of the Pres. Partic. corresponding
to the Eng. Partic. in -ing, and may
be translated according to the con-
text by such words as, if, supposing,
'
as, when, while, though, &c.' Obs.
that niki- in this use is often con-
 —
KIA 139 KIBABA
tracted into hi, as nika- into ha. (b) mkate, cha sindano, cha mibano, cha
Sometimes inserted before the root in mchele, cha kibao, &c. (Cf. apa,
Past Tense to denote an imperfect, uapo, apiza, also yamini, zurit.)
or continuing action or state, e. g. Kiarabu, n. and adv., the Arabic
alipokisema, while he was still talk- language, something of the Arabic
ing; alikingoja, he was waiting. kind, in the Arab way. (Cf.
(c) Sometimes used for ka as a con- Mwarabu, and ki-.)
nective particle in narrative. So Kiasi, n. (vi-) and adv., also
strongly is the ki- sound identified Kassi, (i) measure, quantity, amount
with its use as a prefix in Swahili, (cf. kadiri, kipimo) (2) moderation,
;

that even when it belongs to the root, self-control, temperance (cf. kadiri,
as esp. in words of Arabic origin, it is kujizuia) ; (3) a little, a small
constantly treated as a pfx., and (moderate) amount (cf. kidogo) (4) ;

changed to vi- in the Plur. of such the charge of a gun, cartridge.

nouns, e. g. in the case of kitabu, Common in inquiring price, K.gani ?
and others.
kiasi, kilele, kiberiti, How much ? What is the price ?
Kia, n. (via), door bar. (Cf. ki- Mtu wa k., a temperate person, a
wi, pingo, komeo.) Also as v., step man of moderation. Alimpa k., he
over. (Seldom in Z. Cf. kiuka, gave him a little. As adv. of
chupa.) quantity, time, or space, — 'a little,'

*Kiada, adv. in an orderly, dis- e.g.neno hili limeanzak., this business

tinct, intelligible way. Sema k., began sometime ago. Alikwendak.,
speak slowly and distinctly. Nieleze he went a little way. (Ar., the
k., explain to me distinctly. (Ar.) radical ki being treated as formative,
Kialio, n. (vi-), stick laid across as in kitabu, &c. See Ki, and cf.
the bottom of a cooking pot inside, kidogo.)
to prevent what is cooked from being Kiatu, n. (vi-) native shoe, sandal,
,

burnt. Dim. of walio, or perh. for — and used of any kind known in Z.
kilalio. (Cf. tdalo, lala. K. cha ngozi, leather sandal, flat
Kiambaza, n. See Kiwambaza. sole with cross strap and small thong
Kianga, n. (vi-), and sometimes (gidamu) between the toes. (Cf. ku-
Kiangazi, a burst of sunshine, ray of bazi.) K. cha mti, a kind of wooden
light, reflected brightness, interval of clog, worn indoors, and held on by
brightness, or fine weather. (Cf. a peg (msuruaki) between the toes.
anga,.mwanga, angalia, &c.) Known as mtalawanda, from the
Kiango, n. (vi-), a small sus- wood used. K. cha kihindi (kizungu),
pended stand, carrier, or support (for Indian (European) shoe. Mshona
a lamp, &c). Dim. of mwango. viatu, or mshoni wa viatu, a shoe-
(Cf. anga, angika, and chango, a peg.) maker.
Kiapo, n. (vi-), an oath, an ordeal, Kiazi, n. (vi-), a sweet potatoe,
a trial by oath or ordeal, a thing root of a kind of convolvulus.
sworn by, or used in ordeal. Fanya Different kinds are known as kiazi
(piga, shika) k., take an oath. Tilia sena (white), k. kindoro (red). K.
(pigisha) k., an oath.
administer cha kizungu, the common (European)
Kula to submit to an ordeal.
k., potatoe. K. kikuu, yam, also k. —
Kama husadiki, tide kiapo, if you do manga.
not believe, let us try ordeal. Viapo Kibaba, n. (vi-), (1) a common
thabiti, binding oaths. Peleka kia- dry measure, about a pint basin full,
poni, compel to swear, require to or a pound and a half of grain. A
undergo an ordeal. Various kinds kibaba is half a kisaga, and a quarter
of ordeal are kiapo cha moto, cha of a. pishi. K. cha tele, a full, heaped
 KIBAKULI 140 KIBONDE
up measure. K. cha mfuto, a measure strike a match. Rusha viberiti, let
full to top only. (2) Dim. of baba. off fireworks. (Ar. CLfataki.)
*Kibakuli, n. (vi-), small basin. Kibete, undersized crea-
n. (vi-),
Also a kind of millet (mtama). ture (man, beast, bird), a dwarf, a
(Ar. Cf. bakuli, and chungtt.) bantam, &c. (Cf. mbilikimo.)
*Kibali,n. also Ikibali, Ukubali, Kibia, n. (vi-), a small cooking
acceptance, sanction, favour, assent. pot or pan, or its lid, an earthenware
(Ar. Cf. kubali, and syn. urathi, cover. Seldom in Z. (Cf. bia, and
it hint.). chungn.)
Kibanda,n.(z7-), small hut, hovel, Kibibi, n. (1) dim. of bibi, a little
shed, workshop, —
usu. covered, and lady; (2) cramp (cf. kiharusi). Mguu
open at the sides. Dim. of banda. wangle timefanya kibibi, I have cramp
Kibano, n. {vi-), small forceps, in the leg. (3) A name for the pea-
split stick (for holding fish, &c. over cock itausi).
a fire to roast). (Cf. follg.) n. mode of securing: the
Kibindo.
Kibanzi, n. (vi-) round
and Kibanji,
loincloth the waist, by —
splinter, chip. K. cha tikuni chali- crossing the two upper (opposite)
ruka, a chip from the firewood flew corners, and folding them back under
up. Vibanzi vya shoka, chips made the cloth itself. This is described as
by an axe. (Cf. banzi, bana, ki- piga (fnnga, kaza) kibindo. Futika
bano.) kibindoni, tuck into the fold of the
Kibao, n. See Kibau. waistcloth. (?Cf. kipindo, pinda,
Kibapara, n. (vi-), a pauper, des- pindo, npindo, and dist. nbinda,
titute person.Used in contempt. uwinda.)
(Cf. bupuru, an empty shell, and syn. Kibinja, n. (vi-), a whistle (in-
maskini, fukara.) strument). (Cf. zibinja.)
Kibara, n. dim. of bara, a small Kibiongo, n. (vi-), a person bent
wilderness, a small patch of waste by age or infirmity, bowed, round-
land, &c. See Bara. • shouldered (Str.). (Cf. jongo, ma-
Kibarango, n. dim. of mbarango, ong-o.)
a short thick stick, cudgel, club. *Kibla, n. north. See Kibula.
Also of a stumpy, thick-set person. (Ar. Cf. kabili.)
(Cf. bakora for different kinds of Kibobwe, n. (vi-), a broad strip of
stick.) calico, wound tightly round the
*Kibaraza, n. small seat, bench. waist for support during work or
See Baraza. exercise, esp. by women.
*Kibarua, n. (vi-), (1) a small Kibofu, n. (vi-), a bladder.
written note, letter, ticket. Hence Kibogoshi, n. (vi-), a small bag
commonly a day labourer of any made of a skin, a leather bag, used
(2)
kind, —
from the ticket on presentation to carry miscellaneous articles on a
of which each is paid. Dim. of journey, money, powder, &c.
bartia, which see. Kibogoyo, n. a person who is
Kibata, n. dim. of (1) mbata, toothless, or has but few teeth.
which see ; (2) bata, i.e. a duckling. (Cf. jino.)
Kibau, n. (vi-), a small board, Kiboko, n. (vi-), a hippopotamus,
shelf, &c.K. cha kuezekea, roofing also Boko. Viboko vya shingo, small
shingle. Dim. of ubau, which see. zigzag ornament embroidered in silk
Kibawa, n. (vi-), little wing, small on a kanzu round the neck. See
feather, fin. Dim. oibawa, zibawa. Kanzu.
*Kiberiti, n. (vi-), sulphur, a Kibonde, n. (vi-), trench, deep
match, a firework. Washa kiberiti, furrow, hollow between ridges. Dim.
 KIBTJA 141 KICHOCHEO
of bonde. Kibondebonde, uneven, Kichaka, small clump of
n. (vi-),
undulating, rolling country. trees, thicket, clump
(or, heap) of
Kibua, n. (vi-), a small kind of brushwood, bundle of sticks. Dim.
fish. of chaka.
*Kibula, n. also Kibula, and Kichala, n. (vi-), bunch, cluster
Kibla, Kebla, the direction of of fruit. K. chajnzabibu, a bunch
Mecca, the point to which Mahom- of grapes. (Cf. uchala, chana,
medans turn in prayer, — in Zanzibar, tana.)
the north. (Ar. Cf. kabili, and Kichalichali, adv. on the back,
kaskazi.) — of a supine position,
i. e. mgongoni.

Kibumba, n. (vi-) , also Kipumba, See Chali.

small packet, parcel, bunch, lump, Kichane, n. (vi-), small splinter
cluster, e.g. of earth, tobacco, thread, of wood. See Chana, v.
flour. Dim. of bnmba. Also adv., Kiehangam'ko, n. (vi-), display
in lumps, in bunches, &c. of gaiety, joyous outburst. (Cf.
Kibungu, n. (vi-), small earthen- changam ka.)
ware dish. Dim. of bangu. See Kicheche,n. (z'z'-),dim. of cheche,
Chtmgu. which see.
Kibunzi, n. (vi-), a sanded board, Kichego, n. also Kigego and Ki-
used for predicting future events. jego (which see).
(Cf. ramli.) Kicheko, n. (vi-), a laugh, smile,
*Kiburi, n. pride, arrogance, con- giggle, grin. (Cf. cheka, cheko.)
ceit, haughtiness. Piga (fanya) k., Kichembe, n. (vi-), (1) dim. of
show off, be ostentatious, play the chembe, which see. Kichembe cha
grandee. Mtu asiye na k. na watu, moyo,
the pit of the stomach. Also
one whodoes not treat people in a (2) for kitembe, which see.
discourteous (contemptuous, off-hand) Kicbikichi, n. (vi-), small nut or
way. ( Ar. Cf. takabari, and piga kernel contained in the fruit chikichi
makuu, majivimo.) of the palm-oil tree (mchikichi).
Kibuyu, n. (vi-), (i) a small cala- Kicbilema, n. (vi-), the heart of
bash, nut of the tree vibuyu, used as the growing part at the top of a
a jug or bucket. Dim. of buyu. (2) cocoanut tree, a soft nutty substance —
A kind offish. used as salad and also cooked.
Kibuzi, n. (vi-), a small goat, Called also moyo wa mnazi, kilele
kid. Dim. of mbuzi. cha mnazi. See Mnazi.
Kibwana, n. (vi-), young master. Kiehinjo, n. act (mode, operation,
Dim. of bwana. &c.) of slaughtering, or sacrificing
Kibwe, n. (vi-), small pebble. an animal. Kiehinjo cha Ibrahimu,
Dim. of mbwe. (Cf. kijiwe.) Abraham's sacrifice (of Isaac). (Cf.
*Kibweta, n. (vi-), small box, chinja, chinjo.)
small case, e.g. writing-desk, jewel- Kicho, n. (vi-), cause (feeling,
box, dressing-case. Dim. of bweta. act) of fear, danger, alarm, show of
Kicha, n. (vi-), k. cha tikindu, a fear. K. chake kikatnponya, his
palm leaf as sold in bundles, before panic saved him. (Cf. cha v.,
being slit into strips for plaiting. -cha, uchaji. T>ist. j'icho.)
(Cf. chana, and ukindu.) Kiehocheo, n. (vi-), act, method,
Kichaa, n. craziness, lunacy, mad- or instrument of stirring up, e. g.
ness. Ana k., he is crazy. C7??iasi- (1) a poker, making up a fire, stok-
kini wake umemtia k., his poverty ing (2) also fig. provocation, taunt,
;

has driven him mad. (Cf. syn. provocative speech, &c. (Cf.
wazitnu.) chocha, chochea, and follg.)
 —
KICHOCHO 142 KIDOKO
Kichoeho, n. {vi-), sensation, ex- kidaka tonge. (Cf. daka, and similar
citement, stimulus. Mwenyi k., in name kinywa mchuzi, imperial.)
an excited state. (Cf. prec.) *Kidamu, n. front part of vessel,
Kichochoro, n. (vi-), a narrow bow, —
but more usual omo, gubeti,
alley or passage between native huts which see. — v. go before, go in
as in Zanzibar city,, leaving room all front. (Ar. Cf. takadamu, ka-
round for the projecting eaves and damu.)
for scaffolding if necessary. (Cf. Kidanga, n. (vi-) and a., of fruit in
chochoro, mchochoro.) a very early stage of formation, before
Kichomi, n. (vi-), stabbing pain, it is even changa, e.g. limau ki-
pricking sensation. (Cf. choma, danga, embe k.
and follg.) Kidani, n. (vi-), a neck ornament,
Kichomo, n. act (process,
(vi-), necklace, collar of gold or silver,
method, instrument, &c.) of stabbing, often chainwork, with large open
burning, &c. Used of cautery. links. (Cf. mkufu, and urembo.)
(Cf. choma, mchomo, kichomi.) Kidari, n. (vi-), breast, chest,
Kichungu, a. bitter, of a bitter of men and animals. (Cf. kifua,
kind. Majani kichungu, bitter herbs. of man only.)
(Cf. -chtingu, zichungu.) Kidau, n. (vi-), (1) a small kind
Kichupa, n. (vi-) also Kitupa, of native boat (see Dau) (2) a ;

small bottle, phial, flask. Dim. of small containing- vessel, pot, e.g.
chupa. kidati cha wino, an ink-pot. (Also
Kichwa, n. (vi-), also, but less kidawa from Arab, dawat, ink-stand.
commonly in Z., heard as kitwa, (i) Cf. daivati, and follg.)
the head (2) the upper part, top
; ;
*Kidawati, small box of writing
n.

(3) principal thing, important part or materials, writing case. Dim. of da-
person, prime mover, leader, author, ivati (which see, and prec). (Ar.)
beginning, chief point, source (4) ;
Kidevu, n. (vi-), chin. Ndevu
anything resembling a head (5) ;
zamwota kidevuni, a beard is grow-
pain in the head (6) obstinacy, pride,
;
ing on his chin. (Cf. udevu, and
headiness. K. wazi, bare head, bare ? -refu.)
headed. Una tufunge mgomba,
k. ? Kidimbwi, n. (vi-) also Ki-
Have you a headache ? let us apply dumbwi, small pool, puddle, e.g.
a banana leaf. Kuwa na k., kufanya on the shore at low water.
k., to be headstrong (presumptuous, Kidinga, n. Kidingapopo, dengue
refractory). K. kikubwa, big head, fever. (Cf. homa.)
swelled head, pride, arrogance, ob- Kidogo, from -dogo, which see.
stinacy. Jipa k., Very common as (1) n. a small piece,
pata k., be proud,
&c. Mwenyi k., a morsel, a bit, a little. Nipe k. cha
a proud, obstinate
person. Kwa mkate, give me a morsel of bread.
k. kikubwa, in a pre-
sumptuous, headstrong way. Kichwa (2) adv. a little, in a small degree,
kichzva, topsy turvy, upside down. on a small scale, moderately, not
Kichwa-ngomba, n. (vi-) turning much, and of time presently, soon.'
,
'

head over heels, a somersault. (Cf. Alifanya nguvu kidogo, he exerted

prec.) himself slightly. (3) a. in a small
Kidaka, n. (vi-), (1) a cocoanut degree, in a small quantity, a few,
in the first stage of growth on the a little, e.g. watte kidogo, a few
flower stem, before it becomes kitale people. Mchele kidogo, a little rice.
(see Nazi) (2) a recess in the wall
;
Kidoko, n. (vi-), also Kidokezi,
of a house, a niche, cupboard (cf. (1) a click, smack. Piga k., give a
—
kishubaka) (3) of the uvuia, called click with the tongue, smack the lips.
;
 ; — ,

KIDOLE 143 KIFICHO

(2) A hint, sign, secret suggestion. Kiendeleo, n. {vi-), making a
(Cf. dokeza.) forward movement, progress, process.
Kidole, n. (vi-), one of the ex- (Cf. enda, endelea, &c.)
tremities of the hand or foot, a-finger, Kieneo,n. {vi-), extending, extent,
a toe. Distinguished as k. cha mguu, extension. (Cf. enea, eneo.)
a toe, and k. cha mkono, a finger Kienezo, n. {vi-), something to
and these farther as k. cha gumba, measure with, &c. See Chenezo.
thumb k. cha shahada, fore-finger
; Kienge, n. (vi-), dim. of mwenge,
;

k. cha kati or kikubzua, middle finger small torch, kindlings, any small
;

k. cha kati ya kando, fourth finger thing burning or to burn.

;

k. cha mwisho, little finger. (Cf. Kifa, n. (1) {vi-), kifa uwongo,
dole, udole, rarely used in Z.) the sensitive plant,— lit. the death-
Kidomo, n. {vi-), dim. of mdomo, shammer (cf. fa) (2) nipple of a ;

(1) a little lip (beak, mouth); (2) gun, pan of a matchlock.

daintiness in food. Yuna kidomo, Kifaa, n. {vi-), a useful thing, a
he is dainty. thing for use, personal belongings,
Kidonda, n. {vi-), dim. of donda, household necessaries, utensil. (Cf.
a small wound, sore, ulcer, bre rking faa, v., and faa, mafaa, also riziki,
out. (Cf. donda, ? dondoa.) vyonibo, pambo?)
Kidonge, n. {vi-) and Kitonge, Kifafa, n. fits, convulsions, epi-
a small round mass, a small lump, a lepsy. (Perh. cf. -fa, kifa, i.e. a
little ball, a small mouthful (of food). a sort of dying.)
K. cha uzi, a ball of cotton. K. cha Kifalme. n. and adv., also Ki-
dawa, a pill. Dim. of donge. (Cf. faume, (1) (vi-), dim. of mfalme,
donge, tonge.) a petty king; (2) royal state, of a
Kidoto, n. {vi-), blinker, a small —
royal sort, e.g. kiti cha k., nguo za
patch or bandage of cloth, fastened k., a royal seat, royal robes; (3) in
over a camel's eyes while working a royal way, as a king.
a mill. Funga vidoto, blindfold. Kifani, n. {vi-), and Kifano, a
(Cf. kijamanda.) similar thing, that which matches, a
Kidude, n. {vi-), dim. of dude fellow, a parallel, a match, an equal.
(which see), a little what-do-you-call- Haina kifani, it is unique, it is un-
it, a nondescript thing. Kidude gani equalled. (Cf. 7)ifano,fanana.)
hiki? What sort of a thing do you Kifaranga, n. {vi-), young bird,
call this? chick, chicken. (Cf. syn. kinda,
Kidudu, n. {vi-), dim. of mdudu kidege, mtoto.)
(which see), a small insect. Kifaro, n. {vi-), a rhinoceros,
Kidugu, n. and adv. (1) dim. of faro being seldom heard. Also (1)
ndugu, little brother (cf. kibuzi and a stick of thick hide, used to beat
mbuzi, kigao and ngao) (2) in a slaves with, and (2) a blow with
;

fraternal way, like brothers. Kufiend- such a stick, e.g. ntamtia vifaro
ana kidtigu, to love as brothers. sita, I will give him six cuts. (Cf.
Kielezo, n. {vi-), act (process, kiboko.)
manner, means) of showing or ex- Kifaume, n. (see Kifalme), royal
plaining, explanation, pattern, model, state, regal dignity, &c. Piga k.,
illustration, comment. Fuasa k., play the king. -*
copy a pattern. Dim. of elezo. (Cf. Kificho, n. (vi-), act (process,
elezo, chelezo, elea.) manner, place, &c.) of hiding, place
Kiembe, n. {vi-), arrow, — not of concealment, a stealthy (under-
often in Z. (Cf. chembe and note, hand; manner. Kwa
kificho, in a
and syn. mshale.) secret way. Mambo ya kifichoficho
 KIFIDIO 144 KIFTJNGUO
intriguings, underhand ways. (Cf. grated cocoanut in, and straining
ficha, ficho, and syn. setiri, siri.) out the juice (tui), a. strainer. (Cf.
*Kifidio, n. (vi-), ransom, fine, fumba, kifumba, &c.)
redemption money. (Cf.fdi.fdia, Kifundo, n. (vi-), (1) a knot.
and dia, ukombozi.) Piga k. cha nguo, make a knot of a
Kifiko, n. act (time, manner, place, piece of calico, tie up in one's clothes.
circumstances, &c.) of arriving, arriv- (2) Protuberance, joint, —
as resem-
al, point arrived at, stage of journey, bling a knot. K. cha mguu, the
destination. (Ctfka.) ankle. K. cha mkono, the wrist.
Kifo, n. (vi-), act (circumstances, Mwili wa kiftindo kifundo, i. e. with
place, manner, &c.) of dying, death. small knot-like swellings on the
Hawaknona chake alikofia, they
k. body. (Cf. fundo, fundua, and
did not see where his death took perh. funda, and for ankle, wrist,
palace. (Cf. -fa, -fu, kifa, kifafa, kiwiko.)
2lthing dying, kifu, a dead thing, tifu, Kifungo, n. (vi-), a fastening, act
the state of being dead, and syn. (process,method, &c.) of fastening,
mauii.) something which fastens. Hence a
*Kifu, v. be sufficient (for) , suffice, wide variety of meanings (see
satisfy. Wanne hawakukifu, four Funga), defined by the context, or
were not enough. Ap. kifia, -iwa, by another word, e.g. (1) button,
e. g. amenikifia haja yangu, he satis- stud, brooch, buckle, clasp, chain,
fied my
wish. —
n. a sufficient cord, or other contrivance for fast-
quantity, a full amount, abundance. ening; (2) prison, place of confine-
(Ar. Cf. syn. tosha, rithisha.) ment, whether chain (minyororo),
Kifu, n. and adv. (i) (vi-), a dead fetters (pingu), stocks (mkatale), en-
thing; (2) as if dead. (Cf. -y^and closure or cell. Peleka kifungoni,
syn. maiti.) send to prison. (3) fig. bond, charter,
Kifua, n. (vi-), (1) breast, bosom, that which binds (seals, cements, &c),
chest, pulmonary region, — usu. of e. g. Mahomet
is called k. cha dini,

man only (cf. kidari) ; (2) any chest i. the force which holds religion
e.

affection, cough, consumption, pleu- together, the corner stone of the faith.
risy, pneumonia. Hawezi kifua, he Kifungo may also mean (4) a puzzle,
has a chest complaint. (3) A small a poser, a dilemma; (5) an act of
—
round wooden platter, used like fasting, &c. ; (6) bondage, slavery.
chano for washing things on, and (Cf. funga, and for binding materials
other purposes. (Cf. fua, beat, ka??iba.)
thump, and mafua, pafu.) Kifungu, n. (vi-), dim. of fungu,
Kifudifudi, adv. on the face, face a small heap (portion, part, &c).
—
downwards, of position. (Cf. (Cf. funga.)
fudifudi, fudikiza, kifulifuli, and Kifungua, n. (vi-), an opener, an
contr. kitanitani, kichalichali.) unfastener. A verbal noun governing
Kifuko, n. (vi-), dim. of mfuko, the word following, e.g. k. kopo, a
fuko (which see), small bag, pocket, tin-opener. K. mlango, a present for
purse. opening a door. K. kinwa, break-
Kifulifuli, adv. on the face, face fast. (Cf. funga,fungua, mfunguo,
downwards. (Cf. kifudifudi.) and follg.)
Kifumba, dim. oifumba
n. (vi-), Kifunguo, n. (vi-) d i m
of ufunguo ,
, .

(which see), a matting bag, sleeping a small key (cf. prec). Also of a
sack. (Cf. follg.) private key, a thief's key, skeleton
Kifumbu, n. (vi-), small round key (for which special meaning, see
basket or bag used for squeezing Ki).
 KIFTJNIKO 145 KIGTJGTJ
Kifuniko, n. (vi-),anything which Kigereng'enza, n. (vi-), a very
covers, (i) top, lid, cover, case, &c. ;
small splinter, broken piece, frag-
(2) fig. concealment, hiding. K. cha ment, chip. (Cf. kigae.)
siri, concealment of a mystery. (Cf. Kigeugeu,n. a. and adv., change-
funika.) able, fickle, unstable,wayward thing
Kifurruo, n. {vi-), unfolding, un- or person, of a changeable kind, in
covering, revealing, &c, that which an uncertain fluctuating way. (Cf.
unfolds, reveals, &c. (Cf. funua.) geuka.)
Kifuo, n. a stake fixed in the Kigoe, n. (vi-), instrument for
ground with a pointed end for ripping extraction, hooked stick, small hook,
off the husk of cocoanuts. Also dim. crook, claw. (Cf. ng'oa, ugoe.)
of mfno, a small groove (line, mark, Kigogo, n. (vi-), dim. of gogo, a
&c). (Cf.fua, ufuo, zifuko.) small log, a block of wood, a lump.
Kifupa, n. (vi-), dim. of fupa, a Also adv. lala k., sleep like a log.
small bone. Kigogota, n. (vi-), a woodpecker.
Kifupi, adv. and n. of a short, (Cf. gogota.)
abbreviated kind, in a brief way, Kigoli, n. (vi-), a girl,— of one just
a short piece. (Cf. -fupi.) growing up, almost marriageable,
Kifurushi, n. (vi-), dim of furu- between mtoto and mwali. Not often
shi, a small parcel, packet, bundle. heard in Z.
Kifusi, n. rubbish, and esp. of Kigomba, n. (vi-), dim. of mgo-
old materials fit for further use, old mba, small banana plant, banana
stones and mortar, &c, — not used shoot.
like mawe in contempt. (Cf. fiisia.) Kigongo, dim. of mgongo
n. (vi-),
Kifuu, n. (vi-), (1) an empty and gongo, (1) small club, cudgel ;

cocoanut shell also (2) a cuttle-fish

; (2) hump, hunch, ridge, projection.
bone, i. e. kifuu cha ngizi. (Cf. Hence kigongo, or mwenyi kigongo,
fuvu, and ufim.) a hunchback, a deformed person.
Kifya, n. (vi-), dim. form oijifya, Kigongo cha mlima, mountain ridge.
which see. (3) A seam, —
in sewing.
Kigae, n. (vi-), piece of broken Kigosh.0, n. (vi-), bend, crook,
pottery, earthenware, china, glass, curve, esp. when abnormal, a de-
&c, potsherd. K. cha paa, used of formity. Nimeteketea moto nikafanya
a roofing tile. (Cf. gae.) k. cha mkono, I burnt myself, and
Kigaga, n. (vi-), dry hard scale, got a bent arm. Mtu mwenyi k.
scurf, scab, &c. (Cf. kikoko, ukoko.) (cha miguu), a knock-kneed man.
Kiganda, n. (vi-), dim. of ganda. Fimbo hii ina k., this stick has a
K. cha mkate, outside crust of bread crook in it. (Cf. kombo, kikombo,
(opp. to nyama, the crumb.) kipindi.)
Kigawanyo, n. that which divides, *Kiguba, n. (vi-), dim. of guba
a divisor, distribution, division. So (which see), a small bunch of aromatic
kigawanyiko, that which is divided leaves, containing often rihani (sweet
or distributed, share, dividend. (Cf. basil) sprinkled with dalia (a fragrant
gawa, gawanya.) powder), and tied with a strip of
Kigego, n. See Kijego. mkadi leaf, i. e. from the pandanns
Kigelegele, n. (vi-), a peculiar tree (Str.). *
high-pitched trill shrill scream
,
,
—
used Kigudulia, n. (vi-), dim. ofgudu-
by women esp. as a sign of joy or lia, a small jar or pitcher, small water
triumph, welcome on return, at a cooler of porous earthenware.
birth, &c. (Cf. kelele, and sha- Kigugu, n. and adv. (1) a small
ngwe.) weed or wild plant (cf. gugii) ; (2) like
 —
KIGUGUMIZI 146 KIJ AMANDA
a weed, like weeds, in a wild unculti- *Kihori, n. (vi-), dim. of hori,
vated way, e. g. nyumba hizi zime- (1) small gulf, inlet; (2) small
jengwa k., these houses are built like (Indian) canoe.
weeds, —
all huddled together. Panda Kiinamizi, n. bending, stooping
k., plant too close together. —
down, as for work. Nyama ya k.,
Kigugumizi, n. stammering, stut- i.e. a butcher's perquisite of meat.
tering,speaking in jerks or gulps, &c, (Cf. inama, jinamizi.)
described as kigugumizi cha i?ianeno, Kiini, n. (vi-), innermost part of
or maneno ya kigugumizi. (Cf. a thing, and so (1) kernel or stone of
gugumiza.) fruit, e.g. the inner part of a clove
Kigunda, n. (vi-), dim. of gunda, (garafuu), when the outer skin is
horn, war-horn. removed after soaking in water (2) ;

Kiguni, dim. of guni, a

n. (vi-), the yolk of an egg, kiini cha yai ;
small strong matting bag, often used (3) the heart or hard core of a tree,
for bringing dates to Z. called also moyo wa mti, esp. if soft,
Kigutu, n. (vi-), stump of a tree, nutty, or pithy ;
(4^, pupil of the eye,
also of a human
limb, injured or cf. mboni. (Cf. ini, and syn.
deformed. (Cf. kikono, kigtm.) moyo.)
Kiguu, n. (vi-), dim. of mgtiu, Kiini-macho, n. (vi-), also Mk.,
(i) a leg or foot disabled or shortened a conjurer, a conjurer's trick, sleight
by injury or disease, &c, a stump, a of hand, jugglery. Distinguished
clubfoot (2) a person so disabled from uganga, e. g. huyzi si mganga,
;

or disfigured, one who is lame, ni k., this man is not a real medicine
crippled, unable to walk; (3) any- man, but a juggler. Mganga ame-
thing like a leg or leg-shaped, e. g. fanya k., the medicine man used a
one of four little feet ' or projections jugglers trick.
' (Perh. cf. prec,
worked on either side of the mjusi also inika for root, and jicho.)
(lizard-ornament) on the front of a Kiinua, n. that which raises up,
native kanzu, —
also called kipaji. verbal governing a word following,
See Kanzu. (Kijiguu is also dim. e.g. kiinua mgongo, that which raises
of mguu.) the back, gratuity to one who has
Kiguzo, n. (vi-), dim. of nguzo, been bending over his work. (Cf.
(1) small post, pillar, stake, palisade, kinyosha mgongo, and ki.)
prop (2) anything serving a similar
;
Kiisha, adv. for Ikiisna, also Ki-
purpose, literally or fig. —
support, sh.a, this ended, afterwards, next,
prop, comfort, assurance, &c. moreover, and besides, in fine, finally.
Kigwe, n. (vi-), dim. of ugwe, Huyu ni mbaya k. mchawi, this
small cord, string, braid, piping on man is a scoundrel and moreover a
the edge of a dress, a rein. (Cf. wizard . ( From isha, v. Cf. mwisho,

kitani, uzi, kamba.) hatima, baada.)

Kihame, n. (vi-), a deserted house Kiitiko, n. (vi-), and Kiitikio,
(village, district). (Cf. hama, nia- response, musical refrain. (Cf.
hame, -e being a passive termination.) ita, v.)
Kiherehere, n. Kijakazi, n. (vi-), a young slave
(1) palpitation,
confused movement, girl, a poor slave woman.
e.g. k. cha moyo, (Cf.
palpitation of the heart (2) trepida- mjakazi, and mttimwa.)
;

tion, bustle, anxiety. Kijaluba, n. (vi-), small narrow

*Kihindi, n. and adv. (1) the metal box, often used for aromatic
Hindoo language, Hindostani (2) of substances, and carried on the breast
;

the Hindoo kind, -a kihindi, Indian. by women.

(Cf. Mhindi.) Kijamanda, n. (vi-), small box
 KIJAMBA 147 KIJITO
or basket of thick plaited work,
stiff death by the relations. Alikuwa k.,
made of leaf-strips dyed various alitangnliza kuota meno ya jnu, he
colours. Many come from Mada- was an unlucky child, his upper
gascar. (2) A small basket-work teeth grew first. (Cf. chego, and
blinker, or cover fastened over the jitio, also syn. timvi, timfi.)
eyes of a camel while at work. (Cf. Kijembe, n. (vi-), dim. of jembe,
kidoto and kinga.) (1) small cutting instrument, penknife,
Kijamba, n. (vi-), a small rock. lancet (cf. kijisu, andjembe, kiembe) ;

Dim, of mwamba, which see. (2) ? fig. of cutting, sarcastic, ironical

Kijana, n. (vi-), dim. of mwana, language, i. e. maneno ya kijembe,
meaning generally, a young person sema kijembe.
male or female, but also with special Kijia, n. {vi-), also Kinjia, dim.
meanings, as youthfulness is viewed of njia, little path, track, &c. (Cf.
'
in reference to (1) age, (2) relation- njia.)
ship, (3) physical development, (4) Kijiboko, n. (vi-), dim. of kiboko
social position. (1) As to age, the (boko being seldom heard in Z.), a
kijana has ceased to be an 77itoto small hippopotamus.
mchanga, and is not yet mtu mzima, Kijicho,
n. (vi-), dim. of jicho,
though still an mtoto. Mtoto akipata a sly (sidelong, envious, malignant,
(1 )
miaka saba, amekuwa k. mwenyi evil) glance ; (2) envy, malice, ill
akili, when a child is seven years old, will. Fanya k., be envious, be
he is a kijana and come to years of jealous. Yuna k. rohoni, he feels
discretion. Amekuwa k., aweza ku- envious, he is jealous. Hana k. nawe,
sema, he is a kijana, he can speak he bears you no malice. Wangariza
for himself. Wewe k., sisi watn wana vijicho sana, their eyes glare
wazima, you are a kijana, we are with envy and hate. (Cf. uwivu,
grown-up people. (2) As to re- hasidi, roho, tamaa.)
lationship, kijana means merely son Kijiehwa, n. (vi-), dim. oikichwa,
or daughter. Wakaomba hwa Mu- a small head.
ungu knpata k., and they prayed to Kijiguu, n. (vi-), dim. of ?ngicu,
God that they might have offspring (a a small foot. (Dist. kiguu.)
child). K. cha Sultani, the Sultan's Kijiji, n. (vi-), dim. of mji, a
son. (3) As to physical development small town, village, hamlet. (Cf.
k. means any one in full vigour and syri. kitongoji.)
capable of bearing arms, i.e. from Kijike, n. (vi-), a young female,
boyhood till past the prime of life, human or other. and jike.)
(Cf. -ke,
as contr. with mtoto on one side, and Kijiko, n. (vi-), dim. of mwiko,
mzee on the other, and practically (1) a small spoon (2) a small stove,
;

synonymous with mzima. (4) As to or fire-place. (Cf.jiko.)

social relations, k. means a depen- Kijineno, n. (vi-), dim. of neno,
dent, servant, slave. It is also used a speech, child's prattle.
silly little
of the 'master of the house' with *Kijiri, n. (vi-), also Chichiri, a
reference to his own property (cf. bribe, hush-money. (? Ar. Cf.
use of mwana mistress of the
for '
ijara, ajiri, and syn. mhmgula,
house,' i.e. perhaps heir of the house rushwa.)
and so rightful owner). (Cf. mwana, Kijiti, n. dim. of mti, a
(&*'-),
jana, bwana.) small tree, bush, shrub, small pole,
Kijego, n. (vi-), also Kichego, a piece of wood, peg, stick.
.
(Cf.
child which develops its upper teeth mti, and dist. kiii, a seat.)
first, and therefore considered un- Kijito, n. (vi-), dim. of mto,
lucky, and often exposed or put to small river, brook, stream, rivulet.
L 2
 KIJITU 148 KIKAPO
(Cf. into, jilo, juto, and dist. kito, a Kijuto, n. (vi-), for usual kijito,
jewel.) dim. of mto, a small river. (For ki-
Kijitu, n. (vi-), dim. of intu, a ji-uto. Cf. kijoyo, for kimoyo?)
little man. Also in contempt, man- Kijuujuu, n. and adv. See Juu.
nikin, or in disgust, e.g. Ewe kijitu Kijuvi, n. (vi-), an impertinent
kiovu, Oh you wicked wretch. (Cf. child, a bit of impertinence, a saucy
mtu,jitu, and dist. kitu, a thing.) remark. (Cf. -jtivi,ujuvi,jua,\.)
Kijivi, n. (vi-), n. and adv., a Kikaango, n. (vi-), small frying-
thievish person, thief, brigand; and, pan. (Cf. kaanga, kaango.) ,

in a thievish (sneaking, underhand) Kikaka, n. and adv. (vi-),(i) dim.

way. (Cf. mwivi, iba f and jivi.) of kaka, a bit of rind or peel (2) ;

Kijiwe, n. and adv. (vi-), dim. of hastiness, bustle, hurry, in a hurry.

jizve, a small stone, like a stone. Mbona wafanya k. ? Why are you in
Kijogoo, n. (vi-), dim. oi jogoo, such a hurry ? (Cf. kaka?)
(1) a small cock, a bantam cock; Kikalasha, n. (w'-),dim. of kalasha,
(2) a kind of shell-fish (Str.). small tusk of ivory. (Cf.pembe, bori.)
Kijoli, n. (vi-), set of slaves be- Kikale, and adv., old style, an-
n.
longing to one master, establishment, tique fashion, an antiquated thing, out
domestic staff, domestics as a body. of date, of the past, -a kikale, old-
(Cf. mjoli, tijoli, and mtumwa.) fashioned. (Cf. kale, and contr.
Kijombo, dim. of chombo,
n. (vi-), kisasa, up to date.)
a small sailing ship, a small vessel. Kikambo, n. the relation of step-
(For ki-ji-ombo, chombo being for ki- parent and child, e. g. babay a kikambo,
ombo.) step-father. (Cf. kambo.)
Kijongo, a hump-backed
n. (vi-), Kikao, n. (vi-), act (place, time,
person, &c, like kigongo. (For style, form) of sitting, dwelling, &c.
ki-ji-ongo. Cf. jongo, mgongo, ki- See Kaa. Hence various meanings,
gongo, kibiongo.) e.g. (1) sitting, seat, dwelling-place,
Kijoyo, n. (vi-), dim. like kimoyo, habitat (cf. makao, makazi, masikani);
small heart, slight inclination, han- (2) stay, duration of residence, season
kering. (For ki-ji-oyo, kimoyo. Cf. of residence (3) posture, position,
;

moyo with plur. mioyo, and nyoyo, office, dignity(cf. mahali, cheo,daraja);
indicating a form uoyo for moyo?) (4) style of living, social standing,
Kijukuu, n. (vi-), great-grand- place in society, conduct (cf. maisha,
child, dim. of mjukuu, which see. mwenendo) (5) society, club, mess, ;

Kijumba, n. (vi-), a small house, set (cf. chama, jamaa), e. g. k. chake

<dim. of jumba. (For ki-ji-umba.Unguja, he lives in Zanzibar. K. cha
Cf. jumba, nyumba, chumba, i, e. ki- mizinga, the place where cannon are
umba, kinyumba.) kept, battery. Katika k. chao wali-
Kijumbe, n. (vi-), a special or chokaa, in their company, at their
secret messenger, a go-between, a meeting. Sipendi k. chake, I do not
matchmaker. (Cf. mjumbe, jumbe, like the way he goes on. (Cf. kaa,
-e being a passive termination. Cf. and syn. as above.)
mtume.) Kikapo, n. (vi-), a wide-mouthed
Kijungu, n. (vi-), a small cooking flexible basket of plaited leaf-strips or
pot. (For M-ji-ungu. QS.jungu, grass, with two small handles, used
chungu, &c.) purposes in Z., made mostly
for all —
Kijusi, n. (vi-), an act (case, in- by Sheheri Arabs. (Other kinds
stance, &c.) of defilement, a particular are kapo, kanda, jamanda, tunga,
(legal, ceremonial, physical) impurity. dohani,pakacha, ungo,kiteo, kunguto,
(Cf. -jusi, ujusi.) kifumbu, and cf. mfuko.)
 —
KIKARIRI 149 KIKOKO
*Kikariri, n. and adv., repetition, kali),one leading from the bowl (bori)
repeated action, saying over and over holding tobacco (tumbako) into the
again, repeatedly. (Cf. kariri, and water, the other (shilamu) from the
for adv. ??iarra kwa marra, marra kiko to the mouthpiece through which
nyingi, tena na tena.) the smoke is drawn. The bubbling
*Kikasiki, n. (pi-), dim. oikasiki, of the water is called malio ya kiko.
small pitcher. Other simpler pipes consist of a hollow
Kikawe, n. (vi-), a very tiny stone. reed and earthenware bowl only, e. g.
(Cf. kijiwe,jiwe, kawe, mbwe.) tosa.
Kikaza, n. (vi-), a thing which Kiko, verb-form, (it) is there,
tightens, strengthens, holds together, agreeing with D
3 (S),— the pfx. ki
but esp. of a board, pole, or beam and locative -ko, which see.
over a window or doorway. (Cf. Kikoa, n. (vi-), (1) a meal eaten
kaza, kazo.) in common, provided by each of those
Kike, n. and adv. (seldom vike in who join in it by turns, a common
plur., for usual -a kike, or vijike), a table, a boarding together.
mess,
female of any kind, anything of femi- Ktila k., to have meals in common,
nine style, womanly behaviour (usu- also kula chakula cha shirika, as is
ally meaning weakness, timidity, fool- done when food is scarce, weather
ishness), like a woman, in a feminine unseasonable, &c. Watu wala kikoa
way, e. g. watoto wa k., girls. Mtu majira ya masika, people mess to-
wa a womanish, weak, unmanly
k., gether during the rainy season. Leo
person. Fanya k., act like a woman. k. changu, it is my turn to provide
Sauii ya k., a shrill, treble voice. the meal to-day. Nikila k., ntalipa
— a. from -ke, agreeing with 3 (S), D mkata mno ? If I join the mess,
nitii
e. g. kijana kike, a young woman. how shall I pay when I have not a
(Cf. -ke, jike, kuke, tike, kijike, and penny ? (Contr. kula bia, where each
contr. -iime, kittme.) person provides a share at each meal.)
Kikebe, n. (vi-), dim. of mkebe, (2) dim. of koa, small flat ring or
small pot, mug, canister. —
band of metal, used of the orna-
Kikeukeu, n. convulsive sobbing, mentation of scabbards, also of anklets
hiccup. and kwikwiT)
(Ct. kekevti, arid bracelets. (Cf. koa, nkoa, and
Kikingo, n. something to pete, kikziku.)
(vi-),
parry or defend oneself with, means Kikofi, n. (vi-), the inside of the
of warding off, screen, defence, fender. hand, what would lie on the upturned
(Cf. kinga, ukingo.) hand, a handful. (Cf. kofi, ukoji,
Kikisa, speak in a hesitating,
v. also chopa, konzi.)
confused, broken way, be unintelli- Kikohozi,
a cough, fit of
n. (vi-),
gible or half- understood, puzzle, coughing, also of —
consumption,
mystify. Sema kwa kukikisa, talk in phthisis. (Cf. kohoa, ukohozi, kohoo.)
a faltering uncertain way. Maneno Kikoi, n. (vi-), white calico with
yake yamemkikisa, he cannot get out coloured borders in cotton silk or
his words clearly. Jambo hili la- both, —
used for loincloths in great
kikisa, this business is difficult, hard variety under many names. K. cha
to get at. (Cf. kigugumizi, gugu- Ulaya, bordered shirtings, in trade. —
miza, gota, goteza) Kikoka, n.'tyi-), blade or shoot of
Kiko, n. (vi-), tobacco pipe— of a grass used as forage. See Ukoka.
the sort common in Z., consisting of Kikoko, n (vi-), dim. of koko,
the kiko proper, i. e. a cocoanut shell mkoko, and ukoko (which see), a bit
partly filled with water, and two of hard, dried stuff, and so of a scab,
tubes of wood or reed (digali, mda- or scurf. (Cf. kigaga.)
 KIKOMBA 150 KIKUKU
Kikomba, n, (i) njaa y a kikomba, she has lost a hand (arm) (cf. kiguu) ;

or ya kukomba, ravenous hunger, (2) anything resembling a small

that makes a man scrape up and hand, e.g. projecting prow of a ves-
sweep off everything (cf. komba). sel, guard of a sword-handle, small
Also kikomba cha njaa y i. e. makazo stalk or tendril of plants and flowers,
ya njaa, intense hunger. (2) Dim. tentacle or feeler of fish or insect.
of komba, a small galago. Kikonyo, n. (vi-), like kikono,
Kikombe, n. (vi-), dim. of kombe, e.g. of a stalk, vikonyo vya garafnu,
a small dish, used commonly of a clove- stalks.
cup or basin, or mug of any material, Kikope, n. (vi-), eyelid. (Cf.
k. cha chai, tea-cup. K. cha bilauri, ukope, kope, kopesa.)
tumbler, wine-glass, also k. cha nuru, Kikopo, n. (vi-), dim. of kopo,
i. e. transparent, polished.
bright, small vessel, pot, jug, mug, esp. of
K. cha fetha, silver goblet. (Cf. metal. Used of spouts for carrying
komba, kombe, i. e. a vessel scraped off water from a roof, &c.
or, hollowed out, -e being a passive Kikorombwe, n. (vi-), signal cry,
termination, also kopo, kikopo, and call, — made by blowing into the
for such vessels generally chombo.) hand or through the fingers.
Kikombo, n. and adv., a small Kikosi, n. (vi-), (1) the back of
crooked, hook-shaped, or curved the neck, nape, i. e. nyumaya shingo,
thing, e. g. a small curved gouge- below the kishogo, nape, and kogo,
shaped tool also, a small bend,
; back of the head; (2) also kikozi,
curve, irregularity, deflection, defect, company, band, troop, esp. of sol-
fault, flaw. As adv., in a crooked, diers or armed men. (Cf. ukosi.)
irregular way. (Cf. komba, v., Kikotama, n. (vi-), dim. of ko-
ko7nbe, ukombo, and syn. pindo, tama, small curved knife, garden- or
mzingo, tao.) pruning-knife. (Cf. she?nbea, and
Kikomo, n. (vi-), (1) stop, stop- for knives generally kisu.)
ping, stoppage, place or time of Kikoto, n. (vi-), and Chikoto,
stopping, cessation, end ; (2) k. cha (1) a whip of plaited grass, leaf-
uso, forehead, brow, i. e. uso ulipo- strips,or bark fibre, used, by school-
koma, pasipomea nyele, mbele ya uso, masters, overseers, &c. (cf. mjeledi) ;

juu ya macho, where the face ends, (2) plait of hair. Piga (songa) vi-
the hairless part in front over the koto, plait.
eyes. koma, ukomo, &c, and
(Cf. Kikozi, n. (vi-), and Kikosi,
syn. mwisho, kusimama.) company, band, troop, esp. of sol-
Kikondoo, n. and adv. (1) a small diers or armed men. (Cf.jeshi.)
sheep, lamb
(2) like a sheep, un-
;
Kikuba, n. (vi-), (1) see Kiguba ;

resistingly, meekly, calmly. Ktifa (2) dim. of kuba, small vault, dome,
kikondoo ndiko kufa kiungwana, to cupola, arched roof. Also as adv.,
die like a sheep is to die like a hero. like a dome, &c.
(Cf. kondoo.) Kikucha, n. (vi-), also Kikuchya,
Kikongwe, a person bent
n. (vi-), Kikuchia, dim. of ukucha, a bit of
and bowed with age, a very old per- the nail, a little projection of the
son, esp. (like kizee) an old woman. nail, nail-paring.
Sometimes used, as intensive and Kikuku, n. (vi-), (i)ring, usually
descriptive, with kizee. (Cf. konga, of metal, worn on arm or wrist, arm-
kongwe, kongwa, and kibiongo.) let, bracelet. Also used of an ank-
Kikono, n. (vi-),. dim. of mkono, of same kind. K. cha kupandia
let

(1) small arm or hand, short or defec- frasi, a stirrup. K. cha pingu, a
tive arm, stump of the arm, e.g. ana k. } handcuff. (Cf. fiirungiit banagiri,
 )

KIKUKUU 151 KILEO

kekee, and tire??ibo.) (2) Dim. of fari k., a journey on foot, i. e. kwa
kuku, a'small fowl, chicken, bantam. miguu.
Kikukuu, n. and adv., a thing Kilalo, n. (vi-), (1) camping- or
old, worn out, past work, use- sleeping-place on a journey (cf. kituo,
less, -a kikukuu, worn out. See kambi) (2) a sleeping-shelter, e. g.
;

-Kukuu. a few sticks resting on forked up-

Kikulia, n. (vi-), a thing or person rights, and carrying some grass as a
that has grown up at a place, not — covering. (Cf. lala, ulalo.)
born at a place, which is kizalia. Kilango, n. (vi-), dim. of m-
(From ki and Ap. form of kua, lango, a small door, narrow entrance,
kulia. Cf. kimelea.) small opening, pass, strait. K. cha
Kikumbatio, n. {vi-), embrace. bahari, a strait. K. cha jaha, the
(Cf. kumbatia, and syn. ambiso.) strait gate of Paradise.
Kikumbo, n. {vi-), thrust, shove, Kile, a. dem. that, agreeing with —
jostling. Piga k., thrust away, shove D 3 (S). (Also Imperat. form of
aside, push by, nudge with the elbow. -la, e. g. kitoto kile kikile kile kileji,
Pigaiia vikumbo, of rough hustling, let that little child eat that cake.
horseplay. (Cf. kumba, and jjnga.) Kileji, n. (vi-), a round flat
Kikundi, n. (vi-), dim. of kundi, wheaten cake (Str.).
small company, group, knot, herd. Kilele, n. (vi-), top, point, peak,
(Cf. kikosi.) pointed end, pinnacle, e. g. k. cha
Kikundu, n. (vi-), rump, dim. of mlima, the top of the mountain.
mkundu. Also of plants and trees, k. cha
Kikungu, n. {vi-), dim. of mku- mnazi kikachanua, the shoot of the
ngu, small earthenware cooking pot, cocoanut blossomed. (Dist. kelele.)
also the lid of such a pot. (Cf. Kilema, n. (vi-), (1) a deformity,
chombo, c/ntngu.) defect, blemish (2) a deformed or ;

Kikuta, n. (vi-), dim. of ukuta, disfigured person. Si vema kucheka

small stone wall, parapet, masonry, k. it is not well to mock at deformity.
,

partition. K. wa jicho, a one-eyed man, i. e.

Kikuti, n. (vi-), dim. of kuti, the chottgo. (Cf. kiwete, kiziwi, ki-
tip of a cocoanut leaf, i. e. ncha ya pofu, kibiongo, &c.)
kuti. See Kuti. (2) Chance, hap, Kilemba, n. (vi-), (1) a cloth
luck, an incident, event, accident, oc- worn as a wrapper round the head,
currence. Kikuti che?na, a happy a turban, the style of folding and —
chance. (Cf. kuta, v., and syn. tu- wearing being according to the rank,
kio, nasibu, bahati.) dignity, &c. of the wearer, often of
Kikwapa, n. (vi-), (1) armpit. silk, and costly. Piga k., wear a
Also various things connected with, turban. (2) fig. gratuity at the end
or resembling the armpit; (2) the of a job, apprenticeship, course of
smell of the armpit (3) the per- teaching, &c. (cf.
; ada, bakshishi,
spiration of the armpit (4) the
;
gore ufilo), (3) Crest, e.g. k. cha jogoo,
of a native dress (kanzu) under the cock's comb. (Cf. shtingi, ki-
armpit. Hence kisibau cha k., an s/wngi.)
armpit tunic, i. e. sleeveless, stopping Kilembwe, n. (vi-), great-great-
at the armpit. Kikwapa cha tanga, grandchild. "^Cf. kiningina, kiju-
part of a sail. kuu, mjukuti. s ,

Kikwata, n. and adv. (vi-), dim. Kileo, n. (vi-), (1) state or case
of kwata, small hoof, damaged or of intoxication, staggering, reeling,
maimed hoof. As adv. colloquially &c. (2) anything intoxicating or
;

'
on foot.' Enda k. }
go on foot. Sa- narcotic, e. g. ponibe, mvinyo, tembo,
 —
KILETE 152 EIMA
bangl, kasumba, &c. K. kimempata, Kilindi, n. (vi-), a place of deep
he is under the influence of liquor. water, a deep channel, a deep*. (Cf.
(Cf. ulevi, levya.) lindi.)
Kilete, n. (vi-) } (i) metal row- Kilindo, n. (vi-), (1) act (process,
lock, crutch, an oar (cf. ki-
for means, &c.) of guarding, protection,
shward) (2) stick used for twisting
;
guard, charge, care. Tic katika
in native ropemaking. (Cf. kisongo.) k. cha Muungu, we are in God's
Kilicho, verb-form, which is, keeping. (2) A
watchman's platform
agreeing with D 3 (S), i.e. pfx. ki-, in a plantation (3) a shelter (from
;

li, is, and relative cho, agreeing with rain, sun, &c). (Cf. linda, mlinzi,
same. Undo, and Ar. syn. hamaya.)
Kilifu, n. (vi-), also sometimes Kilinge, n. (vi-), mystery, puzzle,
Kidifu, and Wdifu, the cloth-like trick. Maneno ya k., dark, unintel-
envelope of fibre binding the young ligible utterances, i. e. maneno ya
leaves of the cocoanut round the /umbo, or ya mifano. K. cha mganga,
growing stem. (Cf. mnazi, and hocus pocus.
madifu.) Kilingo, n. (vi-), (1) a notch cut
Kilili, n. (vi-), dim. of ulili, a as a mark, a blaze on trees to show
small bedstead. (Cf. kitanda,) the way (2) (? for kilindo) a watch-
;

Kilima, n. dim. of mlima,

(vi-), man's platform, a shelter (3) a car- ;

hill, eminence, rising ground, mound, penter's shed for shaping timber, logs,
ascent. Also name of a kind of evil &c. (Cf. linga, ulingo.)
spirit. Kilio, n. (vi-), (1) sounding, a
Kilimi, n. (vi-), dim. of ulimi, sound, crying, weeping, mourning,
(1) a little tongue (2) bad or
;
a cry, scream, shout, dirge (2) ;

abusive style of speaking, -ki being a subject for mourning, a sad thing.
here depreciative as in kidomo. Ana Also dim. in contrast with mlio, lio,
k., he uses abusive language. (Cf. i. e. kilio kidogo. Nyamazisha k. y
mlimi, mwambi.) put a stop to mourning. Tia k. }
Kilimia, n. the Pleiades (con- cause lamentation. Amepeleka k.
stellation). K. ikizama kwajna hu- maiangani, he has contributed a wail
zuka kwa mvtia, if the Pleiades set in to the mourning.
fine weather, they rise in rain. (For *Killa, a. also Kulla, every (as a
stars cf. nyota, sayari.) rule with a singular noun only, and
Kilimo, n. (vi-), (1) hoeing, and unlike all other adjs. in Swahili with
so the care of a plantation generally, its noun following it). K. mtn,
i. e. cultivation, agriculture (2) pro- every one.
;
K. sikti, daily, day by
ducts of cultivation, produce, crop. day. K. aendako, wherever he goes.
Mwaka htm watu wameongokezva na K. atakapo, whenever he likes. Occa-
kilimo, this year people have suc- sionally with Plur. k. watu wakaenda
ceeded well in their cultivation. zao, all the people went away.
Vilimo vinasongana, the crops are *Kiluth.u, n. velvet.
too crowded, are planted too close. Kima, a kind of monkey.
n.
(Cf. lima, mlima, mkulima, &c.) (For other kinds cf. nyani, tumbili,
Kilinda, n. (vi-), verbal noun of mbega, ndegele.)
linda, guard, protector, governing a *Kima, n. (vi-), (1) price, value,
noun follg., e. g. kilinda chozi, the e.g. kima chake kadiri gani ? How
tear-guard, i. e. the pendulous end of much is it? and cf. kem. (2) Mea-
a cluster of banana fruits, with a sure, stature, height, and cf. kimo.
pearly drop of moisture at the tip. (Ar. Cf. (1) kimo, kadiri, kiasi,
(Cf. linda, mlinzi, and kilindo.) thamani ; (2) kipimo, urefu, ukubwa.)
 —
KIMACHO 153 KIMBUNGA
Kimacho, adv. wide awake, in life. Kimbilia pesa, run races for
a wakeful condition, on the watch. money. So Ps. kimbiliwa, be run to
Lala {had) k., lie (remain) awake. (for, after, &c.),be a refuge (asylum,
(Ci.jicho, macho, kesha.) resource), and Nt. kimbilika. With
Kimaji, adv. and a., like water, wet, ji, e. g. watu wakajikimbilia, the
damp, watery, swampy. Also -a ki- people took to their heels, of a —
maji. (C f. maj'i, majimaji, rutuba.) promiscuous, shameful flight, every
Kimanda, n. (vi-), an omelette one for himself. Hence kimbil-iza,
(of eggs, &c). (Cf. maandasi.) -izwa, cause to run on, make go
Kimandu, n. (vi-), a strip of fast, hurry, hasten, do in a hurry,
wood, fixed inside a native door- do rashly (precipitately, carelessly)
frame at top and bottom, with holes like endeleza, but more emphatic,
in which the pivots of the door-valves e. g. kimbiliza maneno, talk too fast,
turn. talk recklessly (foolishly, at random,
Kimanga, n. and adv., something without thinking). Kimbiliza jipn,
Arabian, of the Arab kind. Hence open an abscess too soon, treat it
(i) the Arab language, (2) a particu- prematurely. Kimbiliza ndongo, be
lar kind of grain. Sema (jna) k., quick with the clay, before it gets too
speak (know) Arabic. Jiwe la k., dry and hard to use. Kimbiliza kazi,
a hard stone used for sharpening hurry on the work. Cs. kimb-iza,
tools on or grinding corn, &c, a -izwa, cause (encourage, allow, &c.)
whetstone, a grinding stone, also — to run, put to flight, allow to escape,
jiwe la manga, and kimango. (See help in escaping, drive away, pursue.
Manga, and cf. syn. kiarabu.) Alikimbiza roho yake, he saved his
Kimashamba, n. and adv., some- life. Akimbiza mtoto asije kunawa,
thing of a country kind, rustic vulgar he saves the child from being put
dialect, in a countryfied (rude, un- to death. Kimbiza punda, run in
polished) way. -a k., countryfied, front of a donkey, as a slave does
vulgar. (Cf. shamba.) before his Arab master, when riding.
Kimbia, v. run, run away, make Hence kimbiz-ia, -iwa, e. g. ameni-
haste, fly (from), escape (from). kimbizia watumwa wangn, he has
Akimbiaye kawazi giza, wala haoni got all my slaves to run away from
jua, one who runs does not think of me. Also kimbizana, e. g. watu
the darkness, or see the sunlight. wakakimbizana kitenenda, the people
Adui ivalikimbia, the enemy fled. encouraged each other to push on
Mtoto amemkimbia simba, the boy quickly. (Cf. mbio, on which kimb-
ran away from (escaped from) the ia appears to be formed, mkimbizi,
lion. Withy/, hide oneself away, be kimbilio.)
hidden, be out of view, e. g. mji Kimbio, n. and adv., at a running
uliojikimbia, a village concealed from pace, with speed, at full speed,
view. Ps. kimbiwa, be run from, hastily, also kimbiombio. See Mbio,
be escaped from. Nt. kimbika, e. g. and Kimbia.
allow of running (escape, &c). Ap. Kimbizi, n. and adv., similar to
kimbilia, run to (for, in, after, &c, kimbio. Maji ya kimbizi, a swift
but not as a rule, run away from), current. (Cf. prec.)
overtake, take refuge with, have re- Kimbunga* n. (vi-), typhoon,
course to, fall back upon, go on an hurricane, —
esp. the famous and ex-
errand for ;e. g. mbzizi hao wata- ceptional typhoon at Zanzibar on
kimbia kukimbilia ma?na yao, these April 15, 1872, often used as an
kids will run off to find their dam. epoch in reckoning time. Kimbztnga
Kimbilia roho, run for (to save) one's kikaangusha minazi na majumba
 —
KIMELEA 154 KINA
typhoon threw down
yote, the all the i.e. the dialect of Swahili spoken
cocoanut trees and houses. (Cf. on the coast adjacent to Z. (Cf.
thdruba, tufane, chamchela.) Mri7?ia.)
Kimelea, n. (vi-), a plant which Kimulimuli, n. (vi-), fire-fly,
grows of itself, a self-sown plant, an glow-worm. (Cf. mulika, and ki-
indigenous plant, a parasitic plant meti.)
(growing on to some other). Jamii Kimwa, v. become wearied, get
ya vimelea, the whole flora (indi- cross, be disgusted, lose one's temper.
genous plant-life) of a place. (Cf. Kimwa kwa chakula (njia, kazi, &c),
mea, i?imea, also kikulia, kizalia.) be put out by one's food (travelling,
Kimeta, n. (vi-), also Kimete, work, &c). (Cf. syn. more usual,
sparkling, sparkle, glitter, lustre, kinai, choka, szimbuka, chukiwa.)
shining. E.g. k. cha jua, sparkling Kimwitu, n. dim. oi.mwitu, small
radiance of the sun. K. cha upanga, forest, patch of forest, jungle. (Cf.
the glitter of a sword. Also in the mwitu, kichaka.)
form kimeti, kimetimeti, kimerimeti, Kimwondo, n. (vi-), a shooting
of anything sparkling, spangle, tinsel, star, i.e. nyota ya kuanguka, — sup-
and esp. of fire-flies, glow-worms. posed to be fiery darts thrown by
(Cf. meta, and kimulimuli, kianga.) spirits of the air (jini) (Str.).
Kimia, n. (vi-), a circular casting Kimya, n. and adv. (1) silence,
net — of light fine twine. Also used stillness,absence of noise; (2) quiet-
to describe 'netting, network, lace, ness, calm, reserve. As adv. silently,
cambric,' &c, i.e. nguo ya kimia. without noise. K. kingi kina mshindo
-a kimia, of network, netted. (For mkuu, deep silence makes a loud
nets cf. wavu jarifa.)
,
noise. Nya?naza k., hold one's tongue,
Kimio, something in the
n. (vi-), be perfectly silent. Sali k., pray in
throat, and so uvula; (2) a secret. Mtu wa kimyakimya, a very
(i)
throat affection, —
used to describe quiet, reserved person. Akasikia k.,
quinsy, croup, abscess in the throat, and he heard no reply.
enlarged uvula or tonsils, &c, as —Kina, pfx. or n. used as pfx.
kifua, of chest affections generally. (see note below) which with the noun
(Cf. u?nio, and roho, koo.) following denotes a person or persons
*Kimo, n. (vi-), (1) measure, of a certain class, connected with
stature, height, depth; (2) a measur- another person by resemblance, de-
ing rod, tape, foot rule. K. cha mtti, pendence, or other social relation, or
a man's height. Akupita k., he is a person with others so connected
taller than you. Maji ya k., deep with him. It is often heard as akina
water. K. cha mti, a piece of wood (see note), and in plur. form wakina.
to measure with. (Ar. Cf. kima, E. g. kina sisi, a kind of generalized
of which kimo is a modified form. plural, —
such as we, people like us,
'

Dist. kimo, as verb-form, it is in (with- the lot of us, we.' Akina nani hnyu ?
in, inside), —
pfx. >£z agreeing with D 3 Who is this ? implying What are his
(S), and locative -mo, which see.)
'

connexions ? whether as master or

'

Kimoyo, n. also Kimoyo-moyo, dependent. Akina Abdallah may

something affecting the heart, e.g. mean (1) Abdallah's following gene-
(i) heart ailment, heart disease; (2) rally, his people or dependents, or
—
a feeling, esp. fear, indignation, (2) Abdallah himself alone, or (3)
passion ; (3) term of endearment, Abdallah with his retinue. So Akina
favourite, sweetheart (cf. kipenzi, bwana anakuja, the master is coming.-
mchumba). (Cf. moyo.) Kina mwinyi 7?ikuu, the chief and
Kimrima, n. the dialect olMrima, his court. Kina is also used (with
 —
KINA 155 KINGA
a noun) as a generalized mode of *-kinaifu, a. one who has enough,
address, as well as reference, a polite does not desire or need anything, and
substitute for direct mention of several so (1) moderate, self-controlled, sober,
or one, e.g. akina bibi, the lady- folk, independent; or (2) self-sufficient,
the ladies, my ladies, my lady. So contemptuous, cold, supercilious, un-
akina bwana, a slave's address to his sociable. (Cf. kinai, and kiasi,
master's son, akina baba, a master's upweke, baridi.)
address half-playful to his slaves. It Kinamasi, n. mucilage, slime,
may also be used with contemptuous slimy substance or fluid. Mafitta ya-
generality. Wa?nekwitwa watu wale fanya k., the oil is getting thick and
ivakina Turi, those people were sticky. Also of a wet slippery soil
known as Turi's lot. (Perh. general- (cf. utope).
ized from Ar. gan, pi. agina, slave- Kinanda, n. {vi-), a stringed in-
born, a slave, or connected with the strument of the kind commonest
pfx. ki.) in E. Africa, a kind of banjo or
Kina, n. (vi-), a rhyme, a terminal guitar. Extended to include piano,
assonance, a similar final syllable. organ, and almost any similar Euro-
—
Kuwa na vina, to have rhymes., of pean instrument of music. Pigak.,
lines of poetry. Tia vina, make play the banjo. (Cf. ngoma for
rhymes, rhyming endings. Mashairi other instruments.)
ya vina, rhyming verses. (Cf. guni, *Kinara, n. (vi-), dim. of mnara,
for absence of rhyme, blank verse.) (1) small pillar, column (2) candle- ;

Kina, n. kina cha bahari, a deep stick (3) small ornament in the
;

place in the sea. Bahari ina k. embroidery worked in silk on the

sana, the sea is very deep. (Kilindi, collar of a native dress (kanzii), i.e.
lindi, usual in Z.) vinara vya skingo. (Ar. Cf.
*Kinai, v. (i) be content, be self- mnara.)
satisfied, be independent, want no *Kinaya, n. self-content, independ-
sympathy or help, be self-sufficient, ence, selfish isolation, a superci-
be self-contained. Hence often (2) lious air, insolence. Neno la k.,
in a bad sense, of conceited, offensive, a contemptuous remark. (Cf.
independent, or active dislike, i.e. be kinai.)
disgusted, be surfeited, dislike, have Kinda, n. (ma-), young one, esp.
a loathing. E. g. of food, amekinai, of birds, a chick, but also of animals,
he has had enough, he has had a full e.g. k. la frasi, a foal, k. kibwa,
meal, (or of a sick man) he has no a young dog, cub, whelp, not of —
appetite, he revolts from food. Ji- man.
Sometimes a., e.g. mnazi
kinai, feel quite satisfied or secure, ?nkinda, a young cocoanut tree.
be boastful, vaunt oneself. Sultani Kinda, -kindani, Kiudano. See
ajikinai kwa ngtivu, the Sultan Kinza, &c.
shows his pride of power. Cs. Kindu, n. (ma-), fruit of ,the
kinaisha, satisfy, surfeit, glut, disgust, palm mkindu, a kind of wild date.
nauseate, revolt. Chakula hiki kina- See also TJkmdu.
nikinaisha,this food revolts me. Kinena, n. (vi-), middle of the
Atakukinaisha siku tnoja, you will body between the groins (manena).
have enough of him in one day. Kinga, v. i? used of the effect of
Knjikinaisha ubora, to vaunt his what is interposed between two ob-
perfections. (Ar. Cf. -kinaifn, ki- jects, and which acts offensively to
naya, and syn. shiba, skibisha, rith- the one and defensively as to the
isha, chtikiza, and for boasting,/zV//«, other. Hence (1) act as screen
fivtma.) against, ward off, parry, check, stop,
 ) ;

KINGAJA 156 KINI

interpose, get in the way of, intercept, back. Anguka k., fall backwards.
catch ; and (2) fig. contradict, op- (Cf. kitanitani, kichaii.)
pose, obstruct. Also (3) act as Kingama, v. (1) be interposed,
screen to, cover, be a defence to lie across, be in the way, act as a
(4) fig. help, assist, protect. Kinga, screen ; (2) obstruct, baffle, thwart.
jiwe hili litaangiika, guard (your- Gogo limekingama njiani, a log
self), or, ward it off, this stone is blocks the road. Njia ngine inaki-
going to fall. Nimekinga mwili ngama njia ya mbele, another path
wangu kwa ngao, I interposed my cuts across the road leading straight
body as a shield. ameni- Muungu on. Ap. kingam-ia, -iwa, e. g.
kinga, God has protected me. Ki- nyoka amenikingamia njiani, a
nga mvtia (jud), keep off the rain snake stopped me on the road. Cs.
(sun). Ps. kingwa, (1) be screened kingam-isha, -ishwa, -iza, -izwa,
(warded) off; (2) be used as a intens. frustrate, stop altogether,
screen (3) be screened (protected).
;
block. Rp.ki?igamana, e. g.
Nt. kingika. Ap. king-ia, -iwa, tumekingamana mimi naye, he and
e. ngao ya knkingia selaha, a
g. I had a (friendly or stormy) inter-
shield to keep off weapons. Cs. view, we encountered each other.
kingiza, usually protect, defend. Hence kingaman-isha, -ishiva, cause
Kingiza na mvua, protect from rain. to get in each other's way, make diffi-
Ji'kingiza, defend oneself. Rp. culties among. (St. form of kinga,
kingana, (1) protect each other; i. e. be in an interposed position.
(2) oppose each other, with argu- Cf. -ama, simama, tuama, &c. Cf.
ment, force, &c. (Cf. follg.) mkingamo.)
— n. —
and Vinga), something in-
( , Kingio, Eingo, n. screen, hand-
terposed, and which has different screen, shade, lamp-cover. (Cf.
effects .accordingly, e.g. (1) a check, kinga.)
a stopper, a fender, a fence, a guard, Kingoe, n. (vi-), dim. of ngoe,
a screen, a shelter, and so either — a small hook. See Ngoe.
(2) protection, defence, assistance, Kingojezi, n. (vi-), similar to
or (3) obstruction, difficulty, mis- kingojo.
fortune, limitation. E. g. k. cha Kingojo, n. (zfc-), act (time,
moto, or k. only, a fireguard, i.e. place, &c.) of watching, watch,
commonly a firebrand, brand used as guard, guard-station, post, sentry-go,
a guard, rather than ' a fender.' Cf. turn of watching. E. g. linda k.,
kinga na kinga, ndifio moto tiwakapo, keep watch. Keti k., remain on
firebrands make the fire burn. K. watch. (Cf. ngoja, kilindo, zainul)
cha maji, or k. alone, a long blade of Kingozi, n. the old dialtct of
grass or leaflet tied round the stem of Swahili, esp. as formerly spoken at
a tree to collect the rain trickling Melindo, Patta, and the northward
down and direct it to a water jar. towns of the Zanzibar coast, now
K. ya jicho, a blinker. Cf. kidoto, only poetical and hardly intelligible.
also kijamanda. (Cf. kingama, Hence now used of difficult, half- '

mkingiko, kinda, pinga, and epiisha, understood speech.' Maneno ya k.,

bekua. For kinga = kunga, see antiquated, meaningless terms.
Kunga. Kingubwa, n. (vi-), spotted
Kingaja,
n. (vi-), armlet or brace- hyaena. (Ci.jisi.)
let of seeds,beads, &c. (Cf. kekee, *Kini, Kinika, v. be sure, be
kiktiku, banagiri, and tirembo.) certain, be ascertained, apparently —
Kingalingali, n. on the back, from Ar. yakini (which see), treated
face upwards. La/a k. } lie on the mistakenly by Swahilis as a form
 —
KINING'INA 157 KINYONGA.
of a verb kini. E. g. yamkinika (or, &c. (of birds, usually mdomo). Also
yamkini) Sultani kusajiri kesho, it something to drink, a beverage,' but
1

is certain as to the Sultan that he this is usually kinwaji. K. mchuzi,

will set out to-morrow. (Ar. Cf. the hair on the under lip, the im-
yakini, and dast. yamkini.) perial, place where the imperial
Kining'ina, n. (vi-), great-great- grows, lit. gravy drinker. K. ivazi,
grandchild. (Cf. kijukuu, ki- open mouth, with open mouth, open
lembzve, and ninginia, rock, dandle.) mouthed. (Cf. nya, kinwaji, ka-
Kinjurinjuri, n. a particular way nwa, and follg.)
of cutting the hair, leaving one long Kinwaji, n. (vi-), also Kinywaji,
tuft, i.e. kukata kinjurinjuri (Str... and rarely Kinweo,Kinwewa some- ,

Kinofu, n. (vi-), a scrap of meat. thing to drink, a beverage, liquid for

(Cf. mnofu.) drinking purposes.
Kinono, n. (vi-), a fatted animal, Kinweleo, n. (vi-), a pore (of the
a fatling. (Cf. 11011a, -nono, and skin). (Cf. nya, nyweleo.)
nenepa.) Kinyaa, n. (vi-), excretum (liquid
Kinoo, n. whetstone, i. e.
(vi-), a excrement, dung,
or solid), urine,
jiwe la kunolea, a stone to sharpen filth. (Cf. nya, nyesi, kinyesi,
things with. ;Cf. noa, noo, noleo, also ukojo, mavi.)
and cherehe, a grindstone.) Kinyago, 11. (vi-), anything used
Kinu, n. (vi-), a wooden mortar, at an unyago (which see), but esp.
made of a hard block of wood hol- a dressed-up grotesque figure, mock-
lowed out in the centre, used for ghost or scarecrow. Cheza k.,
pounding and cleaning grain, and lit. play at unyago, play at ghosts,
crushing and mixing vegetable food dress up, —
of any kind of acting,
generally. Also for extracting oil. theatricals, farce.
The wooden pestle is called niche, Kinyama. n. (vi-), dim. of nyama,
and the operation usually kutivanga. small animals. Vinyama vya viwi-
See Mche, Twanga. It is extended tu wakaona kiu, the lesser wild
to metal mortars, e. g. k. cha chuma, animals grew thirsty.
an iron mortar, and also is used of a Kinyamkela, n. (vi-), (1) a kind
mill of any kind, e. g. k. cha moshi, of evil spirit, to be propitiated at
a steam mill, k. cha kushindikia, a crossways, a storm-devil (2) of a ;

crushing mill, whether of oil seeds or whirlwind, i.e. pepo za kinyamkela.

sugar-cane. K. cha mkono, hand (Cf. chamchela.)
mill. K. cha kusagia, grinding Kinyefu, n. (vi-), and Kinye-
(flour) mill. nyefu, a tickling or tingling sensa-
Kinubi, n. (yi-) and adv. (i) a tion, itehing. (From nyea, cf.

kind of harp, used in their dances by nyegi.)

the Wanubi, i. e. Soudanese (or Kinyegele, n. (vi-), name of a
(Nubians) settled in Zanzibar. Also small animal, skunk (Str.).

(2) the Soudanese language (3) in ;

Kinyemi, n. and a., something
the Soudanese style, -a kinubi, of good, pleasing, acceptable. Kipya
the Soudanese kind. kinyemi kingawa kidonda, a novelty
Kinundu, n. (vi-), dim. oinundic, has its charms, even a new sore.
a little hump, knob, lump. Hence (Cf. Ar. nee ma!)
kinundunundu, to describe a rough, Kinyesi, n. (vi-), excretum,
lumpy surface, as of plaster, &c. like kinyaa. Also in plur. manyesi.
Kinwa, n. (vi-), also Kinywa and (From nya.)
Kanwa, the mouth (as organ of Kinyonga, n. (yi-), (1) hip-com-
drinking) of man, animals, insects, plaint. (Cf. kifua, kimio, &c).
 ) )

KINYONGE 158 KIOSHO

(2) Chamelion. (Perh. both from Kioja, n. {vi-), something that
nyonga, wriggle, twist.) astonishes or terrifies, an oddity, a
Kinyonge, n. and adv., from curiosity, a portent, a bugbear, a
-nyonge, state of wretchedness, ab- monster. (Cf. kitisho, shani, ajabu,
ject destitution, degradation, &c. afa.)
Kinyongo, n. (w-), of a mental or Kiokozi, n. {vi-), act (means, way,
moral twist, (1) fancy, scruple, fad; &c.) of recovering, and so, reward
(2) ill-feeling, grudge, bitterness, for finding something lost or in
spite, resentment. Usifanye kazi danger. Also of persons, one who
kwa k., do not work unwillingly, saves, rescuer, preserver. (From
as if against the grain. Mpenzi okoa. Cf. mzvokozi, twkozi.)
hana k., a lover has no scruples Kiolezo, n. {vi-), a pattern,
(doubts, hesitation). Mwenyi k., sample. (Cf. oleza, and syn. namna.)
a hypochondriac. (Cf. nyonga, ki- Kiongozi, n. {vi-), act (means,
nyonga, unyonga, also syn. mfundo, way, &c.) of directing; but usually,
kikombo, chuki, uchungu.) guide on a road, director, leader of
Kinyozi, n. {vi-), a barber, one a caravan. (Cf. t?ikuu wa genzi.)
who shaves. (From nyoa.) Also, reward for such service, guide's
Kinyuma, n. and adv. (also Ki- fee. (From ongoa. Cf. mwongozi,
nyume commonly), the back part, uongozi.
the rear, behind, backwards, after Kiongwe, n. {vi-), a kind of
time, late, in a contrary way. Kwa donkey from the mainland, mostly —
kinyunie, backwards, to the rear. from the Unyamwezi country used for ;

H 'atari ya k., later, subsequent news. carrying loads, i. e. punda kiongwe.'

Kinyunie changu, behind me. Kuja (Also as a., obstinate, refractory (Kr.).
k., to arrive late. Maneno ya k., a Cf. m bishi.)
kind of puzzle -language, the last Kionja, verbal noun from onj'a,

syllable of each word being made the governing another noun, that which
'

first. (Cf. nyuma, and baada.) tastes.' K. mchuzi, the imperial, or

Kinyumba, n. {vi-), an unmar- under lip, i. e. —
gravy taster, like
ried woman, living with a man as kinwa mchuzi. (Cf. onja, and follg.
his wife. (Cf. nyumba, mchumba, Kionjo, n. {vi-), a little taste,
suria, hawaa.) a small sample, a trial. (Cf. onja.)
Kinyumbu, n. {vi-), dim. of Kionyo, n. {vi-), secret warning,
nyunibu, a small mule. hint, suggestion. (Cf. ona, onyo.)
Kinyunya, n. {vi-), a little cake, Kioo, n. {vi-), a piece of glass,
a bit of a cake, a sweetmeat. (Cf. looking-glass, mirror. A', chetipe^
nyunyiza, sprinkle, and nyunyo.) clear, white glass. K. cha ktwna,
Kinywa, Kinywaji, Kinyweleo. transparent glass. K. cha kutazamia
See Kinwa, Kinwaji, Kinweleo. uso, a looking-glass. (Perh. conn,
Kinza, v. object, contradict, deny, with ona, i.e. kiono.)
oppose, rebel. Rp. kinzana, object, Kiopoo, n. {vi-), anything used
stand in the way, oppose, contradict. for taking up, fishing up, as from
—
Kinzana na mtu, dispute with a per- a well or pit, a pole, stick with
son. (Not often heard. Cf. follg. fork, hook, gaff. (From opoa.)
and kinga, kingana, pingana.) Kiosha, verbal noun from osha,
-kinzani, n. refractory, combative, that which washes, e. g. k. migtiu,
obstructive. (Cf. prec. and ukinzani.) that which washes the feet, — name of
Kinzano, n. {ma-), objection, ob- a wedding fee for particular service.
struction, contradiction. (Cf. prec. (Cf. kifungua mlango.)
and kinzana.) Kiosho, n. {vi-), act (place, means,
 ;

KIOTA 159 KIPAKA

&c.) of washing. (Cf. osha, and speckled colouring of animals and
josho.) birds, -a k., or k. alone, mottled,
Kiota, n. {vi-), also Kioto, sitting- speckled, e. g. kuku k., a speckled
place of a bird, nest, roost, fowl's fowl. Also kipakupaku, in same
laying place. (Cf. ota, oteo, moto.) sense. (Cf. paku, and perh. paka,
Kioteo, n. (w-),' ambuscade, am- v., also waa, doa.)
bush, lurking-place. (Cf. ota, otea.) Kipamba, n. dim. from
{vi-),
Kiowe, n. {vi-), shout, cry for pamba (cotton), a
small bit (tuft,
help. See Kiyowe. plug, patch) of raw cotton (cotton
Kioza, n. state of a putrid thing, wool, lint), e. g. for medical applica-
putridity, gangrene. Mtu htiyu yuna tion.
k. ndani, this man is rotten inside. Kipambo, n. {vi-), an ornament,
(From oza.) ornamental work, a fitting, furniture
Kipa, n. verbal of pa, act of giving, of a house. Nyumba hii haina k.,
that which gives, e. g. k. mkono, thishouse is unfurnished, e. g. of a
a fee given at a wedding for special poor man's dwelling. (Cf. pamba,
attendance (cf. kifungua miaiigo, v., pambo, also syn. kifaa, choinbo,
kiosha miguu). K. iniara, that zirembo, ttztiri.)
which gives strength. {Ci.pa,kipaji, Kipande, n. {vi-), (1) a small bit,
kipawa.) piece, slip, part, of anything (cf.
Kipaa, n. (vi-), dim. of paa, (i) fungti, se/iemu, kitambo, kidogo, kato) ;

a small roof, roof a shed, &c. (2) an instrument, tool, utensil (cf.
(2) one of the sides of the four-sided chombo, kitu, samani). K. cha
roof of a native hut, usually one of nyama, a scrap of meat. K. cha
the smaller slopes, overlapped by the ?ntu, a diminutive man, a mannikin
larger ones (inapaa). K. cha mbele (contr. pande la mtu, pandikizi).
{cha nynmd), the front (back) slope Vipavde vya kupimia, surveying
of a roof; (3) also kipara, which see. instruments. (3) Used esp. of a
Kipaji, n. {vi-), (1) a presenta- light wooden rammer, used in harden-
tion, a present, donation, gift. K. cha ing a concrete floor or roof. (Cf.
Mutmgu, a gift of God. (From -pa, pande, upande, mpande, pandikizi,
cf. kipa, tipaji, -paji.) (2) Part of the ? all conn, with panda, v. plant, the —
forehead {paj'i), brow, eyebrow, e. g. constant common occupation.)
kunja vipaji vya uso, knit the brows, Kipanga, n. {vi-), (1) dim. of
frown. Also (3) a sweet-scented tcpanga, a small sword (2) a large
;

cosmetic, applied to the brows, an bird of prey.

ornamental patch of colour, a brow Kipango, n. {vi-), dim. of pango,
ornament (cf. urembo). (4) A small a small cave, den, hole, mouse-hole.
projection on the side of the mjiisi (Cf. kitundu, kishimo.)
worked on the front of a native dress Kipao, n. {vi-), act (means, way)
{kanzu), also called kiguu. See of mounting up. (Cf. paa, v.)
Mjusi. Kipapatiko, n. {vi-), little flap-
Kipaka, n. {vi-), dim. of paka, ping object, feathery waving end, e.g.
a small cat, a poor cat, a kitten. of fin or feather. (Cf. papatika.)
Kipakacha, n. of {vi-), dim. Kipara, n. {vi-), and Kipaa, a
pakacha, a small kind of basket, of clean-shaved rJ&tch, a bald place on
plaited cocoanut leaf-fronds. (For the head, tonsure. Mtu wa kikoa
other kinds see Kikapo.) asilipe ana kipara cheupe, a member
Kipaku, n. {vi-), small spot, of a mess, if he does not pay, has
speck, patch of colour or coloured a bald patch, i. e. is a marked man.
stuff, e. g. used of the mottled or (Cf. tipaa, upara, and ? paa, roof.)
 ;

KIPATO 160 KIPIWDUPINDU

Kipato, n. (vi-), dim. of tipato, a katika kisigino cha jogoo, the spur
small metal gong, usually of brass, behind at the cock's heel.
with edges turned in, a metal tam- Kipigi, n. (vi-), also Kipiki, a
bourine, or dish of similar shape. little stick to beat with or throw.
Kipawa, n. (vi-), (i) dim. oipawa, (Cf. piga, and follg.)
small ladle; (2) not so in Z.).
gift (but Kipigo, n. (vi-), stroke, blow, shot.
Kipele, n. (vi-), small pimple, T^embo alianguka kwa kipigo cha heri,
pustule, sore, breaking-out. Vipele, the elephant fell by a lucky shot.
skin eruption, erysipelas. (Ci.upele.) Kipila, n. (vi-), a curlew. (Also
Kipendi, n. (vi-), like kipenzi, a called suluhi.)
beloved object, a favourite, darling. Kipilipili, n. and adv., like black
(From penda.) pepper-corns. Nyele za k., hair of
Kipendo, n (vi-), act (trait, mani- a short woolly kind, growing in small
festation, &c.) of affection, kindness, tufts. (Cf. pilipili, and ttele.)

love. (Cf. pendo, -itpendo.) Kipimo, n. (vi-), thing for measur-

Kipengee, n. (vi-), (1) side-path, ing, a measure, a weight, amount mea-
by-way, way
round, side-channel, out sured. (Cf. pima, and for measures
of the straight or usual course (2) inkono, shibiri, wari, wakia, ratli,
;

evasion, subterfuge, shift, indirect pishi, frasila, kibaba, kisaga, &c.)

means of obtaining an object. Ma- Kipinda, adv. Ktifa kipinda, die
neno yake haya vipengee, these state- a natural death. (Cf. pi?ida, n.)
ments of his are evasive (shuffling, de- Kipindi, n. (vi-), (1) a portion of
ceitful). (Also pengee.) time, period, e.g. killa k., k. chote, all
Kipenu, n. (vi-), a shed or side- times, at all times, constantly, always.
room built against the side of a wall K. cha athmiri, noon. vipindi,Kwa
or house outside, a lean-to, a cabin at times, periodically ; also, by fits
in a ship. (Cf. upenu.) and starts, irregularly, -a vipindi,
Kipenyo, n. (vi-), a hole through periodical, regular, irregular, -a ki-
which something is passed, a thing pindi, temporary. Also adv. kipindi,
which is passed through, e. g. the for a time, for a short time. (Cf.
peg of a top, axis of a globe, &c. kitambo, kidogo, and kipande.) (2)_
(Cf. penya.) A fixedtime, a regular hour (cf.
Kipeo, n. (vi-), (1) highest or sad). Tangu assubtihi hattajionini
furthest point, apex, top, end, cul- vipindi kumi na mbili, from morning
mination ;(2) ideal, best example, to evening there are twelve hours.
standard of excellence, chef-cTcenvre. Vipindi vya kusali, the five regular
K. cha macho, furthest limit of vision, Mahommedan hours of prayer. (Cf.
horizon. (Cf. pea, upeo, pevuka.) sala.) (3) Fit, turn, attack, paroxysm
Kipepeo, n. (vi-), (1) dim. of of sickness, anger or emotion gener-
pepeo, a small fan (2) a butterfly
: ally. Homa ya vipindi, recurrent
(3) a kind of flat fish. (Cf. upepo, (or, intermittent) fever. K. cha hasira,
pepea.) a fit of anger. (Cf. pinda, v., turn,
Kipete, n. (vi-), dim. of pete, a and pindi, upindi, kitambo, saa.)
small ring, ferrule, circlet. Kipindo, n. (vi-), a. wrapper, esp.
Kipeto, n. (vi-), bag (with flap or a folding cloth for a corpse before
cover) case, receptacle, cover, parcel, placing it in the shroud (saanda).
,

packet. K. cha barua, letter case, Also, a fold (in a garment), pocket,
envelope. (Cf. peto, peta, pete, and purse, &c. (Cf. pinda, upindo, and
syn. da has ha.) kipeto.)
Kipi, n (vi-) or Kipia, cock's spur,
. ,
Kipindupindu, n. (vi-), descrip-
i. e. kucha la (or mwiba wa) nyuma tive of a violent seizure, convulsions,
 KIPINGILI 161 KIPUMBA
cholera, or other disease, from its — Kipondo, n. (vi-), dim. of pondo,
effect. (Cf. pinda, kipindi, and small pole, esp. of pole for punting,
wad da.) propelling a canoe in shallow water.
Kipingili, n. (vi-), ring marking (Cf. pouda, mpondo, and follg.)
a knot or joint in a plant, e. g. in Kipondwe, food consist-
n. (vi-),
sugar-cane. Also the part between ing of something pounded or crushed,
two knots or joints, e. g. part of the a mash, e. g. of cleaned grain and
leg between the knee and ankle, the grated cocoanut mixed together in a
shin. (Cf. pingili.) mortar {kinu). (From ponda, with
Kipingo, n. (vi-), bar, pin, peg pass, termin. -we.)
(keeping something in place), barrier, Kiponya, n. (vi-), verbal ofponya,
obstruction. (Ci.pinga, kipingwa, something which preserves or cures,
and follg.) a remedy. K. cha njaa, the remedy
Kipingu, n. {vi-), dim. of pingu, of hunger, i. e. food.
a small fetter. Kipooza, n. (vi-), verbal of pooza,
Kipingwa, n.(z/z'-),adoor-bar, bolt. paralysis, deadness, a paralysed per-
(Cf. pinga, and syn. komeo, kiwi.) son, a withered, dried-up thing. Also
Kipini, n. (vi-), (i) handk, haft, adv., in a withered (dead, helpless)
holder, —
of tools, knife, sword, &c. state. (Cf. viapooza.)
(cf. mpini, and for other handles Kipopo, n. (vi-), dim. of popo, a
mkono, utanibo) (2) small stud or small bat (the animal).
;

button-like ornament, worn on the Kipopoo, n. (vi-), dim. of popoo,

nose or ear. (Cf. kipuli, jasi, and a little ball, a round lump, e.g. of
urembo.) tobacco, sweets, bonbons, &c.
Kipipa, n. (vi-), dim. of pipa, Kipora, n. (vi-), dim. of pora, a
small barrel, small cask. Kipipa young cockerel.
cha baruti, barrel of gunpowder. Kipuku, Kipukupuku, adv. in
Kipira, n. (vi-), dim. of mpira, showers, in numbers, wholesale, like
a small ball. Also ? (2) a carpenter's leaves falling, e. g. of the effect of an
moulding-plane, k. cha mviringo epidemic in killing people, i.e. mara-
(cf. randa), and (3) a projecting thi ya kipuku (pitkupuku). Watu
moulding. zvanakufa kipuku, people are dying
Kipito, n. (vi-), a passing by or like sheep. (Qi.pukusa, and follg.)
through, a way through, passage. Kipukusa, n. (vi-), also Kipu-
(From pita, v.) kuba, (1) something shed, cast,
Kipofu, n. and adv. (1) blindness, dropped, e. g. horns, but esp. of leaves
a blind person, in a blind state or or fruit self-detached or early shed.
way, blindly. Mtoto k., haoni, macho Also (2) dim. of pukusa, a small
yake yamepofuka, the child is blind, present, esp. of congratulation. (Cf.
he does not see, his eyes are sightless. follg.)
K. wa macho, bereft of sight, blind. Kipukute, n. and a. Ndizi ki-
Mtn hnyu ana k., this man
ptikute, also kipukusa, a favourite
is blind.
Also (2) for kibofu, a bladder. (Cf. species of banana. See Ndizi, and
-pofu, pofnka, and kiziwi, kilema.) prec.
Kipokee, adv. by turns, by taking Kipuli, n. (vi-), a small trinket,
turns, e. g. chiikua (twad) kipokee, of often crescen^shaped, worn in the
carrying a load, a corpse to the ear as a pendant, ear ornament. (Cf.
grave, &c. (From pokea.) a.\so j'asi, shamili, kipini, puliki, and
Kipolepole, n. (vi-) and adv. (1) for other ornaments urembo.)
a kind of butterfly; (2) from -pole, Kipumba,n. (1) (vi-), also Bumba,
i. e. in a very slow (calm, gentle) way. dim. oipumba (bumba), a small clod,
M
 KIPUMBTT 162 KIBTJKIA
lump (perh. same as kibumba, *Kiri, v. acknowledge, admit, ac-
which see) ; (2) n. and adv., a foolish cept, assent, state formally, confess,
act, a fool, folly. Kuwa k., to be a allow, aver, ratify. Often in legal
fool. Fanya k., to act as a fool. documents, e.g. nimekiri nimekubali
(Cf. pumbaa, -pumbafu, zipiwibafu, kwamba, I do hereby formally ac-
which are usual in Z.) knowledge and agree that, &c. K.
Kipumbu, n. {vi-), scrotum. (Cf. makosa, confess offences. K. deni,
pumba, pumbu.) admit a debt. Ps. kiriwa. Nt.
Kipumziko, n. (vi-), act (place, kirika. Ap. kir-ia, -iwa. Cs.
time, means, &c.) of taking rest, kir-isha, -ishwa, e.g. obtain formal
resting-place, recreation time, refresh- consent, extract confession, allow
ment, relief. (From pu??izika, pn- ratification, &c. Rp. kiriana.
muzi, pumu. Cf. baridi, maburudu^) (Ar. Cf. kubali, ithini, ztfigama.)
Kipungu, n. name of a fish, and *Kiriba, n. {vi-), water-skin, i.e.
also of a bird of prey. the skin of an animal made into a
Kipunguo, n. {vi-), act (case, bag, and used for carrying water.
means, &c.) of lessening, diminution, (Ar., the ki belonging to the root, as
defect, deficiency, short allowance. in kitabu.)
(From pungua. Cf. -pungiifu, upu- *Kirihi, v. (1) loathe, hate, abo-
nguo.) minate, feel aversion (disgust, dislike,
Kipupa, n. and adv., unseemly &c.) (2) give offence, provoke, in-
;

haste, greediness, over-eagerness. K. sult, disgust, treat disrespectfully, &c.

cha kula, and kula k. (or kwa k.), Ps. kirihiwa. Nt. kirihika. Cs.
voracious eating. (Cf. pupa.) kirih-isha, -ishwa, e.g. offend, aggra-
Kipupwe, n. the cold season, i.e. vate, exasperate. (Ar. Cf. ekerahi,
June, July, and August (when the kirahi, makeruhu, and syn. chukia,
barometer in Z. falls at nights to 75 chukiza, kasifisha.)
or even 70 ), cold weather. See Kirimba, n. (vi-), cage (for bird
Mwaka and Pembe. or animal). Also describes a meat-
Kipusa, n. {vi-), same as kipu- safe. (Cf. kitundu, tundu, kizi-
kusa, which see. mba.)
Kipwa, rock, dry patch
n. {vi-), *Kirimu, v. also Kerimu, Kari-
(left by receding tide), a shallow mu, treat hospitably, entertain, feast,
place. (C{.pwa,pwani,mapwaji.) give a present (to). Tumkirimu
*Kirahi,n. also Ekerahi, Ikirahi, mgeni, us entertain our guest.
let
being offended, disgust, aversion, Amemkirimu ng'ombe, he has made
causing offence, provocation, insult. him a present of an ox. Ps. kiri-
(Ar. Cf. kiriki.) miwa. Nt. kirimika. Ap. ki-
Kiraka, and adv., a
n. piece, spot, rim-ia, -iwa, e.g. make a present to,
patch different from therest or the be generous to. Cs. kirim-isha,
surroundings, colour in spots or -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. karamu, kara-
patches, e.g. nguo ya k., patched, —
ma, -karimu, also karibisha,pokea.)
ragged clothes. Mapwaji ya k., Kiroboto, n. {vi-), flea. Formerly
patches left by receding tide. Kira- used as a nickname for irregular
karaka, anything variegated, mottled, Arab soldiery at Z.
dappled, speckled, spotted, e. g. of Kiroja, n. {vi-), same as kioja,
birds and animals. (Cf. raka, doa, which see.
kipaku.) Kirukanjia, n. {vi-), name of a
Kirembo, n. {vi-), anything orna- kind of mouse. (Cf. panya.)
mental, esp. of personal adornment. Kirukia, n. {vi-), name of a climb-
(Cf. tirembo, remba, and pamba.) ing plant.
 KIRUNGU 163 KISHOGO
Kirungu, n. (vt-jj dim. of rungu nosegay, &c. ; (3) a tailless kite.
(lungu), a small club, knob-kerry. (Ar.)
*Kisa, n. (vi-), (i) story, account, Kishaufu. n. (vi-), anything showy,
report, history, narrative (2) state-
;
bit of finery, trinket, personal orna-
ment of case, reason alleged, cause, ment. (Cf. shaua, kipambo, ki-
explanation (3) affair, matter, busi-
;
rembo.)
ness, subject of report. E.g. nipe k. Kishenzi, n. and adv., anything of
chako, tell me your story, i.e. all a barbarous, rude, uncivilized kind,
about yourself. Visa vingi, many esp. barbarous language, up-country
stories, a complicated business, end- dialect, -a k., barbarous, uncivilized.
less difficulties. Hakumfanyiza k. (Cf. -shenzi, ushenzi, and contr. ki-
hatta kimoja, he did nothing what- ungwana.)
ever to hurt him. (Ar. Cf. hadithi, Kishiku, n. (vi-), stump of a tree,
habari, neno.) Also (4) like kiini, log. (Cf. shiku, kisiki, kigogo.)
the innermost part, e.g. kisa cha koko, Kishimo, n. and adv. (vi-), dim.
the kernel inside a stone (of fruit). of shimo, a little pit, hole, under-
Kisaga, n. (vi-), a dry measure of ground passage, sudden fall, precipice.
about a quart, equal to two kibaba (Cf. genge, tundu, chimbo.)
or half a pishi. Nimempimia ki- Kishina, n. name of a dance
saga cha mahindi, I have measured (itgoma). Also dim. of shina.
him a quart of maize. (2) ? a weevil. Kishinda, n. (vi-), verbal from
(Cf. saga.) shinda (which see) in various senses,
*Kisahani, n. (vi-), dim. of sa- (1) that which conquers, baffles, is
hani, a small dish, saucer. (Ar. too much for another, e. g. watu
Cf. chombo, chungu.) hawa ni vishinda waganga, these
Kisasa, n. and adv., a thing of the people are a match for the medicine
present day, a modern fashion, what men. (2) A
residue, a remainder,
is up to date. Vao la k. fashionable esp. of what is left in a vessel, dry or
,

dress maneno ya k. current phraseo- liquid, a quantity less than half of

; ,

logy- (Cf- sasa, and contr. kikale, the content, e.g. kishinda cha maji
kale.) mtungini, of a water-jar less than
*Kisasi, n. (vi-), also Kasasi, ven- half full. Also a vague measure,
geance, revenge, retaliation, requital, a suitable amount for pounding in
compensation for harm done, damages. a mortar (kinu), e.g. vishinda vi-
Toa (lipa) k., suffer vengeance, pay ngapi umetia ? How many measures
(for harm done). Toza (lipiza, twaa) have you put in ? Kinu tele ni ki-
k., take revenge on, retaliate upon, shinda kimoja, one measure makes
extort compensation for. Twaa k. a full mortar, i.e. enough to pound
cha ndngu, avenge a brother. at one time. (Cf. shinda, shindika.
*KIsetiri, n. (vi-), and Kisitiri, Perh. kisinda is the same word.)
a cover, screen, screening wall, para- Kishindo, n. and adv. (vi-), dim.
pet, partition, hiding place, retiring of shindo, shock, blow, outburst,
place, closet. (Ar. Cf. setiri, stara, sudden noise, sound of steps (guns,
kifuniko, kificho, kiwa?nbaza.) blows, &c), an agitation, a sensation.
Kisha, adv. and Kiisha, after- Habari ina k., news always comes
wards, moreover, in fine. See Ki- with a kind of shock. (Cf. shinda,
isha, and Isha. shindo, mshindo.)
*Kishada, n. (vi-), dim. of shada, Kishogo, n. (vi-), nape of the
(1) tassel, bow, rosette; (2) a small neck, back of the head. Kifo ni
cluster or bunch, e.g. of beads on karibu, ni kishogoni mwako, death is
strings, bunch of flowers, or fruit, near, it is close behind you. Aku-
M 2
 — — '

KISHOKA 164 KISUA

paye kishogo si mwenzio, he who Kisimi, n. (vz-), clitoris.
I (Cf.
turns his back on you is not your simika.)
friend. (Cf. kogo } kikosi.) Kisinda, n. (vz-), and ? Kishinda,
Kishoka, n. (vi-), dim. of shoka, Kizinda, hymen. Weka k., preserve
a small axe. virginity. Tomoa k., deprive of vir-
Kishoroba, n. (vi-), dim. of sho- ginity. (Cf. bikira.)
roba (which see). Kisirani, n. also Kisarani, Kasa-
*Kishubaka, n. (vz-), dim. of shu- rani, used of what is awkward, un-
baka, a small recess, niche, pigeon- pleasant, causing difficulty, &c, e.g.
hole, loop-hole. (1) mishap, unfortunate incident,
Kisbungi, n. (w'-),dim. oishungi, hitch, awkward meeting,
&c. ; (2)
(i) a small tuft of hair, crest of ill-humour, awkward temper, grudg-
feathers, plume ; (2) ends of a cloth, ing, rancour, caprice, spite, &c. Piga
lappet, fringes. (Cf. matamvua.) k., make a hitch, cause a difficulty.
Kishwara, n. (vz-), a loop of rope, Sina k. moyoni mwatzgu, I am quite
used to hold an oar (like a rowlock) agreeable. (Cf. kifundo, hitilafu,
in a boat, or to lift by. (Cf. ki- kimoyo.)
tanzi, and shalaka.) Kisiwa, n. (vz-), an island. (Cf.
Kisi, v. (t) also Gisi, consider siwa, a large island.)
critically, estimate, calculate, make Kisombo, n. (vz-), a dish of beans,
a guess, form an opinion on, guess. cassava, &c, beaten or mashed up
K. maneno, weigh a statement. K. into a thick soup or paste. (Cf.
mtama, set a value on (judge the kipondwe, kibumbwi, viseto^)
price of) millet (cf. fikiri, kadiri, Kisongo, n. (vz-), act (mode,
bahatisha, hesabu). (2) As nautical means, &c.) of twisting, esp. an
term, shift, make a change in. K. instrument for twisting, whether
mtanga, shift the sail over, tack, put wood or metal, tourniquet, also —
about. (Cf. pindua, bisha.) Seldom that used in rope-making, turned by
in deriv. forms. the kileti, and itself attached to the
Kisibau, n. (vz-), a waistcoat, rope. (Cf. songa.)
worn open in front. Described as k. Kisonono, n. gonorrhoea,
cha mikono, i.e. sleeved; k. cha ki- various phases being distinguished as
kwapa, or cha kwapa, i. e. sleeveless, k. cha mkojo (urine), k. cha usaha
the usual kind, k. cha vitana, i.e. (pus, matter), and k. cha damzi
lined; k. cha kufnta, i.e. in common (blood). (Cf. sonotzeka.)
plain style. Made of all kinds of Kisozi, n. (vz-), name of a small
materials and colours, and worn over bird (Str.).
the kanzu. Kisu, n. (vz-), a knife, of any sort,
Kisigino, n. (vz-), heel, elbow, often used with such verbs as toa, take
further distinguished as k. cha mguu, out, draw, tza, apply, noa, sharpen,
and k. cha mkono. (Cf. kifundo, futika, stick in the girdle, put
kiweko.) up, and a. -kali, sharp, butu, blunt,
Kisiki, n. (vz-), log, stump, trunk dull. Wave kisu, sisi nyama, you
of fallen tree. (Cf. kishikzi, gogo, are the knife, we are the victims, i. e.
shina.) do what you will with us. K. cha
Kisikusiku, adv. and n., at night, kukunja, a pocket-knife, a clasp-
in the dark. (Cf. usiku, szku.) knife. (Cf. Jisu, kijiszi, also ja-
Kisima, n. (vz-), well, water- mbia, shembea, kotama, kijembc.)
hole, water-pit, place where water Kisua, n. (1) a kind of fine cloth,
is drawn. (Perh. altered from Ar. used as a turban, a kind of kitambi,
kathima.) also called bura. Nimekwisha ku-
 — )

KISUGULU 165 KITANDA

jipajiiba ktva kisua na
selaha, I have — also (2) remain settled, settle,
finished arraying myself with a turban reside. (Cf. tako
and weapons. Also (2) to describe Kitale, n. (vi-), a young cocoanut
a person well dressed, of striking in thesecond stage of development,
appearance, yeye ni kisua kuivako between a kidaka and a dafu. See
duniani, he is a fine figure, if there Nazi.
is one in the world. Kitalu, n. (vi-), a stone fence,
Kisugulu, n. mound, heap walled enclosure, wall
(vi-), (of a yard,
of earth. (Seldom heard, ? a Yao court, &c).
word for ant-hill.) Kitambaa, n. (vi-), a piece of cloth
Kisuli, n. and adv., also Kizuli, or calico, a strip or scrap of any kind
giddiness. See Kizuli. of textile fabric for any use, a small
Kisusi, one of the smaller
n. (vi-), cloth, e. g. napkin, towel, duster,
slopes of a thatched roof, running up handkerchief, bandage, tablecloth,
under the edge of the larger. (Cf. — often with a defining phrase, k.
paa, kipaa.) cha meza (cha kuftitia mikono, cha
Kisusuli, n. (1) a kind of kite kupangusia, &c). (Cf. kitambi,
(cf. shada, buratangi, tiara) (2) ;
iitambi, tambi, kitambo, ta?nbo, tam-
anything whirling about, and dazing baa, utambaa, mtambo, tamba, and
the eye, a whirling gust, a windmill. others, which however do not seem
(Perh. a redupl. form = kisulisuli, referable to one root-meaning. See
and so cf. kisuli, sulika, maszia.) Tamba.)
Kisutu, n. (vi-), a large piece of Kitambi, n. (vi-), (1) a length or
printed calico, forming a woman's piece of cloth, usually of the kind
dress in Z. In commerce, 'scarves,' of used for head-wear, as a kind of
plain colour, red, blue, white, &c. turban, —
defined as k. cha kilemba,
K. cha Mombee, of Indian manu- — also worn round the waist, and as
facture, k. cha Ulaya, of European. a loincloth. (2) K. cha tambo, the
(Cf. shiti and nguo.) mesenteric membrane. (Cf. iollg.
Kitaa, n. (vi-), dim. of mtaa, dis- and kitambaa?)
trict,quarter, parish. K. cha i?namu, Kitambo, (1) a piece,
n. and adv.
the district allotted to a Mahommedan a little — often
of time, a short
minister. e. g. alikaa k. or mtida k.,
period,
*Kitabu, n. {vi-), a book. (Ar., he remained a short time. K. kidogo,
the ki being part of the root. Cf. after a little, soon, presently (cf.
mkataba, katiba, katabahu, and syn. kipandc, kidogo, and kitambaa). (2)
msahafu, chuo.) Also of stature, length, a certain
Kitakataka, n. (vi-), a particle of length or height, mtu wa k., a man
dust, a speck of dirt, a very small of some height, a tall man. (Cf.
(trifling, worthless) thing, a mote. tambo, pande.)
(From taka, n. Cf. takasa,takaiifu.) Kitana, n. (vi-), a small comb.
Kitakizo, n. end-piece, at head (Cf. tana, chanuo, shamto.)
and foot of a native bedstead (ki- Kitanda, n. (vi-), a wooden frame
tanda, which see). for stretching something on, esp. a
Kitako, n. and adv. (1) part of native bedstead, i.e. a frame con-
the body between the buttocks (ma- sisting of two^ide-pieces (infumbati),
tako), the fork of the legs ; (2) as adv., two end-pieces (kitakizo), resting on
on the base, or lower end, e. g. weka four legs (tendegu, via-), and with
pipa k., set the barrel on its end. cord of cocoanut fibre or plaited
Kaa k., (1) sit down, take a seat, in grass-strips interlaced across it. The
the native way, — the usual expression, head is called mchago, the space
 ;

KITANDIKO 166 KITEMBWE

underneath (2 ft. to 3 ft. from the Kitapo, n. shivering, shaking,
ground) mvungu. Usually a mat trembling, quivering, from cold, —
only (mkeka) is spread on it, some- fear, illness, &c, e. g. the cold stage
times a mattress (godoro) and pillows of fever, kitapo cha homa. (Cf.
(into). Kitanda cha mfumi, a wea- tapa, e. g. mwili wanitapa, my body
ver's frame, a loom, parts and instru- shakes.)
ments of which are mdoshi, faraka Kitara, n. (vi-), a curved sword,
or mfariki, marufaa, kashabu, niladi. scimitar. (Cf. upanga, sime,jambia.)
(Cf. tanda, tandika, and for other (?Hind.)
kinds of bedstead, ulili, samadari.) Kitasa, n. (vi-), (1) a box-, door-,
Kitandiko, n. (vi-), a spreading, or cupboard-lock (cf. kufuli, a pad-
a thing spread, a mantle, anything lock), a buckle, fastening of a belt
worn as a covering. (Cf. tanda, (2) dim. of tasa, small metal pot.
kitanda, tandiko.) Kitata, n. (vi-), (1) tangle, com-
Kitanga, n. {vi-), (1) a small piece plication, mess (cf. tata); (2) a splint
of matting, usually circular, used as (for bandaging a broken limb, &c).
a praying mat (cf. msald), to lay out (Cf. kigango.)
food on, or goods for sale. Muungu Kitatange, n. a bright-coloured
hufufua nyama kitangani, God saves sea fish with spines, a sea porcupine
even animals at the place of slaughter. (Str.).
(2) The palm of the hand, k. cha Kitawa, n. and adv., devout life
mkono. (3) The scale or pan of a (act or character), in a religious way.
balance, k. cha mizani. (4) kind A Nguo za k., dress of a devotee, habit
of dance, k. cha pepo (cf. ngoma). of a monk, &c. Fanya k., act as a
(Cf. tanga, n. and v.) devotee. Kaa k., lead a secluded
Kitango, n. (vi-), (1) gadding life. (Cf. tawa, utatva.)
about, idling, loitering (cf. tanga, v.), Kitawi, n. dim. of tawi, a small
e. g. hana kitango, he is no idler, he branch, twig, cutting, bunch or cluster
sticks to hiswork, he is steady. (2) of fruit on a stem ; (2) a kind of
Dim. of tango, a kind of small cucum- weed (3) a tool used in weaving.
;

ber. (3) A bit of string, lace, shoe- Kitaya, n. jaw (cf. tayd). Hatamu
lace, tuft on a mattress, used for fas- yatiwa kitayani, the bridle is attached
tening things up or together.. (? Cf. to the jaw.
changa, mchango.) Kite, n. (1) a cry of pain, a moan,
Kitanguo, n. (vi-), act (means, a groan. JPiga kite, give a groan.
way, &c.) of abolishing, doing away, (2) Trust, liking, affection. Hana
bringing to nothing. (Cf. tangua, kite naye, he has no liking for him,
mtangtw.) he does not trust him.
*Kitani, n. flax, string, linen. Kitefutefu, n. also Kitetefu,
(Ar. See Katani.) sobbing, as before or after crying.
Kitanitani adv. on the back back-
, , (Cf. kikeukeu.)
—
wards, of position. (Cf. tamia, Kiteku,n. an iron tool, for break- —
stretch out, spread out, and kichali.) ing up floors, digging up stones, &c,
Kitanzi, n. (vi-), dim. of tanzi, a pickaxe. (Cf. tekua.)
small loop, noose, halter, snare, gin, Kitembe, n. and adv., a defect in
e. g. loop for a button, snare for ani- speech, a lisp, thick utterance. JPiga
mals or birds. (Cf. tanzi.) (sema) kitembe, speak with a lisp, in
Kitao, n. (vi-), dim. of tao (which a thick indistinct way, as if there
see), a small curved (arched, bent) was something in the mouth. (Cf.
thing. K. cha pingu, the ring of utembe.)
fetters. Kitembwe, n. (vi-), a vegetable
 !

KITENDAWILI 167 KITORIA

fibre. (Cf. titembwe, also uzi, mzizi, on letters to ensure safe delivery.
ugomba, nnanasi, &c.) (Ar.)
Kitendawili, n. (vi-), riddle, Kitinda,n. (vi-), verbal of tinda
enigma, puzzle, charade, conundrum. (i.e.the root of tindika). Kitinda
The common word for propounding mimba, the last, youngest child, lit.
a riddle is tega, e. g. Kitendawili the ending of conception.
Here's a riddle Tega ! Out with
! Kitisho, n. (vi-), terrifying, some-
it! Nyttmba yangu kubwa, haina taa, thing terrifying, a terror, a menace,
my house is large, but has no lamp. a fearful thing, an overwhelming
(Ans.) Kaburi, the grave. (? From danger. (Cf. tisha, tisho, titisho,
ki-tenda-wili, i. e. pili, acting in two and syn. a/a, kioja.)
ways.) Kititi,n. and adv. (1) dim. oititi,
Kitendo, n. (vi-), act, deed, ex- nipple (of the breast) (2) a small
;

ploit. (Cf. te7idai tendo, titendaji, hare, leveret; (3) kititi cha bahari,
Sec.) the depths of the sea. As adv. (1)
Kitengele, n. (vi-), also Kichen- fully, wholly, altogether, all at once ;
gele, stripe, band
of colour, &c. (2) straight up, upright, in an erect
(Cf. more usual mfuo, mlia.) position. Genge limesimama k., the
Kitengenya, n. (vi-), ? name of a cliff rose up perpendicularly. Mti
bird. u/nesimika k., the tree stood straight
Kiteo, n. dim. of
(vi-), uteo, a up, was perpendicular.
small flat basket used for sifting. Kitiwanga, n. chicken-pox, also —
(Cf. ungo, and tunga, more usual called titiwanga, and tete kwanga.
in Z.) (Cf. ndui.)
Kitete, n. (vi-), small hollow reed, Kito, n. (vi-), a precious stone,
small pipe. (Cf. titete.) gem, jewel. (Cf. johari, fusfus.)
Kitetemo, n. (vi-), trembling, Kitobwe, n. (vi-), hole e. g. one —
quivering, shaking, quaking. (Cf. bored by an insect or tool, dimple on
tetema, and kitapo, tikisika.) the chin. (Cf. toboa, —
pass, form
*Kithiri, v. get to be more, do in in -e, and syn. kitundu.)
addition, cause to be more, increase, Kitoma, n. (vi-), a small round
grow. Mtende wnekithiri kuzaa, the pumpkin, the outer rind or shell of
date tree has borne more than ever. which is dried, hollowed out, and
Ap. kithir-ia, -iwa, e. g. kukithi- used as a vessel for liquids(2) de-
;

riwa mapenzi, to be loved more scriptive of orchitis, hydrocele. (Cf.

than others. Cs. kithiri-sha, -shwa, boga, —
pumpkin, usual in Z.)
make more, increase, &c. (Ar. Kitone, n. (vi-), dim. of tone, a
Cf. syn. zidi, more usual in Z.) small drop (of liquid), a small spot.
Kiti, n. (vi-), a native stool, seat. Kanga ni ndege wa vitone-tone, the
Hence a seat or chair of any kind. guinea-fowl a speckled bird.
is
K. cha kifalme, a throne. K. cha Kitongo, adv. sideways, ob-
frasi, a saddle (cf. seruji). (Cf. liquely. Tazatna kitongolongo, look
keti, and perh. mti, kijiti, kiti.) askance. (Cf. tongoza, kitongoji,
Kitimbi, n. (vi-), also Kitimfi, and syn. upande, jnshathari.)
a mischievous act, trick, artifice, Kitongoji, n. (vi-), small village,
stratagem. (Cf. timfi, and syn. hamlet. IWete walio nje mashamba
hila.) vitongojini, all who were out in the
*Kitimiri, n. (i) name of the dog country villages. (Cf. tongoza,
in the Seven Sleepers story; (2) name kitongo, and syn. kijiji.)
of an evil spirit. The consonants are Kitoria, n. (vi-), edible fruit of
sometimes written as a kind of charm the mtoria (a kind of Landolphia).
 ;

KITOTO 168 KITWA

Eitoto, n. and adv.
dim. of {vi-), relief,anodyne. (From tua, tuliza.
mtoto, a small child, baby, like a Cf. ututulivu,faraja, baridi.)
child, foolishly. Kitumba, n. (vi-), dim. of m-
Kitovu, n. (vi-), the navel, the tumba, tumba, (1) a small bag, case,
umbilical cord. cover (2 ) a small bud.
;
Gunia ni k.
ELitoweo, n. (vi-), and Kitoeo, cha Hindi, a gunia is an Indian bag.
anything eaten as a relish with other Kitumbo, n. and adv. (1) dim. of
food, —
meat, fish, curry, &c, the — tumbo, small stomach, protuberance,
third common ingredient being m- swelling ; (2) obesity, a large abnor-
chuzi, gravy. (Cf. toweza, and mal stomach (cf. kikono, kiguu, of
kiwigo.) malformation or maiming); (3) as
Kitu, n. a thing, esp.
(vi-), (i) an adv., lata k., lie stomachwise, on
a sensible, material object, but also the stomach. (Cf. tumbua, m-
what is an object to the mind (2) ;
tumba, ? mtumbwi.)
substance, what a thing is made of, Kitumbua, n. (vi-), a small pan-
matter. Mtu ni k., lakini si k., a cake, a fritter. (Cf. prec.)
man may be regarded as a thing, but Kitumwa, n. and adv. {vi-), (1)
he is not (only) a thing. Pana k. dim. of mtumwa, a little slave (2) ;

hasira ? Is there such a thing as service, what is servile or degrading.

anger? Si k„ it is nothing, no mat- Fanya k., act as a slave, -a k., of a
ter (cf. haithurti, mamoja). Ha- slavish, servile kind. (Cf. tuma,
pana k., there is nothing, nothing at mtumwa, &c.)
all, nought. K. gani hicho? What Kitunda, n. {vi-), (1) dim. of
is that ? K. chake ni chuma, its tunda, a small fruit; (2) a chess
substance is iron. (Cf. mtu, and pawn (Str.).
utu. The idea of substance is '
' Kitunga, n. {vi-), dim. of tunga,
often conveyed by the abstract forms a small round flat basket.
beginning with -tt, and nyama is Kitunguu, n. {vi-), an onion.
also used, chiefly of organic sub- Kitunguu somu, garlic. {Stem is

stances.) Ar. for garlic.)

Kitua, n. a small tree,
(vi-), (1) Kituo, n. {vi-), (1) stopping,
shrub, bush, branch; (2) shade of resting, cessation, respite, remission,
a tree, shaded spot. Tuketi kituani, quiet; (2) a stopping-place, encamp-
let us sit in the shade. (Not usual ment, time for rest, stage in a journey
in Z., cf. kijiti, kivuli, which are the (3) a stop, a pause (e.g. in talking,
common words.) music, &c), a note of punctuation,
Kituko, n. (vi-), a feeling (object, end of a sentence. Roho yake haina
cause, &c.) of fear, a terror, horror, k., his spirit is always uneasy. Hana
fright, alarm. E. g. inatia watu k., he is always on the move (cf. opp.
vituko vya Zio/u, it causes people kitangd). Maneno yasiyo na k., talk
alarm. Mtu yuna (avuingiwa no) without breaks or pauses. Figa
kituko, the man is frightened. Vi- kituo, form an encampment. Ki-
tuko vikutishavyo terrors
, which swahili hakina k., the Swahili lan-
alarm you. (Cf. tukia, tukio, of guage has no fixed standard. (Cf.
incident, accident, and so special tua, utulivu, tuo, and simama, pu-
sensational alarming occurrence. Or 7>izika.)
cf. shtuka (stuka, situka), shtuko, Kitupa, n. (vi-), dim. of (1) tupa
of what is startling, alarming. For (i.e. chupa in Z.), a small bottle,
syn. cf. kitisho, kioja, a/a.) phial, flask; also of (2) tupa, a
Kitulizo, n. (vi-), a quieting in- small file.
fluence, a soothing force, a comfort, Kitwa, n. {vi-), usually in Z.
 KITWANA 169 KITJNGTJJA
sounded more as kichwa (which ing, fashion, way, proceeding, &c),
see), head. courage, strength, prudence, spirit,
Kitwana, n. (vi-), a boy or youth heroism. Watoto wq k., boys.
of the slave class. Dim. of mtwana, Fanya k., a man, show
act like
and contr. kijakazi, a slave girl. spirit, be brave. Sauti ya k., a bass,
Kiu, n. absence of water, drought, deep voice. Vaa k., wear a man's
want of water, thirstiness, thirst. clothes, dress as a man. a. —
Kuwa na k., kuona k:, to be thirsty. from -ume, agreeing with kitu, e. g.
Komesha k., quench thirst. K. ya kijana kiume, a young man. (Cf.
maji, lack of water. -ume, kuume, ndume, ume, and contr.
Kiua, n. (vi-), (i) verbal from kike.)
ua, v., that which (2) dim. of
kills; Kiunga, n. (vi-), (1) suburb of
ua, a small enclosure, or, a small a town, suburban residence, out-
flower. Also (3) name of a fish skirts, place adjacent. Ana k. chake
(perh. from (1)) (4) an eyelet-hole na nyumba yake mjini, he has an
;

(Str.). estate (garden) in the suburbs, and a

Kiuaji,n. (vi-), something that kills, house in the town. Akaa kiungoni,
a fatal, deadly thing, i.e. kitu cha he lives in the outskirts of the town.
kafisha, e. g. beast of prey, snake, The kiunga is often an orchard,
poison, fire-arms. (Cf. ua, v.) fruit or pleasure garden (contr. sha-
Kiuka, v. step over, get (leap, mba which general, and
is more in the
pass, jump) over, surmount. (Cf. country). (2) Name of a fish. (Cf.
kia, chupa, and more usual in Z. unga, kiungo.)
ruka, vuka.) Kiungo, n. (vi-), (1) act (method,
Kiuma, n. (vi-, — vyama,
means, &c.) of joining, a joining,
contr. as
plur. of chuma), (1) anything that link, connecting part, connexion,
bites, pierces, stings, hurts (cf. k. amalgamation. Hence (2) a joint of
mbuzi, the goat-biter, as name of the animal frame, a member of the
a kind of lizard k. inzi, the fly-biter, body, i. e. kiungo cha mwili.
;
Vi-
name of an insect) ; (2) esp. a small tiligo vimeachana, the joints have
pointed or pronged instrument, a come apart. Also achana viungo,
fork, an insect's sting. (Cf. tana, loosen the joints, of a man lying at
n. and v.) ease, —
so too jitupa viungo, of a
Kiumbe, n. (vi-), a created thing, sprawling attitude. Makuti ya ki-
a creature, but usually limited to the ungo, or ya viungo, cocoanut leaves
rational, or at least animate creation. prepared for use as thatch. See
E. g. pana nyama wawili na k. ki- Kuti. (3) Something which seasons,
moja, there are two animals and one gives a taste or relish to, food, e. g.
man. Mti umeumbwa kuwa k., la- sauce, pickle, salt, vinegar, &c,
kini si k., na nyama si k., mtu ni i. mchuzi, achali,
e. c/iumvi, siki.
k., a tree is a creature like a kiumbe, (Cf. unga, v.)
but it is not strictly a kiumbe, nor Kiunguja, n. and adv., the dialect
is an animal a kiunibe, but only man. of Swahili used in Zanzibar city and
(Cf. uviba, umbo, mautnbile, and —
neighbourhood, as contrasted with
pass, termin. -e.) the kindred dialects of the coast
Kiumbizi, n. (vi-), name of a kind (kimrima), of 'Mombasa (kimvita),
of dance with sticks. (Cf. ngoma.) and Lama (kiamu). Kiunguja is
Kiume, n. and adv. (seldom viume also used in contrast with kiswahili,
in plur. for usual -a kiume and with reference to points in which the
ndume), a male, something of the Zanzibar use is different from all or
male kind, manly behaviour (bear- most of the kindred dialects. (A
 — ;

KIUNGULIA 170 KIWAMBAZA

native will often say Kiswahili hilo, incense, fumigation, substance used
si kiunguja, that word is Swahili, in fumigation. (Cf. vukiza.)
but it is not used in Zanzibar, e. g. Kivuko, n. (vi-), act (place, time,
the word chaka for '
hot season.') means, &c.) of crossing (e.g. a river,
As adv., of the Zanzibar kind.'
' (Cf. marsh, &c), crossing - place, ford,
Unguja, and the Preface to Sacleux, ferry ; also, fee K.
for crossing.
Dictionnaire Francais- Swahili. ) kikavu, an isthmus connecting two
Kiungulia, n. stomachic disorder pieces of land.' (Cf. vuha.)
causing eructation or belching, heart- Kivuli, n. (vi-), (i) a shade, a
—
burn, also k. cha moyo. (Cf. shady place, a shadow; (2) a ghost.
ungua, and for the symptoms, (Cf. mvuli, uvuli, mwavuli.)
cheuka.) Kivumbasi, n. a strong-smelling
Kiunguza, n. (vi-), and similarly herb, used by the natives to keep off
Kiunguzo, something which burns, mosquitoes, —
a kind of basil. (Cf.
causes the sensation of burning, as — rihani.)
fire, acid, &c. (Cf. ungual) Kivumbi, n. and adv. (vi-), a
Kiungwana, adv. a gentle-
of particle of dust, like dust, dusty
manly, civilized, educated kind also, a dust- cloud, sand-storm (?).
(style, fashion, character, &c), in (Cf. vumbi.)
a way becoming a free man. Mw- Kivumi, n. (vi-), also similarly
anamke wa k., a lady (by birth Kivumo, (1) a rumbling (humming,
or manners). -a kiungwana, gen- buzzing, or roaring) sound, rumble,
tlemanly, courteous, &c. Cf. phrase hum, buzz, &c. (2) a rumour, a ;

hajambo ya kiungwana, i. e. he is report, bit of gossip, hearsay. (Cf.

quite well enough to work, if he vttma, uvumi.)
chooses. (Cf. -ungwana.) Kivunjo, n. (vi-), act (means,
Kiuno, n. (vi-), loin, flank, waist, way, &c.) of breaking. (Cf. vunja,
the part just above the hips (nyonga), mvunjo, &c.)
and groin (nena). In building, an Kivuno, n. (vi-), a harvest, profit,
abutment. Jambia kiunonina bakora something worth having. Ganda la
mkononi, dagger at waist and stick in mua chungu kaona kivuno, a bit of
hand. chewed sugar-cane the ant thought
Kiunza, n. (vi-), a board laid a prize. (Cf. vuna, and syn. chumo,
over a corpse, when placed in a faida.)
grave, —
also called mlango wa maiti, -kiwa, a. solitary, alone, desolate,
the dead man's door. Sometimes abandoned, outcast (with pfx. m-,
bamboos or sticks are so used. and wa-, of persons, pa- of place,
Kiunzi, n. (vi-), a wooden frame and u- of things, nyu?nba ttkiwa,
or structure, esp. of shipwrights' shamba ukiwa). (Cf. ukiwa, and
—
work, the hull of a vessel, the chief upweke, peke yake, -hame.)
native example of construction in Kiwaa, n. (vi-), dim. of waa,
wood. (Cf. unda, mwnnzi.) small spot, blotch, patch, stain,
Kivi, n. (vi-), elbow. (Cf. blemish, blot. (Cf. kipaku, ila.)
kisigino.) Kiwamba, n. (vi-), a little frame,
Kivimba, n. (vi-), and similarly support, prop. Watoto wanaotambaa
Kivimbe (or -i), a swelling, a pro- na wanaokwendea viwamba, chil-
tuberance, girth, circumference, big- dren who crawl and who walk with
ness of anything round. K. cha something to hold to. (Cf. tvamba,
mti, girth of a tree. (Cf. vii?iba, and follg.)
and mzingo.) Kiwambaza, n. (vi-), also Kiya-
Kivukizo, n. (vi-), act of burning mbaza, Kiambaza, a wall as made
 KIWAMBO 171 KIWIMAWIMA
by natives, i.e. a screen of sticks for putting, placing, resting, position ;

fastened to upright poles and filled (2) pedestal, base, rest, socket. Used
up with kneaded earth and stones. of wrist, k. cha mkono, and ankle,
(Cf. wamba, kiwambo, and ukuta.) k. cha mguu. (Cf. weko, kisigino,
Kiwambo, n. (W-),alsoKiyambo, kifundo.)
Kiambo, the act (process, means, Kiwele, n. (vi-), milk-gland of
&c.) of making one thing cover a female animal, udder.
another, and esp. of the thing which Kiwembe, n. {vi-), dim. oiuwet)ibe,
covers, overlays, or is stretched over a small razor, a knife. (Cf. kisu,
another, e. g. the k. of a drum kijembe.)
(ngoma) is the skin strained tightly Kiweo. n. (vi-), thigh, ham, esp.
over it, ngozi iliyowambiwa ngoma. of animals. (Cf. paja, more usual
K. cha makuti, a screen of cocoanut in Z.)
leaves. K. cha hitanda, the lacing Kiwete,
n. and adv. (1) lameness,
of a bed-frame with cord. (Cf. crippled condition (2) a crippled ;

wamba, hiwambaza.) person, a cripple (3) in a lame, ;

Kiwanda, n. (vi-), also Kiwanja, halting, crippled way. Kwenda k.,

a plot of ground, used for occupation walk lamely, -a k., crippled. Yu
rather than cultivation, whether open k., ana k., he is lame. (Cf. kilema,
or enclosed, i. e. a yard, premises, &c. kigmt, chechemea.)
uncovered or covered, i.e. a shed, a Kiwi, n. (vi-), (1) stout stick, bar
workshop, e. g. unipatie k., nataka of wood, set against a door, inside, as
kujenga nyumba, get me a piece of a fastening, &c. (cf. komeo, pingo) ;

ground, 1 want to build a house. (2) state of being dazzled, dazed,

Hii ilikawa nyumba, imevunjika, unable to see clearly, i. e. k. cha
sasa ni k. tu, this was a house, but macho. Jua lafanya k. cha macho,
it was taken down, and now it is only the sun blinds me, dazzles me. Haoni
a piece of ground. Akatiwa kiwa- usiku, ana k., he does not see at
ndani kushona nguo, he was put in night, his sight is defective.
a workshop to learn tailoring. (Cf. Kiwiko, n. (vi-). See Kiweko.
uwanda, tiwanja.) Kiwiliwili, n. and adv. (vi-), vari-
Kiwango, n. (vi-), (i) number, ously used as (1) the body in general,
a number (cf. wanga, and cheo. of man, animals, birds, &c, like
Kiwango is the B. word, but in Z. mwili\ (2) the main part of the body,
represented almost entirely by the the trunk, i. e. not with the head or
Ar. hesabu and daraja.) (2) Im- limbs or both (3) a part of the
;

portance, account, dignity, posi- body, member, limb (4) bulk, girth, ;

tion (3) behaviour or duties proper

;
size (cf. kivimba, unene). Kzizikwa
to a position, province, sphere of kwa fisi, si k. tu ? to be buried by
action. Ni k.changu kusema, it a hyaena, is not that just leaving the
is my duty (it proper for me) to
is body as it is, no grave at all ? Viwili-
speak thus. K. cha mtztmwa, the wili vyangu vyote vizima, all my
position of a slave. members are whole. K. chake chapa-
Kiwavi, n. (vi-), a nettle, sea taje? What does its bulk come to?
nettle (Str.). What does it measure round ? As
Kiwe, n. pimple, vesicle,
(vi-), adv., in a bodily* form. (Cf. mwi/i.
pustule, — as on the head after shaving Dist. -ivili, two, kuzvili, &c.)
the hair. (Cf. upele.) Kiwimawima, adv. in an erect
Kiweko, n. (vi-) t also Kiwiko (cf. position, upright, perpendicular, steep,
tweka, and twika), (1) act, &c. of e.g. of a steep hill, precipice. (Cf.
placing (see Ki- and Weka), place simama, ima, ? wima.)
 KIWIMBI 172 KIZTJKA
Kiwimbi, n. and adv. (vi-), dim. Kizibo, anything used
n. (vi-), (1)
of wimbi, wavelet, ripple, eddy. As to stop a hole or opening, a stopper,
adv., like a wave. Kama viwimbi, plug, cork, bung, &c, and (2) fig. of
undulating, with ridges, hillocks, &c. what is used merely .for filling a hole,
Kiwingu, n. (vi-), dim. of wingu, i.e. stop-gap, padding, temporary ex-
a small cloud. pedient. (Cf. ziba, mzibo.)
*Kiyama, general resurrec-
n. the Kizimba, n. (vi)-, also Kizimbi,
tion of the dead, as conceived by a cage with bars, coop for fowls, &c.
Mahommedans, lit. standing up, rising (Cf. kii'imba, tundn.)
up. (Ar. Cf. ufufuo.) Kizimwe, n. (vi-), also Kizimwi,
Kiyambasa, n. (vi-). See Kiwa- (1) something dried up, dead withered. ,

mbaza. Nazi kizimwe, a cocoanut without

Kiyoga, n. (vi-), a mushroom. milk or nutty substance, dry and
Kiyowe, n. (vi-), cry, shout, empty (cf. zima and -zimwe).
scream, esp. of a call for help. Piga (2) smut, blight (on cereals, &c.) ;

k., cry out for help. (Cf. ukelele, (3) a fairy, an evil spirit. (Cf.
kilio, kigelegele, ski me.) zimwi, mztmu.)
Kiza, n. (vi-), more usually giza Kizinga, n. (vi-), dim. of mzinga,
in Z., darkness, gloom, dimness, night. which see.
See Giza. Kizingiti, n. (vi-), top or bottom
Kizalia, n. (vi-), that which is piece of the frame of a door or
born in a given place, home-born, window, threshold, sill, lintel; (2)
indigenous, native, e.g. of home-born bar of a river, reef of rocks, natural
slaves. Huyn k. Unguja, this man dam, weir. Mlango wa
k., opening
was born in Zanzibar. (Cf. mzalia, in bar or reef, sluice, floodgate.
a
zaa, and kikulia, kimelea.) (Cf. mlango, kimandu, mwimo.)
Kizao, n. (vi-), a product, produc- Kizingo, n. (vi-), turning, wind-
tion, offspring. (Cf. zaa, zao.) ing, curve, bend, e.g. of a river, road.
Kizazi, n. (vi-), any part or step -a k., sinuous, winding, roundabout.
in causing birth, or being born, pro- Also kizingozingo. (Cf. mzingo,
creation, generation. Usually (i) •
zinga, zungztka.)
birth, production of offspring, being Kizio, n. (vi-), a half of a cocoa-
born. Haya niliyoandika ya k. cha nut, i. e. kizio cha nazi, and of other
Buge, this is my account of the cir- fruit, cut in halves.
cumstances of Buge's birth. Ana k., Kiziwi, a deaf person.
n. (vi-),
he has birth, he is a man of family. (Cf. tikiziwi, and possibly ziba. For
(2) That which is born, a birth, off- form cf. kipofu, kizee, kibiongo, kile-
spring, whether individually a child, '
ma, &c.)
a young one,' or collectively '
a gene- Kizizi, n. (vi-), small stall, &c.
ration.' K. hiki, the present genera- Dim. of zizi, which see.
tion. (Cf. zaa, uzazi, ??izazi.) Kizua, n. See Mazua.
Kizee, n. (vi-) and adv., (1) an Kizuio, n. (vi-), and Kizuizo
old person, or thing, esp. an old (and -zi), restraining, keeping back,
woman, crone, hag ; (2) in antiquated restraint, obstruction, hindrance,
style, old-fashioned. -a kizee, an- stopper. (Cf. zuio, znia, pinga,
tique, old, old-fashioned (cf. -akikale). vigogoro.)
Enda kizee, walk like an old person. Kizuka, n. (vi-), (1) something
(Cf. -zee, mzee, and perh. zaa.) which appears suddenly, thing seldom
Kizembe, n. and adv. (vi-), idling, seen, an apparition, phantom, ghost,
slack (remiss, negligent) conduct or portent. Hence (2) fairy, evil spirit,
act. (Cf. -zembe, uvivtt, ulegevn.) ghost; (3) and also a widow living
 ;

KIZTJLI 173 KOFIA

in seclusion after her husband's death. death which overtook him. Ko as
(Cf. zuka, kizushi.) a separate word only appears in such
Kizuli, n. also Kisuli, giddiness, a phrase as ko kote, wherever, under
mental confusion. (Cf. zulu, ma- whatever circumstances. (Cf. huko,
zua, zulika.) ku, mo,po.)
Kizungu, and adv., a European
n. Koa, n. (1) (ma-), a band of thin
language, in European style. Sema metal plate, esp. as worn for orna-
k., speak a European language. Vaa ment on the neck or arm, e.g. k. la
k., wear European dress. -a k., fetha, a silver armlet k. la shingo,
;

European. (Cf. mziingn (wa- and a neck ring (sometimes broadened

mi-), and perh. zunguka and follg.) into a crescent shape in front) (cf.
Kizunguzungu, n. (vi-), giddi- ukoa, kikoa, also furungu, kikuku,
ness, whirl, i.e. kizunguzungu cha and for ornaments generally urembo).
kichwa, vertigo. Mkondo wa k., an (2) (— and ma-), a snail, slug.
, Ule
eddy, whirlpool. Mzungu mambo wa k., the slime of a snail. (Cf.
yake ni kizungtizungu, a European's konokono.)
ways makes one's head go round. Kobe, n. (ma-), a land tortoise.
(Cf. kizua, mazua, and zunguka, (Cf. kasa, ng'amba. Dist. mkobe, a
mzungu?) wallet.)
Kizushi, n. {vi-), a person or Koboa, v. See Goboa.
thing suddenly appearing, i.e. (i) Kobwe, n. a kind of bean, like
newcomer, intruder, heretic, revolu- kunde, sold in Z.
tionist; (2) novelty, phenomenon, Koche, n. (ma-), the edible fruit
sensation, apparition. Mwana wa of a kind of palm. See Mkochi.
mtu ni kizttshi, akizuka zuka naye, *Kodi, n. rent, tax, customs.
i. there is no knowing what a man
e. (? Hind. ushuru.)
Cf. Ar.
may do, best follow all his movements. Kodoa, v. esp. with macho, open
(Cf. zua, zuka, kizuka, uztishi.) the eyes wide, stare, glare. Ap.
Kizuu, n. (vi-), a kind of evil kodolea (macho), -ewa, stare at, gaze
spirit, capable of being employed to at fixedly with eyes wide open.
enter houses in the form of rats and Kwani kunikodolea macho ? Why are
kill people by devouring their livers. you staring at me? (Cf. ngariza,
(? Cf. prec. and zua, also see Uchawi.) kaza macho?)
-ko is a form of the Demonstr. Kodwe, n. small stone, used as
Pfx. ku, the (a) either denoting a marble in games, —
as are korosho
reference or relative distance, ' there' and komzue. (Ci.jiwe, ?nbwe.)
(b) or else giving it the force of a Kofi, n. (ma-), (1) flat of the hand,
relative pronoun, 'where' (see Ku). the palm extended or upturned (2) ;

Ko (1) forms part of the Demonstr. a blow with the open hand, slap,
adv. huko and kuko, which see ; (2) box on the ears (3) as much as can
;

affixed to ndi- and Pers. Pfx. and the be held on the palm of the upturned
verb -wa or its equivalents, has a hand. Piga k., (1) slap, box on the
demonstrative force usually local, ear, (2) clap the hands. (Cf.
'there, thence, thither,' e. g.yuko, he is mkono, and for handfull ukufi, kikofi,
there. Ndiko aliko, that is where he chopa, konzi.)
is. (3) In verb-forms generally is the *Kofia, n. ?ap, — in Z. usually a
form of relative pronoun agreeing fez of red cloth, or of white linen,
with the Infin. Mood, and nouns and often elaborately stitched. Used also
pronouns, &c. with the Pfx. ku. of any foreign head-cover. Vaa k.,
Huko anakokwenda, there where he put on a cap. Vua k., take off a
is going. Kufa kulikompata, the cap. (Cf. chapeo.)
 —
KOGA 174 KOLEA
Koga, n. mould, blight, mustiness. lewa, e.g. mchanga unakokolewa na
Fanya {ptd) k., get mouldy (blighted). maji, the sand is swept away by the
(Cf. ktitu, kizimwe, and dist. zikoga.) water. (Cf. zoa,fagia.)
Also v. for kuoga, bathe. See Kokomoka, belch, vomit vio-
v.
Oga. lently, and fig. blurt out, burst out
Kogo, n. the part of the skull with. (Cf. bubujika, and tapika.)
which projects at the back, the back Kokota, v. drag, haul, tug at,
of the head, occiput. pull along, draw.
(Cf. kikosi, K. gari, draw a
kishogo.) cart (carriage). K. roho, used of
Kohoa, v. cough. Cs. koko-za,slow painful breathing. K. maneno,
-zwa. Jikohoza, cough on purpose (as of slow dragging speech, difficult
a sham, to attract attention, to de- articulation. K. kazi, work slowly.
ceive a person, &c). (Cf. follg. Jikokota, move slowly (reluctantly,
and koo.) &c). Ps. kokotwa. Nt. koko-
Kohooi, n. (ma-) and Kohozi, ex- teka. Ap. kokot-ea, -ewa, e. g.
pectoration, sputum, phlegm coughed kamba za kukokotea, cords to draw
up. (Cf. prec, and ukohozi, ki- with. Cs. kokot-eza, -ezwa, e.g.
kohozi, belghamu.) kokoteza kazi, work slowly (whether
Koikoi, n. (ma-), a kind of evil from care or laziness). (Contr. ki-
spirit. (Cf. pepo.) mbiza, and cf. endeleza.) (Cf. -ko-
Koja, n. (i) a neck ornament, a kotevu, kokoto, and syn. vuta.)
ring with disks or coins attached worn -kokotevu, a. (same with 5 (S), D
round the neck (cf. koa, and urembo) ; D 6) , dragging, dilatory, slow. (Cf.
(2) a kind of metal pot (cf. kopo, prec.)
sufurid) ; (3) see Khoja. Kokoto, n. (ma-), usu. in plur.
Kojoa, v. urinate, make water. small stones, esp. with reference to
Ap. kojolea. Kopo (chombo, bakuli) use as material (e.g. makokoto ya
la kukojolea, chamber-pot. Cs. ko- kupigilia, for use in concrete, m. ya
josha, e.g. dawa ya kukojosha, a kutomelea, for use in plastering), and
diuretic. (Cf. follg. and mkojo, classed according to size, as compared
also nya, and Ar. tabawali.) with common fruits, e.g. makokoto
Kojozi, n. urine (for common ya ndimu (lime size), ?n.ya malimau
mkojo). Also, that which causes mic- (lemon size), m. ya nazi (cocoanut
turition. (Cf. prec.) size). (Cf. kokota?)
Koka, v. set on fire (or ? heap up, Kokwa, n. ( — , and ma-), stone
e.g. kokeni mabiwi ya moto, of burn- of a fruit. See Koko (with which it

ing rubbish). Seldom in Z., for seems connected).

common tia (or, chomd) moto, washa. Kolea, put something into
v. (1)
Also koka for kuoka, bake (see Oka, food to give it a taste, season (with),
and cf. koga for kuoga). (Perh. cf. flavour (with), give a relish to; (2)
chocha, and obs. kokoa.) be properly seasoned, have a flavour;
—
Koko, n. ( , and ma-), (1) stone and (3) fig. have point (force, mean-
of a fruit, —the kernel being kiini ing). K. samli katika chakula, fla-
(cf. kokwa) ; (2) bush, underwood, vour food with ghee. Ubishi wake
jungle. Mbwa koko, a bush-dog, i.e. haukukolea, his joke fell flat. Obs.
in a semi-wild state. Kaa makoko, Cs. form in koleza moto, make up
small mud crabs (cf. mkoko). (Dist. a fire, make it burn up (with oil,
koko for, or plur. of, ukoko.) shavings, &c.) (? cf. koka). (Cf.
Kokoa, v. sweep up, collect to- follg., also syn. unga, kiungo, and
gether in a heap, —
of dust, rubbish, kitoiveo. Also cf. in Kr. koleza, v.,
&c, i.e. k. matakataka. Ps. koko- seize person or property.)
 KOLEKOLE 175 KOMBO
Kolekole, n. name of a large of milk, but beginning to form the
fish, ? dolphin. soft nutty substance inside. K. chu-
Koleo, n. ( — , and ma-), a smith's ngu, clean out a cooking pot. A".
tool for handling his work, i.e. kidude taka (maji, vumbi), clean out dirt
cha kushikia chuma, a pair of tongs, (water, dust). K. mtu mali, clear a
e.g. kzizi??ia koleo si mwisho wa man out of his money, ruin, im-
uhunzi, cooling the tongs is not the poverish. Ps. kombwa. Nt. ko-
end of the job. Also (i) any similar mbeka, be cleaned or cleared out.
instrument, pincers, &c. (2) notch; —
Ap. komb-ea, -ewa, also komb-elea,
in an arrow (held on the string with -elewa, -eleka, -elesha, -eleshwa, e. g.
the fingers). (Cf. prec.) ameko?nbeleka mali, he has lost every
*Koli, n. and Kol, a ship's papers. penny he had. Kombelesha mchuzi
(? Ar. kid.) kwa wali, sop up the gravy with the
Koma, v. cease, come to an end, rice. Cs. komb-esha, -eshwa. (Cf.
stop, decease. Also sometimes act., ukombe, kombo, kombe, kikombe,
bring to an end, close. Lisilo m- komba, kikomba, kombeo, komboa, and
ko??ia,hujikoma lilo, what has no ? ktimba.)

one to end it, ends of itself. tVali- Komba, n. a small racoon-like

pokoma nussu ya njia, when they animal, galago, —
common in Z. and
ended half the journey. Yalipo- very destructive to cocoanuts. (Cf.
koma magrebi, when evening set in. prec.)
Koma stop coming further.
usije, Kombamoyo, n. (ma-), a long
Cs. kom-esha, -eshwa, make stop, thin straight pole. Used as rafters
bring to an end, thwart, forbid, kill, in constructing the roof of native
— usually implying some force or huts, resting on the side poles (nguzo)
abruptness. Komesha maneno, stop and carrying the cross-pieces {Jito)
conversation, cut short a debate. and thatch.
(Cf. kikomo, ukomo, ?ukoma, and syn.
—
Kombe, n. ( — , and ma-), (1) any-
is ha, nyamaa, tindika.) n. thing hollowed or scraped out, flat
{ma-), the edible fruit of a kind of and slightly curved, and also (2) an
palm, mkoma (same as koche, a local instrument suited for scraping or
name). hollowing. Hence various meanings,
Komaa, v. (1) be fully ripe, be full e. g. (1) a large dish, pan, or platter
grown (developed, matured), and so of earthenware, charger (cf. kikombe).
(2) be past the prime, fall off, begin (2) bivalve shell-fish and their shells,
to lose powers, decline, become de- such as oysters, &c., k. ya pwani
moralized. Cs. komaza, unduly (cf. kome, konokono, kauli). (3)
stimulate, over-excite, make game of, Shoulder blade, k. la bega, or la
mock. Usinette nakukomaza, do not mkono, also of an empty skull, k. la
say I am talking improperly with kichwa (cf. kichwa, bupurti,fuvu or
you. (Cf. pevuka, balehi, -zima.) fuu). (4) Like ukombe, a gouge,
Komafi, n. (ma-), fruit of the tree scraper, e. g. miiba na kombe za
Mkomafl, which see. kunichoma, thorns and sharp edges
Komamanga, n. (ma-), pome- hurting me. Also of the fluke of an
granate, the fruit of the mkoma- anchor, baura ya mako??ibe mawili,
manga. (Cf. mkoma, and manga.) a European anchor with two flukes.
Komba, scrape out, hollow out,
v. (Cf. komba, v. and note, and ukombe.)
clean out. IL.g.k.ngoma, make a drum Kombeo, n. (ma-), a sling for —
(by hollowing it out). K. dafu, scrape throwing stones.
out the nutty part of a cocoanut. Kombo, n. (ma-), (1) a scrap, a
Cf. dafu la kukomba, a cocoanut full scraping, a bit of food remaining
 )

KOMBOA 176 KONGOA

over. (2) Like kikombo (which com- Komoa, v. unbar, i.e. remove the
pare) (a) twist, turn, crook, crooked- komeo. Ps. komolewa. Ap. komo-
ness, (b) deviation from the straight lea, -lewa. (Cf. komea.)
or standard, defect, fault, ill temper, Komwe, n. (ma-), seed of a plant
awkwardness, difficulty, sticking mkomwe, used as counters in playing
point. Mti huu ni kombo kombo, games.
or una kombo, this tree is all crooked. Konda, v. also Gonda, grow thin,
Hapana k., there is no difficulty, it is become lean, be emaciated, get into
all straightforward, plain sailing. low condition of health or body, pine.
Muni, ni k. nayo, as for me, I just Cs. kond-esha, -eshwa, cause to get
cannot do it. (3) Escape, acquittal, thin, wear out, dispirit, cause to pine
pardon, e.g. omba k., ask for pardon, (languish). Jikondesha, worry one-
-pa k., grant pardon. (Cf. komboa, self by brooding, taking a matter too
and komba, v. and note.) much to heart.
Komboa, v. (1) scrape out, and Kondavi, n. (ma-), a broad belt
so (2) ransom, redeem, deliver, make of beads worked in patterns, worn —
compensation for, pay for. Nita- by women. (Cf. us/ianga, utunda.)
komboa mtu aliyeuzwa, I will re- Konde, n. (ma-), (1) fist, closed
deem the man who was sold. K. hand. Piga k., strike with the fist
deni, pay a compensate a credi-
debt, (knuckles of the closed hand), i.e.
tor. (3) Make crooked, warp, put ktva nyut7iaya vidole. Piga moyo k.,
out of the straight, or out of shape, take courage, cheer up, make a bold
give a turn (or twist) to, and so fig. resolve (cf. ngumi, konzi). (2) A field,
cause difficulty to, thwart, hamper, clearing, cultivated piece of ground.
give trouble to. Ps. kombolewa. Lima k., till a plot of land. (Cf.
Nt. komboka, e.g. (1) be crooked, shamba.)
(2) be redeemed. Ap. kombo-lea, Kondo, n. Kondo ya nyuma,
-leza, -lezwa, e. g. maliya kukombolea, after-birth. (Cf. mkondo. Kondo,
money for a ransom. Cs. kombo-za, war, is not used in Z.)
-zwa, (1) make crooked, (2) cause
komba, v. and
Kondoo, n. ( — ,

Chunga k., keep sheep, act as shep-

and ma-), a. sheep.
to ransom. (Cf.
note, — also mkombozi, ukombozi.) herd. Manyoya ya k., wool, fleece.
*Kombora,n.a bomb, a shell, also K. mtime (or, ndume), a ram. K.
a mortar for throwing bombs. ( Ar. jike, ewe. (Cf. kikondoo. Sheep,
Kombozi, {ma-), generally mostly of the fat-tailed kind, are
n.
z^0wfo>zz,ransorn,redemption-money, imported to Z., but not kept or bred
payment, compensation. (Cf. prec.) there.)
—
Kome, n.( and ma-), also Gome,
, Konga, v. grow old, get feeble with
Mzee hnyu amekonga, hawezi
a kind of shell and shell-fish. K. za age.
pwani, univalves. (Cf. kombe, and kufanya kazi, this old man is weak
gome.) with age, he cannot work. Cs.
Komea, v. bolt, bar, fasten with a kong-esha, -eshwa, make old, add to
komeo. Ps. komewa. Nt. komeka, the age of, wear out, e. g. with nagging
Ap. kome-lea, -lewa, e.g. uftmguo wa or abuse. (Cf. -kongwe, kongoja.)
kukomelea, a key to move a bolt. Konge, n. plur. of ukonge, fibres
Cs. kom-eza, -ezwa, cause to fasten of a kind of Sansevieria (mkonge),
a door, (Cf. komeo, komoa, kiwi, used for making string and cord.
funga, pingo.) See Mkonge.
Komeo, n. {ma-), bar, bolt, latch Kongo, n. also Koongo. See
(of wood), for fastening a door or win- Korongo.
dow, a kind of native lock. (Cf. prec.) Kongoa, v. draw out, cut out,
 '

KONGOJA 177 KOO

extract, disengage. K. mistnari, draw Konka, v.take a sip of, get a drop
a nail. K.jino, extract a tooth (com- of,—used of water enough to allay,
monly ng oajino). Walikottgoa pembe. , not quench, thirst, i.e. konka maji.
they cut out the (elephant's) tusks. (Cf. on/a.)
K. unyele, draw out a hair. Ap. Kono, n. (ma-), something that
kongo-lea, -lewa, take to pieces, break projects, out, e.g. a handle,
sticks
up, e. g. a frame of any sort, a box, a shoot or sprig of a plant. (Cf.
a boat. Nashua yote ilikongolewa mkono, kikono, ukono.)
vipande, the whole boat was taken Konoa, v. See Konyoa.
to pieces. Kongolea sanduku, open Konokono, n. (ma-), a snail.
—
a case, by extracting the nails, &c. (Cf. koa.)
(Cf. ng'oa, kongomana.) Konyeza, v. make a covert sign
Kongoja, v. walk feebly (with to, i. order to attract notice, to
e. in
difficulty), totter, stagger. Ap. warn, to give a hint to, e. g. k. kwa
kongoj-ea, -ewa, e. g. fitnbo la kuko- macho, raise the eyebrows, wink k. ;

ngojta, a stick to steady one's steps kwa mkono, make a significant gesture.
with. Jikongojea, prop oneself, Ap. konye-zea, -zewa. (Cf. follg.
steady — as
with a stick.
oneself, and ashiria, otiya. Kr. has konya,
Nipe gongo langu mkongojo nipate deceive, hoodwink, not usual in —
kujikongojea, give me my staff that z.)
I walk with, so that I may steady Konyezo, n. (ma-), a sign, hint,
myself. (Cf. konga, -kongwe, mko- suggestion, warning. (Cf. prec.)
ngojo.) Konyoa, v. break off, pluck off,
Kongomana, meet together, be
v. tear off, esp. with some instrument, e.g.
united, be joined, be assembled, be of removing the grains from a cob of
heaped (gathered, piled) together. maize, by pounding, i. e. k. mahindi.
Cs. kongomanisha, gather, assemble, K. embe, peel a mango with a knife.
unite, weld, heap together, agglo- Also k. maungo, dismember, quarter.
merate. (Cf. mkongomano, kongoa, Ps. konyolewa. Nt. konyoka. Ap.
and the more common kuta, kutana, konyo-lea, -lewa.
kutanisha, ktisanya, &c.) Konzi, n. ( — , and ma-), (i) closed
Kongomea, v. fasten up, nail up, fist. Piga k., rap with the knuckles,
put together. Akazikongomea nguo with the back of the hand. (2) A
zangu katika bweta, and he-nailed up fistful, as much as can be taken up
all my clothes in a trunk. (Cf. in the closed fingers, i. e. vidole vili-
prec.) vyofumbwa, e. g. teka konzi mbili za
Kongomeo, n. {ma-), a fastening, mchele, take two fistfuls of rice.
also ? larynx, Adam's apple. (Cf. (Cf. konde, ngumi, also kofi, chopa.)
prec.) Konzo, n. (ma-), large stick, stake,
Kongwa, n. (ma-), a forked stick, or pole, —
with the end pointed and
a slave stick, i. e. a stick or pole with hardened with fire, used as weapon,
a forked end in which the slave is se- hunting-spear, or in pitfalls set for
cured by the neck with an iron cross- large animals. (Cf. mkoftzo, mkuki.)
pin. (Cf. mpanda, panda la mti.) Koo, n. (ma-), (1) throat ;
(a) ail-
Kongwe, a lead in singing.
n. ment of the throat ;
(b) mucus from
Tea k., start a song, give a lead, lead throat, expectoration (cf. kohoa, as if
off. (Cf. bwaga uimbo.) kohoo and kohozi). (2) Of a breed-
-kongwe, a. old, worn-out, aged, ing animal or bird, e. g. k. la kukit,
past work. Mzee mkongwe, a feeble a breeding fowl. K. la mbuzi, a
old man. (Cf. konga, kikongwe, breeding goat (an idiomatic inversion
tikongwe.) of kuku wa koo, cf. pandikizi la mtu,
N
 ;)

KOPA 178 EOEONGO

&c.). (Dist. mkoo, ukoo, and cf. hiki kimenikora, this food has satis-
umio, roho.) fied me. Ps. korwa, e. g. be loved
Kopa, n. (ma-), a slice of dried by, have one's wishes met by, be
cassava (mhogo). (Cf. mhogo, pleased with. (Ar. Cf. syn.
ubale.) pendeza, rithisha.)
Kopa, v. (i) get food or money on *Korani, n. the Coran, the Ma-
credit, borrow for trading purposes, hommedan Bible. (Cf. sura,
i.e. on promise to account for accord- chapter j'uzu, aya, short section
;

ing to agreement, negotiate a loan on soma and hitima for reading.)

credit. K. mali (nguo,fetha) borrow
, *Korija, n. and Korja, a score,
goods (cloth, cash). (2) Swindle, a lot of twenty, twenty together.
cheat, defraud, get on false pretences. Used in selling poles, strings of
Ps. kopwa, i.e. (1) (of things) be beads, lengths of cloth, &c.
borrowed (2) (of persons) be swin-
;
*Korodani, n. sheave of a pulley.
dled. Ap. kop-ea, -ewa, borrow (?Ar. Cf. roda.)
from (for, with, &c), cheat by (for, -korofi, a. (same with D
4 (P),
with, &c), e. g. nimekukopea nguo D 5 (S), D 6), (1) evil-minded,
kwa Baniani kwa reale mbili, kwa tyrannical, destructive, malignant,
muda wa miezi miwili, I have bor- brutal, savage (2) inauspicious, of
;

rowed cloth for you from the Banian ill omen, unlucky. Mkorofi sana
for two dollars on a credit of two huyu, he is a monster of cruelty.
months. Cs. kop-esha,-eshwa,-eshea, Ndege korofi, an evil (inauspicious,
-eshewa, lend, supply goods on credit unlucky) omen. (Cf. follg. and
(to), advance as a loan, e.g. mlipe ukorofi.)
mtu kadiri akukopes heavy 0, pay him Koroflka, v. be treated brutally,
as much as he advances to you. be ruined. Also Cs. korof-isha, -ish-
(Cf. Ar. azimu, karithi.) wa, treat with cruelty, bring to ruin.
—
Kope, n. ( , and ma-), (1) burnt (Cf.prec.,and syn. haribika, angamia.
Koroga, v. stir, stir up, mix by
end of the wick of candle or lamp,
snuff, i. e. kope la taa, kope la utambi ; stirring (of liquids). K. maji, make
(2) eye-lid, e.g. nje ya kope chozi water muddy by stirring. Ps.
likichuuza, outside the eye-lid a tear korogwa. Ap. korog-ea, -ewa, stir
was trickling. Kwa kope la juu with (in, for, &c). Cs. korog-
na chini, in the twinkling of an eye. esha, -eshwa. (Cf. buruga, vuruga,
(Cf. ukope, kikope, kopesa.) pigisha, mkorogo.)
Kopesa, v. kopesa macho, wink. Koroma, v. snore, snort, groan,
(Cf. kope,pepesa macho, finya macho.) — and of similar sounds. Amesikia
—
Kopo, n. ( , and ma-), used very wamekoroma, he has heard them
— (ma-), a snore,
generally of any vessel of metal (esp. snoring. n. (1)
of tin, zinc, sheet iron), can, mug, snoring, snort (cf. mkoromo, mkoro-
pot, jug, cup, &c, — the size being maji, msono). A cocoanutjust
(2)
relatively indicated by the declension, becoming milk drying, the
ripe, the
e.g. kikopo, a small jug, makopo, nutty part formed and hardening,
very large jugs. Used also of other between the stages of dafu and nazi.
metal articles, e. g. kopo la maji, See Nazi.
a gutter, rain spout. (Cf. tasa, Korongo, (ma-), (1) a hole
n.
sufuria, and for other vessels gener- dibbled or dug in the ground for
ally chombo, chungu.) planting or sowing. Mamlaka ya
*Kora, v. please, satisfy, be on kupiga makorongo na knpiga mrabba,
good (comfortable, confidential) the office of making the holes and
terms with, be loved by. Chakula marking out the plots. (2) Name of
 KORORO 179 KU-
a crane, and so fig. used of a lean, Kozi, (1) name of a
Kosi, n. or
lanky person. large
of prey, vulture, eagle
bird
Kororo, n. («a-), a crested (cf. tai,furukombe)\ (2) like kikosi,
guinea-fowl, —
the common sort being back of the neck, nape, i. e. nyuma
kanga. ya shingo. Vunja kosi, break the
Korosho, n. {ma-), a cashew nut, neck. (Cf. kogo, kishogo.)
produced by the tree mbibo or m- Kota, n. {ma-), (1) a crook, bend,
kanju. (Cf. bibo, dunged) crooked condition, e. g. k. la miguu,
Koru, n. also Euro, a water-buck. crooked legs (cf. more usual kombo) ;

Kosa, v. (i) make a mistake (as (2) sweet stalks of a kind of millet,
to), do wrong (to), offend (against), chewed like sugar-cane (cf. bua, and
go astray (in), blunder, err;mtama). (2) fail
to get (hit, find, Kota, v. kota moto, warm oneself
attain), miss (a
mark), fall short, be deficient, be by the fire. (See Ota, with Infin.
defective (3) lack,
;
be without, lose, kuota, kota, and m-oto.)
suffer loss E.g. nimekosa, I
of. Kotama, a thin curved broad-
n.
have failed, done wrong, sinned. bladed knife, used in getting palm
Hamkunikosa neno hatta sik ?noja, t wine {tembo), esp. for cutting a thin
you never treated me badly (failed in slice from the growing shoot to en-
duty to me) in any particular. Mtu able the sap to flow more freely.
akikosa ??iali hawi mtu mbele ya {Cf.gema, and for knives, kikotama,
watu, a man without money is not kisu,jambia, kijembe.)
a man in the sight of men. Amem- Kote, a. form of -ote, all, agreeing —
kosa nduguye, he has lost his brother. with 8. DAs adv. kote, kotekote,
K. njia, miss the road. K. nyama, under all circumstances, everywhere,
miss (shooting) an animal. K. ska- on all sides.
baha, miss the mark. Kosakosa, Kovu, n. ( — , and ma-), scar,
make a series of blunders. Ps. mark of a wound
or injury.
koswa. Nt. koseka, e. g. be done Ku (also kw- before a vowel, and
—
wrongly, with Rp. kosekana, e. g. sometimes k before and u, e. g.
be missed, be wanting, be not to be kwetida, koga, kote), beside its inde-
had, fail. Muungu hakosekani wala pendent use, is a pfx. used in verbs,
hafi, God never fails (is absent) or adjectives, a few nouns, and in the prep.
dies. Neno hili limekoseka, this kwa {ku-a). (See follg.) Used inde-
affair has been bungled. Ap. kos- pendently, ku means ' is, are,' either
ea, -ewa, offend (against, about, &c). with purely general reference to cir-
Kosea sheria, commit a legal offence. cumstances or environment, i. e. ' it is,
Cs. kos-esha, -eshwa, cause to do there is,' or referring to an Infinitive
wrong, mislead. Rp. kosana, e. g. or noun beginning with ku-, e. g.
miss each other, quarrel, treat each ku kwema leo, it is nice to-day;
other badly, disagree. (Cf. -kosefic, kufa ku rahisi, dying is easy.
ukosefu, ukosekano.) n. {ma-),— Ku-, 1. in verbs, ku- is used as
mistake, a miss, error, fault, failing, a Pers. Pfx., and as a sign of mood,
failure, defect, wrongdoing, Si
sin. and of tense, (a) As a Pers. Pfx.,
kosa lake, it is not his fault. Tia ku (1) may have a purely general
kosani, blame, accuse. Sahihisha reference, e. g* kunani {kuna nini) ?
makosa, correct mistakes. What is there ? What is the matter ?
-kosefu, a. (same with D 4 (P), Kumetanda, it is overcast (a dull
D 5 (S), D 6), full of (given to, liable day). Kutoke watu wazima zvaen-
to) mistakes, erroneous, defective, &c. ende, let the grown-up people start
(Cf. prec.) to go. Kulikuwa mtu, there was a
N 2
 KU- 180 KUBA
man. Kuna safari leo, there is cating position generally ; kuume, the
a journey to-day. (2) May refer toright-hand position, also, the male
an Infinitive or noun beginning with sex, kuke, the female sex, e. g.jamaa
ku-, e. g. kusafiri kumekwisha, ya kukeni, a relation, in the female
travelling is over. (3) Is the objec- line, or, on the mother's side. Also
tive Pfx. of 2 Pers. Sing., e. g. nakn- n. kule, that place (case, condition,
penda, I love you. Kwenda huko &c), kuku, and kwetu, our country,
kulikufaa, going there did you good. home, as virtual nouns. (b) Ad-
And, with -eni following, the root ku verbs, e. g. upanga unakata kuwili,
supplies one form of the objective the sword cuts on both sides, is
Pfx. of 2 Pers. Plur. Nakuambieni, double-edged. Kaa sit on
kushoto,
I tell you. (people). (b) As a sign the Also kule, there, huku,
left.
of tense, ku, with the Negat. Pers. here, kuku huku, just here. It is in
Pfx. preceding it, is the sign of the these advs. and in its use as a person-
Past Tense of the Negat. Conjug., pfx., that a positive demonstrative
e. g. sikujua, I did not know. meaning of ku appears, viz. as an
Hazikitpendwa, they have not been element denoting general reference
liked. Kuja hukti hakukukuku- to circumstances, condition, state,
mbusha, coming here did not remind but esp. to locality, i. e. indicating
you. (f) Ku is the sign of the 'circumstances under which or place '
'

Infin. Mood in all verbs, e. g. kuzua, where something occurs.

'
(<r) The

kwenda, kupenda, &c. (d) Ku is prep, kwa, i. e. ku-a. See -a. (Cf.
inserted, without specific meaning, ko, &\so pa,po, and mu, mo.)
before the root of all monosyllabic Kua, v. grow, grow up, get large,
verbs (i. e. -fa, -cha, -la, -pa, -nya, increase, become great, —
used of the
-ja, -wa), and of some disyllabic growth of men and animals (but ota,
verbs occasionally (e. g. is ha, uza, mea, usual of plants, and similar
oga, ota), after all tense signs, except growths). Mtoto umleavyo ndivyo
a, fa, ka, ki, ku, nga (which alone akuavyo, as you bring a child up,
are capable of bearing an accent), e. g. so he grows up. Ap. ku-lia,
alikufa, amekufa, atapuja, not alifa, -liwa, e. g. (1) grow up in (at, by,
amepa,ataja. Obs. ku as Infinitive &c). E. g. mtoto huyu amekulia
for,
sign is sometimes dropped, esp. when hapa, this child has grown up here
a verb preceding and governing the (cf. kikulid). Also apparently (2)
Infinitive is a semi-auxiliary, e. g. be (too) great for, be heavy to,
nimekwisha pata (for kupata), I have burden, be hard for, e. g. amekuliwa
got. Ataka fanya, he wants to do kufanya kazi hii, he has found the
it. Aenda tafuta, he goes to search. job too hard for him. Neno hill
2. In adjectives, ku- is the pfx. agree- lime??ikulia, kubwa, zito, the thing
ing (a) with D 8 ;
(b) like pangu is too much for him, it is big
and ?nwangu, with nouns of the and weighty (cf. -kulifu). Cs.
Locative form, ending in -ni, e.g. kuza, kuzwa, make great, enlarge,
kukwaa kwake nyumbani kwangu, magnify, increase, glorify. E.g.
his sojourn in my house. 3. Ku is kuza Sultani, make the Sultan
also used, but only in connexion with powerful. Muungu amekuza umri
a few roots, to form (a) nouns, e. g. wake, God has prolonged your life.
kuzimu, the world of spirits, the state (Cf. -kuu, -kubwa, tukuka, tukuza,
or place of departed souls, kumoja, kikulia, ukulifu.)
'
one kind, e. g. kazi zetu hazina ku- Kuaheri, Kuaherini, good-bye,
moja, our work is not all of one adieu ! —
for kwa heri. See Heri.
kind ; kushoto, the left-hand, as indi- *Kuba, n. vaulted roof, arched
 KUBALI 181 KUKU
structure, cupola, dome. Dim. and Verbal of cha, the dawn, morning,
n.
adv. kikuba. (Ar. Cf. zege. Kuba all the night. See -cha. (3) Plur.
is sometimes used for kubwa, great. of ukucha, nails, claws, and some-
Dist. guba, ghubba.) times sing, kucha {ma-), of size.
*Kubali, v. accept, approve, ac- Kuchewa, Kuchwa, Ps. forms
knowledge, assent (to), agree (to), from kucha. See -cha, v.
welcome. Ps. kubaliwa. Nt. *Kufuli, n. ( —
and ma-), a pad-
,

kubalika, e.g. be acceptable, be lock. (Ar. Cf. kitasa.)

capable of acceptance. Nt. kubal- *Kufuru, v. (1) treat with mockery
ia, -iwa, accept from (about, at, &c). or contempt, revile, curse, and esp.
Cs. kubali-sha, -shwa, force to accept, (2) with reference to religion, become
procure acceptance by, win over, an unbeliever, apostatize, blaspheme,
persuade, &c. Rp. kubaliana, commit sacrilege, renounce God.
e.g. be on good terms. (Cf. Ps. kufurhva. Nt. kufurika.
kibali, ukubali, and syn. kiri, lithia, Ap. kufur-ia, -iwa. Cs. kufur-isha,
ithini.) -zj/zwa, make (consider, treat as, force
Kubazi, n. {ma-), a plain Hnd
of to be, urge to be, &c.) an unbeliever,
sandal with no ornamental work. cause to blaspheme. (Ar. Cf.
(Cf. kiatu, mta/awanda.) ukufurtc, ukafiri, -kajiri.)
-kubwa, a. {kubwa with D
4 (P), Kuguni, n. a hartebees*".
—
D5 (S),D6), sometimes pronounced *Kuhani, n. {ma-). See Kahini,
kuba, (1) great, big, large, spacious, Mkohani. (Ar.)
extensive, e. g. nyumba k., a large Kuke, n. and Kuuke (from -ke, —
house; skamba k., an extensive estate, like uke and kike, of sex, —
but more
large garden. Kisu kikubwa, a large generalized), the female kind, feminine
knife. (2) Great in power (influence, status or condition, —
used only in
rank, importance, &c), important, a few adjectival phrases. Mkoiio wa
significant. Bwana mkubwa, bibi kuke, the left hand, as the (usually)
mkubwa, is a usual term of respectful weaker, also wa kike, but commonly —
address or reference. Neno limekutva wa kushoto. Opp. to mkono wa
kubwa, halikataliki, the matter has kuume. Kukeni, on the female side,
become urgent, it cannot be met with by the mother. Ujamaa wa kttkeni,
a negative. Asiosikia mkubwa, huona relatives on the mother's side, in the
makubwa, he who disregards a female line. Contr. Ttjamaa wa
superior, generally finds serious con- kike, female relatives. (Cf. -ke,
sequences. (3) Elder, oldest. Ndugu and ku.)
yangu mkubwa, my elder brother. Kuko, (1) n. a. and adv. that
(4) -kubtva is used with a noun or there, that, there, e. g. kuko ni kuzuri,
another adjective simply to intensify that is nice there. Kupika kuko
its meaning, as having a quality in kwapendeza, that way of cooking is
a marked way or high degree, like satisfactory. Kwenda kuko, to go
the adv. sana, e.g. mwivi mkubwa, yonder. So kwa kuko, -a kuko.
a regular thief. Mtu huyu ni mlevi Kuko kuko, just there, on that spot.
mkubwa, this fellow is an utter (A Rd. form from ku, the ko
drunkard. Obs. mkubwa {wa-) is being the form j>f reference. Cf. kuku,
often used as a noun, —
superior, chief, kuko, and mumo, papo, &c.) (2)
manager, master, director, &c. (Cf. Verb-form, there is there, there is, it

-kuu and note on the comparative is there.

meaning, also kua, tukuza, &c.) Kuku, (1) n. a fowl, a hen. Mtoto
Kucha, v. (1) Infin. Act. of -cha, wa {mwana wa, kinda Id) k„ a
{a) fear, {b) dawn. See -cha. (2) chicken,— also faranga, kifaranga.
 -KTTKUTT 182 KUMBATIA
Koo la k., a breeding fowl. (Ci.posa, (see ku), peponi kuliko raha, in
e. g.

jogoo, jimbi. Dist. mkuku, keel.) Paradise where there is rest but (3) ;

(2) n. a. and adv., this here, this, esp. common in comparisons, '
than
'

here, e. g. in the phrase kuku huku, after an adjective, ' where there is be- '

just here, in this very place. (Cf. ing equivalent to 'as compared with,'
kuko, and ku-.) e. g. yeye mkubwa kuliko nduguye,

-kukuu, a. (same with D 4 (P), he is bigger (taller, older) than his

D 5 (S), D 6), also -kuukuu, worn brother ; also (4) in the general sense,
out, old, past work, useless from age 1
as to, as regards,' e.g. kuliko bei ya
or wear. (Cf. -kongwe, -chakafu, •watumwa, as regards the slave traffic.
-bovu.) (See Ku, Li, Ko.)
*Kulabu, n. a hook, hooked in- —
*Kulla, a. every, always preced-
—
strument, grapple, of various kinds. ing its noun. (Ar. See Killa.)
Used for holding work in position, Kululu, n. (ma-), a large kind of
e. g. tailor, blacksmith, and on
by a cowry, a tiger-cowry. So little valued
ship board, for fastening clothes, &c. by the native that kupata kululu
Akapeleka k. yake chini, he let down means to get nothing worth having.'
'

his hook. Ulimi wangu umetiwa k., Kulungu, n. a species of antelope.

hauwezi kunena, my tongue has had Kuma, n. vagina. (Cf. uke.)
a hook put in it, it cannot speak. Kumba, v. (1) push, shove, press
(Ar. Cf. ndoana, kiopoo, upembo, against, jostle. Ps. kumbwa. Nt.
ngoe.) kumbika. Ap. kumb-ia, -iwa. Cs.
Kule, used as (1) n. 'that' used kumb-iza, -izzva, -izia, e.g. push
indefinitely, kule ni mbali, that is a off on to, transfer to. Adatntc
long way off. (2) A
form of -le, alimkumbizia mkewe, Adam put it
agreeing with Infin. or noun in ku-. off on his wife. Rp. kutnbana,
(3) adv. there, in (from, to) that jostleeach other, hustle (cf. piga
position, &c. Sometimes reduplicated kikumbo, and sukumd). (2) Clear
kule kule, just there. Also pronounced out, take away all, make a clean
kule-e-e-, —
the final vowel raised in sweep (of), glean. Same derivatives
pitch and prolonged in proportion to as above. E.g. walikumba biashara
the distance indicated. (Cf. ku, yote ya tumbako, they monopolized
yule, and kuku, kuko, &c.) the whole traffic in tobacco. Mwivi
Kulia, v. be great (too great) for, amenikumbia mali, a thief has car-
be hard to, weigh on, depress, over- ried off everything I had. Kumba
whelm, &c. (Prob. appl. form of viaji, bale out water. (Cf. komba,
kua, which see, and follg.) and follg.)
-kulifu, a.
(1) in of
Ps. Kumba, n. (1) -a kumba kumba,
sense,
one who is easily tired, discouraged, miscellaneous, promiscuous, of all
beaten, one who lacks grit (spirit, and any sort. Safariya kumbakumba,
perseverance), i.e. remiss,weak -kneed, a caravan of any who could be got
poor-spirited, &c. (Cf. kulia, kua, together (a scratch lot) (cf. kumba,
and syn. -legevu, -zembe.) But also v.). (2) Kuti la kumba, a whole
(2) in Act. sense, oppressive, burden- cocoanut leaf with the fronds plaited
some, tiresome, fatiguing. (Cf. all along each side of the central
ukulifu, and ukalifu.) rib. Used for light fences, and
Kuliko, relative verb-form, (1) enclosures, back yards, &c. See
that is, which is, referring to
which Kuti.
D 8, g. kufa
e. kuliko bora, the mode Kumbatia, v. clasp in the arms,
of dying which is noble (2) where ;
embrace. Ps. kumbatiwa. Nt. ku-
there is, — the ku of general reference mbatika. Cs. kumbat-isha, -ishwa.
 — ,

KUMBE 183 KUNA

Rp. kumbatiana, embrace each other. gift,souvenir, —
anything that recalls
(Cf. shika, kamata, pambaja.) another thing to mind. (Cf. prec.)
Kumbe, adv. expressing astonish- Kumbusho, Kumbuu. See
ment, pleasant or unpleasant sur- TJkumbusho, Ukumbuu.
prise, Lo and behold ! What do you Kumbwaya, n. a kind of drum
think ? For a wonder, all of a sudden. standing on feet. (Cf. ngoma.)
Kumbi, n. {ma-), also Kumvi, Kumbwe, n. a snack, a
{ma-),
Kumfi, the fibrous husk or sheath mouthful of food,— colloquial, ku-
of various plants, esp. of the cocoa- mbwe na kinyweo, something to eat
nut, areca-nut, &c. Kumbi is used and drink. (A pass, form in <?-,

collectively (i. e. of the material gene- from kumba?)

rally), but the plur. is commonly Kumi, n. and a. (pi. ma-), ten,
used. Single fibres are called uzi the highest simple numeral of B.
(pi. nyuzi). The husks are com- origin used in Swahili. Used of the
monly buried in pits on the shore or three divisions of a month, a decade.
in a wet place, till the fibres are kumi la kwanza {la kati, la kwisha)
loosened. They are then tak^n up, the first (middle, last) decade, -a
beaten out, and cleaned, and called kumi, tenth. (Cf. Ar. ashara.)
makumbi ya usumba. kumvi, (Cf. Kumoja, n. one kind. Kazi zetu
ukumvi, prob. the same word, like — hazina k., our occupations are not
jambia, and jamvia^ &c.) all of one kind. (Cf. umoja, and
Kumbi, n. plur. of ukumbi, which for ku, kuzimu, kushoto, kuke, &c.)
see. — a. form of -moja, agreeing with
Kumbikumbi, white ants in
n. D 8. — adv. on one side, from
the flying stage, when they first issue one point of view, i. e. kzua upande
in swarms from the ground. Used as mmoja. -kali kumoja, with one
food. (Cf. mchwa.) sharp edge.
Kumbo, n. devastation, depopula- Kumunta, Kumunto, n. — in Z.
tion, wholesale destruction. (Cf. more usually kung'uta, kung'uto,
kumba, mkumbo.) which see.
-kumbufu, a. having good
a Kumvi, n. {ma-, also plur. of
memory, thoughtful. (Cf. kumbuka, ukumvi), husk or sheath of various
and -fakamifu.) vegetable products, of maize, rice,
Kumbuka, mind, re- &c, i.e. k. la muhindi (enclosing the
v. call to
member, think of, bear in mind, ear, suke), k. za mpunga. (Cf.
brood over, i. e. mental attention kapi, ivishwa, kununu.)
directed usually to the past, or a Kuna, v. scratch. Used of allay-
subject connected with it. Naku~ ing irritation rather than of lacera-
mbuka ulimwengu, I am considering tion or wounding (cf. papura, piga
the situation. Ps.kumbukwa. Ap. makucha), e. g. k. kichwa, scratch
kumbuk-ia, -iwa, direct the memory the head k. ngazi, scratch the skin.
;

(or, attention) to. Sikumbukii, I do Also of coarse grating, e. g. kuna

not recall it. Amenikumbukia chuo nazi, grate a cocoanut, i. e. extract
changu, he recollected my book for the nutty part from the shell with
me, reminded me of it. Cs. kumbu- the instrument called mbuzi. Ps.
sha, -shwa, remind, put in mind (of). kunwa (dist. kunywa, to drink).
{Qi.fahamu, of memory, and tambua, Nt. kunika. Ap. kun-ia, -iwa,
of recognition. Also, kumbukumbu, e. g. mbuzi ya kunia nazi, a cocoa-
ukumbusho, -kumbufu?) nut grater. Cs. kun-isha, -ishwa.
Kumbukumbu, n. {ma-), men- Rp. kunana. (Cf. mkuno, kuno,
tion, remembrance, memorial, parting piga mlai, papura.)
 — ; —
KUNA 184 KUNGWE
Kuna, verb-form, (i) there is, e. g. sexual subjects, —
called some-
there are (ku of general reference, times 'malango, rudiments, or kunga
cf. ku, mna, pana) (2) it has, they
;
za mwituni (za nyambani, za ja-
have, ku agreeing with 8. The D ndoni, and ngungwi, ? nkungwi).
negative form kakuna is one of the Hence (3) shameful things, what
commonest expressions for a simple causes shame. (Cf. mkunga,
negative, ' there is not, nothing, no.' somo, siri, msiri, and perh. kunja.)
Kuna nini (or kunani) ? What is Kungu, n. (1) also Ukungu, mist,
there ? What is the matter ? Kunako, fog, haze (cf. ukungu, uwande,
there is (there), that is so, — in refer- wingu). (2) An
edible stone-fruit
ence to the query kuna ? Kufa kuna from the mkungu. The stone
tree
maumivu, death involves suffering. contains a kernel, of which children
Kuna supplies one way of expressing are fond (cf. mkungu). Kungu
abstract existence. Kuna muungu ? manga, nutmeg, lit. the Arabian kungu
Is there a God ? Does God exist ? (cf. manga), —
fruit of the mkungu
Kunaye, He exists. Also kunaye manga. (3) Confidential adviser,
may mean it depends on him (it is
'
esp. an older friend who gives advice
with him).' (See Ku and Na.) to unmarried women, and makes all
Kunazi, n. (ma-), the small edible arrangements for them at the time of
fruit of the tree mkunazi, which see. marriage, receiving various fees and
Kunda, (ma-), a green vege-
n. presents from the bridegroom for so
table like spinach (Str.). doing. (Cf. kunga, mkungwa,
Kundaa, v. be short, stunted, kungwe.)
small of stature. (Cf. via.) Kunguni, n. a bug.
Kunde,n.plur. of ztkttnde, a. kind of Kunguru, n. (ma-), (1) a carrion
bean, produced by the plant mkunde, crow, black, with white on the neck —
which see. and shoulders (2) a kind of calico, ;

Kundi, (ma-), a number of

n. made at Cutch.
things (usually living things) together, Kung'uta, v. (1) shake out,
crowd, troop, group, flock, herd, shake off, sift, winnow ; (2) test
swarm, &c. Makundi makundi, in severely, examine. E. g.
scrutinize,
troops, in large bodies, in masses. k. mavumbi (mvua), shake off dust
Kunga, v. used of various pro- (rain). Jikung^uta, shake oneself.
cesses of sewing, hem, make a border, K. mabawa, shake out the feathers,
trim, embroider, e. g. kunga mshono, of a bird basking in the sun. Waka-
make a stitched seam on band lipeleka jamvi uani wakaikunguta,
k. nguo, put a border, trimming, or they took the carpet to the yard,
1

stitched edge to a cloth. K. utepe, with and gave it a shaking. Ps. kung -
similar meaning. Ps. kungwa. Ap. utwa. Nt. kungutika. Ap.
kung-ia, -iwa. (Cf. shona,pinda.) kungut-ia, -iwa. Cs. kung'ut-
Kunga, n. sometimes Kinga, isha, -ishwa. (Cf. kunguto,
(1) a secret, wile, subterfuge, trick, chutiga, pepeta. The word ku??iunta
device, e. g. k. za moyo, secret is also heard, but not usual in Z., and
thoughts, private reflections. Mtumi kumutika, fig. be shaken, be alert,
wa k. haambiwi maana, he who con- expectant, agitated, e. g. roho yake
veys a secret message is not told inamkumutika!)
its meaning. Kazi haifai ilia kwa Kung'uto, n. (ma-), a basket
k., work is no good, unless you have used as a sieve, strainer, or for tossing
been taught the art. (2) Esp. and winnowing grain. (Cf. kikapo,
of confidential and private instruction and kiteo, tunga.)
on matters unfit for open mention, Kungwe, n. (ma-). See Mkunga.
 KTJNI 185 KUPE
Kuni, n. plur. of ukuni, firewood. sion, I humbly beg pardon. (Arab.
(See "Ukuni, and cf. kuna.) Imperat. kun rat hi, be content, but
Kunja, v. fold, wrap up, crease, in common use. Cf. equivalent uwe
wrinkle, tumble, make a mess of. (or mwe) rat hi, and rat hi, rithi,
E. g. k. uzi, wind up thread. Kunja- utafathali.)
kunja uzi, tangle the thread. K. uso, Kununu, n. (ma-), kununu la
knit the brow, frown. K. mabawa, mawele, an empty husk or spike of a
fold the wings. Jikunja, shrink, kind of millet. (Cf. kumvi, kapi,
cower, flinch (cf. kunyata). Ki- wishwa.)
su cha kukunja, a clasp-knife. Kunyata, v. draw
together, cause
Ps. kunjwa. Nt. kunjika, e.g. to shrink, compress. Seldom occurs
be folded, be easy to fold, admit except with Rf. ji, in the sense,
of folding. Ap. kunj-ia, -iwa, cower, shrink together, esp. as an
e.g. wrap up for (with, in, &c). attitude of fear, pain, or supplication.
Cs. kunj-isha, -ishwa. Rp. ku- Jikunyata kajna maskini, humble
njana, e. g. nguo imekunjana kwa oneself like a beggar. Jik. kwa
upepo, the calico (which was laid out baridi, be doubled up with cold.
smooth) has been ruffled up by the Jik. uso, have an offended, disgusted
wind. (Cf. follg. and kunjua, look. (Cf. kunja uso.)
finy a, and perh. kunga.) Kunyua, v. (1) scratch at, give
Kunjamana,v. be folded, wrinkled, a scratch to, e. g. to hurt, or to
creased. E. g. k. uso, knit the brows, attract notice; (2) call by a secret
frown, — so uso umekunjamana. sign, give a private hint to, &c.
(Cf. prec. and -mana.) K. kidole, hurt the finger by a
Kunjo, n. (ma-), fold, wrinkle, scratch, —
implying more than the
crease. E. g. makunjo ya mshipi, simple kuiia, scratch. Ps. kunyu-
the folds of a fishing-line. (Cf. liwa. Nt. kunyuka, e. g. kunyuka
kunja, andpindi.) na mti, get scratched by a tree in
Kunjua, v. Rv. of kunja, unfold, passing by it. (Cf. kuna, papura,
unwrap, smooth out, spread open. piga mtai.)
K. nguo, lay out clothes. K. miguu, Kuo,
(ma-), (1) furrow, trench,
n.
stretch the legs out. hollow, hole, i. e. made by hollow-
K. uso, smooth
the brow, smile, look pleased. Ji- ing out. Makuo ya kauku, holes
kunjita, be cordial, be open. scratched by fowls.
Ps. Usually (2)
kunjuliwa. Nt. kunjuka. a bed or row of seedlings, &c. (3)
Ap.
kunju-lia. (Cf. -kunja, 'kunjufu.) A
plot of ground marked out by a
-kunjufu, a. (same with D
furrow or line drawn on the ground,
4 (P),
D 5 (S), D
6), open, serene, and given to a man to cultivate (cf.
un-
clouded, genial, amiable, ngwe, same marked by a cord).
merry.
Mtu mkunjufu, a genial man. So Hence nyosha k., mark out a piece of
with uso (face), tnoyo (temper). ground; ongeza (punguza) k.. enlarge
(Cf. kunjua, kunja, ukunjzifu?) (reduce) a plantation. (Cf. mkuo,
Kuno, n. (ma-), what is produced and syn. shimo, handaki, mfuo.)
by scraping, a scraping, scrap. Ma- Kupaa, n. (ma-), also Kupa, (1)
kuno ya nazi, grated cocoanut. one of the two side-pieces forming
(Cf. kuna v., mkuno.) a pulley (kapi, gofia) enclosing the
Kunrathi, v. a common phrase of sheave (roda) (cf. korodani (2) / ;

polite apology, —
pardon me, excuse ? cheek-bone, cheek-piece.
me, by your leave, no offence meant. Kupe, n. a tick, on cattle, dogs, —
A'u- &c. Kai7ia kupe na mkia wa ng -
1

Often strengthened by sana.

nrathi sana, with your kind permis- ombe, like a tick and a cow's tail,—
 KtJPUA- 186 KUTI
of things adhering closely. (Cf. with same sense. Kusudia safari,
kama pete na kidole, like a ring and resolve on an expedition. K.
a finger.) kwenda, intend to go. Ps. kusud-
Kupua, v. shake out, shake off, iwa. Nt. kusudika. Cs. kusud-
throw off, let fall, drop on the ground isha, -ishwa. — n. {ma-), inten-
(by a push, jerk, &c). E.g. k. nguo, tion, purpose, aim, object, end. Kwa
throw off clothes. K. imbu, drive k., on purpose, intentionally, de-
off mosquitoes. kupuliwa.
Ps. liberately, wilfully (cf. kwa moyo,
Nt. kupuka, e.g. fig. be cast off, be kwa nafsi). Also as adv., kusudi,
a fugitive (outcast). Hence kupukia. and makusudi, like kwa kusudi. And
Ap. kupu-lia,-liwa. Cs. kupu-sha, as conj. with Infin. or Subjunct., on '

-shzva. (Cf. kung'uta, mkupuo.) purpose to, in order that (to), with
*Kura, n. a lot, i.e. as in casting the object of,' e. g. akaondoka kusudi
lots.Piga kura, cast lots. (Ar.) aende (or, kwenda) Ulaya, he started
Euro, n. also Koru, Kuru, a with the intention of going to Europe.
water-buck. shauri,maana, nia,mradi.)
(Cf. syn.
*Kurubia, Kurubisha, v. See Kuta, v. come upon, meet (with),
Karibia, Karibisha. chance on, hit on, find. Nalimkuta
Kusa, v. Cs. of kuta, i. e. kutisha hawezi {hayuko), I found him ill
or kusha, kusa, cause to meet, bring (absent). Kuta mashaka, meet with
on. Nimemkusa mashaka, I have (experience) difficulties. Ps. kutwa.
got him into trouble. See Kuta. Nt. kutika. Ap. kui-ia, -iwa, e. g.
Kusanya, v. collect, gather to- mauti imemkutia, death came upon
gether, bring together, assemble, him, or amekutiwa na mauti. Cs.
amass, make a pile or heap of. E.g. kutisha, or kusha, kusa, cause to
k. watu, collect people. K. jeshi, come on, bring upon, involve in.
form an army. K. malt, amass Hence kut-ishia, -ishiwa, kushia, &c.
wealth. Ps. kusanywa. Nt. ku- Rp. kutana, meet together, assemble,
sanyika. Ap. kusany-ia, -iwa. gather, collect, hold a meeting, be
Rp. kusanyana, e.g. meet together crowded (cf. kusanya, songa, bar-
by common consent. (Cf. kusany- izi). Jeshi limekutana, the crowd
iko, 77ikusanyo, kuta, kusa.) is dense. Hence kutanika, be as-
Kushoto, n. and adv., the left side, sembled, meet. Also kutan-ia, -iwa,
the left-hand position. Mkono wa meet for (at, by, in, &c). Cs.
k., the left-hand, as ppp. to mkono kutanisha, cause to meet, hold a
•wa kuume (wa kulia). Kaa kusho- meeting (of). (Cf. mkutano.)
toni, sit on the left side. (Cf. ku, Kuta, n. plur. of ukuta (which
and kumoja, kuzimu, kuke, &c.) see), walls.
Kusi, n. southerly wind, south Kuti, n. {ma-), (i) a cocoanut

to Oct.
—
monsoon, prevailing at Z. from May leaf, whether green or dry
Hence also of the season, cocoanut leaf prepared for use in
(2) a ;

and of the southerly direction. Ku- different ways, e.g. (a) kuti la kumba
sini, the south quarter, to (from, in) (and fumba), the whole leaf, with
the south, -a kusini, of the south, the fronds on either side simply
southerly. Contr. kaskazi, the north plaited together, used in forming
wind, &c. (Cf. Ar. suheli, coast, light fences, enclosures, shelters of
used of Africa, i. e. south of Arabia, any kind ;
(b) kuti la pande, with
and hence south.')
'
the fronds all plaited together on one
*Kusudi, v. also Kasidi, intend, side, similarly used {c) kuti la viungo,
;

purpose, propose, design, aim at, lengths of the leaf- rib {upongoo)
usually in the Ap. form kusudia, (or of stick) about three feet long
 —
KTJTU 187 -KUZA
with all the fronds attached to it and ambitious. Piga makuu, give one-
brought to one side. These form self airs, be arrogant, make a great
the usual roofing material of native show. Hana makuu, he is an un-
houses in Z., and are a regular article assuming, civil spoken, humble per-
of sale. (Cf. mnazi, and kikuti, son, — sometimes in contrast to -kuu
ukuti.) in other senses, e.g. makuu mengila-
—
Kutu, n. rust, or anything re- kini hana makuu, he has many great
sembling it, a discoloration, &c. qualities, but he never makes too
K. ya shaba, verdigris. K. ya mwezi, much of them. (Cf. -kubwa, kua,
the shaded or darker parts of the moon. kuza, &c.)
Kutua, v. give a jerk to, pull Kuume, (from -me, like ume,
n.
suddenly, cause a shock to. K. and kiume, of more genera-
sex, but
kamba jerk a rope.
,
Nt. kutuka e. g. , lized), (1) the male kind (status, con-
fig. be shaken, startled, frightened, dition) ; (2) right-hand side, right-
shocked, '&c. Cs. kutu-sha, -shwa, hand. Used (like kuke) only in a
startle,frighten, &c. (Cf. kupua, few adjectival and adverbial phrases.
also situka, tuka, &c.) Mtu huyu ni ndugu yangu wa kuu-
-kuu, a. (same with D 4 (P), D 5 meni nami, this man is a relation of
(S), D 6), great. Seldom simply mine on the father's side. Mkono wa
1
big,' i.e. of merely physical size or kuume, the right-hand (also mkono wa
material greatness, but implying some kulia, the hand used in eating, opp.
moral or sentimental element of pre- to mkono wa kushoto). Kaa kuu-
eminence, authority, and excellence. meni, sit on the right-hand side.
-kubwa, on the other hand, means Wa kuume haukati wa kushoto, the
'
big, large, extensive,' though also right hand does not cut the left.
used to include and denote the natural (Cf. ku, and kushoto, kumoja, ku-
effects of great size, i.e. authority, zimu, and follg.)
weight, influence, impressiveness. Kuvuli, n. mkono wa kuvuli, the
Thus (1) 'great, powerful, having right-hand, —for mkono wa kuume,'
natural or representative authority,' which is usual in Z. (Cf. prec.)
&c. Wakim kwa vijana is a com- Kuwa, v. Infin. of wa, be (which
mon contrast, '
old and young, great see), to be, being, existence. Can be
and small ' (also wakubwa kwa wa- used of pure existence (cf. Mwenyi
dogo). Cf. tnkuu as n., chief, master, kuwa, as a title of God, the Existing
king (as also mkubwa, n., and in One, the Self-existing.)
African stories the rabbit (sungura) Kuwili, n. and adv., the double
is called the mknu wa nyama, or kind, in a double way, in two ways.
nyama mkuu, king of beasts, while Kisu kikali kuwili, a knife with two
the elephant would be described as the edges. Atiatajwa kuwili, he has two
nyama mkubwa, largest of animals. names. (Cf. ku, and kumoja,
Bustani kuu, a great (grand, fine) kuume, &c.)
garden. Obs. kiazi kikuu, yam, Kuyu, n. See Mkuyu.
often of great size in East Africa. (2) Kuza, v. Infin. (1) Cs. of kua,
1
Noble, pre-eminent, high-class, ex- make great. (2) Uza, sell, for kuuza.
cellent, influential.' (3) Over-great, (3) Uza for ul^za, ask.
'

presuming on greatness, excessive, -kuza, a. (same with4 (P),D

unnatural, outrageous, beyond the D 5 (S), and 6), D
well-grown, fine,
proper bounds of decorum (self-con- big of its kind,— of things capable of
human nature).' E.g. maneno
trol, growth. Yule paka tnkuza sana, that
makuu, presumptuous, boastful words. is a very fine cat. (Cf. kua, -kub-
Taka makuu, aim too high, be over- wa, -kuu.)
 ;

KTTZI 188 SWAZE

Kuzi, n. (to)-, also Kusi, an haraka, in haste, hastily. Kwa hivi,
earthenware pitcher or jug, larger thus. Kwawith a noun, commonly
than gudulia, with handle or handles a name, following, often denotes a
and narrow neck. (Cf. mtungi, single object or idea, e.g. kwa
chombo.) Mponda, Mponda's town. Kwa
Kuzimu, n. state (place, condition) mfalme, the chief's Hence
house.
of departed spirits of the dead, the katikais sometimes used with it, e.g.

grave, the lower world. Enda kuzi- katika kwa nduguye, from (at, to)
muni, die and be buried. Chungulia his brother's house. Kwa is rarely
k., look into the other world, i.e. be used with Personal Pronouns, the
at death's door, have one foot in the corresponding form of the adjective,
grave. K. kuna mambo, the world i. e. kwangu,kwako, kwake, &c. being ,

of spirits has its wonders. (Cf. substituted, unless some special

mzimu, and perh. tuazimu, also meaning is intended, e.g. asiyeona
zima, zimwe, and for the form ku, kwa yeye, akionywa haoni, he who
and syn. ahera, peponi, huko.) does not see of himself does not see
Kw-, as a pfx. before vowels, is if he is shown. (Cf. -a, katika, na)
for ku-, which see. Kwa, form of the prep, -a (which
Kwa, prep, (ku combined with see) agreeing (i) with D
8, (2) with
the variable prepositional element -a, locatives ending in -ni, e. g. nyu-
which see). This is the most com- mbani kwa nduguye, in (to, from) his
mon and comprehensive of the few brother's house.
—
Swahili prepositions, so compre- Kwaa, v. (1) strike the foot
hensive as to cover most of the (against an object), stumble, knock,
meanings of the other common be stopped by a sudden obstacle
prepositions, i.e. -a, na, and katika. (2) fig. falter, hesitate, be brought to
Subject to the few limitations charac- a stop or check, get into a difficulty.
teristic of each of these (see -a, Na, K. najiwe, oxjiweni, knock the foot
Katika) , kwa can be represented ac- against a stone. Heri kukwaa kidole
cording to the context by to, in, at,
' kuliko kukwaa ulimi, better to
from, by, for, with, on account of, in stumble with the toe than the tongue.
respect of, as to,' and indeed almost Ap. kwalia, kwaia, rarely heard.
any preposition denoting relations of Mkwaia nyoka, aonapo ukuti hushi-
time, place, motion, object, instru- tuka, a man who has stumbled over
ment, and condition generally. Kwa a snake, starts if he sees a switch
is seldom used, however, of the Agent (cocoanut frond). Cs. kwaza,
proper, or of comparative nearness -zwa, cause to stumble, make diffi-
or distance (see Na), nor of relations culties for, &c. Also intens. dau
which may be called adjectival limekwaza maweni, the boat struck
(see -a). E. g. toka kwa, come hard on the rocks. (But ? cf. kwa-
from (or, out of) kaa kwa, remain za for kwaruza.)
; Rp. kwazana,
at; enda kwa, go to. Ua kwa mkuki, knock against each other. (Cf.
kill with a spear. Kwa nini? For kwaza, kwa ma, kwao or kwayo,
what ? Why ? Kwa sababu ya, be- kwazo.)
cause of, by reason of. Kwa habari Kwaje, adv. interrog. (kwa je ?)
hizi, at (about, on account of) these How? In what way? By what
news. Wait kwa mchuzi, rice with means? What do you mean?
gravy. Mia kwa tano, five per cent. Kwaje hufanya hivi ? How
is it you

Wangwana kwa watumwa, gentry, do this? i.e. why, or in what way.

slaves and all. Andika kwa ki- Kwake, (1) n. (ku-ake) his (hers,
swahili, write in Swahili. Kwa its) circumstances (position, house,
 KWAKO 189 KWAO
&c.). (2) adv. idiomatic equivalent house. Twende kwafigu, let us go
of kwa yeye, to (from, at, with) him to my house. (3) a. agreeing with
(her, it), to his house, &c. (3) Form D 8, and locatives in -ni. Kufa
of a. -ake, agreeing with 8 and D kwangu, my dying. Nyumbani
locatives in -ni. (Cf. ku, -ake, kwangu, to my house. (So kwako,
and kwangu.) kwake, kwetu, kzuenu, kwao.)
Kwako, n. adv. and adj., same as Kwangua, v. scrape, remove a
kwake, but relating to 2 Pers. Sing., coating, crust, or anything adhering
i. e. wewe, you. (Cf. -ako.) (solid or liquid), e.g. k. matope, clean
Kwale, n. partridge, —including mud off (boots, &c). chungu,K
several species. scrape the burnt rice off the bottom
Kwama, v. St. oikwaa, (1) become of a cooking pot. K. kucha, pare
jammed, stick fast, come to a dead- the nails. K. maji, scrape up a
lock, be gripped, be squeezed ; (2) fig. remnant of water in a pit. Ap.
be in a fix, get into a difficulty. Ap. kwangu-lia,-liwa. (No v. kwanga
kwam-ia, -iwa. Cs. kwavi-isha, in use. Cf. komba, paruza.)
-ishwa, cause to jam, make stick fast, Kwani, (1) adv. interrog. for Kwa
put in a difficulty, &c. Mti huu nini? What for? Why? For what
umenikwamis/ia mkono, this tree has reason ? (cf. mbona, kwaje). (2) corq.
got my hand fixed in it. (Cf. kwaa, for, because (cf. kwa sababu, kwa
kwaza, kwamua, and syn. shikika, maana, kwa ajili, kwa kuwa.)
fungwa, naswa, kamatwa.) Ewanua, v. andKwanyua, tear
Kwamba, (ku-amba, saying),
conj. down, rip (split, of
strip) off, e. g.
of very general meaning, and trans- branches, leaves, fruit. Ps. kwanu-
latable according to the context de- liwa. Nt. kwanyuka, e. g. panda
fining the particular sense of saying,' ya mti imekwanyuka kwa mtu mzito,
'

intended, e.g. (1) (stating) that, so the fork of the tree was split down
to say,— also ya kwamba; (2) (sup- by a heavy man. Ap. kwanyu-lia,
osing) if, as if, suppose, even if; -liwa. (Cf. nyakua,pasua, rarua,
I3 (objecting) though. It is also ambua.)
used, though not commonly in Z., Kwanza, Infin. of anza [ku-anza),
after the relative formed with a?7iba, but often as adv., at the beginning,
e. g. ambaye kwamba, who, —
of a at first, firstly, in the first place.
person, ambalo kwamba, which, &c, Also ya k., often followed by ya
and with similar indefinite meaning pili, secondly, ya tatu, thirdly, -a
in the phrase Kwamba/e ? How
is it ? k., first, best. Ngoja k., wait first
Kwambaje kwako? How
are you? (before acting), wait a bit. (Cf.
(Cf. kama, ya kuwa, and see Amba, anza, mwanzo, chanzo, and syn. Ar.
Arabia.) awa/i.)
Kwamua, v. Rv. of kwama, kwaa, Kwao, (1) n. (ku-ao), their cir-
get out of a tight place, set free, dis- cumstances, their place (country,
engage, clear, loose. Ap. kwamu- home), &c. Alwanamke huyu ana-
lia, -liwa. (Cf. kwama, kwaa, and waza kwao, this woman is thinking
f
ci. ungua, nanua, tatua.) about her native country, is homesick.
Kwangu, (1) n. (ku-angu), my (2) adv. to (from, with) them. Mfu-
circumstances (condition, affairs, loca- kuzwa kwao halta pa kwenda, an out-
lity), my house. Kwangu kuzuri, cast from his own people has nowhere
my condition is prosperous, my sur- to g°- (3) a their, form of -ao, - —
roundings are beautiful, &c. (2) agreeing with 8 and locatives in D
adv. (for kwa mimi), to (with, from, -ni. (Cf. kwangu, and ku, wao.)
&c.) me, at (in, to, from, &c.) my Kwao, n. (ma-), also Kwayo,
 KWAPA 190 KWEUPE
stumbling-block, obstruction to the Kweza nguo, lift the dress. Jikweza,
feet, difficulty. Njia ya kwao, a. boast, vaunt oneself. Hence kwezana.
rough road, stony path. (Cf. kwaa, Rp. kweana. (Cf. -kwezi, ukwezi,
mgogoro, zuio, kwaruza.) and follg., and syn. panda, also inua,
Kwapa, n. {ma-), armpit. Futika simamisha.)
(chukua) kwapani, tuck (carry) under Kwelea, n. kwelea ya mawimbi,
the arm. Kisibau cha kwapa, a mawimbi ya kwelea, a swell, rolling
sleeveless waistcoat. (Cf. ki- waves, as dist. from breakers. (Cf.
kwapa.) kwea, and wimbi.)
Kwaruza, v. (i) scrape, grate, Kweli, n. and adv., truth, truthful-
whether of action, movement (scrape ness, reality, genuineness, certainty.
along, move with difficulty), or sound Kwa kweli si kwa ubishi, seriously,
(be harsh, be grating) (2) grate, be not in fun. Kweli iliyo uchungu si
;

of a coarse, gritty, rough kind. E. g. uwongoulio tamu, an unpleasing truth

chombo kimekwaruza mwamba, the is better than a pleasing falsehood.
vessel has grazed a rock. Mchele huu -a kweli, true, truthful, genuine.
unakwaruza watu, this rice is gritty As adv., truly, really, certainly,
to the taste. Njia ya kukwaruza, a genuinely (cf. hakika, yakini, halisi).
rough, stony road. (Cf. mktvaruzo, Kweme, n. seed of a plant
paruza, para, kwangua, and peih. mkweme, very rich in oil.
kwaa, kwaza, and contr. lainika, laini. Kwenda, (1) v. Infin. of enda
Kwaza appears sometimes to be a (ku-enda), to go; (2) used as adv.,
short form of kwaruza, with kwazana perhaps, possibly, I dare say, it may
for kwaruzana, e.g. madau yana- be. Kwenda akaja leo, perhaps he
kwazana, the boats are colliding, comes to-day. (Cf. enda, huenda,
scraping against each other.) and syn. labuda, yamkini.)
-kwasi, a. rich, wealthy, opulent. Kwenu, (1) n. {ku-enu), your cir-
(Cf. ukwasi, and syn. tajiri, ??iwenyi cumstances, place, country, home.
malt, contr. maskini,fukara.) (2) adv. (for kwa ninyi), to you, to
Kwata, n. and Kwato, TJkwato, your house. (3) a. — form of -enu,
hoof. Piga k. } kick, — of an animal. agreeing with kupenda and nouns in
(Cf. piga teke.) -ni. (Cf. kwangu, and hi, -enu.)
Kwayo, n. {ma-). See Kwao, n. Kwenyi, form of -enyi, which
Kwaza, v. Cs. of kwaa, and ? for see. Often used as equivalent of
kwaruza (which see). kwa, e. g. of time, kwenyi Ijumaa,
Kwea, v. go up, get on the top of, on Friday. (So mwenyi, petty i.)
mount, climb, ascend, rise, e. g. k. Kwetu, n. adv. and a., in same
mnazi, or mnazini, climb a cocoanut uses as kwenu, and kwangu, i.e. our
tree; k. mlitna (frasi), mount a hill circumstances, to us, our. The com-
(a horse) k. chombo, get on board a mon expression for my (our) country,
; '

vessel. Ps. kwelewa, Nt. kwe- my home.' (Cf. kwangu, hi, -etu.)
Ieka. Ap. kwelea, e. g. kamba ya Kweu, n. sometimes for the usual
kukwelea, a cord to climb with. So kweupe, clearness, dawn, light. Mbele
kwel-eza, -ezwa. Cs. kweza, cause kweu na nyuma kweu, brightness be-
to go up, set up, raise, put one thing fore and behind. (Cf. follg.)
on another. Kweza maskua, haul Kweupe, n. (ku-eupe), brightness,
a boat high on the beach. Kweza whiteness, clearness, dawn, light, clear
bei, raise the price of an article. space, fine weather. Ktina kwetipe,
Vitu vimekwezwa, things have been it is dawn, it is fine. (Cf. -eupe,
raised in price. Kweza maturuma eua, weupe, and kweu, and syn. kucha,
ya duara, set the spokes in a wheel. dawn, contr. kweusi, giza, usiku.)
 ;

-KWEZI 191 LA
-kwezi, a. creeping, climbing, e. g. (3) wear away, diminish, spend (ma-
of a plant. (Cf. kwea, ukwezi, terials, means, money). (The In-
also tambaa, -tambaazi.) finitive form kula is used as the root
Kwikwe, n. hiccup. Kwikwe wa form in certain tenses, as is the case
kulia, convulsive sobbing (cf. kite- with other monosyllabic verb-roots.
futefu, kikeukeu). See ku, 1. (d) and ja.) Mlajini mla
Kwisha, Infin. of isha, used as leo, mla jana kalani? The eater of
(i) n. ending, the end, extreme (2) to-day is the man who eats, the eater
—
;

adv. finally, at last, in the end. -a of yesterday, what has he eaten ?

kwisha, last, extreme, best, worst. Rarely la is used as the imperative,
(Cf. mwisho, isha, kiisha, and simi- e. g. vyakula hivi la, eat this food.
lar use of kwanza. Syn. for end, Itakula fetha {saa nzima, siku
kikomo, hatima, aheri.) nyingi), it will take money (a whole
hour, several days). Ps. liwa, be
L. eaten, &c. Nt. lika, be eaten, &c,
L represents the same sound as in be eatable, be fit for food. Jiwe
English. limeliwa na kamba, the stone has
This sound is interchangeable in been worn away by the rope. Kitu
most Swahili words of Bantu origin hiki hakiliki, this substance is not
with that of a smooth untrilled r, and edible. Chuma inalika, iron rusts
often in words from Arab sources. away. Ap. Ha, liana, eat, &c. for
Hence words not found under L (with, in, &c), e.g. mkono iva kulia,
may be looked for under R. the eating hand, the right hand.
On the other hand, the indiscrimi- Chumba cha kulia, a dining room,
nate use of / and r makes many words refectory. Kijiko cha ktilia, a spoon
of different meanings indistinguish- to eat with. Amemlia mwenzi wali
able, and in some cases is carefully wake, he has eaten up his friend's
avoided, e.g. in the case of the initial rice for him. /ilia, eat selfishly (for
sound of any word, and especially of his own purposes, &c), e. g. mwana
/-, la, li as a formative syllable or amejilia mali ya babaye, the son has
prefix, and the dem. a. -le. wasted his father's goods (like a fool,
The / sound is generally latent in wilfully). Tumeliana siku zote, we
the long sound denoted by a vowel have always had our meals together.
written twice, and sometimes heard Rp. lana, e.g. eat each other, all join
(as in kindred dialects). In some in eating. Cs. lisha, lishwa, e. g.
words it is evanescent, e. g. mlango or (1) cause to eat, feed, keep (animals,
mwango, a door ; ufalme or ufaume, &c), graze, pasture, i. e. lisha kuku
dominion. (ng'ombe, mbuzi), keep fowls (cows,
After a formative n, I (and r) are goats). Lisha ngombe majani, feed
represented by d, as in ndefu, for cows on grass. Lisha upanga vhmgo,
nlefu (nrefu). glut the sword with (dead men's)
L- (1) as a pfx. of verbs and pro- limbs. Wanalisha miwa kinuni,
nom. adjs. agrees with D 5 (S), e. g. they feed the sugar-cane into the
kasha lililo lake li zito, his box is mill. (2) Eat, browse, feed on, e.g.
heavy; (2) is the characteristic letter kulungu alisha majani, the antelope
of the common demonstrative of dis- browses on.^grass (cf. ?nalisha,
tance, yule, &c. (Cf. -le, and H.) malisho, chunga). Hence lishi-sha,
—
La, v. (r) eat, consume, of food -shwa, make to eat, feed with, e.g.
generally (cf. chakula); (2) use, use lishisha sumu, administer poison to.
up, require for use or efficiency (as ma- (Cf. mlo, mla, mlaj'i, ulaj'i, mlafi,
terial, time, &c, cf. tumia, chukua) ulaji.)
 ; !

LA 192 LALAMA
*La, no, not so, by no means.
int. in the Past or Conditional Tenses.
(Ar. Cf. la ilaha ilia Allah, no But also of hope, with the Present.
God but the God, and syn. sio, sivyo, E. g. laiti safari ingalikwisha
hakuna, hapana, kasha.) would that the journey had come
-la, a. eating, feeding on, con- to an end ! Laiti (kwamba) twali~
—
suming, verbal a. of la, v. fikajana ! would that we had arrived
*Laana, n. (ma-), a curse, impre- yesterday! (Ar.)
cation, oath. (Ar. Cf. uapo, Lake, a. form of -ake, his, hers,
kiapo, apizo.) her, its,— agreeing with D 5 (S).
*Laani, v. curse, swear (at), damn. Sometimes in the form -le affixed to
Ps. laaniiva. Nt. laanika. Cs. a noun, e. g. nenole, his word.
laani-sha, -shwa, cause to curse, get *Laki, v. meet, go to meet, esp.
cursed, bring a curse on. (Ar. in a friendly, complimentary, way.
Cf. -laanifu, laana, apa.) (Ar. Cf. pokea, kuta.)
*-laanifu, a. (same with D 4 (P), *Lakini, conj. but, yet, however,
D 5 (S), D 6), (1) given to cursing nevertheless. (Ar. Cf. walakini.)
(2) accursed. (Ar. Cf. ulaanifjt, *Lakki, n. and a., a hundred
laana, maleuni.) thousand, a lac. (Ar.)
*Labeka, int. See Lebeka. Lako, a. form of -ako, your,
—
*Labuda, adv. often labuda, labda, yours, agreeing with 5 (S). Some-D
perhaps, it seems so, no doubt, times in the form -lo affixed to a noun,
probably, possibly. (Ar. la-buddi, e. g. jinalo, your name.
there is no escape. Cf. buddi, and Lala, v. (1) lie, lie down, go to
syn. ya?nkini, yawezekana, huenda, bed; (2) sleep, go to sleep; (3)
kwenda.) settle down, fall, collapse; (4) lie
*Ladu, n. a sweetmeat made up flat, be spread out, be horizontal.
in balls, consisting of flour or fine Also lala tisingizi, go to sleep.
grain mixed with treacle, ginger, Nytimba imelala chini, the house
pepper, &c. has fallen down. Inchi yote yalala
Laika, n. (ma-), also TJlaika, sawasawa, the whole country is a.
a short, downy hair, as on the hands flat plain. Jilala, rest oneself, take
and human body generally. Also a siesta. Chumba chake cha kulala
' down Ap.
' of birds. (Cf. uele, unyoya, (or alicholala), his bed-room.
and dist. Ar. malaika, an angel.) lalia, laliwa, lalika, laliana. Lalia
*Laini, a. and -lai-nifu, (1) of matanga, sleep in the house of mourn-
things, smooth, supple, soft, pliable, ing. Hakulaliki nyumbani kiva
of delicate texture, thin, delicate, hart, there is no sleeping indoors
fine (cf. -ororo, -emba?nba). (2) Of from the heat. Mtu iva kulalia
persons, facile, gentle, good-hu- nyumba, a night-watchman, a care-
moured (cf. -pole, taratibu). Nguo taker. Mkeka mpya tcsiolaliwa, a
/., smooth, fine cloth. Mchanga /., new mat which has never been slept
fine sand. (Ar. Also as v., upon. Hence lalisha, lalishwa.
smoothen, but usu. as follg.) Cs. laza, lazwa, lazia. E. g. cause to
*Lainika, v. (1) be smoothed, lie down, put to bed, lay fiat or hori-
be made smooth (2) fig. be soft- zontal.
;
Rp. lalana, sleep at each
Ps. lainiwa. other's houses, be on familiar terms.
-

ened, be appeased.
Cs. laini-sha, -shwa, make smooth, Lala (with objective pfxs., i.e. as
&c. (Ar. Cf. laini.) act.), laza, and lalana are used of
*Laiti, int. Oh that, if only, would sexual intercourse. (Cf. for sleep,
that, — esp. of regret for what is past or sinzia ; for rest, pumzika, jinyosha.)
impossible, and then used with verbs Lalama v. ask for mercy (of),
 —
LAMBA 193 LEGEA
make an appeal (to), cry out. M- bind, make responsible, put pressure
wivi amlalama wait apate kupona on. Sheria i??iemlazimu mfah?ie, the
nafsi yakc, the thief throws himself law has bound (condemned) the king.
on the governor's mercy to save his Tunakulazimu wee, we make you
life. Ps. lalam-iwa. Nt. lala- responsible. Ps. lazimiwa, be
mika, be made to appeal for mercy, bound, be under obligation, be re-
be reduced to submission, be beaten, sponsible, &c. Ap. iazim-ia, -iwa.
— and so, beg for mercy, cry out for Cs. lazim-isha, -ishwa, intens. put
quarter. Ap. lalamia, e. g. mdeni strong pressure on, force, compel.
alimlalamia mwenyi malt, the debtor Jilazimisha na, devote oneself to,
threw himself on the mercy of the accept full responsibility for. n. —
money-lender. Cs. lalam-isha, also Lazima,
Lazim, necessity,
-ishwa, make cry out, bring to terms, obligation, engagement, surety, bail,
force to confess. (Cf. omba, kiri, responsibility. E. g. chukzia I., bail,
ungat?ia.) go bail. Ni
l.jtmyako, it is obliga-
Lamba, v. also Eamba, lick, lick tory on you. Si I., commonly means
up with the tongue. L. makombo an absolute prohibition, i. e. it is im-
ya sahani, lick up the scraps on the perative (obligatory, &c.) not to.
plate. Ps. lambwa. Haulambwi Si I. kuingia ndani, usipopiga hodi,
mkono mtupu, an empty hand is not you must never enter a house without
licked. Nt. lambika. Ap. saying '
hodi.' (Ar. Cf. sharti,
lamb-ia, -iwa. Lambiwa damn farathi, bidi,Juzu.)
mkononi, have the blood licked off -le, final, (1) characteristic of a.
the hand. Cs. lamb-isha, -ishwa. demonstr. ''that' (see Yule) ; (2)
Rp. lambana. (Cf. ulambilambi.) sometimes a contraction for lake,
*Lami, n. pitch, tar. e. g. jinale, his name (cf. -lo for
Lango,n.(wa-),(i)city gate, large iako) (3) subjunct.
;
mood of -/a,
gate, gateway (2)
;
malango is used v. eat.
of secret instruction given to girls Lea, v. bring up, rear, nurse, edu-
and boys on growing up. (Cf. cate. Mtoto umleavyo, ndivyo aktia-
mlango, kilango, and kunga.) vyo, as you bring up a child, so he
Langu, a. form of -angu, my, grows up. Ps. lewa, e. g. ame-
—
mine, agreeing with D 5 (S). (Cf. lewavema, he has been well brought
/- and -angu.) up. (Cf. mlezi, malezi, and dist.
Lao, a. form of -ao, their, theirs, lewa, be drunk.)
agreeing with D 5 (S). (Cf. /-, *Lebasi, n. and Libasi, clothes,
and -ao.) raiment, wearing apparel. Killa
Lapa, v. finish off hastily, eat up lebasi ya kiarabu, all kinds of Arab
ravenously, dismiss promptly. (Not clothes. (Arab. Cf. nguo, ma-
common in Z. Cf. kula kwa pupa.) vazi.)
*Laumu, v. reproach, find fault *Lebeka, int. and Labeka, At
with, reprove, upbraid, blame, charge your service, Yes, sir (madam) in ! —
with a crime, accuse. Ps. laum- answer to a call, Coming I am !

iwa. Nt. laumika. Ap. laum- here !A common reply of a slave

ia, -iwa. Cs. laum~isha, -ishwa, or inferior to a master's call, and
rebuke sharply.
intens. scold, Rp. often pronounced ebbe, or simply bee.
laumiana. —
n. {ma-), reproach, (Ar. phrase Here I am at your ser-
'

charge, blame, reproof. (Ar. Cf. vice.' Cf. inshallah, eewalla,

karipia, kemea, stela, nenea, rttdi.) bismilla, &c.)
*Lazimu, v. be obligatory (on), Legea, v. Regea is also common,
be a necessity (to), be binding (on), (1) be loose (slack, relaxed, soft,
 — —
•LEGEFTT 194 LEVUKA
pliable) ; (2) be faint (weak, remiss), load on, and so, oppress, burden.
flag, yield, give in. E.g. of the Hence lemezana. Rp. temeana, lie
body, effect of illness, hunger, ex- on (lean on, rest against, press) each
haustion, &c. —
or of a rope, &c. other. (Cf. pagaa.)
Cs. leg-eza, -ezwa, -ezea, loosen, Lenga, v. Lenga muhogo, cut cas-
slacken, exhaust, cause to yield, &c. sava in slices.
(Cf. -legefu, mlegeo ', fungua,
thoofika, Lengelenge, n. {ma-), a blister.
and dist. Ar. regea or rejea, return, Fanya (toka, tokwa na) malengelenge,
unless legea is orig. go back.) to get blistered.
-legefu, a. (same with D 4 (P), Lenu, a. form of -enu, your,
D 5 (S), D
6), slack, relaxed, weak, yours (plur.), — agreeing with D 5
soft, yielding, remiss, inattentive, -/and -enu.)
(S). (Cf.
idle. (Cf. legea, tilegefu, and cf. Leo, n. and adv., to-day, this day,
thaifu, -zembe, -vivu.) the present time. Also siku ya leo,
*Lehemu, v. solder, apply solder, to-day. Leo hivi, this very day.
repair with solder. Ps. leheniixva. Si leo, not to-day, long ago. Si -a
Nt. lehemika. Ap. lehei?i-ia, -iwa. leo, old, out of date.
Cs. lehem-isha, -ishwa. — n. also Lepe, n. (ma-) or Leppe, Lepee,
,

Lihamu, solder. Tia /., apply drowsiness, faintness, a heavy slum-

solder. (Ar.) berous condition. Z. la tisingizi,
Lekea, v.also Elekea, which sleepiness, drowsiness. Fanya L, be
see, — also for derivatives, tekeza, le- drowsy. Huyti ni lepee, this man is
keana, &c. drowsy, hard to rouse.
Lema, n. (1) a variant of dema, n. ( ,Leso, —
and ma-), handker-
a wicker fish-trap (see Dema). (2) of printed
chief, —
calico, often worn
a. occasional form of -ef?ia, good, round the neck or on the head. Z.
agreeing with 5 D
(S), i. e. following ya upande mmoja, the scarf of com- '

the analogy of the pronominal adjec- merce, one piece forming a kanga,
tives (like -ote, -enye, and a few i. e. a woman's dress. Z. ya ku-
other adjectives). shona, handkerchief, two pieces of —
Lemaa, n. defect, deformity, dis- three handkerchiefs each being sewn
figurement, blemish, mutilation. together to make a kanga.
-enyi lemaa, deformed, maimed, Leta, v. bring, fetch, supply, cause
crippled, &c. (Cf. follg. and to come to where a person is, thus —
kile ma?) supplying a Cs. of -ja, come. Ps.
Lemaza, v. Cs. maim, mutilate, letwa. Nt. rarely heard, teteka.
disfigure, &c. (Cf. lemaa, kilema.) Ap. tet-ea, -ewa, -eana. Letewa,
Lemea, v. sometimes Elemea (cf. have (a thing) brought to. Wali-
lekea, elekea), (1) press forward, go letewa chakula, they were brought
on steadily, push on (2) press upon, food. Leteana barua, exchange let-
;

rest heavily on, lie on the top of; (3) ters, correspond. Cs. tet-esha,
oppress, be burdensome, discom- -eshwa, -eza, -ezwa. Rp. letana.
mode. E. g. tuzidi kulemea mbele, (Cf. chukua, peleka.)
let us press on faster. Mzigo una- Letu, a. form of-etu, our, ours,
?nlemea, his load is a heavy one. agreeing with 5 (S). D
(Cf. / and
Kasha lililemea juu ya kasha, one -enu.)
box rested on another. Nalilemea -levi, a. drunken, intoxicated,
njia, I pressed hard on the road, given to drinking. (Cf. levya,
i.e. I walked fast. Ps. temewa, lewa, levuka, ulevi, kileo, and -lafi
be burdened, be oppressed, &c. Cs. from -la.)
lem-eza, -ezwa, e. g. pile up, place a Levuka, v. get sober, become
 LEVYA 195 LIMA
sober, become steady — in manner, cry from passion (jealousy). Ap.
gait, &c. —a Rv. Nt. form. (Cf. lilia, liliwa, cry to (for, at, with,
prec. and lewa.) &c.\ sound in harmony with, &c.
Levya, make drunk, intoxicate, Liliwa, be mourned for, &c. Jililia,
v.
cause to reel, make stagger, make bewail oneself. Cs. liza, lizwa,
giddy. Jilezya, make oneself drunk, lizana, cause to sound, make cry,
get intoxicated. Also Rd. levya- cause (or, be the occasion of) crying.
—
levya a Cs. form in -ya, cf. pony a. Lizana, weep together, weep over
(Cf. prec.) each other. Liza bundiiki, fire off a
Lewa, v. gun. Jiliza, pretend to cry, sham
be drunk (giddy, intoxi-
cated), stagger, sway, reel, sorrow, shed mock tears.
wave to Rp.
and fro. Lewa kwa pombe, be drunk liana, e. g. of harmonious, concerted
on native beer. Lewa kzua bahari, of sounds, or general mourning, &c.
the effects of sea-sickness, —
be giddy. (Cf. mho, kilio, and sauti, vuma,
Dau lalewa, of a boat on a rough imba, ngurnma, &c.)
sea,— roll and pitch. Also Rd. lewa- *Libasi, n. See Lebasi. Arab.)
lewa, reel and stagger. (Cf. levya, Licha, conj. and licha ya, prep,
levuka, -levi, tilevi, kileo, ana dist. let alone, not to say, much more
lewa, Ps. of lea, rear, educate.) (less). E.g. sikupata robo moja,
—
Li, verb -form, (it) is, agreeing licha reale, I did not get a shilling,
with D 5 (S), e. g. kasha li zito, the not to mention (much less) a dollar.
box is heavy. L^icha ya haya, hatta mangine ma-
Li-, -li, (i) verb- and pron. a. baya, apart from these, there are
pfx., — agreeing with D
5 (S), e.g. other bad points. Licha tawi lilio-
tdichukue kasha Hie, carry that box. iva, hatta bichi liko, not to mention
(2) sign of Past Tense Affirmative, ripe bunches, there are unripe too.
and also with a-, i. e. -all-, and Licha ya ndege moja, hatta wote
forms part of the Past Conditional ntakupa, one bird is nothing, I will
Tense sign, -ngali-. (3) verb-form give you all of them.
representing sometimes (and in some *Lihamu, n. solder. See Le-
other Bantu dialects regularly) the hemu. (Ar.)
present Tense of wa, be, with or with- *Lijamu, n. bit (of a horse).
out a prefixed, but not used to denote Seruji na lijamu na vigwe, saddle,
absolute existence, e. g. nili (nail), I bit, and reins. (Ar.)
am, nikali, and I am. Ali, he is. Lika, v. Nt. of la, eat (which see).
It is regularly used in connexion with Likiza, v. (1) give leave (respite,
the relative, i.e. aliye, he who is, not relief, holiday) to, release, let go ;

awaye ; zualio, they who are, not (2) dismiss, send away, make go, not
wawao lililo, that which is, not allow to stay. Thus likiza mtoto
;

liwalo. may mean (1) give a boy a holiday,

Lia, v. (1) sound, make a sound or (2) wean a child (cf. achisha).
(the most general word for sound Ps. likizwa. Ap. likiz-ia, -iwa.
of any kind, in animate or inanimate Cs. likiz-isha, -ishwa. Rp. likiz-
nature) (2) utter a cry, cry out (for ana.
;
(Cf. ondosha, ruhusu, achi-
joy, sorrow, pain, &c.) ; (3) mourn, sha, chezesha.)
weep. Chuma yalia, iron has a Lima, v. ffoe, the only native —
ring. Panalia wazi, the place sounds mode of cultivation, hence generally
hollow. Ndege analia, the bird is cultivate, work land.'
' Ps. limwa.
singing. Btmdtiki zalia, guns are Nt. limika, e. g. be fit for cultivation,
going off (sounding\ Lia machozi, arable. Ap. lim-ia, -iwa, e. g.
shed tears, cry. Lia ngoa (uwivti), jembe la kulimia, a hoe to dig with.
O 2
 )

-LIMAJI 196 LINGA

Cs. lim-isha, -ishzua, -ishia, &c, fruits of his estate. Ps. limbukwa.
e. g. of the overseer (msi?namizi), get Ap. limbuk-ia, -iwa. Cs. limbu-sha,
hoeing done, or of the Mahommedan -shwa, e.g. reward waiting, give a
minister (mwalimii), give permission foretaste of, satisfy hope deferred,
to begin hoeing. (Cf. follg. and yield the wished-for result, answer
mlimo, mktilima, kilimo.) expectations. (Cf. limbika, and
-limaji, a. engaged in agriculture. follg.)
Mlimaji, same as mkulima. (Cf. Limbuko, n. (ma-), first-fruits,
lima.} reward of waiting, fulfilment of hope,
Limatia, v. be delayed, remain foretaste of reward. (Cf. prec.)
behind, be late, be too long. Safari -limi, a. talkative, chatting, long-
inalimatia, the expedition is delayed. winded. (Cf. ulimif tongue, and
Ps. limatiwa. Cs. limat-isha,-ishwa. mwenyi do mo.)
(Seldom in Z. Cf. syn. kawia, che- Linda, v. (1) defend, protect,-
lewa, siri.) guard, watch, keep safe (2) keep off, ;

Limau, n. (-ma-), a lemon, fruit of fend off, guard against, watch for.
the mlimau. E. g. angeuawa, lakini Muwigii ame-
Limbika, v. allow time for,
(i) mlinda, he would have been killed,
wait for; (2) keep from, let remain, but God protected him. Jilinde,
reserve, -economize, put aside (in nami ntakidinda, defend yourself and
store) ; (3) bear with, be patient to, I will defend you. Linda kingojo
show consideration for. E.g. li- ndege wasile matunda, keep watch
mbika maji, wait for water, at an — lest birds eat the fruit. Mlinzi hu-
exhausted or slow-running well. L. linda ndege, the watchman watches
ndizi (bnni), wait for bananas (coffee) against the birds. Mke mzuri hali-
to ripen. L. nyele, let the hair grow. ndwi, a pretty woman is not driven
L. maneno, to answer slowly, de- away, not (easily) kept safe.
or, is
liberately. L. walu, not to overwork Ps. lindwa. Nt. lindika. A p.
people, treat with consideration. lind-ia, -iwa, e.g. nimemlindia sha-
Ps. limbikwa, e.g. nazi hulimbikwa mba lake, I have guarded his planta-
juu ya mnazi hatta zikakauka, the tion for him. Cs. lind-isha, -ishwa.
cocoanuts are left on the tree till Rp. lindana. (Cf. mlinzi, Undo,
quite dry, i.e. when wanted for seed. ulinzi.
Ap. limbik-ia, -iwa, e.g. amelimbikia Lindi, n. (ma-), a deep place,
watoto mali, he has reserved (laid up) deep channel, hole, esp. in water,—
money for his children. (Cf. follg.) the sea. Also /. la choo, cesspool.
Limbiko, n. (ma-), anything re- (There is a town called Lindi on the
served, put away in store, hoard, coast south of Zanzibar, another Ma-
leserve. (Cf. limbika, and follg., lindi (or Melindi) north, and a dis-
and syn. akiba.) trict of Zanzibar city is also called
Limbuka, v. come to an end of Malindi.)
waiting for, get the result of waiting Lindo, n. (ma-), a watching-place,
(care, consideration, prudence), enjoy station post (to guard).
,
(Cf. linda,
a looked-for advantage, have a first and kingojo?)
taste of pleasure deferred, enjoy the Linga, v. (1) make equal, put side
first-fruits, get the benefit of, use for by side, match, compare, suit, level,
the first time. E.g. watu wanali- smooth, straighten, harmonize (2) ;

mbuka leo vitu vya mwaka, people be equal, be like, suit, harmonize, fit.
are now beginning to enjoy the year's L. bunduki, level a gun, take aim
produce. Kwejida kulimbtika katika (cf. elekezd). L. itguo, try on clothes,
s/iamba lake, go to enjoy the first- be measured for clothes. L. kichwa,
 -LINGANIFU 197 LOWA
of a movement in dancing, —
bending *Lisasi, n. ( — , and ma-), also
the head forward and sweeping round. Risasi, (1) lead (the metal); (2)
Watte pia wamelinga kiatii hiki, a bullet. (Cf. malisaa, popoo.)
every one has tried on this shoe, — of Liwa, n. sweet-scented wood
Cinderella's slipper. Ps. lingwa. brought from Madagascar, like san-
Nt. lingika. Ap. ling-ia, -iwa. dal-wood. It is giated, mixed with
Rp. lingana, e.g. match, be like, water, and used as a perfume. (Cf.
—
be level, harmonize, also, make a sandali, mliwa.)
suitable reply. Also linganya, li- *Liwali, n. (ma-), also Wali,
nganisha, ? linganyua. (Cf. -li- governor, headman, i.e. the Arab
nga?iifu.) official representing the Sultan of
-linganifu, a. (same with D 4 (P), Zanzibar, or supreme government.
D 5 (S), D 6), agreeing, matched, (Ar. il wali, changed to lizuali, cf.
similar, suitable, harmonious, regular. tawala.)
(Cf. linga, ulinganifu.) Liza, v. (1) cause to buy, induce
Linganya, v. Cs. of Linga (which to buy, sell to, e.g. mbona watu
see), e.g. suit, match, harmonize, tune unawaliza ? Why are you getting
(an instrument). people to buy? (seems to be conn,
Lini, adv. interrog., When? At with uza, sell, as if for tdiza, see
what time ? (Cf. syn. wakatigani ? uza). (2) Cs. of Ha, cause to sound,
saa ngapi ? siku ipi ?) make cry.
Lio, n. (ma-), sound, loud cry,
Malio ya Biza.
—
Liza, n. ( ), door chain. See
shout, roar, loud wailing.
kiko, the bubbling sound of a native Lo, a. relative, agreeing with D 5
pipe (with a water-bowl). (Cf. Ha, (S), '
which, that.' Seldom used in-
mlio, kilio.) dependently except in such a phrase
Lipa, v. (1) pay, give in payment, as kasha lo lote, any box whatsoever.
repay, make a return for, recompense, Hakufanya (neno) lo lote, he did
compensate, reward ; (2) have to pay, nothing at all. (Cf. /, and -0.)
suffer (for). Lipa deni, pay a debt. -lo, a. (1) short form of lako,
Nikulipe niema yako tdiyonitendea, appended sometimes to D 5 (S), e.g.
let me pay back your kindness to jinalo, your name, i.e. jina lako.
me. Lipa kisasi, suffer vengeance, Also (2) in verbs,' which, that,' agree-
— also, take vengeance, i.e. pay back. ing with D 5 (S), ncno alilolinena,
Ps. lipiva. Nt. lipika. Ap. lip- the word which he spoke.
-ia, -iwa, pay to (for, on behalf of, Lo, Loo, int. of pleasure, wonder,
&c), avenge. Cs. lip-isha, -ishwa, horror, &c, — the intensity of feeling
-iza, -izwa, -izana, make pay, exact being represented by the indefinite
a return from, &c. Lipiza kisasi, prolongation of the vowel sound.
take vengeance on. Jilipiza, pay Loa, -loefu. See Lowa, -lo-
oneself by force, take as one's due, wefu.
and with kisasi, avenge oneself on. Loga, v. bewitch, use enchant-
(Cf. lipo, lipizi.) ment on, place under a spell or charm.
Lipizi, n. (ma-), forced payment, Ps. logwa. (Cf. tcganga, uchawi,
exaction, vengeance. (Cf. lipa, mwanga, and pagaza.)
lipo.) Loo, int. See Lo.
Lipo, n. (ma-), payment, recom- Lowa, v. and Loa, get wet, be
pense, revenge. (Cf. lipa.) soaked (drenched, saturated), be
—
*Lisani, n. tongue, flap, used of damp. Nt. loweka, (1) get wet,—
the flap under the opening of a kanztc same as lowa, and (2) make wet,
in front. (Ar.) drench, souse, e. g. loweka nguo, put
 LOWAMA 198 M
clothes to soak. Ps. lowekwa, be syllable. This semi-vowel sound
wetted, drenched, soaked, &c. Cs. might be represented in many words
low-esha, -eshwa. Rp. lowana, i. e. by writing m
with a u preceding or
all get wet together. (Both the / following, i. e. mu-, wji-. But the
and w
sounds are evanescent, and so vocalization of m
is in Zanzibar so

oa, oeka, oana may be heard. Cf. slight, and yet so characteristic, that
follg. and tia maji, rutubisha, cho- mw- is best written for mu- before a
vya.) vowel, and m
written m\ when it is
Lowama, v. be in a wet condition, necessary to indicate its distinct
be soaked, &c, and Ap. lowamia. syllabic character, —
a necessity, how-
Cs. lowamisha. (A St. form. Cf. ever, which does not occur very often
Iowa, and follg.) in practice. Thus the m
is strictly

-lowefu, a. and -loefu (same with the same in mtoto and mtti, mtini
D 4 (P), D
5 (S), D
6), wet, moist, and mti, but as in Swahili the accent
damp, soaking. Fanya gundi ilo- always falls on the last syllable but
weke katika maji hatta ilowame, let one, the m in mioto and mtini has
the gum be steeped in water, till it is little more than a consonantal force,
thoroughly soaked. (Cf. Iowa, and and the words may be scanned as
syn. maji maji, chepe chepe, -a ru- disyllables, while in mtu, mti, m
tuba.) has a distinct syllabic force suffi-
*Lozi, n. (ma-), an almond, — from ciently shown by the form of the
the tree mlozi. word and ordinary rules of Swahili
Luba, n. a leech. See Mruba. pronunciation. On the other hand,
*Lugha, language, speech. L.
n. m may well be written ni in words
ya kiunguja na kimvita ni mbali like a??ika, aliifipa, &c, and mu in
kidogo, the language of Zanzibar and words like muhogo, muhindi (which
Mombasa differ slightly. (Ar. Cf. see).
syn. maneno, and use of ki-J) M and the vowel a) is one
(like k,
Lulu, n. a pearl. Kuzamia /., of the commonest and most character-
to dive for pearls. Bora kama I., as istic sounds of the Swahili language,
beautiful as a pearl. As a type of owing to its wide use as a formative
perfection, /. is playfully used in salu- in Swahili generally, and also in
tation. Htijatnbo ka?na lulu? Are Arabic words adopted and adapted
you as well, as a pearl (is beautiful)? for Swahili use, and though some-
(Cf. for gems, kito, almasi,jiruzi, &c.) what un-English it is not difficult
Lungu, n. (ma-). See Rungu. for a foreigner to become accustomed
Lungula, v. and Rungula, treat to. In the Arabic words common in
with violence, extort money from, Swahili, m, mti, and ma generally
blackmail, threaten, rob. Not often point to verbal nouns of time, place,
heard in Z. (Ci.m lungula, hongo, &c. or to the participles formed with
nyanganya.) —
m, their accidental similarity to
*Luthth.a, n. taste, flavour, savour. common Bantu forms helping to their
(Ar. Cf. utamu.) adoption and adaptation, even when
the original force of the Arab, for-
M. mative is disregarded. E. g. the
M represents the same sound as innames Muhamadi (or M/iamadi),
English. But beside this purely Mabruki, and mathbuha, 7nathbahu,
consonantal sound, it includes also &c. It is so common as a formative
a semi-vowel sound, very common in of verbal nouns, that it is impossible
Swahili, capable of bearing an accent to give in this Dictionary all such
and so of being treated as a distinct nouns, actual or potential, in Swahili.
 M 199 MA-
Many must therefore be looked for, and (2) with nouns ending with the
if not found under m, mw- (or the locative -ni, when indicating place
other common pfxs. ma-, nib-), under or circumstances within which some-
the letter next following, where at least thing happens, e. g. nyumbani miva-
the root-meaning may be indicated. ngu, in my house. It is also prefixed
M, as a simple independent sylla- to adjectives (3) with the same
ble, is a verb-form '(you) are,' used general force as ku, e. g. mzuri humo,
like other person prefixes for ni, like kuzuri huko, it is nice there.
agreeing with the Pronoun of 2 Mwenyi (or kwenyi) saa moja, at one
Pers. Plur. e. g. ninyi m
watu wazuri, (seven) o'clock, in one hour.
you are people.
fine C. In verbs, (1) subjective pfx.
M (or mw- before a vowel, and in of the 2 Pers. Plur., and occasionally,
some words mu-) is, as a formative with -ni affixed to the verb, objective
A. of nouns, (1) the characteristic of the same, e.g. mwapenda, you
initial sound (properly semi-vocal, love, ampendani, he loves you, (2)
but often practically consonantal, as objective pfx. of 3 Pers. S. agreeing
noticed above) of 1 (S),D D
2 (S), with D
1 (S), and also (3) subjective
and of adjectives agreeing with them of the same, when the reference is to
other than pronominal (which as a environment generally or place in
rule begin with w, i. e. u, not mu, particular, like ku and pa, e.g.
e. g. mtu wangle, mti wenyewe). The mnamo, there is (in) there, and mna,
omission of m
before words of these there is (in) there. Mnanuka humot
declensions has the effect of trans- there is a smell in there.
ferring them to D
5, usually giving Obs. adjectives are as a rule in this
them an amplificative meaning. Dictionary placed under the first
(2) a formative of verbal nouns, letter of their root. But a number
prefixed at pleasure to any verbal of adjectives practically confined by
stem, act. or pass., and forms a noun their meaning to D
1 are also for con-

denoting 1. a personal agent (or venience given under m, as their most

patient) and (a) if the final vowel of common singular form, and as often
the verb stem is unchanged, the noun used of persons without any noun,
is so completely verbal as usually and so practically nouns themselves.
to govern a noun following, e. g. mla (Cf. mo, mu, mwa, and ku, pa.)
watte, a cannibal, —
but (b) if such Ma-, as an initial syllable 1. is —
final vowel is changed to -e, -i, or in most words of Arabic origin the
has -ji affixed, the noun is a true noun, Arabic formative of verbal nouns and
-e often indicating a passive force, participles, but from its identity of
-ji an habitual agent, e.g. mneni, form it is sometimes treated by Swa-
mchungaji, mkate. 2. If the final hili instinctas the B. formative of the
vowel is -0, the noun denotes an plur. of D
5 (cf. same tendency as to
action or thing acting, not a personal the formative ki, e. g. kitabu, plur.
agent. Cf. mshindo, mwanzo, mzu- vitabu). 2. as a formative proper
nguko, &c. in Swahili, ma- is (a) the plur. pfx.
B. In adjectives, a prefix agreeing of D 5 and of adjectives agreeing
(1) with D
2 (S), D
4 (S), e.g. mtu with them (other than pronominal
mwema, mti mzuri (but obs. that in adjectives, thest;having y- for ma-),
the pronom. adj. angu, -ako, &c, (b) a plur. pfx. denoting what is
w (for takes the place of mw, e.g.
11) large of its kind. Thus many nouns
mtu wangu, and also in the adj. -ote, have practically two plurals, express-
-enyi, -enyewe, in agreement with ing different degrees of size or im-
D 2 (S), D 4 (S), e. g. mti wenyewe), portance, e. g>pete, as D 6, is a ring
 ; ;

-MA 200 MAANDAMANO

of moderate or ordinary size, plur. kwama, simama, fumbana, tuaina,
pete but pete, plur. mapete, rings of
;
&c. See also -mana, -ama.
unusual size (cf. the dim. kipete, a *Maabudu, n. an object (objects)
small ring, plur. vipete). (c) the of worship. (Ar. Cf.abudzi,zbada.)
plur. pfx. of most foreign words, *Ma£dam, conj. (1) when, while,
even when the singular is treated since ; (2) since, if, seeing that, be-
asD i, e.g. sultani, plur. masultani. cause. E. g. maadam amtaka, when
(d) used with some adjectival roots (as long as) he wants him. Maadam
with the meaning usually conveyed ya kufika wewe huku, since your ar-
by the prefix u, e. g. makali ya rival here. (Arab., not often heard.
upanga, the sharpness (or, edge) of Cf. wakati wa, and -po.)
a sword ; mapana ya mti, the thick- *MaafIkano, n. plur. (1) agree-
ness (girth, diameter) of a tree ment, contract, bargain, settlement
viakuit, pride and cf. tisumbiio, (ac-
; (2) mutual understanding (respect,
tive) annoyance; masumbuo, annoy- esteem). Nina maafikano naye, I am
ing acts, and, when these are regarded on good terms with him. (Cf.
collectively, '
annoyance in general,
' afiki, mwafaka, and syn. maagano,
like the sing. as the plur. pfx.
(e) mfiataba.)
of nouns, which in the sing, usually *Maakuli, n„ and Makuli, vic-
occur as D
4, and some of these tuals, food. (Arab. Cf. syn. chaktila.)
nouns have accordingly two plurals. *Maalum, a. well-known, recog-
In this case, ma- (1) often denotes nized, true. (Arab. Cf. e!i?mi.)
concrete instances of what is in the Maamkio, Maamkizi, n. plur.,
sing, usually abstract, e. g. uamkizi, visits, acts of visiting. (Cf. am'&a,
visiting in general maamkizi, par-
; zuru.)
ticular visits. (2) as a plur. pfx. of *Maamuma, n. an utter fool,
verbal nouns from an act. or pass, blockhead, simpleton, ignoramus.
stem, e.g. masifu, masifiwa,matakwa, (? Ar. Cf. syn. mjinga, mshenzi,
but the corresponding sing, is not kafiri. )
used. It may also (3) refer to rela- Maamuzi, n. plur., and Maam'zi,
tive size, cf. (b) above. Obs. (1) judgement, arbitration, verdict. (Cf.
the prefix ma- when followed by e, i, amua, mwamuzi, and syn. kziktimtt.)
or 0, coalesces with it to form an e *Maana, n. (1) cause, reason,
sound, e. g. makasha meupe(ina-etipe), sake, consideration (2) meaning,
;

mengi (ina-ingi), meroro (ma-eroro). import, purpose, intention (3) rea- ;

(2) the words given under ma- in this
Dictionary are mainly either (a) of
Arabic origin and form, or (b) used
only or mostly in the plur., or (c)
used in plur. with a meaning some-
what different from that of the sing.,
or (d) of unusual meaning. Words
beginning with ma-, not found under
ma-, may be looked for under the
letter following ma-, or under u fol-
lowed by that letter.
-ma \-amd) is the characteristic
termination of what may be called
the Stative form or conjugation of the
Swahili verb, denoting a relatively
permanent state or condition, e. g.
sonableness, sobriety, sense. E. g.
kwa maana (ya), because (of), on
account of, for the sake of, consider-
ing (that). Tia maanani, keep in
mind, ponder, reflect on. Maneno
ya m., statements of importance.
Waume wenyi m., manly, sensible
persons. Asiojua maana, haambiwi
maana, he who does not know the
meaning will not be told it. Often
(4) as conj., because, in order to (that).
Maandalio, n. plur., preparation,
esp. of food, cooking and serving
a meal. (Cf. andaa, uandao, ma-
andasi.)
Maandamano, Maandamizi, n.
 ) a
;

MAANDASI 201 MACHWA

plur., a following, train, procession. by knowledge, not by force. (Ar.
(Cf. andamana.) Cf. arifu, taarifu, and follg., and
Maandasi, used of any
n. plur., syn. e/imu, busara, akili.)
kind of confectionery, and sweet *Maarufu, a. known, celebrated,
cooked dishes, e. g. pastry, pies, famous. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
tarts, puddings, jams, cakes, buns, *Maasi, n. any repudiation of obli-
&c. Various kinds are bumunda, gation (duty, right), i.e. disobedience,
ladu, kitumbua, mkate wa kumimina rebellion, mutiny, disloyalty, apos-
(70a kusonga, wa sinia, wa iambi, tasy, desertion of wife or children,
wa mo/a), nyang^amba, &c. M. &c. (Cf. asi, nasi, and syn. halifu,
ya mayai, an omelette. Sinia ya thuhimu^)
maandasi, a tray for sweetmeats. Maawio, n. plur. See Maao.
(Cf. andaa, and prec.) *Maazimu, n. a loan, a debt.
Maandikio, place (time,
n. plur., (Ar. Cf. azi?nu, kopa, and syn. deni,
manner, &c.) of putting ready, pre- karatha.)
paration, arrangement, esp. of serving *Mabruki, n. a common Swahili
up meals. (Cf. andika, mwandishi, —
name, meaning blessed. (Ar. Cf.
&c, and follg.) bariki, mbaraka.)
Maandiko, n. plur., (1) setting in *Maburudisho, Maburudu, n.
order, arranging, putting ready ; (2) recreation, refreshment, relief. (Ar.
things set in order, arrangements, &c. Cf. baridi, burudisha.)
(3) esp. things written, writings, re- *Machela, n. litter, palanquin,
port, description. (Cf. andika, sling or hammock for carrying a
mwandiko, and mkono.) person. (Cf. tusi.)
Maandishi, n. plur., like maand- Macbeleo, n. plur. objects of fear
iko, but esp. of preparing and serv- (reverence, awe). (Cf. cha, v., fear,
ing food, food served, &c. Also of and a/a.)
writing, handwriting. (Cf. prec.) Macheo, n. plur. for mackweo.
Maanga, a. Maji maanga, clear, Macheo ya jua, sunset, the west.
transparent water. (Cf. -angafn, (In Z. magaribi is usual. Cf. cha, v.,

anga, &c.) and machwa.)

Maangalizi, n. plur., careful at- Machinjo, n. plur. slaughter,
tention. ^Cf. anga/ia.) massacre, place of slaughter. Also
Maangamizi, n. plur., utter ruin, ?nachinjio, slaughter-house. (Cf.
destruction, collapse. M. ya kesho, chinja.)
ruin in the next world, eternal dam- Macho, n. plur. (1) eyes (sing.
nation. (Cf. angamia.) jicho, which see), and as a. awake,
Maanguko, n. plur., fall, collapse, on the alert; (2) macho ya jua, sun-
fallen remains, ruins. M. ya maji, rise, east. (Cf. cha, v., dawn, and
cataract, cascade, waterfall. (Cf. maao.)
angnka.) Machubwichubwi, n. pi. mumps.
Maao, n. plur., and Maawio. Machukio, n. plur., (1) objects of
Maao ya jua (i. e. mawao, cf. wad), hate, abomination, offence (2) and ;

sunrise, the orient, east (cf. macho y Machukizo, feeling of hate, hatred,
jua). (In Z. mashariki is usual.) disgust, aversion, loathing. No-
Maapizo, n. plur., imprecations, 7?ichukia machtlkio makuu, I utterly
curses, denunciations. (Cf. apa, detest him. (Cf. chuki, chnkia.)
apzza. Machunga, n. plur. pasturage,
*Maarifa, knowledge, informa- pastures, feeding-places for animals.
n.
tion, intelligence, news. Matnbo ni (Cf. chunga, and malisha, lis ha.)
maarifa, si nguvu, the world is ruled Machwa, n. plur. Machwa ya
 ;

MACHWEO 202 MAGEUZI

jua, sunset, west. (Cf. cha, v., and Mafaa,
n. use, utility, profit, ad-
macheo for machweo, follg.) e.g. ng'ombe hizi hazina
vantage,
Machweo, n. plur. Machweo ya mafaa, these oxen are no good. (Cf.
jua, as machwa. faa, vifaa, faida, and syn. uchumi.)
Madadi,n. a preparation of opium, Maficho, n. plur. concealment,
made up in pellets for smoking. place of concealment, hiding-place.
(Cf. afyuni, kasu?nba, bangi.) Amefanya kwa maficho, he has acted
*Madaha, n. plur. airs, graces, secretly, i.e. kifichoficho. (Cf.
fascinating manners. Fanya (piga) ficha.)
m., show off, make a display, of —
Mafu, n. death, dead things. Also
personal attractions. as adj., maji mafu, neap tide. (Cf.
Madai, n. plur. occupation or fa, kifo, ufu, -fu. In Z. 7?iauti (Ar.)
profession of an advocate. Also is usual for death.)
lawsuit, legal claims. (Cf. dai, Mafua, n. plur. chest symptoms,
dataa.) chest complaint (cold in the chest,
Madanganya, n. plur. tricks, im- bronchitis, pneumonia, phthisis, &c).
posture, deception, illusion, cheating. (Cf. kifua,pafu.)
(Cf. danganya, hila, ujanja, werevu.) Mafungulia, n. plur. unfastening,
Madaraka, n. plur. arrangements, — esp. mafungulia ng'ombe, as a mark
responsible management, care, direc- of time, grazing time, about 8-9 a.m.,
tion. M. ya
nyiunba, house-keeping. when the dew is gone, and sun not
(Cf. diriki, and syn. matengenezo, too hot. {Qi.fungua.)
maandiko.) Mafusho, n. See Mavusho.
Madende, n. plur. Sauti ya ma- Mafuta, n. plur. oil, fat, grease
dende, an affected style of singing, with (of any kind). M. ya nyama, fat,
trills, quavers, protracted notes, &c. lard, dripping (also shahamu,
Madevu, n. plur. beard, beard-like animal fat. Butter is commonly dis-
appendage or growth, e. g. of plants, tinguished as siagi, or samli, ghee).
maize, &c. (Cf. tidevu, plur. ndevu, Mafuta ya taa (ya kizungu, ameri-
kidevu.) kand), common petroleum. Vegetable
Madifu,the fibrous envelope which oils are mafuta ya uta, semsem oil
binds the young cocoanut leaf to the m.ya ?nbdrika,cz.'s,tox oil; m. ya uazi,
parent stem. (Cf. kilifu.) cocoanut oil. (Cf. futa, ufuta,
*Madini, n. metal, of any kind. — ? ztta.)

( Ar. For metals known in Z. cf. chuma, Mafuu, n. plur. craziness, silliness,
iron shaba, copper, brass bait, tin
; ;
;
half-witted state. (Cf. kichaa, wa-
risasi, lead ; thahabu, gold ; fetha, zzmu.)
silver.) Mafya, n. plur. (smg.jifya) stones ,

Madoadoa, n. used as a., spotted, used to support a pot or kettle in

speckled. (Cf. doa, and maraha- cooking. (Q{.majiga,meko.) Also
raka.) name of an island (Momfia), S. of
Maelezi, n. plur. floating, being Zanzibar.
afloat, anchorage, roadstead, moder- *Magadi, n. soda. Also plur. of
ately deep water. (Cf. elea, chelezo, gadi (which see).
and follg.) *Magaribi, n. also Mangaribi,
Maelezo, n. plur. explanations, Magrebi, (1) time of sunset, Ma-
descriptions, comment. (Cf. elea, hommedan evening prayers or vespers;
eleza, and prec.) (2) place of sunset, the west (3) ;

Mafa, n. plur. place of burial, Morocco (as the western land). (Ar.
cemetery. (Cf. fa. In Z. makaburi, Cf. mashariki.)
maziara are usual.) Mageuzi, n. plur. change, changes,
 — ;

MAGO 203 MAJI

changeableness. Also mageuzo, i.e. plant muhindi. (Cf. hindi, mu-
—
changings, the process rather than hindi.)
the fact or effect, and cf. geua. *Mahiri, a. and Maheli, skilful,
Mago, n. plur. of kago (which see). clever, quick. Fundi mahiri, a
clever
Magombezi, n. plur. quarrel, op- craftsman. (Ar. Cf. umahiri, and
position , prohibition. Also magombe- syn. mbingwa, mstadi, waria, &c.)
20,quarrellings, —
of the action, rather Mahoka, n. plur. (1) (a kind of)
than the fact or effect. (Cf.gomba, evil spirits ; (2) frenzy, mania, mad-
gombeza, ugomvi.) ness. (Cf. shetani, pepo.)
*Mahabba, n. affection, fondness, *Maisha, n. (1) continuance, dura-
love. (Ar. Cf. habba, muhebbi.) tion, permanence; (2) life (in respect
*Mahali, n. also Mahala, cf. of length and duration), period of
pahali, pahala, (i) place, position, living, mode of life. E.g. mti htm
situation, and fig. place of honour; una m. sana, this wood is very dur-
(2) region, district, country (cf. in- able. M. maovu, evil living. M.
chi) ; (3) room, space, interval (cf. mengi, long Also as adv., ma-
life.

nafasi). Mahali {pahali)

the only
noun in Swahili meaning place,' the
only word with which the pfx. p-
{pa-, pd) in reference to space is
regularly associated, and as a rule
means 'place, position,' only. E.g.
mahali hapa, this place. M. hapo
{pale), that place. M. pote, every
place, everywhere. Mahali pa, in
the place of, instead of. Waka-
mwendea pale pahali pake, and they
went to him at his place there. Ani-
weka mahali, he puts me in a place,
i.e. treats me with distinction. (Ar.
Cf. pahali, —
a form assimilated to
the B. pfx. of place. Dist. mahari,
dowry.)
*Maharazi, a shoemaker's awl,
n.
— (Arab.)
for stitching leather.
*Mahari, n. a marriage settlement,
is isha na mtlele, for life and for ever,
'
i. e. for ever and ever. Utufunge
maisha yetu, imprison us for life.
Mpaka maisha, till life ends, the
whole life long. {Maisha is treated
sometimes as D 6, sometimes as D 5,
though there is no sing. isha. While
maisha mengi means (see above)
'
long life,' maisha nyingi would
rather mean 'many lives,' i.e. life-
periods. Maisha is life in respect of
length and content ; umri, time of
life, age; uzima, life as manifest
in the living condition, state of living
roho, the life-principle, soul, spirit.
(Ar. Cf. ishi, aushi, uzima, roho,
ztmri.)
*Maiti, n. a dead body, corpse,
usually human only. Also, a dead
person i. e. mtu maiti. Hukuta maiti
,

money or property paid to the wife's za Wawemba, we kept coming on

relations, or settled on the wife. the bodies of dead Wawemba. (Ar.
Tumepatana na mahari yake rupia Cf. mauti, also mzoga, pinda.)
sittini, we have agreed as to her *Majahaba, n. a dock — for ships.
dowry, viz. sixty rupees. (Ar. (Cf. gudi.)
Dist. mahali?) Majaliwa, n. what is granted, aid,
*Mahati, a carpenter's gauge help, favour, grace of God.
n. (Cf.
for marking lines. Also, a marking Jali,jalia.)
cord, ruddle. (Hind.) Majani, n. plur. grass, leaves, in —
*Mah.azamu,n.a shawl or wrapper general. See 3fani.
worn round the waist as a girdle. *Majeruhi, a. wounded. (Ar.
(Ar. Cf. mshipi, masombo, utu- C f jerah a, jeruh i. ) .

mbuu.) Maji, n. water, or what resembles

Mahindi, n. plur. single grains of water, (1) in general, liquid, fluid, —
Indian corn, maize, i.e. seeds of the moisture, damp ; (2) in particular,
 —
MAJIBIZANO 204 MAKERUHI
secretion, juice, sap, &c. Usually Majivuno, n. plur. boasting, brag-
treated as 5 D
(P), no singular. ging, self-laudation. (From Rf. of
E.g. teka m., draw water (from vuna, cf. prec. and ktijiona.)
a well, water-hole, &c). M. baridi Majonsi, n. sorrow, grief, mourn-
{matamu, ya pepo, ya mvua), fresh ing, sadness. Fanya (ona) m., be
water. M. ya chumvi {ya bahari), sorrowful, sad. (Cf. hamu, huzuni,
salt water. M. bavwua (makuu), simanzi, sikitiko, &c.)
spring tide. M. mafu, neap tide. *Majuni, n. a preparation of opium,
M. ya moto, (1) hot water, (2) a Indian hemp, &c, with sugar and
kind of light red or yellow ant. other ingredients made up into a
Kama maji, (1) fluid, liquid, (2) fluent, —
sweetmeat, strongly intoxicating.
flowing, —
of ready speech. Used (Cf. madadi.)
also in virtual compounds, mja maji, Majuto, n. plur. and Majutio,
one who arrives by sea, a stranger, regret, repentance, remorse. Majuto
newcomer. Mivana maji, a sailor, ni mjukuu, remorse is like a grand-
sea-faring man. M. ya shahada, child, i.e. comes at last. (Cf. juta,
water poured (by Mahommedans) and toba.)
into a small hole at the head of a Makaa, n. plur. coal, charcoal.
grave, when filled in. Also as a., See Kaa.
maji, 77iajimaji, wet, damp. (Cf. Makalalao, n. nickname of the
Ar. md, water, maj, bitter, salt, briny, Madagascar settlers in Zanzibar. (M.
or better perh. uji, rice gruel, and means cockroaches, in Z. commonly —
? ja, v. Other Bantu dialects have mende.)
madzi, amanzi, matsi, mezi, medi, Makali, n. the sharp part, edge,
mesi, ma ski, &c.) point, of a thing, e.g. makali ya
*Majibizano, n. teaching by ques- upanga, the edge of a sword, as
tion and answer, catechetical instruc- contr. with bapa, the flat. (Cf.
tion. (Cf. jibu.) -kali, ukali, and mapana.)
*Majibu, n. an answer, reply, *Makani, n. dwelling, dwelling-
response, also as a plur. form, an- place, residence, home. (Ar. Cf.
swers. (Ar. Cf.jibu,jawabu.) masikani, makazi, kao, makao.)
Majilio, n. plur. time (place, *Makasi, n. a pair of scissors,
manner, &c.) of coming (to), ap- sometimes mkasi, also treated as
proach, arrival, advent. (Cf. ja, 5 (P). D(Ar.)
jilia.) *Makataa, n. binding agreement,
Majilipa, Majilipo, Ma-
n. also contract, final settlement, engage-
jilip-izi, -izo, -isho, repayment, re- ment. (Ar. Cf. kata, kataa, nika-
quital, revenge. (Cf. lipa, malipo, taa, and syn. mkataba, skarti.)
and syn. kisasi.) Makatazo, n. plur. prohibition,
*Majira, n. time, period, season. objection, refutation. (Cf. kataa,
Kwa m. haya, at this time. M. ya kataza.)
mvua, rainy season. As conj. 'when, Makazi, n. plur. dwelling, dwell-
while,' e. g. m. akilinda shamba, ing-place, mode of dwelling. (Cf.
while (he is) watching the plantation. kaa, v., kao, &c, and syn. makani,
(Ar. Cf. wakiti, pindi.) masikani.)
*Majira, course of a ship,
n. in —
Makengeza, n. plur. squinting, a
navigation. Twaa mdjira, get bear- squint, i. e. m. ya macho. Mwenyi m.,
ings, find the course. (Ar.) one who squints. Kuwa na m., to
Majisifu, n. plur. self-praise, boast- have a squint, so angalia kwa m.—
ing, brag, conceit. (From Rf. of (Cf. upogo, kitongo.)
sifu, cf. follg.) *Makeruhi, a. offensive, in bad
 MAKI 2C5 MALELEZI
taste, wrong. (Ar. Cf. kiri/ii, Also as adv., on purpose, intention-
ikirahi, and syn. ??iachukizo.) ally, voluntarily, and as conj. that, in
*Maki, n. thickness, stoutness. order that, to. (Ar. Cf. kusudi,
Nguo za m., thick clothes. JJknta and conj. tilt.)
tina 7?i., the wall is thick. (Ar. Makutano, n. plur. gathered people
amag, deep, depth, and cf. unene, or things, a gathering, assemblage,
urefu, zipana.) meeting, crowd, collection. (Cf.
*Makini, n. quiet, docile,amen- kuta, mkutano, and syn. makusanyiko,
able, well behaved, gentle, composed. Jamii.)
Roho makini, a quiet disposition, Makuti, n. plur. used commonly
e.g. of a child who stays at home, of cocoanut leaves prepared for use
and does what it is told. (Ar. Cf. as thatch in Zanzibar. See Kuti.
-pole, -tulivu.) Makuu, n. (strictly plur. of a.
*Makiri, a cleat on the side of
n. -kmi), (i) pride, ambition, ostenta-
a native vessel, for fastening a rope tion, show (cf. fahari, kiburi, maji-
(Str.). sifit). Also (2) presumption, which
Makosekano, n. plur. failure, lack, ignores human conditions of depend-
defect, deficiency , want. M.ya tmani, ence and limitation, defiance of divine
want of faith. M. ya bithaa, no law, blasphemy, sacrilege (cf. ma-
supply of goods. (Cf. kosa, kose- kufurii). (Cf. -kuu.)
kajnz, and syn. uputtgufu.) Makwa, n. plur. notches, cut in —
*Maksai, n. a castrated animal, the top of an upright post, to carry a
bullock, gelding. JVg'ombe maksai, cross-piece.
a bullock. (Ar. Cf. hasi, and *Malaika, n. (1) a messenger, an
towashi.) angel ; (2) a baby (cf. kitoto, mcha-
*Makubazi, a pair of nga).
n. plur. (Ar., and dist. malaika,
leather sandals with ornamentation. down, from laika.)
(Cf. kiatu, ndara, mlalawanda.) Malaji, n. plur. greediness, glut-
*Makufu.ru,n. infidelity, sacrilege, tony, voracity (as shown in acts or
blasphemy. (Ar. Cf. kajiri, ka- habits, while ulaji is rather of the
\furu.) quality or character in general).
*Makuli, n. and Maakuli, food, (Cf. la, chakula, ulaji.)
victuals, provisions. (Ar. Cf. cha- Malalo, n. plur. sleeping things,
kula, riziki, nafuu.) i.e. place, arrangements, bedding,
Makulima, n. plur. implements or things to lie on. (Cf. lala, ulalo,
operations of agriculture, agriculture, and follg.)
tillage. (Cf. lima, mkulima, kili- Malazi, n. plur. also Malazo, (1)
mo.) things to sleep on, bedding, like —
Makungu, n. plur. signs of dawn, malalo, e.g. ngito njema na malazi
daybreak. (Cf. ukungu.) mema, fine clothes and fine things to
Makupaa, n. plur. See Kupa. sleep on; (2) marriage bed, sexual
Makupwa, n. plur. shore, rocks, intercourse. (Cf. laza, lala.)
&c, uncovered at
left low
Malele, n. orchilla weed, used as
tide.
(Cf. piva, pwani, kipwa.) a dye, and a regular article of com-
Makusanyiko, n. plur. gathered merce in East Africa.
people or things, a gathering, crowd, Malelezi, n. plur. the season of
concourse, meeting, assembly, collec- uncertain and changing winds, be-
tion. (Cf. kusanya, kutana, and tween the monsoons and during the
syn. mkutano, makatano, j'amit.) rains, i. e. about April and Novem-
*Makusudi, n. plur. and Maka- ber in Z. Also called tanga mbili.
sidi, purposes, intentions, objects. (Cf. musimu, kusi, kaskazi.)
 ; ;

MALENGA 206 MAMA

Malenga, n. a professional singer, (4) (Str.) the flap or small apron
employed to lead the singing in of beads worn by a string round the
dances, concerts, &c. (Perhaps at loins by native women on the main-
first the name of a well-known land (but ? in Z.).
singer.) Malipizi, n. plur. causing to pay,
*Maleuni, a. accursed. (Arab. retaliation, revenge, dunning for
Cf. laana, -laanifu.) debts, distraint, extortion. Malip-
Malevi, n. plur. of zdevi, izo (and -isho), what is exacted, ex-
drunkenness, i. e. drunken habits, torted, and so vengeance, fine, &c,
acts, &c, -ulevi, rather of the quality but also as malipizi. (Cf. lipa,
or condition. (Cf. lewa, and follg., also kisasi.)
levya, —
and malafi.) Malipo, n. plur. payment, reward,
Malezi, n. plur. of ulezi, rearing, atonement, vengeance suffered or
bringing up, both of nurture gener- inflicted. (Cf. lipa, and prec.)
ally, and of education, training. *Malisaa, n. shot, i.e. small shot,
Malezi mazuri, good breeding, good for firearms, &c. (Cf. lisasi,
education. (Cf. lea, ulezi.) bullet, and kiasi, cartridge.)
*Mali, n. (treated indiscriminately Malisha, n. and Malisho, pastur-
as D 6 or D 5 (P)), property, goods, a S e g raz n S ground, paddock, for-
>
i

wealth, riches, possession. Thus age, food for cattle, &c. (Cf. la,
mail yake nyingi, mali mengi, mali lisha, and machtmga.)
zake chache. Ni mali ya, it is the Maliza, v. (1) complete, finish
property of. Mali ya walu (or ya off, bring to end, conclude, wind up
mwenyewe), it is some one else's (2) abolish, kill, destroy. M. kazi,
property, it is not mine. There is a finish a job. M. deni, pay off a
game called maliya ndimu, guessing debt. M. adui, annihilate an enemy.
at an unseen striker. (Ar.) Ps. malizwa. Nt. malizika. Ap.
Malidadi, n. one who makes a maliz-ia, -iwa. Cs. maliz-isha,
show, esp. of dress, a showily -ishwa. Rp. ??ializa?ia. (Ar.
dressed person, fop, dandy, coxcomb. Cf. timiliza, and syn. kamilisha,
(Cf. umalidadi, urembo, mlimb- isha.)
wende.) Malizano, n. plur. mourning of
*Maliki, v. make a beginning of, many together, a general wailing.
set to work on, start a job, e. g. (Cf. Ha, and Cs. liza, lizana.)
of construction, cultivation, &c. M. Malizi, n. plur. things causing
nyumba, begin to build a house. a sound, things rustling, making a
M. shamba, begin to clear, or hoe, a noise. E. g. nasikia malizi nyasini,
plantation. M. kuunda eliombo, I hear things rustling in the rushes.
begin to construct a ship. Ps. ma- (Cf. Ha, and prec.)
likiwa. Ap. malik-ia, -iiva. Malki, n. also Maliki, a king,
Cs. malik-isha, -ishwa. (? Ar. ruler, sovereign. (Arab., not
Cf. miliki, and syn. anza, shika.) usual in Z. Cf. follg. and miliki,
*Maliki, n. See Malki. also syn. sultani, mfalme, j'umbe.)
Malimwengu, n. i. e. mambo ya Malkia, n. (ma-), queen, female
ulimwengu, worldly matters, mun- sovereign. (Cf. prec.)
dane affairs, the concerns of men. Mama, n. mother, female ancestor
(Cf. ulimwengu, mlimwengu.) or parent, of all kinds. —
Mama wa
Malindi, n. (l) plur. of lindi, kambo, step-mother. Mama mkub-
deep places, channels; (2) a district wa (mdogo), mother's elder (younger)
of Zanzibar city; (3) an ancient sister. Mamawee, an African's
town on the coast north of Mombasa most natural cry in pain, sorrow, or
 ! ——
MAMBA 207 MANUKA
surprise. Kr. quotes Mama ni Mu- Mandasi, n. plur. See Maanda-
ungn zua pili, one's mother comes si, and Andaa.
next to God. is Mama
treated *Manemane, n. myrrh.
grammatically like Baba, which see. Manena, n. groin, — between
Mwana is used in polite reference or thigh and belly. (Cf. kinena.)
address to one's own mother (cf. Manga, n. a name of Arabia, esp.
mwana, bibi). the region of Muscat in the Persian
Mamba, n. (1) a crocodile (2) ;
Gulf. It is used to describe various
a name of a very dangerous kind objects connected with or derived
of snake. from Arabia, e. g. pilipili manga,
Mambo, n. plur. of Jambo, black pepper. Mkoma manga,
which see. Used independently pomegranate tree. Njiwa manga,
mambo often means, affairs of im- a variety of pigeon. Jiwe la manga,
portance, difficulties, problems, hard- a kind of whetstone (but cf. mango).
ships, e. g. ulimivengu una mambo, (Cf.mwarabu, Arabuni.)
the world is full of wonders (or, Mangi, Mangine, a. same as
strange things, mysteries, difficulties). Mengi, Mengine, many, more,
Mambo mengi, like visa vingi, com- formed from -ngi, -ngine, instead of
plications, puzzles, perplexities. So -ingi, -ingine, these — latter being
used as int., i.e. wonderful ! very awk- rather more usual in Z. (Cf. /.)
ward ! a poser *Mangili, a kind of cat-head
n.
*Mamlaka, n. (1) authority, do- or cross-piece, for securing a cable,
minion, rule, rights of ownership ;
anchor, or rope at the bow of a native
(2) property, possession, dominions. vessel.
In the latter sense, milki is more Mango, n. a hard, black, rounded
usual. Sina m. na kitu hicho, I have stone used for pounding, smoothing,
no right to(power over) that thing. and polishing.
(Ar. Cf. malki, miliki,milki, and syn. Mangwaji, n. plur. finery, fop-
enzi, amri, hukumic, ngtivu, uwezo.) pery, showy dress or appearance,
Mamoja, a. form of -moja, agree- foolish display. (Cf. syn. uma/i-
ing with D 5 (P), i.e. of one kind, dadi, ulimbwende^)
treated as one. Often used indepen- Mani, n. semen. (Ar. syn. sha-
dently, e. g. mamoja kwangu, it is hawa.)
all one (all the same) to me, I do not Manjano, n. turmeric, used as a —
care, I have no choice. Mamoja, yellow colouring material for orna-
as you like. (Cf. -moja, and syn. ment, and also in curry powder, an —
haithtiru.) East Indian vegetable product. Ra-
-mana, as a termination of verbs ngi ya m., yellow colour.
is a combination of the Stative and Manowari, n. a man-of-war,
Reciprocal suffixes, ma-na, e. g. fu- one of the earliest and most estab-
ngamana, shikamana, ungamana. lished adaptations of an English
(Cf. ma-{e).) word in Swahili. (Others are
Manane, n. only in the phrase more or less commonly known, e. g.
usiku wa manane, the dead of night, boi,kaia, shati, koti, fulana, sitoki,
midnight. Usiku huu umekuwa wa kabati, bira, burashi, daktari, stima,
manane, it is midnight. (Cf. melt, afsa, dazif^ inche, spitali, posta,
nane, eight, —
of which manane is afisi.)
perh. a plural. Thus usiku wa *Mansuli, n. a kind of woollen
vianane means the night at about
'
material, used for dress and as a
2 a.m.' See Saa, and syn. kati ya coverlet.
usiku, usiku wa kati.) Manuka, n. plur. smell, scent
 MANUKATO 208 MAPENDA
odour. (Cf. nuka, and follg., also Maongozi, n. plur. direction,
syn. harufu.) superintendence, management, ad-
Manukato, n. plur. sweet scent, ministration, arrangements. M. ya
perfume, sweet-smelling substance. Muungti, Providence, divine dis-
(Many such are used in Z., as liquids, pensation. (Cf. ongoa, and syn.
in powders, for fumigation, &c. madaraka, matengeneo.)
E. g. marashi (a general term for Maonji, n. plur. tasting, testing,
liquid scents), meski, hal waridi, sa- trial,experiment. Maonji ya mta-
ndali, dasili, tindi, ubani, dalia, ma- mbo, testing a machine, to see if it
guba, rihani, garafuu, garafuu works. (Cf. onja, and maombi
maiti, ztvumba, lizva, buhuri, tibu, from omba, and syn. j'aribu.)
kivumbasi, afu, &c. Cf. Maozi, n. giving in marriage,
ntika,
and -to, which is not common as arrangements for bringing about a
a suffix in Z. except in this word.) marriage. (Cf. oa, oza, and mazi-
*Manuku, n. a copy, transcript, sAi.)
translation, imitation. (Ar. Cf. Mapaji, n. present, gift. (Cf.
nakili.) fa, -paji, tipaji, mpaji, and dist.
Manyiga,n. a kind of hornet paji la tiso, forehead.)
(Str.).
Manyoya, n. plur. of unyoya Mapakizi, n. (1) arrangements
(which see). connected with shipping and dispatch
Manyunyo, n. plur. showers, of goods, conveyance on board, pay-
sprinkling, drizzle, light rain. (Cf. ment of freightage, &c. Also (2)
nyunyiza.) goods shipped, cargo, freight. Simi-
Maokozi, n. plur. saving, rescue, larly mapakio. (Cf. pakia?)
means of saving. (Cf. okoa, mw- Mapalilio, n. plur. also Mapalilo,
okozi.) Mapalio, time (place, process, &c.)
Maombi, n. plur. also Maomvi. of hoeing, i.e. not the first hoeing
(cf. iba, mwivi), prayers, entreaties, {lima), but the cross-hoeing, cleaning
requests, intercessions. (Cf. omba, the ground among trees or crops
and syn. haja, dua, sala.) already planted. (Cf. paa, palia,
Maombolezo, loud wail- palilia.)
n. plur.
ing, lamentations, mourning, dirges. Mapambano, n. plur. contact,
(Cf. omba, omboleza, malio.) comparisons, collisions. (Cf. pa-
Maondokeo, n. plur. (i) depar- mbana)
ture, going away, taking leave ; (2) Mapana, n. plur. the wide or
rising up, respectful salute. (Cf. broad part of a thing, flat side,
ondoka, ondokea.) breadth, width, diameter. Meza hii
Maondoleo, n. plur. taking away, ina mapana, this table is broad.
removal. M. ya thambi, remission Njia mapana thaifu, a road of in-
(forgiveness) of sin. (Cf. ondoa, significant width. (Cf. -pana,
ondolea.) upana, and -nene, and for the form
Maongezi, n. plur. talk, conver- makali.)
sation, gossip, amusement, pastime. Mapatano, n. plur. agreement,
Weka m., prepare for a long chat. contract, understanding, conspiracy,
(Cf. ongea, and syn. mazungumzo.) alliance. (Cf. pata, patana, and
Maongezo, n. plur. addition, in- syn. maafikano, mkataa.)
crease, supplement. (Cf. ongeza Mapema, adv. in good time, early,
and ny ongeza, and syn. mazidisko.) soon. Assubuhi na mape??ia, early in
Maongo, n. plur. back (of men or the morning.
animals), but in Z. usually mgongo Mapenda, n. plur. loving another,
(which see). love. Other nouns of similar form
 )

MAPEPETA 209 MAKEHEMU

from penda may be enumerated here, in an unripe green stage. (Cf.
but most of them will be found also pooza.)
under a sing, form beginning with tc Maposo, n. plur. proposals or
ox p, i.e. as D5or D6. See also arrangements for marrying, wooing.
Penda. Mapendano (sing, u-), (Cf. posa.)
mutual love. Mapendefu, love, Mapoza, n. plur. remedies, means
from
the side of its object, i. e. being loved, or appliances for healing. (Cf.
love as experienced. Mapendelefu, poa, pona, poza, and syn. dawa.)
mapendeleo, favour, bias, self-ingra- Mapwaji, n. plur. coast, foreshore,
tiation, from the side of recipient or part affected by tides. In Z. usually
giver. Mapendezi, things that please, pwani. (Cf. pwa, kipwa.)
engaging manners, amiability, affec- *Maradufu, a. double, extra thick,
tionateness. Mapetido, acts of love, of two thicknesses. (Ar. radaf, or
loving - kindness. Mapenzi, love, ? daaf.)
liking, inclination, desire, will, wish, *Marahaba, int. used as a common
purpose. E.g. afnata mapenzi ya rejoinder to the salute of an inferior,
moyo wako, he follows h.s own or on receipt of a present or favour,
caprices (whims, fancies, ideas, &c). —
thank you, very well. ( Ar. ' it is
Mapenzi hay ana macho, love is welcome, I am pleased.' Cf. ah-
blind. sante.
Mapepeta, n. plur. a preparation *Marakaraka, a. with patches,
of immature rice {pepeta za mpungd). stripes, spots, —
and so of colour,
(Cf. pepeta?) mottled, speckled, variegated, &c.
Mapinduzi, n. plur. turning things (Cf. raka, kiraka, and syn. ??iadoadoa.)
upside down, revolution, disorder. *Marasharasha, n. sprinklings,
(Cf. pinda,pindua.) showers, drizzle, of rain, sprinkled —
Mapishi, n.plur. things (materials, perfume, &c. (Ar. Cf. mrashi,
utensils, &c.) for cooking. {CLpika.) marashi.)
Mapiswa, n. unmeaning nonsense, *Marashi, n. scent, liquid perfume.
drivel, silliness. Marashi mawaridi, rose water.
Mapokeo, n. plur. things received, (Ar. Cf. prec. and tibu, mamtha/o.)
traditions. See Pokea. *Marathi, n. sickness, disease, — in
Maponea, n. plur. means of sub- general. (Ar. Cf. syn. uwele, and
sistence, livelihood, food. (Cf. pona, B. tigonjwa. For particular dis-
and follg. Also syn. riziki, nafmi, eases, cf. homa, ndui, safura,
vifaa.) shurtiwa, titiwanga, ztkoma, baridi
Maponyea, n. plur. means of cur- yabis, sekeneko, kisonono, &c.)
ing (rescuing, &c). Matikiti na *Marathi,a. also Murathi, Mata-
matango ndio maponyea njaa, water rithi, well-content, acquiescent,
melons and cucumbers are what save agreeable, willing. (Ar. Cf. ra-
from starvation, i.e. as the last re- thi, rithika, tirathi.)
source in drought. (Cf. pona, *Mardudi, n. repudiation, rejec-
ponya.) tion. (Arab.)
Maponyo, n. plur. (1) healing *Maregeo, n. and Marejeo, com-
things, drugs, medicines, means of ing back, return, and fig. reference,
saving, (2) getting well, a cure, recurrence. (Ar. Cf. rejea.)
rescue, preservation. (Cf. pona, Marehemu, n. and one who has
a.,
mapoza.) —
found mercy, used as a euphemistic
Mapooza, n. plur. and Mapoza, term of reference to a deceased person,
things withered, undeveloped, not the late, the departed, the defunct.
matured, useless, e.g. of fruit dropped (Ar. Cf. rehema.)
 — ) —
MAEEJEO 210 MASARIFU
*Marejeo, n. See Maregeo, and M. hii, at once, on the spot. Marra
Rejea. (At.) chako, marra changu, now yours, now
Marembo, n. plur. ornaments, —
mine, a riddle to which the answer
personal, architectural, &c. articles of is mali, wealth. (Ar. Cf. safari,
finery, carved work, bas-relief. (Cf. zamu, which are sometimes syn.)
urembo, remba, and syn. pambo, *Marudi, n. plur. also Marudio,
nakski, ckoro.) (1) a return, a recompense, a paying
*Marhamu, n. ointment, unguent, back ;(2) punishment, discipline,
plaster, — scented, medicated, &c. correction. (Ar. Cf. rejea, and
(Ar. Cf. lehemu, lihamu, and syn. malipo, athabu, zuio.)
mafuta, bandiko.) *Marufaa, n. plur. part of a native
—
*Marigeli, n. a large metal caldron, loom, small boards between which
— chiefly for cooking rice in great the warp is stretched. See Kitanda
quantities. (Ar. Cf. chombo, cha mfumi.
chungu, sufuria, &c, for vessels of *Marufukti, a. forbidden, pro-
different kinds.) hibited. Piga m. (or rufakd), give
—
*Marijani, n. coral, but in Z. public notice of prohibition, proclaim
not of the stone, or coral rock (cf. as forbidden, forbid officially. ( Ar.

tumbawi), but of the red coral im- Cf. mfaka, and syn. kataza.)
ported and used as ornament. Called Marugurugu, n. and a., small
also marijatii ya fethaluka. swellings, lumps, e.g. mtu akijikuna,
Marika, n. plur. of rika, con- hufanya m. ya ?muiii, if a man
temporaries, of same age, i. e. umri scratches himself (as when stung), he
sawa. (Cf. hirimu and rika. There raises swellings on his body.
is a town called Marika, or Marka, Masaa, n. See Masalio, Masazo.
on the Somali coast, north of Z.) *Masafi, n. purity, cleanness, cor-
*Marikebu, n. ship. See Meri- rectness. (Ar. Cf. safi, usafi,
kebu. (Ar. Cf. rekebu, and syn. which is seldom used, utakatifu,
jahazi, and B. chombo.) tifasaha, tohara.')
Marindi, n. See Malindi. *Masahaba, n. plur. the
special
*Marini, a. pleasingin appearance, friends and of Ma-
companions
bright, smart, blooming. Vijana hommed. (Ar. Cf. sakibu.)
marini, fine young people. (Cf. *Masaibu, n. accident, calamity.
syn. -zuri.) (Ar. Cf. msiba, from same root.
*Marisaa, n. also Malisaa, shot, Masalio, n. plur. also Masalia,
— i. e. for firearms. (Cf. risasi, Masaa, remains, remnant, what is
kiasi.) left over. (Cf. salia, sazo, baki.)
*Marithawa, a. in abundance, *Masalkh,eri, the common Arabic
plenty, sufficient. (Ar. ' to one's evening salutation, good evening,
heart's content, as much as one would as stibulkheri for the morning. (Ar.
wish.' Cf. rithi, rathi, and syn. masaa, evening, and heri.)
-ingi, te/e.) Masango, n. wire, esp. thick brass
*Marra, and adv. (i) a time,
n. wire, — one of the commonest articles
a single time, a turn, an occasion, an of exchange and barter in East Africa.
occurrence; (2) at once, immediately. Called also seng'enge, masoka, and a
M. moja, (1) once, (2) at once, im- fine kind tidodi. Different kinds of
mediately. M. mbili, twice. M. ya material are distinguished as m. ya
kwanza, the first time. M. nyingi, chuma, ya shaba nyeitpe, ya shaba
often, repeatedly. Marra kwa marra, nyekundu, ya fetha, i. e. iron, brass,
time after time, often. Marra marra, copper, silver wire.
at intervals, at times, occasionally. *Masarifu, n. also Masurufu,
 —
MASHAIRI 211 MASOMBO
Masruf, supplies for an expedition *Masifu, n. plur. praises, con-
or journey, provisions, outfit, goods gratulations. (For more usual si/a,
and money. (Ar. expenses, out- cf. si/u, v.)
lay. Cf. sarifn, gAarama.) *-masihiya, a. Christian. (Cf.
*Mashairi, n. plur. oishairi, verses, Ar. masika, Christ, and masiya.)
a poem, poetry. Tunga mashairi, Masika, n. the season of the
compose poetry. (Ar.) greater rains {majira ya mvna ny-
*Mashaka, n. plur. of shaka, ingi) in Zanzibar, i.e. March, April,
doubts, trouble, difficulties, danger. and May, when the hot north mon-
(Ar.) soon gives way to the cooler south.
Mashapo, n. plur. dregs, lees, sedi- Corresponds to autumn in northern
ment, e.g. of squeezed fruits, grains, latitudes. (For seasons generally
herbs, &c. (Str.). (Cf. masira, see Mwaka.)
masalio.) *Masikani, n. dwelling place,
*Mash.ariki, n. the East, -a ma- abode. (Ar. Cf. makani, and
shariki, eastern, easterly, oriental. syn. B. kao.)
(Ar. Cf. magaribi, and syn. watlai, *Masikini, n. (i) a poor man,
matokea {macho, ?naao) yajua.) beggar, used descriptively, and also —
Mashendea, n. plur. rice cooked (2) in pity or contempt, a hapless,
as a kind of pudding, used for invalids, luckless, miserable individual. (3)
— not dry like wait, nor gruel like a freed slave, who has no protector,
uji. Mashindea ya mchele, rice- home or belongings, i. e. m. wa
pudding. Also w. ya mtama. Munngu, one who picks up a living
Mashindano, n. plur. contest, as he can. (Ar. Cf. /ukara,
race, competition, struggle, athletic mwombaji, mnyonge.)
sports. M. ya mbio, racing m. ya Masimango, n. plur. ill-natured
;

kumka, jumping competition m. ya remarks, reproaches, of a patroniz-

; —
kushikana mbavu, wrestling. (Cf. ing contemptuous kind. (Cf. si*
skinda, mshindani.) manga, and maskntinnu, masuto,
Mashtaka, n. plur. (seldom in matusi.)
sing, shtaka, cf. mshtakd), charges, Masingizio, n. plur. (1) slander,
accusations, reproaches. See Shtaki. calumny, false insinuation, misrepre-
Mashua, n. boat, boats, — built sentation. Hence (2) pretence, dis-
of boards, &c, not hollowed out guise, make-believe, belying facts.
in native fashion. M. ya moshi, [Qi.singizia, nenea, sengenya, a?nba.)
a steam launch. (Cf. s/iua, and Masiwa, n. large islands, used —
dau.) to describe the Comoro, or Sey-
*Mash.uuri, a. famous, renowned, chelles islands. (Cf. kisiwa, usi-
celebrated, well-known, notorious. wa.)
(Ar. Cf. syn. maarufu, -enyi si/a, *Masiya, n. {ma-), the Anointed
-bayani.) One, Christ. (Ar. masika.)
Mashuzi, n. plur. breaking wind, Masizi, n. plur. soot, grime, i.e.
without noise. (Cf. shuta, ushuzi, masizi ya moshi meusi yaliyoganda-
and Jamba.) mia chungu, the black smoky grime
*Masia, n. walking, a walk, gait. that forms on isPcooking pot. (Dist.
Enda masia, go out walking. (Arab., misizi, rootlets, and mazizi, cattle-
for usual tembea, mate?tibezi.) pens.)
*Masifiwa, n. plur. things praised, Masoka, n. thick iron or brass
recommended, advertised. (Verb, wire. (Cf. masango, and usoka.)
noun passive from sifu, cf. folTg. and Masombo, n. girdle, — consisting
similar noun mapendwa, Sec.) of a long piece of cloth wound round
p 2
 —

MASONGO 212 MATEKA

the waist, like (Ar.) mahazamu. Matafuni, n. plur. chewings, nib-
(Cf. ukumbuu, which is shorter, and blings, things chewed. (Cf. ta-
mshipi.) /una.)
Masongo, of
n. plur. plaits, — e. g. Matagataga, adv. enda m., walk
hair, tresses, wreaths of flowers, gar- with long striding steps, straddle
lands. (Cf. msokoto, and suka, songa.) along. (Cf. taga or tagaa.)
*Masri, n. and Misri, Egypt. Mataka, n. plur. wantings, desires,
Masua, n. plur. and Mazua, giddi- inclination. (Cf. taka, v., matakwa,
ness. (Cf. zulu, zulika, kizuli, and syn. ha/a, maelekeo. Dist. mata-
and syn. kizunguzungu.) ka taka.)
Masuguo, n. plur. rubbing, some- Matakata, n. plur. (1) cleansings,
thing to rub with, a whetstone, sweepings, scrapings, offscourings,
knife-board. (Cf. sugua, noa, ki- and so (2) refuse, rubbish. (Cf.
noo.) takata, taka, and follg.)
Masuko, n. plur. and commonly Matakataka, n. plur. dirt, filth,
Masukosuko, (i) shaking, wagging, refuse, rubbish. (Cf. taka, n., kita-
tossing, moving to and fro quickly, kaiaka, takata, kifusi.)
and so generally (2) agitation, dis- Matakatifu, n. plur. pure living,
turbance, a restless state of affairs. holy life, holiness
perh. holiness
(i. e.
Used of the rolling or pitching of not only considered as an attribute
a vessel at sea. (Cf. suka, and {utakatifu) but exemplified in acts.
mrat?ima.) See Ma-, 2 (d) (1). (Cf. -takata,
*Masuluh,u, n. reconciliation, -takatifu, utakatifu.)
peace after quarrelling. (Ar. Cf. Matakwa, n. plur. (1) things
suluhisha, selehisha.) wanted, needs, desires, requests (2) ;

Masumbuo, n. plur. acts of annoy- being wanted, being in request, e.g.

ance, annoying habits or character. matakwa yangu kuwa mtumishi killa
Kijana kidogo kina masumbuo, a mtu ayajna, every one knows how
small child is a nuisance. (Cf. I was wanted as a servant, how my
sumbua, -sumbufu) usztmbuo.) services were in request.
Masuto, n. plur. reproaches, accu- *Matana, n. used sometimes of a
sations, critical remarks, fault-finding, form of leprous disease. (Cf. ba-
sarcasms. (Cf. suta, and syn. lau- langa, uko??ia.)
mu, shuhimu, shtaka.) Matanga, n.plur. oftanga (which
Mata, n. plur. of uta, native see).
shooting weapon, bow and arrows. Matangamano, n. plur. a mixed
(Cf. tipindi, mshale.) crowd, medley, miscellaneous as-
*Mataajabu, n. plur. wonders, semblage, promiscuous collection.
marvels, surprises. Also of wonder, (Cf. tangamana, also syn. makutano,
as felt, e.g. ona m., feel aston- jamii.)
ishment, wonder. (Ar. Cf. aja- Matata, n. plur. tangle, complica-
bu, slaajabu, and syn. mzvujiza, tion, complex affair, troubles, diffi-
shani.) culties, &c. Tia m., complicate,
Matabwatabwa, n. plur. rice involve. (Cf. tatiza.)
cooked with a great deal of water, Mate, n. plur. of tcte (cf. uta,
rice gruel, called matabwatabwa ya mata), spitting, spittle, saliva. Mate-
wall, wall ulio mashendea membamba ?nate, light spitting rain, drizzle (cf.
sana, i.e. a thin porridge, uji mwe- manyunyo). Te?na tnate, spit, ex-
pesi, tiji wa majimaji, a very thin pectorate.
watery gruel. (Cf. wait, utabwa, Mateka, n. plur. (1) booty, prey,
uji.) plunder, and esp. (2) captive in war,
 MATEMBEZI 213 MAUTHIKO
slave, — used as sing, and plur. (Cf. Matindi, n. half-grown Indian
teka, v.) corn (mtihindi.).
Matembezi, n. plur. (i) a walk Matiti, n. enda m., trot, go at
taken for pleasure or business, a —
a trot, of an animal. (Cf. telki,
ramble, a tour, a round (2) also;
mbio, and dist. titi, kititi.)
idle strolling, street walking. Nali- *Matlaa, n. and Matlai, sunrise,
kwenda kule matembezi, I went there the east, east wind, morning wind.
for a walk. (Cf. tembea, masia.) (Ar. Cf. maskariki.)
*Mathabahu, n. and Mathbahu, Matongo, n. discharge from the
place of sacrifice, altar. (Ar. Cf. eyes. Mwenyi m. ya macho, a per-
mathabuha, t/iabi/iu.) son whose eyes run from weakness or
*Mathabuha, n. and Mathbuha, disease. (Cf. utongo, iongo, and
thing sacrificed, victim, offering. perh. chongo.)
(Cf. prec.) Matukano, n. plur. insulting
*Mathahabu, n. and Mathehebu, words, abuse, bad language, insults.
(1) customs, ideas, tenets, usages ; (2) (Qi.tukana, and syn. matusi, masuto.)
sect, denomination, party, persuasion. Matumbawe, n. plur. coral stone
M. ya maneno, uses of words, for- in the intermediate stage, between
mularies, idioms. M. ya mambo, actual formation and complete fos-
usages, ceremonies, rites. (Ar. Cf. silization, —
a white, light, compact
desturi, kawaida, kanuni. Dist. stone, used esp. on account of its
thahabti.) lightness in concrete roofs; and, being
*Mathali, conj. also M&thal, comparatively soft, it is also cut to
Metbali, Mithili, Mizli, as, like. form a projecting support for plaster
(Ar. See Metbali, and cf. kama.) string-courses.
*Mathubuti, n. and a., also Matumishi, n. plur. service, a ser-
Mathubutu, (1) evidence, proof, vant's work. (Cf. follg. and mtu-
confirmation, support (cf. ushahidi) ;
mishi.)
(2) trustworthy, honest, reliable, Matumizi, n. plur. (1) acts of
effective, decisive. E. g. makarani using, use, using, employment (2) ;

si m., the clerks are not to be things used, requisites, conveniences,

trusted. Hoja m., a strong, con- e. g. food, clothes, firing, &c. E. g.
clusive argument. (Ar. Cf. thu- kana m. nayo, he has no use for them.
butu, thabiti, and syn. imara.) Sina m. leo, I am quite destitute at
Matiko, n. hardening or tempering present. (Cf. tumia, and syn. riziki,
metal. Tia m., harden, temper. vi/aa.)
Fundi amelilia m. shoka langu, the Maumbile, n. plur. created state,
smith has tempered my axe. So original condition, natural constitu-
tilika (pata, ingia) matiko, of the — tion (Kr. ), —
but umbo is usual in Z.
metal. (? Cf. utiko.) (Cf. umba, kiumbe.)
*Matilaba, n. desire, wish, pur- Maungo, n. plur. of ungo (which
pose. Matilaba na mradi, desire see).
and intention. (Arab., not often Maunzi, a structure, frame,
n. plur.
in Z. Cf. tamaa, matamani, mata- framework, esp. one of wood and of
kwa, shauri, shauko.') shipbuilding, i.^e. the hull or framing
Matilo, n. and Mantilo, a rope of a vessel. (Cf. unda, mwunzi.)
from the after-part of the yard to the Mautbiko, n. plur. annoyances,
masthead, to give greater security in (feeling of) annoyance. Kwa uchu-
a high wind. ngu na m., from resentment and
Matimutimu, n. nyele za m., dis- irritation. (Cf. uthi, uthia, and
hevelled, disordered hair. syn. masumbuo.)
 MAUTI 214 MB-
*Mauti, n. death. Patiwa na ment. (Cf. zika, mzishi, maziski,
(kutiwa na, patikana na) mauti, die. kaburi.)
(Ar. Cf. maiti, and syn. B. ufu, Mazinga-ombwe, n. juggling
kifo.) tricks, conjuring, puzzles. (Cf.
Mavi, n. plur. (no sing.), (i) kiini-77iacho, mizungu, and follg.)
dung, excrement; (2) dross (of Mazingazinga, n. plur. going
metal), scoria, e. g. m. ya chuma, round, revolutions, rounds, e. g. of
iron-worker's refuse ; m. ya nyota, a patrol, police, &c. (Cf. zinga,
star droppings, —
used of bright, zunguka, mzinga. )
metallic, sparkling stone, mica, &c. Mazishi, n. plur. preparations for
(3) a coarse term of abuse and con- burying, attendance at a funeral,
tempt, like mawe, rot, humbug, non- things used at a burial (e. g. sanda,.
sense, trash. kiunza, pamba, ubani, &c). (Cf.
Mavunde, n. plur., and Mavunde- zika, maziko, mzishi?)
vunde, broken, scattered, ragged Maziwa, n. (1) as a collective
clouds, a cloudy overcast sky. (Cf. noun, milk of man or animal; (2)
vunja, and pass, termin. -e.) plur. of ziwa, i. e. (a) breasts, suck-
Mavune, n. plur. that which is ling organs; (b) pools, lakes. M.
harvested or reaped. Sometimes used mabivn, curdled milk. (Cf. m-
fig. of outcome, result, consequences, tindi, butter-milk.) M. ya watu
effect. (Cf. vuna, and pass, termin. wawili, dragon's blood (sap of a
-e, also follg.) tree).
Mavuno, n. plur. (1) time Mazoea, n. plur. habituation,
(place, process, results, &c.) of har- practice, familiarity, use, habit, cus-
vesting, reaping crops (2) fig.
;
tom. Sina m. ya kzisema naye, I
generally profit, gain, exploitation. am not used to talking with him.
M. ya nyuki, bee harvest, i.e. honey. Fanya m., settle down, become
(Cf. vuna, and prec, and for profit, sociable, get contented. (Cf.
faida, zic/iumi.) follg.)
Mavusho, n. plur. (like mavukizo), Mazoezo, n. plur. and Mazoezi,
fumes, exhalations, fumigation, &c. habits, customs, usages, practice,
(Cf. vukizo, vukiza.) wont. (Cf. zoea, -zoefu, and syn.
Mawe, n. plur. of jiwe (which destziri.)
see). Often used contemptuously of Mazu, n. local name for akind of
things common or worthless, rub- banana, — not in Z. (Cf. ndizi,
bish, nonsense, trash. mgomba.)
Mawele, n. plur. a very small Mazua, n. plur. and Masua, giddi-
species of grain, a kind of millet ness, confusion. (Cf. zulu, zu-
{Penicillaria spicata, Sac). lika.)
*Mayiti, n. See Maiti. Mazuka, n. plur. apparitions,
Mayugwa, n. plur. leaves of the ghosts, spirits. (Cf. zuka, kizuka,
plant jimbi, a green vegetable like and syn. kivuli, pepo.)
spinach when cooked. Mazungumzo, n. plur. social
Mazao, n. plur. natural produce, intercourse, conversation, amusement.
products, offspring, fruit. (Cf. zaa, (Cf. zungumza, and syn. maongezi,
zao.) mchezo.)
*Maziada, Mazidi, Mazidio, Mb-, a common plural prefix of
Mazidisho. See Ziada, &c. (Ar. nouns beginning with tt, w, tiw, ub
Cf. zidi.) in Singular, usually representing a eu-
Maziko, n. plur. process (time, phonic change from original n sound.
place, &c.) of burial, funeral, inter- Words not found under Mb may
 MBA 215 MBARIKA
therefore be looked for under U, Uw, With verbs, ulia mbali, kill outright.
W, Ub. Potetea mbali, perish utterly, —
a com-
Mba, a kind of skin disease,
n. mon imprecation, go and be hanged.'
'

causing irritation and subsequently Tupia ?nbali, throw quite away.

scaling. (Cf. choa, dasi, rupia, With ya or na, mbali is used as
uwati.) a prep., far from, distant from, in —
Mbaanrwezi, n. See Mbala- time, space, or quality. (Cf.
mwezi. tibali, of which mbali is a plur. form,
Mbaazi, n. {mi-), (i) a shrub as mbele of ubele. Opp. karibn,
bearing a yellow laburnum-like blos- kando.)
som, and pods containing an edible *Mbalungi, n. (mi-), a citron tree,
pea or bean; (2) the beans of this its fruit being balungi. ;For other
shrub, —
? Angola pea (Cajamis In- varieties of orange see Mchungwa.)
dicus, Sac). Tundu la ?nibaazi, a Mbamba, n. (mi-), (1) thin, flat
cage made of twigs of the mbaazi. piece (of stone, metal, or other ma-
*Mbaharia, n. (wa-), commonly terial), plate, layer, sheet, strip, chip,
Baharia (ma-), a sailor. (Cf. &c. Albamba wa jiwe, jiwe la
bahari, and syn. mwana maji.) mbamba, a flat stone. Also (2) a
*Mbahili, n. (wa-), a miser. plant, a kind of Euphorbia. (Cf.
(Ar. Cf. bahili, ubahili, mkabithi.) bamba, bambo, -embamba.)
Mbalamwezi, n. also Mbaa- Mbandiko, n. (mi-), a sticking
mwezi, Balamwezi, moonshine, on, application (e. g. of a plaster,
bright moonlight. (Mbala- is perh. &c.) (Cf. bandika.)
a plur. form connected with waa, Mbanduko, n. (mi-), a taking off,
v., shine, i.e. u(w)a'J)a, ua(l)a-, removing (e. g. of a plaster, covering,
mba(l)a-, combined with mwezi, clothes), a stripping off. (Cf.
moon.) bandua.)
Mbalanga, n. also Balanga, a Mbangi, n. (mi-), the Indian hemp
form of leprosy. (Cf. ukoma, ba- plant, from which the intoxicant
lasi.) bangi is made. (Cf. afiuni, ma-
*Mbalehe, (wa-) and a., boy or
n. juni, bangi.)
girl growing up, developed, marriage- Mbango, n. a kind of wild pig
able. (Ar. Cf. balehe, and syn. with projecting tusks. Hence of a
mzima, mpevu.) person with projecting teeth. (Sel-
Mbali, adv. (1) far, far off, dis- dom in Z. Cf. ngiri, ngtiruwe)
tant (in place or time), long ago, Mbano, n. an instrument for
long after; (2) distinct,separate, grasping and holding, forceps, pin-
different, contrary, opposite ; (3) cers, a hand-vice, stick partly split.
with the Ap. form of verb, '
alto- (Cf. bano, bana, banzi, kibano.)
gether, completely, quite.' E.g. *Mbaraka, n. (mi-), also Baraka,
walio mbali kwa mbali huonana kwa a blessing, in Z. more usual form —
nyaraka, people who are far apart than baraka. Shauri ni m., taking
meet by means of letters. Weka counsel brings a blessing. (Ar.
m., put aside (apart). Safari ya Cf. bariki.)
mbali, a long journey. Hakuja m. Mbarango,* n. (mi'), also Ba-
sana, it is not very long since he rango, stout club, cudgel. Dim.
came. Sometimes Rd. rangi kibarango. (Cf. bakora,Jimbo.)
mbali mbali, (of) different colours, Mbarika, n. (mi-), the castor-oil
many-coloured, variegated. —
Mambo plant, elsewhere on the coast called
haya mbali mbali kabisa, these mbono. Mafuta ya mbarika, castor-
things are diametrically opposed. oil.
 —
MBARUTI 216 MBELE
Mbaruti, n. {mi-), a thistle-like *Mbeja, n. {wa-), a person who is
weed. neat, smart, well dressed, careful of
*Mbashiri, n. {wa-), one who personal appearance. Mbeja wa
brings news, one who foretells, a kano, a fine muscular man, athlete.
prophet. (Ar. Cf. bashiri.) (? Ax*bahaj. Cf. umbuji.)
Mbasua, n. or Mbazua, giddiness, Mbeko, n. perh. the same as
craziness. (Cf. ?nazua, kizua, zulika.) mbeleko (which see).
Mbata, n. a cocoanut in the final Mbele, adv. and n. (1) of place,
state of ripeness and dryness, when before, in front, on the near side,
the nutty part inside gets loose from on the far side, forward, beyond; (2)
the shell. Commonly used for copra. of time, —
long ago, previously, in the
(Cf. nazi, mnazi.) past, in the future, hereafter ; (3)
Mbati, n. (perh. plur. from a sing. fig. in the front, in a prominent
uwati), the poles laid along the top place (as to rank, quality, value,
•

of a wall, or of side posts, supporting &c). Mbele is often used with ya

the rafters on which the roof rests. or za (never nd) in the above senses,
Mbatili, n. (wa-), prodigal, spend- and also (4) in the presence (of), in
thrift, gambler. (Cf. batili, and view of, and so, as compared with.
bathiri, and syn. mharibifu, or mpo- E. g. as a noun, ' something before,'
tevu, wa mali.) huna mbele huna nyuma, you have
Mbau, n. {mi-), (i) a plank, a nothing before or behind you, no
board. Also (2) plur. of ubau, a plank, prospects or resources, you are utter-
i. e. timber generally, sawn wood. ly destitute. Neno hili ntakuelezea
Mbavuni, adv. by the side (of), mbele, I will explain this matter to
alongside, on the sides (skirts, flanks). you presently. Tuendelee i?ibele, let
Mbavuni mwa mlima, on the flanks us go forward. Alikuja mbele, he
of the mountains. Alimganda mba- arrived previously. Hawi mumewe
—
vuni, he stuck to his side, kept mbele ya sheria, he is not her hus-
close to him. (Plur. of ubavu, band in the eye of the law. Dunia
with locative suffix -ni. Cf. kando, si kitu mbele yajua, the world (earth)
upande.) is nothing compared with the sun.

Mbawa, n. plur. of ubawa (which Akiba ya mbeleni, a provision for the

see). future. {Mbele is a plur. form from
*Mbayani, n. (wa-), a well-known, ubele, or wele. Henceits prepositional
notorious person. (Ar. Also use with za, as well 2&ya. The seem-
baini, which see.) ing vagueness of mbele, as meaning
*Mbazazi, n. {wa-), trader, dealer, ' on the near side ' and ' on the further
'
pedlar. (Ar. trader in calico, side,' and also ' before ' and after '

draper. Cf. ubazazi, and syn. tajiri, in time, is generally removed by the
mc/iuruzi.) context suggesting the point of view.
Mbega, n. a monkey with long If the idea of movement onward, pro-
black silky hair, white on the shoul- gression, is suggested by the circum-
ders. (Cf. kima.) stances or only present in the mind,
Mbegu, n. (1) seed, germ, that from then mbele is usually ' on the further
which a plant grows ; (2) breed, side, further on, after,' e.g. mbele ya
race, stock. A wider term than mlima, beyond the mountain, mbele
chembe, punje (a single grain, a sepa- ya siku kuu, after the festival.
rate small thing), and including what Otherwise mbele may equally well
is planted and set to grow, i. e. mean '
in front of, before.' Alisi-
bulbs, roots, seedlings, cuttings, &c. mama mbele ya mlima, he stopped
Fig. of the germ of a disease. on this side of the mountain, in front
 — —
MBELEKO 217 MBOGA
of it. Hufunga mbele ya siku kuu, quickly. Rd. mbio-mbio, at full
there is a general fast before the speed. (Cf. kimbia, and syn. upesi,
feast. Cf. kabla, nyuma, baada.) hima.)
Mbeleko, n. also Mbeko and Mbirambi, used only in the semi-
Ubeleko, a piece of calico used by Arab, expression of condolence to a
women for carrying a child on the mourner, or bereaved person, or after
back while at work or walking. Such any great personal loss, viz. mbirambi
a cloth is a usual wedding present, zako. Also in the form bi rabbi zako,
made to the bride's mother. Ondoa e.g. hunena bi rabbi zako. Hujibu,
(vunjd) mbeko put to shame.,
(Cf. zimepita, the usual words are thy '

eleka.) (sorrows) be with the Lord,' and the

Mbembe, n. {wa-), a coaxing, in- usual reply, they are over.' *
(For
sinuating, flattering person, a coquette, rambi and rabbi cf. fatndi and buddi.)
a flirt. Also, a procurer. (Cf. Mbisho,n.(#zz'-), (1) act of striking,
bembeleza, ubembe, bembe, and follg.) knocking against (2 ) opposition, con- ;

Mbembezi, n. {wa-), similar to tradiction ; (3) in navigation, beat- —

Mbembe. (Cf. ubembezi.) ing to windward, tacking. Mbisho wa
Mbibo, n. {mi-), the cashew-nut pepo, the winds being contrary. (Cf.
tree (also known as mkanju), bearing bisha, bisho, ubishi.)
the cashew apple {bibo) with the Mbisi, n. also bisi (which see),
attached nut {korosho) (Cf. dunge, parched Indian corn.
. (Dist. mbizi,
kanju.) diving.)
Mbigili, n. {mi-), a thorny brier- Mbiu, n. a buffalo's horn,
(1)
like shrub. sometimes beaten as a musical instru-
Mbili, a. two, the form of -wilt ment; (2) also blown to call public
agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6 (P). (Cf. attention, and so meaning a proclama-
pili, -wili.) tion. Piga m., give public notice,
Mbilikimo, n. {wa-), a name by announce. llipokwisha m., when
which the pigmy races of the central the proclamation had been made.
African forest region are known on —
(For horn cf. pembe, for proclama-
the coast, a dwarf. tion hubiri, tangaza habari.)
Mbilingani,n. and Mbilinganya, Mbizi, n. a dive, diving. Piga
a plant producing the edible veget- {enda) m., dive. Hodari sana kwe-
able bilingani (of the tomato class), nda m., a first-rate diver. {Mbizi
sometimes called the mad-apple or is used mainly of the plunge itself.
egg-plant. Professional diving is described by
Mbingu, n. plur. of uwingu, the zama, which see.)
skies, the heavens, heaven. Mboga, n. (1) {mi-), the plant
Mbinja, n. plur. of uwinja, whist- which produces the boga, pumpkin.
ling. Pigam., give a whistle. End- E.g. ukaota mboga, ukazaa maboga
eleza m., make a long whistle. mengi, and the plant grew and pro-
(Cf. ubinja, ubinda, and ? ivinda, duced a number of pumpkins. (2)
i. e. of hunting-calls, imitation of when treated as D 6, is a general
birds, &c. Also miunzi, msonyo.) term for garden produce, edible vege-
—
Mbinu, n. ( ), roundness, plump- tables of all 4:inds, —
including the
ness, protuberance, a curve. M. ya above. Mboga ya pzvani, an edible
mkono, a plump, well-shaped arm. plant growing like a weed in creeks
(Cf. benuka.) near Z. city, Sesuvium porttdaca-
Mbio, n. and adv., act of running, strum (Sac), purslane. (Various
running, with speed, fast. Piga m., other vegetables are dodoki, nyanya,
run, — like kimbia. Enda m., go mumunye, figili, bilinganya, jimbi,
 a

MBOLEO 218 MCHAKACHO

kiazi, tango,uwatu, mchicha, yugwa, hauling, dragging ; (2) track or marks
and several described as majani.) made by pulling something along.
Mboleo, n. manure, dung. (Cf. (Cf. burura, and mkokoto.)
syn. samadi.) Mbuyu, n.(wz-),the baobaborcal-
Mbomosni, n. (wa-), one who —
abash tree, often of enormous girth
throws down (demolishes, destroys, in proportion to the height, producing
ruins, &c), a destroyer, a revolu- a large nut ibuyu), the hard shell of
tionist. (Cf. bomoa, bomosha.) which is used for drawing water, and
Mbona, adv. interrog., why? what the kernel (ubuyu, a dry biscuit-like
for ? for what reason ? (Cf. syn. substance with an acid taste) for
kwa nini, kwa sababu gani.) flavouring food. Siogopi unene wa
Mboni, n. mboni ya jicho, the mbuyu, I am not afraid of a baobab's
seeing part of the eye, i.e. the apple size, i.e. appearance of strength with-
or pupil of the eye, also described as out reality, the wood being soft and
mwana wa mboni. (Cf. ona.) unworkable.
Mbono, n. {mi-), (i) the castor-oil
—
known usually in Z. as mba-
Mbuzi, n. ( — ), and Mabuzi, of
plant, size,(1) a goat; (2) an instrument
rika, also (2) plur. of ttbono, the seed for grating cocoanut, i.e. mbuzi y
of this plant. kukunia nazi, — a piece of iron with
Mboo, n. (mi-), penis. (Syn. serrated edge fixed in a board. (Cf.
Arab, jiraka.) kibuzi. Next to fowls, goats are the
Mbu, n. also imbu in Z. (rather usual and often the only feasible in-
than umbu), mosquito. vestment for a native. The next is a
Mbuai, a. savage, wild, cow, or slave.)
invar,
rapacious. Nyama mbtiai, beasts of Mbwa, n. ( ), a dog, an un-— —
prey. (Cf. ua, mwuaji. Perh.for clean animal to Mahommedans. M.
mbnaji. Cf. syn. -kali, -a mwitu.) wa mwitu, a jackal, or wild dog.
Mbugu., n. (mi-), a creeper, creep- M. koko, a bush-dog, the common
ing plant. (Cf. tibugu, bugn, and pariah or half-wild dog of Zanzibar,
mbungo.) of a reddish fox-like kind, living in
Mbukulia, n. (wa-), one who gets the plantations near the town in a
hold of and tells secrets, a gossip, semi-domesticated state and invading
scandal-monger, tell-tale. (Cf. bu- it in troops at night. (Cf. jibwa.)
kua, and syn. mdaku, mdakizi.) Mbwai. See Mbuai.
Mbungo, n. (mi-), a creeping plant, —
Mbwe, n. ( ), small stone, pebble,
—
bearing an edible fruit resembling a shingle, larger than changarawe.
medlar (bzmgo), and producing india- (Ci.jiwe, kijiwe, kibwe.)
rubber, —
a kind of Landolphia. (Cf. Mbweha, n. ( ), a fox, jackal. —
mtoria, and mbugu.) Mbweu, n. ( ), also Mbweo,
Mbuni, n. (1) (wa-), an ostrich; belching, eructation. Piga (enda)
—
(2) (wa-), verbal noun of buni, i. e. mbweu, belch. (Cf. syn. Ar.
an inventor, author, originator, deviser, riyahi.)
e.g. mbuni kitabu (or, wa kitabu), Mchafuko, n. (mi-), disorder,
the author of a book; (3) (mi-), a disturbance, chaos, confusion, mess.
coffee plant, the berries being buni, or M. wa watu, riot, tumult. (Cf.
buni za kahawa, whence the beverage chafua, and syn. ghasia.)
coffee (kahawa). Mchago, n. (mi-), the end of a
Mburugo, (mi-), and Mvurugo, bedstead, where the head rests.
n. (Cf.
a stirring up, a mixing, a muddling, kitanda.)
disorder, mess. (Cf. buruga.) Mchakacho, n. (1) a crushing, a
Mbururo, n. (mi-), (1) a pulling, pounding, and so (2) a crackling,
 ;

MCHAKTJKO 219 MCHELE

rustling sound, e.g. of feet on dry n. {mi-), mixture, promiscuous ming-
grass and leaves. (Cf. chakacha, ling, adulteration. (The two forms
and peril, mtakaso.) only differ in voice, Act. and Nt.
Mchakuro, a scratching;
n. (i) 'a mixing, a being mixed,' both being
(2) the sound of scratching. (Cf. covered by mixture.'
'
Cf. chang-
chakura.) anya.)
Mchana, n. (no plur.), day as op- Mchango, n. {mi-), (1) collecting,
posed to night {usiku), daytime, day- getting together, joining in an under-
light. Mchana and usiku together taking, contribution, e. g. m. wa
make one day, or period of twenty- asikari, mustering soldiers ; m. wa
four hours. The mchana or period mali, raising funds from different
of daylight at Zanzibar varies little sources. (2) Intestinal worms, m.wa
more than an hour in the course of tu?7ibo. (Cf. cha?iga, chango, u-
the year, —
so little that sunset, when- chango.)
ever it occurs, is taken as 6 p.m., Mchanjo, n. {mi-), a cutting, a
the point from which the next twenty- lopping, &c. (Cf. chanja, chanj'o.)
four hours are to be reckoned. An Mchanyato, n. a native dish,
evening salutation is Za mchana ? — bananas, cassava, &c, sliced up
i.e. Habari za mchana ? have How and boiled with fish. (Cf. cha-
—
you been to-day ? with the invari- nyata.)
able response, njema, quite well. Also Mchawi, n. {wa-), a wizard, a
used in Z. as a kind of challenge witch, one of either sex who practises
word, e. g. Mchana usiku ? Are you the black arts, a sorcerer, a magician.
friend or foe? day or night).
(lit. Contr. mganga, whose art is in
Mchana kuchwa, the whole day long, the main under the control of, and
like usiku kucha, the whole night allowed by, the community. E. g.
long. Mchana is also used in a more huyu mganga,
ni kisha ni
limited sense, midday, noon, also mchawi, wala hawezekani, he's a
mchana mkuu, i. e. the height of day medicine-man, and what's more, a
(and commonly athuuri, and jua wizard, and we cannot put up with
kichwani). Mchana mdogo, the him. (Perh. conn with cha, v.,
period before and after the midday fear, as a passive form, a dreaded one.'
'

hours. Chakula cha mchana, the mid- For syn. cf. mwanga, mwangaji,
day meal, lunch, tiffin. The com- mlozi, i. mlogaji.)
e.

monest divisions of daytime are al- Mche, n. {mi-), seedling, slip,

fajiri, when the first signs of it ap- shoot, cutting, young plant. E. g.
pear ; kucha, dawn ; asstibuhi, fore- Mche huu ni mti gani? What tree is
noon (including mafungulia njombe, this a cutting of? (Dist. mchi,
between 8 a.m. and 9 a.m.) athuuri, ; mchu.)
noon alasiri, afternoon, about 3 p.m.
; Mchekeshaji, n. {wa-), an amus-
jioni, evening, till dark. (Perhaps ing droll person, a wag, a clown, a
conn, with cha, v. and kucha, kuchwa. merry smiling person. (Cf. cheka,
Cf. saa, siku, usiku.) and follg.)
Mchanga, n. (no plur.), sand. M. Mchekeshi, n. {wa-), and Mche-
mnene, coarse sand. M. mwemba- shi, like mch&eshaji.
mba, fine sand. M. mtifu, loose, dry, Mcheko, n. {mi-), act (manner, cir-
dust-like sand. Chembe ya mchanga, cumstances) of laughing, &c. (Cf.
a grain of sand, and perh. uchanga. cheka, and prec.)
(? Cf. -changa, a., i. e. in a small un- Mchele, n. {mi-), rice, collec- —
developed stage, or follg.) tively, the grain as gathered andcleaned
Mchanganyiko, Mchanganyo, of the husk. Plural seldom heard, e. g.
 )

MCHEETGO 220 MCHU

wakala michele pia, they ate up all pail. Also, the eaves of a house,
the rice. Mchele has also a wider from which rain drips or trickles.
sense, i. cleaned grain in general,
e. '
' (Cf. churuzika.)
hence mchele wa mtama, millet grain, Mchiro, n. {wa-), but better
and mchele wa mpung a defining it as ng'chiro, a mungoos.
' rice-grain.'
Different sorts of rice Mchocheo, Mchocho, n. {mi-),
are known as sena, bungala, shi- a poking up, a rousing, stimulation,
ndano, garafuu, kapwai, kifungo, ma- — from chocha (which see).
devu, mwanga, sifara, uchukwi. Mch.oeh.oro, n. {mi-), a narrow
(Dist. mpttnga, the rice-plant, grow- alley, or passage between houses.
ing rice, and the various kinds of (Cf. kichochoro.)
cooked rice, wait, uji, tibwabwa.) Mchokichoki, n. {mi-), and
Mchengo, n. {mi-), a cutting, esp. Mchokochoko, a tree bearing the
of wood, trees, bushes, stalks, &c. fruit ckokichoki(which see) {Nep he-
(Cf. chetiga, chanja, and kata.) lium Litschi, Sac).
Mchenza, a tree bearing
n. {mi-), Mchomo, n. act or process of
a large mandarin orange {chenzd). burning, &c. See Choraa, Chomo.
(For other kinds cf. mchungwa.) Also irritation, smart, pricking, stab-
Mcheshi, n. {wa-), a merry, bing, &c, —
and of cooking. (Cf.
laughing, genial, amusing person. mhaango, mtokoso, mwoko, &c.)
(Cf. cheka, mchekeshi.) Mchonge, a. mchonge wa jicho,
Mchezi, n. {wa-), one who plays, a one-eyed person, i. e. mwenyi
a gay sportive person, a player, an chongo. (Cf. follg.)
actor. (Cf. cheza, and follg.) Mchongo, a cutting, act
n. {mi-),
Mchezo, n. {mi-), game, pastime, of cutting, making a cut, with axe, —
amusement, sport. (Cf. cheza, knife, &c. Mchongo wa kalamu, cut-
and prec, and syn. maongezi, ma- ting a pen. (Cf. chonga, chonge,
zungumzo. For games cf. tinge, bao, chongo.
sataranji, karata, tiabtc, dama, ki- Mchongoma, n. {mi-), a thorny
shada.) shrub, with white flowers, and a small
Mchi, n. {mi-), a pestle, a pole of black edible fruit (Str.). Used for
hard wood used for pounding grain fences. Also ? a kind of Euphorbia.
.&c. in a wooden mortar {kinu). Mchoro, n. {mi-), carving, en-
Mchicha, n. {mi-), a common graving, making a scratch or scrawl.
plant with edible leaves, used as a (Cf. chora, and follg.)
vegetable, like spinach. (Dist. Mchorochoro, n. {wa-) a scrawler, ,

chicha.) scribbler, bad writer. (Cf. chora,

Mchikiehi, n. {mi-), the palm-oil and prec.)
tree, bearing the fruit chikichi. (For Mchoroko, n. {mi-), the plant
other palms see mnazi.) which produces the edible bean
Mchinjaji, n. {wa-), a butcher, choroko (which see).
a slaughterer. (Cf. chinja, and Mchoto, n. {mi-), a small bit, a
follg.) scrap, a sample, a taste, e. g. of a
Mchinjo, n. {mi-), act (place, delicacy or sweetmeat, sent as a
manner, &c.) of slaying, slaughter, present. (Cf. chota, choto.)
butchery, massacre. (Cf. chinja.) Mchovyo, n. {mi-), a dipping,
Mchirizi, n. {mi-), anything for plunging in a liquid, and so used of —
collecting or draining away water, a tempering metals, process of plating
gutter, a channel, a stick or leaflet or coating with a substance or colour.
or blade of grass for leading rain- (Cf. chovya.)
water from the trunk of a tree ,to a Mchu, n. {mi-), a kind of man-
 ,

MCHUKTJZI 221 MDOSHI

grove, with tough whitish wood. Mdago, n. (mi-), a kind of weed.
(Dist. mche, mchi.) *Mdai, n. (wa-), a claimant, plain-
Mchukuzi, n. (wa-), a bearer, tiff, prosecutor, creditor. ( Ar. Cf.
•
carrier, porter. (Cf. chukua, and dai, dawa, mdawa, and mwii.)
mpagazi, Aama/i.) Mdakizi, n. (wa-), similar to
Mchumba, (wa-), one who
n. Mdaku, and Mdukizi (which see),
seeks or is sought in marriage, suitor, eavesdropper, gossip-monger, &c.
lover, sweetheart, fiancee. (Cf. Mdaku, n. (wa-), one who catches
chumba, kinyumba.) up news, slanderer, tale-bearer, &c.
Mchunga, n. (wa-), one who has (Cf. prec. and daka.)
the care of animals, shepherd, herds- Mdalasini, n. (mi-), a cinnamon
—
man, groom, &c, with or without tree, also the bark.
a preposition. M. (wa) ng'ombe, a Mdanzi,n. (mi-), the tree bearing
cowherd. Mbuzi wasio m., goats the danzi, or bitter orange. (For
without a goatherd. Also m. wa other kinds cf. ?nchungwa.)
gari, coachman, driver. (Cf. chunga, *Mdarabi, n. (mi-), also Mtarabe,
lis ha.) the rose- apple tree, bearing the fruit
Mchungaji, n. same as Mchunga darabi.
—
(which see), the ji suffix denoting *Mdawa,n. (i) (wa-), claimant, ac-
a professional or habitual occupation, cuser, prosecutor, opponent, assailant.
shepherd, &c. Sometimes (2) (mi-), a claim, suit,
Mchungwa, n. (mi-), an orange legal proceedings. ( Ar. Like mdai,

tree, bearing a sweet orange (chtingwa) cf. dai, dawa, and mshtaki, mtesi.)
of the common kind, plentiful during *Mdeki, n. (mi-), a ramrod. Shind-
nine months of the year in Z. (Cf. ilia bundnki kwa 7?ideki, to load a
chungwa, and for other varieties gun with a ramrod. (Ar.)
mchenza, mlimau, mbalungi, mndi- *Mdengu, n. (*ni-), a plant pro-
mu, mkangaja, mdanzi, mfurnngu.) ducing the small edible bean or pea,
Mchuruzi, n. (wa-), small trader, dengn (which see).
shopman, retail-dealer, pedlar, stall- *Mdeni, n. (wa-), a debtor, a
keeper. (Cf. churuza, and syn. person in debt. (Ar. Cf. deni,
mbazazi, mfanyi biashara, mwenyi and mwii, wia, wiwa.)
duka.) *Mdila, n. (mi-), a coffee-pot.
Mchuzi, n. (mi-), any kind of (Ar. Cf. bidi, teapot.)
gravy, soup, sauce, broth, esp. as — Mdimu, n. (i?ii-). See Mndimu,
used to flavour a dish of rice or other the tree which bears the lime fruit
cooked grain. Prov. ?nchuzi ni maji, ndimu.
—
gravy means water, of something Mdiria, n. (wa-), a kingfisher.
indispensable. (Cf. ckuza, and Mdodoki,n. (mi-), the climbing
kitowe o, kiungo.) plant producing the edible vegetable
—
Mchwa, n. ( ), white ants, of — dodoki, a kind of lufah.
a small but destructive kind in Z. Mdomo, n. (mi-), with variants
(For other varieties cf. chungu, siafu, m/omo, muomo, mwomo, (1) a lip;
maji ya moto, sisimisi, kttmbi.) (2) beak, bill (of a bird) (3) fig.
;

Mda, n. (mi-), also Muda (which anything lip-like, i.e. a similar organ,
see), a space of time, period. a projection, overhanging part. M.
Mdaa, n. (mi-), a plant used for wapande, a hare-lip. Piga m., pout, —
producing a black dye. also, make a long speech, be garru-
*Mdadisi, n. (wa-), one who ques- lous, —
but usually domo in this
tions, an inquisitive, curious, prying sense. (Cf. domo, and omo.)
person. (Ar. Cf. dadisi.) Mdoshi, n. (mi-), a kind of pedal
 —
MDUAKA 222 MENO
or treadle, working the part of a e-, or -0 following, e. g. makasha
native loom which raises the threads mengine mengi, ma-ingine ma-
for ,

of the warp alternately. (Cf. mfu- ingi, many other boxes mavazi me- ;

mi,fuma, kitanda^) roro, for ma-ororo, soft clothes.

*Mduara, n. (mi-), and Duara, See A, E, I.
a circular thing, circle, round heap, Mea, v. '
grow ' as a vegetable or
wheel, — like duara (which see). plant, — of plant life, but also of parts
(Ar. Cf. mviringo, gurudumu.) of the animal organization, which
*Mdudu, n. (wa-), the most general resemble plants in growth, i.e. hair,
word for insect,' including ants, flies,
' teeth, nails, &c. Also in a quasi-
fleas, grubs, worms, and all small active sense, e. g. buu likamea mbawa,
creeping and flying creatures. Also the grub grew wings. A p. melea,
used of various diseases caused by, or grow in (on, by, &c), grow as a
attributed by the natives to, parasites parasite of, and also in a quasi-passive
and other insects in the body. (Ar. sense, be grown over, be overgrown,
Cf. dudti, kidudu, and dist. dude.) e.g. shamba langu linamelea, my
Mdukizi, n. {wa-), eavesdropper, plantation is overgrown (with weeds,
gossip-monger, slanderer. (Perh. &c). Cs. meza, cause to grow,
the same as mdakizi, cf. daka, mdaku, e. g. Mtiungu amenimeza meno, God
dakiza, dukiza.) has caused my teeth to grow. (Dist.
Mdukuo, n. a tap, push,
(mi-), meza, swallow.) (Cf. vwiea, umea,
poke,thrust, —
given with stick, finger, mmelea, kimelea, and syn. ota, kua.)
or open hand, e. g. mtie mdukuo Mega, v. break
take a bit,off a piece,
wa jicho, poke him in the eye. So esp. with fingers or teeth, of taking —
pigo la kidole. a share of food, a help from a common
Mdumu, n. (mi-), commonly plate or dainty. Ps. megwa. Nt.
dumu (which see), pot, mug. megeka. Ap. meg-ea, -ewa. Cs. me-
Mdundo, n. (mi-), used of a roll- gesha, e. g. invite to take a bite,
ing, rumbling sound, as of drums or ask to help himself. Rp. megana, of
a band. (? Hind. dund. Cf. vuma, general consent or common action.
mvumo.) (Cf. follg. and tonge, mmego.)
Me-, (i) as a tense-sign, marks Mego, a piece, a bit,
n. (wa-),
the completion of an action or pro- a morsel, a bite, a helping, esp. of
cess, or the consequent state and food. (Cf. mega.)
condition, and so supplies a Perfect Meka-meka, v. a variant of meta-
and Pluperfect Tense. This form of meta, merimeta, me??ieteka, sparkle,
the verb also often supplies the place glitter, shine, be bright, fiery, &c.
of a Past Participle. It can never be (And cf. mulimu/i.)
combined with a relative-pfx., the — Meko, n. plur. of jiko (i. e.
necessary forms being supplied by majiko, maiko, vieko) (which see), and
the -li- (Past) Tense. It is rarely cf. figa, jifya, stones for supporting
used with a negative pers.-pfx., sime- a cooking-pot over the fire.
kwambia ? Have I not told you ? Memeteka v. also Memetuka,
its place being supplied by the Past sparkle, shine. (Cf. meiameta.)
Tense Negative with ku-. E.g. ame- Mende, n. ( ), a —
cockroach. Also
fika amechoha, he has arrived in a a slang term for a rupee.
tired state. Tukamkuta amekufa, Mengi, a form of -ingi agreeing
we found him dead. Amevaa nguo with D
5 (P), i. e. maingi, mengi.
nzuri, he is wearing fine clothes. (2) So mengine, from -ingine.
as an initial syllable, sometimes Meno, n. plur. oijino (i. e. majino,
represents ma- combined with an -i} maino, meno), teeth.
I
Meno meno,
 —
MENYA 223 MFASIRI
battlements, usually arched or pointed commoner kama. Mithili ni kuwa
in Z. See Jino. ametia mtu, as for instance (it is as if)
Menya, v. (i) shell, husk, peel, he has committed a murder. (Ar.
e. g.sugar-cane (2) beat, pound
;
Cf. syn. B. mfano, and conj. kama.)
(not usual in Z.). (Cf. ambua, Meza, v. (1) swallow, swallow up
chambua, paa, v.) (perh. a Cs. of mega (which see), i.e.
*Merikebu,
bu, Marekabu, a
n. ( — ), also Marike-
ship, esp. of foreign
megesha, meza (2) Cs. oimea, cause
to grow.
;

construction, as contr. with the native —

*Meza, n. ( ), a table, raised
vessel chombo. Various kinds are dis- wooden bench, school form. Mezani,
tinguished as merikebu ya matanga, (of Europeans) at a meal, at dinner,
sailing vessel ; m. ya moshi, steamer also a dining-room, mess-room, i. e.
— also ya dohani; m.ya kazi or ya chtimba cha kulia. (Portug. Cf.
serkali, a freight vessel, as contr. Lat. mensa.)
with meli for passenger traffic m. ya Mfaa, n. (mi-), centre-piece of
;

milingote miwili (miwili u nussu, native door, fixed to one valve,

mitatu), a brig or schooner (a "'arque, the other closing against it. (Cf.
a full-rigged ship). Ingia {panda) mlango.)
merikebuni, go on board a vessel. Mfalme, n. (wa-),king, chief, ruler,
Shuka merikebuni, disembark. (Ar. sultan. (Cf. ufalme, and syn. jumbe,
Cf. jahazi, chombo?) sultani, mkuu.)
Merimeta, v. sparkle, shine (cf. Mfano, n. {mi-), likeness, re-
metameta). semblance, similitude, emblem, sam-
*Meshmaa,
(Ar. shamaa, —
n.
sometimes
( — ), a candle. ple, pattern, parable.
maneno, an allegory, parable. Kwa
changed to
Mfano wa
.

mskumaa {mi-).) mfano wa, or only mfano na, like.

*Meski, n. and Miski, musk. Also mfano alone, as conj. ndio
Also similar scents. (Cf. marashi, mfano nguoyapili, it acts as another
harufu.) garment. (Cf. fanana, kifano,
*Meskiti, n. also Msikiti, Mo- and syn. Ar. methali, and conj.
skiti, a mosque. (Ar. changed from kama?)
mesgidi, masjidi, cf. sujudu.) Mfanyi, n. (wa-), a doer, a maker,
Meta, v. also Metameta, shine, one who practises, — usually as a ver-
sparkle, glitter, be bright, &c, e.g. bal noun governing another noun,
of polished metal, fireflies, stars, &c. e. g.mfanyi biashara, a trader, a mer-
Nt. meteka, e.g. upanga humeteka chant mfanyi viatu, a shoemaker.
;

kotekote, the sword is bright all over. (From fanya.)

Cs. meteska, make shine, polish. *Mfaransa, n. (wa-), also Mfra-
(Cf. merimeta, memeteka, memetuka, nsa, Mfarasa, a Frenchman. (From
mekameka, — all perh. of F?-ancais.
variants Cf. -faransa.)
similar sound. Also *Mfariji, n. (wa-), one who com-
mulimuli,
mulika, and (of steady light) ng'aa, forts, a comforter, a consoler. ( Ar.
anga.) Qi.fariji.)
*Methali, n. and conj., also in *Mfarika, n. (wa-),a young animal,
several other forms, mathali, mathal, —
goat, sheepjr &c., grown but not
methili, mithili, mizli, (1) a likeness, yet breeding. (Ar. Cf. fariki and
resemblance, emblem, similitude, par- follg.)
able, proverb, allegory. Often methali *Mfariki, n. a divider, esp. a comb-
ya, like, resembling, a likeness of, in like instrument used in weaving.
the likeness of, and so (2) as, like, Same as faraka (which see).
just as if, for instance, same as the— *Mfasiri, n. (yoa-), an expounder.
 —
MFATHILI 224 MFUMA
interpreter, translator. (Ar. Cf. *Mforsadi, n. (mi-), a mulberry
fasiri, and mkalimani.) tree, bearing the fruit forsadi.
*Mfathili, n. (wa-), a benefactor, Mfu, n. (wa-), a dead person.
helper, a kind, liberal, generous person. (See -fu. Cf. fa, v., kifo, ufu, and
(Ar. Clfathili.) syn. maiti.)
Mfenessi,n. (mi-), a jack-fruit tree, Mfua, (1) (wa-)-, one who beats,
a single fruit of which often weighs esp. of one who works in metal with
over 20 lb. (Cf.fenessi.) hammer, &c, a smith. A verbal-
Mfichaji, Mfichifichi, n. (wa-), noun from fua, governing a noun
one who habitually conceals, a very following, e.g. mfua chumaithahabu,
reserved or retiring person. (Cf. fetha, &c), a blacksmith (goldsmith,
ficha, and -nyamafu.) silversmith, &c). Mfua nguo, one
Mfigili, n. (mi-), and Mfljili, a who washes clothes, a washerman
kind of radish-plant, with an edible (commonly dobi in Z.). (2) (mi-),
root, figili. miftia (or mifuo), bellows. Vakuta
Mfiko, n. (mi-), arrival, reach, mifua, blow bellows. (Cf. fua,
range. Mfiko wa lisasi, range of a mvzikulo.)
bullet (gunshot, rifle). (Ci.fika.) Mfuasi, n. (wa-), (1) a follower,
*Mfilisi, n. (wa-), one who forces adherent, retainer, disciple (2) a ;

another into ruin, bankruptcy, &c, pursuer, tracker. (Cf. fuata.)

a distrainer, defrauder, embezzler. Mfufuzi, n. (wa-), one who raises
(Ci.filisi, and follg.) from the dead, restorer of life. (Cf.
*Mfllisika, n. (wa-), a ruined per- fufua.)
son, bankrupt. (Cf. prec.) Mfugo, n. (mi-), taming, breed-
Mfinessi, n. See Mfenessi. ing, rearing of birds or animals.
Mfinyangi, (wa-), also Mfinya- M. wa nyama, cattle breeding. M. wa
n.
nzi (and -ji) a worker in clay, a potter. frasi, keeping a stable, breaking-in
,

Mfinyanzi hulia gae, a potter eats horses. Nina mifugo mingi, I rear
off a potsherd, i. e. is no millionaire. many kinds of animals. (Ci.fuga.)
(Cf. finyanza, finya, ufinyanzi.) Mfuko, n. (mi-), a bag, a pocket,
Mfisha, MfLshaji, n. (wa-), one a general term, with dim. kifuko, and
who kills, a slaughterer. (Cf. fa, fuko (ma-), a large bag, travelling
fisha.) bag, saddle-bag. (Ci.foikia,fukua.
*Mfith.uli, n. (wa-), an insolent, Various kinds of bags are fumba,
rude, overbearing, insulting person. kiftwiba, gunia, kiguni, kanda,
(Ar. Cf. fithuli, ufithuli, and syn. kikanda, mbatu, mkoba, mtumba,
mjeuri.) &c.)
*Mfitmi, n. (wa-), one who causes Mfukuzi, n. (wa-), (1 from fukuza,
)

discord, a quarrelsome person, brawler, pursuer, persecutor ; (2) hom fukua,

agitator, disturber of peace, mutineer, digger, miner, pitman.
conspirator. (Ar. Qi.fitina,fitini.) Mfulizo, n. (mi-), causing to go
Mriwi, n. (mi-), plant producing on, giving an energetic impetus, a
the fiwi, Cape bean. pull, tug, haul, thrust, shove, &c.
Mfo, n. (mi-), torrent, rain-fed Kwa mfulizo mmoja, all pulling to-
stream, flood, also the channel or gether. (Ct.fua,fuliza, and follg.)
bed of a torrent. Mfo mkavu, dry Mfululizo, n. (mi-), also Mfufu-
bed, — of a torrent. Leo kumeshuka lizo, a Rd. form of mfulizo, a going on
mfo, hakupitiki, to-day a flood has and on, a regular progression, series,
come down, it is impossible to cross. succession. Siku tano ya mfululizo,
Mto alikuwa na mfo, the river was five consecutive days. (Cf. prec.)
in flood. (fZi.furiko, and mto.) Mfuma, Mfumaji, Mfumi, n.
 ;; ;

MFUMBATT 225 MGANGO

(wa-),one who weaves, a weaver. Mfupa, n. {mi-), a Mifupa,
bone.
Mfuma nguo, a weaver of cloth. a skeleton. Mifupa mitupu, a mere
Kitanda cha mfumi, a weaver's loom. skeleton, i. e. very emaciated. Dim.
Mfumaji wa hariri, a silk weaver. kifupa. (Cf. ufupa, fupa.)
(Cf. fuma, and kitanda^) *Mfuria, n. also kanzu ya
Mfumbati, n. {mi-), side-piece of mfuria, an Arab garment, a sort
the frame of a native bedstead. See of loose cloth coat, with a collar,
Kitanda. but no sleeves. (Perh. Ar., meaning
Mfumi, n. See Mfuma. fur coat.)
Mfumo, n. {mi-), (i) art (act, Mfurungu, n. {mi-), the tree
process, &c.) of weaving ; (2) tex- which bears the shaddock, furungu.
ture, fabric. Mfumo wake mzuri, it (Cf. mchungwa.)
is a well-woven stuff. (Cf. fuma, Mfuto, n. {mi-), (1) a wiping,
mfumi, kitanda cha mfumi, mtande sweeping, clearing off, erasing, aboli-
(warp), mshindio (woof).) tion, absolution (2) used to denote
;

Mfungizo, n. {mi-), a fastening a common, plain, rough, inferior

up, an investment, blockade, siege. article of any kind, e. g. mlango wa
{Cf. funga,ftingiza, and mazingiwa.) mfuto, a plain door, without carving
Mfungo, n. {mi-), (1) a fastening, or ornamentation. Mkeka wa 7nfuto,
shutting, closing, tying, &c. (see a plain, cheap mat. (Cf. futa.)
Funga), and (2) esp. fasting,— used Mfuu, n. {mi-), a tree bearing
both of such fasts as the month Rama- a small black edible berry {fuu).
than and of the carnival immediately Mfyozi, n. (wa-), an abusive,
preceding it. Mfungo wa Ulaya, scornful, insolent person. {Cf.fyoa,
European mode of fastening. (Cf. and syn. mfithuli.)
funga, kifungo, and follg.) Mganda, n. {mi-), (1) a bundle,
Mfunguo, n. {mi-), unfastening, a sheaf, e. g. of rice or other crop
untying, loosing, releasing, &c. (see (2) a kind of drum (cf. ngoma).
Fungua). Used to describe the (Cf. ganda, and follg.)
nine months following the month of Mgandisho, n. {mi-), causing to
fasting, Ramathan, viz. mfunguo wa coagulate (set, curdle, thicken), co-
mosi, wa pili, wa tatu, &c, — the agulation. (Cf. ganda, and follg.)
remaining three being called by the Mgando, n. {mi-). Mgando wa
Arabic names Rajabu, Shaabani, Ra- chuma, iron smelted and run out
mathani. (Cf. fungua, and prec.) to cool, pig iron (cf. mkuo). Piga
Mfunza, Mfunzaji, Mfunzi, n. chuma mgando, make wrought iron.
{wa-), a teacher, instructor, tutor. (Cf. ganda, and prec.)
{Ci.fttnza,fundisha, and syn. mwali- Mganga, n. (wa-), a native doc-
mu, mkuftmzi, fundi. Dist. funza, tor, medicine man, —
the recognized
maggot.) representative of superior knowledge
Mfuo, {mi-), (1) a beating,
n. on all subjects mysterious to the
hammering, &c, —
verbal of fua, v. native mind, and regarded with re-
(2) a groove, crease, mark made by spect, fear, or toleration accordingly.
drawing a line, stripe, band of colour, The mchawi is, on the other hand,
&c. E. g. karatasi ya ?nifuo, ruled not recognized^r tolerated as a rule
paper. Nguo ya mifuo, striped cloth, by the community, however useful
tartan. (3) Miftio, or mifua, bellows his services may be to individuals.
(4) mfuo wa mawinbi, the beating of Mganga mkuu, mganga sana, a fam-
waves on the shore, and also, the beach, ous medicine man. (Cf. ganga y
shore of the sea. (Cf. tcfuo, ufuko, tiganga, and mchawi?)
and/«a.) Mgango, n. {mi-), a binding up,
 MGAWANYA 226 MGUNYA
splicing, mending. (Cf. ganga, back, anything raised, ridge, hump,
gango, kigango.) edge. Geuka (elekeza, pa) m., turn
Mgawanya, Mgawanyi, n. (wa-), —
the back, in fear, contempt, &c.
a divider, a distributor. (Cf. gawa, (Cf. pa kishogo). Lala mgongoni,
gawaiiya, and follg., also mwenezi.) lie on the back (cf. kichalichali,
Mgawo, {mi-), and Mgao, a
n. kiianitani). M. wa nynmba, ridge
dividing, division, distribution, par- of a roof. Nyiimba ya m., a house
tition. So also Mgawanyo. (Cf. with ridge-roof (cf. pad). Njia ya
gawa, and prec.) m., a raised path, causeway. M.
Mgema, n. (wa-), and Mgemi, a wa tnwitti, a thick line of trees, a
man who climbs and taps cocoanut forest ridge. Kinyosha m., a back-
trees to get palm-wine (tembo). This straightener, i. e. a gratuity after a
business (mgemo, kugema) is a regu- hard job. (Cf. jongo, kijongo, ki-
lar profession, and in Zanzibar is often biongo, maongo, —
all of which point
carried on by Digo men from the to ongo, a form not used in Z. but
coastland a little north of Z. Cf. occurring in mongo, mwongo, a back,
Prov. mgemi akisifiwa tembo halitia — in other dialects. Gongo, a thick
tnaji, if the tapper hears his tap stick, is different, cf. gonga, strike,
praised he waters it. (Cf. gema, beat.)
and tembo.) Mgonjwa, n. (wa-),
a sick person,
Mgemo, n. See Mgema. an invalid, —used of any bodily
Mgeni, n. (wa-), (i) a stranger, ailment, serious or slight. Cf.
new-comer, foreigner; (2) a guest. mwele, bedridden, crippled, — of more
Mgeni na aje mwenyeji apone, let the serious illness, disablement, e. g. mgo-
foreigner come that the native may njwa aweza ktttembea kidogo, ???wele
be the better off. (Cf. -geni.) amekazwa na marathi, hawezi ku-
Mgereza, n. See Mwingereza. tembea, a mgonjwa can (at least)
*Mghalaba,n. competition, rivalry. just move about, a mwele is gripped
Bei ni mghalaba, commerce is com- by his malady and cannot move.
petition. (Ar. Cf. ghalibu, and (Cf. -gonjwa, gonjweza, tigonjwa, and
syn. B. s/iindana.) use of hawezi, as a semi -noun, and
Mgogoro, n. (mi-), (1) an obstacle, contr. mzima, sound, in good health.)
obstruction, e. g. a stone or tree in a Mgoto, n. (mi-), (1) act of beat-
road; (2) a difficulty, nuisance, ing, knocking together, blows, strokes,
trouble, worry. (Cf. syn. ztiizo, clashing, sudden meeting, conflict,
tatizo, kwao.) and (2) commonly of the sound of
Mgoja, n. See Mngoja. such beating, e. g. m. wa makasia, the
Mgomba, n. (1) (mi-), the banana beat of oars, —
both act and sound ;
plant, plantain tree, bearing the m. wa maj'i, the sound of meeting or
fruit ndizi (which see), and pro- falling water. (Cf. got a, and pigo,
ducing a strong fibre (ugomba) (2) ;
shindo, mbis/10.)
(wa-), verbal noun of gomba (which Mgunga, n. (mi-), a kind of acacia
see, and cf. follg.). (Sac).
Mgombwe, n. (mi-), bull's-mouth Mguno, n. (mi-), a grumbling,
shell (Cassis rubra, Str.). grunting, murmuring, complaining,
Mgomvi, (wa-), a quarrelsome
n. discontent. (Cf. giina, nunghi-
person, brawler. (Cf. gomba, nika.)
ugomvi, and mjitini.) Mgunya, n. (wa-), a native of a
Mgongo, n. (mi-), (1) the back, coast district between Mombasa and
back part, back-bone, of man or — the river Juba. They use the sailing
animal ; (2) of things resembling the vessel called tepe.
 ;

MGURTTGURU 227 MHOGO

Mguruguru, (wa-), a large
n. *Mhimili, n. (1) (*»/-), that which
kind of lizard, living in holes and carries (bears, supports), a beam,
feeding on insects. (For other varie- girdle, post, prop, bearing. Also
ties cf. m/ustj kenge.) (2) (wa-), a patient, enduring person.
—
Mguu, n. (mi-), (i) the leg, of (Ar. Cf. himili, ha??iali, himila, sta-
man or any kind of living creature, himili, and for patient mvumilivu.)
'
'

and esp. the lower part of it, the foot Mhina, n. (mi-), the henna plant,
(2) anything resembling a leg, in the leaves of which steeped in water
shape or function. Enda kwa miguu, produce a red dye, much used for
go on foot, walk. Shika miguu (yd), ornamental staining of fingers, feet,
make obeisance (to), become a sub- and often donkeys. (Cf. hina.)
ject or dependent (of). Panua (tanua) *Mhmdi, n. (1) (wa-), also com-
miguu, take long strides. (Cf. monly Muhindi, a native of India,
guu, kiguu.) but in Z. usually restricted to the
*Mhabeshi, n. (wa-), an Abyssi- Mahommedan Hindoos, who are
nian, —esp. of the female, valued divided into two chief sects, the
as a slave from the light complexion. Bohoras and Khojas, each with their
(Cf. Habeshia.) own mosques, burial grounds, clubs,
*Mhadimu, (wa-),
n. a Hadimu, &c. The heathen Hindoos are called
— one of the earlier inhabitants of the Baniani (ma-). (Cf. Hindi , ki-
island of Zanzibar, living mostly on hindi.) (2) (mi-), also commonly
the east and south of the island, re- Muhindi, the plant bearing maize,
taining their own dialect and customs, or Indian corn —also called Muhindi,
and till latterly some independence. in its natural state and collectively.
Mostly fishermen. (Ar. Cf. ha- Single cobs are called gunzi, kigunzi,
dimu, hudumu.) and the grains when separated ma-
*Mhajiri, n. (wa-), an emigrant, hindi. (Cf. hindi, gunzi, bisi,
settler, colonist, —
also one who travels kumvi, ganda.)
to Mecca as a pilgrim. (Ar. Cf. *Mhitaji, n. (wa-), (1) a person
hajiri, and haj.) who wants (needs something), a
*Mhalbori, n. a strip of lining candidate, ^applicant, petitioner. (2)
under the ornamental silk, stitching one who is needy, in want, poor.
down the front of a kanzu (Str.). E. g. tnimi si mhitaji nawe (or
Mhamishi, n. (wa-), a wandering, kwako), I want nothing from you.
unsettled, homeless person, a nomad, Bwana alikuwa tajiri, sasa m/iitaji,
pilgrim, tramp, vagrant. (Cf. my master was once rich, now he is
hama, mahame.) poor. (Ar. Cf. hitaji, uhitaji,
*Mharabu, n. (wa-), a destructive ha/a, and syn. viasikini.)
person, a destroyer, a vandal. (Cf. Mhogo, n. (mi-), also commonly
haribu, and syn. mwangamizi, mwu- Muhogo, the cassava or manioc
aji.) plant, producing the edible roots,
*Mhashiri,n. (#**'-), or Mwashiri, also called in their natural state
a strong beam, by which the mast is and collectively mhogo, muhogo.
secured in position in a native Very large roots are called hogo,
vessel. (Cf. vilingoti.) mahogo. The*roots are cut in strips
*Mhassi, n. (wa-),
a castrated (cf. ubale) and dried; then,
kopa,
man or animal, a eunuch. (Ar. when wanted, pounded and boiled.
Cf. maksai, and syn. tawaski.) There are several varieties, m. wa
*Mhenzerani, n. (mi-), a plant bungaia and m. mweusi, with reddish
producing a small kind of cane, hen- stems, sweet and eatable without
zerani. cooking m, wakindoro, m. nangwa,
;

Q 2
 MHTJNZI 223 MIONGONI
m. m-chungit, with green stems, maliki, malkia, matfilaka, and follg.
bitter,and requiring (excepting in one Also syn. tawala.)
variety) to be dried before eaten.
siuchezei m/iogo mchungu, do Mulki, and treated as if
—
*Milki, n. ( ), sometimes also
D
E. g. I 2, posses-
not play with bitter cassava. Enga sion, property, dominion, kingdom.
muhogo, cut cassava in slices for (Ar. Cf. prec.)
cooking.
Mhunzi, n. {wa-), a worker in nancy, embryo.
—
Mimba, n. ( ), conception, preg-
Shika {chukua,
metals, or stone, a smith, a stone- tunga,-wa na) mimba, be (or become) ,

cutter. Usually defined by a word pregnant, conceive. Tia m., cause to

following, e.g. m. wa chuma {fetha, be pregnant. Haribu m., cause mis-
bati), a blacksmith (silversmith, carriage, miscarry. Also of plants,
tin-worker). M. wa mawe, a stone- mtama unafanya mimba, the millet
cutter, carver in stone. (Cf. mfua, is just forming the ear. (Cf. hi-
and fundi.) mila, uzito.)
Mi-, Plur. Pfx. of D
2, e.g. mti, *Mimbara, n. ( ), pulpit, in a — —
a tree, mitt, trees. mosque. (Ar.)
*Mia, n. and a., a hundred, one Mimi, pron. of 1 Pers. S., I, me.
hundred, -a ??iia, hundredth. Mia Also often miye. Mimi mwenyewe.,
kwa moja, one per cent. Mia mia, mimi nafsi yatigti or bi nafsi yangu,
hundreds, in hundreds, —
of a large I myself. -angu mimi, my own.
indefinite quantity. (Ar. Cf. dual (All the personal pronouns are re-
from miteen.) duplicated forms, except the third
Miaa, n. plur. also Miyaa. See plural, mimi, wewe, yeye, sisi, ninyi,
Mwaa. wao.)
Mikambe, n. Piga m., in bath- Mimina, v. (1) pour out, pour,
ing, duck down and throw one spill, —
of anything in a fluid state, and
leg over so as to strike the water so (2) run into a mould, cast. Ame-
with it. nimiminia samli cho??iboni mwangu,
*Mila, n. (
pensity, usage.
— ), custom, habit, pro-
(Ar. Cf. desturi,
he has poured me
some ghee in
out
my vessel. Mkate wa kumimina, a
tabia, ada.) kind of confectionery. Ps. mimi-
*Milele, n. and adv., eternity, niwa. Nt. mi??iinika, e. g. be
perpetuity, -a ?nilele, continual, never poured out, overflow. Ap. mimin-
ending, everlasting. As adv. , always, ia, -iwa. Cs. mimin-isha, -ishwa.
perpetually, for ever. Maisha na (Cf. follg., and mwaga, pour away,
milele, for life and for ever, for ever subn, cast.)
and ever. Also Umilele. (Ar. Miminiko, n. {ma-), something
Cf. syn. daima, sikti zote.) poured out, a casting. (Cf. prec.)
Milhoi, n. one kind of evil spirit. Minya, v. press, squeeze, squeeze
(Cf. pepo.) out. Rp. minyana. (Cf.jinya,
Milia, n. plur. of ?nlia, but used and syn. kama, kamtta!)
as a., striped. Ptinda milia, zebra. Mio, n. plur of umio (which see),
(Cf. mlia.) (2) {ma-), amplif. form of umio (cf.
*Miliki, v. possess, be owner kimio), e. g. mio la mnyama, the
(ruler, king) of, rule, exercise au- throat-passage of an animal.
thority over. Ps. ?nilikiwa. Ap. Miongoni, plur. locat. form from
milik-ia, e. g. hold in trust for, be mwongo (which see), number, account,
regent for, rule in (for, with, &c). reckoning. Used in miongoni mwa,
Cs. milik-isha, -ishwa, put in posses- as a prepositional phrase, in the
sion, make king or ruler. (Ar. Cf. number of, among, from among, on
 MIKATHI 229 MJIGTJTT
the side of, in the party of, i. e. ka- for mtumwa. Ada ya mja, hunena ;
tika hesabu ya. Hawa si miongoni mngwana ni kitendo, a slave talks,
mwangu, these are not among my but a free man acts.
people, in my service. Mjakazi, a female slave.
n. (wa-),
*Mirathi, n. inheritance, heritage, (Cf. and mtumwa. Perh.
ktj^kazi,
— for more usual urithi. (Ar. Cf. mja, and kazi, work, but kazi, mkazi,
rithi.) in some dialects means a woman.)
*Miski, n. and Meski, musk, or Mjane, n. (wa-), a widowed,
similar perfume. bereaved person, male or female,
*Misko, n. Moscow, and used for a widow, a widower. (Cf. ujane.)
Russia. Mjanja, n. (wa-), cheat, impostor,
*Misri, n. Egypt. (Ar.) knave, sharper. (Cf. -janja, u-
*Miteen, n. and a., two hundred. janja, and syn. ayari, mkoJ>i.)
-a miteen, two-hundredth. (Ar. Mjeledi, n. (mi-), whip (of
dual of mia, i. e. mia mbili.) leather), thong, strap. -Piga (tia)
*Mithili, n. likeness, resemblance, mijeledi, beat with a whip. (Ar.
similitude, — same asMethali ^ which leather. Ci.jelidi, jalada, and uka-
see). Usually (i) in prepositional nda.) .

—
phrase mithili ya, like, just as, or Mjengo, n. (mi-), (1) act (pro-
only mithili. (2) as conj., for (or cess, style, method) of building,
with kama), as, like, like as. Na- architecture, also (2) thing built,
taka kasha mithili ya hii, I want erection, structure, e. g. encampment,
a box of this pattern. Wakaonana hut. (Cf.jenga,jengo, mjenzi.)
mithili kama auwali, and they met Mjenzi, n. (wa-), a builder, esp.
like as at first. (Ar. Cf. methali, in native style, i. e. of wooden struc-
kama.) tures. (Cf. mwashi, of stone work.)
Miunzi, n. plur. of mwunzi, Kwenyi miti hakuna mjenzi, where
which is seldom used, whistling, the trees are, there is no one to use
a whistle. Piga miunzi, whistle. them. (Q{.jenga, and prec.)
(Cf. ubinja, i?ibinja, msonyo.) Mji, n. (mi-), (1) village, ham-
Miwa, n. plur. of mtiwa, or mwa, let, town, city, i. e. a collection of
sugar-cane. human dwellings irrespective of num-
Miwaa, n. plur. of mwaa (which ber, 5 or 5,000. (Cf. kijiji, ki-
see). tongoji.) Used with and without
*Miwani, n. a pair of spectacles, preps. Toka (ondoka, &c.) katika
eye-glasses. Commonly described mji, or mjini, or mji only. So enda
as macho mawili, double eyes. (Ar.) (jika, Sec.) katika mji, or mjini, or
Miye, pron. 1 Pers. S., same as mji. (2) middle of a piece of cloth ;

Mimi, I, me. (Cf. weye, yeye, (3) after-birth, placenta, and some-
siye.) times of the womb itself. (Mji is
*Mizani, n. (1) weighing machine, traceable in other Bantu dialects,
balances, scales. The pan is called some distant, as also maji, water.)
kitanga, and the beam of the scales *Mjiari, n. (mi-), tiller-rope
mtange. Also (2) the pendulum, or (Str.). Also ujari. (Cf. kamba
balance, regulating a machine, clock, for other ropes.}
watch, &c. (Ar. Cf. uzani, *Mjibu, n. an affable, pleasant,
uthani.) accessible person. (Arab., not
Mja, n. (wa-), verbal of ja, one common, cf. wajibu.)
who comes, and so (1) a new-comer, *Mjiguu, n. (wa-), a large foot, a
foreigner,— also mja na maji, or ?nja long leg, a person with large feet (or
—
maji) (2) a slave, not usual in Z., long-legged). (Cf kijiguu, mguu.)
 MJIKO 230 MKABITHI
Mjiko, n. {mi-), lower bowel, rec- visu, a high- class cutler. (Cf.
tum (Kr.). '
{Ci.jika.) ujume, mjumu.)
Mjima, n. (w-), one who co- Mjumu, n. or !Njumu, inlaid
operates, or gives friendly help, an work, ornamental decoration with
assistant. (Cf. ujima.) various materials.
Mjinga, {wa-), a fool, simple-
n. Mjusi, n. {wa-), (1) a lizard, of —
ton, ignoramus, dupe, and esp. of the smaller sort, of which there are
innocent ignorance, inexperience, and many varieties. (For larger kinds
so, new-comer, raw slave, greenhorn, cf.guruguru, kenge.) (2) a lizard-
tenderfoot. Akawa mjinga, kama shaped ornament worked in silk
mbuzi ilia kasoro, he was a fool, like stitches on the front of a kanzu
a goat and even worse. Mjinga ni (which see).
mtu, usinene ni ng'ombe, a simpleton Mjuu, n. used of wind, as blow- —
is a human being, do not call him a ing above or overhead. {Cf.juu.)
—
cow, a native type of silliness.
s
Mjuvi, n. {wa-), a saucy, impu-
(Cf.mpumbafu,barazuli, mzuzu. ) dent, inquisitive, prying, intruding
Mjio, n. {mi-), coming, arrival. person. (Cf. jua, ujuvi, and
Verbal of _/Vr, v. (Cf. ?najilio, follg.)
jioni.) Mjuzi, one who knows,
n. {wa-),
Mjoli, n. {wa-), fellow slave, mem- a well-informed, large-minded, saga-
ber of same establishment, fellow cious, wise person. Mwenyezi Mngu
servant. (Cf. mtnmwa.) ni msikizi ?ia mjuzi wa killa kitu,
Mjomba, n. {wa-), (i) uncle, Almighty God hears knows
and
nephew,— the term being used by everything. (Cf. jua, ujuzi, and
each of the other. But ?7ijomba also prec.)
is used especially of the uncle on the Mkaa, n. (1) {wa-), one sits, who
mother's side, who is also called remains, lives, &c, an inhabitant,
baba ?nkubwa or mdogo (according as a resident, an occupant. Mkaa ji-
he is older or younger than the koni, a kitchen maid, a Cinderella.
father). Contr. amu (Ar.), uncle (Cf. kaa, and follg.) (2) {mi-),
on the father's side. (2) a native a tree, the bark of which is used
name a Swahili,
for — the Swahili medicinally as an astringent.
region being called Ujomba, and lan- Mkaaji, Mkaazi, n. {wa-), an
guage kijomba. inhabitant, regular occupant, a stay-
Mjukuu, n. {zva-), grandchild, or at-home, not a traveller, contr. to
other relation of the second genera- 77ipitaji, mhamishi. Ukiwa mkaazi,
tion, grand-nephew (or -niece), second jenga, if you are come to stay,
cousin (male or female). Fig. as in build a house. (Cf. kaa, v. and
tnajuto ni mjukuu, remorse is a prec.)
grandchild, i. e. comes at length. *Mkabala, Mkabil, adv. mostly
(Cf.kijukuu, kilembwe, kiningina.) in prepositional phrase, mkabala wa,
Mjumbe, n. {wa-), messenger, go- in front of, facing, opposite, corre-
between, deputed person, ambassador, sponding to, fronting. Also, in front,
delegate, representative. Mjumbe future. (Ar. Cf. kabili, kabla,
hauawi, a messenger's person is kibula, &c, and lekea.)
sacred. (Cf. jumbe, kijumbe, u- *Mkabithi, n. {wa-), verbal of
jtimbe.) kabithi, one who holds, keeps, &c,
Mjume, n. {wa-), a skilled work- and so (1) a trustee, one who holds
man who executes ornamental work, property or money; (2) a miser, an
engraving, inlaying, &c. on weapons, economizer, a thrifty person. (Cf.
and personal ornaments. M. wa kabithi, and bahili.)
 MKADAMU 231 MKATE
*Mkadamu, n. {wa-) and Muka- }
Mkangaja, n. (mi-), a tree bear-
darau. See Eadamu. ing a small kind of mandarin orange
Mkadi, n. {mi-), a pandanus tree, (ka)igaja) in thick clusters of bright
with strongly scented leaves used in orange-red colour. (Cf. mchungwa,
perfumes, and large fruits like pine- for other varieties.)
apples. Mkanju, n. (mi-), a cashew-nut
Mkaguo, n. (mi-), inspection, tree, —
known in Z. usually as mbibo
visitation, review. kagua, and
(Cf. (which see).
follg., also angalia, tazamia.) Mkano, n. (mi-), tendon, sinew,
Mkaguzi, n. (wa-), an inspector, muscle,— of cattle and animals general-
examiner, reviewer. (Cf. kagua, ly. (Cf. kano, uka?io, and ms/ii/>a.)
and prec.) *Mkasama, n. (i) division, part,
Mkahaba, n. (wa-), also Kahaba portion; (2) in mathematics, division.
(ma-), prostitute. (Arab. Cf. tngawo.)
*Mkahawa, n. (mi-), coffee-house, Mkasasi, n. \rni-), a fine tree, use-
restaurant, cafe. A
square containing less for timber (Str., who quotes a
several of these in Z. is kr. own as couplet, iizuri wa mkasasi ukipata
Mkahawani. (Cf. kahawa.) maji basi, the ?nkasasi is a fine tree,
Mkaja, n. (mi-), cloth worn by but all it yields is sap).
women round the body, esp. after Mkasiri, n. (mi-), a tree, the bark
child-birth, — one of the presents usu- of which is used to dye nets black
ally made to the bride's mother at (Str.).
marriage. (Cf. mbeleko, and follg.) Mkata, one who cuts,
n. (wa-), (1)
*Mkalimani, n. (wa-), interpreter, —verbal oikata, mkate,mkati) v. (cf. ;

i. e. in a professional sense, one who (2) a poor man, —

seldom heard in Z.
is employed to translate into and from city. Ni mkata, sina mbele wala
an unknown tongue. (Ar. kali?na, nyuma, I am a poor man, with noth-
a word, cf. syn. mfasiri. Mkalimu ing before or behind me. Mkata kana
is also used for teacher.) kinyongo, a poor man cannot afford
Mkalio, n. (mi-), a customary fancies. (Cf. ukata, and syn. ??iasi-
wedding fee, one of several given kini, fukara.)
to the bride's attendants, lit. sitting *Mkataa, n. and adv., also Maka-
by,— like kiosha miguu, kipa mkono, taa, (1) what is settled, final decision,
kifungua mlango, &c. end of an affair (2) in a fixed, firm,
;

Mkamba, n. (mi-), a larger species decided, final way, e. g. m. neno hili,

of sea crab. (Cf. kamba, and kaa.) sitakwenda, this is my final word, I
Mkamshe, n. (mi-), a kind of will not go. Ttmieafikana m., we
wooden spoon (Str.). (Cf. mwiko.) made a final contract. Sema kwa m.,
Mkana, n. (wa-), verbal of kana, make a final statement. (Ar. Cf.
one who denies, repudiates, &c. kata.)
Mkana Muungu, an atheist. (Cf. *Mkataba, n. (mi-), what is
kana, mkanushi, tikanyo, ukani, &c.) written, book, statute, contract, en-
Mkandaa, n. {mi-), a kind of gagement. (Ar. Cf. kitabu, and
mangrove, growing abundantly on the syn. hati, sharti, maagano.)
coast in East Africa. The bark is Mkatale, n« (mi-) t stocks, instru-
used for tanning, and furnishes a red ment for confining a prisoner by the
dye. The hard straight trunks supply feet, i. e. tnti uliochongxva ukazuliwa
largely the boriti of commerce, i. e. tundu, a piece of wood shaped and
poles used for carrying concrete roofs with holes bored in it. (Cf. kifungo,
in house-building. (Cf. ?nkoko, and mnyororo, pingti.)
mui.) *Mkate, n. (mi-) something cut. ,
 —
MKATI 232 MKINDU
and so, (i) any kind of lump, or Mkebe wa ubani, a pot for
poses).
separate piece, ?n. wa tumbako, a plug keeping or burning incense in. (For
or cake of tobacco, m. wa nyiiki, a other kinds cf. chungu, chombo.)
piece of honey-comb, but esp. (2) a Mkeka, n. (mi-), a mat (usually
loaf, cake, bun, biscuit, or anything of the kind used for sleeping on).
similar, and used commonly of Hence kama kitanda kupata mkeka,
European bread. Various kinds are like a bedstead getting a mat, i. e. of
distinguished as m. wa ngano, bread natural completion, the final touch.
made of wheat flour m. wa mofa, or These mats are oblong, made of
;

mofa only, a cake of millet meal certain leaves (ukindu), slit into strips,
baked in an oven m. wa kumimina, plaited, and stained various colours.
;

a cake of batter, fritter; m. wa The strips (ukili) are sewn together,

kusonga, &c. When mkate is used and bound round the edge. The
of ordinary bread, the crust (ganda la commonest in Z. are plain white, or
mkate) is distinguished from the crumb with transverse stripes of colour.
(nyama ya mkate). (Ar. Cf. kata, Their manufacture is. the ordinary
v., and follg.) occupation of women when not en-
Mkati, n. (tea-), one who cuts, gaged in cookery or other household
cuts up, cuts out, cuts down, &c. work. Mikeka are described as ya
(Cf. kata, v., mkate, mkato.) kulalia, for sleeping on ya rangi, ;

*Mkato, n. (mi-), (1) a cutting, with coloured stripes ya kufuta, of ;

incision, amputation, cut (2) effect common cheap make ya kazi, plaited
; ;

of cutting, a slit, crack, crevice (3) in patterns. ;

(For other kinds cf.
a fraction, piece, esp. a separate part jamvi, msala, kitanga, randa.)
of a native house, a division, apart- Mkereza, n. (wa-), one who turns
ment, room, —
made by a partition or with a lathe, a turner. (Cf. ke-
screen only, kiwambaza (4) fig. a;
reza.)
cutting down or away, cutting short, Mkewe, n. for mke wake, his wife.
reduction, retrenchment (5) a short,
;
So mkewo, mkeo, your wife, i. e. mke
abrupt, decisive act or method. wako.
Fanya ktua mkato, like mkataa, act Mkia, n. (mi-), a tail. Suka #*.,
quickly, decisively, at a word. (Ar. wag the tail. M. wa mjusi, lines of
Cf. kata, and prec.) silk stitching running up the front of
Mkazi, n. (wa-), (1) for Mkaazi a kanzu from the ornament called
(which see), an inhabitant (2) ;
mjusi.
Muungu ni mkazi wa ulimwengu, Mkilemba, n. (wa-), one who has
i. e. perh. from kaza, upholder, firm earned a turban, i.e. by completing
supporter. (Cf. follg.) a job or a course of instruction, and
Mkazo, n. (mi-), using force, ten- so denotes a successful candidate,
energy, pressure, exertion.
sion, effort, prizeman, graduate. (Cf. ki-
(Cf. kaza, kazi, and syn. bidii, ngu- te mba.)
vu.) Mkimbizi, n. (wa-), (1) one who
Mke, n. (wa-) for mtu mke, a runs, e.g. the slavewho runs in front of
woman, a female, also mwanamke. his master's donkey, but also (2) one
Used alone, mke means distinctively —
who runs away, fugitive, runaway,
' wife,' in contrast with mwanamke. deserter, truant ; (3) one who causes
Mume ni kazi, mke ni nguo, the to run, pursuer, hunter, persecutor,
husband works, the wife dresses. See also a robber, a highwayman (cf.
-ke. (Cf. mume.) mtoro). (Cf. kimbia, mbio.)
Mkebe, n. (mi-), pot, canister, Mkindu, n. (mi-), the wild date
mug (for drinking and other pur- palm, —producing an edible fruit (ki-
 ;

MKINGA 233 MKONO

ndu), and leaves which furnish material a hauling, a pull; (2) the mark or
{ukindu) for weaving fine mats, and trail of something dragged along.
a fibre used for string. (For other (Cf. kokota, and dist. makokolo.)
palms cf. mnazi.) Mkoma, n. (1) {wa-), verbal of
Mkinga, n. {mi-), anything that koma see), one who stops,
(which
stops, obstructs, or diverts something ceases, comes
to an end; (2) {wa-),
else, e. g. mkinga maji, a strip of a leper, one suffering from ukoma
leaf or stick used to catch the water (which see) (3) {mi-), one of the
;

running down a tree, also mchilizi. names by which the Hyphaene palm
(Cf. kinga, v., and follg.) is known on the East Coast, — others
Mkingamo, n. {mi-), a crossing, being mkoche, mwaa (which see).
being athwart, obstructing, in the way. Mkomafi, n. {mi-), name of a
Njia ya mkingamo, a cross-road. {Carapa moluccensis Sac). The
tree ,

(Cf. kinga, kingama, and follg.) wood is red, and was formerly much
Mkingiko, n. {mi-), a cross-pole used in Z.
laid on the top of upright posts to Mkombozi, n. {wa-), one who
carry the lower ends of the racers in ransoms (buys back, gets out of
building a native house. (Cf. kinga, pawn, recovers a deposit), a redeemer.
and prec) (Cf. komboa, ukombozi.)
Mkiwa, n. {iva-), a solitary, desti- Mkomwe, n. {mi-), a kind of
tute, friendless person, a poor man. —
climbing plant, the seeds of which
(Cf. -kiwa, ukiwa.) are used as counters in playing various
Mkizi, {wa-), a kind offish.
n. games. (Cf. komwe.)
Mkoba, n. {mi-), bag, pouch, Mkondo, n. {mi-), current, flow,
wallet, —sometimes made of the entire rush, passage, run, e. g. of water in
skin of a small animal. Wimbi la a river or poured on the ground of air ;

mkoba, bag-like waves, i.e. smooth through a door or window, i. e. draft

swelling waves, not like breakers. of the wake of a ship, of an animal,
(For various kinds of bag, &c. cf. i. e. track, run. Cf. ?nkondo wa nyasi,
mfuko, kikapo.) a track through rushes, showing where
Mkoche, n. {mi-), one name of people have passed. (Cf. kondo.)
a kind of palm (Hyphaene), known Mkonga, n. {mi-), trunk of an
also as mkoma, but in Z. commonly elephant, —
in Z. commonly mkono
as mwaa, or mnyaa (which see). wa tembo.
*Mkonani, n. {wa-), and Mku- Mkonge, n. {mi-), (1) a fibre-
hani, Kuhani, Kahini priest sooth- producing plant, a kind of hemp or
, j

sayer, magician. (Ar. Cf. kahini, Sansevieria, i. e. shttbiri la kufanyia

kasisi.) kitani, the fibre being called ukonge,
Mkojo, n. {mi-), micturition, urine, or uzi wa mkonge (2) a kind of fish.;

— also cJioo cha mbele, choo kidogo. Mkongojo, n. {mi-), a staff used
and follg., also nya, choo.) as a prop or crutch, for an old or
(Cf. kojoa,
Mkojozi, n. {wa-), one who cannot weakly person. (Cf. kongoja, tiko-
or does not control his urine, one ngojo, and for sticks bakora,Jimbo.)
who wets his bed. (Cf. kojoa, and Mkongwe, n. {wa-), an aged,
prec.) feeble, infirm person. (Cf. konga,
Mkoko, n. {mi-), a kind of man- kikongwe, and syn. mzee.)
grove, much used as firewood in Z., Mkono, n. {mi-), (1) the arm of
with a red bark used for dyeing. a human being, esp. of the lower arm,
(Other kinds are mkandaa, and and the hand, e.g. mkono hnkatwa
mui.) kati ya kisigino ita mkono, his arm is
Mkokoto, n. {mi-), (i) a dragging, cut off between the elbow and hand.
 ) — ;

MKONZO 234 MKUMBO

Mkono wake watoa sana, his hand firebrand ; (2) a blunderer, bungler.
gives freely. Pelekea mkono, lay (Cf. koroga, and follg., and syn. mji-
hands on, arrest. Then (2) of a tini.)
corresponding member in animals, Mkorogo, n. {mi-), (1) a stirring,
front paw. Simba akamka?nata mko- mashing, mixing of ingredients, &c.
noni, the lion seized him with its paw. (2) a causing discord, agitation, dis-
(Cf. mkono wa tembo, an elephant's turbance of peace, blundering, bung-
trunk, and mkono (or kikono, kono), ling. (Cf. koroga, and prec, also
of the tendrils of a plant. ) (3) of what syn. fitina, sukosuko.)
resembles an arm, e.g. as projecting, Mkoromaji, n. {wa-), a regular
mkono wa sufuria, the handle of a snorer. (Cf. koroma, and prec.)
European saucepan, — as spreading, Mkoromo, n. {mi-), a snoring,
mikono ya mto (bahari), branches of snorting, or similar sound. (Cf.
a creeks of the
river, — as grasping,
sea, koroma, and and msono.)
follg.,
&c. (4) as a convenient measure, Mkubwa, {wa-), (1) a great
n.
from ringer tips to elbow, a cubit, man (in wealth, dignity, power, &c.) ;
same as (Ar.) thiraa, 18 inches, (2) chief, director, responsible head,
i.e.double of a span, and half a yard. master, owner. Huyu ni mkubwa
Also in various figurative senses, e.g. wetu, here is our master. (Cf.
mwenyi mkono mrefu, a thieving, •kubwa, and syn. mkztu, msimamizi,
mischievous, cunning person, a rogue. bwana.)
Mkono wake mzuri, he is a liberal, Mkuchyo, n. name of a town on
open-handed person. Chuo cha the Somali coast, north of Mombasa,
?nkono, a handy book, manual. Kupa also called Mukdisha, and commonly
mkono, to give the hand, i. e. greet, Makdesh or Magadoxa.
congratulate, condole with, assist, Mkufu, n. {mi-), a chain, usually
take leave, take an oath, &c. Mkono metal, of a light kind, worn as an
wa msiba, condolence in grief. (Cf. ornament. (Contr. mnyororo, and
kono, kikono?) for ornaments cf. urembo.)
Mkonzo, n. {mi-). See Konzo. Mkufunzi, n. {wa-), a teacher,
Mkoo, n. {wa-), a slut, slattern, a more usual form for mfunzi. (Cf.
dirty untidy person, male or female. mfundishi, mwali?)iu, and for the
(Cf. syn. mchafu, and dist. tikoo, koo.) insertion of ku cf. mkulima?)
Mkopeshi, n. {wa-), one who Mkuki, n. {mi-), a spear. C/10-
supplies goods or capital on credit meka mkuki, to stick a spear in the
for commercial purposes, a lender, a ground. (For the iron head cf.
usurer. (Cf. kopa, v., and follg.) chembe, kengee, for the shaft mti,
Mkopi, n. {wa-), (1) one who uti, for the butt end tako.)
borrows goods or money, e. g. to Mkuku, n. {mi-), the keel, of a —
trade with on the mainland; (2) a boat or ship. (Dist. kuku, a fowl.)
swindler, impostor, knave. (Cf. Mkule, n. (wa-), a garfish (Str.).
kopa, ukopi, and prec.) Mkulima, n. {wa-), a tiller of the
Mkopo, n. {mi-), act (process, ground, cultivator, agriculturist, field
method, &c.) of borrowing, swindling, labourer, peasant. (Cf. lima, mli-
&c. (Cf. kopa, tikopi, and prec.) maji, and for the form mkufunzi, —
Mkorofi, n. [wa-), an evil-minded, the ku being inserted perh. to dis-
malignant, brutal, tyrannical person, tinguish from mlima, a hill.)
a monster, a brute. (Cf. -koroji, Mkumbizi, n. {wa-), one who
ukorofi. clears up, makes a sweep of anything,
Mkoroga, n. {wa-), a stirrer, i.e. a gleaner. (Cf. kumba, and follg.)
(1) a maker of discord, an agitator, Mkumbo, n. {mi-), a complete
 )

MKtJNAZI 235 MLADI

clearing out, a clean sweep, a thor-
ough removal, wholesale devastation.
(Cf. kumba.)
Mkunazi, n. (mi-), the jujube
tree, bearing a small edible stone-
fruit'like a cherry, kunazi.
coincidence. M. wa watte, a meeting.
M. wa mito, junction of rivers.
(Cf. kuta, kutana, makutano.)
Mkuto, n. (mi-), (1) a meeting
with, a lighting upon, a finding; (2)
a fold, like kunjo. Kunja nguo
?

Mkun.de, n. {mi-) , the shrub, which

mkuto, fold up a dress. (Cf. kuta.)
produces the common bean ukunde, Mkuu, n. (wa-), (1) a great person
much used in Z. (in wealth, position, power, &c), a
Mkundu, n. (mi-), the anus, ori- grandee; (2) ruler, head, master,
fice of the bowel. governor, &c. Alkuu wa genzi,
Mkunga, n. (wa-), (i) a midwife, leader of a caravan. (Cf. -kuu,
but in Z.commonly mzalislii(ci.kunga, -kubwa, and syn. bwana, msimamizi.)
ukunga,-kungu); (2) a kind of eel, Mkuyu, n. (mi-), the sycamore of
or sea-snake. the east, fig-mulberry tree, producing
Mkungu, n. {mi-), (1) a large tree the fruit kuyu.
bearing a fruit (kungti) resembling Mkwaju, n. (mi-), the tamarind
a small apple, but with a large stone tree, bearing the fruit ukwaju.
and kernel; (2) the fruit-stem or Mkwamba, n. (mi-), a kind of
pedicel of a banana plant carrying thorny shrub.
the whole head of fruit; (3) an Mkwarazo, n. (mi-), (1) a scrap-
earthenware dish, used for cooking, ing, a grating; (2) track or trail of
and also its lid, mkungu wa kufu- something scraping along, e. g. mkwa-
nikia. (For other vessels cf. chu- ruzo wa nyoka, the trail of a serpent.
ngu, chombo.) (Cf. kwaruza.)
Mkunguru, n. also Ukunguru, Mkwasi, n. (wa-), a rich man, a
the fever which attacks a new-comer well-to-do opulent person. (Cf.
at a place, after a change of residence -kwasi, ukwasi.)
and diet, sickness of acclimatization. Mkwe, n. (wakzve), used of near
Mkung'uto, n. (mi-), a straining connexions by marriage, father (or
off, a shaking off, a wiping off, a mother) in law, son (or daughter) in
siftipg. (Cf. kunguta, kunguto.) law. (Cf. mwa?nu, wi/i.)
Mkunjo, n. a folding, a creasing, Mkweme, n. (mi-), a species of
a turning over, a fold. (Cf. kunja.) climbing plant.
Mkuno, n. (mi-), a scratching, Mkweo, n. (1) (mi-), a climbing,
a grating. (Cf. kuna.) a mounting up or upon (cf. kwed)\
Mkuo, n. (mi-), an ingot, lump (2) for mkwe wako, see Mkwe.
or bar of cast or unwrought metal, pig Mkwezi, n. (wa-), one who climbs,
(of iron), rough casting. (Cf. ascends, mounts up. (Cf. kwea.)
mgando, and ? mtapo. Mkwiro, n. (mi-), a drumstick,
Mkupuo, n. (mi-), a shaking or used with some kinds of native drum.
pushing off, a getting rid of, a letting Mia, n. (wala), an eater, consumer,
drop. (Cf. kupua, and kunguta.) devourer, —
verbal of la, governing a
Mkusanyi, n. (wa-), also Mku- noun. Mia watu, a cannibal. Mia
sanya, a collector, a gatherer to- leo ni mlaji, tb* man who eats to-day
gether, convener. (Cf. follg.) (here and now) is the real eater.
Mkusanyo, n. [mi-), a collecting, (Cf. la, v., mlo, ulafi, ulaji, mlaji.)
gathering, &c. (Cf. kusanya.) Mlaanizi, n. one who curses,
Mkutano, n. (mi-), (1) meeting, swears, uses bad language. (Cf.
gathering, assemblage, council, com- laana, -laanifti.)
mittee; (2) confluence, concurrence, Mladi, n. (mi-), a thin piece of
 MLAFI 230 MLIMBIKO
—
wood, used by a weaver (mfumi), The frame consists of side-pieces
with which the woof is tightened (mwimo) and top and bottom pieces
after each thread is inserted. Also (kizingiti). Doors in Z. are often
called tipanga. (Cf. kitanda cha richly carved, and adorned with large
mfumi.) brass studs.
MlafI, Mlaji, n. (wa-), an eater, *Mlariba, n. (wa-), a usurer, a
a consumer, and esp. a voracious money-lender. (Ar. Cf. riba,
eater, glutton, gormandizer. Mlafi usury, interest, and syn. faida. The
is always an uncomplimentary term. first syllable is perh. mla, one who
(Cf. la, v., mla, mlo, ulafi, ulaji.) eats, consumes.)
Mlala, n. {mi-), one of the names Mlazi, n. (wa-), bed-attendant,
by which a Hyphaene palm, or a bed -fellow. (Cf. lala.)
species of it, is known. Also the Mle, (1) adv. there within, like —
leafwhich furnishes strips for making kule,pale; (2) form of the pronominal
mats on for tying. Kisu cha ku- adj. -le, that,' agreeing with a noun in
'

chania milala, a knife for slitting the locative form, e. g. nyumbani mle,
palm leaves. (Cf. mwaa, mkocke, in that house (cf. yule) ; (3) subjunct.
m&indu.) 2 Pers. P. of la, (that) you may
Mlamba, n. (wa-), (i) name of eat.
a bird ; (2) verbal of lamba, one who Mleo, n. (mi-), reeling, staggering,
licks. unsteady gait. Also Mleoleo, of
Mlango, door, door-
n. (mi-), (1) uncertain wavering movement. (Cf.
way, gate ;(2) entrance, means of lea,and follg.)
access, fee for entrance (3) anything
;
Mlevi, n. (wa-), a drunkard, a
resembling a door, e.g. a pass (in drunken person. (Cf. lea, levya,
hills and mountains), a channel (across and prec.)
a bar), a strait, estuary, mouth of a Mlezi, n. (wa-), one engaged in
river; (4) fig. of a man's relation to the rearing or training of children, a
his family or friends, social attitude, nurse, governess, tutor. Also name
circle of acquaintances, branch of a of a disease, scrofula (Sac).
family. Mlango wake mzuri, he Mlezo, n. for Mwelezo. (See
is a kind, hospitable, sociable person. Chelezo, and cf. elea.)
Wote walioko katika mlango wetu, Mlia, n. (mi-), a stripe (line, band) •

all who belong to our circle. Penyi of colouring. Used in plur. as adj.
wimbi na mlango nipapo, the channel Ptinda milia, zebra.
and the breaker are close together, Mlilana, n. (mi-), name of a shrub.
i. e. safety and danger. (Cf. lango, Mlima, n. {mi-), a mountain, high
kilango.) Native doors are commonly hill, long steep ascent. Milima,
of two kinds, (1) a single door made milima mingi, a mountain range.
of pieces of mwale (i. e. mid-rib of a Mlima ?nrefzi (mkubwd), a high
large raphia-palm leaf) set side by mountain. (Cf. kilima, and Mrima,
side with two cross-pieces passed the name of the coast district opposite
through them, making a light screen, and south of Zanzibar.)
tied or propped in the doorway or ; Mlimaji, n. (wa-), for the usual
(2) a double or folding door of two mkulima, cultivator, tiller of the
boards (ubau) turning inwards on ground. (Cf. lima.)
projecting tongues of wood fitting in Mlimau, n. (mi-), the tree bearing
socket holes in the top and bottom lemons (malimau). (Cf. for other
of the frame. One board carries a varieties mchungwa.)
centre strip (mfaa) to cover the Mlimbiko, n. (mi-), (1) a waiting
space between the valves when closed. for something, taking turns, a turn
 )

MLIMI 237 MMUMUNYE

(in waiting) ; (2) a store, stock, re- line, bait.(2) native name for the
serve, treasure. Mlimbiko wa fetha, month called in Arab. Shaaban, i. e.
a reserve of funds. (Cf. limbika, the month before Ramathan. (Cf.
and syn. mngojo, zamu.) la, lisha, and prec.)
Mlimi, n. (wa-), a fluent, babbling, Mliwa, n. (mi-), a tree with fra-
talkative person. (Cf. ulimi, and grant aromatic wood. (Cf. liwa,
syn.msemi, mwenyi domo.) sandali.)
Mlinio, n. (mi-), (1) tillage, hus- *Mlizamu, n. (mi-), a spout for
bandry, agriculture, cultivation (2) ;
carrying water off a house-top, or
results of cultivation, i.e. crops, pro- eaves. Commonly called kopo.
duce. (Cf. lima, mkulima, kili?no.) Mlizi, (wa-), one who cries or
n.
Mlimwengu, n. (wa-), (1) an in- makes a noise, a child who is always
habitant of the world, and (2) esp. crying, a ranter, a loud - mouthed
a man of the world, a worldly man. orator. (Cf. lia, ulizi.)
Mlimwengu ni mwanawe, a man's Mlomo, n. (mi-), a variant of
hopes (chief worldly interest) are his mdomo (which see).
child. (Cf. ulimwengu, mali- Mlongo, n. (mi-), a variant of
mwengu.) mwongo (which see).
Mlingoti, n. (mi-), mast, — of a *Mlozi, n. (1) (mi-), an almond
vessel. M. wa maji, bowsprit. tree, producing the almond nut, lozi.
M. wa mbele, foremast,— also wa (Ar.) (2) (wa-), wizard, sorcerer, for
omoni. M. wa kalme,mizzen-mast. the more usual mchawi. (Cf. loga,
The mast rests on the false keel ulozi.
(msitamu) and is fixed by a cross- Mhingula, n. (wa-), a black-
beam (fundo) and two longitudinal mailer, an extortioner, a robber.
timbers (mwashirt). (Cf. chombo.) Also, blackmail, bribe extorted.
Mlinzi, n. (wa-), guardian, pro- (Cf. hongo, rzishwa.)
tector, keeper, guard, watchman, Mmea, n. (mi-), anything possess-
sentinel, &c. (Cf. linda, ulinzi.) ing vegetable life, or growth re-
Mlio, n. (mi-), a sound, in the — sembling it, plant, shoot, sucker,
widest sense, a cry, a note, weeping. sprout, &c. Mimea, vegetation, in —
Used of all kinds of objects, animate general. (Cf. mea, and syn. eta,
and inanimate, yielding a sound. kua, mmeled).
M. wa mtoto, a child's crying. Mmego, n. (mi-), act of breaking
M. wa simba, a lion's roar. M. wa off a piece or portion of food, with
bunduki, the report of a gun. M, fingers or teeth. (Cf. mega, mego.)
wa ndege, a bird's singing. Ngoma Mmelea, n. (mi-), that which
ya milio saba, a drum with seven grows at (in, on) some place or thing,
notes. (Cf. Ha, Ho, kilio.) a creeper, a parasite shrub. (Cf.
Mlipizi, n. (wa-), one who pays, mea, kimelea.)
one who causes to pay. AIHpizi *Mmnadi, n. (wa-), also Mnadi,
kisasi, an avenger. (Cf. lipa, an auctioneer, salesman, broker, haw-
malipo.) ker of goods for sale, public crier.
Mlisha, Mlishi, n. (wa-), one (Ar. Cf. mnada, dalali.)
who feeds or has the care of animals Mmoja, n. t>ne man, a man, a
or other creatures. (Cf. la, lis/ia, person, a certain man. See -moja.
maliska, and follg.) Mmumunye, n. (mi-), the plant
Mlisno, (mi-), (1) a feeding,
n. producing a kind of gourd (mumiinye),
giving food, rearing, supporting. M. like a vegetable marrow. The outer
wa samaki, baiting for fish. M. wa rind, when dry and hard, is used as a
mshipi, putting bait on the fishing- vessel for fluids. (Cf. boga, buyu.)
 —
MMUNINA 238 MNG'AKIZO
*Mmunina, n. (wa-), a true be- and coast, and next to cloves is the
liever, i.e. a Mahommedan. (Ar. most important commercial product,
Cf. imani, amini, mwamini.) as well as the most useful for local
Mmvita, n. {wa-), an inhabitant purposes. The tree-stem is little
of Mviia, i.e. Mombasa. used, except for stout posts or props,
Mna, verb-form, (i) there is but when cut down the soft nutty
(within) (cf. m, na, and fnna, pcma) ;
substance at the top, from which the
(2) you (plur.) have. (Cf. 7iina, leaves and blossoms grow, is eaten as
una, Sec.) a delicacy (moyo wa mnazi, kilele or
*Mnada,
public notice.
n. ( —Mnadani,
an auction,
),
a
sale,
sale-
kichelema cha mnazi). The other
principal parts and products are the
room, place of auction. Tia leaf kuti, fruit nazi, fibre kumvi, and
mnadani, put up for sale. Mnada sap called tembo. (See kuti, &c:)
wa Sultani tcnanadiwa, a procla- The trees are distinguished as mh'nda,
mation of the Sultan is being made. i. e. young, not yet bearing, ?nume
(Ar. Cf. follg.) male, and mke female. (See further
*Mnadi, v. also Nadi, sell by under the words mentioned above.
auction, put up for sale, hawk about Various kinds of palm are mkindu,
the streets. Ps. mnadiwa. (Ar. mwaa, mpopoo, mvumo, mchikichi,
Cf. tembeza.) mtende, mzvale.)
*Mnafiki, n. (wa-), a hypocrite, Mnena, n. (wa-), one who speaks,
pretender, impostor, liar. (Ar. or who has the power of speech.
Cf. unafiki, and cf. mwongo, mjanja, (Cf. follg.)
ayart.) Mnenaji, Mneni, n. (wa-), a
*Mnajimu, (wa-),an astrologer.
n. speaker, a professional orator, an
(Ar. Cf. unajimu.) eloquent person. (Cf. nena, and
*Mnajisi, n. (wa-), an unclean, msemaji, msemi.)
foul person, one who is profane in Mnenea, a pleader,
n. (wa-), (1)
conduct or speech. (Ar. Qi.unajisi, interceder, one whospeaks for or to
naj'isi, and syn. mchafu.) the advantage of another ; (2) a
Mnana, n. (wa-), (1) a small critic, opponent, one who speaks
yellowish bird, building in colonies against or in rebuke of another.
on cocoanuts and other palms; (2) (Cf. nena, and prec.)
a substance used as a yellow dye for Mnevu, n. See Mnyefu.
the leaf strips (ukili) used for plait- Mng'ao, n. (mi-), (1) brightness,
ing mats. blaze, lustre, glare ; (2) fig. clearness,
*Mnanaa, n. (mi-), mint. (Ar. perspicuity. Mng'ao wa maneno,
Cf. nanaa.) lucidity of statement. (Cf. ng'aa,
*Mnanasi, n. (mi-), the pineapple and follg.)
plant, — the fruit being nanasi. Mng'ariza, n. (wa-), with or
(Hind.) without macho, — one who has glow-
*Mnasara, n. (wa-) and Mnasa- ing, glaring eyes, and so to the native
rani, Nazarene,— used of Christians mind one suspected of sorcery,
by Mahommedans. (Cf. -masihiya.) malignity, evil intent. So also
Mnaso, n. (mi-), (1) a catching, mng'arizo, gleaming, glaring, glitter.
holding, hampering; (2) difficulty, (Cf. ngariza.)
hitch, trap, impediment. (Cf. nasa, Mng'arizo, n. (mi-), like mng'ao,
mgogoro, kizuizo, mtego.) glitter, gleam, glare, radiance, &c.
Mnazi, n. (mi-), cocoanut tree, M. wa macho, glowing, radiant look,
which grows in great numbers in or, glaring, gleaming eyes. (Cf.
Zanzibar, and the adjacent islands ng'aa.)
 ,

MNGAZIJA 239 MNYEO

Mngazija, n. (wa-), a native of Mnuno, n. (mi-), grumbling, dis-
the Great Comoro Island. (Anzwani, content, complaint, sulkiness. (Cf.
Moalli, Maotive are other islands in nuna, and prec.)
the group.) Mnunuzi, n. (wa-), a buyer, cus-
Mng'oaji, n. {wa-), one who digs tomer, purchaser. (Cf. nunua,
out, roots up, extracts, &c. Mng'oaji tinunuzi.)
wa meno, a dentist. (Cf. ngoa.) Mnyaa, n. (mi-), one of the names
Mngoja, n. (wa-), also Mngoje, by which the Hyphaene palm is
and Mgoja, -e, one who waits at a —
known, commonly mwaa (which
place (occupies a station, is on guard) see).
sentinel, guard, keeper. Mngoja Mnyakuzi, n. (wa-), a snatcher,
m/ango, hall-porter, door-boy, gate- pilferer, thief, shop-lifter, pickpocket.
keeper. (Cf. ngoja, and follg., and (Cf. nyakua, and syn. mwizi.)
syn. mlinzi.) Mnyama, n. (wa-), (i) an animal,
Mngojezi, n. (wa-), keeper, care- a beast. Also fig. (2) having the
taker, guardian, watchman. (Cf. characteristics of an animal, a stupid
ngoja, and prec.) fool, a brute, a beast. But commonly
Mng'ongo, n. (mi-), name of a tree. nyama is used in both senses. (Cf.
Mnguri, n. (mi-), a shoemaker's nyama, ndama. Mnyama, a riddle,
mallet. (Cf. mskoni.) is seldom used in Z.)
Mngurumizi, n. (wa-), one who Mnyampara, n. (wa-), head of a
grumbles, growls. (Cf. nguruma.) body of men (caravan, expedition,
Mngwana, n. (wa-), one who is army), or of a part of it, head-
not a slave, a free (civilized, educated) man, —whether of porters or armed
person, gentleman, lady. Mngwana guard. (Cf. mkuu wa genzi,
ni kitendo, a free man can act (while msimamizi.)
a slave can only talk). (Cf. Mnyamwezi, n. (wa-), one of the
ungwana, kiungwana, and contr. Nyamwezi on the main-
tribe, living
mtumwa.) land west of Zanzibar, and largely
Mnjugu, n. (mi-), the plant pro- used as porters to and from the coast.
ducing the ground-nut njugti. (Also Used as a term of contempt by coast
njugu, of the plant.) people.
Mno, adv. very much, too much, Mnyang'anyi, n. (wa-), robber,
excessively, exceedingly, beyond thief, highwayman, burglar. Com-
measure. Sometimes combined with monly implies a larger scale of action
other adverbs of similar meaning, than mwizi, which includes mere petty
sana mno, mno ajabu, very exceed- thieving or pilfering. (Cf. nyang -
1

ingly, wonderfully much. anya, unyang^anyi, and mwizi.)

Mnofu, n. flesh, meat, fleshy part, Mnyanya, n. (mi-), the plant
as opp. to bone, i. e. nyama tnptt, all bearing the tomato (nyanya).
meat. Mnyefu, n. and Mnefu,
(mi-),
Mnong'onezi, Mnong'oni, n. damp, wet, moisture, dampness.
(wa-), a whisperer. (Cf. follg.) (Cf. nya, -nyefu, and syn. rutuba,
Mnong'ono, n. (mi-), whispering, maji, uloefti, chepechepe.)
a whisper. nong ona.)
(Cf. MnyenyekeS, n. deference, a
Mnuna, Mnunaji, Mnuni, n. humble attitude, reverence, &c. (Cf.
(wa-), a grumbler, one who com- nyenyekea.)
plains (sulks, is discontented). (Cf. Mnyeo, n. (mi-) y a tickling, prick-
follg.) ing, itching sensation, a creeping
Mnunda, n. (mi-), a semi-wild feeling, craving. Mnyeo wa njaa,
town cat. (Cf. paka.) the pricks, pangs of hunger. Also
 — !

MNYIMO 240 -MOJA

of prurience. (Qi.nyea, andkinyefu, force, with general or usually local
nyegi.) reference, ' in there, to (or, from)
Mnyimo, n. (mi-), a withholding, inside there,' e. g. yumo, he is in
refusal, prohibition. (Cf. nyima.) there. Ndimo alimo, that is where
Mnyiri, n. (mi-), also Mnyiriri, he is (in). Mimi simo, I am not in
and Mng'iri, arm, tentacle, feeler, it, i. e. I have nothing to do with it.
of the cuttle-fish pweza (and similar (3) in verb-forms generally is the
creatures?). Commonly mkono wa form of relative pronoun referring to
pweza. place within which,' e.g. ndimo
*

Mnyofu, n. (wa-), a straight- akaamo, that is the place he lives in.

forward, honest, upright, trustworthy Hamna 1 hamna ! ndimo mliwamo,
person. See -nyofu, Unyofu. Nothing in that nothing in that !

Mnyonge, n. (wa-), a. humble, that's where there is something (to

abject, low, debased person. Mnyonge be) eaten. Mo as a separate word
msonge, name of a kind of musical only appears in such a phrase as mo
entertainment or concert, in which mote, in whatever place, wherever.
the performers are women, forming (Cf. mti, mwa, humo, mumo.)
a kind of club. (Cf. -nyonge, Moalli, n. the island Mohilla in
unyonge.) the Comoro group.
Mnyororo,n. (mi-), also Mnyoro, *Mofa,n. (1) a small, hard, round
Mnyoo, (i) a chain, used com- cake of millet (rntama) meal; (2) a
monly for securing prisoners, slaves, cooking oven of burnt clay.
&c, hence (2) fetters, prison, con- Moga, n. (waoga), coward, for
finement, gaol. Tia mnyororo, or muoga, mwoga (which see). (Cf.
mnyororoni, imprison, put under oga, ogopa.)
arrest. Sometimes (3) intestinal Moja, n., also Moji, Mosi, Moya,
worm, but commonly chango. (Cf. (the number) one, one as an abstract.
kifungo, pingu, mti kati, ?nkatale, Kumi na moja, ten and one, eleven.
and contr. mkufu, light ornamental Moja kwa moja, straight on, con-
chain.) tinuously, without a break. Njia
Mnyozi, n. (wa-), a barber, com- inakwenda moja kwa moja, the road
monly kinyozi (which see). goes straight on. Barra na poli
Mnyunyo,n.(wz-), a sprinkling, ??wja kwa moja, desert and forest
of liquid, scent, &c. (Qi.nyunyiza,
'
without a break. Mia kwa moja,
manyunyo, and marashi.) one per cent.
Mnywa, Mnywaji, n. (wa-), -moja, a. (same with D 5 (S), D 6),
verbal of nywa (see Nya), one who (1) one, a single, a certain, an indi-
drinks, a drinker, i. e. of any fluid. vidual (2) one in kind, similar,
;

Mnywa maji, a water - drinker. identical (3) one in feeling, agree- ;

Mnywa pombe,'& beer-drinker. (Cf. ing, harmonious, of one mind. Mtu

nya, kinwa, kinywaji.) mmoja, an individual, a certain man.
-mo is the same element as mu, Nguo moja, the same kind of cloth.
tn,— the either denoting reference Moyo mmoja, concord, harmony, so —
or relative distance, in there,'' or kali moja, s kauri moja. Namna
else giving it the force of a relative moja na kite, the same patternas
pronoun, '
in which.' (See Mu, M, that one. Various plural forms oc-
and -o.) Mo (1) forms part of the cur, e.g. vitu vingi vimoja, many
demonstr. adv. humo, and mumo single, separate, single things ; watu
(which see) (2) affixed to ndi- and
;
si wamoja, people are not all alike.
person-prefixes, and the verb -wa or Mtti na ?nwanawe, watu wamoja
its equivalents, has a demonstrative I
maskini, a man and his son, both
 ;

MOLA 241 MOYO

equally poor. Mamoja, often with most part a distinct congregation of
yote or pia added, all one, all the members of the same nation, sect, or
same, all alike, to express indiffer- class. Moskiti is a form of masgidi,
ence. Mamoja kwangii, it's all one mesjidi, cf. sujudu.)
to me, I do not care, never mind. Mote, a. and Mwote, form of
(Cf. haithurzi.) -mojawapo, any one -ote, all, — agreeing with nouns having
whatever, -mq/a-moja, one by one, the locative termination -ni, e. g. m-
singly, individually, — so vimoja. jini mote, in the whole town. (Cf.
Pamoja is used as an adv., all to- -ote, kote, pote.)
gether, with one voice, unanimously, Moto, n. (??iioto), (1) fire, flame,
at one time (or, place). (Cf. most, a
a conflagration
fire, (2) heat, ;

and Ar. wahedi, which is also com- warmth, inflammation, temperature ;

monly used in counting.) (3) fig. zeal, ardour, energy, vehe-

Mola, n. a title of God, ' Lord.' mence, martial spirit, fierceness. Fa-
(Ar. Cf. Muungu, Rabbi.) nya m., make a fire. VVasha m., light
Mombasa, n. the Arab name of a fire. Pekecha m., light a fire by
the island and town of Mombasa, means of firesticks. Pata ??i., get
about 1 20 miles north of Zanzibar. hot. Ota (kota) m., sit by a fire,
The native name is Mviia. (There warm oneself. Choma {pasha) m.,
is also a village called Mombasa in or kwa m., set fire to, heat, cook with
Zanzibar near the town.) fire. Chochea m., stir the fire.
Mombee, n. Bombav. Zima (zimisha) m., put out the fire.
Moris, n. Mauritius. Prov. dawaya moto ni moto, fire must
Moshi, n. {mi-), (1) smoke, steam be met with fire. Akajisifu moto,
;

(2) soot, lamp-black. Moshi wa he boasted of his martial prowess.

moto, the smoke of a fire. Moshi -a moto, hot, warm, energetic, fiery,
unasimama, the smoke rises straight &c. Kazi moto, strenuous, eager
up. Merikebu ya moshi, a steam- work. Maji ya moto, (1) hot water ;

ship. (Cf. ota, moto, and syn. (2) a large red ant, living in trees, is
mvuke, masizi.) so called. (Cf. ota, moshi. Fire-
Mosi, n. (the number) one. -a sticks are seldom seen in Z., — matches
mosi, but -a kwanza is usual.
first, being very cheap, and embers easily
Jumaa mosi {Jtuna ya mosi), Satur- obtainable.)
—
day, as being the first day after Moyo, n. (jnioyo, also nyoyo as
Friday, which is observed by the if from twyo), (1) the heart (the
Mahommedans as Sunday. See physical organ) ; (2) the heart, feel-
Juma. (Cf. moja, and Ar. wahedi?) ings, soul, mind, will, self; (3) in-
Moskiti, n. also Meskiti, Msi- most part, core, centre
pith, (4) ;

kiti, a mosque, the Mahommedan courage, resolution, presence of mind

place of worship. (There are great (5) special favourite, chief delight.
numbers in Zanzibar city and is- Unichinje utauona moyo wangu, kill
land, —many being merely native me and you will find my heart. Jipa
houses of sticks, mud, and thatch, m.,piga m. konde, take heart, pluck
with a barrel or large vessel of water up courage. Tia (simika, ktiza) m.,
near the door. In the city they are encourage, crfter, hearten. Shuka
mostly of stone, plain in architecture m., be depressed. M. mchache, lack
and ornamentation, only one with of courage, a faint heart. Mimi
a minaret, and only one of large size. moyo wangu nataka, I really desire
Each has its mzualimu, or official it. M. wajipu, the core of an ab-
teacher, and mwathini, or crier, a scess. Moyo wa mnazi, the soft
cistern for ablutions, and for the nutty core at the top of a cocoanut
R
 — —
MPAGAZI 242 MPANZI
tree,from which leaves and blossoms hoeing up the soil among growing
grow, —
eaten as a delicacy. Moyo crops. (Cf. paa, pa/ia.)
wa kanzu, the part of a kanzu over Mpamba, n. {mi-), (1) the plant
the chest. Huyu ndiye moyo zvake, producing cotton, pamba; (2) {wa-),
this is his great pet. -a moyo, verbal of pamba, one who adorns.
voluntary, willing. Sana {fatty a) (Cf. pamba, and follg.)
Mpambaji,
1

kwa moyo, speak (act ) voluntarily, {wa-), an under-

n.

readily. Also se?/ta kwa moyo, say taker, one of the professional atten-
by rote, repeat without a book or re- dants who with the mwosha prepares
minder. (Cf. roho, nafsi, and a dead body for burial, using such —
mlima.) things as pamba, dalia, manukato,
Mpagazi, n. {wa-), carrier, bearer, mavukizo, sanda, mkeka wa pamba.
caravan-porter. Nikawapa wapa- (Cf. pamba.)
gazi upagazi wao, I gave the porters Mpambano, n. {mi-), a meeting,
their wages. (Cf. pagaa, upagazi, colliding, confronting, an encounter.
and syn. mchukuzi, /tamali.) (Cf. pambana.)
Mpaji, n. {wa-), donor, giver, Mpambe, n. {wa-), a person
benefactor, a generous, liberal person. dressed up, bedecked with ornaments,
But esp. of God, e. g. mpaji wa kupa in a showy costume, esp. of a female
iti Mtiungu, the real (only) Giver is attendant on a chief at certain cere-
—
God, also called mpaji asiyepewa, monials, maid-of-honour. (Cf. follg.)
He who always gives and never Mpambi, n. {wa-), a decorator,
receives. (Cf. pa, itpaji, kipaji, of house, person, &c, e.g. a lady's
and -karimu. Dist. paji, kipaji, maid. (Cf. pamba, v.)

forehead, temple.) Mpanda, n. {wa-), verbal of

Mpaka, panda, (1) one who climbs, a climber
n. {mi-), boundary, limit, ;

border, term. Piga {weka) m., fix a (2) one who plants, a planter. Also
boundary, lay down a limit. Ruka Mpandaji, Mpandi. Also (3) {mi-),
vt., trespass, break bounds. Mpaka a forked branch or stick, such as —
mmoja, adjacent, bordering, adjoin- is used for a slave-stick. See
ing. Also used as prep., up to, to, Kongwa.
as far as, till, until, to the time of, Mpande, n. {mi-), piece, part,
like hatta. Akafika mpaka kwetu, side. Rarely used. (Cf. upande,
he came as far as our country. Nikae kipande, pande.)
mpaka lini ? How long am I to stay ? Mpando, n. {mi-), (1) a climbing,
(Cf. paka, v., pakaita, also upeo. mounting up, ascent. Inchiya mpa-
Dist. paka, with other meanings.) ndo, rising ground. (2) act (pro-
Mpaka, Mpaki, {wa-), verbal
n. cess,method, &c.) of planting, time
of paka, a plasterer, a painter; also or season of planting. Also of a row
mpaka chokaa, mpaka rangi. or line of plants, cuttings, seeds, &c,
Mpakato, (»*-),n. mipando kumi ya muhindi, ten
something e. g.
applied, stuck on, e.g. a patch, a rows of Indian corn. (Cf. panda,
bandage. (Cf. pakata, paka, v.) ?)ipanzi.)
Mpakizi, n. {wa-), a shipper, Mpango, n. {mi-), (1) act (pro-
a stevedore, one who sees goods or cess, manner, time, &c.) of arranging,
freight put on board. (Cf. pakia.) setting in order, placing in line, mar-
Mpako, n. {mi-), a plastering, shalling (cf. panga, and syn. andika.
plaster. Mpako wa rangi, applying Dist. pango). (2) act (terms, method,
paint, painting. (Cf. paka.) &c.) of hiring, renting, letting, &c.
Mpalio, n. {mi-), (i) a rising in (Cf. panga, kuchisha.)
the throat or nostril, a choke (2) a ;
Mpanzi, n. (wa-), a planter, a
 ;

MPAPAI 243 MPIKAJI

sower. (Cf. panda, mpando. Dist. investigates, reconnoitres, examines,
panzl, grasshopper.) &c. (2) a spy, scout, tracker, eaves-
;

Mpapai, n. {mi-), the tree which dropper. (Cf. peleleza.)

bears papaw-fruit {papal). The Mpenda, Mpendi, n. {wa-), ver-
leaves and rubbed on meat bals of penda, one who loves, likes,
juices
make it tender, and are so used by intends, &c, a lover. Mpendwa
cooks. Digestive preparations are {wa-), one who is loved. (Cf.
now made from it. penda, mapenda, mpenzl, upendo.)
Mpapatiko, n. {ml-), fluttering, Mpenyezi, n. {wa-), (1) one who
throbbing. (Cf. papatlka.) introduces, causes to enter or pene-
Mpapuro, n. {ml-), a scratching, trate, brings in, and esp. in an under-
a scratch, esp. with nails or claws. hand secret way, hence
(2) a traitor,
{CLpapura, and mtal, mfuo, mkuno.) smuggler, illicit trader, secret agent,
Mparamuzi, n. {ml-), name of one who gives bribes. Mpenyezo,
a tree difficult to climb. Mil pla a bribe. (Cf. penya, tipenyezl.)
umepanda, huu ndlo mparamuzi, you Mpenzi, n. {wa-), (1) one who
have climbed every kind of i^ee, but is beloved, a dear favourite person
this is a puzzler (? Bombax Celba). (2) one who loves, a lover, as
Mparuzi, n. {wa-), one who does mpendi. Cf. mapenzi, active love,
not work smoothly, a bungler. (Cf. inclination, will, and see Mapenda.
paruza.) Mpenzl hana klnyongo, (1) the ob-
Mparuzo, n. {ml-), a scraping, has no defect, causes
ject of affection
rough work, bungling, &c. (Cf. no scruples ; (2) a lover sees no
prec.) defects. (Cf. penda, upenzl.)
Mpasi, n. {wa-), one who gets, Mpepea, n. {ml-), a light breeze,
one who makes money, a rising am- a zephyr, i.e. tipepo mpepea, a breeze
bitious man, a prosperous merchant. that fans. {Qi.pepea, itpepo,pepeo.)
(Cf. pat a, pato, and syn. tajlrl, Mpepetaji,n. (wa-),also Mpetaji,
mkwasl.) one who sifts or winnows grain, &c.
Mpatanishi, {wa-), a peace-
n. (Cf. pepeta.)
maker, reconciler, one who brings Mpera, n. {ml-), the tree that
people to terms, settles quarrels and bears the guava fruit, pera. Mpera
difficulties, a negotiator. (Cf. wa klzungu, the rose-apple tree.
patana, and msuluhlshi.) Another variety is the mtofaa.
Mpato, n. {ml-), (1) verbal of Mpetaji, n. {wa-), for mpepetajl.
pata, a getting, a procuring, &c. ; Mpevushi, n. {wa-), a corrupter
(2) a float used for showing the of morals, esp. of the young, lit. one
position of a fishing-net, and keeping who ripens, brings to maturity, forces
it extended; (3) ? lattice, trellis- growth. (Cf. pevua, -pevu, and
work (Str.). komaa.)
Mpekecho, n. {ml-), (1) a twirl- Mpiga, n. {wa-), verbal of plga, in
ing, a stirring; (2) a disturbance, all its manifold uses, one who strikes,
agitation, fomenting of discord. &c. See Piga.
(Cf. pekecha, zipekecho.) Mpiganisho, n. {ml-), collision,
Mpekuzi, n. {wa-), one who picks encounter, conflict. {Ci.plga, tipl-
and scratches (like a fowl), an in- gano.)
quisitive person. (Cf. pekna.) Mpigo, n. {ml-), act (mode, &c.)
Mpelekwa, n. {wa-), a person of striking. {Cf.plgo.)
sent, amessenger. (Cf. peleka, Mpikaji, n. {wa-), a cook, a pro-
and syn. tume.) fessional cook, head cook. (Cf.
Mpelelezi, n. {wa-), (1) one who plka, mplshl, and follg.)
R
 —
MPIKO 244 MPTTNGA
Mpiko, n. (#«*-), (i) stick or pole i. e. mtu mpofu wa macho. (Cf. -pofu,
to carry or sling loads on; (2) act pofua. And for various antelopes
(process, method, &c.) of cooking, cf.paa, n.)
including nikaango, mchomo, mtokoso, Mpokezi, n. (wa-), one who re-
mwoko. See Pika. ceives, a receiver, recipient. (Cf.
Mpilipili, n. (mi-), the plant pro- pokea, and mkabithi.)
ducing capsicums (pilipili), the red- Mponda, n. (wa- ), verbal oiponda,
pepper plant. (Cf. pilipili.) one who crushes, breaks to pieces.
Mpimo, n. (mi-), (1) act (mode, Mponda mali, a spendthrift, prodigal.
means, &c.) of measuring (2) pay-
;
Mpondo, n. (mi-), a pole for
ment for measuring. (Cf. pima, pushing a vessel in shallow water, a
kipimo.) punting-pole. (Cf. ponda, also
Mpindani, n. (wa-), a person bent pondo, kiporido.)
or crooked by stiffness or disease. Mpopoo, n. (mi-), the areca palm,
(Cf. pinda, and follg.) bearing the betel-nut, popoo, which is
Mpindano, n. (mi-), a bending always in great request for chewing.
together, a stiffening. Mp. wa ms/ii- See Popoo, Tambuu, Uraibu.
pa, cramp. (Cf. pinda, and syn. Mposa, n. (wa-), a suitor, one who
kiharnsi.) makes proposals of marriage to
Mpinduzi, n. (wa-), one who parents. (Cf. posa, and follg.)
turns things upside down, a revolu- Mposo, n. (mi-), proposal of mar-
tionist, a disturber of peace. (Cf. riage, wooing. (Cf. posa, andprec.)
pinda, pindua.) Mpotezi, n. (wa-), one who spoils,
Mpingani, n. (wa-), an obstruc- ruins, corrupts, misleads, destroys,
tor, a stubborn opponent. (Cf. perverts, &c. (Cf. potea, -potevu,
pinga.) and follg., and syn. mwangamizi.)
Mpingo, n. (mi-), the ebony tree. Mpoto, n. (wa-), and more com-
Mpini, n. (mi-), a handle, haft, monly Mpotofu, Mpotoe, wrong-
of an instrument, such as knife, sword, headed, wilful, perverse, wayward,
tool. (Cf. kipini. Other kinds headstrong, unprincipled, contr. of —
are called (1) mkono, e.g. projecting mwongofu, and described as mtu
handle of a saucepan ; (2) tdambo, asiyeongoka, a man who does not go
e.g. handle of a bucket.) the right way asiyeshika akili za
;

Mpira, n. (mi-), (1) a tree pro- mtu mwingine, one who never listens
ducing india-rubber (2) the substance to others.
; (Cf. potoa, and potea.)
india-rubber ; (3) a ball of india- Mpozi, n. (wa-), one who cures, a
—
rubber, and hence a ball of any ma- physician, a title which is usually
—
terial, used of a cricket- or foot-ball, ascribed to God. Mpozi ni Muungu,
and extended to any games of ball. God is the real physician. Doctors
Gema mpira, draw off the sap from are usually called mganga, tabibu,
an india-rubber tree. Mpira wa ku- daktari. (Cf. poa, porta, poza.)
ponda, india-rubber got by boiling Mpumbafu, n. (wa-), a fool, a
the roots of trees. The natives make dupe, described as mtu aseyiweza
up the sap into balls of about three kufanyiza kazi ya nafsi yake, a man
inches diam. for sale. (Cf. mbungo, who has not the wits to do what he
mtoria.) sets himself to do. (Cf. pumbaa,
Mpishi, n. (wa-), a cook. (Cf. -pumbafu, and syn. 7?ijinga, bara-
pika, pikisha, tipishi. Dist. pisha, thuli.)
Cs. of pi/a, and pishi, a measure.) Mpunga, n. (mi-), the rice plant,
Mpofu, n. (wa-), an eland. Also and rice while still growing or in the
(from -pofti), a blind person, blind, husk. (When husked it is called
 —

MPUNGATE 245 MSAFA

mchele, when cooked in the ordinary *Mrejaa, and Mregaa. Bei
n.
way wait.) ya mrejaa, trading by commission,
Mpungate, n. {mi-), a kind of i.e. with goods lent for sale, and
cactus (Str.). returnable if not sold. (Ar., lit.
Mpuzi, n. {wa-), one who is 'returning.' Cf. rejea, and kopa,
foolish, flippant, careless, loose, — in tikopi.)
conduct, conversation, &c., a gossip, Mrenaha, n. {mi-), the thorn-apple
flirt, babbler, gad-about. (Cf. tree (Str.).
-puzi, ttpuzi, puza.) Mreno, n. {wa-), a Portuguese.
Mpwa, n. {wa-), sister's child, (Cf. -reno.)
nephew, niece, and ? cousin. (Not Mrera, n. lines of ornamental
often in Z.) stitching on the collar of a kanzu,
Mpweke, n. {mi-), (i) a short usually of red silk. See Kanzu.
thick stick, cudgel, bludgeon (cf. *Mrihani, n. basil (the aromatic
kibarango, and for other sticks bakora, herb). (Ar. Cf. rihani, manu-
fimbd). (2) a. See -pweke. kato.)
Mpya, a. See -pya. Mrija, n. {mi-), a small kind of
*Mraba, (mi-) and Mrabba,
n. reed, — often used as a pipe (for
what is fourfold, square, a square, drinking with, musical, &c), and so
a rectangle, a right angle. Also of (2) a pipe, tube, piping.
squares laid out for planting, garden Mrima, n. and Merima, name of
beds, -a miraba minne, rectangular. the strip of coastland opposite and
Mtn wa miraba minne, a square- south of Zanzibar, with its own dialect
built, stout man. Piga miraba ka- of Swahili called Kimrima. The
tika shamba, lay out beds for cultiva- people also are described as Wa-
tion on an estate. (Ar. Cf. robo, mrima. (Perh. cf. mlima, i.e. the
droba. Also in Ar. mraba means hill-country, rising from the coast
'jam, preserve.') inland.)
*Mrabaha, (mi-), royalty, fee
n. *Mrithi, n. {wa-), an heir, legatee,
paid to a chief by a trader for right inheritor. (Ar. Cf. rithi, urithi,
of trading in a place. (Ar. Cf. warithi.)
rabbi.) *Mrithia, n. {wa-), a pleasant,
*Mradi, n. {mi-), intention, plan, affable, amiable person. (Ar. Cf.
resolve. (Ar. Cf. nia, shanri, rathi, urathi.)
azima, kustidi.) Mrithishi,
n. {wa-), an executor,
*Mrama, n. also Mramma, Mra- (Ar. Cf. mrithi.)
of a will.
maa, pitching, tossing, rolling, the —
Mruba, n. {mi-), a leech.
motion of a ship at sea, e.g. m. wa *Mrututu, n. sulphate of copper,
chombo. Enda m., roll, toss, pitch, blue-stone, blue vitriol, often used —
—
&c, of a ship. (Ar. Cf. suko- as a caustic for sores, &c.
suko.) *Msaada, n. {mi-) help, aid, assist- ,

Mrao, n. {mi-), fuse for a gun, ance, support. (Ar. Cf. saidia,
match for lighting the powder in a and syn. auni, iegemeo, shime.)
—
matchlock, a small twisted bit of *Msafa, n. {mi-), a line, row,
—
combustible fibre from a suitable tree. series, more commonly safu (which
Bundttki ya mrao, a matchlock gun. see). Msafa wa milima, a chain of
(Cf. utambi.) mountains, mountain-range, i.e. ime-
*Mrashi, n. {mi-), a long-necked fungamana, kama kilima kimoja kwa
glass or metal bottle or flask, used kimoja, they are joined together like
for sprinkling scent. (Ar. Cf. a continuous series of hills. (Ar.
marathi.) Cf. mstari r mpango, and safu.)
 A

MS AFAR 246 MSEMO

*Msafara, n. (mi-), a travelling *Msaliti, n. (wa-). See Msalata.
company, caravan, expedition, for —
*Msamaha, n. (mi-) also Msa-
trading, war, &c. Andika (tengeneza, meha, pardon, forgiveness, forbear-
panga) msafara, organize an expedi- ance, respite. A rataka msamaha
tion. (Ar. Cf. safri, safari, and kwako, 1 beg your forgiveness.
follg.) (Ar. Cf. samehe, and follg., and syn.
*Msafiri, n. (wa-), a traveller (by- achilio, ghofira.)
sea or land), wayfarer, voyager. *Msamehe, n. (wa-), a. forgiving,
(Ar. Cf. prec, and syn. vipitaji, merciful person. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
mtembezi, abiria.) Msamilo, n. (mi-), wooden head-
*Msahafu, n. (;«z-),a book (blank, rest, used by natives as a pillow.
written, or printed), esp. the Coran, *Msanaa, n. (wa-), also Msani,
the Book, the Mahommedan Bible. one skilled in an art, artist, artisan.
Also page or leaf of a book, i.e. (Ar. Cf. sanaa, -sanifu. In Z.
karatasi ya chuo kitupu, kisicho- commoner syn. are fundi, waria,
andikwa, page of a blank book not mstadi, mbingwa.)
written in. (Ar. sahifat, a page, *Msandali, n. (mi-), the tree pro-
layer. Cf. kitabu, chuo}) ducing the aromatic sandal-wood.
*Msahau, n. (wa-), one who for- *Msandarusi, n. (mi-), the gum-
gets, a forgetful perron. (Ar. Cf. copal tree. (Cf. sandarusi.)
sahau, -sahaulifu.) Msangao, n. (mi-), also Msba-
*Msaji, n. {mi-), the teak tree, ngao (which see).
—
teak wood, imported to Zanzibar, Msapata, n. (mi-), kind
a of
resists the attacks of white ants. native dance. (Cf. ngoma.)
Msakaji, n. (wa-), one who hunts, Msasa, n. (mi-), (1) a plant or
i. e. msakaji nyama, a hunter of shrub with rough leaves, used for
game. (Cf. follg. and mwinda, smoothing wood. Hence (2) sand-
mwindaji.) paper, emery paper.
Msako, n. (mi-), hunting, a hunt. Msazo, n. (mi-), what is left over,
and syn. winda, j?iwindo.)
(Cf. saka, leavings, remnant, remainder. (Cf.
*Msala, n. (mi-), (i) a praying salia, saza, sazo, salio, and syn. baki.)
—
mat, usually oval, and hence of oval Msekeneko, n. syphilis. (Cf.
or round mats in general. Also (2) sekeneka.)
a private place, bath, closet, like — *Mselehish.a, n. (wa-), also -ishi,
faraghani. Yuko msa/ani, he is en- a reconciler, a peacemaker. (Ar.
gaged. Akapelekwa msalani akaenda Cf. suluhi, selehisha, and syn. mpa-
akaoga, he was conducted to the bath- lanishi.)
room and went and had a bath. Msema, n. (wa-), verbal of sema,
(Ar. Cf. sala, sali, and for mats onewho says, speaks, has the power
mkeka, kitanga. Also cf. choo.) of speech. (Cf. sema, nena, and
Msalaba, n. (mi-), (1) a cross, follg.)
anything in the form of a cross. Also Msemi, Msemaji, n. (wa-), (1)
(2) instrument of torture, used for a speaker, a narrator (2) an eloquent
;

mkatale, stocks. (Ar. Cf. suhibii.) person, an orator, a fluent, talkative

*Msalata, n. (wa-), a harsh, over- person. Afsemaj'i wa habari, one who
bearing, unfeeling, provoking person. tells news, a narrator, an historian.
(Ar. Cf. saliti, and syn. mgomvi, (Cf. sema, and prec, usemi, use-
mstimbufu, &c.) maji.)
Msalimina, Msalimu, n. (wa-), Msemo, n. (mi-), act (kind, style,
variants of Mwislamu, Msilimu, a &c.) of speaking, utterance, speech.
Mahommedan, a Moslem. Kilichowafunga ni msemo wao we-
 ;

MSETIRI 247 MS HIND ANT

nyewe, what convicted them was their nature, and feeling. (Ar. Cf.
own speech. (Cf. sema, and prec.) shariki, shiriki, and syn. mwenyi,
Msetiri, n. (wa-). See Mstiri. rofiki.)
Mseto, {mi-), and Msheto, a
n. *Mshathali, a. and adv., also
mixture of grains and other ingredients Mshethali, and sometimes heard as
cooked for food, a mash, e. g. mtama, Msitara, crooked, slanting, oblique,
choroko, kunde, viazi. (Cf. seta?} out of the straight or level, sloping,
Msewe, n. {mi-), a sort of rattle, on one side. (?Ar., and cf. syn.
fastened to the leg, to make a jingle upande, kikombo, kipogo.)
in dancing. (Cf. 7tjuga.) *Mshauri, n. (wa-), adviser, friend,
*Mshabaha, n. {mi-), likeness, re- counsellor. (Ar. Cf. shauri.)
semblance, similitude. Used also like *Msh.eheri, n. (wa-), an Arab
met kali {mithili) and mfano as a from Sheher in South Arabia, usu.
conj. '
in the likeness (of), like,' — for of a low class, engaged in manual
the common kama, sawa (na). Msha- trades and labour. (Ar.)
baha mmoja, alike. (Ar. Cf. sha- *Mshemali, n. (wa-), a northern
baha.) Arab, i. e. one who comes from
*Mshahara, n. {mi-), monthly Muscat and the Persian Gulf. (Ar.)
wages, regular salary. (Ar. shah?', Mshenzi, n. (wa-), a barbarian,
a month. Cf. ujira.) savage, one of the aborigines, a person
*Mshairi, n. (wa-), a composer untouched by civilization. Often used
of verses, a rhymer, a poet. (Ar. contemptuously by the coast Swahilis
Cf. shairi.) of those who come from the interior.
*Mshakiki, n. (mi-), (i) spit, (Cf. tishenzi, mjinga.)
skewer (2) a bit of meat, toasted
;
Msheto, n. (mi-). See Mseto.
over embers on a skewer. (Ar. Mshika, Mshiki, n (wa-) one who
. ,

sikkat,and cf. syn. kijiti, kibanzi.) holds, takes hold of, grasps. Mshiki
Mshale, an arrow. For shikio (or, msukani), pilot, steersman.
n. (mi-),
various parts chembe (iron head), (Cf. shika.)
cf.
wano (shaft), manyoya (feathers), Mshikilizo, n. (mi-), lit. a causing
koleo (notch). Dim. kishale. (Other to hold on to, or together, used of —
common weapons are mkttki, upa- tacking or basting materials ready
nga, kisn, rtmgti.) for sewing.
Mshangao, (mi-), also Msa-
n. Mshinda, n. (wa-), verbal of
ngao, thrilling excitement, deep sen- shinda, one who remains, conquers,
sation, admiration,wonder, perplex- &c. (See the various meanings of
ity,amazement, bewilderment, stupe- shinda, and follg.)
faction. Ona (fanya, shikwa na, Mshindaji, n. (wa-), a conqueror,
ingid), be seized with wonder, &c. victor, successful competitor or can-
(Cf. shangaa, and ajabu, bumbuazi, didate. (Differs from Mshinda,
toshea.) Mshindi, only so far as the termination
*Mshari, n. (wa-), an evil person, ji implies that the action is character-
one who brings ruin, strife, ill luck, istic,repeated, or professional. Cf.
destruction, &c. Opp. of heri. shinda, mshindi, mshindwa, mshinde,
(Ar. Cf. syn. mgomvi, mtesi, mkorofi, mshindo, and*follg.)
mchokozi, mpotezi?) Mshindani, n. (wa-), (1) an op-
*Msharika, n. (wa-), also Mshi- ponent, rival, antagonist, competitor
riki, partner, participator, sharer, (2) a contentious, obstructive, cap-
associate, equal, — but msharika may tious person. (Cf. shinda, mashi-
imply the closest possible identifica- ndano, ushindani, and syn. mbishi,
tion of interests, communion of life, mpingamizi, mtesi, adui.)
 — —
MSHINDE 248 MSIBA
Mshinde, n. {wa-), one who is pulse, beats (throbs, is irregular).
conquered. (From shinda, with Kanda mshipa, feel the pulse.
pass, termin. -e. Not often used.) Mshipi, n. {mi-), (1) a narrow strip
Mshindi, n. (w-), a conqueror, of stuff (cloth, webbing, &c), used
winner, prize-taker, victor. (Cf. as a belt, girdle, waist-band, halter,
shinda, mshindi, mshindaji, and prec.) also used of braces, suspenders (2) ;

Mshindilio, n. {mi-), a pushing, a fishing-line, a fishing-net.

a pressing, application of force. *Mshitiri, n. {wa-), customer,
Used of (i) loading a gun, ramming buyer. (Arab., for the common
the charge home. Also of (2) the mnimuzi.)
charge or cartridge itself. (Cf. Mshituko, n. {mi-). See Mshtuko.
shinda, shindilia, and hiasi.) Mshona, Mshoni, u. {wa-), one
Mshindio, n. {mi-), (1) the work- —
who sews, always a man in Z ,a tailor. .

ing of the woof or weft across the warp Mshona viatu, mshoni wa viatu a y

{mtande) in weaving; (2) the woof sandal-maker, a shoemaker. (Cf.

itself. Used also of the interlacing shona, and follg.)
of plaited leaf strips {mashupahi) to Mshono, n. {mi-), sewing, seam,
—
form a bedstead {kitanda), mshindio suture. Knnga mshono, sew a seam.
wa mashupahi. (Cf. shinda, and (Cf. shona, ushoni, prec, and hunga.)
prec, also mfumo for weaving.) *Mshtaka, n. {mi-), charge, ac-
Mshindo,n. (w/-),used to describe cusation, complaint. Fanya mshtaka,
any act (process, effect), characterized prosecute. (Cf. shtaki, and follg.,
by suddenness, force, violence, &c, and ddwa.)
and so translated variously as ' shock, *Msh.taki, n. {wa-), accuser, prose-
blow, stroke, explosion, noise, bang, cutor, plaintiff. (See Shtaki, and
sensation, burst, thump, crash, out- prec, and cf. dai.)
break, tumult, uproar,' &c. Mshindo *Mshubiri, n. {mi-), an aloe.
wa ngurumo, peal of thunder. Ngoma (Cf. also subiri, sibiri.)
ya mishindo saba, a drum with seven Mshuko, n. {mi-), (1) descent,
notes. Ikawa mshindo ?nkubwa coming down, an incline (2) coming ;

kalika inchi, there was a general to end, conclusion. Used of the time
rising throughout the land. Also of of coming away from the mosque
a report, rumour, news of a thrilling after any of the usual prayers.
or sensational kind. Mshindo wa Mshuko wa jua {wa magaribi), time
miguu, tramp of feet. (Cf. shinda, of twilight, just after sunset, 6 to
and prec, and dim. kishindo.) 6.30 p.m. (Cf. shuka.)
Mshipa, n. {mi-), used rather *Mshumaa, {mi-),
n. candle.
vaguely of minor organs of the body See Meshmaa. (Ar.)
not commonly distinguished by *Mshurutisho, n. {mi-), a com-
natives, blood-vessel, nerve, vein, pelling, a compulsion, moral pressure.
artery, and of any pain, ache, disease (Ar. Cf. sharti, shuruti.)
or affection of them, —ache, swelling, *Msiba, n. {mi-), (1) calamity,
throbbing, fullness of blood. E.g. misfortune, untoward accident, dis-
mshipa unampiga fimdo, there is a aster ; (2) sorrow, distress of mind,
knot (obstruction, clot) in his vein, grief ; (3) formal mourning, outward
of aneurism, &c. Alarathiya mshipa, signs of sorrow, &c. Used of war,
neuralgic pain, sciatica, and similar famine, sickness, and minor calami-
pains. Mshipa unamtambaa mwili- ties. Msiba mkuu {mkubwa, mgumii),
a great disaster. Fanya {ona, ingia,
ni, of creeping shooting pains in diff-
erent parts of the body. M. inapiga pata, &c), m., take to heart, grieve
{inapuma, inatukiitika), the vein, or (over). Muungu hushasha msiba
 MSIBU 249 MSOMESHI
kwao watenda maovti, God sends head, director, manager, superinten-
down calamities on evil-doers. dent, steward, foreman. (Cf.
Kwenda kupa mkono wa msiba, go simama, and also nokoa, kadamu.)
and make a visit of condolence, offer Msimulizi, n. {wa-), one who
sympathy, inquire after, — after a reports, narrates, gives an account,
funeral, misfortune, &c. Akakaa tells a story, recounts news, news-
msiba wa mamaye, he observed the man. (Cf. stimtilia.)
usual mourning for his mother. Msindikizo, n. {mi-), act of
Ikhva jtimbe amekufa, ukaanguka escorting, escort, cortege, retinue.
msiba mkubwa mno wa ajabu, when (Cf. sindikiza, sindika.)
a chief dies, it means the occurrence *Msingefuri, n. {mi-), the anatta
of a very great and exceptional plant. (Cf. singefuri.)
demonstration of sorrow. (Ar. Msinji, n. {mi-), also Msingi,
Cf. masaibn, sibu, and follg.) a trench, ditch, cutting made in the
*Msibu, n. {wa-), one who causes ground, e.g. round a house for
trouble, distress, &c. (Ar. Cf. carrying off water, &c, but esp. of
sibu, and prec.) the foundation for a stone house.
*Msifu, n. {wa-), verbal of sifu, Piga {weka) msinji, lay a foundation.
one who praises, recommends, flatters. (Perh. mzingi, and conn, with zinga,
Msifu mno, a gross flatterer, toady, zunguka, &c.)
parasite. (Cf. sifu, si/a.) *Msiri, n. {wa-), a confidential
Msijana, n. {wa-), young unmar- (intimate, bosom) friend, confidential
ried person of either sex, from ten to agent (adviser, counsellor). (Ar.
twenty-five years of age. (Not usual Cf. siri, and mskauri, mkunga.)
in Z. Cf. kijana. Perh. m-si-jana, Msisimizi, n.See Mzizimizi.
i.e.one who is not a child. Cf. Msisimuko, {mi-), and Mzi-
n.
msikwao.) zirn'ko, a startling, nervous excite-
*Msikiti, n. mosque. See Mos- ment, irritation, stimulation. (Cf.
kiti. (Ar.) sisima, zizimua, and syn. mshtuko.)
Msikizi, n. {wa-), one who hears, Msitamu, n. {mi-), keelson or
heeds, obeys, and so (i) an auditor, inner keel, to which the foot of the
hearer, listener, one who attends a mast and ribs of a vessel are secured.
class or meeting ; (2) a follower, dis- (Cf. mkuku, keel, and ckombo.)
ciple, adherent, a teachable, obedient Msitiri, n. {mi-), and Msetiri.
person, good pupil, good servant. See Mstiri.
Mwenyezi Mngu ni
mjuzi wa
msikizi na Msitu, n. ( — and ? mi-), land
,

killa kitu, Almighty covered with thick bushes, under-

God sees and hears everything. growth, small trees. Sometimes
Natafuta watu wasikizi, I am msitu wa miti, forest, but mwitu
looking for people to listen to my is usual in this sense.
case. (Cf. -sikia, -sikifu, sikio.) Msizi, n. (mi-), a plant from
Msikwao, n. {wa-), one who has which a black dye or ink is made.
no home, a vagrant, a wanderer {si (Cf. masizi. Dist. mzizi, a rootlet.)
kwao). (Cf. mkiwa.) *Msomari, n. {mi-), also Msu-
Msilimu, n. {wa-). See Mwi- mari, Mismasi, a nail, large pin,
slamu. or anything similar in appearance or
Msimamizi, n. {wa-), lit. one use. Msomariwaparafujo, a screw.
who causes to stand, or stands over, (Ar.)
i. an overseer, overlooker, esp. the
e. — Msomeshi, n. {wa-), a teacher,
headman of a plantation, or of a instructor, reader, esp. one who
caravan. Also generally, responsible |
teaches and leads Mahommedan
 MSOMO 250 MSUKI
devotions. (Cf. soma, and follg. *Mstarehe, n. state of rest, repose,
Also mwalimu, mkufunzi.) calm, — esp. in the phraseraha msta-
Msomo, n. (mi-), (i) reading, the rehe, i.e. absolute, complete repose.
act (method, means, &c.) of reading, (Cf. starehe, -starehefn, raha, titulivu,
repeating a lesson ; (2) study, subject kimya, and tnstiri.)
of study, lesson, lesson-book. (Cf. *Mstari, n. (mi-), a line, an ex-
soma, somo.) tended stroke, a line ruled or marked,
Msonde, n. (mi-), a kind of drum, a row. Piga mstari, draw a line.
—
long and of large size, also called (Ar. Cf. safu, mfiw, alama.)
gogo. (Cf. ngoma.) *Mstiri, n. (wa-), (1) for mshtiri,
Msonge, n. and adv. (something) a customer, a buyer (Arab.). (2)
stirred, twisted, compressed, mud- (with variants msetiri, msitiri), one
dled, jumbled. Maneno haya ni who conceals, a hider, one who
msongesonge, these words are all covers, veils, disguises. (Ar. Cf.
jumbled together, confused. P'or stiri,jicha.)
mnyonge msonge see Mnyonge. *Msuaki, n. (mi-), a twig of a
(Cf. songa, and follg. The -e is fibrous shrub, the end of which is
a passive ending.) chewed and used rubbing and
for
Msongi, n. (wa-), one who stirs, cleaning the teeth, a tooth-stick, a
twists, presses, &c. Msongi wa nyele, tooth-brush. Often a twig of the
a hairdresser, who arranges the hair mzambarau. (Ar. tooth-pick.)
in folds (cf. ?nsnsi wa nyele, one who *Msufi, n. (mi-), the cotton-tree
plaits the hair). (Cf. songa, and (Eriodendron anfractuosuni). (Cf.
prec.) sitfi, and dist. mpa?7iba, the cotton
Msongo, n. (mi-), a stirring, plant, a small shrub.)
twisting, plaiting, compressing, Msuka, n. (1) (wa-), verbal of
muddling, &c. (Cf. songa, kisongo, suka, one who plaits, &c.
; (2)
(mi-),
and prec, and syn. ??isuko.) the spike of a native hoe (jembe), —
Msonyo, n. (mi-), and Msono, the part of the iron head which passes
a whistling sound, made with the through and is fixed in the handle
teeth as well as the lip, to attract (kipini). See Jembe.
notice or express contempt. Piga *Msukani, n. (wz-),also Sukani,
(vuta) msonyo, give a whistle. (Cf. TJsukani, rudder, and steering gear
sonya, and fyonya, also mwtinzi, in general, of a boat or ship. The
ttbinja, and koroma.) tiller or handle is called kana the ;

Mstadi, n. (wa-), a skilled work- tiller-rope, rudder-line, ujari (plur.

man, one who knows his trade. njari) the steersman, mshiki msu-;

(Cf. fundi, waria, mbingwa.) kani or rubani; a steering wheel,

*Mstafeli, n. (mi-), a fruit tree cherehe (or gnriidumii) ya msukani.
commonly called 7ntopetope, and some- (Hind. Cf. shikio.)
times mtomoko, custard-apple tree. Msukano, n. (mi-) and Msuka-
There are several varieties known in wano, part of the drill (keke) used for
Z., e.g. mstafeli wa kizungu, bearing boring hard woods by native car-
the fruit called sour-sop,' mst. wa penters, viz. the shaft and barrel
'

Ajjemi, bearing the bullock's heart.' carrying the iron bit or boring tool.
'

There is also an mst. iva mwitu, or See Keke.

' wild
custard-apple.' (Cf. tope- Msuki, n. (wa-), also Msusi, one
tope}) who plaits, &c. See Suka. M. wa
*Mstaki, n. (wa-). See Mshtaki. nyele, a professional or skilled hair-
*Mstamu, n. (mi-). See Msi- dresser. M. wa vikapo, a basket
tamu. maker.
 MSUKO 251 MTAMBA
Msuko, n. {mi-), act (process, *Mtaalamu, n.{wa-), an educated,
style, &c.) of plaiting, a plait. Also learned, well-instructed person, a
of snaking, e.g. of a ship at sea. scholar, a sage. (Ar. Cf. elimii,
(Verbal ot suka, in all its meanings.) and syn. mwana vyno.)
*Msuluhishi, n. {wa-), a peace- *Mtabiri, n. {wa-), one who an-
maker, a reconciler, one who brings nounces or foretells events, a prophet,
to terms, arranges a bargain, ends a a soothsayer. (Ar. Cf. tabiri,
quarrel, &c. (Ar. Cf. suluhisha, /uebiri, and nabii.)
-suluhifu, and syn. mpatanishi.) Mtafara, n. {mi-), crupper, the—
Msumeno, n. {mi-), a sawing tool, cord used to fasten the saddle to the
a saw. Piga m., use a saw. Kata tail (Sac).
kwa m., cut with a saw, i.e. pasua. Mtai, n. (mi-), a scratch, a slight
Various kinds are m. wa kitanda, cut. Piga mtai, make a scratch,
—
frame-saw, large ones being used scarify. (Cf. papura, chora, toja,
as pit-saws, and for plank cutting. piga, tikucha, also mfuo.)
M. wa kamba, a fret-saw. M. wa Mtaimbo, n. {mi-), also Mta-
jambeni, a saw with two saw edges. limbo, an iron crowbar, lever, bar.
(Cf. Kx.jambei two-sided. kX^oki-su, Mtajiri, n. (wa-). See Tajiri.
ji-su, whence perh. tn-su with meno, Mtaka, n. (wa-), one who wants,
i.e. a toothed or serrated knife.) asks, begs, needs, &c. See Taka, v.
*Msunobari, n. {mi-), pine-tree, Mtaka yote Jmkorayoie, he who begs
fir-tree, deal,— timber imported in for everything gets nothing. (Cf.
quantities to Z. chiefly from Norway. mtashi, mwombaji!)
It is rapidly destroyed by white ants. Mtakaso, n. cleansing, a thing
(Ar. and Hind.) cleaned (cf. takasa). Also ? a rustl-
—
Msuruaki, n. {mi-), the wooden ing, rustle, perh. a variant of mcha-
peg on a kind of clog {mtalawanda) kacho (which see).
used by women indoors, passing Mtalawanda, n. (mi-), also Mtaa-
between the toes and so holding the wanda, (i) a tree supplying a light
clog on the foot. wood, from which clogs are made in
Msusi, n. {wa) for Msuki (which Z. Hence also (2) a wooden clog,
see). (Dist. mzuzil) i. e. kiatu cha mti. (Cf. kiatu.)
Msusu, n. {mi-), name of a tree. Mtali, n. (mi-), an anklet, bangle.
Msuto, n. {mi-) and Msutu, a (Cf. fiirungu, and for other orna-
large piece of coloured calico, often ments urembo.)
used as a screen or partition in a Mtama, n. (mi-), millet, Kaffir
native house, — —
more commonly ki- corn, sorghum, a food staple in
sutu, a piece of coloured calico worn many districts near Z. Mtama
as a woman's dress. (Cf. nguo, mtindi, young half-grown millet.
kisutu.) Mtama tete, millet with grain formed
Msuzo, n. {mi-) and Msuso, handle but not fully ripe. The stalk is bua
of wood by which the upper stone is (ma-), and of a sweet kind kota (ma-).
turned, in grinding grain between two Various kinds are known as felefele,
stones. kipaje, kibakuli, fumbii, &c. (Ar.
*Mtaa, n. {mi-), division of a town, taam, food, c&rn of any kind. For
quarter, district, parish. Kaa mtaa other kinds cf. tiwele, tilezi, uwimbi,
mmoja, live in the same district, ngano, shayiri, kimanga, mc/iete.)
be neighbours. (Cf. syn. fimgu, Mtamba, n. (wa-), a female ani-
se/iemu, upande.) mal that has not yet borne young.
*Mtaala, n. study, practice, read- Mt. wa ng'ombe, a heifer. (Cf.
ing. (Ar. Cf. taali, and soma.) mfarika^)
 —
MTAMBAAZI 252 MTEMA
Mtambaazi, n. {wa-), any crawl- strolling about, idling (see Tanga,
ing creature, insect or reptile. (Cf. and prec). (2) the plant producing
-tanibaa, -tambaazi, utambaazi, and the tango, a kind of cucumber used
tiririka,— used of the gliding of as a vegetable.
snakes, i. e. without feet.) Mtangulizi, n. {wa-), one who
Mtambo, n. {mi-), a trap with goes before, leads the way, is pre-
a spring-action. Hence of any simi- eminent or first in anything, and so
lar contrivance or machine with a leader, ringleader, herald, fore-
movement. Mtambo wa bunduki, runner, predecessor. (Cf. tangulia,
the lock (or, action) of a gun. Tega and syn. takadamu.)
mtambo, set a trap. Mtambo wa taa, Mtani, n. {wa-), one of a family,
a clock (or, watch) spring. (Cf. clan, or tribe, a kinsman, a rela-
tamba, tambo, kitambo, utambo, tion, — but not nearer than a cousin
tambi, tambaa, &c, — differing in on the father's side. (Cf. zitani.)
meaning, but perh. with same root.) Mtapo, n. {mi-), name of a plant,
Mtambuu, n. {mi-), the shrub a kind of Cycad. Also verbal n. of
—
which produces the betel-leaf, in tapa, shivering.
great request for chewing at Z. See Mtasbihi, n. {mi-), a kind of reed.
Tambuu, Uraibu. Mtashi, n. {wa-),.an earnest, im-
Mtambuzi, n. {wa-), a knowing, portunate suppliant, one whose mind
clever, well-informed, intelligent per- is set on an object, an urgent pleader.
son. (Cf. tambua, utambuzi, and i^Cf. taka, v., and syn. mwombaji.)
tamba.) Mtata, n. {mi-), name of a plant.
Mtanda, n. (wa-), verbal oi tanda, Mtatago, n. {mi-), a tree placed
one who spreads, &c. See Tanda, so as to bridge or dam a stream, i. e.
and follg. mti wa kukingamisha magogo mtoni.
Mtande, n. {mi-), lit. something (Cf. ulalo.)
spread or stretched out. Hence used Mtatio, Mtatizo, n. {mi-), a coil-
of (i) a frame of sticks, or a line on ing (of cord), winding (of thread),
which clothes, &c. are hung to dry. an entanglement. (Cf. tata, tatiza.)
Also of a weaver's loom, more accu- *Mta'wa, n. {wa-), (1) one who
rately called kitanda cha mfumi. (2) stays at home, keeps indoors, and so
strip of flesh, or fish, hung up to dry (2) one who leads a moral self-con-
in the sun or by the fire. Also of trolled life, a recluse, a devout re-
the threads of the warp in a loom, ligious person. (? Ar. Cf. tawa,
the woof being mshindio. (Cf. close up, ntawa. In (2) sense, the
tanda, and follg.) sound of a seems prolonged, and is
Mtando, n. {mi-), a spreading, written sometimes mtaawa, mtaowa,
y

a stretching out, &c. Also of what mta wa.)

is spread out. (Cf. tanda, and Mtawanya, n. {wa-), one who
prec.) scatters, and so, one who spends
Mtanga, n. {wa-), one who wan- freely, an open-handed, liberal per-
ders idly and aimlessly about, an son. (Cf. tawanya, and syn.
idler, loafer, common tourist, vaga- karimu, mpaji.)
bond, tramp. So also Mtangatanga. Mtazamo, n. {mi-), looking, gaz-
(Cf. tanga, mtango, kitanga, and ing. See Tazama.
syn. mtembezi, ?npuzi.) Mtego, n. {mi-), a trap, snare,
—
Mtangazi, n. {wa-), one who gin, used of all kinds of devices for
makes generally known, proclaims, snaring animals and birds. Tega
divulges. (Cf. tangaa.) mtego, set a trap. (Cf. -tega.)
Mtango, n. {mi-), (1) a loitering, Mtema, Mtemi, n. {wa-), verbal
 MTEMBEZI 253 MTI
who spits, one who cuts.
of tenia, one Mtepetevu, n. (wa-), a slack, re-
See Tema, and Mtemo. miss, do-nothing person. (Cf. -te-
Mtembezi, n. (wa-), (i) from petevu, tctepetevti.)
tembea, one who walks about for Mteremezi, (wa-), a kindly,
n.
pleasure or exercise rather than busi- genial, person, who sets
friendly
ness, an idler, a pleasure-seeker, a others at their ease. (Cf. terema,
tourist, &c.,e.g. mtembezi ala mignu
,
and follg., -kunjtifu, changa??i ka.)
yake, one who travels for pleasure, Mteremo, n. (mi-), cheerfulness,
lives off his own feet; (2) from happiness,comfort, relief from trouble.
tembeza, mtembezi
e. g. wa bithaa, (Cf. terema, and prec.)
one who hawks goods about for sale, Mtesi, n. (wa-), one who causes
a pedlar, a commercial traveller. trouble or annoyance, a persecutor,
(Cf. tembea, tanga, zunguka.) opponent, enemy, a quarrelsome or
Mtemo, n. (mi-), (1) cutting; litigious person. (Cf. tesa, teso.)
(2) spitting, i. e. mtemo wa mate. Mtete, n. (mi-), a reed. (Cf.
See Tema. kitete, tinyasi, mwanzi, btia.)
Mtendaji, n. (wa-), an active Mtetemo, n. (mi-), shaking, trem-
(energetic, enterprising, pushing) per- bling, shuddering, shivering, quak-
son. (Cf. tenda, kitendo, titendaji, ing. Mtetemo wa inchi, earthquake.
Sec.) Mt. wa meno, chattering of the teeth.
Mtende, n. (mi-), a
date-palm, (Cf. tetema, tetemeko, and syn. mti-
producing the fruit tende. Not nu- kiso, msuko.)
merous in Z., dates being imported Mteua, n. (wa-), verbal of teua,
from Arabia. one who chooses, criticizes, picks and
Mtendo, n. (mi-), a doing, mode chooses. Mteua mno huangukia
of acting, performing, accomplishing. mbovu, the dainty person is sure to
(Cf. tenda, kitendo, utendaji.) find (his food) bad. (Cf. teua, and
Mtenga, n. (wa-), verbal of tenga follg.)
(which see), one who separates, &c. Mteule, n. (wa-), one who is
Mtengo, n. (mi-), a separating, a chosen, selected, picked out, and so
dividing See Tenga.
off, &c. choice, of high quality or character.
Mtengwa, n. (wa-), one who is (Cf. teua, -teule, mteuzi, and prec.)
divided off, separated, put aside, set Mteuzi, n. (wa-), like Mteua, a
apart, devoted (to a work or occupa- dainty person, a critic, an eclectic, a
tion. (Cf. tenga.) connoisseur, e.g. mtenzi haachi tamaa,
Mtenzi, n. (wa-), one who does i. e. a critic is never satisfied. (Cf.
things, carries on work, follows a teua, and prec, and syn. mchaguzi.)
trade or occupation, &c. M. wa *Mthalimu, n. (wa-), an unjust,
mashairi (wa maneno), one who tyrannical person, an oppressor, des-
makes poetry (stories), a poet, an pot, persecutor, defrauder, &c. (Ar.
author. M. wa kazi, an active, Cf. t/zaiimu, uthalimu, tkulumu.)
hard-working person. (Cf. tenda, *Mthamini, (wa-), a surety,
n.
utenzi.) trustee, one who goes bail for another,
Mtepe, a native sailing
n. (mi-), a hostage, guarantor. (Ar. Cf.
vessel, with a very long projecting thamini, tnamt&za.)
prow, upright mast, and square mat- Mti, n. {mi-), (1) a tree, of any —
ting sail. Constructed with wooden kind and in any state; (2) tree-
pegs and cord, at coast towns north of material, i.e. wood, timber; (3) a
—
Mombasa, Patta, Lamu, &c, and tree, or part of a tree, prepared for
used by the Wagunyu in their trading
voyages. (Cf. chombo, dau.)
use,
ya
— pole,wooden
mti, a
post, palisade. Merikebu
ship. Nyumba ya
 ;

MTI 254 MTONDOO

mti, a house of timber, a wooden kassi, the river runs swiftly. Vuka
house. Nyumba ya miti, a house mto, cross a river. Kata mto, go up-
built with poles. Mti kati, a post stream. Fuata mto, go down-stream.
to which a prisoner is secured by Mto haupitiki, the river is impass-
fetters on his feet. (Cf. mkatale.) able. (Cf. jito, kijito, also juto,
(Cf. kijiti, uti, and ubau, plank, and uto, mfo.)
sawn timber, nguzo, boriti. Lists of Mtoa, Mtoaji, n. (wa-), verbal of
trees may be found in Sacleux, toa, in all its senses, one who gives,
Dictionnaire Franc. -Swahili, Appen- removes, &c. See Toa. Mtoaji
dix, and for British Central Africa in kahawa, one who serves coffee.
Johnston's British Central Africa, Mtobwe, n. (mi-), a tree from
p. 227, first ed.) which a favourite kind of walking-
—
Mti, n. ( ). —
Marathi ya mti, stick is made, white, and possessing
tiwele wa mti, denotes sores of a the quality of bending and keeping
scrofulous or gangrenous kind. any curve it is bent to, like lead.
*Mtii, n. (wa-), an obedient (sub- (Cf. bakora,Jimbo.)
missive, docile) person. (Ar. Cf. Mtofaa, n. (mi-), a fruit-tree, with
tit, titii, to* a.) an apple-like fruit, tofaa (Jambosa
Mtikiti, n. (mi-), the plant pro- Malaccensis, Sac), jamrack.
ducing the water-melon, tikiti. —
Mtoki, n. ( ), painful swelling
—
Mtima, n. (mi-), heart, seldom in the groin, usually accompanied by
used in modern Swahili, for moyo. fever.

—
Mtindi, n. ( ), buttermilk, also— Mtokoso, n. (mi-), (1) act (con*
described as mtindi wa maziwa, or dition) of boiling; (2) rice boiled
maziwa ya mtindi. (Cf. -tindi.) —
and dried, so sold in shops. (Cf.
Mtindo, n. (mi-), (1) sort, shape, chemka.)
size, pattern, cut; (2) a special sort, Mtombo, n. (mi-), and ? Mtembo,
a good kind, extra quality (3) con- (1) the heart or centre of the sprout-
;

clusion, end. Nguo hii ya m., this ing shoot of a palm-tree, cocoanut or
is a special (unusual, superfine) calico other (cf. kilele, moyo). (2) painful
(dress, fabric). Mwanangn ni m. cracks and sores caused by the buba
wa yule, my son is just like him. disease, esp. on the soles of the feet.
M. wa kusi, the end of the (season Mtomo, n. (mi-), solidity (firm-
of the) south wind. (Cf. kitinda, ness, strength, good workmanship)
ti?uiika. Perh. same as chinja, in building (Str.). (Cf. totnea, and
?nchinjo, i.e. (i) a cutting; (2) cut, syn. itnara, nthabiti.)
shape (3) cutting off, end.)
;
Mtomoko, n. (mi-), a fruit-tree of
*Mtini, n. (mi-), a fig-tree, the the same class as the custard-apple
fruit being tini. (The wild fig is (mtopetope).
mvumo.) Mtomondo, n. (mi-), a fruit-tree
Mtipitipi, n. (mi-), name of a of the same class as the mtofaa, —
climbing plant, or creeper. (Dist. a Baringtonia, bearing the fruit to-
tipitipi, a bird.) mondo.
Mto, n. (mito), (1) a river, small Mtondo, n. (mi-), the third day
or large, rivulet, brook, stream, &c. following, — the series being leo, to-
(2) creek, inlet, estuary, arm of the day, kesho, to-morrow, kesho kuchwa,
sea, i. e. mto wa bahari; (2) a cushion, the day after to-morrow, then
pillow. Mto wa kono, a branching mtondo, the third day. The fourth
river, delta. Mto mkavu, a river bed, day is called mtondo goo, or kushinda
dry channel. Mkonowa mto, affluent, mtondo.
branch of a river. Mto zaaenda Mtondoo, n. (mi-), a large tree,
 —

MTONGOZI 255 MTU

bearing the fruit tondoo, with a seed the drawer of a table ; m. wa kasha, a
rich in oil, Calophylltwi Inophyl- shelf or inner compartment in a box;
lum. m. wa kitasa, a ward of a lock ; wa
m.
Mtongozi, n. (wa-), one who
mto, tributary of a river;
tries m. wa
to attract seduce), e.g. by pa?-afujo, the worm (thread) of a
(allure,
words, signs, dress, &c, a seducer. screw ;;/. wa randa, the iron used to;

(Cf. tongoza, kitongo, utongozi.) stiffen the cutting-iron in a plane.

Mtopetope, n. (mi-), the small (Cf. kitoto, toto, kijana, and syn.
tree which bears the custard-apple, mwana.)
topetope. Another variety is mtope- Mtoza, n. (wa-), verbal of toa
tope-mwitu. (tozd), one who causes to pay, an
Mtoria, (mi-), a kind of Lan-
n. exactor, &c. Mtoza tishuru, a col-
dolphia, producing india-rubber, and lector of taxes.
an edible fruit (kitoria). (Cf. Mtu, n. (wa-), (1) a person, a
mbungo.) human being, an individual, one of
Mtoro, (wa-), (i)
n. a runaway the human race, a man (2) a depen- ;

slave, a truant; (2) highwayman, dant, servant, slave, follower, ad-

robber, bandit. (Cf. toroka.) herent. E.g. mtu mume (or mme),
Mtoto, n. (wa-), implies generally mtu a male, mke, a female, more —
what is (A) in an early stage of commonly mwanaume, mwanamke.
development, or (B) in a subordinate Mtu wangu, one of my servants
position, and includes the following (slaves). Mtu wa nani? Who does
meanings. A. child, young per- he belong to? Mtugani? Of what
son, offspring, offshoot, descendant. tribe is he? Si mtu, not a man, no
E. g. m. mwanaume (mttme, wa one. Hakuna mtu, there is no one,
kiume), male child, son, boy. M. nobody. Mtu and watu are used
viwanamke (wakike, mke), a female to point a number of contrasts, each
child, daughter, girl. An mtoto re- illustrating the content of the idea.
mains so till the age of about 7 years, Thus (1) mtu, si watte, one person,
or about 15 years, —
next becoming not many persons. (2) mtu, si ny-
a kijana (see Ki j ana) M. mchanga,
. ama, a human being, not a beast.
a very young child, a baby. The (3) mtu, si kitu, a living personality,
offspring of any animal is called not a chattel. (4) mtu, a mere man,
mtoto, e. g. m. wa ngombe, a calf; a man as isolated and helpless.
m. wa mbuzi, a kid m. wa kuku, ; Nimekuwa mtu tu, of one conscious
a chicken. For offshoot of plants of his own existence only, ignorant of
cf. watoto wa mgomba, the young all his surroundings, I was a simple
'

shoots springing from the roots of
a banana. Mtoto is also used of
morbid growths, e. g. mtoto wa
jicho, of a growth near the eye. But
cf. B. B. (1) dependant, sub-
ordinate, follower, servant, ward,
member of a household in relation to
its head. This sense is quite irre-
spective of age. (2)
extended to inanimate objects of
sorts, whose function of a sub-
ordinate kind, but in this case it is
sometimes treated as a mi- noun, i. e.
with plur. mitoto, e. g.
nonentity.' (5) mtu, a man as pos-
sessed of intrinsic worth, e. g. sisi
hatukuwa watte mbele yao, we did
not count as men in their eyes. (6)
mtu, in an emphatic sense, a person
of rank, importance and considera-
tion, e. g. mtoto wa watte, a well-
born (well-connected) child, a child
Mtoto is also of people of position. (7) watu,
all people in general, the average man ;
is tnimi mtu kama watu, I am a com-
mon man. (8) watu, other people,
as distinct from the self, esp. as to
m. wa meza, ownership, e. g. kweitda kwiba tango
 —
MTULINGA 256 MTUNGO
la watu, to go and steal other Mtumwa, n. (wa-), one who is
people's cucumbers. Fetha hit ya employed or sent, but usually in the
watu, this money is not mine. (9) special sense a bond-servant, slave,
watu, public opinion, society. Watu one who is the property of another.
husema hivi, it is a common (popu- Contr. bwana, the master, owner of
lar, general) opinion. (10) mtu is slaves, and mngwana, a freedman, or
often used to denote the possession of one who has never been a slave
a certain attribute, or condition, e. g. (see Utumwa). E.g. mtumwa
tukawa watu wa kufa tit, we were mwema nakawa hesabu yake nguo
as good as dead (entirely at the mbili na bunduki moja, a stout, good-
mercy of an enemy, or mortally looking slave cost two lengths of
wounded). Si mtu wa kwenda naye, calico and a gun, i. e. an average—
he is not a man to go with, a fit com- price in the interior in past years.
panion. (Cf. utu, kitu, jitUf ki- Mtumwa wa shamba, a plantation
jitu, and syn. mwana Adamu, bin slave, mostly engaged in cultivation.
Adamu.) Mtumwa wa nyumbani, a domestic
Mtulinga, n. (mi-), the collar- employed in his master's house.
slave,
bone, i. e. mfupa wa bega. For various descriptions of slave
Mtumba, n. {mi-), also Tumba, see mbwaha, kitwana, mja/eazi, ki-
(1) a bale, bag, or bundle, e. g. of jakazi, suria, mzalia, nitor0, mjoli,
cloth or other goods, made up as kijoli, teka, mjinga, mstaarabu.
a load for a caravan-porter, and so (Cf. tuma, tume, mtume, mtumishi
(2) in general, a load, a man's bur- mtumwaji, utumwa.)
den. (Cf. ttimba, tumbo, ? tumbi, Mtumwaji, n. {wa-), one who
syn. mzigo, mfuko, robota.) is regularly employed, or sent, an
Mtumbuizi, n. {wa-), one who agent, a messenger, i. e. mtumwa,
soothes (consoles, cheers) the pain or without the limitation to slaves.
sorrow of another, esp. by singing. (Cf. tuma, and prec.)
(Cf. tumbuiza, and syn. fariji, tuliza.) Mtunduizi, n. (wa-), a spy, a
Mtumbwi, n. {mi-), a native scout. (Cf. tunduia, and syn.
canoe, made all in one piece of a mpelelezi.)
dug-out tree-trunk, often a hollowed Mtungi, n. (mi-), an earthen pit-
log of the mango tree, without out- cher, —
the commonest kind of water-
riggers, but sometimes with a small jar in Z. of this baked earthenware,
mast and sail. (CLtumbua, tumbo, mostly plain and made by hand in
tumba, and for other kinds of boat the island, but also imported with
galawa, dau, mashua.) colour and ornamentation. Water-
Mtume, n. {wa-), one who is em- jars of various shapes and kinds are
ployed or sent, a messenger, an emis-balasi, kasiki, kuzi,gudulia. (Cf.
sary. But in Z. especially of Ma- tunga, tztngi, and follg. Also
homet, i. e. the Apostle, and also of chombo.)
the chief characters of the Old Tes- Mtungo, n. (mi-), a. putting to-
tament, Moses, Job, and others. gether, arranging in a row (and in
Tume is used in the more general other senses of tunga, v.), also of
sense. (Cf. tuma, tume, utume, things put together in a row. Used
utumwa, and follg.) esp. of fish, mtungo wa samaki,
Mtumishi, n. {wa-), a paid ser- or mtungo only, a string or stick
vant, hired domestic, house-servant, of fish, i. e. fish on a string or stick.
not so general as tujue, or so limited Mtungo mkubwa, a great lot (haul,
as mtumwa. (Cf. tuma, and prec, catch) of fish. (Cf. tunga, utungo,
and syn. boi, mwandiski.) also tanda, panga.)
 — —
MTUNGUJA 257 MUKADISHA
Mtunguja, n. (mi-), name of a better muwa (which see); (2)(waud),
shrub, a kind of Solatium, with an verbal form from ua, v., one who
edible fruit. kills, — better mwua (which see), or
Mtupa, n. {mi-), a kind of Eu- muua.
phorbia, very poisonous. (Cf. Muaa, n. (miaa, miyaa). See
utuf>a.) Also verbal n. of lupa, one Mwaa.
who throws. *Muda, n. (no plur. used), space
Mtutumo, n. (mi-), a low distant of time, period, set term, fixed inter-
roll or rumbling sound, as of thunder, val. M. wa, for the space of, during.
an earthquake, waterfall, boiling M. kitambo, a short time. M.
water, &c. (Cf. tutuma, and mznna, a considerable time, full
perh. tetema.) time. Baniani a??ie?npa muda mi-
Mtwaa, n. (wa-), one who takes, ezi mitatu amlipe, the Banian gave
or carries off. Ndiye mtivaa watu, him a term of three months for pay-
it is he who carries off people, i. e. ment. (Ar. Cf. follg. and syn.
the angel of death. (Verbal of twaa.) muhttlla, wakati, majira, ?iafasi.)
Mtwango, n. (mi-), act (place, or *Mudu, v. stretch, extend. Sel-
manner, &c.) of pounding with pes- dom except in Rf. form jimudu,
tle and mortar. Also the pounding stretch oneself, move one's limbs,
instrument, a wooden pestle, usually as a sick person recovering or for
mchi. (Cf. twanga.) relief. (Ar. Cf. muda, of time,
Mtweto, n. (mi-), panting, gasp- and syn.ji-nyosha.)
ing. (Cf. tweta.) *Muhashamu, a. a complimentary
Mu-, (i) is a prefix appearing in a title in the Arabic fashion of begin-
few demonstrative adverbs, hamu, ning a letter, honoured. (Ar. Cf.
mumu, mumo, mle (for mule), with heshimu, heshima, and see Dibaji.)
the meaning in here, in there,' and
'
*Muhebbi, n. and a., also Mu-
corresponds generally to ku in simi- hebu, Mohebb, beloved friend,
lar uses. (See Ku, 3. (2).) It is dear, affectionate, —
used like Muha-
more common in the relative form shamu. (Ar. Ci.habba, and prec.)
mo, which is also a demonstrative of Muhindi, n. (1) (Wahindi), a
reference or relative distance. (See native of India, but in Z. especially
Mo, and -o.) It is also identical a Mahommedan from East India (as
with m
in forms like mna, mnamo, distinct from the non-Mahommedan
there is (in there) (see M-), i. e. Hindoos called Banians) (2) (mi-), ;

a demonstrative pfx. of general refer- Indian corn plant. See Mhindi.

ence with the special idea of interior- Muhogo, n. (mihogo), the cassava
ity, or being inside. (2) is used in plant. See Mhogo.
some cases for the noun-pfx. m *Muhtasari, n. ( — ), abridgement,
(which see), especially before a u abstract, summary, list of contents,
following, as Mutmgu, muumishi, precis. (Ar.)
or before another m
in mume, though *Muhulla, n. ( — ), space of time,
the change represents no important period, interval. (Ar. Cf. syn.
difference of sound. Some foreign muda.)
inhabitants of Zanzibar, however,
e.g. the Goanese, regularly pro-
*Muhuri, a. ( — ),
Tia m.,
seal, signet,
crest, armorial
bearing.
nounce the #z-pfx. as mti, e. g. mutu, seal, set seal to, confirm, sign. (Ar.)
muti, for mtu, mti. (3) appears as Mui, n. better muwi, miwi (which
mw in mwa, as kw for ku in kwa. see).
See -a. Mukadisha, Mukdesha, n. a town
Mua, n. (1) (miwa), sugar-cane, on the Somali coast, north of Zanzi-
 MTJLIKA 258 MUUNGU
Barawa, Merka,
bar, formerly (with munya, v., same meaning as mu-
Warsheikh) under the Sultan, now munya (which see).
in the Italian sphere. Mtmyi, n. a variant of mwenyi,
Mulika, v. shine, gleam, throw used in the sing, as a title, chief.
(make, show) a light. Akumulikaye See Mwenyi.
mckana, hukunguza usiku, who lights Munyu, n. (no plur.), salt, in-
you by day, sets fire to you by night. crustation. (Cf. chunyu, chumvi,
Ap. mulik-ia, -iwa, bring a light for, nyunyo.)
make a light with, help with a light. Muo, n. (mtuo), (1) a great killing,
E. g. nimulikie chini, light me down- a slaughter, a massacre (cf. ua, v.).
stairs. Cs. mulik-isha, -ishwa. Also (2) a wooden stake used to dig up
(Cf. kimulimuli.) stones &c. with, or as a lever, often
Mume,n. (waume) for mtu mume, , with an iron point. (Cf. mtaimbo,
mwanaume, a male, a man. Used mchokoo^)
alone mume means distinctively Muomo, Mwomo, n. (miomo),
husband, in contrast with mwana- variants of mdomo, lip, which is usual
ume. (See -ume, and cf. mke.) in Z. Ndevu za muomo, or only
*Mumiani, n. (ma-), a mummy, muomo, moustache. (Cf. mdomo,
(used in native medicine, &c). (Ar.) omo.)
Mumo, adv. demonstr. of reference, *Musimu, n. (no plur.), northerly
also mumo humo. See Mumu. wind, time of the north monsoon at
Mumu, adv. demonstr., usually Z., i. e. Dec. to Feb., but extended
with humu, i. e. mumu humu, just sometimes to the whole season from
inside this very place (in these circum- and to the period of southerly winds,
stances) , j ust in here. (See , and Mu
e. from October to May.
i. (Ar.
cf. mumo, and For other seasons cf. masika, and
adv. kuku, papa.)
Mumunya, y. also Mung'unya, mwaka.)
and Munya, break in small pieces, Muu-. See words under Mwu-.
— esp. in the mouth, i. e. mumble, Muuaji, Muuguzi, n. See Mwu-
munch, prepare for swallowing, e. g. aji, Mwuguzi.
like a toothless person or donkey. Muumba, n. (waumba), one who
Nt. mumunyika, (i) be broken up, creates, makes, fashions, esp. as a
munched, crumble away; (2) be title of God in Z., the Creator of the
friable, easily crumbled or triturated, world, i. e. Muumba yote. (Cf.
e. g. like bad mortar. u?nba, khwibe, and syn. Ar. huluku.)
Mumunye, n. (ma-), a kind of Muumishi, n. (waumishi), a pro-
gourd resembling a vegetable marrow, fessional cupper. (Cf. umika.)
used as a vegetable. The rind when Muundi, n. (niiundi). Muundi
hard and dry is used as a vessel to wa mguu, the shin, shin bone, be-
—
hold fluids, like the boga, buyu. tween knee and ankle.
The plant is mmumunye. Muungo, n. (mtungo), a fastening,
Munda,n. (mtunda)
(1) a har- thing which fastens, esp. a tie, tie-
poon, for spearing large fish, i. e. beam, in wooden construction. (Cf.
zva kuchomea samaki kubwa. Also unga, kumgo')
(2) a piece of planking, used in Muungu, —
(iniungu, the sing,
n.
wooden construction. (Cf. unda.) being treated as D
1, the plur. as D
2).
Mundu, n. {miundu), a sickle, Also may be written Mivungu,
billhook, chopper. Mungu, Mngu, (1) God, a god; (2)
Mungu, n. (miungu). See —
providence, luck, accident, used to
Muungu. describe anything unaccountable or
Mung'unya, Munya, Munya- unexpected. Words commonly con-
 MUWA 259 MVULE
nected with Muungu are, Mwenyezi Mviko, n. (mi-), act (style, &c.)
Mngu, i. e. mwenyi enzi Muungu, of dressing, clothing, a garment,
Almighty God. Omba M, pray to dress. (Cf. vika, and syn. uvao,
God, also ombakwa M., ombeabeing — vazi, nguo.)
usually pray for, intercede.' Shuktiru
'
Mvinje, n. (mi-), the cassiorina
M., be resigned, accept the inevitable, a kind of fir growing freely on
tree,
submit, —
seldom of felt or active rocky ground near the seashore in Z.
gratitude. Shiriki Muungu, be *Mvinyo, n. (no plur., sing, is
wholly given to God, the strongest — treated as D
4 and also D
6), wine,
expression for a religious life (cf. spirits, esp. the latter in Z. (Portu-
shiriki), and when pressed to its guese. Cf. devai, tembo, pombe.)
extreme, i. e. union or sharing the Mviringo, n. (mi-), roundness, a
nature, repudiated by Mahomme- round shape, anything round, a circle,
dans, as impious and inconceivable a curve, a ring, a washer. (Cf.
(cf.shibaM.). Kumbuka M., medi- viringa, Jingirisha, and syn. duara,
tate on God. Ngoja M., trust in Pro- duru, mduara, mzingo, J>ete.)
vidence. Muungu akijaliu, God Mvita, n. the Swahili name for
willing, — for the common Ar. inshal- the town and island of Mombasa.
lah. Muungu akuweke, may God Also for Mmvita, an inhabitant of
provide for you (bless you), is often Mombasa.
used by the lower classes, also M. —
Mvua, n. (1) ( ), rain. Mvua —
akubariki. Mbaraka wa M., God's nyingi (kubwa), heavy rain. Mvua
blessing. Maskini zoa Muungu, a ya mwaka, a slight rainfall usually
destitute person, esp. of a poor freed- in August. Alikwenda na mvua
slave, deprived by freedom of all yake, he went in the rain. Also (2)
claim to human (i. e. his master's) (wa-) verbal of vua, in all its senses,
,

protection and support. (Muungu mvua samaki, a man fishing, mvua

in various forms, Mulungu, Muluku, ngito, &c. (For the rainy seasons
&c, occurs in most Bantu dialects on in Z. cf. masika, and mvule, and for
or near the East Coast. Swahilis light rain manyunyo.)
sometimes use Mo/a, but seldom Allah, Mvuje, n. a fetid -gum, asafoetida.
as an equivalent. The ideas conveyed Mvuke, n. (mi-), vapour produced
are vague, but in Z. principally Ma- by heat, steam, perspiration. (Cf.
—
hommedan, whence perhaps the vukiza, and follg. Also syn. moshi,
anomalous plur. (of the inferior mi- hari,jasho.)
class), to avoid encroachment on the Mvukuto, n. (mi-), bellows, as —
unity of the Godhead. Cf. Allah, used by native smiths, i.e. two leather
Mola, Rabbi, and varioustitles of God. bags alternately inflated and deflated
Also uungu, and umuztngu.) by hand. (Cf. mfua (mi-) and
Muwa, n. Mua, the
(miwa), also prec.)
sugar-cane. Less cultivated in Z. Mvulana, n. (wa-), a young un-
than formerly. There are still a few married man, a bachelor. (Cf.
mills, producing treacle and a coarse uvulana, and syn. kijana.)
brown sugar (sukari guru). Mvule, n. also Mvuli, and Vuli,
Muzimu, n. See Mzimu. the lesser rains^he short rainy season,
Mvi, n. (no plur., sing, is treated i.e. November in Z., when the north
as D 4 and also D
6), grey hair. wind begins to set in. (Cf. masika
Mwenyi mvi, a grey-haired old man. and follg., and for the seasons mwaka.
So ndevu za mvi, grey beard. Ny- Perh. conn, with uvuli, shade, i.e.
wele za mvi, grey hairs. Mvi mweupe clouds after clear weather, or with
or nyetipe. (Cf. utiyele.) mvua.)
s 2
 MVULI 260 MWAKA
Mvuli, n. (mi-), a shady place, Mvuvi, n. (wa-), a professional
shade of a tree, &c. (Cf. kivuli, fisherman. Proverbially quarrelsome
a patch of shade, a shadow, &c, and over their fish, and so nyumba ya
uvuli, shade in general, gloom, dark- wavuvi, a noisy, quarrelsome house-
ness.) hold. (Cf. vua, mvuo.)
Mvuma, n. (wa-) and Mvumi, Mw-, as a pfx. See Mu, and M.
verbal of vuma, one who mutters, Mwa, prep, form agreeing with
hums, &c. See Vuma and follg. the locative form of nouns in -ni,
Mvuma titi, name of a bird. of (i.e. mu-a, see Mu, -a), e.g.
Mvumo, n. {mi-), (i) a rumbling, nyumbani mwa Mzungu, in the house
muttering sound; (2) a report, ru- of the European.
mour (see Uvumi) (3) a rubber (in
;
Mwaa, n. also Muaa, Mnyaa,
cards, Str.) (4) the Borassus palm,
;
Myaa, with the plur. miwaa, also mi-
not common in Z. island. (Cf. yaa, miaa, ( 1 ) the Hyphaene, or Dwarf,
vuma, and for palms mnazi.) palm, also commonly known as mko-
Mvunaji, n. See Mvuni. che and mkoma, furnishing the leaves,
Mvungu, n. (mi-), a hollowed-out which are generally used as material
place, a hollow, hole, empty space, for mats, bags, baskets, coarse cord,
cavity, —e.g. a hole in a tree, the and string, (2) a leaf-blade of this
space under a bedstead, i. e. mvungu palm. The blade is divided into
wa kitanda. Mtaka cha mvunguni two parts, chane, and each part slit
huinama, he who wants what is into three, the central piece being
under a bed must stoop for it. (Cf. the finest material for plaiting, the
uvungu.) outsides for coarser kinds. (Cf.
Mvuni, n. (wa-) and Mvunaji, ung'ong'o, utangule, ukindu, ukili,
one who gathers in a crop, a reaper, chana, suka.)
&c. (Cf. vtma.) *Mwafa, n. (miafa), anything
Mvunja, n. (wa-), verbal of vunja causing fear, danger, a terror, horror,
(which see), one who breaks, de- bugbear, enemy. (Ar. Cf. hofu,
stroys, &c. afa, and syn. kioja, kitisho.)
Mvunjo, n. (mi-), act (time, *Mwafaka, (miafaka), agree-
n.
manner, &c.) of breaking. (See ment, bargain, conspiracy, plot.
Vunja and prec, also kivunjo, (Ar. Cf. afiki, and syn. maflafano.)
uvunjo.) Mwafu, n. (miafu), wild jasmine.
Mvuo, n. (mi-), act (time, manner, (Cf. afu, yasmini.)
place, &c.) of fishing, fishing ground, Mwaga, v. pour out, pour away,
catch of fish. Also in other senses spill,waste, empty out. Ps. mwag-
of vua (which see). wa. Nt. mwagika. Hence mwagik-
Mvurugo, n. (mi-), (1) messing, ia, -iwa. Maji yaliyoniwagika
muddling, mixing up, mixture, and hayazoeleki, spilt water cannot be
so (2) of unripe fruit in a squashy, picked up. Ap. mwag-ia, -iwa,
messy condition, —
squash, jam. pour out on (for, &c). (Cf. mi-
(Cf. vuruga.) mina.)
Mvushi, n. (wa-), (1) Mwaka, n. (miaka), a year. Two
a ferryman,
(2) a preserver. See Vuka. ways of reckoning years are in use in
Mvuto, n. (mi-), act (manner, &c.) Z., (1) the lunar year of twelve lunar
of drawing. —
Also in other senses of months, Ramathan being counted
—
vuta (which see), pulling, influence, as the first month, and about 355 —
persuasion, perversion, &c. Mvuto days. This is the Arab official and
wa maji (wa upepo), current of water religious year, and beginning ten
(air). (Cf. mkondo.) days earlier each year has no corre-
 MWAKE 261 MWAMBI
spondence with the seasons. (2) the Mwako, n. (miwako), blaze, flame,
solar year, with 365 days, the first blazing, burning. Mwako wa moto
day of the year being called sikuya (Jua), blaze of a fire (the sun).
mwaka, and kept as a popular festival, (Cf. waka.)
the last kigunzi, and the days being *Mwalamu, n. (miala?mi),a. stripe,
reckoned by decades {miongo). It band, line of colour, esp. in a dress-
is of Persian origin, and used for material. (Cf. mlia, utepe^)
nautical and agricultural purposes. Mwali, n. (1) (mituali), a Raphia
Mwaka wa jana, last year. Mw. palm, — not common in Zanzibar
wajtizi, the year before last. Mw. island. The mid-rib of the leaves is
wa kesho (or ujao), next year. Mwa- very long (20 feet to 30 feet), strong
ka kwa mwaka, killa mwaka, year and light, and is much used for
by year, annually. Mwakani, in a doors (see Mlango), ladders, and
year's time, — but often indefinitely, other purposes. (2) {wall, for wa-
some day or other, sooner or later. ali), a maiden, a virgin usually
;

Mvua ya mwaka, light rains which with mwana, i. e. mwana mwali,

fall usually in August, between the plur. waana wait. (Cf. bikira.)
two rainy seasons. The seasons in *Mwali, n. (nyali), flame, tongue
Zanzibar are regular and well defined. of fire. (Arab. Cf. ulimi wa
The island lying about 7 south of moto.)
the equator, the sun is overhead Mwaliko, n. (mial-), (1) a crack-
about October 21 and February 21. ing sound, click, clap. (2) an invi-
These dates are followed by periods tation, summons, call. (Cf. alika,
of calm, light variable winds, and and mwito)
rains, — the greater rains called ma- *Mwalimu, n. a learned man, a
sika, chiefly in April, the lesser rains teacher, a schoolmaster, esp. the
mvuli in November. When the sun Mahommedan official teacher at-
is in the south, the north wind blows, tached to a mosque. (Ar. Cf.
and the heat is greatest, i.e. in De- elimu, alama, mtaalamu.)
cember, January, and February. This Mwalishi, n. (waal-), one who
is called kaskazi, or musimtt. When calls, summons, invites, e.g. to a
the sun is in the north, the south feast, wedding, &c. (Cf. alika.
wind blows, and the heat is less, i.e. mwaliko.)
from June to October. This is called Mwamba, n. (miamba),(i) a rock,
kusi, and includes the kipupwe or a mass of rock, a very large stone,
cool period in June and July, follow- a reef. (2) in building, a ridge pole
ing the heavy rains, and the demani or wall-plate, i.e. a transverse pole,
in September and October. The resting on the top of poles forming
times of calms and light winds are the side or roof of a native house.
called malelezi, or tanga mbili. The (Dim. kij'amba.)
thermometer in the shade in Zanzibar Mwainbao, n. (miambao), (1) a
city is seldom above 85 or below passing near to, grazing past, not
75 night or day. For other divi- touching, missing contact with (2) ;

sions of time see Mwezi and Siku. passing along a shore (in a boat) ;
(Perh. cf. waka, and chaka, the (3) coast-line, «oast, edge of the sea.
—
hot season, the latter seldom heard Safari ya mwambao, a coasting
inZ.) voyage. Safiri (vuta) mwambao,
Mwake, Mwako, a. forms oi-ake, make a coasting voyage. (Cf.
-ako agreeing with locative nouns in ambaa.)
-ni, his (hers, its), your, e. g. nyn- Mwambi, n. (waambi), one who
mbani mwake, in his house. speaks against another, a slanderer,
 MWAMU 262 MWANGA
a critic, a tale-bearer, a gossip. (Cf. lowing, procession, retinue. (Cf.
arnba.) andama, and follg.)
Mwamu, n. (waamu), brother-in- Mwandamizi, n. (waand.), (1)
law, sister-in-law. (Cf. wifi.) a follower, an attendant ;(2) a suc-
Mwamua, Mwamuzi, n. (waam.) cessor, one who comes next after.
a judge, arbitrator, umpire, mediator. (Cf. follg.)
(Cf. amua, maamuzi, and syn. kathi, Mwandamo, n. (miand.), act (time,
which marks office rather than func- manner, &c.) of following, a coming
tion, and hakimu.) after, a procession. Mwandamo wa
Mwana, n. (waana, wand), (i) mwezi, the following of the moon,
specifically, child, son, daughter, the beginning a month, also
of —
—
dependent, of relationship as such, mwezi mwandama, the moon suc-
without reference to age (cf. mtoto, ceeding or following, i. e. the new
which often connotes age). Huyn ni moon. (Cf. andama, and prec.)
mwanangu, this is my child. Akaoa Mwandani, n. (waand.), com-
akazaa mwana, he married and panion, associate, friend. (Perh. for
begot a son. Mwana (wa) Adamu, mwandamani. Cf. andama, and
a child (or descendant) of Adam, a prec, also syn. mwenzi, rafiki.)
human being, one of the human race. Mwandazi, n. {waand.), one who
Mwana ?nwali, a maid, a virgin. prepares food, cook, confectioner,
(2) in general, without reference to pastry cook. (Cf. andaa, maanda-
relationship, a person, one of a class. si, and mpishi.)
E.g. Mwana mume (mke), a man Mwandikaji, n. (waand.), also
(woman). Mwana maji, a sailor. Mwandiki, (1) one who arranges,
Mwanafunzi, an apprentice, disciple, serves, waits at table, a waiter, a
Mwana s/ieria, a lawyer. Mwana server; (2) a writer, copyist, amanu-
vyno, a scholar. Wanakuwa waana ensis, clerk. (Cf. andika, mwa-
wazima, they are becoming grown-up ndishi, and follg. Also karani.)
people (adults). Marra nikaona Mwandiko, n. (miand.), (1) act
waana wanakuja, presently I saw (style, &c.) of writing, handwriting,
people coming. Sometimes
with (2) what is written, manuscript, also —
mtoto, e. g. akakaa hattamwana mtoto what is printed, a writing, a book ;

asipate, he lived on but did not get (3) arrangement, careful treatment,
a child. Mwana has also various manipulation, e.g. of a doctor. (Cf.
special senses, e.g. {a) lady of the andika, andiko (ma-), and prec.)
—
house, mistress, and in addressing Mwandishi, n. (waand.), (1) one
—
such a one, madam, like bibi, bibi who
serves (waits at table), waiter,
mkubwa. Younger ladieshouse-servant (cf. mtumiski, boi) (2)
the
of ;

house are called wa kina mwana, or

a writer, clerk, secretary, amanuensis
mamwana. (b) used in polite re- (cf. karani). (Cf. andika, and prec.)
ference or address to one's own mo- Mwanga, n. (mianga), (1) a light,
ther, —
madam. (c) a recess in a shining, that which gives light, e.g.
grave, closed by the kiunza, is called mwango wa jua (taa, moto), the
mwana wa ndani (cf. use of mtoto, of light of the sun (lamp, fire); (2)
appendages of various kinds). (Cf. fig. (wa-), a very wise, enlightened
jana n., kijana, and the same root. person and esp. (3) a wizard, sor-
;

•ana is perh. seen in bwana, mtwana, cerer, supposed to go about at night,

for mtu mwana, msijana, mvnlana.) sometimes in the form of a rat, and
Mwanamizi,n. (ivaan.), a kind of frighten people (4) name of a kind ;

crab, a hermit crab. of rice. See Mchele. (Cf. anga,

Mwandamano, n. (miand.), a fol- and follg.)
 MWANGAFU 263 MWAEIDI
Mwangafu, n. (waang.), a clever, mbani mwangu, in my estate. See
enlightened, intellectual,bright-witted Mu- and -angu.
person. (Cf. anga, -angafu, ua- Mwanguzi, Mwangushi, n. (wa-
yigafu, and prec.) ang.), one who throws down, or causes
Mwangalizi, (waang.), an over-
n. to fall, one who overthrows (destroys,
seer, manager, superintendent, direc- &c). Mw. wa nazi, a professional
tor, administrator. (Cf. angalia, —
cocoanut picker, also mkwezi, who
and syn. msimamizi.) charges one (or two) pice per tree.
Mwangamizi, n. (waang.), one (Cf. angua.)
who ruins, a destroyer. (Cf. anga- Mwangwi, n. (miangwi), an echo.
mia, maangamizi.) (Perh. cf. mwanga, wizard, mysterious
Mwangaza, n. (miang.), that which person.)
makes or enlightens, and so
light, *Mwani, n. (miani), (1) seaweed
(i) light, brightness, clearness, radi- (in general) ; (2) ari eye-glass. See
ance, daylight. Mw. wa alfajiri, Miwani. (Ar.)
the first streaks of dawn, twilight. Mwanya, n. (mianyd), a gap,
Weupe na mw., brightness and light. breach, hole, notch, narrow pass,
Mwangazani, in broad daylight, in small opening, cleft, crevice. Mw.
full view. (2) a hole admitting light wa mguu, a cloven foot. Mw. wa
and air, as in stone houses in Z., an udevu, a forked beard. Mlima wenyi
aperture, small window, loophole. mwanya, a hill with a cleft, a double-
Akaona tundu aona mwangaza peaked hill.
dogo, (Cf. pengo ufa.)
',

mbali sana, and he saw a little hole, Mwanzi, (mianzi), a bamboo.

n.
a light-hole a long way off. (3) fig. Hence of other kinds of reed and
enlightenment, lucidity, shrewdness, cane, and things resembling them in
prudence. (4) publicity, making appearance or use, e.g. a pipe or tube
known, showing, advertising, touting. of any kind, an ear-trumpet, a musical
Jambo hili ni katika mwangaza, this pipe, flageolet, flute, telescope, a stick
matter is open to all, public property. used for hanging things on. Mwanzi
Nifanyie mwangaza, nikione kitu wa pua, the nostril. Kalamu ya
hiki, give me a chance of seeing, that mwanzi, a reed pen.
I may examine the article. Miangaza Mwanzo, n. (mianzo), (1) act
mingi, much showing off (of goods). (time, method, &c.) of beginning, a
(5) wayof escape, way out of a diffi- start, commencement, first stage ; (2)
culty, a solution, a bright idea, a ruse, origin, primary principle. (Cf.
e.g. nyangaza (as from uang.) mbili, anza, chanzo, and syn. Ar. asili.)
mmoja htimponya, twofold chance of Mwao, n. (miao), (1) a piece of
escape, one saves him. (Cf. anga, wood used as a support, prop, or
and follg.) strut (cf. walio). Also (2) trouble,
Mwangazi, n. (waang,), a clever, effort, bother (Str.).
shrewd, clear-headed, well-informed Mwao, a.form of -ao, agreeing
person. (Cf. anga, mwangafu, with a locative in -ni, e.g. mjini
mwanga, and prec.) mwao, in their town.
Mwango, n. (miango), (1) a frame *Mwarabu, n ( Waarabu),2J\ Arab.
.

hung against a wall to carry a native One from the south coast of Arabia is
lamp, — andso, lamp-stand, lamp- known as IMsheheri, from the north, i. e.
holder, lamp-suspender (cf. anga, the Persian Gulf, mshemali. (Ar. Cf.
mwanga); (2) for miango, door Uarabu, kiarabu, ??ianga, Arabuni.)
(which see). *Mwaridi, n. (?niwdridi), a rose-
Mwangu, n. form of -angn agree- tree, theflower being wdridi. (Ar.
ing with a locative in ni, e.g. sha- Cf. wdridi.)
 MWASHI 264 MWENYEJI
Mwashi, n. (waashi), a mason, monest trees in Z. Canoes are made
one who builds with stones and mor- from the hollowed trunk of the mango.
tar. (Cf. aka, uashi, and contr. (SeeEmbe, and dist. uembe, a razor.)
mjenzi.) Mwenda, n. (waenda), verbal of
Mwashiri, one of the
n. (miash.), enda (which see), one who goes.
longitudinal timbers which support Nyati ni mwenda pekee, the (Indian)
the mast (mlingote) in a native vessel. buffalo is a solitary beast. Mwenda
See Mlingote, and Chombo. nguu, one who despairs. (Cf.
*Mwathini, n. (waath.), one who nguu.) See Enda.
calls Mahommedans to*prayer at the Mwendeleo, n. (miend.), progress,
mosque a muez-
at the regular hours, movement.
advance,(Cf. enda,
zin. (Ar. Cf. athini, athatia.)and mwendo.)
Mwavuli, n. (miavuli), an um- Mwendelezi,'n. (waend.), one who
brella, sunshade. causes to go on, one who carries
(Cf. mvnli, uvuli,
kivuli, and tapa.) on or forward, and so in various
*Mwawazi, n. (waawazi) disposer senses of endeleza (see Enda).
,

of events, —
a title of God. (Ar. E. g. (1) a persistent, persevering,
Cf. awaza.) progressive person; (2) one who
Mwayo, n. (/mayo), a yawn. Piga copies, one who spells words.
mwayo, enda mwayo, yawn. Mwendo, n. (tniendo), a going,
Mwaza, Mwazi, n. (wawaza), one moving, motion, proceeding, pro-
who thinks (supposes, fancies, &c). gress, way (manner, style) of going,
See "Waza. (Dist. wazi, a.) gait, behaviour, course, &c. E. g.
*Mwazimo, n. (miaz.), a borrow- mwendo wa siku tatu, a three days'
ing, a lending, accommodation, ad- journey. Vunja mwendo, prevent
vance, loan. (Cf. azima, v.) progress. Mwendo wajua, the sun's
Mweko, (miweko), a putting
n. course, orbit. (Cf. enda, mwe-
aside (off, down, away, &c). See nendo, and mwendeleo!)
Weka, also Mwiko. Mwenea, n. (waenea), one who
*Mwele, n. (i) (waele), a sick spreads out (pervades, extends), esp. —
person, a bedridden patient, an in- as a title of God, as omnipresent, i. e.
valid, a cripple. (Ar. Cf. uwele, mwenea pote. (Cf. enea, mwenezi.)
and syn. mgonjwa.) (2) (miele), Mwenendo, n. (mien-), going on,
the plant bearing mawele or uwele, moving, &c, like mwendo, but often
i.e. a kind of millet with an ear of fig. proceedings, behaviour, conduct.
very small edible seed (cf. mawele). (Cf. enda, enenda.)
Mweleko, n. (mieleko), used of a Mwenenzi, n. (waen-), (1) one who
leather sling for a gun. (Dist. measures (surveys, compares, &c.)
mbeleko, tibeleko.) (cf. enenza) ; (2) one who goes,
Mwelewa, n. (wael.), one who a traveller. (Cf. enenda!)
understands, who is intelligent, takes Mweneza, n. (waen-), one who
a thing in. (Cf. elea, and follg., allots (distributes, gives out), esp. as
and perh. viwerevu, i.e. mwelefu, and a title of God, the Giver of good
syn. mtambuzi, mwangafu, &c.) to all. (Cf. enea, eneza.)
Mwelezo, n. (miel.), explanation, Mwenge, n. (mienge), a torch,
sign, indication, exposition, pro- a fire-brand, a wisp of straw or grass
gramme. and elezo, and
(Cf. elea, for carrying fire or a light.
prec.Also syn. mafafanusi.) Mwenyeji, n. (wenyeji), lit. the
Mwembe, n. (miembe), a mango regular possessor (cf. -enyi, and the
tree, bearing the fruit embe. Man- formative -ji). Hence (1) master of
goes and cocoanuts are the com- a house, householder, owner, occu-
 ; —

MWENYEWE 265 MWEZI

pant, citizen, inhabitant of a town, Mweza inchi, the ruler of a country.
native (of a place); (2) host, in re- Mweza mwenyewe, his own master,
lation to guests (wageni), e. g. ku- an independent power. Mweza yote,
tumwe mwenyeji wetu aende kwa supreme over all things, Almighty,
jumbe, let our host be sent to go a title of —
God, also ?nweza kwetu,
to the chief. ruler of our world. (Cf. mwenyezi?)
Mwenyewe, n. (wenyewe). See Mwezekaji, n. (waez-), a pro-
-enyewe. Sometimes used as fessional thatcher of houses. (Cf.
mwenyeji, or mwenyi,
e. g. yule ezeka, and follg.)
simba ndiye mwenyewe (perh. for Mwezeko, n. (miez-), act (opera-
mwenyi wake) asali, that lion is the tion, style) of roofing a native house,
owner of the honey. thatching (with grass, &c). (Cf.
Mwenyezi, n. i. e. mwenyi enzi, ezeka, and prec.)
usually a title of God, the Possessor Mwezi, n. (miezi), (1) the moon ;

of might, the Almighty, i. e. mweza (2) a month, i. e. a lunar month ;

yote. The commonest Swahili term (3) menses (also damn, and hethi,
in speaking of God is Mwsnyezi which see). (1) Mwezi mkubwa
Mngu. (Cf. -enyi.) (mpevu, kamili, ditara, wa mviringd),
Mwenyi, n. (wenyi), one who full moon. Mwezi mdogo (mchanga,
possesses, an owner, an indepen- 7?ipya, mwandama), new moon.
dent person. See -enyi. Not Mwanga (mwangazd) wa mwezi,
commonly used as a noun, ex- moonshine, also mbaamioezi. Mwezi
cept as a title, whether complimen- wapasua wingu, wachimbuka, waleta
tary or official, and then sometimes anga, the moon
pierces the cloud, it
mwinyi, and munyi. On the main- bursts forth, sheds light. (2) Each
it

land mwenyi mkuu and mwenyi
mkubwa sometimes denote the second
and third official under a chief, the
first being shehe or waziri. Some-
times also a term of respectful refer-
ence or address, ' sir,' like bwana.
Mwenzi, n. (wenzi), (1) a friend,
companion, associate, acquaintance
(2) of things as well as persons,
fellow, counterpart, match, double,
something resembling or correspond-
ing to another. E. g. hakuna msiba
usio na mwenziwe, no disaster but
has another like it. (Cf. enza,
a causal form of enda, i. e. cause
to go, accompany, share the actions
of, and syn. rafiki.')
Mwetu, a. form of -etu, — agreeing Mfungo). The other Arab names
with locatives in -ni, our. E.g.
mjini mwetu, in our town.
Mwewe, n. (miewe), a bird of
prey, a kind of kite or hawk, which
carries off chickens, &c.
Mweza, n. (waweza), verbal of
weza, one who is able, possessed
of power over (or, to do), a ruler.
month begins when the new moon is
first seen, or after 30 days from the
— last new moon. Mwezi mwandamo,
mwandamo mwezi, new moon,
zua
the beginning of the month. M.
mpttngufu, a month of 29 days.
M. kamili, a full month of 30 days.
The month beginning when Rama-
thani ends is considered the first
month, and called Mfunguo mosi,
i. e. the first non-fasting month. The
next are called (Mfunguo) pili (or
wa pili), tatu (wa tatii), &c. to
kenda (wa kendd), the ninth month
— the remaining three having the
Arab names Rajabu, Shaabani (or
Ramathani (mwezi wa
Mlishd),
are used in letters, and in giving
dates, but are ti&t commonly known.
The month is divided variously into
(1) weeks, or quarters, i. e. four sets
of seven days, junta (ma-). Mwezi
ni majuma manne, the month is four
weeks. But the weeks are reckoned
independently of the months, the
 MWIA 266 MWINDA
week and the month not necessarily kind of pigeon or dove. (Cf.
beginning together. (2) decades, njiwa, kua.)
kumi {ma-) or mwongo (miongo), Mwiko, n. (iniikd), (1) a spoon,
i. e. three sets of ten days, called or instrument resembling it, e. g.
kumi la kwanza, la kati, and la a mason's trowel (cf. mkamshe,
kwisha, the days in each being upawa, and kijiko) ; (2) something
counted as mwezi mosi, the first day put aside, esp. food left over from a
of the month, mwezi pili, the second meal, put away from evening to
day, and so on, also mwezi wa — morning, &c, i.e. chakula cha mwiko.
mosi, wa pili, &c. Occasionally Also (3) something deliberately ab-
mwezi mmoja is used e. g. killa , stained from, by order of a doctor, or
mwezi mmoja tikiandama, on each considerations of health, &c. M. wa
succeeding first of the month. M- nyama, abstention from meat. M.
wezi ngapi, or siku ya mwezi ngapi wa vileo, teetotalism. Shika m.,
(oiwangapi) ? Whatday ofthemonth live by rule, diet oneself. Mshike
is it? (3) halves, — the full moon miiko, msionane na wake wenu,
being the middle point, the first half keep the rules, and do not be seen by
being called mwezi nje, or mwanga your wives. (Perh. cf. weka, at
mkubwa, the second mwezi ndani least for (2), and for the change of
(mchimbtc) or giza. (4) in letters, consonant cf. Iweka, twika.\
documents, agreements, &c. the days Mwili, n. (miili), a body, human
are usually reckoned straight on from or animal, and usually a living body,
one to thirty, and are commonly a whole body, including head and
designated by the number only, e. g. limbs. Also the trunk of the body,
ishirini Shaabani, the 20th of without the head. (Cf. kiwiliwili,
Shaabani, mosi Ramathani, the first esp. of the trunk only, without head
of Ramathani. See also Mwaka, or limbs, and maiti,pinda, of dead
Siku, Tarihi. bodies. Obs. m-w Hi is a possible form
Mwia, n. (wawia), a creditor, one of -wili, twofold, double, two, and so
who demands payment of a debt, perh. of the body as characterized by
a dun. (Cf. wa, v., wia, and pairs of limbs and symmetrical sides.)
mdeni, mkopes/ii.) Mwima, n. (waima), one who
Mwiba, n. (miiba), (1) any small stands erect (or, stands still). (Sel-
sharp-pointed thing, e.g. a thorn, dom in Z. Cf. ima.)
prickle, spur, sting, fish-bone, spine, Mwimbaji, (waimb.), a singer,
n.
sharp splinter, nail, — defined by con- songster, chorister. (Cf. imba,
text or qualifying word, as mwiba and follg.)
wa nyuki, a bee's sting, mw. wa Mwimbishi, n. (waimb.), one
samaki, wa nge, &c. (2) verbal of who teaches, or leads singing, a sing-
iba, one who steals (cf. follg.) ing master, a conductor. (Cf.
Mwibaji, n. (waibaji), a thievish imba, and prec.)
person, a regular thief. (Cf. iba, Mwimo, n. (miimo), an upright
mwivi, and prec.) or side-piece of a door-frame. (See
Mwiga, Mwigaji, n. (waiga, Mlango, and cf. ima.)
&c), one who imitates (or, copies), Mwinamishi, n. (wain.), one
— but commonly, a mocker, mimic, who causes to bend (stoop). (Cf.
caricaturist. (Cf. iga, and follg.) inama, and follg.)
Mwigo, n. (miigo), (1) imitation, Mwinamo, n. (miin.), a stoop-
copying; (2) mimicry, mockery, ing, a bending down. (Cf. inama,
counterfeit, forgery, caricature (cf. and prec.)
iga, and prec.) ; (3) (waigo), a large Mwinda, Mwindaji, n. (wa-
 MWINYI 267 MWONGO
winda), a huntsman, one who hunts, Mwogofy o, n. (miog.), threatening,
— of any kind of game. (Cf. denunciation. (Cf. ogofya.)
winda, mwinzi, windo, and syn. Mwoko, n. (inioko), act (process,
saka.) &c.) of baking, roasting. (Cf.
Mwinyi, n. used as a title. See oga,j'oko.)
Mwenyi. Mwokotaji, n. {waok.), and Mwo-
Mwinzi, (wawinzi), sometimes
n. kosi, one who picks up, one who
used for mwinda, mwindaji (which finds by chance. (Cf. okota.)
see, and cf. winda). Mwokozi, n. (waok.), one who
Mwisho, n. (i?iiisho), act (time, saves, a saviour, rescuer, preserver,
place, manner, means) of ending, deliverer. (Cf. okoa, wokovtc.)
bringing to an end, end, result, con- (waomba), one who Mwomba, n.
clusion, final step, extreme limit, asks (begs, prays), verbal of omba, —
consummation, annihilation, death. governing a noun following. M.
Often as adv., finally, lastly (cf. pesa, one who asks for money. M.
hatimd). -a mwisho, final, last, dua, one who makes a special petition.
extreme. (Cf. isha, and syn. M. Muungu, a man of prayer, a
uko?no, upeo, mj>aka, and contr. devout person. (Cf. omba, and
mwanzo.) follg.)
*Mwislamu, n. (IVaisiamu), a Mwombaji, (waomb.), a beggar,
n.
Mahommedan. Also Msilimu, a professional beggar, a mendicant.
Mwaslimu (which see). (Cf. omba, mwomba, niwombi, and
Mwita, Mwitaji, n. (waita), one follg.)
who calls (summons, invites). (Cf. . Mwombezi, n. (waomb.), one who
ita, and alika.) begs on behalf of (or, against)
Mwito, n. (miito), act (time, man- another, an intercessor, pleader, ad-
ner, &c.) of calling, a summons, vocate, —
also, opponent. (Cf.
an invitation, a call. Akataaye omba, and follg.)
mwito, kukataa aitiwalo, he who de- Mwombi, n. (waombi), one who
clines a call, declines what he is makes a petition (or, prayer), a
called for. (Cf. ita, and prec.) petitioner, a suppliant. (Cf. omba,
Mwitu, n. ( — , and miitu), forest, muomba, mwombaji.)
implying large trees and close to- Mwomo, (miomo), lip, for
n. —
gether. Mwitu ninene, a thick, dense usual mdomo (which see).
forest, mwitu, wild, savage, un-
-a Mwongezi,n. (waong.) also Mwo-
tamed. Nyama ya
mwitu, a wild ngea, one who talks (gossips, passes
animal. Gugti mwitu, a weed. (Cf. the time, amuses, &c). Mwongezi
msitu, thick underwood, jungle, haongezwi, one who amuses is not
nyika, open grassy forest sparsely amused. (Cf. ongea.)
covered with trees, alsopo/i, piilulu.) Mwongo, (waongo), a liar, im-
n.
Mwivi, (wevi), Mwizi (wezi),
n. postor, inventor of falsehoods, de-
a thief, robber, kidnapper, swindler. ceiver, perverter of truth. (Cf.
Mwivi hushikwa na mwivi mwe- uongo, -ongo, and dist. follg.)
nziwe, a thief caught by his fellow-
is Mwongo, n.(niiongo), (1) number,
thief. mwibaji, uizi, and
(Cf. iba, reckoning, rank* Usually in plur.
syn. 77inyang'anyi, mkopi, pakacha, hamo katika miongo yao, he is not
mlungula.) one of them, and in the phrase mi-
Mwoga, n. (waogd), (i) a coward, ongoni mwa, used prepositionally,
a timid person (cf. oga, ogopa, and among the number of, on the side of,
syn. mhofu) (2) a bather (from oga,
; from among (2) a period of time,
;

bathe, cf. osha). esp. a decade, sometimes used as a

 MWONGOFU 268 MWUNZI
month.
division of the Swahili (See Creator of all things, — God. Mwu-
Mwezi, and syn. kumi. Dist. prec.) mba ndiye Mwumbua, the Maker
Mwongofu, n. (waong.), one who is the Destroyer. (Cf. umba,
isdirected, guided, instructed, put in Muumba, and follg.)
—
the light way, and so in religion, Mwumbaji, n. (waumb.), one who
i. e. mwongofu wa dini, a convert, a creates, usually of God only, the
proselyte. Mwongofu wa kazi, a Creator. (Cf. umba, and prec.)
proficient in an art, a good workman. *Mwumini, n. (waumini), a be-
(Cf. ongoa, uongofu, and follg.). liever, i. e. a Mahommedan. (Ar.
Mwongozi, n. (waong. ),also Mwo- Cf. amini, mmunina.)
ngoshi, one who shows the right way Mwumishi, n. (waum.), a pro-
(guides, leads), and so, a skilled work- fessional cupper. (Cf. umika.)
man who can show others how to Mwumizi, n. (waum.), one who
work (cf. fundi), or a guide, pilot (cf. hurts, causes pain. (Cf. uma,
the usual kiongozi). (Cf. ongoa.) umizi.)
Mwonjo, n. (mionjo), a tasting, a Mwunda, n. (wa-), one who con-
trial. (Cf. onja.) structs, esp. of woodwork. Also
Mwosha, n. (waosha), also Mo- mwundi (wa chombo, &c), a ship-
sha, (1) one who washes, — in general, wright, who does the work. Mwundi-
but also (2) esp. of one who is en- sha, the person who orders, arranges,
gaged to wash a corpse, and prepare it or contracts for the work. Mwu-
for burial, an undertaker, —
sometimes ndiwa, the person to whose order or
one of three, who each take a part. for whose trade the work is done.
Mwosha naye huoshwa, the washer (Cf. unda, mwunzi.)
of corpses is himself one day a corpse. Mwungama, n. (waung.), one who
(Cf. osha, oga, and also fua, dobi.) acknowledges (admits, confesses)
Mwosho, n. (miosho), act (place, wrongdoing. Used as a title of
manner, &c.) of washing. (Cf. Mahommed. (Cf. zmgama.)
osha,josho, and prec.) Mwungamisbi, n. (wating.), one
Mwozi, n. (waozi), one who has who invites (receives, extorts) con-
to do with marrying or causing to fession, &c. (Cf. ungama.)
marry, —whether bridegroom, parent, Mwungamo, n. {miung.), (1) ac-
or official. (Cf. oa, oza, maozi, Sec.) knowledgement of obligation, con-
Mwua, n. (waua), also Mua, fession, admission of guilt (cf. unga-
verbal of ua, one who kills, murders, ma, and prec.) (2) a plant, which ;

puts to death. produces unga?no, a yellow dye for

Mwuaji, n. (wauaji), also Muaji, matting. (Cf. manjano.)
a slayer, murderer, assassin, destroyer Mwungo, n. (miimgo), also Mu-
of life. (Cf. ua, uuaji, and prec. ungo, a joining together, a joint, e. g.
Also vichinjaji, ??ifishaji.) mwungo wa kufuli, describe a
to
Mwuguzi, (waug.), one who
n. dovetail joint, lit. a
lock -joining.
tends or has the care of the sick, (Cf. unga v., and the more usual
medical attendant, nurse. (Cf. ungo, kiungo.)
ugua, and syn. mlezi.) Mwunzi, (waunzi), also Mwu-
n.
Mwujiza, n.imiuj.) anything won-
, nda, Mwundi, one who constructs
derful, extraordinary, supernatural, (frames, builds), esp. of a carpenter's
a wonder, a surprise, a miracle. and shipwright's work. Mwunzi wa
(Cf. syn. ajabu, mzungu, sham, and chombo, a shipbuilder. (Cf. unda,
perh. kioja.) and see Mwunda.)
Mwumba, n. (waumba), also Mwunzi, n. usually in the plur.,
Muumba, one who creates, esp. the i.e. miunzi, whistling (which see).
 MWU2A 269 MZIMA
Mwuza, n. {waziza), verbal of ziza, (in liquid), drowning. (Cf. prec,
one who sells. Mwuza nguo, and zama.)
a.

draper. Mwuza samaki, a fish- *Mzandiki, n. {wa-), a hypocrite,

monger, &c. Also mwzizazi, a pro- liar. (Ar.
Cf. mnafiki, ?nwo?z°o.)
fessional seller, a dealer, a salesman. Mzao, n. {wa-), child, offspring,
Contr. mnunuzi, a buyer, a customer. descendant. (Cf. zaa, mzazi. Perh.
(Cf. uza.) for mzawo.)
Mzaa, n. {wa-), verbal of zaa, Mzawa, n. Ps. verbal of zaa, — see
governing the word following, one Mzaliwa, which is the form com-
who begets, or gives birth to. Mzaa monly used.
bibi, great-grandmother. (Cf. zaa, Mzazi, n. {wa-), one who begets,
mzazi, kizazi, mzao.) or bears offspring, a parent (male or
*Mzabibu, {mi-), a vine,
n. the— female). Used also of (i) a woman
fruit being zabibu, Tawi la mz., a recently delivered, and (2) a prolific
bunch of grapes. (Ar. zabib, raisin.) parent. (Cf. zaa, and -zazi, uzazi,
*Mzabuni, n. {wa-), a buyer, a kizazi.)
bidder at a sale. (Ar. Cf. z. bzmi, Mzee, an old person,
n. {wa-), (1)
and the common B. syn. mnunuzi.) an elder, (2) a parent, (3) an an-
*Mzaha, n. {mi-), fun, joke, ridi- cestor. Mzee mmoja mzee sana, one
cule, derision. Jina la m., nick- old man was very old. An old
name. Fanya m., do in fun. Fany- woman is usually kizee. (Cf. perh.
izia m., make fun of. (Ar. Cf. zaa, also zizee, kizee.)
thihaka, ubishi, mchezo.) Mzibo, n.{mi-), (1) a stopping
Mzalia, n. {wa-), with Ps. sense, up, closing a hole (path, passage,
one born at (or, in a place), a native &c), a plug, a stopper, bung, &c.
(of a given spot), and esp. a home- Also (2) fig. a check, a stop, a dead-
born slave, one born in the house or lock. (Cf. ziba, kizibo.)
country of his master. Such slaves Mzigo, n. {mi-), a load, a burden,
rank above the raw slave {mjinga) — esp. of such a load as a caravan
from the interior. (Cf. zaa, and porter {mpagazz) carries on his head
follg.,and see Mtumwa.) in East Africa, i.e. about 60 lb.
Mzalisha, Mzalishi, n. {wa-), a weight. Also fig. of a sorrow, be-
midwife. (Cf. zaa, and prec.) reavement, infirmity. Mizigoya kzita-
Mzaliwa, n. {wa-), one born (at), futa, odd jobs of porterage. Twika
e.g. mzaliwa hzcko (or, wa hzzko), m., shoulder a load (i.e. usually,
one born there, a native. place on the head). Tzia {panga)
Mzama, n. {wa-), verbal of zama, m., lay down a load. Funga mizigo,
one who sinks, or dives in water. prepare for a journey, pack, make
Also Mzamaji {wa-), a diver, but preparations (for any undertaking).
commonly mzamia {Izdzi), one who Bwaga m., throw a load on the
dives for (pearls). (Cf. zama, and ground. (Cf. mtuznba, mpagazz.)
mzamishi.) Mziko, n. {mi-), act (manner,
*Mzambarau, a kind of &c.) of burial.
n. {mi-), (Cf. zika, and the
Eugenia, a large fruit-tree, bearing more usual maziko.)
a kind of damson or sloe, zambarau. Mzima, n. (Wa-), (1) a person in
Mzamishi, n. {wa-), one who good health, in sound condition of
employs divers. Also Mzamisho, mind and body, whole; (2) a full-
causing to sink, plunging in water, grown person, an adult. (Cf.
employment of divers. (Cf. zama, -zima, a. Mzima is also verbal n.
zamisha, and mzama.) from zima, v., one who extinguishes,
. Mzamo, n. {mi-), diving, plunging puts out (a light, fire, &c.).)-
 ;

MZIMU 270 MZOMABI

Mzimu, n. (mi-), a native place mviringo, mzingo means going round
. of worship, i. e. where offerings and in a circle. (Cf. zinga, mzinga,
prayers are made to spirits, whether zunguka.)
of ancestors or others. In Z. it is *Mzinzi, n. (wa-), an adulterer,
usually a rock, cave, tree, or ruin, a fornicator, a debauchee. (Ar.
and the offerings are rags of calico, Cf. zini, tizini, zi/ii/a.)
cooking pots, and occasionally small Mzishi, n. (wa-), one who has to
coin. Peleka kitu mzimuni, go and do with a burial, and so (1) an under-
make an offering. (Cf. kuzimu, taker, who manages it, or grave-
the state after death, the world of digger; (2) a friend who attends it,
disembodied spirits, death (as a state), esp. a trusted, intimate, bosom friend,
the grave. Also zi?nwe, a. spirit, as being relied on for securing decent
ghost, demon, and wazimu, madness, burial. (Cf. zika, mazishi.)
lit. spirits. Perh. also cf. zimu, Mzizi, n. (mi-), (1) a root, rootlet,
zimua, zi??iuka, meaning to be- ' i. e. kishina kidogo cha mtini chini,

come cold, be extinguished, put out.' the small root-fibres of a tree beneath
Contr. the m
of mzimu of place ' the ground ; (2) perh. from the use
within which,' with the more general of roots in native medicine, ' a doctor's
ku of kuzimu, the whole environ- prescription, dose, medicine,' de-
ment, general condition.) scribed according to the way it is to
Mzinduko, n. (mi-), (i) opening be used, e. g. wa kuchoma, to be
ceremony, inauguration; (2) awaken- heated ; wa kusaga, to be pulverized
ing suddenly from sleep. (Cf. wa kuchanjia, for inoculation ; wa
zinduka.) kutafuna, to be chewed ; wa ku-
Mzinga, n. (mi-), anything of a chemsha, to be boiled, &c. (Cf.
cylindrical shape, —
a round hollowed mwiko and shina.)
log, a native beehive (usually a Mzizimizi, n. (wa-), one who
hollowed section of a tree, and fixed sinks, goes to the bottom, disappears
in a tree), a cannon (from its suddenly and completely. Hence,
shape). .Piga mzinga, fire a cannon. an adventurer, stranger, swindler,
Mizinga ya salaam, a salute (by who suddenly vanishes leaving no
cannon). (Cf. zinga, mzingo, zu- traces. (Cf. zizimia.)
nguka, &c.) Mzo, n. (mizo) — also Mso, a
Mzingile, n. (mi-). Mzingile measure of weight or dry measure,
mwambiji, a labyrinth, a maze, a viz. 10 frasila, or 60 pishi, i.e. about
puzzle (Str.). (Cf. zin$a, and 350-360 lb., equivalent to jizla. —
follg.) (Ar.)
Mzingo, n. (mi-), in general, a Mzoea, (wa-), verbal of zoea,
n.
rounding, curving, bending, and so one who used, accustomed (to),
is
used to denote (1) circuit, bend, practised (in), familiar (with). Mimi
winding (e.g. of a river), turn; (2) mzoea sana naye, I am on quite
working on a curve, making a bevel, familiar terms with him. (Cf.
making a round mat or basket ; (3) zoea, -zoefu.)
circumference, distance round ; (4) Mzofafa, adv. on tiptoe, with a
environment, neighbourhood, margin strut, proudly. (Ar. zaf, — for
of a pool or stream, what is around mzafzaf.)
one. Hence used prepositionally, Mzoga, n. (mi-), carcass, dead
mzingo wa, around, on all sides —
body, carrion, not usually of a hu-
of. -a mzingo, around, enclosing, man body, corpse, i. e. maiti. (Cf.
surrounding. Shona mzingo, sew in mwili, pinda.)
a curve. Mzingo ni mzunguko wa *Mzomari, n. a kind of scent,
 —

MZOMEO 271 N
? rose water. (Dist
nail, and zomari, a pipe, flute.)
Mzomeo, n. (mi-), derisive, sar- N represents the same sound as in
castic, insulting noises or speech. English. This sound involves more
(Cf. zomea.) difficulties than any other in learning
Mzuka, n. (wa-), one who ap- Swahili, —
its grammatical function,

pears suddenly, —
and so, an ap- together with its peculiar phonetic
parition, ghost, spirit, goblin. (Cf. affinities, producing the only forms
zua, znka, kizuka, mzus/ii.) of words which can be called excep-
Mzungu, n. (i) (wa-), a European. tional or irregular.
Mzungu mweusi, a Europeanized It may be considered A. as a sound,
native (cf. kizungti, Uzungu). B. as a formative prefix.
(2) {mi-), something wonderful, A. The sound n is either (1)
startling, ingenuity, cle-
surprising, purely consonantal, or (2) semi-vocal.
verness, a feat, a trick, a wonderful (1) As a pure consonant, n can be
device. Wazungu wana mizungti, combined with any vowel, but only
or mizungti kwa Wazungu, i. t. Eu- five consonants, viz. d, g,j,y, and z,
ropeans are always astonishing. e.g. ?tdio, ngoja, njaa, ?tyumba,
(Cf. -zungu, and perh. conn, with nzuri.
zunguka, kizunguzttngu.) When its function as a prefix (see
Mzunguko, n. (mi-), in general, below) would require its use in com-
a going round, a being round, a bination with other consonants, the
surrounding, and so (1) revolving, effect is as follows :

circular motion, turning, whirling, &c; Before b, n becomes m, e. g. mbaya

(2) eddy, whirlpool, circular course, for nbaya.
orbit, circuit; (3) enclosing, surround- Before w, n becomes m, but the w
ing, besieging (cf. mazingiwa) (4) following
;
is also changed into b, e. g.

sauntering, idling, shilly-shallying mbili for nwili, mbingu for nwingu.

(cf. zunguka). (Cf. zunguka, Before r (or its convertible sound
zunguko, and mzingo, zinga.) /), n is retained, but the r (or /) is
Mzungusho, n. (mi-), a causing changed into d, e. g. ndefti for nrefu,
to go round, a surrounding, an en- ndimi, plur. of ulimi. Cf. also nd,
closing or placing round, &c. Also in words like ndume, ndoa, ndoto,
Mzungushi (wa-), one who causes &c. (perh. indicating a lost / in the
to go (or, be) round. (Cf. mzti- root).
nguko, and zunguka, zungusha.) Before k, p, t, n is represented, if
Mzushi, n. (wa-), also Mzuzi, at all, by giving an explosive force
one who causes to penetrate through to those consonants, e. g. pepo as the
and so emerge, who causes something plur. of upepo.
to appear suddenly. Hence (1) an Before ch,f> h, m, s, and v, n does
innovator, inventor, reformer, revolu- not appear, i. e. cannot be pronounced
tionist, heretic, &c. ; (2) tell-tale, as a pure consonant.
slanderer, gossip-monger, &c. (Cf. (2) As a semi-vowel, or semi-inde-
uzushi, zua, zuka, mzuka.) pendent syllable, n is limited, with
Mzuzu, n. (1) (wa), one who is few exceptions,* to use before g, ch,
inexperienced, at a loss what to do, f, z, d} t, s or another n. Thus it
and so a simpleton, a new-comer sometimes represents the prefix ni in
'

(greenhorn, tender-foot), an ignora- verbs, as in nnapenda, ntakwenda,

mus. Also (2) name of a kind of for ninapenda, nitakwenda, and ap-
banana (see Ndizi). (Cf. zuzua, pears in the words nge, nje, nta, ncha,
and syn. mjinga, mgeni, barathuli.) -ngi, -ngine, -nso, -nzi, nne, in which —
 NA 272 NA
n inclines to the sound of in, especially wapikienina nyama ivapeni vale
e. g.

in the dialect of Zanzibar and in the washibe walale, cook for them, aid
\voTds-ingine,-ingi, inzi. This faintly give them meat, so that they may <at
vocalized use of n is sometimes in- and be satisfied, and go to sleep.
dicated by writing it 'tz or n\ and (The common connectives of pan-
accounts for the sound ny- which it graphs are hatta and bassi.) Ev;n
often assumes before vowels, e.g. when beginning a paragraph, na is
nyumba, nyekundu, nyingi. as a rule in close connexion with a
(For further remarks on the n sound, noun. When used to connect two
see Ny-, Ng', Nya, and Njoo.) verbs, when the verbs are quits
B. As a prefix, n is distinct in mood, tense, &c, e. g.

(i) In verbs a shortened form of omba, na utapewa, ask and you will
ni, i.e. the Pers. Pfx. subjective and receive, &c, the latter verb is com-
objective of the i Pers. S. nnapenda, monly in the Infinitive (i. e. noun)
I love, amentia, he has called me. form, the force of the inflections of
Cf. also ndi (for ni) in ndio, ndiwe, the first verb, mood, tense, person,
&c. See Ndi-, and obs. the irreg. &c, being, however, carried on to
Imperat. n-joo, from ja. the second, e. g. moyo wangu wani-
(2) In nouns, n or ny- (before a ambia, Soma na kusali, my heart
vowel) is a common initial of D 6 says to me, Read and pray. Even
and the Plur. Pfx. characteristic of when connecting two adjectival ideas,
D 4, with various euphonic variants the second is often in noun form,
(see above). e. g. inchi ktibwa na uzuri, an ex-

(3) In adjectives, n or ny- is the tensive and beautiful country, other- —

Pfx. agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6, wise inchi kubwa nzuri. {b) na
subject to the euphonic limitations qualifies, and corrects, and yet
' , withal,
—
given above, and excepting the pro- even,' connexion suggesting some
—
nominal and a few other adjectives. difference, whether with nouns or
Obs. however, the two common irre- verbs. Na tungoje bassi, let us even
gular forms njema (and ngemd) for wait then. Akala na nguruwe, he
nyema, and nipya (for the inadmissible ate even pork. Na is thus commonly
monosyllable pyd), also nd for n- used with pronouns, after a verb,
(ny-) in ndoto, ndume, ndoa, ndio, with an idiomatic force qualifying
ndui, and nduma, as plur. of uma the verb rather than the pronoun,
(perh. to characterize the n as prefix, e. g. njoo naive, do come along, I
and not part of the root). wish you would come, lit. come even
Na is a B. particle, used as a you. Atakaja naye, he is sure to
conj.,prep., and with a verbal signifi- come, lit. even he will come. Kafa
cation, with the general idea of con- naye, he is actually dead.
nexion, association, or the opposites. 2. As a preposition, the main idea

Like kwa and katika it is one of the of na is connexion or association,

commonest particles in Swahili. i. e. ' with,' whether in thought, place,

1. As a conjunction. (a) na, or time, but is inclusive of many

simply connective, { and,' but con- correlative ideas, e.g. disconnexion,
nective mainly of nouns, pronouns, or distance as well as nearness, recipro-
their equivalents, not commonly of cation, separation as well as union,
sentences, or adjectives, which in subtraction as well as addition, i. e.
Swahili usually follow each other ' from as well as ' with, by, to.' E. g.
'

without a separate connective par- alikwenda nababayake, he went with

ticle, e. g. mimi na weive, I and you, his father (also, ' he went and (so did)
baba na mama, father and mother; his father,' or ' his father went also,'
 ; ,

NA 273 NAFASI
or '
even his father went '). Thus (a) there is not. {Kuna {ina,pana, &c.)
na the characteristic preposition of
is
1
there is,' is not used alone, but with
the Agent with a passive verb, alin- a noun or pronoun following, or
awa na adui, he was killed by his another element in combination, e. g.
—
enemy, the instrument being denoted kunako, zinazo.) In all uses na is
by kwa. But na may be used of any very commonly compounded with
active force, and also of the instru- the pronouns {nami, nawe, naye,
ment. Alishikwa na homa, he was nasui, &c), and with the relative
seized with fever. Alipigwa nafimbo, forms of other prefixes (e. g. nayo,
he was beaten with a stick, — also kiva nalo, nazo, napo, nako, &c).
fimbo, or fimbo alone. Also in -na, as a tense-prefix, is the sign of
other passive constructions, e. g. the Pres. Indef., e. g. anakuja, he is
alitokwa na damu, he bled, (b) na coming. The forms of this tense
is used with adjectives and adverbs are constantly used in the sense of
in consonance with its main idea, the Pres. Partic. as the forms of the
e. g. sawa na, equal to ; mbali na (or me tense are for the Past Partic),
ya), from, different from
distant e.g. aka7tiwona anakuja, he saw him
karibu na (or ya), near to pamoja ;
coming. (For -na combined with
na, together with, (c) na is fre- person-prefixes, e. g. nina, zina,
quently connected with the Rp. form hamna, kuna, &c, see Na, 3.)
of verbs (which appears to be formed *Naam, a common affirmative par-
with it), shindana na, contend with, ticle, Yes, Certainly, I understand, It
agana tza, take leave of, tengana na, isso. (Ar. Cf. neema, and syn.
be divided from, achana na, depart ndio, vema, a-hee.)
from. *Nabii, n. {ma-), a prophet, a
3. Na has a very common and preacher of righteousness, one who
important use in connexion, and in foretells the future. Used of Adam,
combination, with the verb -wa, be, Noah, Abraham, Jesus Christ, and
and those other forms, including the others, as well as of Mahomet. ( Ar.
person-prefixes, which are regularly Cf. bashiri, tabiri.)
used with the meaning of -wa (see *Nadi, v. (1) call, summon, an-
-wa), especially li with the relative, nounce publicly, proclaim. Mnada
and the person-prefixes, ni, u, a, 0, i, wa Sultani unanadiwa, the Sultan's
li, zi, ma, ya, pa, ku, &c. With all proclamation is being made. Akoto-
these na is used (and too commonly kea Bilali akanadia kusa/i, Bilali
to need illustration) to express (a) appeared and called to prayers. (2)
having, (b) being, existing. Thus (a) hold a sale (or public auction).
-wa na, &c, have, lit. be with, e. g. Watu wananadi vitu kwa ?nakelele,
alikuwa na malt, he had property. people are having a noisy sale. Mtu
Kitabu alicho nacho, the book which anadiye nguo, a man who sells clothes
he has. Sina nguvn, I have no by auction. (Ar. Cf. mnada,
strength. Yuna afya ? anayo, Has he mnadi, and dalali.)
health ? he has (it), (b) -wa na, be, *Nafaka, n. corn, grain, in —
exist. Palikuwa na mtu, there was general, including rice, maize, millet,
a man. Kuna nini? What is there ? &c. (Ar.)
What is the matter ? Hakuna kitu, *Nafasi, n. (1) breathing time,
there is nothing. In some negative space, room, opportunity, leisure,
phrases na seems to lose all trace of relief, spare time (2) means, money, ;

its connective meaning and preposi- wealth. Sina nafasi, I have no time,
tional force, and to represent itself I am too busy. (Ar. Cf. nafsi,
the force of a verb, e.g. hakuna, nafusi, and syn. pumuzi, pumuzika.)
 —

NAFISI 274 NANGA

*Naflsi, v. usually Cs. nakil-isha, -ishwa.
nafisisha, (Ar. Cf.
accommodate with money, fuatisha, iga, and manuku.
relieve, Dist.
put in easy circumstances. Rf./z- nakili, for nakiri, Arab, not often
nafisisha, make oneself comfortable. used, reject, disapprove.)
Nt. nafisika, get out of poverty, be- Nako, for na htiko, and there.
come well off, be relieved. (Ar. *Nakshi, n. and Nakishi, carving,
Cf. prec. and tanafiisi.) carved ornament, fine chisel-work,
—
*Nafsi, n. ( ), also Nafusi, vital engraving, and used of any orna- —
spirit, breath, soul, self, person, in- mentation of similar appearance, e.g.
dividuality, essence. Generally used embroidery, painting. Pig& (kata)
to emphasize personality, e. g. mimi nakshi, carve, adorn with carving
nafsi yangn (or bi nafsi yangu), I (embroidery, &c). v. carve, —
myself. Wakachukizwanafsizao, they adorn with carving, &c. Ps. naki-
were deeply offended. (Ar. Cf. shiwa. Ap. nakish-ia, -iwa. (Ar.
nafasi.) Cf. chora, pamba.)
*N"afuu, n. ( — ), profit, advantage, *Nakudi,
a trifle.
n. cash,
Nunua kwa nakudi, buy
ready money,
gain, progress, equipment, assistance,
e.g. in money or food, for a journey; off-hand, buy on the spot, i. e. mkojio
esp. of improvement in health, con- kwa vikono. (Ar. Cf. sarifu.)
valescence. Atnepata nafim, he has *Nakulu, See Nakili.
n.
got better (like hajatnbd). (Ar. Cf. Nama, v. bend down. See Inama.
s
syn. riziki, vifaa,faida. ) *Nambari, n. a (single) number,
—
*Nahau, n. ( ), explanation, un-
folding of meaning, and so (i) gram-
e. g. the number which marks
object, person, &c.
an
(Eng. number?)
mar, syntax (2) excuse, quibble,
;
Nami, for 71a mimi, and I, even
subterfuge. N. ya maneno, an eva- me. See Na.
sive statement. Killa neno Una n.
yake, every word has its meaning.
*Namna, n. ( —
example, sample, pattern, model,
), also Namuna,
(1)
(Ar. for the more common maana, sort, kind; (2) special sort, perfect
tafsiri, elezo. Also for '
grammar,' example, model, a rarity, choice
cf. sarufi.) article. Wataka namna gani? What
*Nah.otha, n.(wa-),also Nakho- sort do you want? Nguo hiiya namna,
tha, Nahoza, captain, —
of a vessel. this calico is the best. (Hind.
(Ar.) Cf. Ar. ginsi, aina.)
*Najisi, -najisi, a. unclean, dirty, Namua, v. draw away, disengage,
impure, profane. —
v. also Najisi- get out of a difficulty, take out of
sha, defile, contaminate, pollute, pro- a trap, set free. (Not common
fane. (Ar. Cf. unajisi, chafua, in Z.)
and syn. B. -chafti, -a takataka.) *Nana, n. and Nanaa, mint. (Ar.)
*Nakawa, a. clear, good-looking, *Nanasi, n. (ma-^, pine-apple,
in sound condition, of fine quality, the fruit of the mnanasi. Common
of persons and things. Pembe n., in Zanzibar, in two principal varieties.
good sound ivory. Mtumwa mwema Yields a fibre, used as string. (Ar.
n., a fine good-looking slave. (Ar. Cf. unanasi.)
Cf. -etna, -zima, -ztiri.) Wane, -nane, n. and a., eight, -a
*Nakili, n. also Nakli, Nakulu, nane, eighth. (Cf. Ar. tkemani,
a copy, an imitation, a translation, which is rarely used, and perh. nne,
duplicate. Nakili ya waraka, copy four.)
of a letter. —
v. copy, transcribe, Nanga, n. an anchor, properly, —
translate. Ps. nakiliwa. Nt. of the four-fluked pattern commonly
nakilika. Ap. nakil-ia, -iwa. used, —
a European two-fluked anchor
 — ;;;

NANI 275 NAZI

being baura. Tia (fiutiza) nanga, Nawa, v. wash ceremonially, per-
cast (let go) anchor. Ngoa nangu, form ablutions, according to the pre-
weigh anchor. (Cf. baura, kombe, scribed Mahommedan custom, esp.
flake, also amari, cable.) wash the hands and face, iawaza
Nani, pron. interrog., What person being used of the feet, chatnba of
(persons)? Who? Jina lako nani? other parts of the body. Sometimes
What is your name? -a nani, nawa mikono miguu). Ps.(uso,
Whose ? (Cf. nini, lini, and -pi. nawiwa. Nt. nawika. Ap.
Nao, for na /iao, or na wao, and nazv-ia, wash with (at, by, &c).
these, and they. Napo, for na hapo, Majiya kunazvia, water for ablutions.
and there. (See Na.) Cs. fiawisha, e. g. nawisha watu
Nasa, v. get hold of, catch in a mikono, i. e. bring people water to
trap, hold fast. Ps. naswa. Nt. wash with. (Cf. also oga,fua, and
nasika. Ap. nas-ia, -iwa. Cs. tohara.)
nas-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. tega, guia, Naye, for na yeye, and he, even
kamata, and perh. naia.) him. Mjinga ni mtu naye, a fool is
*Nasaba, n. pedigree, genealogy, after all a fellow man. (See Na.)
lineage. (Arab.) —
Nazi, n. ( ), the ripe fruit of the
*Nasibu, n. chance, fortune, luck, cocoanut-palm {ninazi), which is very
accident. Kwa
nasibu, accidentally, plentiful in Z. (as well as the neigh-
not on purpose, by chance. (Ar. bouring islands and coast) and one
Cf. bahati.) of the most important commercial
Nasihi, v. give good advice (to), products. Nazi is the most general
counsel wisely. Also n. a sincere descriptive name, but seven stages in
friend, faithful counsellor, wise ad- its development are distinguished
viser. (Ar. Cf. mshauri.) under the names (which see): (1)
Nata, v. be sticky, adhere, stick. upunga, the first forming of the fruit
Utomvu wafenessi wanata sana, the on the flower stem (2) kitale, a young
;

sap of the jack-fruit is very sticky. nut (3) kidaka, half-grown (4) dafu,
; ;

Ap. natatia, stick together. (Cf. full-grown and full of milk {inaji),
ambata, ganda.) also cf. uramberambe, and tonga ;

*Nath.ari, n. (i) look, glance ; (2) (5) koroma, when the milk is de-
attention, consideration (3) choice,;
creasing, and nutty part forming (6) ;

discretion, judgement. Nathari yako nazi, fully ripe, no milk, and nut
(or, kzvako), it is for you to choose. hardening (7) nazi kavu, the* nutty
;

Sina n., I have no choice. (Ar. part dry and separating from the
Cf. kitiari.) shell. Cf. mbata. Also j'oya, a nut
*Nath.ifu, a. also Nadifu, clean, full of a white spongy nut- substance
neat, well-kept. Nyumba yake na- kizimwi, without milk or nut ma- ;

thifu sana, his house was in very kumbi, the fibrous husk kifztu, the ;

good order. (Ar. Cf. safi , sajidi.) hard inner shell (dist. kifuo, a stake
*Nathiri, n. vow, solemn promise, used for ripping off the husk)
dedication of something to God. ufuu, the nutty part inside it
Weka 71., make a vow. Ondoa n., kizio, half a nut (when broken
fulfil (perform) a vow. (Ar.) in two). As a* rule, nazi only are
*Nauli, n. fare, charge for freight gathered, i. e. fully ripe fruit, and
(or, conveyance), passage-money. the nutty part used for cooking (cf.
Also v. hire, pay fare for passage tui, chicha, mbuzi) or dried and
(carriage, &c). Cs. nauliska, let sold as copra. Mafuta ya nazi,
for freight (carriage, conveyance), cocoanut oil. Prov. nazi mbovu
charter, be a ship's broker. (Ar.) harabu ya nzima, a bad cocoanut
T 2
 ;

NCHA 276 NDIZI

spoils good ones. (perh. a strengthened and so em-
(See also mnazi,
tembo, gema, kuti.) phatic form of ni, and see also N),
—
Ncha, n. ( ), also Incha, tip, in combination with (1) personal
point, end, extremity, e. g. of a knife, pronouns, ndimi (for ni mimi),
branch, cord, &c. Hakuna refit ndiwe, ndiye, ndiswi, ndinyi, ndio,
lisilo ncha, nothing so long that it i.e. it is I, yes I, yes me, &c. (2)
has no end. Habari ya uwongo ina with the demonstratives ending in -o,
ncha saba, a false story has seven i. e. ndio (ni wad), ndiyo {ni hiyd),
endings, i. e. can be told in many ndizo {iii hizd), &c, it is they, that is
ways. (Cf. kikomo, mwisho, it, &c, and the adverbs of the same
mpaka, and dist. nta, wax.) form, ndiko, ndipo, ndimo, there,
Nchi, n. See Inchi. it is there. Ndiko atokako, that
Nd-, as an initial sound, cf. N. is where he comes from. Often
(See N, A
(i), and Ndi-.) strengthened by repeating the de-
—
Ndama, n. ( ), the young of monstrative after it, ndivyo hivyo,
cattle, esp. a calf, but also distin- it is just so, exactly so. Ndiyo hiyo,
guished as ndama ya ng'ofnbe, calf that is the very thing. Ndio is con-
nd. ya mbuzi, kid nd. ya kondoo, stantly in use as a simple affirmative,
;

lamb. (Cf. nyama, mtamba.) yes, it is so ' (cf. naani).

'
(Cf.
Ndani, adv. within, inside, in the n, A. (1), nd-, and perhaps the
heart. Contr. nje. Ndaniya, prep, irregular form 71/00, Imperat. of j'a,
inside of, within, -a ndani, internal, come.)
inner, secret, heartfelt. Kwa ndani,
Kilifu (which see).
—
Wdifu, n. ( ), also Kidifu, and
(Perh. a plur.
internally, in the inside, in the heart,
secretly. n. from idifu, i. e. 7ilifu, 7idi/u.)
Ndara,
sandal.
n. ( — ), a plain leather
makubazz.)
Ndilo, emphat. for 7ii hilo, that is
See Ndi-.
(Cf. kiatu, it.

Ndefu, (1) a. form of -refit, long, Ndimi, (1) plur. of ulimi, a

—agreeing with D 4 (P), D 6 ;(2) tongue; (2) emphat. for ni mi7ni, it
n. See Ndevu. it I. See Ndi-.
Ndege, n. ( — ), (1) a bird (2) an
;
Ndimo, emphat. for ni hiww, it
omen. N. za anga, birds of the is in there. (Cf. prec.)
air Nnjema (mbaya), a good Ndimu, n. (
— ), and sometimes
(bad) omen. N. akarttka juu, the Dimu, a lime, the fruit of the lime-
bird flew upward. Tusimtilie n., tree, tnndimu, 7ndiniu. There are at
do not let us obstruct him (by any- least two varieties in Z., 7idimii kali,
thing which might be a bad omen). the bitter lime, 7idimu tamu, the
Dim. kidege. (Cf. nyuni, rarely sweet lime. (For kindred varieties
heard in Z.) see Mchungwa.)
Ndevu, n. plur. oi ndevu, the hair Ndio, Ndipo, Ndiswi, Ndinyi,
of the face, beard, whiskers. Also Ndivyo, &c. See Ndi-. Ndio is
ndevu za mashavuni, whiskers. one of the commonest forms of simple
Ndevu za nidomo wajuu (wa chini), affirmation, ' yes, it is so.' (Cf. Ar.
moustache (imperial). (Cf. ki- naam.)
devu, tidevu,sharabu, and perh -refit. ) . Ndizi, n. ( — ), banana, plantain,
—
Ndewe, n. ( ), a hole pierced in the fruit of the 7ngomba. The fruit-
the lobe of the ear, i. e. ndewe ya stalk with the whole head of fruit
sikio, to hold an ornament, some- is called jnkwigu, a cluster or bunch-

times of great size. (Cf. toja) let on it cha7ia (ta7id), a single fruit
Ndezi, n. name of a kind of rat. dole. There are many varieties in
Ndi- is used as a pfx. of emphasis Z., — green, yellow, and deep red,
 —

NDOA 277 NENA

known as kisukari, kipukusa, mzuzu, usually a horn, i. e. pembe ya ku-
mchenga, mkono wa tembo, bungala, tunikia, with which the cupping is
paka, kiguruwe, kizungti, &c. done. (Cf. umika, and chuku.)

riage, —
—
Ndoa, n. ( ), marrying, mar-
often treated as a plur. noun,
*Neema,
comfort;
n. (1)
bounty, favour, help,
ease, affluence,
(2)
ndoa zangu, my marriage. (Cf. oa, grace. Esp.
of providential bless-
tnaozi, and for the form ndoto, ndume, ings, plenty, a good harvest, abun-
and see Nd-. Also cf. harusi, ni- dance of food. Inchi He ina neema
kaha.) nyingi, that is a favoured country,
Ndofu, n. ( — , and wa-), also a good one to live in. Imems/iukia
neema kubwa kwa Muungu, a great
Ndovu, an elephant. (Rarely in Z.,
where tembo is used.) mercy had descended on him from
Ndole, Ndomo, n. plur. oludole, God. (Ar. Cf. naam, and follg.,
uomo (i. e. tclomo). See Kidole, and syn. mbaraka.)
Mdomo. *-neemefu, a. plentiful, abundant.
Ndonya, n. (

ornament worn in the upper Lp, esp.

— ), ring or round (Ar. Cf. follg.)
*Neemeka, v. live at ease, have
by women from Nyasaland (where plenty, be in comfortable circum-
it is also called/^/*?). stances, possess property, get good
Ndoto,
ing.
n. ( — a dream, dream-
), profits.
provide
Cs. neemeska, make rich,
well (Ar. Cf.
(Cf. ota.) for.
Ndugu, n. — fellow
( brother,), sister, neema, tineemefu.)
*Nejisi, a. See Najisi.
cousin, relation, tribesman - (Ar.)
(-citizen, -countryman). Further de- *Neli, n. a tube, a pipe, the —
fined as n. mume, brother, n. mke, word commonly used being mwanzi.
sister. .A7
",
baba mmoja mama (Hind. nal. Cf. Ar. ka'siba.)
mmoja, full brother, with the same *Nema, bend, give way, yield.
v.
father and mother. N. tumbo moj'a, Nt. nem'ka, e. g. of graceful dancing.
brother with the same mother, half- Cs. nem-eska, -eshwa, cause to bend.
brother (at least). N. kunyonya, (Ar. Cf. nepa, and inama.)
foster-brother. Donda n., a malig- —
Nembo, n. ( ), a tribal mark,
nant kind of ulcer. (Cf. tidugu, usually a kind of tattoo. (Cf. syn.
kidngu, and umbu, ?ntani,jamaa.) chale, chanjo, and toja. Prob. a Yao
Ndui, n. plur. small-pox {udui, word.)
a single pustule). (Perh. from ua, Nena, v. (1) speak, have the gift
cf. nduli, from its fatal effects.) of rational speech, articulate, utter,
Nduli, n. and a., a savage person, say; (2) speak of, mention, name,
a killer, murderous, blood-shedding. declare. Kinenacho na kisichonena,
Ndume, n. and a., a plur. form that which speaks and that which
from mime (i.e. ulume), used as does not, a common way of con- —
both sing, and plur.,(i) a male animal, trasting people and things, the ra-
as contr. with man; (2) a man, in tional and irrational. Ps. nena.
respect of manly character and quali- Nt. neneka, (1) be spoken, be men-
ties, rather than of sex or individual- tioned (2) be utterable, be such as ;

ity. Punda ndume, a male ass. can be expressed in words, be fit for
Bata ndume, a drake. Askari mention, &c. Mambo yasiyoneneka,
ndume bora, warlike heroes. Ndume unutterable, indescribable things.
za mpunga, hard grains of rice which Neno hilo halineneki, that word is
resist pounding. (Cf. -ume, and not in use, is not a possible word.
opp.jitie.) Ap. nen-ea, -ewa, e. g. speak against
Ndumiko, n. cupping instrument, (for, to, with, &c), but in common
 a

NENDA 278 -NGALI-

usage ambz'a regularly takes its place hold a argue, debate.
discussion,
for speak to, say to,' and nenea
•
Mtu wa maneno mengi, a talkative,
(when not defined by the context) argumentative person. Maneno ya
is used for speak against, rebuke,
' kiunguja, the Zanzibar dialect.
scold,' more commonly than ' speak Hana he has nothing to say.
n.,
for, intercede for, recommend, praise.' Mnisaidie, nisione neno njiani, help
Hence neneana. nen-esha, Cs. me that I may not find difficulty in
-eshwa, -eza, -ezwa, e.g. cause (pro- my way. (Cf. nena, and j'ambo.)
voke) to speak. E. g. wakancnezana Nenyekea, v. See Nyenyekea.
kwa maneno mabaya, they exasper- Nepa, v. incline downwards, bend
ated each other by abuse. Rp. down, dip, drop (of a rope), sag.
nenana, speak of each other, and so Cs. nepesha, cause to bend, bend (by
commonly, quarrel, abuse each other. pressure, &c). Bakora hit inanepa
(Cf. neno, uneni, mneni, mnena, sana, this stick bends very much.
mnenaji, mnenea, &c. Also sema, Kisu chanepa, the knife (blade)
and ambza. Sema is used exactly bends. (Cf. Ar. nema.
Also
like nena of rational speech, and in inama, pznda.)
most other senses. But (i) with a Ng', thus written, is used to repre-
person-object, nena means mention, sent the only sound in Swahili not
sema, speak against, rebuke, abuse easy to pronounce, viz. a close com-
(like amba). (2) sema has often the bination of n and g which does not
meaning ' talk, converse,' ?iena rarely. pass on to the vowel following,
Ambia with a person-object regu- though forming one syllable with it.
larly takes the place of both nena Thus yang'oa, it plucks up, is pro-
and sema, when the meaning is sim- nounced quite differently from ya
ply, speak to, say to.) ngoa, of desire, in which ngoa is only
Nenda, v. See Enenda. a nasalized goa. The sound is not
-nene, a. (nene with D 4 (P), 5 D common, and only in a few words
(S), D 6), (1) thick, stout, fat, plump, initial. (It is sometimes heard and
broad ; (2) complete.
full, whole, written as gn, but Str. argues that
(Cf. nenepa, unetie, and nono, nona, words beginning with it are treated
-pana, -zima.) grammatically as of the (i. e. D 6) N
Nenepa, v. become fat (stout, cor- declension, and that with pfxs. (e.g.
pulent) —
of persons, but nona, of ki- or ma-) the g is retained even
animals. Cs. nenepesha, make if the n is dropped.)
stout, &c. (Cf. -nene, nona.) -nga- and -nge-, as a pfx. ,is the sign
Neno, n. (ma-), (1) a word, utter- of the Pres. Condit. Tense, as ngali —
ance, expression, message (2) asser- of the Past, e. g. ningapenda, I would
;

tion, objection, argument, plea, love. See Ngali-.

point ; ( 3) thing, fact, matter, affair, Ng'aa, v. be bright,
glitter, gleam,
cause, case (4) a serious matter, shine.
; Cs. ng'aza, make shine.
difficulty, danger, trouble. The plur. (Cf. anga, ngara, &c.)
maneno is also used for (1) language, *Ngabu, n. ( ), a gouge, — —
—
speech, in general, and (2) con- carpenter's tool, same as Bobari.
sultation, discussion, argument, trial, Ngadu, n. a kind of crab. (Cf.
debate. E.g. sikufanya n., I did kaa.)
nothing. Ukiona n., usinene n. Ngalawa, n. ( ), commonly
;

ukinena n., litakujia n., if you see galaiva (which see) in Z., a small
—
anything, do not say anything if dug-out canoe with outriggers.
;

you say anything, something will -ngali-, as a pfx., is the sign of the
happen to you. Fanya maneno, Past Condit. Tense, e. g. m'nga/i-
 a

NGAMA 279 NGEDELE

penda, would have loved. Obs. in wheat, i. e. (?) he has committed a
I
narrative ngali and nga are used fatal error, he has done for himself.
with the person-pfxs. of actual facts, (Cf. kisa, hadithi, and for grain na-
past or present, e. g. angali ana- faka.)
kwenda, he was going ; ktmgali na Ngao, n. (—
), (1) shield, buckler
mapema dado, it was still early. (2) face, or front, of a house. Also
Mvua ingalikinya ?ia tufane ime- of the rear, n. ya nyuma. Kifua
kaza, the rain was falling, and the cha n., a bosom like a shield, —
storm at its height. point of beauty. (Cf. kigao.)
—
Ngama, n. ( ), the hold of a ves-
sel, i. e. in a native vessel amidships.
Ngara, n. (
the Indian corn-plant (Sac).
— ), blossom (male) of

Prov. aendaye tezi na omo, huriidi Ng'ara, v. also Ng'ala, Ng'aa,

ngamani, he who goes to the stern and Angaa, shine, glitter, be bright.
or stem comes back to the hold. (Cf. Cs. ngariza, and anga.)
(Cf. chombo, and banduru, tumbo.)
Ng'amba, a kind of hawk's-head a
—
Ngariba, n. ( ), one who circum-
professional
n. cises, circumciser.
turtle, from which tortoise hell is (Cf. tahiri, ukumbi.) :

procured. Piga (pindua) n. is used Ng'ariza, v. Cs. of ?igara, i. e.

to describe pouncing on a harmless make bright, cause to shine, &c.
person and robbing him. Chuma Ngariza mac/10, glare with the eyes.
cha n., the shell. (Cf. kasa.) Ap. ngarizia, e. g. glare on (at,
Ng'ambo, n. one of two opposite with, &c). Cs. ng arizisha, e. g.
sides or positions, the other side, the make glare, glare fiercely. (Cf.
farther side, e. g. of a river or creek. anga, ng'aa, ng'aza.)
Ngambo ya kuku, the near side, this
side.
Ngawa, n. ( ), civet cat,
Ng\ ya pili, the other, further paka wa zabadi. One of the
— i.e.
few
side. (In Zanzibar city Ngambo is wild animals left in Z. (with the pig,
the general name for all that part of monkey, and serval or leopard).
it, including several minor districts Umekaa kama ngawa, you a live like
iniitad), which has grown up in the wild creature. (Ci.fungo, zabadi.)
last40 years on the land side of the -ngawa, used with person-pfxs. to
creek which used to bound it.) express though,'
'
e. g. ningawa,
(Cf. Unguja, and perh. Ar. jamb, though I am (was) ingawa, though ;

side (of the body).) it is (was). Wangawa walikwenda,

—
Ngamia, n. ( ), a camel. Also,
a common term of abuse, like tigombe,
though they went. (Pres. Condit.
of -wa, v. C f. - nga- -japo, kwamba. )
,

mbuzi, i. e. idiot, fool, the camel — —

Ngazi, n. ( ), a ladder, set of
being regarded as a type of stupidity. steps, stairs, i. e. ngazi ya kukwelea.
(Camels are used in Z. only for turn- (Cf. kwea, daraja.)
ing oil-mills, and imported for the Ngazija, n. the Great Comoro
purpose.) Island. Hence Mngazija, a Comoro
—
Ng'anda, n. ( ), a handful, as
much as can be held with the fingers,
man. Kingazija, the Comoro lan-
guage.
esp. of something clinging or stick- Ng'chiro, n. ( — ), also Mchiro,
ing together, as ugali. — (Cf. a mangouste, raungoos.
? ganda, or chanda, and dist. kofi, -nge-, sign of the Pres. Condit.
konzi, chopa.) Tense. See -nga-.
Ngano, n. ( — ), (1) a story, a —
Nge, n. ( ), or Inge, a scorpion.
tale, narrative, fable (cf. kisa, ha- Ngedele, n. a small black mon-
dithi) (2) wheat, i. e. the grain.
; key,— also called tumbili, kihtmbili.
Prov. amektda ngano, he has eaten (Cf. kima.)
 —
NGEMA 280 NGONO
Ngema, a. often used in Z. for Ngojo, n. ( — ), waiting-place,
njema, i.e. (i) the form of -ema station, post, period of waiting,
agreeing with D4 (P), D 6
;'
(2) watch. (Cf. ngoja, kingojo, and
without a noun, as common expression zamu, Undo.)
of assent, good, very well, certainly, Ngoraa, n. a drum. As the one
like inshallah, ewalla. (Cf. -ema.) universal accompaniment of all merry-
—
Ngeu, n. ( ), a line used by car- making, and ceremonial, ttgoma is
extended to include (1) any kind of
penters for marking work, a ruddle,
so called from the red chalky earth dance, (2) music in general. Piga
applied to make the mark. {chapua) n., beat a drum. Cheza
Ngi, -ngi, n. and a., variants of (ingia) n., join in a dance. N. ya
ungi, wingi, -ingi, which are usual kucheza, dancing for amusement. N.
in Z. See Ingi, &c. ya kupunga (pepo), dance for the
Ngia, -ngine. See Ingia, -ingine. exorcizing of a spirit. Ngoma ikilia
— —
Ngiri, n. ( ), wild boar, com- satta, haikawii kupasuka, when a
monly nguruwe wa tnwitu. drum sounds loud, it will soon break.
—
Ngizi, n. ( ), a kind of cuttle-fish. (Drums are of many sizes and patterns,
Wino wa tt., the dark fluid emitted. and these as well as the accompanying
Kifun cha n., cuttle-fish bone. dances and modes of beating vary
Ng'oa, v. root up, dig out, tear with every tribe, and with the different
out, pull up. Ng'oa mti, root up a occasions of their use. Cf. goma,
tree. Ng^oa jino, extract a tooth. kigoma, and see tari, msapata, da-
Ng'oa macho, gouge out the eyes. ttdalo, kiumbizi, msondo, vumi, cha-
Ng'oa hema, strike a tent. Ng'oa puo, kumbwaya, kitanga, kis/iina,
safari, start on a journey. Ps. msoma, mga?ida. And for musical
ng'olewa. Nt. tig' oka, e. g. moyo instruments, kinanda, santuri, kinubi,
unletting oka, my heart jumped into zeze, zomari, toazi, upato, kayamba,
my mouth. Ap. ngo-lea. (Cf. panda, baragumu/filimbi.)
fukua, toa, ondoa.) —
Ngombe, n. ( ), ox, cow, bull,
Ngoa, n. desire, passion, lust. cattle. Defined as n. ndume (or, mak-
Timiza n,, satisfy the passions. Tia sai), ox, bullock; n. jike, cow; tt.
n., weep for jealousy. (Cf. ha'wa, fahali (or fahali only), bull. Ndama
shauko.) ya n., a calf. Kukama tt., to milk
—
Ng'oe, n. ( ), a forked stick or a cow. Prov. wawili hula ng'ombe,
pole, e.g. for gathering fruit, &c. two can manage an ox. Dim.
(Cf. ng'oa and kiopoe.) king'ombe. Also used as a term of
—
Ng'ofu, n. ( ), roe of a fish. insult, idiot, blockhead, like ngamia,
Ngoja, v. wait, wait for, await, mbuzi. (Cf. fahali, mtamba.)
stay for, remain. Ngoja mlango, Ngome, n. ( ), —
fort, fortress,
wait at a door, act as door-keeper. stronghold, castle. (Cf. syn. gereza,
—
Ningoje, wait for me, also ningojee. bo ma)
Ap. ngoj-ea, -ewa, wait for (at, with, Ng'onda, v. cure, — of meat, fish,

&c), be patient with, &c.,e.g. ningo- &c, e.g. by cutting in strips, and
jee bwatta aje, wait for your master drying in the sun. Ps. ng'ondwa.
to come. Cs. ngoj-eza, -ezwa, (There seems also to be a n. ng'onda,
e. g. keep waiting, delay, adjourn. king' onda, i. e. a strip or slice of
Rp. ngojatta, e.g. wait for each other, dried meat, fruit, &c.)
wait all together. (Cf. tnngoje, Ng'ong'o, n. plur. of ung'ong'o
ngojo, kingojo, mngojczi. The ;/ (which see).
sound is sometimes neglected, e. g. —
Ngono, n. ( ), and plur. oiugono,
mgoja mlango, a door-keeper.) (1) sleeping time, and so, night; (2)
 —

NG'OO 281 NGUVU

sleeping-turn, a wife's turn or time Nguri, n. a shoemaker's tool (Str.).
for sleeping with her husband.
{Gona in cognate dialects means
Nguru, —
n. (
of good quality
), name
of a fish,
for eating and often
sleep, v., but is not used in Z. Cf. of large size. (Cf. samaki.)
sinzia, /a/a.) Nguruma, v. make a rumbling
Ng'oo, int. also Nyoo, expressing or roaring noise, —
of any loud and
utter contempt, a contemptuous re- deep sound, e. g. roar of a lion,
fusal. thunder, roar, growl, rumble. (Cf.
Ngozi, n. and Ngovi, skin, — of any follg. and vuma.)
animal, hide, leather. Chuna «., Ngurumo, n. ( ), a loud roaring, —
take off the skin, skin, flay. Te- rumbling sound, growl. Leo kuna-
ngeneza {fanyiza) n., tan hides. piga ngurumo, it is thundering to-
(Govi also occurs, but in Z. in re- day. Mshitido wa ngurumo, a clap
stricted sense, in relation to circum- of thunder, i.e. radi. (Cf. prec.)
cision, tohara.) Nguruwe, n.
Nguwe, a pig,
( — ), also Nguuwe,
Ngumi, n. fist. Piga n., strike hog, swine. N. wa
with the fist, give a cuff to. (Cf. mzvitu, a wild pig. N.jike, a sow.
syn. konde.) Nguruwe
ndilo a/enda/o,
aendea/o,
Ngungwi, n. plur. or Nkungwi, what a pig goes for, that he does.
songs taught to boys, when circum- Also of a loose, immoral character,
cised ;also called malango. (Perh. yu/e nguruwe a/iyetaka kufisidi
cf. kunga, kungwi.) nyumba, that vile wretch, who wanted
—
Nguo, n. ( ), (i) cloth, as ma- to violate a home.
terial, i.e. any woven fabric, of cotton, Nguruzi, n. See Nguzi.
flax, silk, &c, but commonly cotton Nguu, n. in the phrase mwenda
cloth, calico (2)
; a cloth, a piece of nguu. Ki/io cha mwenda nguu, the
cloth, for whatever purpose, e. g. cry of one who utterly despairs, of —
nguo ya meza, a tablecloth nguo za some irreparable calamity.
;

kitanda, bed clothes nguo za ku-

;

ugu/ia, mourning; (3) clothes, a tee.

Nguva, n. ( ), a dugong, mana- —
garment of any kind. Vaa n., put Nguvu, n. force, strength, power,
on clothes, dress oneself. Vika n., in general. —
Thus (1) strength of
clothe (another). Vua n., take off body, muscular physical power,
clothes, undress. Fuma n., weave strength of mind, or character, ability,
cloth. Tanda n., prepare the web energy, vehemence, or mere mechani-
in weaving. Sifa ya nguo ni pindo, cal strength, force, impetus, momen-
the merit of a cloth is the (coloured, tum, solidity, stability, pressure (2) ;

embroidered) border. (Perh. cf. authority, supremacy, influence, im-

no, chtio. Various kinds of cloth are portance, weight, earnestness; (3)
known as nguo asi/i, in commerce exercise of force, compulsion. Tia
'
grey sheeting,' nguo maradufu, grey {pa) n., strengthen, consolidate, esta-
drilling. Amerikani,kaniki, bendera, blish. Fanya {too.) n., use (put forth,
bafta, huthurungi, satini, gamti, exert) strength, exercise authority.
j'o/io, u/aiti, hariri, shashi, &c. For JVeno /a n., an effective, forcible state-
articles of dress cf. (1) for men, ment, command*. nguvu, (1) Kwa
kikoi, kanzu, kisibati,fu/ana,kitambi, by force (strength, ability, energy,
ki/emba, kofia, shuka, gwamba, joho, &c), (2) in a high degree, strongly,
.sorua/i, mfuria. (2) for women, earnestly, (3) reluctantly, under com-
shiti, kisuto, kanga, /eso, kanzu, pulsion, against the will, e. g. a/iku-
sorua/i, dusama/i, barakoa, ukaya, ba/i kwa nguvu, he consented under
she/a, &c.) pressure. (Cf. bidii, uwezo.)
 NGUZI 282 NINA
Nguzi, n. also Nguruzi, a hole (a) inside position, (b~) place simply,
in the bottom of a boat or vessel, for (c) environment generally, e.g. nyu-
letting water out, i. e. tundu katika mbani mwangu, in my house; sha-
mkuku. mbani pangu, at my estate; kuangu-
—
Nguzo, n. ( ), (i) pillar, support- kani kwangu, in my fall, as I fell. (3)
ing column, post, prop, buttress, pali- -ni, is subjoined to verbs as a con-
sade, pale, pole; (2) fig. assistance, tracted form of (a) nini ? What ? e. g.
support, evidence, fundamental prin- kunani ? for kuna nini ? What is the
ciples. Forms of prayer are called matter? or (b) of ninyi, e.g. kwa-
nguzo ya sala. Nguzo ya imani, herini, good-bye all of you twende ;

articles (pillars) of faith, creed. In zetuni, come along all of you ame- ;

house-building nguzo are the poles kupeni vingi, he has given you many
forming the sides and supporting the things.
roof. (Cf. kiguzo, and tegemeo.) —
*Nia, n. ( ), intention, purpose,
-ngwana, a. (same with D —
4 (P), resolve, but extended to any mental
D 5 (S),D 6), (1) of or belonging to activity, and can be translated
the status of a free man, as con- ' thought, idea, opinion, mind, con-
trasted with a slave {mtunvwd), and so science, heart, character,' &c. Nia
of a relatively high social grade, and haikuwa moja, ndio usipate j'ambo,
(2) civilized, educated, gentlemanly, your mind was not made up, so you
well-mannered. (Cf. ungwana.) did not succeed. N. njema {swafi),
Ngwe, n. (perh. plur. of ugwe), a good disposition. N. mbovu (batili) ,
a measured plot, or patch of ground, bad thoughts (character, conscience).
whether (1) a bed or row, of young — v. have in mind, think of, purpose,
plants, &c, or (2) an allotment, intend. (Ar. Cf. nuia, and syn.
ground assigned for cultivation, or kusudi, wazo, moyo, lhamiri, mradi.)
for a task. (Cf. kuo, and perh. —
*Nikahi, n. ( ), and Nikaha,
—
ugwe, of the line used in measuring.) marriage, esp. with reference to for-
Ni is used simply as a copula, malities, ceremonial, &c, betrothal,
without distinction of person or num- espousals, marriage settlement, e.g.
ber, or definite indication of time, humfungia nikaha Jnimwoza, he
though usually equivalent to the makes a match for her, and gives her
present tense of the verb tva, i. e. I in marriage. Aka?)iwoa kwa nikaha,
am (was), you are (were), he (she, it) and he married her in due form.
is (was), we (you, they) are (were), Fungisha n., perform the marriage
e.g.yeye ni mwema, he is a good man. ceremony for. Sikiliza (shuhudia)n.,
Ni hivi Hi, it is just so. Nyumba attend (attest) a marriage, said of —
ni tupu, the house is empty. the congregation present at the
Ni-, -ni,-ni-,as a formative prefix mosque. (Ar. Cf. ndoa, harusi,
(1) in verbs, is the pfx. of the 1 Pers. maozi.)
Sing, subjective and objective, I, me. Nikali, Nili, verb-forms, and I
When subjective, it is sometimes n, am (was), -ni, pfx. of 1 Pers. Sing.,
or omitted altogether, e. g. ninapenda, ka connective, li in the sense of -wa,
I love ; nnaona, I see ; takwenda, I v. Nikali nikienda, and I was on
will go. (2) in nouns, is suffixed to the move. See -li.
form a locative case, meaning in, at,
'
—
*Nili, n. ( ), indigo, and esp.
to, from, into, near, by,' and used with blue, as used in washing. (Ar.)
the prep, mwa, pa, kwa (and mw-,p-, Nina, n. (1) mother,— only in
kw-, as the prefix of the pronom. adj. poetry, and a few phrases in Z. (cf.
agreeing with nouns in the locative mama). (2) verb-form, I have. See
case), according as the reference is to Na.
 — ;

NINGA 283 NNE

Ninga,
dove.
n.— ( a kind of green
),

Used also as a woman's name. lar

Njema, a. also Ngema, an irregu-
form of -ema, good, agreeing with
Akakaa na Molawe, kama ninga na D 4 (P), D 6, for ny-ema. Often as
utawi, and he rested with his God, an adv. in rejoinders, like vema, Good !

like a dove on a branch. Very well Certainly

! (Cf. -ema,
!

Ning'inia, v. or Nying'inia, ngema.)

sway, swing, wave to and fro, dandle Njia, n. plur. used as sing. ( — ,

(a child), rock, e.g. of trees, matawi (1) path, road, way, track; (2) way (or
yaninginia, the bunches (of fruit) means) of proceeding, method, means
swing to and fro on the tree. Cs. (3) progress, effect, influence. N. kuu,
ning'in-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. kining- highway. N. pa?ida, a parting of
ina, and syn. wayawaya, yumba- roads, cross- ways. Ar ya knkata,.

yumba.) a short cut. Maneno yenyi njia,

Nini, pron. interrog. what ? often forcible — (effective, practical) sug-
subjoined to verbs in the contracted gestions. Njia ya mwongo fupi,
form -ni. Wataka nini? What do a liar's career is short. Njia mbili
you want? Ya nini, kwa nini? zaumiza, double courses bring pain.
Why ? What for ? Kunani ? for knna (Cf. ja, v.,. and the Ap. form -jia,
nini? What is the matter ? Hajambo also ujia, kijia.)
nini ? Are you well, (or) what ?
(Cf. nani, lini.)
Njiwa, n. ( ), a pigeon. N. wa
mwitu, a wild pigeon. N. manga,
—
Ninyi, pron. of 3 Pers. Plur., also a tame pigeon, i. e. brought from
Nyinyi, you, ye. Often subjoined to Arabia and domesticated. See
verbs in the unreduplicated form -ni, Manga.
e.g. njooni, come (ye). Kwaherini, Njombo, n. ( ), name of a fish,
good-bye all of you. Ntakupigeni, barred with black and yellow (Str.).
—
I will beat you. (Cf. -enu, your, Njoo, Njooni, v., 2 Pers. Sing,
as containing the
Wipe, for unipe, give
same element.)
—
and Plur. Imperat. of -ja, come,
haps the only really irregular forms
me, 2 Pers.
— per-

Sing. Imperative (or Subjunctive) of which are invariably used in Swahili.

-M v. Other monosyllabic verbs as a rule
Nipo, verb-form, I am here, ni, use for Imperat. the Subjunct. form,
person-pfx. of 1 Pers. Sing., and -po, or else the Infin. form, and some-
adverbial of place. (Cf. hapo.) times e for a in the plur., e.g. kula,

(Ar.)
—
*Nira, n. ( ), a yoke (for oxen). eat, is used as an Imperat., and leni,
eat, plur. So kunywa, and nyweni.
—
*Nisha,n. ( ), or Nashaa, starch.
(Ar. Cf. syn. ttwanga.)
Njozi, — vision, apparition.
n. ( ),
(Cf. ndoto, ota.)
*Njaa, n. ( — ), hunger, craving for Njuga, — a small
n. ( worn
), bell,
food, lack of food, famine. Nina as an ornament, and dances. at
{naond) n., I am hungry. Shindisha (Cf. kengele.)
kwa n., starve.
the pangs of hunger.
Ar . inauma, I
Njaa ya
ground nut. Two
feel Njugu, n. ( — ).

(1) njugu
leo mazve, which
ni varieties are
s/iiba ya kes/10, hunger to-day means are hard, and (2) njugu ?iyasa, soft.
(i.e. hopes for) plenty to-morrow. *Njumu, n.j,used of ornamental
(Ar. Dist.jaa, dust -heap). work, done by inlaying, or studding
—
Nje, adv. outside, opp. to ndani. with metal, brass nails, &c. Kasha
-a nje, external, outside, outer, out- kubwa la njumu, a large chest orna-
ward. Nje ya, outside of, on the mented with metal. (Hind.)
surface of. Kwa nje, outwardly, on Nne, n. and a., four. As a n.
the outside. always a disyllable, and pronounced
 ;

NOA 284 nsruKU

almost as inne; but as an a. with Noo, n. (ma-), a large whetstone,
prefixes commonly heard as -ne only, grindstone. See Noa, Kinoo.
e. g. watoto wanne or wane. Nne
with D 4 (P), D 6. -a nne, fourth.
—
Nso, n. ( ), and Inso, a kidney.
(Figo also sometimes used.)
Kumi na nne, fourteen. (Cf. Ar. —
Nta, n. ( ), and Inta, wax, bees-
—
syn. droba, also often used.) wax, collected by natives from
Noa, v. sharpen, make sharp, whet, mizinga (see Mzinga) and brought
give —
an edge to, of metal tools, to the coast.
weapons, knives, &c. Ps. nolewa. *Nuia, also Nuya, have in
v.
Nt. noleka, e. g. take an edge, be mind, consider, purpose, intend, form
capable of taking an edge. Ap. a resolution. Ps. nuiwa. Ap.
nolea, e. g. jiwe la kunolea, a whet- nui-lia, -liwa, e. g. resolve as to,
stone. Cs. no-lesha, -leshwa. Rp. form a good resolution about. Cs.
noana. (Cf. kinoo, noleo, noo, and nui-za, -zwa, cause to have in mind,
dist. nyoa.) remind, instruct. (Ar. Cf. nta.)
-nofu, a., nofu with D 4 (P), Nuka, v. (1) give out a smell,
D5 (S), D 6, lean, (of meat) i. e. all have a smell, smell, but esp. (when
flesh, no fat or bone, i. e. 7iyama used alone) of a bad smell, stink
tupii. (Cf. mno/u.) (2) take into the nostrils, e. g. as
Nokoa, n. (ma-), the second man snuff. N. vizuri (vema), have, a
in authority over a plantation, under pleasant smell. N. vibaya (or ntika
the msimamizi, and over the kadamu, alone), have a bad smell. But nuka
sub-overseer, assistant. is also used of a sweet smell, like
Noleo, n. (ma-), (1) any instru- nukia, e. g. akinuka nieski na am-
ment sharpening, i. e. a whet-
for bari, (a person) smelling of musk
stone, grindstone, strop, knife-shar- and ambergris, and with an objective
pener, i. e. kitu cha kunolea (cf. pers.-pfx., inaninuka ambari, I smell
kinoo, nod) (2) a ferrule, metal ring
;
ambergris. Tumbako ya kunuka,
round the haft of a tool. (Ci.pete.) snuff. Nuka (usually ntisa) tumbako,
Nona, v. get fat, usually of ani- take snuff, or, smell of tobacco.
mals (nenefta of man). Cs. non- Ap. nukia, have a sweet smell. Also
es/ia, -eshwa. (Cf. -nono, unono, nuk-ilia, nuk-iliza, smell out, follow
and -nene.) hodari wa kunu-
by scent, e.g. mbwa
Nondo, n. and Noondo, (1) a kiliza, excellent sporting dogs, dogs
kind of moth or grub (2) a kind of with a good sense of smell.
;
Cs.
serpent. nusa, nukiza, use the sense of smell,
Nong'ona, v. whisper, speak under smell, smell out, and so of dogs
one's breath (in a low tone). Cs. hunting, scent, follow by scent, and —
nong on-eza, -ezwa, address in a whis- of taking snuff. (Cf. follg. and
per, whisper to, e. g. ?nnong' oneze harufu, uvundo.)
baba yangu, whisper to my father. Nukato, n. (ma- y anything having ,

Rp. nong onana, nongonezana, whis- a sweet smell, odour, perfume, scent.
per to each other. (Cf. mnongonezi, (Cf. mika, and see -to.)
mnongouo, unongonezi.) *Nukta, n. a dot, point, mark,
-nono, a. (nono with D
4 (P), spot, vowel sign (in Arabic writing),
D 5 (S), D 6), fat, sleek, plump, well mark of punctuation (comma, stop,
fed, — of animals, &c. (-nene properly &c.) (Ar.)
of human beings) and things, e. g. *Nuku, v. for Nukulu,copy,
maisha nono, a life of luxury. transcribe. — n. (ma-), a copy,
Ng"ombe wanono, fat cattle. Kinono, duplicate. (Ar. Cf. nakili, na-
a fatling. (Cf. nona, unono.) kulu.)
 NUNA 285 NYA
Nuna, v. grumble, show discon- zikampotea, he lost his happy ex-
tent,complain, be sullen, sulk. Nuna pression. Waanake hao nunc zao
uso, look discontented (sulky). Ap. sawasawa, these two women are
nun-ia, -iwa, be sulky about, com- equally good-looking. (Ar. Cf.
plain of (to, &c). Cs. nun-isha, mwanga, weupe.)
-tshwa, put in a bad temper, cause Nusa, v. Cs. of Nuka (which
to grumble, &c. Rp. nunana, sulk see).
together, complain of each other.
(Cf.
n. ( ^Nussu,
), and Wuss, a half,
nungunika, guna, mnunaji, a part, a portion, a bit. Nussu may
—
mnuno.) denote any fraction of a whole.
Nunda, n. a fierce animal, beast Nussu kidogo, a little bit. Kata
of prey, —
used also to describe a nussu nussu, cut in halves (pieces,
cruel bloodthirsty man. The semi- bits) Gawa nussu kwa nussu, divide
.

wild town cats are sometimes called in halves. Nussu . . . nussu, partly
nunda (ma-), or mnunda (mi-). . . . partly. (Cf. Ar. m'sf, middle,
Nundu, n. a hump, protuberance, half.)
boss, lump, bump, esp. of the hump —
*Nusura, n. ( ), and Nusra, (i)
of native cattle, which is considered aid, assistance, help; (2) as an adv.,
a delicacy. Achinjaye ngombe, atoa almost, nearly, within a little, e. g.
nundu, akampa jumbe, when a man amenitukana nusura kunipiga, he
kills a bullock, he takes the hump abused me almost to the point of
and presents it to the chief. Nundu- striking me. (Ar. Cf. follg.)
nundu, or kinundunundu, humpy, *Nusuru, v. help, assist, defend,
lumpy. (Cf. kigongo.) preserve, —
esp. of God's help. Muu-
Nungunungu, n. (ma-), a porcu- ngu ameninusuru, God has helped
pine. me. Tunusttru watumwa wako,
Nung'unika, v. murmur, grumble, help us your servants. (Ar. Cf.
show discontent, complain. Ap. saidia.)
nung'tmikia, grumble at (about, to, Nwa, Nweleo, Nwewa, Nwesha.
&c). (Cf. follg. and guna.) See Nywa, Wyweleo, &c.
Nung'uniko, n. (ma-), grumbling, Nwele, n. plur. of TJnywele
murmuring, complaint. (Cf. prec.) (which see), hair.
Nunua, v. buy, purchase, bargain Ny- represents the sound of ni in
about, make a bid Ps. nunu-
for. the word compa?iion, but slightly
liwa. Nt. nunulika. Ap. nunu- thicker and more nasal (Str.), the —
lia, -liwa, buy for (with, at, &c). sound taken by n when a pfx. before
Amenunuliwa shamba, he has had a vowel (see N, B. (2), (3)), and also
an estate bought for him. Cs. nu- occurring in many Swahili words.
nu-za, -zwa, e.g. cause (press, invite, See follg.
persuade) to buy. Nunua bia (or Nya, v. As in other monosyllabic
shirika), buy jointly, combine to buy. verbs, the infinitive form, i. e. kunya,
(Cf. mnunuzi, and Ar. syn. zabuni.) is used in forming certain tenses.
*Nurisfia, v. Cs., cause to shine, See Ku, 1. (d). 1. Act., meaning
make bright, give light to. (Ar. 'discharge, emit, let fall, drop,' of
Cf. nuru, and angaza, ngariza.) something fluid, or semi-fluid, but
*Nuru, n. ( —Tia
), light, brightness, restricted almost entirely to the pas-
illumination. n., brighten, il- sage of excreta, and, when used alone,
luminate, make bright (clear, in- of urine. The only other common
telligible). Toa n., give out light, use is as a neuter, of rain, fall, '

shine. Used of a bright expression be discharged.' Thus kunya mavi

or complexion, e.g. nuru za uso (damu), pass faeces (blood). Ktime-
 !;

NYAFUA 286 -NYAMAFU

kunya sana leo, it has rained a great (With nyaka, which is seldom used,
deal to-day. Mvua yanya, rain is cf. daka, catch, e. g. a ball in
falling. Inakunya, it is raining. play.)
Ps. nywa (see below). Ap. nyea, Nyala, Nyali, NTyalio, plurals
e. g. aisifuye mvua, imevmyea, he from ala (?u-ala), wall, rice, and
who praises rain has had it. Cs. tvalio (which see).
nyes/ia, (i) of rain, Muungu ame-
nyesha mvua nyingi, God has caused
Nyama, n. — ( , but see Mnyama),
— mostly
(1) an animal, beast, brute,
much rain to fall. (2) e.g. nyesha of the larger animals (2) flesh, meat ;

mtoto, attend to a child at stool. (3) body, substance, matter, chief

2. Pass. The passive form -nywa constituent, e. g. nyama ya mkate,
is the common word for ' drink, crumb as opp. to crust (of bread),
absorb, suck up, exhaust, consume,' nyama ya embe, the flesh of a mango-
either of liqirids or figuratively of fruit, nyama ya roho, the material

other things, —corresponding to -la, part of the soul ; (4) fig. of a brutal,
eat. (Nyiva only retains a trace of stupid, degraded person. N. ya
the vowel sound of y, and is often intuitu, a wild animal. N. ?nkali
heard and written as nwa.) Having imbuai), a ferocious beast. Wewe
an active meaning, nywa has its own kisu, sisi nyama, you are the knife,
passive and derivative verb-stems, we are the animal, i.e. at your mercy.
viz. Ps. nywewa, be drunk up, be In concords nyama is treated as 1 D
absorbed, dwindle, pine away, be or D 6, e. g. wakaenda nyama zote,
consumed, dissolve away, evaporate, all the animals went. (Cf. mnyama,
vanish. Nt. nyweka, e.g. (1) be which seems only used when there is
drunk up, &c. (2) be capable of
;
special reason for distinguishing an
(fit for) being drunk, be good for animal as a living creature. Also
drinking purposes. Ap. nywea, perh. cf. ndama.)
drink at (with, for, to, &c), e.g. *Nyamaa, v. be silent, stop talk-
kopo la kunywea, a mug to drink ing, hold one's tongue, be (become)
with. Nywea salamu, drink to the quiet, die away, cease, be still, used —
health of. Sometimes also ?iywea not only of talking and noise, but of
for nywewa, e. g. killa siku mkewe anything violent, troublesome, or
huzidi kunywea, every day his wife painful, e.g. of wind, bodily suffering,
got thinner. Nyama imenywea, the &c, e. g. kichwa chaliniuma, sasa
meat has dried up (in cooking). kirjienyamaa, my head was aching,
Cs. nywesha, nyweshwa, cause to now it does not ache. Ap. nyama-
drink, furnish diink to, supply with lia, e. g. be quiet to (for, in, &c.\
water, &c. (Cf. kinywa, kinywaji, Cs.nyamaza, usually Intens.,i. e. keep
manyest, manytiny 0, nyweleo, and quiet, refrain from noise, repress one-
for pour out (a liquid), mimina,
'
' self, and in the Imperat., Silence
mwaga.) Hold your tongue Hence nyamazia, !

Nyafua, v. snatch off, tear off, bite e. g. mama amemnyamazia mtoto, the
off, snap up, e. g. simba amemnyafua mother made the child quiet, and a
ng'ombe nyama, the lion has torn off derived Cs. nyamaz-isha, -ts/iwa, re-
a piece of the bullock's flesh. (Cf. duce to silence, make quiet, calm,
follg., of which nyafua is perh. a still. (Ar. namas, cf. follg. and
variant.) kimya, tulia from tua.)
Nyaka, Nyakua, v. catch in the -nyamafu, a. same with D 4 (P),
hands, snatch up, tweak, pluck with D 5 (S), D
6, silent, quiet, still, re-
the fingers, twitch, —
also filch, pilfer. ticent, reserved. Mtu
mnyamafu, a
Derivatives not commonly used. man who says very little, keeps to
 NYAMBTJA 287 NTEMELEA
himself. Panyumafu, a
nyamaa, and
quiet spot. plunder, — persons
by war or violence.
or things, taken
(Cf. -tulivu.) Teka nyara,
Nyambua, v. pull in pieces, tear take captive. (2) for nyala, plur.
into bits, take off in strips, peel off. of a/a (which seeV (Cf. teka,
Ps. nyambuliwa. Nt. nyambuka, mateka, and perh. Arab, ghara, raid,
come to pieces, fall into bits, be plunder.)
peeled off, e. g. of over-ripe fruit, over- Nyasi, n. (ma-), a reed, long
cooked meat. (Cf. ambua, and coarse grass. Also plur. of unyasi.
nynmbua, nyafua.) Nyata, v. go silently (quietly,
Nyamgumi.n. ( ), a whale. —
-nyangalika, a. used as an evasive
stealthily), steal along, slink, skulk,
sneak, e. g. of a wild beast's stealthy
or contemptuous epithet of what is walk, or of a hunter stalking game.
difficult, impossible, or unfit to de- Ap. nyat-ia, -iwa, creep up to, steal
scribe, a sort of a —a what-do-you-
, upon, stalk (of a hunter). (Cf.
call-it, a nondescript. Kitu kinya- nyemelea, tambalia, gundidia.)
ngalika, a nondescript thing. Mnya-
ngalika gani huyu ? What sc 't of a
—
Nyati, n. ( ), the African buffalo,
and in Z. used of the Indian.
wretch is this ? Nyauka, v. dry up, be withered,
Nyang'amba, n. a sweetmeat. shrivel, —
with heat, or drought. (Cf.
Nyanganya, v. take by force, the more common kanka, anika,
steal, plunder, rob, —
with the thing anuka.)
stolen, or person robbed, as object. Nyayo, n. plur. of uayo (which
Amevinyanganya malt, he has robbed see).
him of money. Alinyanganya yule Nyea, cause a tickling or itching
v.
mtoto, he kidnapped that child, or, sensation, tickle, itch. Upele unani-
he robbed that child. Ps. nya- nyea, the eruption itches. Ps.
nganywa. Nt. nyanganyika. Ap. nyewa, be made to itch, be irritated,
nyangany-ia, -iwa. Cs. nyangany- tickled. (Cf. mnyeo, nyega, nyegi,
isha, -ishwa. Rp. nyanganyana. kinyefu, and syn. washa.)
(Cf.mnyanganyi, and iba,pokonya.) -nyefu, (same with
a. 4 (P), 5 D D
Nyangwa, n. plur. of wangwa. (S), D moist, wet, damp, humid,
6),

(Cf. kima)
—
Nyani, n. ( ), an ape, a baboon. marshy, watery. Also -?iyefunyefti.
(Cf. nya, nywa, mnyefu, and syn.
Nyanya, v. cause to be prominent, rutuba, maji, uloefu, chepechepe.)
protrude, put out, raise up. Aka- Nyega, v. cause to itch or tickle,
nyanya mkono, akachukua upanga excite prurient desire. Cs. (intens.)
mtnoja, and he put out his hand, and nyeg-esha, -eshwa, and Rp. nyegesh-
took one sword. —
{ma-) , tomato,
n. ana. (Cf. nyea, and follg.)
fruit of the mnyanya. (Cf. nya- Nyegi, n. itching, tickling, irrita-
nyuka, and nyanyasa.) tion, esp. of sexual excitement, pru-
Nyanyasa, v. or Nyanyaza, tease, rient desire ; and in animals, heat.
annoy, molest, treat disrespectfully or (Cf. prec.)
rudely, hurt the feelings of. (Not Nyele, n. plur. of unyele (which
a common word, perh. Cs. of nyanya, see).
cf. syn. sumbua, tit hi, chokoza.) Nyeleo, n. tyia-), also unyeleo,
Nyanyuka, v. be prominent, rise pore (of the skin). (Cf. nya, v.,
above the rest, stick up, stick out. and tokeo.)
Also perh. a variant of nyambuka Nyemelea, v. go quietly up to,
(which see). (Cf. inua, tokeza, one- steal up to, creep upon, stalk (a wild
kana, nyanya.) animal or bird), surprise. Ps.
Nyara, n. plur. (i) booty, spoils, ?iyemelewa, e. g. be approached by
 NYENJE 288 NYONDA
stealth, be taken by surprise. (? Cf. Nyima, v. withhold (from), keep
nyamalia, nyamaa.) back (from), deprive,
refuse, not
Nyenje, n. a kind of cricket. give, — esp. of what
due, a person's is
Nyenya, v. talk a person into e. g. wages, a debt.
right, E. g.
telling, talk over, extort an admis- yuna haki ya kupewa, lakini ame-
sion from, extract news, pump with mnyima kasidi, he has a right to be
questions. Ps. nyenyewa. Nt. paid, but the other* has kept it back
nyenyeka, be talked over, give way to purposely. Muutigu hapi kwa mvua,
pressure, submit. See Nyenyekea. hanyimi kwa jua kali, God does not
Ap. nyenyeka, get at a secret, &c, give by rain, or withhold by heat.
whence nye?iyeleza, introduce quietly, Ps. nyimwa. (Other deriv. rare.)
slip in secretly. Cs. nyenyes/ia, (Cf. follg.)
intens. Rp. nyenyana. (Cf. Nyimi-nyimi, adv. in little bits,
follg.) by beggarly scraps, with a grudging
Nyenyekea, v. (strictly the Ap. hand. (Cf. prec.)
form of Nt. oi nyenya), act with sub- Nyingi, Nyingine, a. forms of
mission (humility, reverence, respect) -ingi, -inginey —
agreeing with 4 D
towards, be polite (obsequious, (P), 6. D
cringing, &c.) to, be humble, defer Nying'inia, v. See Ning'inia.
to. E. g. kijana amenenyekea babaye, Nyinyi, pron., same as ninyi
the young man treated his father (which see), you (plur.).
with due deference. Ps. nyenyekewa. Nyinyoro, n. a bulbous plant
Cs. nyenyek-eska, -eskwa, e. g. teach which throws up a large head of
humility to, humiliate, &c. (Cf. red flowers (Str.).
nyenya, mnyenyekeo, and follg.) Nyoa, v. shave off, of hair only. —
Nyenzo, n. plur. of uenzo, wenzo Ps. nyolewa. Ap. nyo-lea, -lew a,
(which see). e. g. uembe wa kunyolea nyele, a
Nyesi, n. {ma-), excrement, dung, razor to shave with. (Cf. kinyozi,
urine, filth. (Cf. nya, kinyaa, and and perh. unyele, and nya, nyonyoa.)
syn. mavi, ukojo.) -nyofu, a. (same with D 4 (P),
Nyeta, v. be teasing (tiresome, D 5 (S), D
6), (1) straight, extended,
hard to please, unsatisfied, never con- stretched out ; (2) usually fig.
tent), be ill-mannered (disrespectful, straightforward, honest, upright,
arrogant), swagger. Ap. nyet-ea, trustworthy, e.g. mtu mnyofu, an
-ewa, e. g. be disrespectful to (about, honourable man. Maneno manyofu,
&c). Cs. nyet-esha, -eskwa, e. g. plain, direct statement. (Cf.
cause to be troublesome, impertinent, nyoka, n. and v., nyoska.)
&c. Nyoka,
(1) become straight
v.
Nyie, pron. for ninyi-ye, you (extended, laid out in a straight line),
(plur.), you there. (Cf. miye, weye, be straightened (2) fig. be straight- ;

and ye.) forward, be honest (practical, stead-

Nyiga, n. {ma-), a large wasp, fast, effective), e. g. maneno ya ku-
a hornet. nyoka. Cs. nyoska (which see).
Nyika, {ma-), open, bare, tree-
n. (Cf. -nyofu, and follg.)
less wilderness, open forest with high Nyoka, n. a serpent or snake of
grass, a barren, desolate region, any kind. There are not many
contr. with mwitu, e. g. takaenda poisonous varieties in Z. Pythons
wee mwitu na nyika, mwitu na {ckatu) are comparatively common.
nyika, we went on and on, through (Cf. prec.)
woods and wastes, forest and field. Nyonda, n. plur. trial, testing,
(Cf. poll, puluhijjangwa.) proof, experiment. In Z. nyonja
 —

NYONDO 280 NYOYA

(from onja) would be more usual. suckle, give suck to, put to the
(Cf. onja, jar ibu.) breast.
Nyondo, n. See Nondo, Ny- Nyonyoa, v. pluck out hair (fea-
undo. thers, wool, &c), pluck a bird, shave
Nyonga, v. (i) twist, twist the unskilfully (pulling instead of cutting).
neck of, strangle, throttle ; (2) vex, Mninyonyoeni manyoya, pluck out
harass, worry; (3) as a neut., twist, my feathers. Ps. nyonyolewa, e. g.
wriggle, move from side to side. ngozi ya kondoo, isiyonyonyolewa
Ps. nyongwa. Ap. nyong-ea, -ewa. malaika, a sheepskin with the wool
Cs. nyong-esha, -eshwa. (Cf. on. Nt. nyotiyoka, e.g. kima
follg.) amenyonyoka manyoya pia, the mon-
Nyonga, of unyonga, but
n. plur. key had all its hair plucked off.
also
hip, —
used as a sing. n. ( ), the
the part where the thigh (paji)
— Ap. nyo7iyo-lea, -/ewa. Cs. nyonyo-
sha, used fig. nag, constantly harass,
and flank (kiuno) meet. Uchungu worry, tease. (Cf. unyoya, and
iva mtoto u katika nyonga y a mamaye, nyoa.)
the trouble with a child is on the Nyonyota. See Nyota.
—
mother's hip, native women often Nyoo, int. See Ngoo.
carrying a child astride on the hip. Nyosha, v. Cs. Cf. nyoka, v.,
(Cf. nyonga, v.) make straight, straighten, stretch,
-nyonge, a. (same with D 4 (P), Ps. nyoshwa.
extend, elongate.
D 5 (S),D 6), of a low order (degree Ap. nyosh-ea, -ewa.
Rp. nyoshana.
or kind), low, mean, base, degraded, Nyosha mkono, put out the hand.
servile, insignificant, vile. Lia ki- Nyosha kamba, haul a rope tight.
nyonge, cry in a feeble helpless way. Jinyosha, stretch oneself, take one's
(Cf. nyonga, tinyonge, and syn. hafifu, ease, enjoy oneself, rest. So nyosha
duni, -baya, thaifu.) ngongo, straighten the back, on com-
Nyongeza, n. plur. of uongeza, pletion of a job. (Cf. nyoka,
addition, appendix, supplement. -nyofu.)
(Cf. ongeza.)
Nyongo, n. Also some- haionekani mchana, a star is not
bile.
Nyota, n. ( — ), a star. Nyota

times as irreg. plur. of niwongo, as if visible in daylight. Nyota-nyota,

uongo, e. g. nyongoni mwa siku, in or nyonyota, is used of a drizzling
course of time. (Cf. mwongo, rain, lit. drops, droppings (cf. ma-
miongo, number, reckoning, decade.) nyunyo). In poetry nyota means
Nyongoa, v. straighten, stretch, '
thirst, drought,' i. e. kiu. (? Cf.
untwist. Jinyongoa, straighten one- ota.)
self, stiffen oneself, — used of convul- Nyote, a common contraction for
sive stretching. (-oa here seems ninyi nyote, you all, all of you.
Rv., like -ua. Cf. nyonga, and follg.) Cf. sote, for sisi sote. Ninyi wote,
Nyongonyea, be languid, be
v. commonly for '
both of you (two).'
weary, get slack and weak. (Cf. See -ote.
—
nyonga, the termination perh. giving Nyoya, n. {ma-), also plur. of
the idea of being untwisted, loosened, Unyoya (which see), a hair, a single
relaxed. Cf. syn. legea.) feather, a piece*of wool, an animal's
Nyonya, suck the breast,
v. hair. Manyoya used generally
is
of a child or animal. Nyonya titi of the external covering, wool, hair, —
la mama, suck the mother's teat. feathers,— of the bodies of birds and
Ndugu wa kunyonya, foster-brother animals, — more particularly of the
(or -sister). Mtoto mnyonya, a babe, smaller body feathers of birds (contr.
suckling. Cs. nyony-eska> -eshwa, ubawa, mbawa, of the wing feathers),
U
 —
NYOYO 290 NYUNYIZA
and of short hair in animals (cf. singa &c, and called n.ya mitt, y a udongo,
of long hair), —
down, both of birds ya makuti,ya majani, &c, but ex-
and animals, being malaika. Nyele, tended also to a house of any kind, as
nyele za singa, is regularly used of of masonry, n. ya mawe, or of corru-
human hair. (Cf. nyoa, unyoya, gated iron, n. —
ya mabati, &c, also
uoya, unye/e.) called jumba (ma-). Also some-
Nyoyo, n. plur. See Moyo. times of structures made by animals,
Nyua, n. plur. of ua (which see). birds' nests, lairs, burrows, — more
Nyuki, n. ( ), a bee.
nyuki, honey.
— Asali ya
Nyuki huenda na
commonly called tundu, kitundu
and fig. of objects resembling a house,
;

tnaua yake, the bee goes with its e. g. nymnba ya randa, the stock
flowers. Fathili za 7iyuki ni moto, of a plane. (2) household, but —
a bee's thanks is fire, i.e. all the this is more commonly watu wa
thanks it gets. 7iyumbani, or simply nyumbani, as
Nyuma, adv. after, behind, (i) in the polite inquiry, Hiijambo {u
of place, —
behind, at the back of, hali gani) nyumbani ? I hope your
whether (a) on the further side of, family are well? Prov. nyumba
beyond, or (b) after, in the rear of; kuu haina nafasi, a great house has
(2) of time, (a) hereafter, in the little room. Nyumba ya udongo
future, (b) behind, in the past. For haihimili kishindo, a house of earth
the apparent vagueness of meaning cannot stand a shock. (For words
cf. mbele, in which also the meaning connected with house-building, &c,
is decided by the context and implied cf. jenga, aka, (materials) ?nti,
mental attitude. Waiu wabaya udongo, ko?7ibamoyo, ufito, ka?nba,
tvataondoka nyuma yangu, may nguzo, mwamba, bati, jiwe, chokaa,
mean bad people will rise up after tufali, (roof, roofing) paa, kipaa,
'

me (when I am gone, in the future, kuti, jatii, ezeka. And with ny-
'

— if of time; or behind me, in my umba, cf. jumba, kijumba, chumba,

rear, —
if of place). Mamboya nyuma, mchumba, kinyumba, and umba.)
may mean (1) the future, mambo ya Nyumbo, Nyumba, n. ( ),name
baadaye, mambo ya mbele, or (2) the of an antelope (wildebeest, or gnu,
—
past, mambo yaliyopita, yaliyokwisha Str.). Used in Z. of the mule, also
zamani, yaliyokuwa mbele. Cf. called baghala (which see).
baada ya nyie hakuna wangine ny- Nyumbua, v. used of handling
uma yenu, after you there are none a flexible, elastic, adhesive substance,
coming after you, i. e. of greater —
bend, draw out, stretch, manipulate
consequence than you, which might without breaking. Nt. nyumbuka,
also be expressed by mbele yenu. be flexible (elastic, bend, yield to
Kudi n., go back. Kaa n. sit be- pressure) without breaking.
f
(Cf.
hind. Huko n., often means mean- pinda, kunja.)
'

while, to resume/ —
of returning to a Nyundo, n. ( ), a hammer. —
point in a story, -a nyuma, behind, (Cf. unda, mzuunzi.)
in the rear, in the past, in the future. Nyungu-nyungu, n. ulcerous
Nyuma ya, after, behind, in the rear cracks or sores on the feet, between
of,beyond. (Cf. kinyume, mbele, the toes, &c. Miguu yangu ime-
baada, kabla.) fanya nyungu-nyungu kwa jasho,
Nyuma, n. plur. of uma (which my feet are ulcerated with the heat.
see). Also a name of a worm.
Nyumba, n. ( —
properly of a native house, made
), (1) a house, Nyunyiza,
nyunyizwa.
v.
A p.
sprinkle. Ps.
7iyunyiz-ia, -iwa.
of poles, sticks, wattles, earth, grass, Cs. 7iyunyiz-isha, -ishwa. Rp.
 NXTJNYO 291
nyunyizana. (Cf. manyunyo, and as a suffix, -o
is the sound character-
pern, chunyu, nya. Also mimina, of the relative pronoun, who,
istic '

mwaga, rashi.) which.' It is used in combination

Nyunyo, n. mostly used in plur. with the appropriate declension prefix
form manyunyo, sprinkled liquid, of the noun referred to, e. g. zoo, yo, lo,
sprinklings, drizzle, light rain. (Cf. zo, cho, vyo,po, ko, mo, but the simple
prec. and maraski.) -o is capable of being substituted for
Nyushi, Nyuta, n. See Ushi, any of these, except in the few phrases
Uta. when these relative forms are used as
Nywa, Nywea, Nywesha, v. separate words, not affixed to a verb-
See Nya. form, e.g. lo lote, vyo vyote, Sec, e.g.
Nyweleo,
n. (ma-), also Nyeleo, kiwe cho chote. The only exception
pore, — of
the skin. (Cf. nya, is that e or ye is almost always used
nywa, and kinweleo.) for o, to agree with the Personal
Nzi, n. (mainzt), a fly (insect). Pronouns in the singular number,
See Inzi. and with D i (S), e.g. mtu aliye
Wzige, n. ( — ), a locust. mwema, a man who is good mimi ;

nipendaye ndizi, I who am fond of

O.
O, A. As a sound, represents
the open vowel o sound, as in Italian
and other continental languages, which
would be written aw in English, or
or with the r smooth, not trilled.
The English closed vowel sound, as
in no, is hardly pronounceable by a
native.
When unaccented, the o retains the
same difference in a less degree.
short o sound in English not would
be represented by a Swahili as nart,
not as nort. The o in Swahili words
must always be uttered with the lips
open, never with a sound at the w
end, i.e. like owe.
and Uare often not clearly
distinguished in Swahili, especially
when unaccented, and in words of
Arab or foreign origin, perhaps partly
under the influence of Arabic, which
has one vowel sign for both. In some
words o and u coalesce. Thus ao
and an represent equally well common
pronunciations of the adverb meaning
*or.' Kuoga, kuota become kwoga,
kwota, and koga, kota ku-ole becomes
; already mentioned or referred to,
kwote and kote and uoga, woga and
; that in question,' and in adverbs, &c,
oga.
bananas.
The above relative forms cannot as
a rule bear the accent, and therefore
in verbs can only follow tense signs
capable of bearing an accent (i. e.
na,ja, li, -ka, not ta, me, Sic).
These forms are sometimes affixed
to the adj. -ingine, somewhat general-
izing the meaning, e.g. vitu vingi-
nevyo, any other sorts of things,
The panginepo, elsewhere, in some (any)
other place -mojawapo).
(cf.
An independent (uncombined) rela-
tive form is made, regularly in Mom-
basa and elsewhere, but seldom in Z.,
by affixing the above forms to the
root amba, with or without kwamba
following, e. g. kitu ambacho (or,
ambac/w kwamba) 7iakipenda, a thing
which I like, and so ambaye, ambazo,
ambalo, Sec See Amba.
(2) Connected with the of relation
is the of reference, which occurs (a)
in one form of demonstrative adjec-
tive, viz. hnyo, huo, hiyo, hicho, hao,
Sec, i.e. the pronoun of relative near-
ness or reference, 'that there, that
formed from it, huko, hapo (b) in ;

Comparatively few Swahili words combination with na, when it may be

begin with o. regarded as a shortened form of the
B. (i) In prefixes, and also alone. above demonstrative adjective of re-
U 2
 —
OA 292 OKOA
ference, e. g.yunaye (or yu nay eye, he ogeleshepunda, make the donkey swim
is,zinazo for zi na hizo, they are, &c. across. Cs. ogesha, ogeshwa, e. g.
(3) -0 is subjoined to nouns some- take (send, order) to bathe, and osha,
times as an abbreviated form of wao, oshwa (which see). Rp. ogana, e.g.
wako, e. g. wenzio for wenzi wao, all bathe together.

their companions. Oga, (2) v. fear, be afraid, be timid,

Oa, v. take a wife, marry a wife, be cowardly. Derivative stems ogwa,
of the man only. Ps. oawa (seldom ogeka, ogea, ogewa, ogeska, ogana,
used), be married, —
of the man only. —
seldom if ever heard, their place
Also Ps. olewa, be married, of the — being supplied by ogopa, ogofya, &c.
woman only. Nt. oleka, of the wo- (See follg., and cf. kofu, tiska, sluka,
man only, be —
married, be marriage- -cha, v. As contrasted with kofu,
able. Ap. olea, olewa, marry with oga refers more to the character and
(for, at, in, &c), e.g. of gifts, acces- disposition, the mental attitude, kofu,
sories, place, &c. for marrying. to its direction and object, esp. appre-
Cs. oza (also oaza), ozwa, cause (per- hension of the future.)
suade, allow) to marry, perform the -oga, a. cowardly, timid, nervous,
ceremony of marriage. Used of pa- easily frightened. Sometimes also as
Tents, friends concerned, persons as- n. for woga(uoga) (which see).
sisting, the official, &c, and even of (Cf. oga, v. fear,and follg.)
the bridegroom, ' get for wife, take in Ogofisha, Ogofya, v. both used
marriage' (cf. zika, zishd). Hence as Cs. of ogopa (which see), frighten,
Ap. ozea, ozewa, and ozelea, marry to terrify, alarm, threaten, menace.
(with, at, &c). Hence ozeska, oze- Ogofya, ogofyo (and ?nwogofyo,
shwa, e. g. imiozeshe mtoto wako, uogofyd), is also a n. generally used
allow me to marry your daughter. in the plur. 7naogofya, menace, threat,
Rp. oana, of the couple* marrying, denunciation. (Cf. oga, ogopa, and
and of intermarriage generally, of syn. kamia, hofisha, tiska.)
families, tribes, &c. (Cf. ndoa, ka- Ogopa, v. be afraid (of), fear, feel
rusi, 2Lt\dposa,poza, and dist. oza, v.) fear. Ps. ogopwa. Ap. ogop-ea,
*Ofsa, n. (ma-), also obsa, hobsa, -ewa, e. g. akuta unyonge kwa ku-
afsa, officer, i. e. the English word as ogopea roko, he gets disgrace because
pronounced by a native. So ofis, for of being afraid for his life. Cs.
office. ogof-isha,-ishwa, ogofya, i.e. frighten,
Oga, (1) v. bathe, wash the whole terrify, threaten, menace. (For in-
body, take a bath. Koga is often terchange of and p see F, and cf.
f
used as the root (i. e. ku-oga, see gomba, ugomvi, iba,'mwivi. For ya,
Ku-), and distinguishes the verb from as a Cs. form, cf. pona, ponya, and
oga, fear. Ap. ogea, ogewa, e. g. ya. Also cf. oga (2), and note.)
tnaji ya kuogea, water to bathe with, Oka, v. roast, toast, bake, i. e. -pre-
and cf. pakicogea, a bathing-place, a pare by applying fire only, not with
bath-room, chakuogea, a vessel to water. Of pottery, burn, bake. Ps.
bathe in, a bath, i.e. of the European okwa. Nt. okeka. Ap. okea,
kind, —
otherwise kiogeo, birika (and okewa, and okelea. Cs. okeska,
cf. hamamu). Hence a further Ap. okeskwa. (CLJoko, and for cook-
ogelea, ogelewa, ogeleka, used esp. of ing pika, choma, kaanga.)
swimming, with a Cs. ogel-eza, -esha, Okoa, v. save, rescue, deliver,
-ezwa, make (cause, teach) to swim. preserve. Fs.okolewa. Nt.okoka.
Ogelesha vyombo, swim boats, as — Ap. oko-lea, -hwa. Cs. oko-za, -zwa,
children do. Sometimes olesha. Hapa- intens. e. g. exert oneself to save,
ogeleki, you cannot swim here. Mw- rescue, &c. Rp. okoana. (Cf.
 a

OKOTA 293 ONA

wokovu, mwokozi, maokozi, also opoa, plead for, intercede for, or petition
pona. Kr. connects it with oka, as a against, rather than ask for (i. e. to
Rv. take off the fire, i. e. at the right have) or ask of (i. e. from). Thus
time, keep safe and sound.) kumwombea kwa Muungu, to inter-
Okota, pick up, take up
v. (i) cede for him with God, is more usual
with fingers, hand, &c. (2) light ;
than kuombea baraka za Muungu,
upon, come across, find by chance, ask for God's blessing, or simply
get without exertion or anticipation. kuombea Muungu, pray to God.
E.g. of fishing, wakiokota nguva, Cs. omb-esha (ombeza), -eshwa, e. g.
hugaivana, if they come across a cause to beg, instruct in prayers, &c.
dugong, they divide it. Ps. okotwa. Rp. ombana. (Cf. mivombi, mwo-
Nt. okoteka, e. g. maji ikimwagika mbaji, maombi, mtuombezi, uombezi,
haiokoteki, spilt water cannot be also syn. sali, sihi, uliza. In salt
picked up. Ap.okot-ea, -ewa. Cs. (said), however, the outward form
okot-esha, -eshwa. Rp. okotana. (ceremonial, ritual) of praying is the
(Cf. syn. zoa, kuta, vumbna, pata, prominent idea, in omba, the object
and perh. okoa.) in view, in sihi, the praying itself as
Ole, n. (no plur., but treated as an expression of felt need, an urgent
D 4 (S), ivole, i.e. uole), usually appeal. Uliza, is inquire of, or for ').
'

with a pron. adj. as an exclamation Omboleza, v. bewail, lament, in —

of woe or pity, i. e. ole wangu !woe a ceremonial way. Used of formal
is me wao ! how sad for
! ole them ! chanting of dirges, &c. (Cf. mao-
Also mwenyi ole, a melancholy, sad, mbolezo, matanga, and perh. omba.)
despondent person. Omo, n. (ma-), forepart of ship,
Olesha, v. also Oleza, shortened —
bows, prow, also called gubeti.
Cs. of oga, for ogelesha.
'
See . Pepoza omo, winds that carry forward,
Oga (1). a wind astern, a fair wind. (Cf.
Olewa, v. Ps. of oa (which see), mdomo, mwomo, domo.)
be married. Omoa, v. (1) dig up, dig out,
01eza,v. and Oleleza, make straight break up, e. g. of breaking up soil
(even, level) with, —
and so, follow a with crowbars, &c. (2) fig. disturb,
;

pattern, copy, imitate. Oleza kituna weaken, cause trouble in, make con-
kitu kingine, make one thing like fusion; (3) bring to light, reveal,
another. (Cf. kiolezo. Not a usual show, begin, set on foot. E. g. omoa
word in Z. Ci.fuatisha, linganisha, udongo, break up earth. Omoa vita,
sawazisha, iga.) bring about a war. Ps. omolewa,
Omba, v. beg
be a beggar,
(of), e. g. tnti huomolewa 11a tunda zake,

pray (to), request, ask (of),

with — ifa tree is dug up, so are its fruits.
either person asked, or thing asked, Nt. omoka. Ap. omo- lea, -lew a.
as object, or both. Thus omba mtu, Cs. omo-sha, -shwa. Rp. omoana.
ask a person. Omba mtu kitu, ask (Not often heard in Z. Cf. chimbua,
a person for a thing. Also omba kitu fukua, tekua, vumbua, and perh.
kwa mtu, ask a thing of a person, e.g. umua.)
nimeomba nguo kwa bwana, I asked Ona, v. used of any mode of per-
my master for clothes (cf. om'bed). ception by th» senses or the mind,
Ndivyo tuombavyo, so we pray, —
and hence with a wide range of mean-
common rejoinder on hearing good ings, viz. 1. of the senses. (1) of
news. Ps. omfava. Nt. onibeka, sight. Ona alone and unqualified by
e. g. be asked, be a proper request. context usually means, see with the
Ap. omb-ea, -ewa, usually in a re- eyes, as contr. with other senses, e. g.
stricted sense, e. g. ask on behalf of, kusikia si kuona, hearing is not the
 I

ONA. 294 ONDOA

same as seeing. Ona (Imperat.), him. Usimwonee makosa, do not visit
look, use your eyes (contr. tazama, his errors upon him. (2) commonly
fix your gaze upon, contemplate, used alone in the restricted sense
angalia, observe, attend to). By a of an active expression of ill-feeling
curious inversion, ona also is used for against, i. e. ill-treat, harass, per-
' be transparent/ e.
g. nguo hit inaona, secute, oppress. Wale ndugu waka-
this calico is transparent, i. e. one can mwonea Siyalela, the sisters were
see through it, it sees. (2) of the hard on Cinderella. So also in Ps.
other senses, e. g. naona kishindo, I onewa, be ill-treated, persecuted.
hear a noise. Naona harufu, I smell Hence also a Rp. oneana, tease each
a smell. Naona mti hnu mgumu, I other, as well as ' feel towards each
feel this wood is hard. Naona uta- other,' and a further Ap. verb-stem
mu wake, I taste its flavour. Naona one-lea, -lewa, in the simpler sense
kiu (nj'aa), I am thirsty (hungry). '
feel towards.' Cs. (a) onya, Ps.
(3) get to see, come on, find (cf. follg.). onywa, (1) cause to see, show, dis-
2. of mental perception, of all kinds. play, e. g. nalimwonya nj'ia, I showed
(1) of feelings, very commonly with him the road; (2) warn, admonish, re-
a defining noun, e. g. ona kibtiri (hu- prove, nikamwonya asiende, I warned
ruma, hasira, tiwivu furaha, hay a,
,
him not to go. Onya-onya kwa
mashaka, huzuni, &c), I feel pride mikono, gesticulate. Hence onyeka,
(pity, anger, jealousy, joy, shame, and onyekea, e.g. nimemzvonya,lakini
doubt, sorrow, &c). (2) of other hakuoneka, I warned him, but he
—
mental faculties, observe, think, be was incapable of taking a warn-
of opinion, notice, discern, judge, ing- (P) ony-esha, -eshwa, show,
consider, expect, fancy, imagine. E.g. point out, demonstrate, make clear
naona, —very commonly alone, — (for the simple ones ha, which seems
think so, certainly, probably, possibly, —
never used, though formed from
it is likely, perhaps. ATaona nyani onya). Hence onyesh-ea, -ewa, e.g.
kusema, I observe an ape speaking. (pass.) have a thing shown to one.
Naona utaona ajabu kuona bama Also onyana, of mutual warning.
hii, I think you will feel surprise at Rp. onana, see each other, often —
seeing this letter. Ps. onwa, of all of friendly meetings, cf. onana uso
the senses of the Act. Nt. oneka, kwa uso, meet face to face kwaheri ;

e. g. (1) be seen, &c. ; (2) be per- ya kuonana, good-bye we meet

till

ceptible (visible, audible, tangible, again. (C f. tazama sikia angalia

, ,
,

&c). So onekana, i. e. come into and mboni, oneo, onefu. )

view, become visible, be apparent, Ondoa, v. (1) start off, set going
be perceptible, appear, appear like, off; (2) take (put, send, move) away,
(as if), seem to be. Rf. jiona, remove, take out of the way, set
(1) feel oneself, e. g. najiona nipo aside, dismiss; (3) do away with,
kwetu, I feel myself quite at home, abolish, finish off, conclude. Unio-
I quite at my ease
am (2) common-
;
ndoe nisimame, start me (help me) to
ly of affectation, self-conscious pride, get up. Akili nyingi huondoa maari-
&c, i. e. be conceited (arrogant, fa. Over-cleverness overrides pru-
ostentatious, affected), e. g. anajiona, dence, wits are not wisdom. Daraka
he is conceited, proud of himself, ya kuondoa na kuweka, responsibility
showing off. Ap. on-ea, -ewa, e. g. for removing or establishing. Ondoa
(1) see, feel, &c. with (for, at, by, nathari {ahadi), fulfil a vow, dis-
in, against, &c), e.g. nataka kuji- charge a promise. Ondoa matanga,
onea, I want to see for myself. bring funeral ceremonies to an end.
Namwonea chuki, I am offended with Ondoa thambi, remit sin. Ps. ondo-
 ONDOKEO
lewa. Nt. ondoka, e.g. (i) go
away, make a move, get out of the
way, start off, set out (on a journey),
depart, withdraw, retire (2) rise up,
;
get up, stand upright (as the first
step to going off, &c), e.g. often in
295 ONGOA
Ongea, n. only used in Z. in the
sense, spend time, talk, gossip, idle,
converse, pass time, waste time. No
derivative stems in use. (Cf. ma-
ongezi, ongeza, and syn. zungumza,
semezan a pish a wak ati.)
,

beginning a story, paliondoka (or Ongeza, v. Cs. increase, add to,

paliondoked) mtu, a man went (be- make greater, multiply, magnify, en-
gan, made a start). Ondoka mbele large. Ongeza maneno, make a
yangu, get out of my way. Ondoka lengthy (or, additional) speech.
katika tilimwengti, depart from this Ong. urefu, lengthen. Ps. ongez-
world, die. Alikuwa amelala, a- wa. Nt. ongezeka, e. g. be added
kaondoka anaketi, he was lying pros- to, increase, multiply. Ap. ongez-
trate, but he rose (made a move) and ea, -ewa, e.g. tumeongezeiua mizigo,
sits up. Hence ondok-ea, -ewa, (1) we have had our loads added to.
make a move for (against, at, with, Rp. ongezana. (Cf. maongezo,
&c.), get out of the way of, esp. of nyongeza, and equally common Ar.
rising up before, as a sign of respect, syn. zidisha, zidi.)
e.g. haondokewi, no respect is shown Ongezo, n. (ma-). See more com-
him; also (2) rise up, swell, protrude, mon (plur.) Maongezo.
stand out, become prominent, e.g. Ongo, n. (ma-), only in plur.
maziwa yaanza kumwondokea, her maongo, sometimes used for 'the back,
breasts begin to swell. Hence a back part (of man or animals). (Cf.
'

further Ap. form ondokel-ea, -ewa, e.g. more usu. mgongo, and ungo, maungo.)
rise up and leave a place, and ondo- -ongo, a. lying, false, pretended,
keana. Ap. ondo-lea, -lewa, e. g. —
sham, deceitful, but -a uongo is the
send (take, put) away for (by, with, form commonly used of things. (Cf.
at, &c), i.e. remove from, deprive mwongo of persons, uongo, and perh.
of, rid of, condone, forgive, &c. follg.)
Ondolea heshima, disgrace, degrade. Ongoa, v. cause to go right, guide,
Ond. mashaka, rid of difficulties. lead, set right, reform, correct, con-
Ond. huzuni, comfort, cheer. Ond. vert, make successful, prosper.
tha?nbi, absolve from sin. Ond. Ongoa mtoto, give a child a good
hatiya, acquit, &c. Rp. ondoleana, training. Useme naye hatta u-
ondoana. mwongoe, talk to him till you convert
Cs. ondo-sha, -shwa,
intens. send off, him. Ongoa mbele, lead forward.
despatch, dismiss,
cause to go away, do away with. Ongoa njia, make the road straight,
Ondosha nanga, get up an anchor take a straight course on. Uongo
(commonly ng'oa). Ondosha mtu- hauongoi, a lie does not pay. Ps.
mishi, dismiss a servant, or despatch ongolewa. Nt. ongoka, e.g. be-
on an errand. (Cf. toa, weka, come straight, be set right,
be well
twaa, in various senses, and ma- taught, prosper, be reformed, be con-
ondokeo, maondoleo, and follg.) verted, &c. E.g. vilimo havikuo-
Ondokeo, n. (ma-), departure, &c. ngoka, their plantings did not turn
More usual in plur. (Cf. prec.) out well. Ongoka moyo, become a
Ondoleo, n. (ma-), removal, &c. reformed character. JMti umeongoka,
More usual in plur. (Cf. ondoa.) the pole has become straight, is
Onefu, n. (ma-), ill-feeling, un- straight. Hence ongok-ea, -ewa, e.g.
kindness. (Cf. ona, onea.) mwaka huu tvatu wameongokewa,
Oneo, n. (ma-), unkind treatment, this year people have been prosperous
persecution. (cf. fanikiwa). Ongokea Muungu,
 —
.ONGOFU 296 OTA
be turned (directed) to God. Ap. velvety, tender. Nguo nyororo, a soft
ongo-lea, -lewa, ongoea, e. g. ongolea fabric. Godoro jororo, a soft mat-
mtoto, get a child to be tractable. tress. Mwili mworoi'o, soft flesh.
Munngu amemwongolea kazi, God (Cf. laini, -anana, contr. -gumu,
has granted success to his labours. hard.)
Cs. ongo-za, -zwa, intens. make go Osha, v. Cs. of oga (see Oga,
right, drive forward, carry on vigor- —
Ogesha), wash, the most general
ously. Ongoza kazi, do good work. term for washing anything, but for
Ongoza maneno, give a good turn to special kinds of washing see Fua
a discussion, clear up a statement. (' beat,' of clothes), Nawa, Tawaza.
Ongoza kuku, drive fowls along a Osha nguo, wash clothes (cf. josho,
road. Hence ongozana, e.g. ng'o- ?nwosho). Osha mwili (maiti) wash ,

mbe zimeongozana, the cattle have the body (a dead body). Ps.
worked their way on. Rp. ongo- oshwa. Nt. osheka, e.g. be washed,
ana. (Cf. mwongozi, kiongozi, be washable, stand washing. Nguo-
-ongofu, and perh. ongea, and even za kuosheka, a good washing stuff.
-ongo, of which ongoa is possibly Rv., Ap. oshea, oshewa, e. g. unioshee
i. e. turn from wrong. nguo, wash my clothes for me. Mahali
-ongofu, a. one who is set right, pa kuoshewa maiti, a place for wash-
reformed, converted, well-conducted, ing corpses. Cs. osheza, oshezwa.
well-trained, successful. (Cf. prec.) Rp. oshana. (Cf. oga, &c, and
Onja, v. (i) taste, take a taste of; see above.)
(2) try, test, examine. E.g. onja *Osia, v. also TJsia, and "Wosia
none, taste and see, — if a thing is good. (which see). (Ar.)
Onja mitego, inspect traps. Ps. Ota, v. There appear to be three
onjwa. Nt. onjeka. Ap. onj-ea, distinct verbs in this form, all com-
ewa, e. g. mwiko wa kuonjea asali, mon in restricted senses, and each
a spoon to taste the honey with. Cs. with similar derived stems, viz. 1.
onj-esha, -eshwa. —
Rp. onjana. grow, sprout, spring up, usually of
(Cf. maonji, mwonjo, kionja, nyonda, vegetable life, or of growth resembling
and jaribtc.) it, e. g. of nails, hair, &c. (So al=o
Opoa, v. (i)take (fetch, pull, draw) ??iea, but of animal growth usually
out; (2) fig. save, rescue, deliver. E.g. kua.) E. g. mihindi inaota, the
opoa ndoo kisimani, fish up a bucket maize is springing up. Simba huota
out of a well. Opoa siwiu, get poison nyele za shingo, lions grow manes,
out of the system, — by medicine. Ps. i. e. ota, in a semi-active sense. Hence
opolewa. Nt. opoka, e. g. be saved Ap. otea, Cs. otesha, oteshwa, e. g.
(rescued, cured). Ap. opo-lea, -lewa, cherish, tend, rear. (Cf. otea, and
e.g. chuma cha knopolea, an iron ? woto, vegetation, plant-life.) 2.
hook (to pull with). Hence opol-eza, (a) dream, have a dream (b) be in ;

-ezwa. Cs. opo-sha, -shwa. Rp. a dreamy, dozing state, be half awake,
opoana. (Cf. kiopoo, and okoa, be silly, — often with ndoto following.
toa, pona.) Derivs. as above. Rp. otana, dream
—
*Orofa, n. ( , and ma-'), also about each other (cf. ndoto). 3. sit
Ghorofa, upper room, upper floor by (in, for), squat down at, often
(story, flat) of a house. Nytimba ya with jua, i. e. bask in the sun, or
orofa tatu, a house with three upper moto, sit close to a fire, warm one-
rooms (or, stories). (Arab, ghorofa, self. Ap. otea, otewa, like ota,
cf. chumba, dari, iabaka,juu.) and also esp. lie in wait, form an
-ororo, a. (nyororo with D 4 (P), ambushjlookoutfor. (Cf. ? oteo, an
D 6,jororo with D 5 (S)), soft, smooth, ambush, and otama, and perh. moto.
 OTAMA 297 PA-
For sitting generally, kaa kitako, See Lowa, Lowama, Loweka,
keti.) -lowefu. •

Otama, v. squat, sit. (Seldom in Oza, v. go bad, rot, putrefy,

(1)
Z. Cf. ota, 3, and perh. atamia.) spoil, be corrupt. Tia dawa isioze,
-ote, a. all, all the, the whole (of). use medicaments to prevent putre-
Like the a. -enyi, -enyewe, -ingine, faction, use antiseptics, embalm (a
and sometimes -etna, -ote follows the corpse). Samaki moja ahioza, wote
so-called pronominal and demonstra- wameoza, if one fish is bad, all are.
tive adjectives as to forms of agree- Ap. oz-ea, -eiua. Cs. oz-esha,
ment with nouns, i.e. wote,yote, zote, -eshwa. (Cf. -ovu, -bovu, and
chote, pote, &c. (cf. huyu, and -angu), pooza.) (2) Cs. of oa (which see),
except that yote is the form agreeing marry, and obs. in oa also a kindred
with D
I (S). -ote also takes the forms form posa, poza).
sote, nyote when associated with the
pronouns sisi, ninyi. Nyumbayote, all
the house, the whole house. Nyumba P
represents the same sound as in
zote, all the houses, -ote is generalized English. At the beginning of some
by combination with a corresponding Swahili words it may be heard pro-
separate relative form, e. g. mtu ye nounced in an emphatic semi-explo-
yote, any man whatever. Watu wo sive way (as t is in some words),
ivote, neno lo lote, Sec. (cf. aivaye yote, which probably reflects a vanishing
kiwacho chote). 'All,' in the sense of n sound before the p, as in pepo,
' every individual,' is denoted by -ote plur. of upepo, for npepo. This
•moja-moja, e.g. vitu vyote kimoja- difference is, however, never important
kimoja, everything singly. (Cf. and seldom noticeable in Z.
killa.) P
before y is changed to_/in some
Oteo, n. {ma-), (i) growth, shoot, words, e. g. ogofya, Cs. of ogopa,
sprout (cf. ota, i) (2) ? ambush, fear, and afya, a Cs. of apa, swear.
;

lying in wait (cf. ota, 3). P

and B are hard to distinguish in
—
-ovu, a. bad, usually in a moral some words as commonly pronounced,
sense, wrong, unprincipled, wicked, e -g- poroi7ioka,pofu, and others. (Obs.
evil. If required to agree with nouns these sounds are not distinguished in
not of D 1, then usually -a uovu, Arab.)
e. g. nyu?nba za uovu, wicked houses, P- sometimes represents the pfx.
not nyumba ovu. Mema na maovu pa- before an e or a. See Pa-.
ndio uli?7iwengu, the world is a mix- Pa, (1) is the form of the preposi-
ture of good and bad. Contr. -bovu, tion -a, of, agreeing with D 7, i. e.
apparently from the same root, but mahali (pahali), place, or with a
of physical condition, e. g. nyumba noun with the locative termination
mbovu, dilapidated houses. Also -tii, e. g. mahali pa mawe, a stony
cf. -baya, which includes the mean- place, or, stony places. Mjini pa
ings of -ovu and -bovu. (Cf. ttovu, mgetii, in the foreigner's town. (2)
and perh. oza, ovyo.) used alone (not as a preposition)
Ovyo, n. and adv., trash, useless after mahali, represents (like the
articles, rubbish, what is common other pers. pfx§.) the verb-form m,
and valueless. As adv. g. mahali hapa pa pema, this
anyhow, is, e.
recklessly, haphazard, at place is a good one.
random, (3) is a verb-
extravagantly, foolishly. Mpanda root, meaning 'give.' See Pa, v.
ovyo hula ovyo, he who sows rubbish Pa'-, P-, is the pers.-pfx. (1) of
gets rubbish to eat. (Perh. cf. -ovu.) verbs and adjectives agreeing with
Owama, Oweka, -owefu, v. D 7, i. e. mahali (pahali), place.
 PA 293 PAA
(2) and of adjectives agreeing with present.' But toa is vague, and means
nouns which have the locative ending 'take away' as well as 'give,' e.g.
-ni, indicating position. {Ku-, kw-, aliitoa nguo, he presented the gar-
and m-, ?nw- are also used with ment, or, he removed, took away
nouns in ni, but pa- is more general the garment. Ilitolewa, it was given,
than m-, into, within, from within, or, it was withdrawn. See Toa.
and less general than ku-, which in- (Exceptions to the above rule are
cludes the whole environment, not rare, e.g. Muungu hapi kwa mvua,
position only.) (3) pa is also used God does not give (i. e. bless) by
of time, i. e. position in time, esp. in rain (only). Kitu kilichopewa na
the relative form -po, and in the adv. mtu, a thing which was given by
hapa, pale, in which here, on the
'
some one.) Pa is often contr. with
spot and ' now, at once,' are often
' nyima, e. g. alionipa mimi, ndio
blended. See Po. (4) pa is also aliokunyima wee, what he gave to
prefixed to verbs in a general sense, me is what he took from you. -pa
without definite reference to place, mgongo, turn the back on. -pa uso,
e. g. pana (J>alikuwa) mtu, there is face, -pa ratki, content, satisfy, -pa
(was) a man. Hapana, there is not, mkono, congratulate, condole with.
no. Palikwenda asikari, a soldier -pa salamu, salute. Jipa varies with
went. (5) for this pfx. combined the idea attached to the Rf., e. g.
with the relative -0 see Po. Cf. also jipa ujinga, play the fool, be pur-
papa, papo, hapa, hapo. E. g. rna- posely silly. Jipa mali, pretend to
hali pake pema paffipendeza, his good be rich. Jipa ?nakuu, be a grandee,
position pleases him. Shambani make a foolish show. Jipa moyo,
pangu, at my plantation. Mahali take heart, gain courage. Jipa sa-
pale pazuri ndipo palipokuwapo ma- lamu, consider oneself safe. Jipa
mba, that beautiful spot is where —
ttbwana, domineer, tyrannize, and
there were crocodiles. Pa- be- so on. See Ji. Ps. pewa, and
comes p- in verbs before a, when sometimes pawa, with a personal
a tense-sign, and in adjectives before subject only, — be given, be pre-
-a, -e, and -0, e. g. p-angti, p-ema, sented with, receive as a gift, e. g.
p-ote, and coalesces with an i follow- nimepewa, I have had a present.
ing to form -e, e. g. pengi for pa- Nt. peka, seldom used. Ap. -pea,
ingi. or -pia (and there is a Nt. palika
Pa, give to, bestow on, present
v. as if from pa-lia), give to, &c.
with. a rule, the simple stem pa Sumu umenipiani i What, have you
As
is combined with an objective pfx. given me poison ? Hence peana,
denoting a person, not a thing, i. e. piana, e. g. peana mikono (salamu),
it occurs only as nipa, kupa, mpa, conclude a bargain, exchange greet-
tupa, wapa, jipa. Thus it may be ings. Cs. (none in use). Rp.
regarded grammatically as a dis- pana, e.g. ahadi {mikono, zawadi),
syllabic root with varying initial make mutual promises (engagements,
syllable, and so does not follow the presents). (Cf. mpaji, kipaji, ki-
rule of monosyllabic verb-roots, as pawa, and toa.)
to the formation of tenses with ku-, Paa, v. (1) go up, ascend, mount,
i. e. the Infinitive form. See -fa, and rise, —
like panda, which is more
Ku-. This restriction of the use of common, and cf. kwea. Vs. pawa,
pa leads to the use of toa in its Nt. palika. Ap. palia, palika,
place, when all reference to a person paliwa, e. g. maji yanipalia rohoni,
as object is omitted, i. e. in the sense phlegm rises in my throat, or nime-
' give, give away, bestow, distribute,
paliwa na maji. Cs. paza, paliza,
 PAA 299 PAGAA
pazwa, raise, cause to rise. Paza paa la makuti, a roof of cocoanut-
(palizd) sauti, lift up the voice, leaf thatch. Paa la mgongo, a gable
speak in a loud tone. Paza pumuzi, a four-sided
roof. Mapaa manne,
draw the breath in, inhale (shusha
(?Cf. paa, v., and panda,
roof.
pumuzi, exhale). mount up, or follg.)
(Cf. panda, kwea, (3) {ma-),
inua.) (2) bald part, of the head, i.e. paa (or
(also para), scrape,
scrape off, scrape up, e.g. paa sa- para) la kichwa. (Cf. upaa, and
?naki or ?nagamba ya samaki, clean perh. paa, v. scrape.)
a fish for cooking by scraping off the Paanda, Paango, n See Panda, .

scales. So of potatoes, gum copal, Pango.

&c. Paa moto, convey fire, by getting Paaza, v. grind coarsely, of grain. —
a live ember on a sherd, i.e. twaa (Prob. Cs. i. e. intensive form of paa
moto kwa kigai. Paa inchi, scrape, (para), scrape (which see). (Cf.
paw the ground, e. g. as a horse. also paruza.)
Paa karata, clear off the cards, i.e. Pacha, n. ( , and ma-), (1) a —
win a game (cf. para, paruza). twin, one of twins; (2) something
Ps. pawa. Nt. palika. Ap. resembling another, counterpart. Zaa
palia, palika, paliwa, palilia, pali- (zaliwa) pacha, bear (be born) twins.
Uliwa, (1) as above, e.g. unipalie Pacha-pacha, like twins, similar, e. g.
samaki, clean the fish for me. (2; nyu?nba hizi ni pacha-pacha, these
also esp. of cleaning ground under houses are a pair, exactly alike.
cultivation, i. e. which has been once Pachika, secure in a particular
v.
hoed, i. e. '
collect weeds off, hoe the position, fix, e. g. p. mshale,
stick,
surface of the ground.' And palilia adjust an arrow to the bowstring.
isused of the subsequent operations, P. kisu mshipini (kiunoni), stick
piling grass (rubbish, weeds) in heaps, a knife into the girdle (at the waist).
or round the roots of trees or plants, Shada la maua lakujipachika sikioni,
&c. Palil-iza, -izwa, employ in clean- a nosegay to wear over the ear. Also
ing-work. (3) fig. raise up for jipachika, sit astride of, bestride. Ps.
(against), stir up feeling, e.g. pali- pachiktua. Other derivs. seldom occur,
liza tigomvi, raise a quarrel (cf. cho- e.g. ISt.pachikia. Cs. pachikisha.
chelea, vumbilia). Cs. paaza, pa- (Cf. futika, chomeka, and obs. Nt.
azwa. Used of coarse grinding of termination with Act. meaning.)
grain, or pounding with a pestle and *Padre, n. (ma-), a clergyman, a
mortar (as contr. with saga, fine priest. (Portug. Cf. Ar. kasisi,
grinding between mill stones). Rp. kuhani.)
paana. (Cf. para, paruza, and Pafu, n. (ma-), a lung, esp. of —
kuna, komba.) a dead animal, i.e. a butcher's or
—
Paa, n. (1) ( ), a gazelle, esp. one
of the very small species which alone
doctor's term.
ptimu, of the living organ.)
(Cf. kifua, and

exists in Zanzibar and the neighbour- Pagaa, v. (1) carry, esp. as a —

ing islands, and so represents ante- '
load, on head or shoulders, but also
lope there, though there is no such
'
more generally, e. g. of charms worn
generic name. (Names of antelopes, on the neck (2) used of the influence
;

which reach Z. from the mainland, are or power of an*vil spirit over a man,
kuru, mpofti (pofu),kulungu, kongoni possess (i. e. perh. carry along
ikuguni), mbawala (mbald), nyu- against his will). Ps. pagaxua, e.g.
mbu, &c.) (2) (ma-), (a) the sloping amepagawa na pepo, he is possessed
thatched side of a native roof, the — by a spirit. Cs. paga-za, -zwa, e. g.
smaller sides or ends being kipaa, (b) (1) cause to carry a load, engage as
the roof of a hut (in general). Thus a porter ; (2) bring evil on, i. e. ill-
 — — '

PAGAO 300 PAKIA

ness, calamity, an evil spirit. (Cf. the boundary of, the bounds of.
fix
mpagazi, upagazi, and follg., and syn. Paka shamba, mark the bounds of an
chukua, the common word for carry ' estate. No Ps. or other deriv. stems
in Z., pagaa being only used in re- seem in use, except Rp.pakana, have a
stricted senses as above.) common boundary, be adjacent, ad-
Pagao, n. a charm (against posses- join, be next to each other, with a —
sion by a spirit, or other calamity). Cs. pakanisha, lay out side by side,
(Cf. prec. and upagazi, hirizi, tala- cause to adjoin. Other parts are
simu.) supplied by mpaka with various verbs.
Pagua, v. lop, prune, strip off, e.g. (Cf. mpaka.)
boughs, leaves, stalks, fibres, — of Pakacha, n. (ma-), (1) a light
trees. Ps. paguliwa. Ap.pagu-iia, basket, — used for carrying fish or
-liwa. (Cf. pogoa, — prob. a variant fruit, &c, made by plaiting part of
of the above.) a cocoanut leaf. (Cf. kikapo.) (2)
*Pahali, n. ( — ), place, spot, night-robber, one who waylays
mwivi, mnyanganyi.)
pass-
position, situation, locality. (Ar. ers-by. (Cf.
mahall, whence the common mahali, Pakanya, n. rue (Str.).
— altered to pahali to suit the hold a child on the
B. Pakata, v.
locative prefix pa.) or shoulder. Ps. pa-
knee, lap,
Paja, n. (ma-), thigh, ham, of katwa. Nt. pakatika, e. g. mtoto
human beings, kiweo usually of ani- huyu hapakatiki, afiirukuta, there is
mals. Also plur. of upaja, with same no holding this child, he is so restless.
sense. Ap. pakat-ia, -iwa. Qs.pakat-isha,
Paji, n. (ma-). P. la uso, fore- -ishwa. (Perh. cf. paka, v., and
head. Also called kikomo cha uso, for the termination -ta, ambata, fu-
and kipaji. (Dist. follg.) •
mbata, kamata, &c.)
-paji, a. liberal, generous, open- Pake, a. form of -ake, his, her,
handed. (Cf. pa, kipaji, upaji, —
its, agreeing with D 7 (mahali), and
mpaji, and syn. -karimu.) locatives in -ni.
Paka, n. (
to size), a cat. Paka
—
or ma-, according
,

ndzime, a tom-
Pakia,
vessel,
v. put (take) on board a
— of passengers or cargo, ship,
cat. Ahalf-wild cat in a town is load a ship with, embark, have on
sometimes called mnunda. Dim. board, stow, pile up. Wakafanya
kipaka. merikebu, ikapakia vyaktila, they
Paka, v. (i) also Pakaa, apply, built a vessel, and it was loaded with
lay (on), spread (on), usually of some provisions. Vs.pakiwa, be loaded,
greasy or adhesive substance, i. e. have on board. Ap.paki-iia,-/iiva,
daub, smear, anoint, paint on, e. g. (1) ship goods (a cargo, passengers,
paka mtoto mafuta, smear a child &c.) to by, &c). Also paki-
(for, in,
with oil (ointment). P. rangi, li-za, -zwa, ship, have shipped, see
paint. P. chokaa, plaster. P. to the shipping of, contract for freight
udongo, plaster with mud (clay, for, &c.(2) also, lay upon, charge
earth). Vs.pakwa. A p. pakia, up, lay to the charge of, put on the
e. g.of an instrument used for paint- shoulders of, and more generally,
ing, &c (but dist. pakia, put on board pile up, make heaps of. Hence
ship). Cs. paka-za, -zwa, intens. pakiliana, (1) load one on the top
smear, rub on, e. g. hupakaza mtoto of another, pile up in heaps, and (2)
dawa mwili mzima, they smear the of mutual recrimination, counter-
child's whole body with medicaments. charges, &c. Cs.paki-za,-zwa, get
(Perh. cf. kipaku, a patch, spot, freight stowed on board, see to ship-
smear, and ? pakua.) (2) mark ping, contract for freight, with either
 PAKO 301 PAMBANA
the vessel (cart, vehicle, boat, &c.) Palikuwa, v. Past Tense oi-wa, v.
loaded, or the cargo (load, freight), be, with pfx. pa, of place. Often
as object. Pakiza gari, load a cart. with na in narrative, e. g. palikuwa
Pakiza nazi, ship cocoanuts. Vitu na mtu, there was once a man.
vipakizwavyo, exports. Jipakiza, (Cf. pana, there is, and na.)
take on one's own conscience, charge Palu, n. (ma-), also Paru, a
oneself with, undertake, be responsible sweetmeat made of bhang, or opium,
for. Pakiana, get themselves on with sugar, &c.
board, huddle together on board.
tipakizi, upakio, pakua, and
Pamba, n. ( — ),
produce of the cotton plant, mpamba.
(1) cotton, the
(Cf.
perh. paka, v.) Nguo ya pamba, cotton cloth, calico.
Pako, form of -ako, your, yours,
a. (Cf. stifi, tree cotton.) (2) some-
— agreeing with D 7 (mahali) and times for the common pambo (which
locatives in -ni. (Cf. pa-, -ako.) see), ornament, furniture, fittings.
Paku, {ma-), usually in the dim.
n. (Cf. follg.)
form kipaku (which see), a patch, Pamba, adorn, deck out, deco-
v.
spot, smear, &c. (Cf. paka, v.) rate, embellish, —
and of a house, fur-
Pakua, Rv. of pakia, take out,
v. nish, fit for occupation. Pamba
take off, unload, e. g. tukapakua maiti, prepare a corpse for burial.
vitu katika mashua, and we un- Jipamba, put on a gay dress (orna-
loaded the luggage from the boat. ments, &c). Ps. pa?nbwa. Nt.
Commonly of taking cooked food off pambika. Ap.pamb-ia, -iwa, e. g.
the fire, — dish up, serve up, bring give a finishing touch to, finish off,
on the table. Ps. pakuliwa. e. g. a dish of food for the table.
Nt. pakulika, e. g. be fit for serving Qs.pamb-isha, -ishwa, e.g. undertake
up. Ap. pakul-ia, -iwa. Cs. to decorate, furnish, &c. Rp.
pakti-lisha, -lishwa, -liza. Rp. pambana (but see Pambana). (Cf.
pakuana. (Cf. pakia.) pambo, mpambe, mpambi, vipambaji,
Pakuogea, n. i. e. mahali p., a and syn. rembesha, urembo.)
place to wash in, bathroom. (So Pambaja, v. embrace, clasp in
pakuingilia, entrance, access paku- the arms.
;
(Not often in deriv.
tokea, outlet, exit. stems. Cf. kunibatia.)
Palama, v. be unproductive, be embrace. Piga p., embrace, v.
n. ( ), —
unprofitable, e. g. of a tree, which Pambana, v. come together, get
does not bear well, or a town where into contact, whether pleasant or —
trade is bad. —
(Not common, and no otherwise, thus of ships (1) go
common derivatives.) abreast, lie alongside, or (2) collide,
Pale, a. form of the demonstr. fall foul of each other, jostle to-
-le, — agreeing with D
7 {mahali) gether. Ap. pa7nban-ia, -iwa.
and locatives in -ni, that, that yon- Cs. pamban-iska, -ishwa, e.g. (1) set
der. As an adv. there, in that side by side, bring together, exhibit,
spot, then, at that time. So pale- compare ; (2) set in contrast, cause
pale, on the spot, at once, just then, conflict (opposition, contradiction,
just there. Pale indicates distance, confusion) in (or, among), e.g. pa-
and great distance is indicated by mbanisha maneyo, make conflicting
prolonging the last vowel and raising statements, show to be contradictory,
the pitch of the voice proportionately, &c. and of persons, make trouble
,

i. e. pald-i-d. (Cf. mle, kule, papa, between, set at variance. Also pa-
hapa, hapo.) mbanya, of persons and things, brow-
Palia, Palilia, Paliza, &c. See beat, talk down, discredit, shake the
Paa, v. evidence of, &c. (Seems to have no
 — ,

PAMBANTTA 302 PANDA

connexion with pamba, v. Cf. together with, at the same place
mpambano, and follg.) (time) as, in company of. (Cf.
Pambanua, v. Rv. of pambana, -mq/a, mamoja.)
draw apart, pick out, separate from —
Pana, verb-form, agreeing with
others, and so,discriminate, distin- D 7 (niahali), there is, it has. (Cf.
guish, select, clear up, explain. Ps. kuna, mna, and see Pa-, Na.)
pambanuliwa. Nt. pambanuka. -pana, v. Rp. of -pa, v. (which
Ap. pambanu-lia, -liwa. (Cf. see).
syn. eleza, fafanua, and follg.) -pana, a. (same with D4 (P), D5
Pambaua, Pambauka, Pamba- (S), D 6), broad, wide, flat, level.
uko. See Pambazua, &c. Inchi panapana, a flat country, a
Pambazua, v. seems to be an plain (cf. sazva). Bahari pana-
irreg. Cs. connected with pambanua pana, broad, open sea. Mapana is
make clear, explain, e. g. p. maneno, used as an., breadth, broad (flat)
speak plainly, make a case clear. side. Kwa mapana, breadth-wise,
Nt. pambazuka is chiefly used in a across. (Cf. tipana, panua, and
purely physical sense, of the dawn, dist. -nene, thick, i. e. of measure-
become clear, get light, be daytime. ment through an object, while -pana
Kumepambazuka, morning has come. is rather of measurement of a surface,

Hence pa?nbaztikia, dawn upon, e.g. across an object.)

tumepambazukiwa, dawn has risen Panapo, verb-form, like kunako,
upon us, it has found us asleep, we mnamo, where
there is (are, was,
are late in getting up. (For were), or, there is (are, was, were)
dawn, cf. cha, v., and follg.) there, —
according as -po represents
Pambazuko, n. (ma-), dawn, the relative or demonstrative. (Cf.
light of morning. (Cf prec. also pa, na, pana,po.)
,

weupe, assubuhi, alfajiri.) Panda, v. A. (1) go up, ascend,

-pambe, a. adorned, dressed up, climb, mount, get upon, ride upon
decorated, e. g. mnara mpambe, a (cf. kwea) (2) fig. rise (of price), in-
;

decorated tower. (Cf. pamba, crease (in number, weight, quantity,

and mpambe.) &c.) (cf. zidi) (3) cover (of a male
;

Pambo, n. (ma-), ornament, de- animal). Panda chomboni, go on

coration, embellishment, —
and so of board a vessel (also ingia). Chombo
—
a house, fittings, furniture, of dress, kimepanda pwani (niwambd), the
finery, jewellery, fine clothes, &c. vessel has run ashore (on a rock).
(Includes any kind of personal and Panda frasi (juti ya frasi), mount
other adornment. Cf. Wembo, for a horse, get on horseback. Mpanda
various kinds, and syn. uzuri; also frasi wawili, hujishuka miguu mi-
valia from vaa, v., pamba, and wili, he who mounts on two horses
follg.) comes down with his two feet. Ata-
• Pambua, v. Rv. ofpamba, remove mpanda huyu shetani, this evil spirit
adornment, disfigure, disfurnish, &c. will come out of him. Panda mti
Ps. pambuliwa. Nt. pambulika. (juuya mti), climb up a tree. Ps.
Ao. pambu-lia, -liwa. Cs. pambu- pandwa. Nt. pandika. A p.
lisha, -lishwa. (Cf. pamba, and pand-ia, -iwa, e. g. get up with (to,
umbua.) by, &c). Ngazi ya kupandia, a
Pamoja, —
form of -mq/a, agree- ladder to get up by.
a. Cs. pand-
ing with D 7 (inahali), and locatives isha, -ishwa, also panza, e. g. cause
in -722, one, the same. Also as adv., to go up, raise, hoist, increase.
at one place, at one time, all to- Panza mtambo (na bunduki), cock
gether, unanimously. Pa??wja na, the trigger (of a gun). AmekipanzA
 PANDA 303 PANGTT
chombo mwamba, he ran the vessel on in regular order, or rotation. Cs.
a rock. Rp. pandana, get on one pangisha, often intens., e. g. pangisha
another, and so (e. g.) overlap, cross watu karamuni, see that guests are
each other, lie across each other. duly arranged at a feast. Rp.
(Cf. pitana, kingamana, paliana.) pangana, e. g. of people arranging
Hence pandan-is ha, -ishwa. (Cf. themselves in rows, as soldiers,
pandio, paa, B. sow,
kwea.) guests, &c. Also pangana safu,
plant, set in the ground (whether fall into line, dress, — of soldiers.
seed or plant). Obs. pandikiwa, be (2) rent, take for
hire, use on
grafted. Pandik-iza, -izwa, graft. hire. P. nyumba, hire a house. P.
e. g. pandikiza chipukizi la mchung- moto, borrow a light for a fire.
tua, graft a cutting from an orange Panga also seems used to mean, let on
tree. But possibly this should be hire, — the same transaction from
bandikiza, see Bandika. (Other another point of view, see below.
derived stems as above. Cf. mpanzi, Ps. pangwa, be let on hire, e. g.
mpandi, mpandaji, mpando, pando.) a house. And sometimes of the per-
—
Panda, n. (i) ( , and via-), son hiring, get on hire.
Ap. pang-ia, -iwa.
Nt.
parting, division, fork, bifurcation, pangika. Cs.
e. g. njia ya p., or njia p., the place pang-is ha, -ishwa, e. g. get a person
where a road divides, or where roads to let, hire, or, get a person to hire,
meet, cross-ways. Panda za mto, allow to hire, let to a person.
branches (arms) of a river. Panda Ni??iempangisha nyu?nba, I have let
za mti, arms of a tree. Kijiti cha a house to him, or, I have rented
panda, a forked stick, for getting a house from him. Unipangishe,
down fruit from a tree. (2) a cross- allow me to hire. (Cf. mpango,
piece, e. g. short arm of a cross kodi, kodisha, aj'iri.)
(transept of a church). (3) a trumpet. Panga, n. {ma-), a kind of shell-
Piga panda, blow a trumpet. fish, bivalve with broad, flat, sharp-
Pande, n. (1) {ma-), a big piece edged shell. (Cf. upanga, a sword,
(part, side), block, mass, lump, e. g. but dist. its plur. panga.)
p. la chtima, a bar (or lump) of iron Pangilio, n. {ma-), interposition,
;

p. la mti, a block of wood ; p. la succession, alternation, rotation, e. g.

jitti, a huge giant. (2) plur. of mapangilio la mapando, rotation of
upande (which see). (Cf. ki- crops. Also of a vein, or lode, of
pande, and prec.) metal, &c. enclosed in rock. (Cf.
Pandio, {ma-), means (act, panga, v.)
n.
method) of climbing, e. g. steps cut Pangine, Panginepo,a. and adv.,
in a cocoanut stem. also Pengine, form of -ngine, -ingi-
Panga, v. (1) set in a line, put ne, agreeing with —
7 {mahali) or D
in order, arrange. E. g. panga locatives in -ni. Also as adv. else-
mizigo, set down loads in a row. where, anywhere. (Cf. -ngine,
Panga asikari, draw up soldiers in -ingine, and/#-.)
line. Ps.
Ap. pang-la, -iwa,
pangwa. Nt. pangika.
arrange for
e. g.
Pango, n. ( —
and of size, ma-)>,
,

a hollowed-out place, natural recess,

(at, in with &c.)
, , Hence pangil-ia
.
,
cave, grotto, d*n, hole, lair of an
-iwa, set rows upon rows, i. e. inter- animal, esp. of a large one. Dim.
pose, intersperse, put in between kipango, e. g. of a rat hole. (Cf.
rows, put in alternate places, e. g. shimo, tundu.)
pangilia 7?iapando, plant crops in Pangu, a. form of -angu, agree- —
regular rotation, arrange a succession ing with D
7 {mahali), and locatives
of crops. Also pangiliana, succeed in -ni. (Cf. -angu, and pa-.)
 PANGTTA 304 PAPIA
Pangua, v. cut off at a single flutter, e.g. of the heart, —
and so (2)
stroke, slash off, remove with one be agitated, doubtful, anxious. Papa
sweep of the arm. (Cf. upanga.) roho, have a throbbing of the heart,
Pangusa, wipe, brush, rub
v. e. g. after running, or a fright. (Cf.
clean, dust, e. g. with a brush or papatika, and syn. puma, pigapiga,
cloth. Pangusa vumbi katika vyo- tekineka.) B. allow exudation, be
mbo hivi, wipe the dust off these porous, let through (a liquid). (In
articles. Ps. panguswa. Nt. Z. chuja, vuja are usual.)
pangusika. Ap. pangus-ia, -iwa.
Cs. pangus-isha, -ishwa. (Qi.futa,
—
Papa, n. ( ), a shark. (Sac. gives
twenty names of different varieties.
sugua.) Though common in the surrounding
Panja, n. {ma-), forelock, from waters, large sharks very rarely visit
which the hair is brushed away on the roadstead of Z. Dried shark,
both sides. (Cf. shungi.) papa kavu, is a favourite relish, and
Panua, v. also sometimes Panya, largely imported from the north.)
make broad, broaden, widen, spread Papa, adv. Used to strengthen
apart, open out. Panua miguu, sit hapa (which see), to which it is pre-

with legs apart, — also, take long fixed. Thus papa hapa, just here, at
strides. Panya mwanya, make a thisvery place, at this very time,
—
wide gap between teeth, for beauty. now, on the spot. (Cf. mumu
Ps. panuliwa. Nt. panuka. Ap. humu, kuku huku, and pa-.)
panu-lia, -liwa. (Cf. -pana, Papai, n. (ma-), a papaw, fruit
namua.) of the papaw tree, mpapai, one of
-
—
Panya, n. ( — , and of size, ma-), the commonest fruits of Z.
—
a rat, of any common kind. Dim. Papasa, v. (1) stroke with the
kipanya, a young rat, a mouse. hand, touch gently, rub lightly; (2)
Paka akiondoka, panya hutawala, grope about, feel about, feel one's
when the cat is away, the rat is king. way in the dark with hands spread
(Cf. buku, the very large Zanzibar out. Ps. papaswa. Nt. papa-
rat. Dist. panya, Cs'. form for sika. Ap. papas-ia, -iwa. Cs.
panua.) papas-isha, -ishwa. Rp. papasana.
Panza, v. Cs. of panda, for pand- Papasi, n. (ma-), a kind of tick.
isha. (Cf. kupe.)
Panzi, n. (ma-), (i) a grass- Papatika, v. flutter, move con-
hopper; (2) a flying-fish; (3) panzi vulsively, flap the wings wildly, e. g.
ya nazi, the thin brown rind of the of a fowl. (Cf. papa, v.)
kernel of the cocoanut (Str.). Cf. Papatua, v. remove the husk or
panda v.), shell (of a vegetable or fruit), e. g.
Pao, n. (ma-), (1) long thin pole papatua maganda ya mbaazi, shell
used in making the roof of a native beans. Nt. papatuka. (Cf. amb-
hut, laid across the larger poles ua, pua, ?)ienya,fua.)
(kombamoyo) used as rafters, and Papayuka, v. be delirious, talk
carrying the thatch (2) long thin ;
nonsense, chatter foolishly (unintelli-
pieces of iron, whether flat or round, gibly). Cs. papayu-sha, -shwa.
e. g. pao za chuma, rod iron, iron (A Rd. form of payuka, which
bars ; (3) clubs (in cards, Str.). see.)
(Cf. upao,paua, and ufito.) Papi, n. plur. of upapi (which
Pao, a. form of -ao, their, theirs, see).
agreeing with D 7 (mahali) and Papia, v. eat voraciously, greedily,
locatives in -ni. (Cf. -ao, pa-.) without regarding or waiting for others.
Papa, v. A. (1) tremble, palpitate, (Cf. syn. kula kwa pupa, and pupa,
 PAPO 305 PATA
from which papia seems formed, Pasa, v. concern, befit, be due (to),
? pupia.) behove, be a duty, be binding, be of
Papo, adv. related to papa, adv. obligation, —
including all degrees of
(which see), as munio to mumu, kuko moral obligation. Often used in an
to kuku, —
with hapo following, i. e. impersonal way, e. g.yapasa, imepasa,
papo hapo, also papo kwa papo, in it is right, it is a duty, it is proper.
that place or time referred to, there, Also imenipasa, it is my duty, I am
then. bound. Imekiipasaje ? How does it
Papo, {ma-), a throb, flutter,
n. concern you ? Ps. paswa, e. g.
palpitation, e. g. of the heart, papo la tumepaswa kwenda, it is our duty to
moyo. (Cf. papa, v. and papatiko.) go. Ap. pasia, pasiwa, e. g. ada
Papua, Papura, v. tear, claw, zilizompasia jtwibe, the customary
scratch, lacerate, rend in pieces, e.g. privileges of the chief. Jamaa zake
of wild beasts, birds of prey, thorns, waliompasia, the relations who had
combatants. Papura uso kwa ma- a claim on him. Killa neno tililo-
kucha, scratch the face with the nails. 7npasia maiti, every proper attention
Also fig. of quarrels, abus &c.
, to the corpse. Pasiwa athabu, be
Ps. papuriwa. Nt. papurika. liable to punishment. Cs. pas-isha,
Ap. papur-ia, -iwa, whence papuri- -ishwa, e.g. pasisha huhumu, pass
ana. Cs. papur-isha, -ishwa. sentence on, give judgement on, con-
Papuri, n. {ma-), thin cakes demn. Rp. pasana, be bound to
flavoured with asafoetida (Str.). each other, be under mutual obli-
Para, v. also Paa, v. (which see), gations, belong to each other. (Cf.
scrape. Rd. parapara, e. g. of a for moral obligation, bidi, juzu, wa-
horse pawing the ground. —n.(i) jibti, wia, funga.)
(— ), a scraping, sliding, gliding (cf. Pasha, v. Cs. of pata (which see).
mparuzo) (2) {ma-), cake of semsem *Pasi, n. ( —
or ma-), an iron,
,

—
;

(Str.) ;(3) baldness, a bald patch on for ironing clothes. Piga pasi
the head. (Cf. paa, n.) Para la nguo, iron clothes. (Hind.)
kichwa, a bald, or shaved, head. -pasi, a. money-making, avaricious,
*Parafujo, n. a screw, i.e. nail ambitious, pushing. (Cf. pata,
with a spiral groove, —also mso- palo.)
mari wa parafujo. Pasipo, verb-form (person-pfx.
Paraga, v. swarm up a tree, climb of place pa-, negative sign si, rela-
by grasping with arms and legs, i. e. tive of place or time -po), where '

kwea kwa mikono na miguu. (Perh. there is not,' used most frequently
the idea is ' scrape up a tree, and so
' in a prepositional sense, without.' '

cf. paa, para, v. and paruga.) Pasipo hofu, without fear, fearless,
Paru, n. {ma-). See Palu. safe. Pasipo nguo, without clothes.
Paruga, Paruza, v. (1) be rough, (Cf. kuliko, —
used as than in com-
'
'

be grating, graze, grate, grind parisons, and syn. Ar. billa.)

coarsely; (2) fig. be harsh (to), be Pasiwe, verb-form, negat. subjunct.
unfeeling (towards). Paruza kiberiti, of wa, v., be, agreeing with 7, i. e. D
strike a match. Ps. paruzwa. Ap. may there not be, that there may not
paruz-ia, -iwa. Kp.paruzana, e.g. be, without thflee being.
of boats scraping against each other. Pasua, v. cleave, split, tear, rend,
(Cf. paa, para, v. and paraga?) burst, blow into pieces, saw in two,
Paruparu, adv. roughly, coarsely, make a cut in. Vs.pasuliwa. Nt.
— used of rough, untidy work, want- pasuka. Ap. pasu-lia, -liwa. (Cf.
ing care and finish. (Cf. paruza, kata, rarua, chenga, chanja, tema.)
mparuzo, and buruga.) Pata, v. The general meaning is
 ;; —
PATA 306 PATJA
'
g e V with a wide range of applica- timepaiwa, the moon is got hold of,
tion to persons and things. Thus i. e. eclipsed. Nt. patika, e. g. (1)
(i)get, obtain, find, catch, get hold be got (2) be getable, be to be
;

of, seize, secure, attain (2) get to

;
had, be procurable, be obtainable,
be, get at, get to, reach, find means but this is commonly patikana.
to effect a purpose, succeed in doing Patika kosani, be caught in a fault.
(3) happen to, come upon (4) be Ap.pat-ia, -iwa, e. g. get for (by, with,
— also
;

the victim of, suffer, experience. E. g. in, &c), often, get up to, over-
p. molt, get rich p.faida, get profit
;
take, attain to. Hence several further
p. Ziasara, suffer loss pata nguvu, get derivatives,with specialized meanings,
strong ;
;

p. homa, get fever, thus — —palil-ia, -iwa, e. g. patilia hasira,

nimepata homa, I have got fever, or get angry with patil-iza, -izwa, with-
;

homa imenipata, fever has seized me, out a noun, cause to get, usually of —
or nimepatzva na homa, I am seized some unpleasant consequence, i. e. visit

with fever. P. inchi, reach a country, something upon, take vengeance on,
arrive at land. Jiwe likampata remember something against, punish.
mtoto, the stone hit the child. Kisu Muiingu alimpatilizia Farao maovu
chapata, the knife cuts. Shoka hili' yake, God visited Pharaoh for his
halipati, this axe does not cut. iniquities. And
a further Rp.pati'
Nikapata kijana wa miaka miwili, lizana, of angry recrimination, each
I became a child of two years old. trying to inflict something on the
Of time, hawakupata mwezi mmoja, other. Cs.. pasha (or patishd),
ilia walisikia Sultani amefariki, they cause to get, cause to have, &c.
did not pass a. month before they Pasha moto, make warm, heat.
•

heard the Sultan was dead. Hauku- .

Pasha fetha, give (lend) money to.
pata mwaka, before a year passed. Baridi imektipasha homa, cold has
Sometimes kupata is used absolutely given you fever. Ntampasha habari,
as a kind of conjunction. Ktipata I will inform him (cause him to have
njiani mwenzetu akakamatwa na the news). Rp. patana, get each
simba, as it happened, on the way other, —
commonly used as ' ccune to
our companion was seized by a lion. terms, strike a bargain, agree, be
Pata is specially common in con- reconciled, work harmoniously, har-
nexion with another verb, in a semi- monize, correspond.' (Cf. mapa-
auxiliary sense, like kwisha, the tano, and syn. lingana, suhihi, ajiki.)
other verb sometimes following with- Also Cs. patan-isha, -ishwa, recon-
out the Infinitive prefix, e. g. pato cile, arrange terms between, make
kujua, or merely pata jua, get to peace among. (Cf. -pasi, pato,
know, find out. Nimepata kiifanya, upatilizo.)
I have succeeded in doing it, I have Pata, or Patta, a hinge. (Prob-
n.,
done it. And in the Subjunctive, it ably a foreign word, cf. bawaba.)
often has the force of a final con-
junction, ' in order to, so as to, to
*Patasi, n. ( ), a chisel.
jiiba, chembeu.)
— (Cf.

get to, so that.' Akaenda apate *Pati,n.name of a kind of coloured

kuona, and he went in order to see. cloth.
Ps. patwa, e. be got, be seized,
g. Patiliza, v. Cs. See Pata.
be a victim, suffer, esp. of a calamity, Pato, n. (ma-), (1) something got,
illness, &c. E. g. patwa na homa, an acquisition usu. in plur. mapato, ;

be attacked by fever patzua na gains, receipts, profits, income, revenue

;

hasira, be seized with fury patwa na (cf. pata, v.) ; (2) a large flat gong of
;

msiba, be the victim of a misfortune. metal, commonly brass. (Cf. upato.)

Also used of an eclipse, mwezi Paua, v. used of preparing the
 ;

pAunt 307 PEKUZI

roof of a native hut, viz. fixing the Wakaa peke yako, you live alone.
cross-sticks (pad) to which the thatch So peke yet n (yenu, yao). -a peke
is fastened. Paua nyumba, roof a yake, or -apekee, single, alone, unique,
house. Ps. pauliwa. Nt. patika. sui generis. Mtu wa peke yake, a
Ap. pau-lia, -liwa, e.g. ufito wa unique individual, one who has no
kupaulia nyiunba, a stick suitable rival. Jambo la peke yake, an extra-
for roofing. (Cf. pao, upao, and ordinary, unprecedented circumstance.
poa, a roof.) (Qi. pekee, t<pweke, and ukiwa.)
—
P&uni, n. a pound, weight or Pekecha, v. produce, or affect, by
value. (From the English pound.')'
turning something with the hands,
Pawa, n. plur. of upawa, ladle. and so (i) bore a hole, drill, i.e.
Dim. kipawa (which, however, also —
pekecha tundu, with a pointed knife,
means 'present, a -thing given,' but drill,' &c. (cf. zua, Himbna, tobod)

not in Z.). (2) produce fire, i. e. pekecha ??ioto,

Payo, n. (ma-), foolish talk, chat- e. g. wakapekecha moto iuakawasha
>
ter, nonsense, gossip, blabbing also; they used the firesticks, and lighted
of wandering of the mind, del'rium. a fire, by rapidly twirling a pointed
Mwenyi payo, a talkative, gossiping stick (npekecho) in a hole in another
person. Ana payo, he is always stick ; (3) fig. bad feeling,
excite
talking, lets out secrets, does not bore, exasperate, by abuse, noise,
e. g.
control his tongue. So sema mapayo, or sorcery, &c. and (4) make a
;

talk idly, mischievously, &c. (Cf. mess of, spoil, e. g. pekecha kazi,
payuka, papayuka, ?npayo.) bungle a
job (cf. boruga, chaftiay
Payuka, v. talkfoolishly (idly, ftijo). (Cf. tipekecho. Sometimes
indiscreetly, unintelligibly, &c), talk peka is heard for pekecha, and npeko.)
nonsense, blurt out secrets, blab, be Pekee, n. (in Z. usually tipweke,
delirious. Cs. payu-sha,-shwa,e.g. upekee), being single, singular, alone,
tc?nbo li?)iempausha, palm-wine has lonely, isolated, unique, different from
loosed his tongue. Homa inam- everything else. Mtu wa pekee, a
pausha, fever makes him delirious. solitary man. Mwenda pekee, a
(Cf. prec.) solitary (and so) dangerous animal.
Pazia, n. (ma-), a curtain, screen (Cf. peke, tipweke. Pekee perh. re-
(of calico, &c), awning. (Cf. presents peke yake.)
chandalua.) Peketeka, v. be arrogant, be scorn-
Pea, v. become fully grown, be ful, be high and mighty. Ap.
completely developed, attain to the peketek-ea, -ewa, treat with scorn,
highest point (limit, acme of perfec- be insulting (or, contemptuous) to.
tion). Ttitaza??ie hatta tende zitaka- (Poss. fig. from pekecha, peketa, be
popea, let us watch till the dates are stirred up, inflated, conceited. Cf.
fully ripe. (In Z. the Nt. form follg.)
pevzika is commonly used, or the -peketevu, a. scornful, provoking,
syn. sitawi, Cf. upeo, kipeo, -pevu.) making discord. (Cf. prec. and
Peke, a word used in Z. only with pekecha?)
a possessive adjective following, of Pekua, v. (1) scratch up, scratch
the form agreeing with D
6 (S), and about, e.g. like» a hen; (2) fig. be
attaching to an object, state, or curious, inquisitive, prying. Ps.
action, the attribute of singleness, pekuliwa. Nt. pekulika. Ap.
loneliness, uniqueness. E. g. mimi pekulia, e. g. hunt for, pry into.
peke yangu, I alone, I only, I by (Cf. follg. and upekuzi.)
myself. Nguo hit ni peke yake, this -pekuzi, a. curious, inquisitive,
calico is the only one of the kind. prying. (Cf. prec. and dadisi.)

x 2
 —

PELE 308 PENDA

Pele, n. plur. of upele (which see), jection, angle, corner. (4) various
sores. articles of horn, esp. powder-flask,
Peleka, v. sometimes peeka, peka, tukamvulia pembe tukampa, we took
off his powder-horn, and gave it to
cause to go, send, take, convey, con-
duct, transmit, move, &c, both of him. Pembeni, in a corner, -a
persons and things. Dist. tuma, pembe, -enyi pembe, pembepembe,
employ, use, send, which is limited with many angles (corners, projec-
(in the simple form) to the use of tions). Pembe za inchi, the utter-
personal service, though tumia is most parts of the land, quarters of
used of an instrument. Thus nta- the globe. Pembe za mwaka, the
tufna mtu knpeleka mzigo kwako, seasons of the year. (Cf. mwaka.)
I will employ a man to convey the Pembea, v. swing, sway, rock,
load to your house. Ntapehha mtti balance, oscillate. Cs. pembe-za,
na mzigo, I will send a man with the -zwa, set swinging, rock to and fro.
load. Baniani amepeleka ??iali kwa (Cf. ning'inia, wayawaya, yumba-
kutttma watu wawili, the Banian has yttmba.) — n. swing, see-saw,
sent the money by employing two a European balance. Funga pembea,
men. Peleka mkono, move the hand put up a swing. Kiti cha pembea,
in a given direction, apply the hand, a rocking-chair.
set to work. Ps. pelekwa. Ap. Pembo, n. of upembo
plur.
pelek-ea, -ewa, e.g. send to (for, by, (which see). (Cf. pe?nba, v.)
in, &c). Hence pelekeana. Rp. Penda, v. like, love, choose, wish,
pelekana, e. g. accompany each other, will. Ps. pendwa. Nt. pendeka,
all go together. (Cf. mpelekwa, e. g. be loved, be lovable, be popular.

and tuma?) Cs. pendekeza, cause to be loved,

Peleleza, v. spy out, reconnoitre, excite affection for. Jipendekeza,
secretly examine, pry into, be curious make oneself pleasant, ingratiate
(or, inquisitive) about. Peleleza in- oneself. Ap. pendea,e. g. love for
chi, spy out a country. Pel. siri, (on account with, in, &c), whence
of,
pry into secrets. Ps. pelelezwa. pendewa, e. g. pendewa uzuri, be
Ap. pelelez-ea, -ewa. (Cf. mpele- loved for beauty, and pendelea, have
lezi, and syn. chungulia, tazamia, a special liking (predilection, bias,
pekua, dadisi.) propensity) for, be partial to, favour,
Pemba, n. an island near Zanzibar, with Ps. pendelewa. Also pe?ideleka,
famous for its cloves. (
Wapemba, pendel-eza, -ezzua, cause to favour,
the people of Pemba. Kipemba, the commend to favour, prepossess in
dialect of Pemba.) favour (of), recommend, with further
Pemba, v. (i) grasp with a hook, deriv. pendelez-ea, -ewa, -eka. Cs.
grapple, hook down, e. g. of fruit, pendeza, please, be pleasing (popular,
pemba embe, get mangoes down with attractive, amiable, &c), cause to
a hook (2) fig. take by a device,
;
like (love, prefer). Hence pendezwa,
outwit, entrap, catch. (Cf. upe- pendezea, e. g. please with (for, in,
mbo.) &c), and pendezewa, be pleased with
Pembe, n.
—
( — ), (1) horn, of an ani- (something), be pleased. Also pe-
mal, also the substance generally. ndeze-sha, -shwa, e. g. cause to please,
—
Pe?nbe ya nyoka, snake's horn, a make popular, &c. Also pendezana,
small white one, considered a valu- be mutually agreeable, and pendezan-
able medicine (Str.). (2) tusk of isha, -ishwa. Ap. pendana, love
an elephant, also ivory generally each other, whence pendan-isha,
(cf. kalasha, buri, for tusks of different -ishwa, cause to be friends, reconcile.
sizes, buri, the larger). (3) a pro- (Cf., among other derivatives, pendo,
 — )

-PENDA 309 PEPEA

upendo, penzi, upenzi, upendezi, tipe- peny-esha, -eshwa, -eza, -ezwa, cause
ndeleo, upendano, -penzi, -penda, -pe- to go into, force into, insinuate,
ndwa, -pendelefu, &c, and as syn. introduce (by stealth, force, strata-
taka, nia, azimu, kusudia, elekea, gem, &c). Hence, of slipping money
&c. There seems no clear differentia- into the hand of another, putting an
tion of meaning between many of idea into the mind of another, and
the derivatives oi penda, —
the natural so of bribery, undue influence, &c.
resources of the language being in Hence penyez-ea, -ewa. (Cf. ki-
advance of the power to utilize penya, mpenyezi, and follg., and syn.
them.) ingia.)
—
-penda, a. loving with n. follow- Penyenye, n. (— way
), (means)
ing, e. g. mtoto nipenda sukali, a. child of getting in, access, hole, secret
who likes sugar. penda, v.)
(Cf.plan. (Cf. mlango, tundu, and
-pendefu, -pendelefu, a. kind, penya, v.)
loving, inclined to favour, sympa- Penyewe, a. form of -enyewe
thetic. (Cf. penda.) (which see,andpa-),agreeingwithD 7.
Pendo,
liking.
n. ( ,
—
and ma-), love,
Alsoplur. of upendo.
Penyi, a. form of -enyi, possessing,
with, having, —
agreeing with D 7
(Cf.
penda, upendo, penzi.) {inahali) and locatives in -ni. Also
—
Pengee, n. ( ), (i) by-path,
roundabout way, and (2) fig. dodge,
used as a prep, of place, at, in,
near, e. g. penyi mtende, at the date-
device, wile. (Cf. kipengee.) tree, —
and with a noun to express a
Pengi, a. form of -ingi, agreeing single idea, e.g. penyi miti, a wooded
with D 7 (mahali) and locatives in place, a forest, thicket, penyi ku-
-ni (i. e. pa-ingi) many.
, chimba mawe, a quaijy.
Pengo, n. ( — ,and ma-), (1) gap, Penzi, n. (ma-), (1) love, liking,
notch, hole, vacant space (2) fig. pleasure, wish, will
; (2) that which ;

defect, flaw. E. g. of a gap between is loved, liked, &c. Mapenzi, wishes,

teeth, i. e. mwanya wa meno. Ana will, resolve. (Cf. upenzi, penda,
pengo, he has lost a tooth. Huwinda &c.)
pazima illi kitpat ia pengo, he hunts Pepa, v. reel, stagger, totter, e. g.
for a sound part in order to introduce from weakness, drunkenness, &c.
a blemish in it. (Cf. levya, sita, kongoja, and perh.
Penu, a. form of -enu, your pepea.
(plur.), agreeing with D 7 (mahali) Pepe, n. (ma-), empty husk of
and locatives in -ni. grain, empty (barren) ear. (Cf.
Penu, n. (1) plur. of upemi (cf. tete, chembe.)
kipenu). Also (2) aperture of urinal Pepea, v. make a current of air,
duct (Kr.). (Cf. follg.) fan, wave wave about in
(like a fan),
Penya, v. penetrate, make a way the air. wajakazi wamftiata
E. g.
into, get inside, enter, pass into, jumbe wampepea, female slaves follow
like ingia, but implying more effort, the chief fanning him. Pepea mainzi
or purpose, difficulties in the way. Sultani, keep the flies off the Sultan
Ameingia mlangoni kwa kupenya, with fans. P. bendera, wave a flag
hakupata nafasi, he got into the door about. P. vitambaa, flourish hand-
by forcing his way, as there was not kerchiefs. P. moto kwa kipepeo, blow
room enough. Penya mwihini, make up a fire with a fan. Ps. pepewa,
one's way through a forest. Ps. e.g. be fanned, wafted about, &c.
penyewa. Nt. penyeka. A p. Ap. pepe-lea, -lewa, e.g. kupepelea
peny-ea, -ewa, e. g. Itendu la kit- mwana wali, upale kupoa, fan the
penyea, a hole to get in by. Cs. child's rice for him, to make it cool.
 — — —

PEPEO 310 PESA

(Cf. upepo, pepesa, and perh. pepa, —
high winds, so pepo ya nguvu. (For
also follg.) chief winds see Kusi, Kaskazi,
Pepeo, n. (ma-), a large fan, pun- Matlai.) (2) ( ), (a) a spirit, and —
kah. Also to describe a winnowing esp. an evil spirit, i. e. pepo mbaya, or
machine, vane on a tower, &c. (Cf. shetani. Pagawa nap., be possessed
follg. and pepea, kipepeo, upepeo.) by a spirit. Pmigap., exorcize, expel
Peperuka, v. be carried by a cur- a spirit, by native methods, i.e. danc-
rent of air, blown away, wafted, fly ing, ceremonies, &c. Mwenyi p., a
off, soar up. E.g. nguo itapeperuka possessed person. Pepo yule ata-
kzva pepo, the dress will be carried panda, that spirit will come forth,
away by the wind. Cs. peperu-sha, from a person possessed. (For
-shwa, blow away. (Apparently, various names of kinds of spirits cf.
like pepesuka, one of the very few jini, shetani, milhoi, kinyamkela,
compound Bantu words in Swahili, kilima, dungamaro, mahoka, koikoi,
from upepo, wind, and ruka, fly. Cf. kitimiri, kizuu, kizuka, kizimwe,
pepea, pepesuka.) ?nwana maua.) (b) the region of
—
Pepesa, v. and Pepeza, wink, the spirits, spirit world, unseen world,
eye, —perh. really a Cs. form of pepea, place of departed spirits, paradise.
P. ya kesho, the world to come, the
i. e. clear, fan the eye by moving the

eyelids, described as ukope wajuii na life beyond the grave. P. ya leo,

chini, eyelid up and down. Hence this world's rest (such as it is), pepo
also, keep the eye clear (or, steady) not properly applying to it. Peponi,
in taking aim, i. e. pepesajicho kushika paradise, in paradise, at rest (cf. ra-
shebaha. (Cf. kopesa, ukope, pepea.) hani,baridini). Ka?na anieingia pe-
Pepesuka, v. be shaken in the air, poni, (a man) as happy as if in paradise.
wind -tossed, caused to flyaway, caused (c) spirit, essence, strength, life, e. g.
towave about, shake, totter. (Perh. of a mild tobacco, tumbako hii ime-
from upepo, wind, and suka, wave, kufa pepo, this tobacco has lost its
like peperuka (which see).) strength. (Cf. upepo, pepea.)
Pepeta, v. winnow, sift, separate Pepua, v. sift, winnow, — like pe-
husks, chaff, &c. from grain by shak- pea (which see).
ing and tossing in the air with a flat Pera, n. (ma-), guava, fruit of the
basket. E. g. pepeta nichele, wishwa tree mpera.
zitoke, sift rice to get put the husks. Perema, n. a disease producing a
Vs.pepetwa. Nt. pepeteka. Ap. swelling of the whole cheek (? mumps,
pepet-ea, -ewa. (Cf. chtwga, upepo, cf. kichubwichubwi).

pepea?) *Pesa, n. (— and ma-), (1) a pice,

,

Pepeta,
grains of
n.
rice
( — heated,
). P. za mpunga,
and then
the Indian quarter anna, or 3-pie
piece, a farthing. The two plurals
pounded. differ a little in use, like pence (peso)
Pepetua, v. break open (Str.). and pennies (mapesa). Though the
(Cf. popotoa, perh. a variant.) rupia equal to 16 annas, i.e. 64
is

Pepo, n. has the meaning of both pice, the actual number of pice ob-
(i) wind,
wind.
and (2) spirit.
In this meaning pepo is used
(1) ( — ), tainable for a rupee varies with the
exchange from 64 to 70. (2) money,
[a) as plur. of upepo, a wind (which in general, where small sums are
see), and (b) as a sing, noun meaning alluded to (otherwise commonly/^#,
much wind, a high (strong, violent) silver). Hana pesa, he is a poor
wind. Pepo za chamchela, a whirl- man. Pesa hapana, I have no
wind. Maji ya pepo, rain water, money. Robo pesa, a pie, i. e. one-
fresh water. See Maji. Pepo nyingi, third of a pice. (For other coins
 —
PESI 311 PIGA
cf. rupia, reale, robo, themuni, robo -pevu, a. (pevu with D 4 (P),
pes a.) D 5 (S), D
full-grown, ripe,
6),
Pesi, n. (ma-), also Pezi (which adult, —
of plant or animal growth.
see). Mwili mpevu, sound, healthy, well-
See -epesi.
-pesi, a. quick, light. developed body. Tende pevu, ripe
Peta, bend round,
v. bend, bow, dates. (Cf. pea, pevua, and syn.
curve, fold over, wrap up, make like -zima, -bivu.)
a ring. P. ufito, bend a switch into Pevua, v. (1) develop fully, ripen,
a bow. P. mguu, bend the leg. P. bring to perfection, hasten the ma-
soruali, turn up the trousers. P. nguo, turity of. Hence (2) over-stimulate,
roll up clothes. P. uso, put on an excite unduly, pervert, teach bad ways
angry look, bend the brows. Ps. to, corrupt. Jifievua, make a man
petwa. Nt.pete&a. Ap.pet-ea, of oneself, behave like a grown-up
-ewa. Cs. pet-esha, -eshwa, e. g. person or big man, swagger, be con-
bend round, make into a ring. Rp. ceited, brag. Nt. pevuka. Cs.
petana, e. g. be bent round, be bowed, pevu-sha, -shwa, intens., as pevua.
form a ring (a circle, a hoop) (Cf. (Cf. pea, -pevu, and syn. komaa,
pete,petemana, peto, kipeto, and syn. -iva.)
kunja, pinda. Dist. peta sometimes Pewa, v. Ps. of -pa, give, i.e. be
used for pepeta (which see).) given, be the recipient, have a thing
Pete, n. ( —
and for large size
, given to one, be presented with,
ma-), a ring, hoop, staple, circle. receive. See Pa.
Ka?na pete na kidole, like ring and Pezi, n. {ma-), also Pesi, fin, — of
finger, — of close contact and attach- a fish.
ment. Pete ya sikio, ear-ring. Dim. -pi, in combination with pers.-pfx.
kipete. (Cf. duara, mviringo, and
. forms an interrog. adj., who ? which ?
follg.) what ? e. g. mtuyupi? which person ?
Petemana, v. be bent round, form mti upi? which tree? kitu kipi?
a ring, be made into a hoop, or which thing ? &c. Also (1) subjoined
circle. Cs. petamaniska, make into to verbs, with the meaning how? in '

a hoop (circle), bend round, give a what way ? ' e. g. ntawezapi, how
curve to. E. g. petamaniska _fimbo shall I be able? And (2) contracted
hatta kugotana ncha zake, bend a for wapi, e. g. kendapi, where (are
stick till its ends knock together. you) going? i.e. unakwenda wapi?
(For the form cf. -mana, shika- (Cf. wapi, ngapi.)
mana, fungamana, andamana.) Pia, a. and adv., all, the whole,
Peto, n. ( —
and of large
, size complete, quite, altogether. Often
ma-), a bag, matting-sack, e. g. used with -ote, giving it emphasis, e.g.
for carrying stones and sand. (Cf. watte wote pia, all the people without
kipeto, peta, and for different kinds exception. Ntakupa piayote, I will
kikapo.) give you the whole lot. As an adv.
Petu, a. form of -etu, our, ours, often in rejoinders (1) all of it, that
agreeing with D 7 (mahali), and loca- too, that as well ; (2) exactly so,
tives in -ni. (Cf. -etu, pa-.) just so. Nitwae kizi? Pia, Am
Petua, v. turn round, turn over I to take these? Yes, all of them,
(bottom upwards, upside down), up- or, those as well. (Cf. -ote, killa.)
set, capsize, e.g. petua chombo, turn —
Pia, n. ( ), (1) a top, i.e. the
a vessel over. Ps. petuliwa. -Nt. toy, a child's plaything, a humming-
petuka. Ap. petu-lia, -liwa. Cs. top, a whipping-top (2) pia ya
;

petu-sha, -shwa, petuza. (Qi.peta, mguu, the knee-cap.

and syn. pindua, geuza.) Piga, v. strike, beat, hit, give a
 PIGA 312 PIGO
blow. This is the common definite p. mdomo, bite (of a serpent), p.
meaning of piga. But piga in the misonyo, whistle, p. mikambe, lash
simple act. form has also an in- out with the leg (when bathing),
definite use, which is at once one of p. hodi, ask admittance. (4) of
the commonest and most character- producing a showy, sensational effect,
istic features of the Swahili language, p. makuu, play the grandee, p.
and also difficult to describe. It is ubwana, domineer, tyrannize,/. u?na-
used with a great number and variety lidadi, wear finery, and simply p.
of nouns to express the act, action, nguo, show off clothes, p. kiburi,
or effect, which the noun itself most show conceit, p. pua, turn up one's
naturally suggests ; and even when nose, carry one's head high,/, timeme,
another verb exists conveying this lighten (of lightning), /. moyo konde,
meaning, piga is nevertheless often take courage,/. do??io, brag. Other
substituted for it with a peculiar examples are /. mikono, gesticulate.
significance and flavour of its own. P. mabawa, flap the wings. P.
This is no doubt connected with the fatiha, perform a religious ceremony.
original idea of striking, but ' strik- P. goti, kneel. P. moto, set fire
ing' in different aspects,— sometimes to. P. uvivu, waste time by idling.
suggesting its mode, i. e. the sudden- P. mafungu, divide into parts. P.
ness, forcibleness, effectiveness of a marafuku, publicly forbid. P.shauri,
stroke, and sometimes the effect on take formal counsel. P. vita, declare
the mind or senses, of what is strik- (wage) war. Ps. pigwa. Nt.
ing, sensational, moving. It is im- pigika. Ap.pig-ia, -iwa, e.g. strike
possible to enumerate all the nouns for (with, at, in, &c). Also pig-ilia,
—
with which piga is commonly, or -iliwa, -ilika, used of special opera-
may be, used, or the most appro- tions, e. g. pigilia sakafu, beat a
priate —
renderings, —
depending (as concrete roof, with rammers (vi-
they would do) largely on the con- pande) till hard, lit. beat away at.
text in each case, and a knowledge Cs. pig-isha, -ishwa, e. g. cause to
of the alternative verbs for which beat about, flap, wave, e.g. pigisha
piga is in any particular instance tanga, let the sail flap, pigisha
purposely substituted. A few com- kiapo, administer an oath, pigisha
mon cases can be given. Piga nguo na upepo, air clothes. Also,
often describes (i) the proper use of pigisha chombo, make a vessel pitch,
a tool (in place of simple tumia, rock, toss. Pigisha maji, stir up
—
endesha, Sec), e. g. p. bomba, work water, with intens. force. Rp.
a pump, p. randa, plane (wood), p. pigana, e. g. hit each other, fight.
pasi, iron (clothes), p. kinanda, play Hence pigan-isha, -ishwa, cause
an organ, p. bunduki, fire a gun, p. to fight, set fighting, or, fight hard.
kengele, ring a bell, p. chapa, print Also piganika, piganiwa, i. e. be
(a book), p. kura, cast lots, p. bao, fought for (about, with, in, &c).
take omens. (2) construction, execu- (Cf. mpiga, mpigo, pigo, mapigano,
tion, giving form to something, e. g. mpigafiisho, and follg.)
f
p. undo, tie a knot,/, kilemba, wear Pigano, n. (ma-), fighting, battle,
a turban, p. nibinda (uwinda), adjust skirmish, beating each other. (Cf.
the loincloth, /. mstari, draw a line, prec. and bishauo, vita, shindano.)
p. bandi, hem. (3) of a sudden, —
Pigi-pigi, n. ( ), also Piki-
forcible action, e. g. p. mbio, run, p. piki,a stick used for knocking down
kilele, shout, p. kofi, give a box on fruit off a tree. Dim. kipigi. (Cf.
the ear, p. miayo, yawn, p. mbizi, for various kinds of stick bakora.)
dive, /. teke, kick, p. pembe, butt, Pigo, n. (ma-), (1) blow, stroke,
 PIKA 313 PINDI
beat, akawafundisha mapigo ya
e. g. hesabu. The commonest measures
ngoma, and he taught the proper of (1) length, are shibiri, mkono, or
beats of the drum. (2) calamity, thiraa, ivari, pima (2) of capacity,
;

plague. (Cf.piga, mpigo, &c.) kibaba, kisaga, pishi; (3) of weight,

Pika, v. cook, prepare by the use wakia, rathi, pishi, frasila.) — n.
of fire, dress (food), boil (water). a fathom, two yards {wart), six feet,
Ps. pikwa. Nt. pikika. Ap. the stretch of a man's arms, — equal
pik-ia, -iwa, e.g. cook for (with, in, to four cubits (mkono, thiraa), or
•&c). Pikiwa, be cooked for, have eight spans (shibiri). (Cf. kipimo,
a cook. Hence pi'k-i Ha, -iliwa, -ilika, pima, v.)
e. g. nataka unipikilie uji, I want Pinda, v. (1) bend, twist, fold,
you to make some gruel specially for bend up, strain, put a strain on,
me. Cs. pik-isha, -ishwa,e.g. get make tense (stiff, hard) ; (2) hem.
some one to cook, get something P. upindi, bend a bow. P. tipindo,
cooked, contract for cooking. (Cf. make a hem. Jipinda, (1) exert
mpishi, upishi, mpiko, and ? pishi. oneself, (2) be convulsed, i. e. pinda-
For ways of cooking cf. upishi) pinda maungo (cLjinyonga). Ps.
Pila, n. See Pira. pindwa. Nt. pindika, e. g. of a
*Pilau, n. ( —
), a dish of boiled rice, trap made by bending a tree, or a
cooked in the Indian way, with ghee, bent switch acting as a spring. Ap.
raisins, &c. (Hind., and cf. wait.) pind-ia, -iwa, e.g. bend for (with,
Pili, n. (1) two. Mosi na pili by, &c). Cs. pind-isha, -ishwa.
ndio tatu, one and two make three. Rp. pindana, e.g. be bent together,
-a pili, the second, the next, -a pili be stiff, be tense, have cramp. Pi-
yoke, the next to it (him, her). Marra ndana mguu, have a club foot. (Cf.
ya pili, the second time (cf. marra pindua, pindamana, upindi, upindo,
mbili, twice). Kwa
pili, the other upindani, pindi, pindo, pindu, and
side, over the page. Ya pili, se- syn. kunja, nyonga, peta, songa.)
—
condly, next, after kwanza, first, —
Pinda, n. ( , and ma-), an animal
in the first place. (Cf. -wilt, that has died a natural death, a car-
mbili, and for numbers hesabu, tara- cass. (Cf. kipinda, and dist.
ki?nu, harufu.) (2) name of a mzoga, a dead body (of any kind),
snake. maiti, usually of a human body dead,
*Pilipili n. ( ), —
pepper, seeds mwili, of a body, alive or dead.)
Pindamana, v. be bent together,
and pods of the plant mpilipili.
Pilipili manga, common black curved, contracted, tense, twisted,
(Arab) pepper. Pilipili hoho, red gnarled, convulsed, &c. (Cf. pinda,

zibar.
—
pepper, capsicum, grown in Zan- pindana, and syn. kunjamana, pete-
(Cf. Kx.filjil, and Hind.) mana, kazana, shupana.)
Pima, measure, weigh.
v. P. -pindani, a. obstinate, unyielding,
urefu, measure the length. P. mchele, stiff. (Cf. pinda, and upindani,
weigh rice. Pima maji, take sound- and syn. -gumu, -kaidi.)
ings. Ps. pimwa. Nt. pimika. Pindi, n. ( —
and ma-), a bend,
,

Ap. pim-ia, -iwa, e. g. pishi ya ku- twist, turn, curve, winding, fold,
pimia, a measure to measure with. coil, ring; (2)^ space or division of
Pimiwa ngiw, 'have cloth measured time, a time (of something), hour (in
out to one, receive a measure of cloth. a general sense). E.g. pindi za
Cs. pim-isha, -ishwa, e. g. pimisha assubuhi, morning hours. Pindi ya
chakula, superintend the measuring chakula, mealtime. Pindi za mchana,
out of food. (Cf. mpimo, kipimo, times (divisions) of the day. Wajua
ph?ia, and syn. kadiri, linga, enenza, pindi atakapokuja, Do you know the
 — ;

PINDO 314 PINI

time when he will arrive ? Pindi ya i.e. 'use the rudder to check, shape
mua, a ring on a sugar-cane. Nyoka the course of, a vessel. P. njia,
yapiga mapindi, the snake coils block the road. Ps. pingwa. Nt.
itself up. Mapindi yd mto, windings pingika. Ap. ping-ia, -iwa, e.g.
of a river. Also as conj. when, if, pingia mlango, close the door against,
supposing, although, i. e. at the time or, put a bar against the door, secure
when, giving time for, allowing for. the door. Cs. pingi-sha, -shwa,
(Cf. pinda, v., kipindi, and for time' pingi-za, zwa.
'
Rp. pingana, op-
saa, wakati, and for bend kwijo, pose each other, bet against each-
'
'

kombo, tao.) other. Pingana na mtu, oppose a

Pindo, n. {ma-), also TJpindo person. (Cf. pingamizi, pingo,
(pindo), selvedge, border of cloth pingu, pingua, pingani, and the very
or of a garment, folded edge, hem. similar kinga, and syn. zuia. For
(Cf. pinda, v. and prec.) betting cf. sharti, weka sharti.)
Pindu, n. (?na-) turning, tumbling,
, Pingamisha, v. obstruct, thwart,
somersault. E.g. fany a (piga) pindu- use as an obstacle or bar, likepinga,
pindu, turn over and over, head over but with intens. force, of active, inten-
heels. (Cf. pinda, v. and prec, tional opposition.
also kichwangomba.) Pingamizi, n. (ma-), that which
Pindua, v. turn over, give an op- obstructs, person or thing, a difficulty,
posite direction to, reverse position obstacle, check, stop. (Cf. pinga,
of, upset, overturn, capsize; (2) change and follg.)
(into something quite different), turn -pingani, a. obstructive, contradic-
(into), transform. —
E.g. pindua tory, causing difficulty, usually of
mtumbwi, overturn a canoe. Pindua, persons. (Cf. pinga, and prec.)
chombo, wear ship, put a vessel on
another tack, tack.
—
Pingili, n. ( ), the piece of a
P. vikombe, cane, or similar growth, between two
upset the cups. Ps. pinduliwa. rings or knots. (Cf. kipingili, and
Akapinduliwa gogo, and he was pinga.)
changed into a log. Nt. pinduka, Pingo, n. (ma-), barrier, obstruc-
be upset, &c, be changed (into), tion, bar, e. g. a door-bar. (Cf.
_
become, take a new direction. Lili- pinga, kipingo, pingu, kipingwa, and
popinduka jua kichwani, when the for door-bar, komco, kiwi.)
sun passed the meridian. Hence Pingu, n. ( — and ma-), (1) a
,

pinduk-ia, -iwa, and pinduk-iza, fetter, and plur. fetters, i. e. two rings
-izwa, cause to fall over (on the fastened round the leg at the ankle,
other side). Ap. pindu-lia, -liwa, and connected by an iron bar (2) ;

-lika. Nikupindulie jabali, let me also, of a cord fastened round the

roll you over the cliff. Cs.pindu-za, ankles to assist in climbing a tree
-zwa, e. g. pinduza dau hu'ko na huko, (3) pingu ya sikio, a round piece
turn a boat first on one side, then on or ring of wood, often ebony, worn
—
the other, to get the water out. in the lobe of the ear by women.
(Rv. form of pinda, v. (which see).) (Cf. jasi, kipini, also pingo, pinga?)
Pinga, v. (1) cause (be, make) Pingua, v. cut in pieces, cut up,
an obstruction, put in the way, ob- cut in lengths, e. g. of sugar-cane.
struct, stop the way, block, thwart, Ps. pinguliwa. Ap. pingul-ia, -iwa.
check, oppose, contradict ; (2) bet, (Cf. pingili, pinga, and for various
lay a wager. Jipinga, put oneself kinds of cutting, kata, pasua, chenga,
in the way, oppose. P. mlango, fas- clianj'a, tenia, &c.)
ten (close, bar) the door. P. shikio Pini, n. ( — ,and of size ma-), haft,
la chombo, pinga chombo kwa shikio, handle, — in which a tool or instrument
 PIPA 315 PO
is inserted. (Cf. kipini, and for e.g. be passed, be passable, be able
other handles, mkono, ttta??ibo.) to be surpassed, &c. Njia inapitika,
*Pipa, n. {ma-), cask, barrel, tub, the road is passable. Hence pitikana,
butt. Dim. kipipa. (Hind.) be able to be passed (surpassed).
Pipya, a. irreg. form of -pya, new, Haipitikani, it is unsurpassable. Ap.
agreeing with D ^(maha li), and loca- pitia, pitiwa, e.g. (1) pass by (away
tives in -ni, —
for papya. from, to, &c.) (2) pass by on pur-
;

—
Pishi, n. ( ), (i) a measure of pose, or by accident, and so slight,
capacity for solids, i.e. grain, &c, a neglect, omit; (3) pass away from
dry measure, —
equal to 4 kibaba the mind, be forgotten. Nimepitiwa,
(which see), i. e. about half a gallon. I have forgotten, it has passed from
(2) it is also used as a measure of my memory. Also a further deriv.
weight, corresponding generally to piti-lia, -liwa, -lika, e. g. pass right
the above, about 6 lb. (3) the vessel by, pass quite away from, be utterly
used as a measure of capacity. Kwa forgotten by, wholly surpass, &c,
mizani ao kwa pishi, by weight or and with mbali (which see), e. g.
measure, i. e. of capacity. (Perh. amewapitilia mbali, he has com-
connected with Cs. form of pika, i. e. pletely outstripped them. Nimepiti-
a conventional quantity for cooking liwa, I have quite forgotten. Also
purposes. Cf. follg.) pitiana, e. g. of commercial or social
Pisho, n. {ma-), cautery, mark intercourse, pass to (or from) each
made by cautery. (Cf. prec. note, other, be on good terms, be in con-
and pika, apply fire to, &c.) stant contact with each other, &c.
Piswa, v. become silly, foolish, Cs. pitisha, or more commonly/>/.s\£a,
doting. Also as n. (ma-), foolishness, pisJnva, e. g. (1) cause to pass, guide,
dotage. (Cf. kichaa, pumbaa) conduct ; (2) let pass, make room for,
Pita, v. (1) pass, go on, go by, allow passage to; (3) put away (aside,
pass by (on, in front of, off, away, off), oust, neglect, reject, &c. Pisha
over, beyond) (2) fig. surpass, over- wakati, spend time.
;
Pisha mchana
pass, excel, exceed, outstrip, be too (masika), pass away the day (the
much for. Pita njia, go along a rainy season). Mi to haipishi, the
road. Alto wapita, the river is flow- rivers do not allow crossing, — like
ing by. Mambo yaliyopita, past haipitiki. Pishwa tohara, be put
events, the past. Mtu wa kupita, a through the ceremony of circumcision.
passer-by, a wayfarer, a passing Also n. Mwenyezi Muungu atakapo-
traveller. Yapita cheo, it passes pisha a?nri yake, when Almighty
bounds, is excessive. Hence kupita God shall ordain. Hence pishia,
cheo, used as adv., beyond all hounds, pishiwa, and pishana, pass by each
extravagantly, abnormally. Kupita, other, allow each other to pass, &c.
as conj.,more than,—-in comparisons Kp. pitana, e. g. pass by each other,
(ci.kuliko). Yule mrefu kupita mimi, overlap. Mila zao hazikupitana,
.

he is taller than I. Pita juu, fly their customs were distinct, did not
through the air. Used (like en da) run into each other. (Cf. pito,
with zangu, zako, zake, &c, e. g. kipito, mpitaji, and syn. ' go ' enda,
napita zangu, I am going away. 1
surpass zidx)
'

Piteni zenu (Imperat.), go away, Pito, n. (ma-), way (means, &c.)

pass on. Also in semi-Cs. sense, of passing, a passage. Not often
njia zinazopita watu, paths which heard. Dim. kipito. (Cf. pita,
people pass along. Shamba linalo- and njia, kijia, kichochoro.)
pita maji, a garden with a running Po is a form of the demonstrative
stream. Ys.pitwa. —
Nt. pitika, prefix pa, of place, the (a) either
 '

POA 316 POKEA

denoting reference or relative distance, shall perhaps become blind. (Cf.
'
there,' (b) or else giving it the force kipofu,and follg.)
of a relative pronoun,' where.' See Pa, Pofua, v. spoil, cause to fail, ruin,
and cf. ku, ko, mu, ?no, -o.) (i) as blight, — but esp. of sight, blind, de-
a demonstrative, -po is used of posi- prive of sight. Muungu amempofua
tion in time, as well as place, and macho asione, God has bereft him of
also of circumstances generally, and eyes, so that he cannot see. Ps.
commonly occurs {a) in the adv. hapo, pofuliwa. Nt. pofuka. Ap.
papo, (b) affixed to ndi- or the person- pofu-lia, -liwa. Cs.pofusha, intens.
pfxs., or parts of the verb -wa, of pofua. (Cf. pofu, kipofu, and
and its equivalents, e. g. yupo, he is variants ? tofua, tofuka.)
there (here). Ndipo alipo, that is Pogo, n. and adv., perh. plur. of
where he is, &c. Alikuwapo, he was upogo, lopsidedness, a one-sided,
there. Asiopo, na lake halipo, out awry condition, e. g. wana pogo za
of sight, out of mind. (2) as a nyuso zao, they haye their faces
relative, with verb-forms generally, awry. Kwenda p., walk in an un-
referring (a) to mahali understood, equal, limping way. Tazama p.,
or (b) of place, time, or circumstances, squint, leer. (Cf. upogo, and perh.
' where, when as if,supposing, in case.
, , pogoa, and syn. ?nshathali, upandc,
(Cf. -o, relative.) As a separate word, kitongo, kikombo.)
po only appears in such phrases as/0 Pogoa, v. and variants bogoa,
pote, in whatever place, wherever it pagua, lop, prune, cut away branches
be, everywhere. (See Pa, and obs. -po or leaves. Ps. pogolewa. Ap.
in -mojawapo.) pogo-lea, -lewa, e. g. kisu cha kupo-
Poa, v. become cool, and so (heat golea, a pruning-knife. (Qf. pogo,
being a common symptom of illness) upogo, pagua, and syn. chenga,
improve in health, become well, be fyeka.)
cured. Wait umepoa baridi, the rice Poka, v. take by violence, steal
has cooled. Amepoa ugonjwa, he away, rob (of), abduct. Wataka
has recovered from his sickness. Ap. poka mke wangu, they want to carry
poelea, poelewa, e. g. cool off, cool off my wife. Ps. pokwa, e. g.
down, cool itself. Cs. poza,pozwa, nimepokwa tipanga, 1 have been
(1) cool, make cool; (2) cure, heal. robbed of my sword. Ap. pok-ea,
Mganga amenipoza marathi yangu, -ewa (but see Pokea). Rp. pokana,
the doctor has cured my sickness. rob each other (of). (Not common
(Cf. pona, and syn. burudika. Dist. in Z. Cf. pokonya, ^tyang'anya.)
poza {posa), cause to marry, and Pokea, v. Ap. form of poka, take
pooza, be withered.) from some one else, — but without any
Podo,
arrow-case,
n. (

— commonly
— , or ma-), quiver,
of wood.
idea of force or violence, or even
of active seizing, as in poka, i. e. (1)
(Cf. ala, uo.) receive, accept, take in the hand ;

Pofu,
scum, froth,
n. (
—foam,alsoa
), heard as bofu,
bubble. Pofu
(2) take in, welcome, entertain, re-
ceive as a guest (3) fig. accept,
;

la bahari, foam of the sea. Fanya assent to, agree with. E. g. wakawa-
pofu, v., foam, froth. Hatta pofu pokea mizigo, they took their loads
ipande, till scum forms on the sur- from them, i. e. in a friendly way,
face. (Dist. follg.) they relieved them. Ngoma za
Pofu, and -pofu, a. spoiled, vita zikapokezva inchi yote, the war-
bereft, lacking something, — and esp. drums were accepted (acknowledged,
of lack of sight, blind, i. e. pofu wa attendedto), through the whole coun-
macho. Labuda ntakuwa pofti, I try. Ps. pokezva. Ap. pok-elea,
 ) —

POKEO 317 PONDA

-elewa, e. g. receive for (on behalf of, poise. Pomboo wazama wazuka,
in the place of, &c). Hence pokel- porpoises dive and reappear.
eza, -ezwa, cause to accept. Also Pomoka, v. variant (i) for bo-
pokelezana, e. g. pok. ng'ombe, take moka ; (2) poromoka.
for (Cf.
turns in guarding cattle. Cs. bomoa, poromoka.)
poke-za, -zwa, cause to receive, gift Pomosha, v. variant (1) for bo-
to, put in the hands of. Hence mosha; (2) for poromosha. (Cf.
pokezana,pokezanya, e. g.pok. mizigo, prec.)
cause to carry loads by turns, take Pona, v. (1) become safe, escape,
turns in carrying. (Cf. follg. and be rescued (saved, delivered) (2) get ;

syn. twaa, kabithi, kubali, karibisha. a living, subsist, preserve one's life,
For Ap. form with a limited sense live and esp. (3) get well (from ill-
;

cf. amba, ambia, ona, onea, sema, ness), recover health, be convales-
semea. cent, regain strength. Ap.ponea,
Pokeo, n. (ma-), thing received, ponewa, e. g. (1) be saved by (with,
tradition. (Cf. pokea, mapokeo.) for, at, &c.) (2) live on, be sup-
;

Pokonya, v. take away by force, ported by, depend on for subsistence

rob, plunder, abduct, ravish. Ps. (whether food, necessaries, or occu-
pokonywa. (Cf. poka, whence pation). Unaponea nini? What are
perh. pokoa, and intens. form -nya. you living on ? Aliponea maji siku
Cf. Cs. ponya, from pona. Syn. sita, he lived on water six days.
nyanganya.) Cha kuponea, subsistence, means of
-pole, a. mild, meek, gentle, sober- living. Cs. ponya, ponywa, e.g.
minded, good-humoured, amiable, save, deliver, rescue, cure, restore to
kind,— opp. to -kali, of temper gener- health. Uniponye iva jua, tita-
ally, -a upole is more common kitponya wa mvua, protect me in the
in same sense. Pole is used as an sun, and I will protect you in the
adv., gently, softly, quietly, slowly, rain. Jiponya ! Mind yourself!.
&c. Often Redupl. polepole. Com- Look out (cf. jihathari, simillah).
!

monly used to sooth or encourage Also a further Cs. pony-esha, -eshwa,

after an accident, shock, misfortune, ponyeka, e. g. haiponyeki habisa, it is
—
bad news, &c, be calm, take it utterly incurable. (Cf. poa,poza,
quietly, don't excite yourself, never and syn. okoa, hifathi, lisha from -la,
mind (cf. upole). The quality im- pata nafuu, salimika.)
plied holds a high place in native Ponda, v. (1) crush by pounding
estimation, esp. as to Europeans, or beating, pound to pieces, beat
contr. ukali, and cf. -ema, -anana, small, pulverize, usually —with
taratibu, kiasi.) wooden pestle and mortar (cf. kinu,
Poli, n. (ma-), forest, wilderness, mche). Dist. Iwanga, properly used
uninhabited wilds. Polini hapana of same process applied to cleaning
nyumba wala mtu, in a poll there grain, i. e. removing the husks, saga,
is neither house nor inhabitant. of grinding grain to powder by mill-
(Cf. ptdulu, nyika, mwitu.) stones, pressure, attrition. Thus
— —
Pombe, n. ( ), native beer, an Iwanga is used of rice, maize, millet,
intoxicant made from many kinds Sec, ponda of«uch seeds as pepper,
of grain and some fruits, e. g. curry (bizari), and also cassava, &c.
bananas, 'by fermentation. In the (2) fig. crush, take all life and spirit
earlier stage of manufacture, while away from, break down, dispirit.
sweet and unintoxicating. it is called Fs.pondwa. Nt. pondeka, e. g. (1)
togwa. (Cf. togwa, tembo.) be crushed, beaten down, pulverized;
Pomboo, n. ( —and ma-), por- (2) be capable of being broken in
,
 PONDEO 318 POEOMOKA
pieces. Hence pondekea, e. g. often in Z. Cf. hatirisha, bahatisha.
mtama umepondekea inchi, the millet Dist. ponyeza {ponza), Cs. of ponya,
is crushed down to the ground, and pona.)
also pondekeana, e. g. of stalks of Pooza, v. become useless, withered,
millet crushed and bruised against paralysed, impotent. Mwenyi ku-
each other. Ap. pondea, e. g. pooza, a cripple, an impotent man.
amenipondea pilipili kinuni, she Cs. pooz-esha, -eshtva, e. g. of the
pounded the peppercorns for me in a effect of illness, cripple, disable. —
mortar. (Cf. pondeo, pondo, and (Cf. follg. and syn. chakaa,fifia.)
twanga, saga.) Pooza, n. {ma-), something un-
Pondeo, n. {ma-), a kind of mal- developed, withered, dried up, ar-
let used by shoemakers. (Cf. rested in growth, esp. of fruit fallen
prec. and mngtiri.) from the tree in a half- formed, with-
—
Pondo, n. ( , and ma-), a punt- ered state. Dim. kipooza. Also
ing pole, for pushing a boat or canoe -pooza, a., undeveloped, withered.
along in shallow water. Maji ya (Cf. pooza, v.)
pondo hayataki tanga, shallow water —
Popo, n. ( , and of size ma-),
does not require a sail. a bat, a large bat. (Cf. kipopo,
Pongezi, n. a congratulatory ad- commonly used.)
dress, I hope you are well, e. g. Popoo, n. {ma-), (i) the areca
after safe return, childbirth, &c. nut, fruit of the mpopoo. Cut in thin
The rejoinder is, lu salama, we are slices, it is much used for chewing
well. (Not usual in Z.) with tambuu, &c. in Z. See TJraibu.
Pono, n. name of a fish, said to be (2) a ball of iron or lead, bullet.
often in a torpid state. Ana usi- Popotoa, v. wrench, twist, strain,
ngizi kama pono, he is as sleepy as a distort. E. g. mlango ukafungwa
pono. tikapopotolewa, the door was fastened
Ponoa, v. strip off, e. g. of bark and then wrenched open. Popotoa
from a tree. (Cf. pogoa, pagua.) —
mkono, twist the hand, so as to make
Ponta, n. also Punta, Pointa, the joints crack. Ps. popotolewa.
back-stitch, —
in sewing. Pigaponta, Nt. popotoka, e. g. of a sprained
as v., back-stitch, e. g. of a wristband ankle. Ap. popoto-lea, -lewa. Cs.
or cuff. popoto-sha, -s/iwa. (Cf. potoa, of
Ponya, Ponyeka. See Pona. which it- seems a reduplicated form,
Ponyoka, v. slip away, slide out, and pepetua, a possible variant.)
escape, — of unnoticed or un-
secret, Pora, n. {ma-), a young cockerel,
expected movement. Mtu aliponyoka not yet old enough to crow, de- —
makutini akaanguka, the man slipped scribed as pora la jimbi lianzalo ku-
off the thatch and fell. Pilauri ondokea, i. e. beginning to grow up.
imeniponyoka mkononi, the glass has (Cf jimbi, jogoo, kuku.)
.

slipped out of my hand. Cs. Poroja, n. porridge, or anything

ponyo-sha, -shwa, g. cause to fall,
e. of similar consistency. Wali poroja,
let slip from one's hand, e. g. (prep.) rice cooked with too much water.
amemponyoshea kuku chembe za mta- Poroja la chokaa, watery mortar.
ma, she let a few grains of millet fall Also as v. {poroa, or poroja), be
out of her hand for the fowl. watery, like gruel.
Ponza, v. put in danger, risk, Poromoka, v. (also heard as boro-
speculate with, make moka, boromosha, and perh.pomoka),
a venture, do
haphazard, be reckless. Kaponza glide or slip down in a mass, or with
roho yake, he just went at it, took his a rush (like an avalanche, cataract,
life in his hand. Sojiponza. —
(Not or stone-slide), be poured out, gush
 —

POROMOKO 319 POTQA

out like a flood, be discharged, rush marriage, marriage gifts or settle-
down, fall in a shower, or fit of terror, ment, wooing. (Cf. posa, uposo.)
collapse. P. mnazi, slide down a Pote, a. form of -ote, all, agreeing
cocoanut tree. P. mlima, rush down with D 7 (mahali), and locatives in
a hill. Poromoka is used of a banana -ni,— also used as adv., everywhere,
plant bending down with its load of in all places, and Rd. poiepote, every-
fruit. Ap. poromok-ea, -ewa. Cs. where. (See -ote, pa, and dist. pole,
poromo-sha, -shwa, and pomosha, e. g. plur. of upote.)
p. nazi, shower down cocoanuts from Potea, v. (1) go astray, get lost,
a tree, p. mavi, empty the bowels. wander, be at fault, be ruined, perish;
Akaliponwsha sanduku, he let the (2) fig. fall away, deteriorate, go to
box come down with a rush. Obs. ruin, become reprobate. Potea is the
also jiporomoa, roll or rush down a common word for material and moral
slope. (Cf. follg. and perh. bomoa, loss, failure, and ruin. Frequently
bomoka, &c.) used with an objective pfx. as if a
Poromoko, n. {ma-), (i) place of true A p. form (see note), kisu ki-
sudden descent, precipice, steep place, menipotea, I have lost my knife, for
face of a cliff; (2) shower, fall, dis- nimepotewa kisu (or na kisu). Akili
charge, rush, e. g. of stones, water, zi??iempotea, he has lost his senses.
&c. Maporomoko ya mto, cataracts, Kupotea njia ndio kujua njia, to lose
rapids, waterfalls. (Cf. prec.) your way is to know your way.
Posa, v. and perh. poza, ask in Ps. potewa, e. g. incur the loss of,
marriage, become a suitor for, woo, ktipoteiva mali, to lose money. Ap.
the person addressed being the parent potelea, potelewa, —
not often used,
or relation in the first place, e. g. yule except in the common imprecation
muvie humposa baba yake, the man potelea mbali, go and be hanged.
proposes to the woman's father. Cs. pote-za, -zwa, cause to perish,
Vs.poswa. Nt. poseka. Ap.pos-ea, throw away, ruin, corrupt, spoil.
-ewa, e. g. malt ya kuposea, money Hencepote-zea, -zewa, e. g. alimpotezea
to arrange a marriage with, to marry maneno, he quite refuted (thwarted,
on. Cs.pos-es/ia, -eshwa, e. g. mtu perverted) his statements. Also pote-
wa kuposesha, a match-making per- zana. Rp. poteana, of several
son. Rp. posana, agree about a objects, get scattered, lose each
marriage. — n. (ma-, or plur. of other. (Cf. -potevu, upotevti, also
uposa, i. e. vitti vya uposa), mar- potoa, and upote,
-potofu, popotoa, —
riage settlements, gifts, arrangements. all indicating a verb pota not in use,
&c, with a view to marriage. See but meaning 'be out of the straight, be
also Poso. (Cf. follg. and oa, twisted, askew, set cross-wise.')
oza.) Potoa, v. (1) put out of the
Posha, give rations to, supply
v. straight, make crooked (curved,
with daily food, serve out supplies to. slanting, &c), turn aside,give a
Ps. poshwa. Ap. posh-ea, -ewa. twist to ; (2) fig.ruin, pervert, spoil,
Rp. posh-eza, -ezwa. (Cf. follg. corrupt. P. kazi, spoil work. P.
and perh. poka, i.e. pokesha.) maneno, pervert words. Jipotoa, be-
—
Posho, n. ( , and ma-), rations, have extravagantly, ruin oneself, e. g.
daily supply of food, clothing, main- by over-dressing. Ps. potolewa,
tenance, — e. g. such as is given to Nt. potoka, e.g. be crooked, twisted,
slaves, soldiers, a wife. (Cf. prec. spoiled, perverted, &c, also be —
and sarifu, riziki, nafuu.) wrong-headed, eccentric, cranky, per-
Poso, n. (ma-), or plur. of uposo, verse. Ap. poto-lea,-lewa. Cs.poto-
application for a bride, demand of sha, -shzua, intens., e.g. amepotosha
 y

-POTOE 320 PTJKUTIKA

akili za mtoto asimfuate baba, he has cast off shame, lead a mean, beggarly
perverted the child's ideas, so as not life. Vs.pufuliwa. Nt.pujuka.
to follow his father. (Cf. potea,Ap. puju-lia, -liwa. (Cf. follg.,
note, andfollg. Contr. ongoa, nyoka.) and konoa, goboa.)
-potoe, {potoe with
a. 4 (P), D -pujufu, shameless, beggarly,
a.
D 5 (S), D
6), out of the straight, and in act. sense, wasteful, prodigal.
—
crooked, but usu. in the fig. sense, (Cf. prec.)
perverted, perverse, spoilt, head- Pukupuku, adv. showers,
lit. in
strong, depraved. (Cf. potoa, and and so, in quantities, wholesale,
follg. The final -e is prob. passive, plentifully. Jaa pukupuku, be full
as in -teule, mshinde, &c.) to overflowing, e. g. of a measure full
-potofu, a. {potofu with 4 (P), D till the grain runs over. Marathi ya
D 5 (S), D
6), used generally as pukupuku, used of a destructive epi-
-potoe, but with act. as well as pass, demic, killing wholesale. (Cf.
force. -potofu zva malt, prodigal, follg. and pukute, and syn. farafara,
wasteful, -potofu wa akili, wrong- furifuri.)
headed. (Cf. potoa, potea, &c.) Pukusa, v. (1) cause to fall in
Povu, -povu, povua. See pofu, showers, cause to shower down in
-pofu, pofua. make shed fruit. Hence
quantities,
Poza, v. Cs. of poa, i. e. make also (2) throw money about, make
cool, cure. (Dist.posa (or poza), ask liberal presents (3) make a con-i ;

in marriage, and pooza, be withered, gratulatory visit to, —

with presents,
paralysed.) —
viapza, n. plur. &c. Pukusa isused of, e.g. stripping
healing things, doctor's appliances, the grains off a cob of maize, leaves
hospital stores. (Cf. poa, pona, or fruit from a tree, giving money to
and dawa.) a crowd, destroying lives wholesale
Pua, n. ( — ), (1) the nose, — and (of an epidemic). Twende tw?ipu-
used to describe what resembles (or is kuse, let us go and offer our congratu-
supposed to resemble) the nose, e. g. lations (presents) to him. But akau-
apex of an arch. Mivanzi wa pua, pukusa mkoma mzi??ia, he shook all
nostril, also Hindu la pua. Pigapua, the fruit off the palm Vs.puktiswa.
.

snort. Sema kipua, semea puani, Ap. pukus-ia, -iwa. Cs. pukusi-
speak through the nose. Ujinga huo s/ia, -shwa. Pukusa also occurs as a
wa kuacha kinywa kutia puani, as n. of D 6, a congratulatory present,
silly as to use the nose for the mouth. e. g. haya pukusa zako, mwanangu,

(2) steel, tempered iron, also pua — these are presents for you, my child.
ya chuma, chuma pua. Tia pua pukupuku, and follg.)
(Cf.
kishoka, temper the edge of an axe. Pukute, n. lit. that which is
(Cf. c/iuma.) showered down, or in a condition
Pua, v. shell, remove from the resembling such. Used of rice, when
pod, — of beans, peas, &c. (Str.). cooked so that every grain is loose
(Cf. pura.) and separate, i.e. pukute a wall, or }

Pugi, n. a small kind of dove. wali wa pukute. (Cf. follg.)

Pujua, v. (1) take the skin off, Pukutika, v. fall off in showers,
remove the outside covering, abrade, as leaves when withered, or fruit when
e.g. pujua mhindi (embe), e.g. of a ripe, also rice when cooked so the
cob of maize, or the rind of a mango, grains are dry, not watery. Cs.
i.e. strip off with the fingers (cf. konoa, pukuti-sha, -shwa, e. g. p. umande,
when an instrument is used), — not of wait, give time, for the dew to fall.
the skin of animals. See Chuna. P. mkate, crumble bread, let fall in
Also (2) fig. jipujua, bare oneself, crumbs. P.jasho, drop with sweat.
 — — ;

PULEKI 321 PUNDE

Uso wake unapnkutisha jasho, sweat (yai za) pumbu, testicles. (Cf,
is dropping from his face. (Cf. pumba, and prec.)
pukusa, pukute, pukupuku.) Pumu, n. (ma-), (1) the breathing
—
Puleki, n. ( ), also Puliki and organ, lung, esp. of a living animal —
Puluki, a spangle, tinsel ornament. (2) any affection of the lung, chest
Puliza, v. ( i ) blow with the mouth, complaint, asthma. (Cf. follg.,
puff, —and with an object, blowup, fill also kifua, and pafu.)
with air. P. pu?nzi, fill with breath. Pumua, v. (1; draw breath, breathe,
P. kibofu, blow up a bladder, or a live; (2) get breath, rest, find relief,
football. (Perh. conn, with pu- have breathing time. Qs.pumuza,
muzi, puma, &c, as if pumtcliza.) e. g. nimempumtiza kazi, I have
(2) let go, let out, let down (or, up), caused him 10 rest from his labour.
lower, e. g. of a bucket in a well, a (CL pumu, and follg.)
rope, fishing-line, anchor, a kite, e.g. Pumuzi, n. ( ), and Pumzi,
puliza tiara, let the kite go up, fly breath, breathing, respiration. Paaza
—
the kite. Ps. pulizwa. Nt. pu- (pandis/ia, vuta) p., draw in the
lizika. Ap. puliz-ia, -iwa, e g. (1) breath, fill the lungs. Shtisha
blow into, blow up, or (2) let down (tod) p., empty the lungs. Kokota p.
to (for, in), e.g. amepulizia mshipi (or, roho), draw the breath with diffi-
samaki baha?'ini, he has let down his culty. (Cf. pumu, pumua, and
line to a fish in the sea. follg.)
Pululu, n. Pumzika, v. and Pumuzika, get
(ma-), wilderness, un-
inhabited country, forest. (Qi.poli, breath, rest oneself, take a holiday,
nyika, mwita.) stop working. P. zithia, have a re-
Puma, v. throb, pulsate, beat, spite from annoyance. P. kazi, rest
like the pulse, heart, &c, e. g. of an from work. Ap. pumzikia, e. g.
abscess, the head in illness. (Cf. mahali pa kupumzikia, a resting-
piga, papa, tctema, tutuma.) place. Cs. pumzi-sha, -shwa, e.g.
Pumba, n. ( —
and ma-), also cause (invite, allow) to rest.
, (Cf.
Bumba, lump, rolled-up piece, clod ptimzikio, and prec. Also syn. tulia,
of earth, packet. Kuwa mapumba, burudika.)
to form lumps, stick together, con- Pumzikio, n. {ma-) and Pumziko,
geal. Dim. kipumba. (Cf. bumba, place (time, mode, &c.) of resting.
donge.) (Cf. prec. and tuo, kituo.)
Pumbaa, v. be foolish, silly, weak- Puna, v. scrape, scrape off, peel,
minded, negligent. Pumbaa kazi, p. ganda la mil, take bark off
e. g.
take no pains about a job, do it care- a tree p. ngozi^ scrape a skin clean,
;

lessly, be idle. Cs. pumbaza, be- of fat, hair, &c. p. hart, scrape off
;

fool, make a fool of, treat as a fool, perspiration p. karatasi, make an

—
;

deceive, play jokes upon. Jipumbaza, erasure, in writing. Ps. punwa.

be stupid on purpose, pretend to be a Nt. punika. Ap. ptm-ia, -iwa.
fool. Hence pumbazwa, and pumba- Cs. pun-iska,-is/iwa. (Cf. kwangua,
zika, be made a fool of, be duped, komba, paa, kuna.)
e. g. way by care-
p. njia, miss the
lessness.
Punda, n. ( ), donkey, ass.
Msiende mkapwnbazike, do Puuda kiongwe^ a mainland (often
—
not go playing the fool. (Perh. Nya?nwezi) donkey, commonly used
conn, with pumba, and follg., i. e. for burdens in Z., — in contrast to the
be lumpish, heavy.) large white Muscat donkey, which is
Pumbu, n. (ma-), (1) scrotum, and much valued for riding purposes.
plur. testicles (2) affections of the
; Puuda milia, zebra.
scrotum, hernia, orchitis. Koko za Punde, adv. a little, just a little,
 PUNGA 322 PtmUKA
somewhat, within a time, just
little (P), D 5 (S), D 6), defective, want-
now (then), presently, soon. E. g. ing, diminished, scanty. Mpungufu
nikaona sijambo p., I felt a little wa mali, short of money. Mwezi
better. Mrefu p., a little taller. mpungufu, an incomplete month, i.e.
Aiakuja punde hivi, he will come one of 29 days. Mp. wa u?igwana,
shortly. Umefika you have ar- without a clear title to freedom.
p.,
rived lately. Punde kwa punde, —
n. {ma-), defect, deficiency, some-
little by little. (Cf. kidogo, kitambo, thing wanting, flaw. (Cf. upungufu,
and opp. sana, zaidi.) and prec.)
Punga, v. (i) wave, swing, sway, Punguka, v. Nt. of pungua (which
move to and fro in the air, gesticu- see), growsmaller, get less, diminish,
late with, fan, use or cause a rhyth- abate, fail. Ap. punguk-ia, -iwa,
mical motion. Thus p. tipepo, put e. g. anapungukiwa mali, his re-
the air in motion, with a fan, &c, sources are failing him. (Cf. prec.
i. e. kwa kipepeo. P. mikono, sway and contr. zidi, ongeza.)
the arms, —
gracefully in walking. P.
hewa, cool oneself, air oneself, take a fig.
Punja,
sense,
v. used in Z. only in the
swindle.
cheat, Ps.
change of air, —
like badili hewa. punjwa. Nt. punjika. Ap.
Hence (2) a common special mean- punj-ia, -iwa. (Kr. gives the
ing, of the whole ceremonial of native literal sense as ' pound.' Cf. follg.,
exorcism, —
dancing, drumming, in- and for syn. cf. kopa, karamkia,
cantations, &c. E. g. punga pepo, danganya.)
exorcize a spirit, and with personal
object kupunga mtu, put a person
Punje,
single grain,
n. — a grain,
( ),

— of corn, maize,
&c.
i.e. a

through the ceremony of exorcism. Punje moja ya mtama, a grain of

Ps. pungwa. Nt. pungika. Ap. millet. (Cf. prec. and chembe.)
pung-ia, -iwa, e. g. pungia mkono
{kitambaa, ngud), wave the hand talk,
Puo, n.
silly
( —
), nonsense, foolish
behaviour. (Cf. puza,
(handkerchief, dress) to, signal to, upuzi.)
&c. Cs. pung-is/ia, -ishwa, e. g.
unipungishe upepo, fan me. Nta-
Pupa, n. ( — ),
eager desire. Fanya p.
effort, zeal,
eagerness, haste,

mptmgisha pepo, I will have her exor- ya kwisha kazi, be eager to finish
cized. (Cf. suka, tikisa, pepea.~) work. P. ya kula, greediness, vo-
Punga, n. plur. of upunga (which Kula kwa p., to eat greedily.
racity.
see). Mtaka yote kwa pupa hukosa yote,
Pungu, n. a kind of fish, also a he who wants everything in a hurry
bird of prey. loses everything. (Cf. syn. choyo,
Pungua, v. grow less, diminish, bidii, taznaa, tadi, and perh. papia.)
abate, decrease, e. g. jua lina-
fail, Pura, v. beat, beat out, e.g. of —
pungua, the sun is getting less hot. corn, &c, i.e. thresh and of clothes, ;

Upepo umepztngua, the wind has —

clean by beating, i. e. wash in the
dropped. Akili zi?ne??ipungua, he native way. (Cf. ptia, v., and
is losing his mental powers. Nt. piga, fua.)
punguka (which see) Cs. pungu-za,
. Puruka, v. fly off, be scared away.
-zzva, -sha, -shzva, make less, reduce, Cs. puruk-usha, -ushwa, i.e. cause to
shorten, diminish, &c. E. g. p. bet, fly off, treat with contempt, slight,
lower the price. P. tanga, reef a make light of, be off-hand with.
sail. Jipunguza, humble, depreciate Purukusha matieno, talk heedlessly,
oneself. (Cf. follg. and syn. for discuss superficially. P. sikio, listen in-
'reduce,' kata,fupisha, 7'udisha.) attentively. Jipurukusha, be flighty,
-pungufu, a. (pungufu with D 4 superficial, neglectful, inattentive.
 —

PTJRUKTJSHANI 323

(Seems connected with rttka, fly off. locative form from root -pwa (which
Cf. follg.) shore coast, esp. the part affected
see)), ,

Purukushani, n. negligence, su- by the tide, e. g. Kilwa pwani yake

perficial treatment, a hasty, careless kupwa sana, at Kilwa the tide runs
manner. Fanya kazi kwa puruku- out a long way. Hiyo pwani inchi
shani, work carelessly. (Cf. prec.) nzuri, this coast land is a fine country.
Purura, v. rub off, strip off, e. g. of Oga pwani, bathe on the seashore.
rubbing leaves off a branch, by passing (Cf. -pwa, v. and kipwa, also ufuo,
it through the hand. (CI. para.) tt/uko.)
Puta,v. beat soundly, flog, thrash. Pwaya, v. (1) also Pwaga, used
Ps. putwa. Nt. putika. (Not of the final cleaning given to rice, &c,
often heard. Cf. piga, chapa, gonga, after pounding, removal of all husks,
Sec) dust, dirt. Ps. pwayiwa. Nt.
Puza, v. be silly, foolish, non- pwayika. Ap.pway-ia,-iwa,e.g.
sensical, esp. in talk, —
gossip, flirt. nimepwayiwa mchele na watti, I had
Puza kazi (inanend), work (talk) in my rice cleaned for me. Cs.
a silly way. Jipuza, play th^ fool, pway-isha, -iskwa. (Cf. twanga,
be good for nothing. Nt. ptizika, ponda, kinu.) (2) be loosely attached,
in same sense, e. g. apuzika na move about freely, not be well fitted
waanake, he is always fooling with or fixed, e. g. of a ring on the finger.
women. Cs. puzisha, e. g. amuse, (Cf. hgea, ckeza.)
entertain, make sport for (or, of). Pweke,n. and a., solitariness, alone.
Ap. ptiz-ia, -iwa. (Cf. upiizi, Mimi ni piveke, I am by myself,
-puzi, puo, and dist. pttza, puzia, commonly peke yangu. Hii pweke
puziwa, as forms of puliza (which nitivundo, this loneliness is disgusting.
see).) (Cf. upweke, peke, pekee.)
-pwa, v. (but kupwa in certain Pweza, n. a cuttle-fish.
tenses, like other monosyllabic verbs, -pya, a. (mpya with 4 (P), D
6, D
see Ku- i. (d)), dry, become dry, jipya with 5, D
pipy 'a with 7), new, D
dry up, esp. of the ebb of the tide, fresh, recent, novel, modem. (Opp-
e. g. bahari inakupwa, the sea is to -a kale, -a zamani, -kitkuu, -zee.
ebbing, maji yapwa, the tide is going Cf. for 'young in age,' mtoto, -dogo for ;

out. Maji ya kujaa na kupwa, flow 'novel, strange,' -geni for fresh in ;
'

and ebb of the tide. Ap. pwea, condition, not fully matured,' -bichi.)
pwewa, e.g. of the voice, be dry, -pyoro, a. one who cannot be
hoarse, sauti imenipwea, nimepwewa trusted, one who deceives, exaggerates,
sauti,\zxa. hoarse, —and of a swelling, &c. Mapyoro, deceitfulness, ex-
subside, go down. Also pwelea, pwe- aggeration, double-dealing.
lewa, pweleka, like pwea, but also
esp. in Ps. and Nt. form of ships B.
running aground, be high and dry, go R
is used to represent (1) the
ashore. Hence pweleza, e. g. (i ) cause Bantu r sound, which in Swahili is
to dry up, (2) run aground. Cs. not practically distinguished from /,
pwe-sha, -shwa, e. g. Muungu ame- and so not quite so distinct as the
pwesha maji, God has dried up the English smooth*intrilled r. Nearly
water, caused it to go down. Also all words of African origin beginning
pwesha jipu, reduce the swelling of with this sound will be found under
an abscess. (Cf. pwani, kiptva, L (2) the Arabic r sound, which
;

and syn. kattka.) is somewhat stronger than the English

Pwaga, v. See Pwaya. r, but in Swahili is often assimilated
Pwani, n. and adv. (strictly a to the Bantu r. Nearly all the words
Y 2
 —
BABBI 324 EANDA
given under R will be seen to be of *Rai, v. give food to, put food in
foreign origin. the mouth of, feed, —
esp. as a sign
The rolled or guttural r is only of affection or respect. (Ar. Cf.
used in imitation (conscious or un- liska, Cs. of -la, v.)
conscious) of Arabic pronunciation, *Rajabu, n. the seventh month of
esp. oi gkain. the Arabic year, regarded as esp.
Though not careful to distinguish sacred, as the month of Mahomed's
r and /, the Swahili recognizes the journey to Jerusalem. (Arab.)
difference, and preserves it as a rule *Rajamu, n. mark, stamp, trade-
in words, where needed to make the mark. (Ar. properly of a stone
meaning clear, e.g. hali, condition, used as a mark, cf. anwani, ckapa,
hari, sweat, and in demonstratives alama.)
such as yule. *Raka, n. {ma-), patch, spot.
—
*Rabbi, n. lord, master, in Z.only Nguo ya rakaraka, patched, tattered
—
as a title of God, like Mola. (Ar.) garment. Kirakaraka, spotted,
—
*Radi, n. ( ), (i) plan, design, speckled, dappled. (Ar.)
purpose, wish, resolve, e. g. mmekosa *Rakabish,a, n. show vigilance
radi ya baba yenu, you have failed (care, attention) as to, act with caution,
to carry out your father's wish. arrange, provide, prepare. Some-
(Ar. mradi, cf. nia, kusudi, azima, times also a Nt. rakabika, be done
s kauri.) (2) for rathi, see Urathi, or managed with care, &c, and simple
favour, good pleasure, acquiescence, rakabu, in similar sense. (Ar.)
approval, pardon. Taka {jpata) radi, *Rali, a. (pronounced with deep
ask (obtain) consent. (Ar. Cf. guttural r). See Ghali. (Ar.)
rithi, urathi, and rukusa.) (3) also *Ramani, n. and Rahmani, map,
Radu, thunder-clap. Piga radi, chart, plan. (Ar.)
thunder. (Ar. Cf. ngurumo.) *Ramathani, n. the Mahommedan
*Rafiki, n. ( —and ma-), friend,
, month of fasting, when nothing is
the most common word. ( Ar. Cf. eaten or drunk between sunrise and
urafiki, and syn. mwenzi, mpenzi, sunset. (Ar. Cf. mwezi, and for
sahibu, msiri, mzishi.) fasting, mfungo, fungal)
*Raha,n. rest, repose, peace, tran- Ramba, v. lick. See Lamba.
quillity, passive enjoyment, ideal — n. (1) (ma-), a Madagascar grass-
happiness, bliss. R. ya peponi, heav- cloth, of fine plaited grass with
enly happiness. R. mstarehe, perfect coloured stripes (2) a kind of knife
;

peace. (Ar. Cf. sta-reke, and syn. used by shoemakers (Str.).

amani, ntulivu,furaka, ki?nya.) *Rambi-rambi, n. words or mes-
*Rahani, n. and Rehani, Rihani, sages of condolence after a death or
pledge, mortgage, security. Weka disaster. (Ar. See Mbirambi.)
rahani, deposit as a pledge (in pawn). *Ramli, n. sand. In Z. of a
(Ar. Cf. amana. Dist. rakani, divining-board, covered with sand,
locat. oiraka.) used for foretelling the future. Hence
*Rahisi, a. (1) cheap, of small piga r., use a divining-board, take
value (contr. ghali, -a thamani) (2) omens. Tukaenda katika rai&ii,
—
;

easy, without difficulties, and so, and we resorted to divination. Weka

light in weight, comfortable, soft r., try divination. (Ar. Cf. B.
(contr. -zito, -gumu, and syn. -epesi). mckanga.)
E. g. njia r., an easy road. Kazi r., *Rammu, n. (with guttural r).
easy work. Mzigo r„ a light load. See Ghammu, Hamu. (Ar.)
Rakisi inavunja upiski, cheapness *Randa, n. a carpenter's plane.
spoils the cooking. (Ar.) Riga r., plane, v. (Hind.)
 RANDA 325 REHANI
Randa, v. dance for joy, gambol, (Ar. Cf. urathi, rithia, rithisha,
frisk, jump about. (Cf. cheza, &c, and syn. kubali, pokea, ithint,
tapa.) also for Rp. patana. Dist. rathi,
*Rangi, n. (i)colouring matter, for radi, mradi, opinion, purpose,
pigment, paint (2) colour in general,
;
plan.)
tint, hue. Tia (paka) rangi, colour, *Ratibu, v. arrange, put in order,
paint, apply paint to. -a rangi, settle, fix, make firm and sound.
coloured, painted. -a rangirangi, Ps. ratibiwa. Nt. ratibika. Ap.
of many hues, variegated. (Hind. ratib-ia, -iwa. Cs. ratib-isha,
The only B. adjs. of colour in Swahili -ishwa, e. g. get a matter settled, have
are -etipe, -eusi, -ekundu, white, it arranged. (Ar. Cf. taratilm,
black, red.) but tengeneza, fanyiza are commonly
Rarua, v. tear in pieces, tear, used.)
rend, — used regularly of a wild *Ratli, n. also Rateli, Ratel, a
animal tearing its prey. Also rarua weight of about 1 lb., reckoned
nguo, tear clothes. Ps. raruliwa. as equal to 16 wakia or ounces.
Ap. raru-lia, -liwa. (Cf. pasua, (Ar. For weights, see also Pishi,
papura.") Frasila.)
*Rasha-rasha, n. Mvuaya rasha- *Rayia,
dant,
n. ( —
subject, depen-
),
(Arab, for the
rasha, light drizzling rain, drizzle, tributary.
showers. (Ar. Cf. marashi, common mtu, mtumwa, dependant.)
mrashi, and follg.) —
*Reale, n. ( ), a dollar, usually —
*Rashia, v. sprinkle, besprinkle. reckoned for commercial purposes as
Ps. rashiwa. (Ar. Cf. marashi, equal in value to two rupees, eight
mrashi, and syn. uyunyiza.) pice. The coin commonly known
—
*Rasi, n. ( ) also Has, (1) head-
land, cape, promontory;
by the name in
Maria Theresa
Z. is the Austrian
dollar,
(2) capital, silver still

property, fortune, —
commonly ras il largely used in Abyssinia, and till
malt. (Ar. head.')
'
lately the only coin widely current in
*Rateli, n. and Ratel, a pound- —
East Africa, its actual value vary-
weight. See Batli. (Ar.) ing with the demand for trade pur-
*Rathi, n. ( — ), also sometimes poses, —also called Reale ya Sham,
Radi, (1) contentment, acquiescence, Syrian dollar. The reale ya mzinga
compliance, approval, pardon, favour, is the Spanish pillar dollar (so
sanction ;(2) apology, satisfaction called from its device). The French
offered. E. g. kwa rathiya Muungu, five-franc piece is called reale ya
by the favour (blessing) of God. Fransa. (Span, and Port.)
Alishika rathi na wosia tua baba -refu, a. (iidefu with 4 (P), D
6, D
yake, he persevered in compliance refu with D5 (S)), long, high, tall,
with the charge of his father. Taka deep. E. g. mtu mrefu, a tall man.
rathi, ask pardon, apologize. Nime- A/lima mrefu, a high mountain.
tangulia kupokea rathi zako, I have Kamba ndefu, a long rope. Shimo
accepted your apologies in advance. refu, a deep pit. Opp. to -fupi.
— a. contented, satisfied, willing, (Cf. ureftil)
ready, consenting. Ni rathi sana, Regea, v. (vf also Legea (which
I am Uniwie rathi, see), be loose, slack. (2) Also Re-
quite content.
pardon me, allow me, do not be dis- jea (which see), return. (Ar.)
pleased with me. Also common in -regefu, a. See -legefu.
the Arab, form kunrathi, pardon me. *Rehani, n.
(1) also Rahani
Rp. raihiana, agree together, con- (which see), pledge, pawn ; (2) also
sent, be reconciled, be of one mind. Rihani, the heib basil (cf. kivumbasi) ;
 ;

REHEMA 326 RITHI

(3) a kind of calico made at Cutch Cs. remb-esha, -eshwa. (Cf. urembo,
in imitation of Muscat fabric. rembo, rembua, marembo, and the
*Eshema, n. mercy, pity, com- commoner syn. pamba.)
passion, fellow-feeling, —
human and Rembo, n. (ma-), ornament, orna-
divine. Also an euphemism for death, mental marking (form, colour). Mar-
fikiliza rehemani, take to mercy mar ya marembo, variegated marble,
(rest). Cf. marehemu. (Ar. Cf. i. e. with streaks, veins, &c. (Cf.
follg. and syn. huruma, perh. the prec.)
same word. Rehema in poet, is Rembua, v. Rv. of remba, spoil
sometimes ruhuma.) the beauty of, distort, disfigure. Re-
*Rehemu, v. pity, have mercy on, mbua macho, show the whites of the
—
commiserate, and as an euphemism, eyes. Ps. rembuliwa. (Cf. prec.
end the life of, grant rest to. Ps. and umbua.)
rehem-iwa, or -ewa, e. g. be shown *-reno, a. of Portugal, Portuguese.
mercy, die. Nt. rehem-ika, or -eka. Mreno, a Portuguese. Ureno, Por-
Ap. rehem-ia, -iwa, or -ea, -ewa, like tugal. Kireno, the Portuguese lan-
the Pr. form, show (feel) compassion guage.
to (for, by). Cs. rehem-esha, -eshwa, *Riba, n. interest on money or
as Intens., show mercy to, bless, property, money-lending, usury. To a
prosper. (Ar. Cf. prec. and ma- r., lend at interest, practise usury.
rehemu, huruma.) Mia r., one who takes interest, a
*Reja-reja, n. and adv., retail usurer, money-lender, banker. (Ar.,
business, by retail. Bei (biashara) —
sometimes, with article, iriba. Cf.
ya reja-reja, retail trade. Opp. to faida.)
shelabela, jumla. (? Ar. returns, *Rihani, n. and Rehani, a sweet-
profits. Cf. rejea.) scented herb, sweet basil. Two va-
*Rejea, v. (1) go back, return rieties are known
as r. ya kipata, and
(2) fig. refer (to), relate (to) r. ya kiajjemi. (Cf. kivumbasi.)
(3) ;

act. turn back, e. g. a will, for rejeza, Rika, n. {ma-), age, time of life,
e. g.rejea wosia, revoke. Ps. rejewa. also, a contemporary, one of the
Nt. rejeka. Cs. rej-eza, -ezwa, re- same age, equal. So rika moja,
turn, repay. Hence rejez-ea, -ewa. marika mamoja, of same age. (Cf.
Also rejezana. Rp. rejeana. 7narika and umri.)
(Ar. Cf. syn. rudi, and follg.) *Risasi, n. also Lisasi (which
*Rejeo, n. usu. in plur. marejeo, and Rusasi, lead. (Ar.)
see),
return, requital, repayment, reference. *Ritha, n. consent, sanction, ap-
(Ar. Cf. prec.) proval. Rarely used. Kwa ritha
*Rekebu, v. use as a vehicle, yetu wenyewe, by our own consent.
—
mount upon, ride, sail, &c, whether (Ar. Cf. follg.)
of animal or machine. Ps. rekeb- *Rithi, (1) v. (the th pronounced
tzva. Nt. rekcbika. Ap. rekeb- as in Eng. then, i. e. dh), make content,
ia, -izva Cs. rekeb-isha, -ishwa, satisfy, please, meet the wishes of.
e. g. cause to mount up, pile up in E.g. mzvenyi kttmrithi mwenziwe,
a heap, place in position. Rekebisha one who treats his friend with kind-
mzinga \ngazi), mount a cannon (fix ness (courtesy, consideration). Kama
a ladder). (Ar. Cf. marekebu, akikurithi, bassi, if he pleases yon,
merikebu, and the commoner syn. B. that is enough. Ps. rithiwa. Nt.
panda.) rithika, e. g. be satisfied (contented,
Remba, adorn, decorate, make
v. pleased), acquiesce, approve, consent.
beautiful (showy). Ps. rembwa. Ap. rith-ia, -iwa, e.g. agree with,
Nt. rembeka. Ap. remb-ea, -ewa. consent to, be pleased about, approve,
 EITHI 327 ROSHANI
accept, &c. Cs. rithi-ska, -shwa,
Intens. cause to be content, content,
*Robota,
packet, parcel,
n. —( and Robta,
)

bundle, bale. Ro-

satisfy, please, win approval of, &c. bota ya nguo, a bale of calico. Dim.
Rp. rithiana, and rathiana, be mu- kirobota. (Ar. Cf. mtumba, ba-
tually agreed, come to terms, be of hasha.)
one mind. (Ar. Cf. rat hi, urathi, *Roda, n. sheave— of a pulley.
and syn. pendeza, kubali. Dist. follg.) (Cf. kapi.)
*Rithi, (2) v. (the th pronounced *Roho, n. (1) soul, spirit, life,
as in Eng. thin, also Eisi, see note vital principle, — of man or animals,
below), inherit, get by inheritance, regarded sometimes as wholly im-
be heir. Rithi mali kwa babaye, material, e. g. roho peke yake haina
inherit property from his father. kiwiliwili, the soul in itself has no
Killa atakayenirithi, all my heirs. body (cf. kividi cha roho, the soul's
Ps. rithiwa, e.g. be left as a legacy, shadow or ghost), sometimes as —
be bequeathed, be disposed of by having a substance of some kind, i. e.
will. Ameacha mtumwa hum, asi- nyama ya roho, kitu cha roho. Cf.
uzwe wala asirithiwe, he has the
left killa chenyi roho, every living thing
slave free, so that he cannot be sold (also cf. uzima, uhai). Hence (2)
or disposed of by will. Also see breath, as a sign of life, e. g. kata roho,
theAp. Nt.rithika. Ap.rith-ia. die, expire, kokota roho, draw breath
-iwa, e.g. inherit from (by, for), &c. with difficulty (cf. punntzi) ;and (3)
Cs. rithi-sha, -shwa, cause to inherit, throat, the breath-passage, e. g.
as
instal as heir, do the duty of an chakula kinampalia rohoni, the food
executor to. In Ps. receive an rises up in his throat. Kaba roho,
inheritance, be made heir. (Ar. seize by the throat (cf. koo). (4)
warash, urish. Cf. warithi, mrithi, heart, as a vital organ, e. g. roho
urithi. The word has become as- haipigi tena, his heart no longer beats,
similated to the quite different rithi, but also distinguished, e. g. moyo
make content (which compare). Cf. haupigi, roho imemtoka, the heart
syn. acha, bequeath, achiwa, inherit.) does not beat, his spirit is gone.
Kiza, n. also Liza, door chain, (5) like moyo, character, individuality.
secured by a staple (tumbuti) and Roho yake njema, he is good, well-
padlock outside the door. principled, trustworthy. Killa mtu
—
*Riziki, n. ( ), necessaries of ana roho yake, every man has his in-
life, means of subsistence, food, main- dividuality (cf. na/si, labia). (6)
tenance. (Ar. Cf. ruzuku, and syn. greediness, gluttony, avarice, covet-
nafuu, mafaa, chaktda, 7tiaponea.) ousness. Una roho, you are greedy.
—
*Kobo, n. ( ), (1) a fourth part, Ktila kwa roho, greedy eating.
Fanya roho, be greedy, covetous (cf.
a quarter (2) a quarter dollar, i. e.
;

commonly a half rupee, worth 7-8
pence (3) any silver coin of similar
;
appearance, e. g. an English shilling.
—
Robo pesa, one pie, of which there
are three to the pice, twelve to the
anna. This coin is little used in Z.
Kassa robo, lit. less a quarter, i.e.
three-quarters. Saa tano kassa robo,
five less a quarter, i. e. a quarter to
ptipa, tamaa). (7) sometimes for a
spiritual being, spirit, with plur. ma-
roho (cf. pepo, zimwe, mzinni). -a
roho, of the soul, spiritual, heartfelt,
&c. Also -a kii-oho, spiritual,
immaterial, abstract. (Ar. Obs.
the various words compared above.)
*Rojo-rojo, n. and a., of a thick,
tenacious, sticky fluid, or substance. '

eleven (English time). (Ar. Cf. (?Ar.) _ _

other coins, nipia, pesa, reale, and *Roshani, n. balcony, projecting

themunu) window. (Ar. window, cf. dirisha.)
 — ;

BTJBA 328 BUM

Buba, n. a leech. See Mruba. visions. (Ar., not common, cf.
*Bubani, n. ( — , or ma-), pilot, masarifu, riziki.)
steersman, guide. *Bufuku, n. also Bufaka, pro-
(Ar. Cf. kio-
ngozi, mshiki, msukani.) hibition, refusal. Piga rufuku,
*Budi, v. (i) turn (come, go) announce (issue) a prohibition, pro-
back, return, revert, —
sometimes with hibit, forbid. (Ar. Cf.- marii-
Infin. of that from which the return is, fuku.) v. —
prohibit, forbid, for —
e. g. amerudi kutembea, he has come the common kat'aza. Ps. rufukiwa.
back from a walk. Maskini ame- Ap. rufuk-ia, -iwa. Cs. rufuk-isha,
rudi kuomba, the poor man has re- -ishwa, cause to forbid, forbid strin-
turned from begging. (2) give back, gently. (Ar. Cf. kataza.)
send back, reverse, return, repay, *Buh.usa, n. ( ), also Buksa,
reply to, contradict, e. g. akawarudi leave, permission, liberty (to act).
—
salaam, and he returned their greet- Toa r., pa r., give leave. Twaa
ing. Muungu akurudi mema yako, (pokea, pewd) r., receive leave.
may God requite you your goodness. Omba r., taka r., ask leave. Ruhiisa
Mimi siwezi kurndi liliokwisha, I ya serkali, official warrant. (Ar.
cannot reverse what is done. Rudi Cf. follg., and syn. ithini, nafasi.)
neno, contradict, deny, refuse. (3) *Buhusu, v. give leave (to), per-
reprove, correct, reform, punish, e. g. mit, allow. Ps. ruhusiwa. Nt.
rudimakosa, correct mistakes (faults). ruhusika. Ap. rtihus-ia, -iwa.
Rudi ?ntoto, punish a child. Ps. Cs. rukus-iska, -is/iwa, e. g. give
rudiwa, e. g. be reversed, be returned, leave, get leave. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
be punished, hataki kumdiwa neno *Bujumu, v. stone, kill by ston-
lake, he will not have his words con- ing. Ps. rujamiwa. (Ar., for
tradicted. Alirudiwa kiva neno la common B. piga ??iawe.)
heri, he was reformed by a word Buka, v. (1) jump, leap, hop,
in season. Nt. rudika, e.g. neno spring, bound, fly, fly up, fly away,
lake halinidiki, his orders cannot be pass through the air (2) pass over,
;

disobeyed. Mtoto harudiki, the pass beyond, overstep, transgress

child is not amenable to discipline. (3) omit, leave out, fail to notice.
Ap. rud~ia, -iwa, e. g. return to Ruka mpaka, pass a boundary, break
(from, by, &c), punish for (with, at, bounds. Used of any object moving
&c). Cs. rudi-sha, -shwa, give in the air. Ps. rukzva, e. g. ?'u£wa
back, send back, repay, &c. Hence na akili, lose one's senses, corre- —
rtidi-shia, -shiwa, and rudishana. sponding to the act. form akili zina-
Rp. ntdiana, e.g. return to each mmka, his senses are leaving him.
other, return all together (by com- Ap. ruk-ia, -iwa, e. g. leap on, fly at,
mon consent). (Ar. Cf. marndi, assail, attack, e. g. chui alimrukia
marudio, and syn. rejea, and punish, kitku, a leopard pounced on the fowl.
athibu, ongoza, tisha.) Rp. rukiana. Cs. rusha, rushwa,
*Budufu, a. double, twofold, e. g. of a horse throwing its rider,
usu. in form marudufu (^which see). flying a kite, letting off rockets,
(Ar. Cf. follg.) splashing up water, making dust fly,
*Budufya, v. make double, &c, driving away birds, &c, throw-
double, redouble. (Ar. Cf. prec.) ing a ball. (Cf. follg.)
*Bufaa, n. cargo, provisions for a Buko, n. {ma-), and Mruko, leap-
voyage. Wakapakia rufaa, killa ing, a leap, over-stepping, trespass,
kitu cha duniani na aina vyakula, omission. (Cf. prec.)
they put stores on board, everything *Bum, n. Constantinople. Sul-
in the world, and all kinds of pro- tani Rum, the Sultan of Turkey.
 KUNGU 329 SAA
Bahari Rum, the Mediterranean Sea. Thay, i. e. the th in Eng. ' thin ' (2.) ;

(Ar.) a Swahili does not always clearly dis-

Eungu, n. {ma-), also Lungu, tinguish s, sh, and z, even when a
club, mace, war-club, knob-kerry. difference of meaning in a word is in-
(Cf. for sticks, bakora,Ji?)ibo.) volved, e. g. sindano, needle, and
*Rupia, ), n. ( —
an Indian (i) shindano, struggle, shavu and chafu,
rupee, now worth about one shilling shamco and chamw. Hence some-
and fourpence. No gold coins are what different pronunciations of the
commonly current in Z., and all cash same word are heard, and words
transactions are in rupees and pice. not found under S may be looked for
(Hind. Cf. reale, pesa, robo.) (2) under Sh, Th, and Z. Obs. esp. shi-
a skin disease. ?idika, sindika, zindika, and cognate
*Rusasi, n. also Lisasi, Bisasi, words. Moreover when s is closely
lead, — the metal. (Ar.) connected with a following con-
*Rushwa, n.
Toa rushwa,
( — ), a bribe, com- sonant, there is a tendency to inter-
pose a vowel sound to give it a sepa-
mission. offer a bribe.
Penyeza give a bribe.
r., Kit 'a r., rate syllabic force, e.g. situka for
to take a bribe. (Ar. Cf. kijiri, stuka, sitiri for stiri, simillah for
mlunguia.) ismillah, &c.
*Rutuba, n. damp, moisture, Saa, v. remain over, be left over,
dampness. (Ar. Cf. maji, mnyefu, e. g. haiktcsaa tende hatta moja, not a
chepe-chepe.) single date remained. But the Ap.
*Rutubika, v. (1) be damp, wet, form is commonly used in this sense,
moist ;
be refreshed, relieved,
(2) fig. i.e. both in the simple and
salia,
cooled. Roho yao wagonjwa hu- —
applied meaning, remain over (for,
rutubika kidogo, the spirits of the to, by, in, &c). Cs. saza, sazwa,
invalids were refreshed a little. Cs. leave over, cause to remain over,
rutitbisha, make damp. (Ar. Cf. leave unsaid or undone, omit, e. g.
Iowa, and bw~udika.) sitasaza kumwcleza, I will not fail to
Ruzuku, v. supply with neces- inform him. Hence Ap. sazia, saz-
saries of life, provide for, maintain, iwa, Cs. saz-isha, -ishwa. (Cf.
support, —
used commonly of God's salio, sazo, and baki.)
providential care for His creatures, *Saa,
an hour, a twelfth n. (1)
i.e. bless, preserve. E.g. mtti akimpa part of the day or night (2) time, ;

maskini kichache, Muiingu httmru- period of time (3) a timepiece, ;

zitku kingi, if a man gives a little towatch, clock. Saa ya mkono, a

the poor, God gives him abundance. watch. The day in Z. begins at sun-
Hutaki kumruzuku mtumwa wako, set, which is called saa thenashara
you will not give your slave daily jioni, i.e. twelve o'clock in the evening,
subsistence. Ps. ruzukizva. Ap. about 6 p.m. all the year round, and
ruzuk-ia, -iwa. Cs. ruziik-isha, from it the hours are reckoned on,
•ishwa. (Ar. Cf. riziki.) one, two, three, &c. till 6 a.m., which
is called saa thenashara assubuhi.

S.
The time is asked by Saa ngapi?
How many hours*^ i. e. since sunset or
S represents the same sound as sunrise, or Saagani? What hour is it ?
in English, and may always be so and the reply is saa i7ioja, saa kwa-
pronounced. But it must be remem- nza (or saa ya kwanza), one o'clock,
bered that (1) in words of Arabic i. e. seven in English time, saa mbili,

origin, s is used for both Sin and Sad, saapili {saa yapili), two o'clock, i. e.
and is often written for the sound of eight, saa tatu {saa ya tatu), three
 —
SAA 330 SAFAKI
o'clock, and so on. Ntissu saa, half Way. (Arab, for common iangu-
an hour. Robo saa, quarter of an takadamu.)
lia, cf.
hour. Saa u robo, an hour and a *Sabuini, n. and a., seventy. See
quarter. Saa mbili kassa robo, an Sabaini. (Ar.)
hour and three-quarters, lit. 2 hours *Sabuni, n. soap. (Ar.)
less a quarter. A particular time of *Saburi, n. patience, patient wait-
day is often roughly fixed by indicat- ing, resignation. Saburi yavuta
ing the position of the sun, and the heri, patience brings luck. S, ni
expression jua hivi, the sun thus. ufunguo wa faraja, patience is the
(Ar. Cf. dakika, mchana, siku, key of comfort. v. be patient, —
usiku. Dist. saa (ma-) for salio, also subiri (which see). (Ar. Cf.
(which see).) uvumilivu ustahimili. ) ,

Saa, int. of wonder, impatience, *Sadaka, n. a religious offering,

or simple acknowledgement of a call. sacrifice, alms, act of charity, any-
Set?ia saa I Speak, will you Ebu ! thing done from a religious motive.
saa, in remonstrance, don't do that. (Ar. Cf. sadiki, and kafara, thabihu,
Unaumiza saa, you hurt, I say. zaka.)
*Saanda, n. See Sanda. *Sadiki, v. believe, give credence
*Saba, n. and a., also commonly to, accept as true (truthful). Ps.
Sabaa, seven. -a saba, seventh. sadikiwa. Nt. sadikika. Ap.
Sometimes used for puna, a week, sadik-ia, -iwa. Cs. sadiki- ska,
e. g. sabaa ngine, next week. Sabaa -shwa, (1) convince,
e.g. win cre-
tatu, three weeks. (Ar. Cf. sa- dence, justify, make out to be true ;

batashara, sabatm.) (2) intens. believe firmly, trust im-

*Sababu, n. and conj., reason, plicitly. — n. and a., truth, true,
cause, motive. Toa sababu, give a —but usually kweli, hakika, amini.
reason, assign a cause. Hampati (Ar. Cf. sadaka, and follg., also syn.
kwa sababu hana sababu, he does not amini.)
get him because he has no motive to. *-sadikifu, a. (1) prone to believe,
Kwa sababu, and simply sababu, credulous (2) credible, trustworthy,
;

because. Sababu gani? Why? For true. (Ar. Cf. prec.)

what reason? Kwa sababu ya, by *Safari, n. (1) a journey, voyage,
reason of, on account of, for the sake expedition (2) for msafara, a cara-
;

of, in consequence of. Sababu nini van, company of persons travelling

amekuja? What is the reason he together, an equipped party or ex-
has come ? (Ar. Cf. ajili, maana, pedition. (Such a party in E. Africa
kwa ajili, &c.) commonly includes (a) wapagazi, .

*Sabaini, n. and a., also Sabuini, porters, —

carrying goods and pro-
seventy. -a sabaini, seventieth. visions (b) asikari, an armed escort,
;

(Ar. Cf. saba.) as police (c) wanya-

acting also ;

*Sabalkheri, Subulkheri, mpara (or wasimamizi), headmen, in

also
the common Arab morning saluta- charge of different detachments; (d)
tion, Good morning. (Ar. Cf. kiongozi, a leader, or guide, besides —
assubuhi, heri, and 7?iasalkheri. the owner providing for the whole,
The common Hindoo salute is sa- tajiri.) (3) for marra, time, turn,
laam, and the common Swahili instance. hii nakuachilia, this
S.
jambo.) time I let S. ngine, another
you off.
*Sabatashara, n. and seven-
a., time. S. ya pili, next time. Funga
teen, -a sabatashara, seventeenth. s., get ready, make a start. Safari I
(Ar. Cf. saba, ashara.) Time to start ! Off you go Right
!

*Sabiki, v. go before, lead the away ! (Ar. Cf. safiri, msafara?)

 ,

SAFI 331 SAILI

Safi, a. and Swafi, (i) clean, pure, on the lower (mama). Saga meno,
clear, bright, lucid. Maji (nguo, grind the teeth. Ps. sagwa. Nt.
nyumba) safi, clean water (clothes, sagika. Ap. sag-ia, -iwa, -ika.
house). Cf. -etipe, -takatifu. (2) (Cf. ponda, seta, funda.)

——
honest, sincere, disinterested. Moyo Sagai, n. ( ), javelin, short stab-
wake swafi, his character is good. bing spear, of the Zulus and kindred
Maneno swafi, clear statements, tribes. (Cf. mkuke,fu?no.)
straightforward account. —
v. make * Sahara, n. (— ), dish, plate,
clean. Ps. safiiva. Nt. safika. But saucer. Dim. kisahani. (Ar. Cf.
usu. in the Cs. safi-sha, -shwa, clean, for various dishes, &c, chombo,
purify, clear up, set to rights. Ap. chungu, &c.)
saf-ia, -iwa, e.g. amemsafia c/iuo, he *Sahau, v. forget, fail to remember
has corrected the book for him. or call to mind, make
a silly mistake.
Also safilia, -iliwa, e. g. msasa wa Ps. sahauliwa. Nt. sahaulika.
kusafilia uta, sandpaper for smooth- Ap. sahaul-ia, -iwa. Cs. sahauisha,
ing the bow. (Ar. Cf. follg. and sahau-lisha, -lishwa. (Ar. Cf.
usafi, masafi.) follg., and syn. pitiwa.)
*Safidi, up, put in
v. clean, clear *-sahaulifu, a. (1) forgetful, in- 4
order, set to rights, arrange neatly, attentive, absent-minded ; (2) for-
e.g. of house, effects, or person. gotten. (Cf. prec.)
Ps. safidiwa, Nt. safidika, e. g.
maneno yamesafidika, the statement
*Sahibu,
acquaintance;
n.
master,
( —
lord.
), (1) friend,
(2)
is clear, straightforward. Ap. Walikuwa sahibu sana, they were
safid-ia, -iwa. Cs. safidi-sha, -shwa, great friends. Also masahibu, friend-
and intens. (Ar. Cf. prec. and ship. Nalikawa na masahibu yake,
takasa, tengeneza, fanyiza.) I was on familiar terms with him.

Noah's ark.
—
*Safina, n. ( ), a ship, a vessel,
(Ar. for common
(Ar. Cf. rafiki, mwenzi.)
*Sahihi, a. correct, right, free from
jahazi, chombo?) mistakes, valid, genuine, true. Mtu
*Safiri, v. travel, engage in a sahihi, a man of unblemished char-
journey or expedition, sail, start. acter. Fanya sahihi, correct, revise,
Ap. safir-ia, -iwa, -ika, i. e. travel for rectify. — n. attestation, guarantee,
(in, by, with, &c). Cs. safiri-sha, signature. Tia sahihi, sign, attest.
-shwa, send off, dispatch, see start, — adv. rightly, truly. —
v. correct
give farewell greeting to, &c. (Ar. put right, — but usu. in the Cs. form
Cf. safari, msafara, msafiri.) sahihi-sha, -shwa, (1) correct, put
*Safu,
rank, series.
n. ( —Panga
,and ma-), row,
(weka)
line, right; (2) pass as right or valid,
Ps. sahihiwa. (Ar.
safu or attest, sign.
kwa safu, set in rows. Miti safu Cf. usahihi.)
safu, an avenue of trees. Safu za *Saidi, n. lord, master. See
kaida, regular rows. (Ar. Cf. Sayidi. (Ar.)
msafa, and mstari.) *Saidia, v. aid, help, assist,
*Safura, n. bile, biliousness, but support, countenance, abet. Ps.
also of disease causing a swollen or saidiwa. Nt. saidika. Rp. saidi-
dropsical condition. (Ar.) ana. (Ar. ^Cf. msaada, and syn.
Saga, v. (1) grind, pulverize, tri- auni.)
turate, crush to bits; (2) fig. grind *Saili, v.ask, inquire (of), question.
down, oppress. Esp. of grinding Ps. sailiwa. Ap. sail-ia, -iwa, e. g.
grain with small native mill-stones, ask about (for, in), &c. Cs. saili-
mawe ya kusagia, the upper called sha, -shwa. (Ar. Cf. swali, and
mwana, worked by a handle (msuso) syn. uliza, hoji. Dist. salt, sala.)
 SAISI 332 SALI
*Saisi, n. ( — ), groom, coachman. peace, — usually accompanied by a
(Ar.) gesture, viz. placing the hand on the
Saka, v. hunt, — of wild animals, heart. (Ar. Cf. salamu, salimu,
birds, &c. (Cf. msakaji, msako, salama, and syn. jambo.)
and syn. winda.) —
Salala, n. ( ), meat from near
*Sakafu, n. ( — ona
or roof,
), floor, the backbone, the chine.
of concrete, laid poles in the
upper stories, and rammed hard.
*Salamu, n.
and Salaam,
( — ), also
safety,
Salama,
security,
(1)
Also of roofing generally, e. g. sakafu peace, salvation, sound health ; (2)
ya chtima, a roof of galvanized iron. greeting, good wishes, compliments.
(Ar. Cf. sakifn.) Toa s., -pa s., greet. Pana s., ex-
*Sakama, v. (i) stick fast, be change greetings. Pokea s., receive
caught (held, jammed) (2) fig. be in ;
greetings. Leta (peleka, chukud) s. y
a difficulty (perplexity, &c). (Ar. convey greetings. Salaam ya ?nkono,
Cf. saki, and syn. kwama.) shaking hands, offer of help. Umsa-
*Saki, v. (1) press close, fit tight li?nu ndugu yako salamu zangu, give
(to); (2) affect deeply, come home your brother my greetings. Kwa
(to), touch the feelings (of). E. g. salamu na amani, in safety and peace.
'of clothes, the stopper of a bottle. Mizinga ya salaam, a salute with
Njaa inasaki, hunger presses. Ps. cannon. Salamu salimini, safe and
sakiwa. Cs. saki-ska, -s/iwa, cause well, quite safe. common open- A
to press, make fit closely. (Ar. ing of a letter is kzva fullani salamu
Cf. sakama.) sana (or, salamu nyingi). baada Na
*Sakifu, v. make a floor or roof ya salamu, &c, i. e. to so and so all
of concrete, provide with floor or good wishes. And after good wishes,
roof, put a roof on. Nyutnba ime- &c. —
a. safe, secure, sound, flour-
sakijiwa na mbau jun, the house was ishing, well. (Ar. Cf. salitnu,
floored with planks in the upper and syn. uzima, amani, wokovu.)
stories.
ia, -iwa.
Ps. sakifiwa. Ap. sakif- *Salata, n. ( ), harshness, Un-
Cs. sakif-isha, -ishtva. feeling conduct, sarcasm. (Ar.
—
(Ar. Cf. sakafti, dari, ezeka.) Cf. saliti, msalala.)
—
*Sala, n. ( ), prayer, i. e. to God,
Mahommedan forms
*Sali, v. pray (to God), i.e. use
prescribed forms of Mahommedan
according to the
and ideas, public worship, divine worship, public or private, offer —
service, devotions, whether performed prayer (divine service, worship).
with others or alone. The five pre- (Cf. sala, and dist. omba, in which
scribed hours of prayer are (1) the idea of earnest request, begging,
alfajiri, an hour or two before sun- is the chief one.) Sali dua, offer
rise ; (2) aththuuri, noon ; (3) a special request to, make a petition
alasiri, afternoon; (4) magaribi, sun- to, God. Ap. sal-ia, -iwa, pray
set ; (5) is ha or esha, an hour or two for, intercede for, &c, e.g. mtu ali-
after sunset. (Ar. Cf. salt, msala, yekufa husalizva, prayers are said
and syn. dua, maombi. Dist. saili, over a dead person. Msala ni
swali.) mkeka wa kusalia, a msala is a
—
*Salaam, n. -( ), also Salamu, praying-mat. Cs. sali-sha, -shwa,
greeting, good wishes, compliments. e. g. teach forms of prayer to, lead
Salaam is a common Arab greeting, the prayers, —
in a mosque, as is done
also used by Hindoos, in full Salaam— by the mwalimu. Also intens. engage
alek (plur. alekum), peace (safety) be in worship. (Ar. Dist. saili, sali,
—
with you, the reply being wa alek petition, question, and salia as Ap.
(alekum) issalaam, and with you of saa, v. be left over.)
 —
SALIA 333 SAMLI
Salia, v. Ap. of (i) sali, v. ; (2) (Cf. kwama, and
dist. kaba, choke
saa, v. by outside pressure, throttle.)
^Salihi, a. good, sound, fitting, use- *Samadari, n. ( ), a bedstead of —
ful, proper, in good condition. Altu foreign, non- African, make, iron or
salihi, a man of good (honour- wood. Commonly of Indian beds.
able, unblemished) character. Some- (? Hind. Cf. kitanda, ulili.)
times as a v. See Selehi.
suluhisha,
(Ar. *Samadi, n. ( ), manure, cow-
and syn. dung, dung and ashes mixed.
—
Cf. selehi, (Ar.
sahihi.) Cf. mboleo.)
*Salimini, adv. in safety, safely,
used in conjunction with salamu, e.g.
*Samaki, n. ( —
), a fish (of any
kind), fish (in general). Kr. gives
waraka wako timenijikia salamu sixty-three names of different kinds,
salimini, your letter reached me quite Sacl. twice as many, and cf. Playfair's
safely. (Ar. Cf. follg.) Fishes of Zanzibar. For some of
*Salimu, v. (1) express good the commonest cf. papa, nguru,
wishes to, salute, greet, accost, con- pweza, taa, changzc, dagaa. Kambari
gratulate (2) hand over safely, de- is the commonest fresh-water fish.
;

liver, rescue (3) give up, surrender, S. mbichi, fresh fish.

; S. mkavu,
yield, resfgn, e.g. wall anakusalimu, dried fish. S. ya ng'onda, cured (sun-
the governor sends his compliments dried) fish. S. ya chumvi, salted
to you. Nimemsalimu wall fetha fish. Vtta samaki, fish, catch fish.
yake, I have paid the governor his Tungas., tie (hangup) fish in a row.
money. Salimu roho, give up Bana s., fasten fish in a cleft stick, to —
the ghost, die. Ps. salimhua. bake by a fire. Cf. samaki akioza
Nt. salimika, e. g. salimika ajali, nimhcngo pia, if one fish is bad, the
meet one's fate, come to the appointed whole lot (string) is too. (Ar.)
end, die. Also, be delivered, rescued, —
*Samani, n. ( ), implement, tool,
be paid off, &c. Ap. salim-ia, utensil, piece of furniture, movable
-iwa,e.g. unisalimie baba yako, give chattel. Samani ya chombo, gear of
my kind regards to your father. a ship. (Hind, for the common
Rp. salimiana. Cs. salim-isha, chombo. Dist. zamani, thamani.)
-ishwa, e. g. (1) cause to be safe, save, *Samawati, n. ( ), the heavens,
rescue (2) give up, hand over, pay, the sky, sky-colour, azure. Also
—
;

i.e. intens. A tasalimisha roho yangu,

T
rangiya samawati (or samawi), sky-
Mali hizi umsalimishe
I shall die. blue, blue. (Ar.)
ndugu yangu mkononi, pay this Sambamba, adv. alongside,
money into my brother's hand. abreast, side by side, shoulder to
Salimisha kzua hila, betray. (Ar. shoulder, in line. (Cf. sanj'ari.)
Cf. salamu, silimu, and syn. toa, lipa,
kabithi, ponya.)
*Sambusa,
of cake, bun.
n. ( — ), a small kind

*Salio, n. usu. in plur. masalio, *Samehe,v. pardon, forgive, remit,

remainder, residue, remains. Mas.ya pass over, of offences, debts, &c.
e. g.
mirathiyake, residuary estate. (Ar. Nimekusa?7iehe kosa, I have forgiven
Cf. saa, v. and syn. baki, sazo.) your mistake. Ps. samehewa. Nt.
*Saliti, v. be harsh (domineering, sameheka. ^Ap. sameh-ea, -ewa.
sarcastic), bring a charge (against), Cs. sameh-esha, -eshwa. Rp. same-
attack, esp. with the tongue. (Ar. heana. —
a. forgiving, merciful.
Cf. s a lata,
msalata.) (Ar. Cf. usamehe, msamaha, masa-
*Saluda, n. a sweetmeat, made of maha, and syn. achilia, ghofiri.)
saffron, sugar, and starch (Str.). *Samli, n. ghee, native butter.
Sama, v. stick in the throat, choke. (Cf. Ar. samn.)
 — ;

SANA 334 SAWA

Sana, adv. very, much, in a high —
*Sarafu, n. ( ), also Sarf, Sa-
degree, —
used as an intensive of any rufu, Sarifu, (i) small coin, small
kind of action or quality, and trans- change; (2) more generally, —ex-
latable accordingly, e.g. kubwa s., change, rate of exchange, e.g. sarafu
very great. Piga s., flog soundly. ganiya mji leo ? What is the exchange
Sema s., speak loud. Vuta s., pull in town to-day? (3) a small metal
hard. Kimbia s., run fast. Kaa s., plate or plates worn on the forehead,
remain a long time. And so on. or neck. (Ar. Cf. serifu.)
Often with descriptive nouns, e. g. *Sarifu, v. arrange, set in order,
mtu mganga sana, a great doctor — and esp. of language, use words well
fundi sana, a good workman. Some- (grammatically, in good style), i.e.
times doubled for emphasis sana- sarifu maneno kwa ztzuri. (Ar.
sana, or combined with mno, ajabu, Cf. sarufi. Dist. serifu.)
&c. Also in rejoinder, signifying —
*Saruji, n. ( ), and Seruji, (1)
appreciation, approval, just so, cer-— cement, chalk and sand mixed, Port-
tainly, I understand, quite right. —
land cement, also called udongo wa
(?Ar.) Ulaya ;(2) saddle, for a horse. (Ar.)
*Sanaa, n. art, work of art, handi- Sasa, adv. now, at this time, at
craft. (Ar.) present, in these days. Sasa hivi,
*Sanamaki,
drug.
n. — senna, — the
( ), directly, immediately, at once,
sasa, -a kisasa, of the present day,
-a

*Sanamu, n. ( — and sometimes

, fashionable, modern.
Sasamlanda, n. borage.
ma-), image, idol, likeness, statue,
picture, representation, figure. Ibada —
*Sataranji, n. ( ), chess. (Ar.)
ya sanamu, idolatry. Piga sanamu, *Satini, n. grey long-cloth. Va-
draw a picture, make a likeness. rieties are s. ya Mombee, s. ya Ulaya.
Sanamuya rangi, a painting. ( Ar. (Cf. nguo.)
Cf. taswira, mfano.) Satta, n. (ma-), lees of cocoanut
*Sanda, shroud, winding sheet,
n. oil, i.e. satta la mafuta ya nazi.
burial cloth, — commonly of
thin white (Cf. shapo, sira.)
calico, i.e. bafta ya kuzikia mtu. *Sauti, n. (1) voice, sound, noise,
(Ar. Cf. mazishi.) — mostly of animals, birds, or instru-
—
*Sandali, n. ( ), sandal wood, ments, not merely of sound. Toa s.,
Paaza s., raise the voice,
from the tree msandali. utter a cry.
—
*Sandarusi, n. ( ), gum copal,
fossil exudation of the tree msanda-
speak loud.
a loud voice.
Kwa
sauti kubwa, with
(Ar. Cf. syn. B.
rusi. mlio, which includes all kinds of
—
*Sanduku, n. ( , and of size
ma-), chest, box, trunk, case. (Ar.
sounds, and uvumi, shindo, tikelele,
of loud sounds.)
Cf. kasha.) *Sawa, a. (1) like, alike, equal,
*Sanjari, adv. also Shanjari, the same (2) equal, fair, equitable,
;

Shangari, Chinjari, in Indian file, just, right; (3) level, smooth, even,
in column, following each other, e.g. flat, straight. Sawa na, saw a kama,
of ships in company, a convoy and equal to, like, just as. Inchi sawa,
consort, e. g. tukafuata sanjari, ma- flat country, a plain. Fanya sawa,
shua zote mbili, and we followed in e.g. make equal (cf. saxvazisha), act
company, with both boats. (? Ar. fairly. — n. like usawa, likeness,
Cf. vinjari.) v.— follow in line, equality, flatness, &c. Sawa kwa
escort, accompany, —
of ships. sawa mimi nawe, we share equally,
*Sansuri, n. a kind of sword, have half each. —
adv. equally,
also a sword-fish. (Cf. upanga.) just the same, —
also saw asawa. (Ar.
 SAWANISHA 335 SEEAKALI
Cf. follg., and syn. -mo/a, yule yule, parture of a ship. (Cf. Eng. Sail
vile vile, &c.) ho !)
*Sawanisha, Sawazisha, v. cause Sema, v. say, talk, converse, speak.
to be like, equal, even, &c, equalize, Sema sana, speak loud. Sema na,
compare. sawanishwa.
Ps. (Ar. talk
to, converse with. But sema
Cf. linganisha, pambanisha, fana- with an objective pers.-pfx. means
nisha.) speak against, abuse (cf. amba, and
'
'

—
*Sayidi, n. ( , and ma-), also ambia), e.g. watti watamsema sana,
Saidi, Seyidi, lord, master, esp. as people will abuse him soundly. Ji-
a title, and in Z. a title of the Sultan. sema (and jisemea), pretend, profess,
But also in respectful address, Sayidi —
to be what one is not. Ps. semwa.
—
wangu (yangu), Sir, like bwana. Nt. semeka, e. g. be said, admit of
(Ar.) being uttered, pronounced, &c. Ap.
*Saza, v. Cs. of Saa, v. (which sem-ea, -ewa, e.g. speak to, address,
see\ (Ar.) say to (contr. ambia, which intro-
*Sazo,n.(;wtf-), remainder, balance, duces the words used). Semeapuani,
superfluity. Sazo la matumizi, credit speak with a nasal twang. Hence se-
balance, excess of receipts o,er ex- meana. Cs. sem-esha, -eshwa, -eza,
penditure. (Ar. Cf. prec.) -ezwa, and hence semezana, hold
——
*Sebule, n. ( ), indoor reception- a conversation together, wrangle.
room, front room, usually next the Rp. semana, abuse each other.
entrance, but sometimes on first floor, *Semaa wa taa, an Arabic phrase
e. g. akapanda darini katika sebule sometimes heard, hear and obey, to —
yake, he went upstairs to his parlour. hear is to obey. (Cf. Hi, taa.)
(?Ar. Cf. baraza, which is usually Sembuse, adv. much more, much
outside.) less, not to speak of. (Also heard as
*Seh.emu,
piece, share.
n. (
—(Ar.
), part, portion,
Cf. syn. B.
seuze. a form oiusiuze, i. e. usizilizie,
?

do not ask about. Cf. licha.)

fungu.) Seneza, v. and Seza, smooth
Sekeneka, v. be syphilized, be (with an adze), flatten, take off pro-
infected destroyed) by sy-
(ruined, jections, edges, blunt. Ps. senezwa.
philis. Cs. sekene-ska, -shwa, in- Nt. senezeka. (Cf. sezo. Cs. of
fect with svphilis,
'
ruin by disease. senea, become smooth, blunt, &c,
(Cf. follg.) not common in Z.)
Sekeneko, n. syphilis. Seng'enge, n. {ma-),
brass or
*Selaha, n. — and
( ), Silaha, a copper wire, — made rings or into
weapon, arms (warlike, offensive). spiral twists, as bracelets and anklets.
Twaa (shika) take up arms. (Ar.)
s., Hence of brass wire in general.
*Selehi, v. also Suluhi, Salihi, (Cf. masango.)
put in good condition, improve, make Sengenya, v. calumniate, back-
agree (with), conduce to, serve (for), bite, attack by secret or underhand
be of use (to), be fitting for, reconcile, insinuations. Ps. sengenywa. Rp.
be reconciled. Ps. selehiwa. Nt. sengenyana. (Cf. syn. singizia,
selehika. Ap. seleh-ia, -iwa. Rp. amba.)
selehiana. Cs. selehisha, cause to *Senturi, n. and Santuri, musi-
agree, reconcile, make peace between, cal box or simflar music machine.
conciliate. —
n. concord, peace, —
*Serahangi, n. ( ), headman of
reconciliation, agreement. (Ar. a crew, or of part of a crew, mate, —
Cf. mselehishi, salihi, stiluhi, -sulu- boatswain, serang. (Hind.)
hifu,
*Selo,
and syn. patanisha.)
n. signal of arrival or de-
—
*Serakali, n. ( ), and Serikali,
Serkali, official executive, govern-
 )

SERAMALA 336 SHAIRI

ment, court, public authorities. Mtu also piga sh. Fata sh., hit the target,
•wa s., an official. Fetha ya s., make a hit. Used as adv., like, the
public money. (Hind.) same as, e. g. nyama shabaha (or,
*Seramala,
a carpenter. (Hind.)
n. ( —
and Semala, shabaha yd) mbwa, an animal like
),
a dog. (Cf. methali, mfano, katna.)
*Serifu, v. spend money, pay, (Ar. Cf. shabihi.)
incur expense. Ps. seri/iwa. Ap. *Shabbu, n. alum. (Ar.)
serif'ia, -iwa, e. g. ameserifia watu *Shabibi, v. and Shebihi, be like,
wamfuate, he paid people to take be analogous to. (Also as n. for
his side. (Ar. Cf. sarafa, and syn. shabaha.) Rp. shabihiana. (Ar.
gharimia, wakifu, lipa.) for common fanana, lingana^)
*Serkali, n. See Serakali. *Shabuka, n. a snare, a trap.
*Seruji, n. See Saruji, saddle of (Ar. net,' cf. mtego.) '

a horse. (Ar.) —
*Shada, n. ( , and ma-), parcel,
—
Seta, v. (i) crush, squash, mash, bunch, cluster, of things fastened
—
beat up, usually of things relatively together, e. g. of flowers, a nosegay,
soft, e. g. seta viazi kwa mwiko, also a tuft, a tassel, a rosette, a string
mash potatoes with a spoon, but of beads. Dim. kishada. (Ar.)
also of pounding ingredients together *Shaha, n. {ma-), also Shehe,
in a mortar (cf. mseto). (2) jostle, Sbeki, (1) head, headman, chief coun-
press (in a crowd). Ps. setwa. Nt. cillor, —
used sometimes as the title
seteka. Ap. set-ea, -ewa. Rp. oftheofficerrankingnexttoachief, i.e.
set-esha, -eshwa, e.g. huddle together. waziri or prime minister; (2) heart,
(Cf. twanga,ponda, saga, songa.) pith, —
of a cocoanut tree, the crown
*Setiri, v. also Sitiri, and Stiri, from which the leaves and flower
conceal, hide, cover up, atone for. spring (cf. kilele). (Ar. Cf. shehe.)
The deriv. stems commonly follow *Shahada, n. (— ), (1) the Ma-
stiri. Thus Ps. stirhva. Nt. stir- hommedan creed, confession of faith ;

ika. Ap. stir-ia, -iwa. Cs. (2) bond, covenant, deed of ratifica-
stiri- ska, -shwa. (Ar. Cf. stara, tion, e. g. wahaandikiana shahada,
msitiri, and syn. Jicha, ftcnika.) they executed a deed. Cf. kidole cha

adze.
—
Sezo, n. ( ), also Senezo, an sh., the fore-finger. Majiya shahada,
(Cf. seneza, and shoka.) water used ceremonially at a funeral.
-sha (and -za) is the characteristic (Ar. Cf. shahidi, ushuhuda.)
termination of the causal conjugation *Shahamu, n. ( ), fat, lard, —
of verbs. For meanings see -za. grease, i.e. animal fat. (Ar. Cf.
*Shaaban, n. eighth month of the mafiita, also nona, nenepa.)
Mahommedan year, next preceding *Shahawa, n. semen. (Ar. Cf.
Ramathan, and called mwezi wa mani.
mlisho, i. e. carnival month. (Ar. *Shabidi, {ma-), one who at-
n.
Cf. shiba.) tests or guarantees, a witness, an
*Shaba, copper, brass,
n. also — authority, a martyr. (Ar. Cf. sha-
distinguished as shaba nyekundu, hada, tishahidi, shuhudia.)
copper; shaba nyeupe, brass. (?Ar. *Shaibu, used sometimes in the
mixture, — a mixed, alloyed metal.) (Arabic) expression shaibn la juzi,
—
*Shabaha, n. ( ), also Shebaha,
Shabihi, (1) similarity, likeness (cf.
a very old woman.
haired.'
(Ar. grey-
Cf. kizee, kikongwe.
'

Juzi
methali, m/ano); (2) figure, object for Ar. ajuz, old, decrepit woman.)
to shoot at, target, butt (cf. sanamu) ; *Shairi, n. {ma-), a line of poetry,
(3) aim (with a weapon), sight (of a a verse, usu. in plur. verses, poetry,
gun). E. g. twaa sh., take aim, aim ; song, a poem. Funga mashairi,
 —
SHAKA 337 SHAEI
compose verstes. (Ar. Cf. mshairi, and stare, be dumbfoundered (with
also utenzi, beti. Dist. shayiri, bar- wonder, horror, &c), be dazed.
ley. Cs. shanga-za, -zwa, astonish, strike
*Shaka, (ma-), trouble, doubt,
n. with wonder, terrify, &c. (Cf.
perplexity, difficulty, danger, crisis. mshangao, ajabu, toshewa, fathaika,
Usu. in plur., e.g. -wa na mashaka, pigwa bumbttazi.)
be in doubt so shikwa na (pna, kuta,
; Shangazi, n. (ma-), father's sister,
ingid) mashaka. Tia mashaka, cause paternal aunt. (Cf. mama mdogo.)
trouble, perplex, &c. Mashaka me- Shangilia, v. make rejoicings (for,
ngi, a troublesome business. (Ar. at), shout or sing with joy and
Cf. shuku, and syn. taabu, viatata, triumph, make demonstrations of
shidda, hatari,fathaa, uthia, thiki.) enthusiasm, congratulate. Ps. sha-
*Shalaka, n. small hole in the ngiliwa, e. g. be received with triumph
gunwale of a boat for securing the (rejoicings, congratulations). (Cf.
loop of rope (kishwara) used as a follg. and skangwe, and syn. ambia
rowlock. (Ar. Also (?) a knot or heri, pigia vigelegele, furahia.)
loop secured by a peg.) Shangilio, n. (ma-), rejoicing,
*Shali, n. a shawl. (Ar., triumph, congratulation. (Cf.
whence the Eng. word.) prec.)
*Sham,n. Syria. Keah ya Sham, Shangwe, n. rejoicing, demonstra-
an Austrian silver dollar. Bahari tion of joy (triumph, enthusiasm).
ya Sham, the Red Sea. (Cf. shangilia.)
*Shamari, n. fennel. (Ar.) *Shani, n. a startling (rare, un-
*Shamasi, See Shemasi.
n. looked-for) thing or occurrence, a
Shamba, n. (ma-), (i) a piece of wonder, a novelty, a curiosity, an
ground having an owner, an estate adventure, asudden mishap, accident.
small or large, a plantation, farm, E. g. patwa na s., have an accident,"
garden, a plot of cleared or cultivated meet with an adventure. Nguo ya
land ; (2) country, as opp. to town s., fine, new clothes, latest fashion.
(mji), and in treated
this sense Mambo hayo si shani, that is no
similarly as a proper noun, e.g. wonder, nothing to be surprised at.
enda shamba, go into the country; (Ar. Cf. mwujiza, ajabu, kitisho.)
toka sh., come from the country; *Shanjari, adv. See Sanjari.
shindash., live in the country. Mtu Shanuo, n. See Chanuo.
wa shamba, a rustic, a peasant. Cf. Shapo, n. usu. in plur. mashapo
kimashamba, countrified, boorish, (which see).
of language, manners, &c. *Sharabeti, n. sherbet. (Ar.)
Shambulia, v. attack, make an in- *Sharabu, n. (ma-), also Sha-
road (incursion, invasion, war) upon, warabu,Sh.erabu, moustache. (Ar.)
rush violently on. Ps. shambuliwa. *Sharafa, n. sharafa la ndevu,
(Cf. follg. and syn. pigia (Jetea, toted), ndevu za sharafa, (?) long flowing
vita (j'euri).) whiskers and beard. (Ar. Cf.
Shambulio, n. (ma-) also TJsha- -sharifu.)
mbulio, sudden attack, *Shari, n. evil, malice, ill luck,
rush, incur-
sion. (Cf. prec.) adve^ity. Opp. to heri.
disaster,
*Shamili, n. (7?ia-), an ear-orna- Mtu wa shari, an evilly disposed,
ment. (Ar.) malicious, dangerous person. Jahazi
*Shamua, v. sneeze, sniff. (? Ar. ya s., an unlucky vessel. Hawana
smell, sniff. Cf. chafya, enda cha- shari na wageni, they do not molest
fya.) strangers. Taka s., defy, challenge.
Shangaa, v. be astonished, stand jYimekzija kukutaka shari, I have
 ;

SHARIA 338 SHAUKO

come to bid you defiance. Mtaka cause (invite, allow, help) to share
shari simwepi, I do not refuse a in, give a share to, &c. Rp.
challenge. Mambo ya s., adversity. sharikiana. (Ar. Cf. prec. and
(Ar. Cf. ukorofi,jeuri.) tisharika, msharika, shirika, and for

—
*Sharia, n. ( ), also Sheria sharing generally, gawanya, eneza,
(which see). (Ar.) twaafungu, or sehemn, &c.)
*-sharifu, a. {sharifu with 4 D *Sharti, n. ( —
and ma-), also
,

(P), .D 5 (S), D 6), honourable, Sharuti, Shuruti, (1) necessity,

respectable, noble, excellent. (Ar. obligation (actual, practical, rather
Cf. tisharifu, and syn. azizi, mashu- than moral), absence of choice; (2)
huri, bora.) binding contract, terms, conditions,
*Sharika, n. ( —
and ma-), also
, clause of a legal document (3) ;

Shirika, partnership, action in com- wager, bet. S. kwenda (or, uende),

mon, common interest, communion. you must go, you have to go. Fanya
E. g. ntajitia shirikani, I will go s.,make a bind oneself.
contract,
shares. Mali yetu ni sharika, we Maneno ya s., peremptory, uncon-
are joint owners of our property. trovertible language. Akataka sharti
Also as adv., in common, together, in yake kuondoka, he wanted to go in
partnership. Fatty a kazi sharika, spite of everything, because he had
share a job. Tumia sh., use in com- to. Kwa masharti, under conditions,
mon. (Ar. Cf. follg.) conditionally. Wekana masharti,
*Shariki, v. and Shiriki, (1) shindana (pigana) kwa masharti,
share, have a share in, take part in, engage in betting, lay wagers. (Ar.
be partners (in), be associated (with), Cf. lazimu,farathi,juzu, mkataba.)
act together, do in common, e.g. *Shashi, n. a kind of muslin.
shariki njaa, come in for a share of *Shasira, n. and Shazia, a long
famine; shariki kaiika biashara, form copper or brass needle, used in making
a commercial partnership (company, mats and mattresses. (? Ar. prick of
joint-stock business). (2) be inti- a thorn.)
mately connected with, be devoted *Shati, n. an English shirt or
to, be addicted to, e. g. sh. kazi, be similar short garment. (From the
heart and soul in a work ; sh. ulevi Eng. Cf. koti, sitoki,fullana.)
(uzinzi), be a confirmed drunkard Shatoruma, n. shawl worn as
(profligate) sh. moyo, give the rein
; waistband (Str.). (Cf. mshipi,
to one's desires, be an utter sensualist mahazamu, masombo.)
sh. chuo, be a diligent student ; sh. Shaua, v. excite desire, and esp. de-
sanamu, be an idolater. Also (3) in which is not gratified, and so (1)
sire
a deeper sense, of intimate com- make a display, show off; and (2) de-
munion, self-identification, commu- ceive, disappoint, delude, flatter, often
nion of spirit and nature, with an as Rf.jishaua, e. g.(1) make a useless
object, e. g. shiriki Muunga, lead show, be silly (lackadaisical, frivo-
a wholly devoted, saintly, religious lous, flirty), and (2) be disappointed,
life, —
also, share the divine nature have a No
sense of failure. deriv.
(understood by Mahommedans as a stems commonly used. (Cf. follg.)
wholly blasphemous claim). Sh. -shaufu, a. showy, pretentious,
shetani, be of a diabolic tempera- affected. (Cf. prec. and ushaufu.)
ment, a sinner of the worst kind.
Ps. sharikiwa, be shared, &c. Nt.
—
*Shauko, n. ( ), strong desire
(affection, wish, fondness, liking),
sharikika. Ap. sharikia, e. g. take sexual passion. E. g. kuna shauku
part in, give a share to, associate ya chema an ya kitu kibaya, i. e.
kitu
with. Cs. shariki-sha, -shwa, e. g. shauku is applicable to good and bad
 SHATJEI 339 SHIBA
objects. Nina shauku naye, I am ally a square of black silk,worn over
greatly attached to him. Shauku ya the head by Arab women out of doors.
kuzungumza, passionate fondness for Also called shela mdeusia, i. e. a
amusement. Shauku nyingi huo- black silk veil. Also, a sword-game,
ndoa maarifa, strong desire over-rides fencing (Sacl.). (?Ar. Cf. tctaji,
prudence. (Ar. Cf. ashiki, and dusumali.)
syn. habba, niapenzi, ngoa, tamaa.) *Shelabela, adv. in a lot, with all
*Shauri,n. (
design
—
and//w-), (i)plan,
advice,
,

counsel ; (3) dis-

defects,
inately,
just as
Ar.)
they are, indiscrim-
; (2) (?
cussion, debate. E. g.fanya shauri, *Shemali, n. (1) the left (hand) ;
consider, deliberate, consult, hold a (2) the north (quarter) ; (3) north
council, form a plan. Toa (-pa) s., wind, mist, fog. (Ar. not usual in
offer (give) advice, lay down a plan. Z. Cf. kushoto, kibla, haskazi.)
Uliza s. ask advice. Mwenyi s., mtu
, *Shemasi, n. (wa-), a deacon.
wa mas kauri mengi, a wise, resource- (Ar. Cf. has isi.)
ful, clever man. Hana shauri, he is *Shembea, n. a curved knife.
shiftless, helpless, sheepish. — v. (?Ar., or variant of jambia (which
ask counsel, consult. Ps. skauriwa. see), and kisu, kotama.)
cf.
Cs. shauri-sha, -shwa, e. g. cause to Shemegi, n. (wa-), also Shemeji,
seek advice, get advice for. Rp. a relation by marriage, —
usually of the
shauriana, consult together. (Ar. first degree, i. e. wife's (or husband's)
Cf. mshauri.) brother or sister, brother-in-law,
Shavu, n. (ma-), also Chavu, sister-in-law.
Chafu, (1) cheek, i.e. shavu la uso ;
*Sheraa, n. See Sheria. And for
(2) biceps, muscle of arm, i.e. s. la Sherafa, Sherabeti, see Sharafa,
mkono (3) calf of leg, i. e. s. la
;
Sharabeti. (Ar.)
mguu. Also s. la sa?naki, gill of a —
Sherehe, n. ( ), and TTsherehe,
fish; s. lajogoo, wattles of a cock. (1) show, pomp, display (2) de- ;

*Shawishi, v. and Shaushi, per- monstrations, rejoicings, cheers, tri-

suade, coax, entice, tempt, allure. umph. (Cf. shangwe,kigelegele.)
Ps. shawishiwa.
•iwa.
Ap. shaush-ia,
(?Ar. confuse, perplex, cf.
—
*Sheria, n. ( ), also Sharia,
Sheraa, law, a law, Mahommedan
tashwishi, and syn. vuta.) law, a law court, judicial proceedings.
*Shayiri, n. barley. (Ar.) Sh. ya chuo, written, or statute, law.
*Shazasi, n. sal-ammoniac. (? Ar.) Sh. ya inchi, laws of the land.
*Shazia, n. See Shasira. Peleka sheriani, prosecute. Enda
*Shebaha, Shebihi. See Sha- sheriani, go to law, litigate. (Ar.
baha. Cf. amri, desturi.)
*Shehe, n. also Sheki,
(ma-),
elder, chief, ruler, teacher, an im-
*Sherizi, n. ( ), glue.
serish.)
— (Hind.

portant or powerful person. (Ar. *Shetani, n. (ma-), (1) an evil

Cf. also shaha, and syn. mkubiva, spirit,demon, devil, Satan (2) that ;

mzee,mwalimu, mfalme.) which suggests supernatural power,

*Shehena, n. ( ), cargo, — freight, whether evil, or simply incompre-
load. (Ar. Cf. follg.) hensible, e. gM (a) a clever dodge,
*Sheheni, n. have cargo on board, great skill, conjuring (b) epilepsy,
—
be loaded up, of a ship. Cs. shehe- fits, hysteria. (Ar.
;

Cf. jini, pepo.)

neza, cause cargo to be put on board, *Shetri, n. poop, stern part, of —
load up with freight. Sh. chombo, load a vessel. Opp. to gubeti, omo, prow,
a vessel. (Ar. Cf. prec.) bow, forepart. (Ar. Cf. tezi.)
*Shela, n. large black veil, usu- — *Shiba, v. (1) have enough to eat
z 2
 .

SHIBIRI 340 SHIKAMUU

or drink, have a full meal, be satisfied inashika, famine is prevalent. Vita
with food ; (2) sometimes used fig! of inashika, war is being waged. Shika
being wholly filled with, and so under ras, keep to (i. e. steer for, make for)
the influence of something, e. g. shiba the cape. Shika miguu ya, salute,
Muungu, be wholly given up to pay honour to, submit to, become
worship and religion, be a devotee. the slave of (cf. shikamu). Ps.
Ap. shib-ia, -iwa. Cs. shib-isha, shikwa, e. g. shikwa na homa, have
-ishwa. — n. ( —
), also Shibe, an attack of fever/ S. na deni, be
fullness, satiety, comple-
repletion, pressed with debt. Nimeshikwa kwa
tion, finishing touch. E.g. shibe ya Snltani, I am in difficulties with the
nyama, a. full meal of meat. Njaa Sultan. Nt. shikika, e. g. maji
si bora kuliko shiba, hunger is not hayashikiki, water cannot be grasped
better than a good meal. Shiba in the hand. Ap. shik-ia, -iwa, e.g.
ya 7iguo ni kilemba, a turban is full hold by, hold on to, hold for (at, by,
dress. (Ar. Cf. shaaban.) in), e.g. kamba ya kushikia, a rope
*Sfiibiri, n. a span, from thumb to to hold by. Ktishikiwa fetha, to
little finger of the open hand, about have money held for one, i.e. in the
9 inches, half a cubit {inkouo, thiraa) hands of trustees. Hence shik-ilia,
(Ar.) -iliwa, e. g. hold on to (in some
*Shidda, n. trouble, difficulty, special way), with Cs. shikil-iza,
want, scarceness, rarity, something -izwa, e. g. tack (in sewing), make
hard to get. Patwa na s., -wa na s., hold fast, &c, and a further Rp.
ingia s., get into trouble or distress. shikilizana, e. g. encourage each
Kitu hiki ni shidda kuonekana, this other to hold on, persevere, &c.
article is seldom to be seen. Kwa Cs. shik-iza, -izwa, e. g. cause to hold,
shidda, with difficulty, scarcely, give into the hands of, make hold,
hardly, seldom, unlikely. (Ar. make fast (firm, tight), fasten, prop,
Cf. taabzc, thiki, msiba.) keep in place. Shikiza nyumba, prop
Shika, v. have in the hand, hold, up a house. Shikiza m/ango, secure
hold fast, take hold of, keep hold on, the door. Shikiza mkono, guide
seize, grasp, keep. A common word the hand, e. g. of a young scholar
with a wide range of application, e.g. writing. Hence shikiz-ia, -iwa.
(1) get a hold on, press hard on, be Rp. shikana, e. g. hold each other,
on the mind, put in difficulties ; (2) be friends, grapple, form connexion
keep a hold on, persevere in; (3) with. (Cf. follg. and shikizo, also
hold to, keep to, observe, remember, syn. kamata.)
attend to, obey (4) determine, re-
;
Shikaniana, v. St. Rp. form of
solve, make up the mind to (5) also shika, i. e. be in a state of firmly
;

as aNt., have a hold,prevail,be urgent. holding together, be firm, set, hard,

E. g. s. njia, take to the road, start, e. g. of mortar. Ushikwapo shika-
proceed, keep to (follow) a road S. mana,when youare held tight, hold on
amri, obey an order. S. lako, tight yourself. Cs. shikaman-isha,
Imperat., mind your own business. -ishwa. (Cf. shika, ma-, -mana.)
S. kwenda, resolve to go. S. nya- Shikamuu (also shortened into
maza, persevere in silence. S. mgeni, Shikamu, Shikam, Kamu, and •

welcome (receive, entertain) a guest. even Kam), acommon salutation used

6". bei, hold out for a price, haggle, by a slave, woman, or dependant, to
bargain. Nitakayokuambia, naive a superior, i.e. 'your humble servant.'
shika, what I say to you, mind you In full, nashika miguu yako, I hold
attend to. —
Masika imeshika, the your feet, as a sign of inferiority
rainy season is in full force. Njaa and submission.
 SHIKIO 341 SHINDA
Shikio, {ma-), a thing to hold
n. Maji yashinda kisimani, water is
Ms Juki
by, handle, (in a ship) rudder. left in the well, i.e. there is still

shikio, steersman. Mashikio ya ki- some left. Kushinda jana, used for
kapn, handles of a basket. (Cf. '
day before yesterday,' i. e. continuing
shika, and follg., and syn. msukani. over or past yesterday. Ps. shind-
Sikio, '
ear,' is sometimes pronounced wa, e. nimeshindwa, it was too
g.
shikio.) much me, I could not do it.
for
Shikizo, n. {ma-), fastening, Nt. shindika, e. g. be conquered, &c,
wedge, prop, used for securing — as above, but also more commonly in
something firmly. (Cf. shika, other and apparently different senses,
shikio.) perh. from another root. See Shind-
*Shilamu, stem of a pipe, lead-
n. ika below. Ap. shind-ia, -iwa.
ing from the water-bowl to the mouth- The form shindilia seems also dif-
piece. See Kiko. ferent in meaning. See below and cf.
Shimbika, v. prepare a hook for shindika. Cs. s kind-is ha, -iskzva,
fishing, tie fast the hook and bait to and shind-iza, -izxua, e.g. cause to
the line. conquer, help to excel, cause to re-
Shimbiko, n. (i)a tying fast (as main. Thus shindisha nyumbani,
prec.) ; (2) thread used for securing receive as a visitor, take in as lodger.
the hook to the line. Also apparently with a special in-
Shirrie, n. ( —
), and Sime, a short
straight sword, with a blade broad-
tensive maji ya knshindiza,
force,
a flood, inundation, and a deriv. Nt.
ened out near the pointed end. Also shindizika, of a knife or crowbar
used as a cry for help in danger. getting spoilt for use by work, blunted.
(Cf. tipanga, and kiyowe.) Rp. shindana, e. g. try to overcome
Shimo, n. {ma-), pit, hole, cavity, each other, contend, be rivals, dispute,
hollow, excavation, used very gene- — compete. Shindana sazvasawa, be
rally, of small and large holes, well matched. Hence shind-ania,
mines, quarries, graves, pitfalls, tun- -aniwa, strive about (for, against,
nels, inside of a vessel, &c. Dim. with, &c), e. g. sh.fetha, wager, bet.
kishimo. (Cf. tundu, chimbo,pango, Sk. maneno, oppose, contradict, a
?jivnngu.) statement. Sh. mtungi, compete for
Shina, {ma-), root, stem of a
n. (or, win by a struggle) a water-jar.
tree, — including all parts, from the Also shind-anisha, -anishwa, be
misizi, rootlets, to the tnataivi, matched, set to fight (compete, &c).
branches. (Cf. gogo, of tree cut Also shindaniana, e. g. sh. kima,
down, and bna, stem of some plants.) compete as to price, bid against each
Shinda, v. (1) overcome, conquer, other for something. (Cf. follg.
subdue ; (2) surpass, excel, be first and shindainana, shindo, mshindo,
(best) ,
; (3) win be over, be left, mshindi, mshinde, &c. It seems that
remain (4) pass time, keep on, con-
;
shind-, or si?id-, has two (or three)
tinue, stay for a time (at), stop (in). distinct root meanings, viz. (1) sur-
E. g.s. {adui) vitani, be victorious pass, (2) apply force, (3) continue.
(over enemies) in war. S. kazi (or, See Shindo, Shinda, Shindika,
katika kazi), carry on work, go on Shindilia, &c«)
working. S. na njaa, continue Shinda, {ma-), remainder, resi-
n.
hungry, endure famine. S. shamba, due, e. g. shinda la mttmgi {kinu),
pay a visit in (stay in) the country, what is left in the jar (mortar), a large
at a country residence. Amekwenda remainder being shinda zima {ktm,
shinda, he has gone away for a time la kujaa). Gunia hii ni shinda,
(for the day, for a visit, for a picnic). this sack is partly full. Mtungi
 ;

SHINDAMANA 342 SHOGOA

u shinda ya maji, the jar has some spasm, fit. E.g. alisikia shindo
water in it. linakuja njiani, he heard a noise
Shindamana, v. be firmly pressed approaching in the road. Ukatoka
together, be compact, fixed fast, i.e. shindo mji wote, the whole town was
be in a state of being forced together. out in a moment. Enda kwa ma-
—
Ap. shindaman-ia,-iwa. Cs. shind- shindo, trot, of a horse. (Cf.
amani-sha, -shwa. (Cf. shindika, shinda, mshindo, kishindo, shindika.)
shikamana, fungamana, and -mana.) Shindua, v. and Sindua, take off
-shindani, a. rivalling, competing, pressure, unfasten ; esp. of a door,
opposing, contesting. (Cf. shinda, set ajar, set open. Shindna matieno,
mshindani, ushindani.) give vent to utterance, make an open-
—
Shindano, n. (ma-), struggle, ing statement, and so with akili.
competition, race, trial of strength, Ps. shindnliwa. Nt. shinduka,
&c. (Cf. shinda, and dist. sind- e. g. maji yameshindnka, the tide
ano, needle.) has retreated. Ap. shindu-lia,
Shindika, v. (i) Nt. of Shinda -liwa, e. g. open (a door) for a person.
(which see, and note), (2) also (Cf. shinda, and the words following
—
Sindika, apply force to, but mostly it. Obs. that shindika, shindua seem
with special senses, e.g. shindika identical with zindika, zindua, and
mafuta, extract oil by pressure. their derivatives (which see), mean- —
Sh. mizva, crush sugar-canes. Sh. ing inaugurate, open, &c, and which
mlango, partly close a door, close nevertheless are commonly heard
but not fasten, set ajar, — opp. to with z rather than s initial.)
shindna (sindud) mlango. Ap. Shingo, n. (ma-), (1) neck ; (2)
shindik-ia, -iwa, e. g. kinu cha ku- objects resembling a neck, e.g. an
shindikia, a crushing mill, i. e. oil- isthmus. Also fig. of hard unyielding
mill, sugar-mill. Cs. shindikiza, temper, e. g. mwenyi shingo guma,
e.g. (1) intens. like shindika. (2) a stiff-necked person.
in special sense, attend a departing Shinikizo, n. (ma-), also Sini-
friend or guest to the door, go with kizo, (1) pressing, crushing, pulping
him a little way, see off, give a (2) a machine or mill for such work,
send-off to (cf. safirisha, and laki, i.e. oil-mill, sugar-mill, &c. (Perh.
of going to meet an arriving friend). for shindikizo. Cf. shindika.)
(Cf. follg. and shindua, also shini- Shirika, Shiriki. See Sharika,
kizo, ?for shindikizo.) Shariki.
Shindikizo, n. (ma-), and Sini- Shisha, n. a kind of sand-glass for
kizo, (1) forcible pressure ; (2) a measuring time, used in native vessels.
pressing or crushing machine, e.g. Shiti, n. (ma-), printed calico
oil-press, sugar-mill. (Cf. prec.) piece-goods, prints, — sold mostly
Shindilia, v. press, press down, in Z. for women's dresses. (Cf.
esp. of ramming a charge home, kisuto, nguo, kanga.)
loading a gun, i.e. sh. bunduki. —
Shoga, n. friend, a term of en-
Cf. shindilia chakula, stuff food into dearment or familiarity between
the mouth. Ps. shindilizua. women in Z. (Cf. jamaa, dada,
Nt. shindilika. (Connected with somo.)
root of shindika. Cf. shindo.) Shogi, n. {ma-), also Sogi, a
Shindo, n. (ma-), used to describe pannier, a pack-saddle, a large mat-
a sudden, forcible, striking act, move- ting bag slung over a donkey's back,
ment, effect, or sound, e. g. shock, and open across the middle.
jerk, blow, bump, outburst, rush, Shogoa, n. forced labour, corvee.
dash, crash, beat, bang, loud report, Tia katika shogoa, requisition.
 SHOKA 343 SHUGHTTLIKA
Shoka, n. (ma-), an axe. Shoka a muscle (tendon). (Cf. tegua,
la bapa, an adze. Dim. kishoka. tegnka.)
(Cf. sezo.) Shua, v. let down, lower, com- —
Shona, v. sew, make (or, mend) monly of launching a boat or ship
by sewing. Used of shoemaking as into the water. Ps. shuliwa. Nt.
well as tailoring, and all kinds of sew- shuka, (1) go down, come down,
ing. Ps. shonwa. descend, alight, disembark, land
Nt. shoneka. (2) ;

Ap. shon-ea, -e%va, e. g. sew be lowered, depressed, humbled, de-

for (with,
in). Cs. shon-esha, -eshwa, e. g. graded. Shuka juu, come down-
employ to sew. (Cf. mshoni, stairs. Shuka pwani, land on the
shonua, and also bandi, ponta, beach, go down to the shore (coast).
shulu.) Hence shukia, shukiwa. A p.
Shonde, n. (ma-), (i) dung of shu-lia, -liwa, e. g. vitu vya kushulia,
animals ;(2) dried cake of dung, launching apparatus. Cs. shusha,
used as fuel (SacL). shushwa, let down, throw down, put
Shonua, v. unsew, undo sewing. ashore, discharge (cargo, &c).
Nt. shonuka. Ap. shomt-lia* -liwa. Shusha pumuzi, breathe out, exhale.
(Cf. shona.) Jishushamoyo, humble oneself. Hence
—
Shoti, n. gallop of a horse. Piga shush-ia, -iwa, e. g. shushiwa mvua,
shoti, enda kwa shoti, gallop, v. have rain sent down on one. (Cf.
Ktunpiga shoti frasi, to gallop a mashua, and syn. angua, inama.)
horse, to make it gallop. Also piga *Shubaka,n. (ma-), small window,
shoti katika frasi. light-hole, loop-hole, port-hole, em-
Shoto, n. left-hand, left-handed- brasure. In Z. sometimes a blind
ness. Ana shoto, he is left-handed. window, window-like recess in a wall
Kushoto, left-hand side, -a kushoto, (cf. dirisha, window ; mwangaza,
on the left-hand side. Also as adj. light-hole). (Ar. an aperture
-shoto, left-handed, e. g. upande wa fitted with lattice, or trellis -work,
mkono mshoto, on the left side. (Cf. cf. shabuka, net.)
opp. kmime, and Arab, shemali, opp. Shudu, n. (ma-), refuse of seed
to yamini.) after it has been crushed for- oil, oil-
*Shtaka, n. (ma-), also Mshtaka, cake.
accusation, charge, complaint, pro- *Shufaka, n. anxious care, fear,
secution. (Ar. Cf. follg.) awe, pity. (Ar. not common, cf.
*Shtaki, v. accuse, charge, com- hofit, huruma.)

'
plain of, prosecute. Ps. shtakiwa.
Nt. shtakika. Ap shtak-ia, -iwa, e g. (1) business, occupation, absence of
.
—
*Shughuli, n. ( ), also Shuhuli,

akamshtakia baba habari za kwake, leisure, engagements (2) trouble,

;

she complained to her father about worry, anxiety. Ana sh., he is busy,
her home. Rp. shtakiana. Cs. engaged. Opp. to mchezo,faragha,
shtak-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. e. g. hatukuja kucheza, tumeknja
mshtaka, mshtaki, and prec. Also kwa shughuli, we did not come to
dai.) play, we are here for business.
Shtua, v. also Stua, and Si- Shughtdi za inchi, public affairs.
tua, (1) put out of place, move (Ar. Cf. follg. and syn. kazi,
suddenly or violently, sprain, strain, mambo.)
e. g. shua mgrni, sprain the ankle. *Shughulika,v. be busy (engaged,
(2) startle, surprise, shock. Nt. occupied), have one's hands full, be
shtuka, be sprained, be startled harassed, hard- worked. (Cs. shu-
(alarmed, shocked). Cs. shittsha, ghuli-sha, -shwa, occupy, give trouble
shtushwa, e. g. shtusha mshipa, strain to, take up the time of, &c. Jishu-
 —
SHUHUDA 344 SHUTTJMTJ
ghulisha, trouble oneself, be nervous, plait of hair, tress, crest, forelock.
— also, pretend to be busy, make ex- Shungi mbili, hair dressed in two
cuses (for putting off, not attending large plaits or rolls. (2) used of the
to a case). (Ar. Cf. prec, and hair-like silky growth or beard on
ushuru.) the ear of some kinds of grain,
*Shuhuda, n. {ma-), testimony, maize, millet, &c. Shungi la taa,
evidence, witness. (Ar. Cf. follg. a flaring lamp. Taa'inatoa shungi,
and shahidi, ushuhuda.) the lamp flares. (Cf. kishungi,
*Shuhudu, v. bear witness, testify, also songo, suko, sokoto, panja.)
give evidence, — but usu. in the Ap. Shupaa, v. (1) be hard, firm, well
form. Ap. shuhud-ia, -iwa, -ika, set, compact (2) be stiff, obstinate,
;

attest, confirm, give evidence (about, unyielding, peremptory. Shupaa kwa

for, against, &c). Cs. shuhud-isha, maneno, affirm with urgency, insist.
-ishwa, e. g. call to witness. Also Cs. shupaza, harden, render tough,
intens. bear emphatic witness. firm, strong, — also, make obstinate.
(Ar. Cf. prec, and shahidi, shahada, Rp. shupana, be strong, well-com-
tishuhuda. ) pacted, stiff, unyielding, obstinate,
*Shujaa, n. {ma-), a brave man, &c. (Cf. follg., and cf. kaza, -wa
warrior, hero, champion. (Ar. Cf. -gumu.)
ushujaa.) -shupafu, a. (same with D 4 (P),
Shuka, v. Nt. of Shua (which see). D 5 (S), D 6), (1) firm, compact,
*Shuka,-n. (ma-), a. piece of calico well-knit, tough; (2) bigoted, un-
about two yards long, worn as a loin- yielding, &c. (Cf. prec, and syn.
cloth in commerce, grey scarves. -gumu. )
Shuka la kitanda, a sheet. As a Shupatu, n. (ma-), a narrow strip
measure, one fathom (pima). (Ar. of plaited grass or leaf, used for
Cf. doti, pima.) lacing bedsteads, or sewn together
Shuke, n. also Suke (which see). for mats, bags, &c.
*Shukrani, n. gratitude, thanks- *Shura, n. saltpetre. (Hind.)
giving, thanks. (Ar. Cf. shukuru?) Shurua, n. measles.
*Shuku, v. be doubtful, feel *Shuruti, v. compel, oblige, — but
scruples, suspect. No deriv. stems seldom in simple form. Ps. shurut-
common. Ap. shuk-ia, -iwa, feel iwa, e. g. haikushurutiwa kutoa
doubts about, &c. (but dist. same fetha, there was no obligation to pay.
from shuka, shua). — —n. ( ), sus- Cs. shuruti-sha, -shwa, put pressure
picion, presentiment, doubt, scruple. on, order peremptorily, press with
(Ar. Cf. shaka, and syn. ttihumu, argument, force, compel. Rp.
thania.) shurutiana, make terms or condi-
* Shukuru, v. (i) thank, give tions with each other, bind each
thanks (to), be grateful ; (2) take other, wager, bet. — n. (ma-),
comfort, leave off mourning or griev- also Sharuti, Sharti (which see).
ing, be resigned, become contented. (Ar. Cf. sharti, and syn. lazimtt,
Sh. Muungu is esp. common in this juzu, bidi.)
latter sense, passive acquiescence in Shusha, v. Cs. of Shua (which
things bad and good. — n. (ma-), see).
expression of gratitude, thanks. Shuta, v. break wind. (Cf. shuzi,
(Ar. Cf. ahsante.) and jamba.)
Shuli, n. See Tuka. Shutumu, v. upbraid, reproach,
Shulu, n. a .kind of sewing revile, scold. E. g. tvatu wanishu-
(? whip-stitch, herring-bone). tumu ubaya bilashi, people upbraid
—
Shungi, n. ( , and ma-), (1) me for wickedness without cause.
 SHUZI 345 SIFTT

Ps. shutumiwa. Nt. shutumika. tive) Mood,following the subjective

Ap. shutum-ia, -iwa. Cs. shutumi- person-pfx., e.g. nisiotie, that I may
sha, -shwa. Rp. shutumiana. n. — not see. Usimpige, do not strike
{ma-), reproach, railing, abuse. (Ar. him. (3) the relative form of the
Cf. syn.lanmu, suta, singizia.) Negative Conjugation, e.g. asiye, he
Shuzi, n. {ma-), breaking wind. who is not. Nisichokupa, that
Fathili ya piinda ni mashuzi, i.e. which I did not give you. (4) some-
nothing worth having to be had times with -ja, -nge-, -ngali-, e. g.
from a donkey. (Cf. s/iuta.) tnsijaisha, wasingekwenda, for the
*Sh.wari, n. a calm, calm weather. common hatujaisha, hawangekwenda.
(Ar.) —
Siafu, n. ( ), a well-known red-
Si, (i) adv. of negation, but al- dish-brown kind of ant, which travels
ways with a word following, which in large swarms, attacks all living
it qualifies, —
never as an independent creatures alike, and bites fiercely.
negation, no (which is sio, sivyo). chungu.) (Cf.
Si mimi, not I. Si mrefn, not tall, *Siagi, n. butter, cream. (? Ar.
&c. Si attaches itself so closely sayig, cf. samli, mafuta.)
to the word qualified, as often not *Siara, n. (ma-), and Ziara
only to negative it, but to reverse (which see), grave, burial place.
more or less entirely its meaning. Masiara, cemetery. (Ar. zuru,
Thus si vema means badly,' as well zinra.
'
Cf. kaburi. See Zuru.)
as ' not well.' Si lazimu kwenda, *Sibiri, n. for (1) shibiri, a span ;
it is necessary not to go. (And so in (2) subiri (which see), an aloe.
some verbs, e. g. sitaki, I want not *Sibu, v. treat badly, damage,
to, I decline, sipendi, I dislike.) Si ruin, bring trouble on. (Arab.
in comparisons indicates the less pre- Cf. msiba, and szibti.)
ferable member, 'rather than,' e.g. *Sifa, n. ( — ), (1) praise, com-
jirani ya karibu si ndugu wa mendation, applause; (2)
flattery,
mbali, a neighbour at hand is better character, reputation, fame, charac-
than a brother far off. Si is com- teristic. Si/a zake njema, he is well
monly combined with (i) the Personal spoken. The following is a charac-
pronouns, e. g. stmt, siye, sinyi, sio ter of a popular chief, Mtu ??zwenyi
(si wad) (2) the relative form of
;
akili na huruma, asiye na choyo,
person-pfxs., e. g. sio, sicho, sizo, msemaji sana, mwenyi tikali sana,
sivyo. Sio and sivyo are commonly awezaye kwenda mchana ktva usiku,
used as an independent adv. of nega- asiye na kiburi na watu, a man able,
tion, i. e. ' no, not so ' (cf. hakiina, kind-hearted, not grasping, eloquent,
hapaiia, la). Si is used with brave and resolute, an untiring
verbs to form the Negative Impera- walker, and one who treats all alike
tive only, e. g. si piga
{pigeni), with courtesy. (Ar. meaning
do not strike.
(2) as a verb-form, '
quality, adjective.' Cf. sifn, and
si is the negative connective corre- syn. himidi, hamdi, and for character,
sponding to ni, i. e. ' is not, are not,' labia, moyo.)
for all persons, Sing, and Plur., e. g. *Sifanja, Sifunja, Sifongo, n. a
wao si watunvwa, they are not slaves. sponge. (Variants of the Ar. sifunj.)
See Ni. *Sifu, v. praise, commend, flatter,
Si-, in verbs is a pfx. of negation, recommend. Also sifu vino, flatter.
in (1) 1 Person Sing. Indicative, Jisifn, brag, boast. (Cf. jiona,
always initial, e. g. sioni, I do not jivuna, jigzunba.) Ps. sifiiva.
see, sikuja, I did not come. (2) all Nt. sifika. Ap. sif-ia, -iwa. (Ar.
persons of the Subjunctive (Impera- Cf. sifa, majiszfzi.)
 SIFUKI 346 SIKU
*Sifuri, n. (—), also Sifri, Si- guage of theirs. follg. and
(Cf.
furu, (i) brass; (2) a cipher, j?isikizi, and syn. in
usikizi, sikio,
nought, zero. (Ar. for brass, cf. general, ona, shika, fahamu, tii.)
sufuria, and syn. shaba, — for zero, -sikifu, n. and -sikilifu, attentive,
Ar. (?) sifr, empty.) teachable, docile, obedient. (Cf.
*Sihi, v. beg humbly, supplicate, sikia, usikifu, and syn. -angalifu,
beseech, intreat. Ps. sihiwa. -elekevu, -tii.)
Nt. sihika, e. g. be placable, not in- Sikio, n. {ma-), also Shikio, the
exorable, open to appeal. (? Ar. ear, —
organ of hearing. Tega sikio,
cry loud, call, cf. omba, lalama.) listen attentively. Tia sikioni, re-
*Sihiri, v. bewitch, fascinate, member, attend Sikio halipiti
to.
throw a spell over, have power over. kichwa, the ear does not rise above
E. g. mchawi aweza kutusihii'i tvote the head. Toga {toja) sikio, bore
tukafa, a wizard can bewitch us all holes in the outer edge of the ear, as
to death. —
n. witchcraft, e. g. Swahili women do, for ornaments.
uchawi na sihiri ni kitu kimoja, (Cf. ndewe, majasi.) (Cf. sikia,
sihiri is the same thing as witch- and prec.)
craft. (Ar. for usual loga, cf. Sikitika, v. be sorry, grieve, feel
pagaa, tichawi.) regret (pity, remorse), — the common
-sija, -sije-.See -ja. word in Z. Ap. sikitik-ia, -iwa,

—
*Sijafa, n. ( ), wristband or cuff
of a native dress, a piece turned in to
e.g. be sorry for (about, at, in).
Cs. sikiti-sha, -shiva (for sikitiki-
receive the stitching. (Cf. kanzu.) shwa), grieve, make sorry. (No
Sijambo, verb-form. See Jambo. simple sikita in use. Cf. follg. and
—
*Siki, n. ( ), vinegar. (Hind.)
Sikia, v. (1) hear; (2) pay atten-
huzunika, Ha.)
Sikitiko, n. {ma-), sorrow, grief,
tion to, notice, understand, perceive ;
object of pity, cause of sorrow, re-
(3) heed, obey. Mostly of the sense gret, &c. (Cf. prec.)
of hearing, but also of other senses. Siku, n. ( —
rarely ma-), (1) a
,

E. g. nasikia harufu ya samaki, I day, i. e. a period of 24 hours, in Z.

smell fish. Nasikia utamu wake, counted from sunset to sunset, one
I notice its taste, I taste it. Ameni- night {usiku) and one day {mchana,
sikia tnaneno yangu, he has obeyed period of daylight) ; (2) in a general
my order. Ps. sikiwa. Nt. sense, day, time. E. g. siku zote, on
sikika, e. g. be audible, be noticeable. all days, always. Killa siku, every
Ap. siki-lia, -liwa, -lika,e. g. listen to day. Siku hizi, nowadays, in modern
(for, with, at). Hence siki-liza, -li- times. Siku za kale, days of old,
zwa, usually intensive, listen, — some- old times. Siku kiua siku, day after
times in contrast with sikia, e. g. day, from day to day. Siku moja,
nikamsikiliza simba nisimsikie tena, kwa siku, katika siku, one day.
and I listened for the lion, but did Masiku mengi, many long days.
not hear it again. Also sikiliana, Siku kuu, festival, holiday, i. e. in Z.
sikilizana. Cs. siki-za, -zwa, e. g. the usual Mahommedan feasts,
(1)
cause to hear, make understand, after Ramathani (2) A
I Haj, Idi
—
;

make obey, and sometimes as siki- (orBairam) in the third month after
liza, listen. Hence intens. or Cs. it (3) Maulidi, the birthday of
;

sikizisha and siki-zia, -ziwa, —also
sikizana, e. g. hear each other, agree
together, be mutually intelligible, &c.
He lugha yao hatusikizani, we do not
understand each other in that lan-
Mahomed in the sixth month. There
isalso a celebration of the death of
Hosein in the fourth month. Siku
a mtvaka, New Year's day. See
Mchana, Usiku, Mwaka.
 ,

SILA 347 SIMUA

*Sila, n. pail, bucket, dipper, proached us with our wretchedness.
—
scoop, esp. for bailing water out (Cf. syn. shtitumu, onea.)
of a boat, &c. (Cf. the commoner Simanzi, n. grief, sorrow, de-
ndoo, kata.) pression. (Cf. syn. hamic, huzuni,
*Silaha, Silihi. See Selaha, majonzi.)
Selehi. *Simba, n. ( —
and ma-), a lion,
,

*Silimu, v. become a Mahom- a lioness. Also as complimentary

medan, be converted, initiated. Ps. description of a warrior, fine child, or
silimiwa. Nt. sili??iika. Cs. young man. (Ar. sabu, sibaa.)
silimisha, si/im'-sha, -shwa, make a Sime, n. See Shime.
Mahommedan, initiate. (Ar. Cf. Simika, v. (1) stand, be set up, be
salimu, sa/ama.) erect, — like ;
simama
(2) cause to
Sirnama, v. (i) stand, be stand- stand, set up, erect (3) cause to
—
;

ing, i. e. of position, as opp. to sit- prosper, support, uphold (4) ap- ;

ting or lying (cf. simika, ondoka) point, establish, arrange. E. g. simi-

—
;

(2) stand, stand up, rise, i. e. of ka nyumba (mitt, mlangd), erect a

movement, change of postui^; (3) house (poles, a door). Muungu
stand, stand still, come to a stand, akusimika, God prosper you.
stop, be stationary, keep in a particu- Mkufu hausimiki, hansimami, a
lar place ; (4) be erect, perpendicular, chain neither holds up nor stands
high, steep, elevated ; (5) cost (cf. up. Nisimike mtu awe mkubwa
wakifn), e. g. imenisimamia fetha 7uao, let me set up a man to be their
nyingi, it has cost me much money. chief. Simika mitego, set traps.
E. g. akaondoka akasimama, he rose Ps. swiikwa. Ap. simik-ia, -hva,
and stood up. Mmmgu hakttsimama e. g. wakamsimikia asikari, and
naye, God did not take his side (sup- they provided him with a bodyguard.
port him). Wall haukusimama tu- Cs. simik-isha, -ishwa, e.g. have a
mboni, the rice was not retained in the thing set, cause to set up. (Cf.
stomach. Mlima umestmama, the ima, simama, simua.)
hill is steep. Maji yamesimama, the *Similla, int. Make way Out of !

water is motionless, stagnant. Ap. the road By your leave

! Often !

simam-ia, -iwa, e. g. stand by (upon, with a word following, S. panda

in, for, against, &c), oppose, ob- (ubau, jiwe), make way for a donkey
struct, support, — but esp. common (plank stone). , ( Ar. for bismillah
in the sense, stand over, overlook, in the name of God. Cf. inshallah,
superintend, manage, direct, adminis- eetvallah, wallai, allaalla, and syn.
ter (cf. msimamizi). Cs. simam- jihathari, jitenga?)
-isha, -ishwa, e.g. (1) make stand, Simo, verb-lorm, I am not in it,
—
cause to go on with work, also (2) i. e. often, I am not responsible, it is
cause to stop, obstruct, thwart; (3) no concern of mine, Negat. Pfx. of —
set up, erect, make stand, cause to 1 Pers. Sing., with -mo, for humd).

rise.
price.
E. g. simamisha bei, raise
(Cf. simika, simua, and ima, remarkable occurrence,
—
Simo, n. ( ), something striking,
not often —
with which simama is connected as a heard in Z. E. g. simo mpya ime-
Stative form.) ingia, a new* thing has occurred.
Simanga, v. triumph (over), (Cf. follg. and jambo, shaiti.)
exult (against), cast in the teeth (of), Simu, the telegraph, tele-
n.
reproach. Ap. simang-ia, -iwa. graphic message (news, &c). (Perh.
Cs. simang-isha, -ishwa, as intens., same as prec.)
e. g. Wanika walitusimangisha Simua, v. place horizontal what
timasikini wetu, the Wanika re- was perpendicular, lay down. E. g.
 —
SIMULIA 348 SIT AH A
simua mlingoti, lower a mast. (Not drowsy; (2) be inattentive, absent-
often in Z. Cf. simama, simika, minded, make a foolish mistake (3) ;

ima, and syn. shusha, weka chini, of a lamp, flicker. Ap. sinzi-lia,
inamisha. Rv. from sima not used.) -/iwa, e. g. be sleepy about, be negli-
Simulia, v. also Sumulia (which gent over, fail to observe or act
see). properly. (Cf. zcsingizi.)
Sina, verb-form, I have not, Sio, adv. of negation, no, not so,
Negat. Pfx. si, and na, with. (Cf. it is not, —
negative pfx. si with -0 of
si, na.) reference, or for hiyo, wao. (Cf.
Sindano, n. a needle. (Cf. syn. la, hakuna, hapana.)
shasira.) -sipo, in verbs, is a negative-rela-
Sindika, Sindua. See Shind- tive pfx., referring to place, time,
ika, Shindua. or general circumstances, i. e. where
Singa, rub with perfume, or
v. (when, in case) it is (they are) not,
aromatic substances, e. g. singa mwi- and so commonly in case '
not, . . .

li kwa sandali, rub the body with if . .not, supposing

. not,' e. g.
. . .

sandal wood. Ps. singwa. (Cf. isipokuwa njema, if it is not good.

sugua, kanda.) Also often supplies practically a
Singa, n. plur. of tisinga, long, negative form of the Pres. Partic.
straight, soft hair, —
of Europeans and in -ki-. (Cf. si, -po.)

some animals, i. e. nyele za singa, as Sira, n. (ma-), dregs, lees. Sira

opp. to nyele za kipilipili, the short, la Umbo, lees of palm wine.
tufty, wiry hair of natives. Singa za —
*Siri, n. ( ), a secret, hidden
mkia wa frasi, horse-hair from the thing, mystery, puzzle, secrecy. Ma-
tail. (Cf. manyoya, used of animal vibo ya siri, secrets. Kwa siri, se-
hair generally, wool, down, &c, and cretly, privately, mysteriously. Some-
see TJnyele.) times also as a v., e. g. alijisiri ge-
*Singefuri, n. cinnabar, vermi- ngeni, he secreted himself in a hollow.
lion, a red dye, anatta. (Cf. (Ar. Cf. msiri, and perh. suria, also
msingefitri.) fumbo, faragha, and setiri,ficha.
syn.
Singiza, pretend, make pretence,
v. Opp. to wazi, thahiri. Dist. usiH,
allege as excuse, but commonly in the delay.)
Ap. singiz-ia, -iwa, make a fictitious, Sisi, pron. of Pers. Plur., we, us.
I

calumnious charge against, slander, Sisi sote, all of us. Sisi wote, com-
insinuate. E.g. jisingiza ugonjwa, monly of two persons, ' both of us.'
make a pretence of sickness. Si- (Sometimes siye is used for sisi. Cf.
ngizia moio, lay the blame on the miye, weye.)
fire. Ps. singizwa. (Cf. follg. Sisima, Sisimua, &c. See Zi-
and syn. amba, izikana.) zima.
—
Singizio, n. slander, usu. in plur. Sisimizi, n. or Zizimizi, a small
masingizio (which see). black harmless ant. (Prob. from
—
*Sini, n. China, the country. zizirna (which see).)
Wasini, the Chinese. (Dist. Wasi- Sita, n. and a., six. -a sita, sixth.
ni, a town on the coast between Z. (Ar. Cf. sitashara, sittini.)
and Mombasa.) Sita, v. (1) move in an uncertain,
*Sinia, n. ( —
and ma-), a tray,
, irregular way, hang back, dawdle,
commonly, a circular metal tray for go lamely; (2) fig. be in perplexity,
carrying food, &c. (Ar.) be undecided, be in doubt, hesitate.
Sinikiza, Sinikizo. See Shindi- (Cf. tanga, zunguka, kwama.)
kiza, &c. *Sitah.a, n. and Staha, deck, of —
Sinzia, v. (1) sleep, doze, be a vessel. (Ar.)
 —

SITAHI 349 SOMBEA

*Sitahi, v. honour, respect. See *Soda, n. lunacy. (Ar. Cf.
Stahi. (Ar.) syn. wazimn, kichaa.)
*Sitash.ara, n. and a., sixteen, Sodo, n. (— ), a particular kind
-a sitashara, sixteenth. (Ar. Cf. of napkin, used by women.
sita, sittini.) Scgea, v. come near, draw up
*Sitawi, v. be in good condition, close, approach. Ap. soge-lea, -leiva,
reach full development, flourish, suc- and hence sogeleana. Cs. soge-za,
ceed, go off well, be in full swing, -zwa, bring near, put ready for, &c.
be at the height. E. g. of healthy Hence sogez-ea, -ewa. Rp. sogeana.
plants, of social functions, dances (Perh. conn, with soiiga, and cf. syn.
{ngomd), a feast (kara??iu), a wedding katibu, karibia.)
(arusi), or of trade (biashard). Cs. *Soko, n. {ma-), a market, open
sitawi-ska, -shwa, e. g. cause to flour- market-place, centre of business, mart,
ish, embellish, enhance, prosper, give emporium. (Ar.)
a finish to. (? Hind., and cf. usitawi.) Sokota, twist, twine with the
v.
*Sitiri, v. cover, conceal. See fingers, plait, spin. Used of thread,
Setiri. (Ar.) yarn, rope, —
less properly of the
*Sitoki, n. See Stoki. (Eng. hair, — alsoof making a cigarette.
'
stocking.') Fig. of pain, e. g. tumbo lanisokota,
*Sitti, n. ( ),lady, — and
—madam. in ad- I have a twisting^'griping pain, colic,
dress, my lady, (Ar. for the in the stomach. Ps. sokotwa. Nt.
common bibi, mwana (which see).) sokoteka. Ap. sokot-ea, -ewa. Cs.
*Sittini, n. and a. and Settini, sokot-esha, -eshwa, -eza. (Cf. follg.,
sixty. -a sittini, sixtieth. (Ar. and suka, songa.)
Cf. sita, sitashara.) Sokota, n. {ma-), a plait, a tress, a
Situka, v. See Stuka. curl. (Cf. prec, and songo, suko,
Sivyo, a common form of negative shungi.)
adv., no, not so, —
negative pfx. si *Soma, v. (i) go to school, receive
with -vyo of reference. (Cf. ad- teaching, study, be educated (2) ;

verbial use of vi- in adjectives, and attend a service, perform devotions.

•vile, hivi, ndivyo, &c, and for nega- Hence (3) read, i. e. attend to (listen
tives, si, sio, la, hapana.) to) a book. Ps. somwa. Nt.
Siwa, n. {ma-), a large island, someka, e. g. be a subject for teaching,
but seldom in Z. except in reference be decipherable. Ap. som-ea, -ewa,
to the Comoro Islands, e. g. wafalme e. g. sheki akalisomea jabali, the
wa Masiwani, the Sultans of Co- chief performed a service (reading)
moro. Kisiwa is regularly used of over the stone. Cs. som-esha, -esh-
islands in general. wa, e. g. send to school, educate,
Siwa, n. used of a special kind of lead devotions, act as teacher or
horn, or trumpet, of wood or ivory, minister. Hence someshea, e.g.
which is a symbol of chieftaincy. unisomeshee mwanangn, educate
(Cf. panda, baragumu, pe?nbe.) my son for me. (Ar. listen, i.e.
Siwezi, v. See "Weza, and Ha- the characteristic attitude of scholar,
—
wezi, also cf.jambo, sijambo. or worshipper, and hence the
Siyo, adv. of negation, like sio, above meanings in Swahili. Cf.
sivyo, si, it is not, not this, no. Also somo.)
for si hiyo. Soma, n. (ma-), one kind ofngoma,
Sizi, n. usually in the plur. masizi, or dance.
soot, grime, e.g. from the fire, on Sombea, v. move oneself by clasp-
a cooking pot, in a chimney. (Cf. ing or grasping, e. g. in climbing a
takataka, and dist. msizi.) tree, or of a cripple who cannot use
 ,

SOMBO 350 STAARABTJ

his legs. (Str. and Kr. Cf. sombo, as and writhing, of clothes rolled up by
that which clasps or girds.) a high wind, &c. (Cf. songa.)
Sombo, n. usual in the plur. Songomeza, v. roll or press to-
masombo (which see), a girdle. gether, of folding one's arm in
e. g.
(Cf. follg.) a cloth, cramming food into the
*Somo, (ma-), (i) that which is
xx. mouth, coiling up a rope. Jisongo-
listened to or read, a letter, a reading; meza, e. g. of a snake writhing.
(2) a teacher, instructor, confidential (Cf. prec, and songa.)
adviser or friend. And so as a term Songonyoa, v. squeeze, twist
hard,
of friendly address. Njoo, somo, come wring out, — esp.of clothes, also of
along, my friend. (Ar. Cf. soma, cleaning the teeth with a toothpick.
for friend, rafiki,jamaa, mwenzi, and Tumbo lanisongonyoa, I have colic.
msiri.) (Obs. songa, songoa, songofneza, song-
Songa, v. (1) press, press together, onyoa,— all denoting kinds of active
press close, throng, meet in a mass ; twisting or pressure.)
(2) close up by pressure, squeeze, Sonjoa, v. variant of songoa
contract, hem in ; (3) act on (form, (which see).
fashion) by pressing; and (4) fig. apply Sononeka, v. (1) feel hurt, be
pressure to, urge, press, overwhelm. pained, ache; (2) be grieved, vexed,
E. g. songa mbele, press forward, troubled. Cs. sonone-sha, -shwa,
s. kamba, of rope-making, s. e. g. hurt, cause pain (to), grieve, vex.
nyele, of hair-dressing, s. itgali, of (Cf. follg., and kisonono, also a —
making porridge. S. roho, throttle, variant sosoneka.)
strangle. Chakula chasonga, the -sononi, a. hurt, grieved, pained.
food chokes. Watu wanasonga, (Cf. prec.)
there is a crowd, or crush, of people. Sony a, v. whistle, but commonly
JVJia inasonga, the road is narrow. piga msonyo. (Cf. msonyo.)
Nguo inasonga, the dress is too tight. —
*Soruali, n. ( ), and Suruale,
Siku zasonga, the days are approach- trousers, breeches, drawers. (Ar.)
ing. Ps. songwa. Nt. songeka. Sote, a. a form of -ote, used in
Ap. song-ea, -ewa, e.g.songea watu, agreement with the pers. pronoun
push through a crowd. Cs. song- szsz. Tu sote, we ate all together.
esha, -eshwa. Rp. songana. (Cf. Twende sote, let us all go together.
songo, msongo, kisongo, and follg. Tu wote is commonly used of two per-
songoa, songomana, songonyoa, songo- sons, we are both twende wote, let
;

meza, sonjoa, and perh. sogea, and us both go. (Cf. -ote, and nyote.)
nyonga.) Soza, v. reach, arrive at, meet
Songo, n. {ma-), a plait, coil with, approach, accost. Sozapwani,
(e.g. of a snake), tress, wreath, roll, of a vessel, run ashore, be beached,
garland. (Cf. songa , sokoto , suko, come to land. (Not often in Z.
pindi, kunjo.) Cf. sogea, sogeza, and_/£&z.)
Songoa, v. and Sonjoa, twist to- *Sta-, an Arab, sign of conjuga-
gether, bind up tight, press together, tion, retained in several words in
e.g. s. kamba, of rope-making, s. kimi, Swahili. See follg.
make up faggots, s. nguo, wring * S taaj abu, v. be greatly astonished
clothes, s. kuku, twist a fowl's neck, surprised, filled with wonder. —
&c. Ap. songo-lea, -lewa. (Cf. n. (ma-), wonder, a wonder, &c.
songa, also choma, chomoa, chonga, (See Ajabu, and deriv. forms.)
chongoa, &c.) *Staamani, v. have confidence,
Songomana, v. be rolled or pressed trust. See Amini.
together, e. g. of a snake wriggling Staarabu, v. get understanding,
 —
UtfWWSlT.
•STAARABTJ SUBIRI
be wise, know about things, be civil- money paid, &c). (Ar. Cf.
ized. Also Nt. staarabika, in same kabithi, and syn. was Hi.)
sense. E. g. washenzi wa papo *Stambuli, n. Constantinople,
-aiamestaarabika kidogo, the natives also called Rum.
in these parts have a touch of civiliza- *Stara, n. covering, concealment,
tion. Cs. staarabi-sha, -shwa. modesty, reserve. (Ar. Ci.setiri.)
(Ar. Cf. follg.) *Starehe, v. and Sterehe, be at
-staarabu, a. wise, civilized. rest (comfortable, undisturbed),
(Ar. Cf. prec.) live in peace and quietness, be still.

deck, —
of a vessel.
—
*Staha, n. ( ), also Sitaha,
(Ar.)
Starehe (Imperat.), used commonly
as a form of courtesy on meeting, or
*Stahabu, v. like, be
prefer, entering a room, keep your seat, pray
'

pleased (with). (Ar. Cf. habba.) do not move, do not disturb yourself.'
*Stahi, v. give honour to, show Cs. starehe-sha, -shwa, make com-
respect for, reverence. Ps. stahiwa. fortable, give rest to, refresh, relieve,
Nt. stahika, e. g. be a worthy, re- tranquillize. (Ar. Cf. raha, msla-
spected person. Rp. stahiana. rehe, and follg., and cf. syn. ptimzisha,
(Ar. Cf. -stahifu, and syn. hesliimu, burudisha.)
tukuaz.) *-sterehefu, a. comfortable, peace-
*-stahifu, a. estimable, honourable, ful, tranquil, calm. (Cf. prec.)
deserving respect. (Ar. Cf. stahi.) *Stima, n. a steamer. (From the
*Stahiki, v. be fitting (proper, English.)
suitable, becoming), be obligatory on, *Stiri, v. cover, conceal. See
be a duty, be worthy (deserving) of. Setiri.
Also a. deserving, honourable, re- *Stoki, n. also Sitoki, Stokini,
spected. (Ar. Cf. wajibit, stahili.) stocking, sock. (From the Eng.
*Stahili, v. merit, deserve, be ' stocking.' manowari.)
Cf. koti, boi,
fitting, be proper, be due. E.g. Stuka, sometimes Situka, (1)
v.
astahili kupigwa, he deserves a beat- start, give a start or jerk, be sprained,
ing. Wastahili kumpenda, you be put out of joint; (2) be startled,
ought to like him. (Cf. stahili salamu, taken aback, surprised, alarmed.
as a complimentary greeting, on some E. g. mguu wangu ztmestuka,my foot
happy occasion.)Ps. stahiliwa. is sprained. Nalistuka kwa hofu,
Nt. stahilika. Ap. stahil-ia, -iwa. Ap. stuk-ia, -iwa,
I started in terror.
Cs. stahili-sha, -shwa, e.g. make (be startled) at.
e. g. start Cs. stusha,
worthy, deem worth, declare deserv- stushwa, e. g. give a jerk to, sprain,
ing (suitable, good). Jistahilisha, startle, terrify, astonish. {Tuka,ji-
think (make, pretend) oneself worthy, tuka, kutuka sometimes occur. Cf.
qualified for, &c. Also a. worthy, syn. teguka, and shangaa, toshewa,
fitting, proper. (Ar. Cf. astahili, fathaika.)
and syn. stahiki.) Subana, n. (1) a thimble (cf.
*Stahimili, v. endure, support, kastabani) ; (2) small piece of meat,
persevere, put up with, be patient. toasted on wooden skewers.
Ps. stahimiliwa.
-iwa. (Ar.
Ap. stahimil-ia,
Cf. himili, hamali,
—
*Subaya, n. ( ), outside covering
of a bier, used in the better class of
and syn. vumilia, chukua, subiri.) funerals, a pall. (Cf. mazishi.)
*Staka, Staki. See Shtaka, *Subiri, v. be patient (with), wait
Shtaki. (for), endure, persevere, be resigned.
*Stakabathi, n. (i) earnest money, E. g. akamwambia, unisubiri, aka-
pledge (of a bargain made) (2)
; mpa sabtiri, and he said to him, grant
acknowledgement, receipt, quittance me a respite. And he did so. Ap.
 SUBIRI 352 SUKTJMA
subir-ia, -hva. Cs. subiri-sha, *Suhubu, v. make friends with,
-shwa. (Ar. Cf. saburi, and syn. be a friend of. Rp. suhubiana,
vumilia,stahimili,'ngoja. Dist.follg.) e. g. si mtu wa kusuhubiana naye,
*Subiri, n. also Shibiri, Sabiri, not a man to make a friend of. (Ar.
an aloe. (Ar.) Cf. sahibu.)
*Subu, v. (i) andZubu, cast, run *Sujudu, v. bow down (to), pros-
melted metal into a mould, i. e. mitni- trate oneself (before), adore, worship.
na madini iliyoyeyuka katika kalibu. Used regularly of Mahommedan
Ps. subiwa. Nt. subika. Ap. sub-ia, ceremonial of devotion. S. Mu-
-iwa. C"s>.subi-sha,-shwa. (Ar.zab.) ungu, worship God. Ps. sujudiwa.
(2) happen (to), take place, come to Nt. sujudika. Ap. sujud-ia, -iwa.
pass. (Ar., rarely used. Cf. msiba,sibu.) Hence sujudiana. Cs.sujudi-sha,
*Subuhi,n. also Sabui, Subukhi, -shwa, e. g. cause to worship, teach
and (with article) assubuhi, ussubui, worship to, make bow down, turn to
morning, the earlier part of the day. God. (Cf. moskiti, mesjidi.)
As adv., in the morning. (Ar. Suka, v. (1) shake, wag, move
Cf. assubuhi, and contr. Jioni.) quickly to and fro, flourish, e. g. s.

bad. (Ar.
—
*Sudi, n. luck, fortune, good or
Cf. bahati, nasibu.)
mkia, wag the tail.
shake the head. .5'.
S. kichwa,
maziwa, churn
*Sufi, n. (1) also Suf, Sufu, wool. milk. Suka suka, be violently agi-
Also of the fine soft silky cotton tated. (2) plait, twist, make by
from the pods of the tree msitfi. plaiting, e. g. s. mkeka, plait a mat,
(Ar. Cf. manyoya, pamba.) (2) also —the common occupation of all wo-
sufii, a saint, holy man, devotee. (Ar. men of the poorer classes in Z. S.
Cf. mtawa, zvalii, mcha Mziungu.) ukambaa, plait a cord. S. nyele,
*Sufuria, n. ( —and of size, ma-),
, plait the hair, —
regularly of the hair-
—
metal cookingpot, of copper or iron, plaiting, often elaborate, of Swahili
sometimes of very large size. (Ar. women. Ps. sukwa. Nt. sukika.
sifr, copper, and see Chombo, Ap. suk-ia, -iwa. Cs. suk-isha,
Chungu.) -ishwa. Rp. sukana, e. g. s. nyele,
.

Sugu, n. (— ), (1) a callosity, place each dress the other's hair. (Cf.
made hard by rubbing or use, a corn msuko, suko, suke, sukua, and syn.
(on the foot). callousness, a
(2) '
shake' tikisa, punga, ' plait sokota, '

hard unfeeling nature. E. g. fanya songa, kunja.)

sugu kwa kazi nyingi, get a hard
lump from hard work. Ana
—
*Sukani, n. ( ), rudder, helm.
sugu, See Msukani. (Hind.)
yu sugu, he is callous, obstinate,*Sukari, n. (— ), sugar. Sukari
stupid. (Cf. follg.) guru, half-made sugar, in large
Sugua, v. rub, scrub, scour, scrape, lumps and of dark colour. (Ar.)
clean (smooth, sharpen) by rubbing. Suke, n. (ma-), also Shuke, the
Ps. suguliwa. Nt. sugulika. Ap. seed-bearing head or ear of various
sugu-lia, -liwa, e. g.jiwe la kusugulia plants, e. g. rice, millet, maize.
visu, stone for cleaning and whetting (? Cf. suka, with passive ending -e.)
knives. Nyama ya nazi imesugu- Sukua, v. untwist, loosen, slacken.
liwa, the flesh of the cocoanut has Ps. sukuliwa. Nt. stikulika. Ap.
been scraped (out). Cs. suguli-sha, suku-lia, -liwa. (Cf. suka, and dist.
shwa. Rp. suguana. (Cf. sugu, sugua. Cf.fumua, legeza, shomia.)
suguo, and futa, pangus a.) Sukuma, v. (1) push, push away
Suguo, n. {ma-), something to (onward, back, off, &c), move, drive,
rub with, e. g. knife-board, scraper. thrust; (2) urge, impel, incite, en-
(Cf. sugua, and kinoo.) courage. E.g. roho yake inamsu-
 )

SUKUTTJA 353 SUMULIA

kuma mbele, his impels him
will into order, administers, rules. (Ar.
onward. Sukuma gari, pusha cart Cf. prec.)
along. Ps. sukumiwa. Nt. Sululu, n. (1) a curlew; (2) a
sukumika. Ap. sukum-ia, -iwa. pick, pickaxe.
Cs. sukum-iza, -izwa. Often intens., *Sumari, n. See Msomari, nail,
e.g. (i) give a vigorous push, or im- and Zomari.
pulse to, throw, thrust away. S. Sumba, v. sell off, get rid of at
rungn, throw a club. S. marathi, any price, sell under pressure, — e.g.
avert sickness. propitiate
S. pepo, of stolen goods. Ps. sumbwa.
(keep off) evil spirits. vS". date, force Nt. sumbika.
the boat along. (2) rid oneself of, Sumbua, v. annoy, trouble, mo-
and hence sukum-izia, -iziwa, thrust lest, vex, harass, tease, torment.
on to another, e. g. blame, disaster, Ps. sumbuliwa. Nt. sumbuka, e.g.
a load. Wanazidi kusukumiziwa be annoyed, troubled, &c. Hence
tnbele, they are impelled onward sumbzik-ia, -iwa, be troubled about,
more and more. Also sukumi- anxious for, —
and sometimes, be
zana. Rp. sukumana. (Cf. a cause of trouble to, e.g. watoto
songa, sogea, endesha, ondoa.) wanamsumbickia baba, the children's
Sukutua, v. rinse out the mouth troubles fall on the father. Ap.
with water, e. g. after eating Sel- sumbu-lia, -liwa, e. g. give trouble
dom in deriv. forms. (Cf. piga about, make a fuss about (over, to,
funda.) at, &c). Cs. sumbu-sha, -shwa, as
*Sulibi, v. also Salibu, Sulubu, Intens., e.g. of active, intentional
crucify, — but usu. in the Cs. form. annoyance. Rp. stmibuana. (Cf.
Ps. sulibiwa. Nt. sulibika. Ap. follg. and msumbuo, sumbuo, and
sulib-ia, -iwa, e. g. mti wa kusulubia, syn. uthi, chokoza.)
i. e. a cross {msalaba). Cs. su/ibi-sha, -sumbufu, a. (1) troublesome,
-shwa, cause to crucify (or, to be causing annoyance, &c. (2) full of
;

crucified), crucify. (Ar. Cf. msa- trouble, troubled, annoyed. (Cf.

laba.) prec, and sumbuo, msumbuo?)
*Sulihi, v. See Salihi (Selehi, Sumbuo, n. {ma-), annoyance,
Suluhi). (Ar.) teasing, trouble. (Cf. sumbtia.)
Sulika. See Zulika. *Sumisha, v. (1) name, call by
*Sultani, n. {ma-), king, ruler, name, give a call, call out. (Ar.,
chief, head of a town or village. not usual in Z. Cf. ita, alika.)
Sidtani Rum, the Sultan of Turkey. (2) poison, give poison to. (Ar.
(Ar. In Z. the Sultan is commonly Cf. sumu.)
called sayidi, or bwana.) —
*Sumu, n. ( ), poison. Lisha
sumu, ua kwa sumu, and also szim-
*Sulubika, v. (1) be strong, firm ;

also (2) be diligent, vigorous, ener- isha, poison, give poison to. (Ar.)
getic. (Ar. Cf. follg. Also Nt. *Sumughu, n. gum-arabic, seal-
of sulubu. See Sulibi. —
ing-wax, used for fastening letters,
*Sulubu, n. and Usulubu, firm- &c. (Ar.)
ness, strength, vigour. S. ya kazi, Sumulia, v. and Simulia, narrate,
energy in work, industry. (Ar. relate, report, give an account, tell a
Cf. prec, and syn. nguvu, bidii, story, talk, converse. Alimsumulia
ushupafu.) habari, he told him the news. Ana-
* Suluhi, v. See Selehi and sumulia naye, he is talking with him.
deriv. forms. (Ar.) Ps. sumuliwa. Nt. sumulika.
*-suluhifu, a. also -selehifu, one Cs. sumuli-sha, -shwa. Rp. sumu-
who makes peace, reconciles, brings liana. (Cf. msimulizi, and syn.
A a
 SUNGUKA 354

hubiri, hadithia, sema, semezana, Suza, v. rinse, souse, swill, — e. g.

ongea, zungumza. ) the final stage in washing, before

Sungura,
— represented
n.
continually
(

in
—E.
), (i) rabbit, drying the clothes.
gruel, — for a sick person.
S. uji, make
Ps. suzwa.
rice

African beast-stories as owing as- Ap. suz-ia, -iwa. Cs. suz-isha,

cendency to the power of outwitting -ishwa.
all other creatures. Hence (2) an *Swafi, a. pure, clean. See Safi.
unprincipled person, a clever rogue. (Ar.)
*Sunni, n. and Sunna, used of *Swahili, n. and Suaheli, the
what is good, commendable, meri- Swahili coast. Mswahili, a Swahili.
torious, but not absolutely binding or Kiswahili, the Swahili language.
necessary. Hence, good traditions, (Ar. sahil, coast.)
counsel of perfection, work of super- *Swali, n. (ma-), question, inquiry,
erogation. Also, one of the Sunnite interrogation, problem. (Ar. Cf.
sect. Opp. to farathi, e. g. kufa saili, and syn. ulizo.)
si sunni, ni farathi, death is not
optional, but inevitable. T.

—
*Sunobari, n. ( ), deal, pine, —
wood of the tree mstinobari, largelyT, as used in this Dictionary, may
imported (like msaj'i, teak) into Z.
'
be pronounced as / in English, with-
(Ar.) out serious misrepresentation of Swa-
Sunza, v. (1) let go grudgingly, hili words, i. e. the words so pro-
—
give with reluctance and (2) tease, nounced will as a rule be readily
provoke, annoy, e. g. by causeless understood. T, however, has to re-
delay, reluctance, &c. (Cf. syn. present both sounds of in Arabic,T
sumbtia.) Ta, and Tah (and sometimes Sad),
*Sura, n. (1) form, appearance, and even in Bantu words as used in
look, expression, face, exterior, like- Zanzibar it is possible to distinguish
ness. S.ya iilimwengti, look of the a smooth / in tatu, three, a sharper t
sky, weather, —
or, general view, pros- in tano, five, and an emphatic or
pect, (2) a chapter of a book, i. e. explosive t sound in taka, dirt, — this
esp. of the Coran. (Ar. Cf. uso, last sound being much more marked
tabia, ginsi.) in some cognate dialects, and written
*Suria, n. {ma-), slave concubine. as nt or ht. Hence a considerable
(Ar. Cf. follg., and siri.) variation in the writing of the same
. *Suriama, (ma-), one born of a
n. Swahili word by different European
slave concubine. (Ar. Cf. prec.) authorities. It must be remembered,
*Suruale,n.and Soruali, trousers. however, that (1) these varieties of
(Ar.) pronunciation of t are not so marked
*Sus, n. liquorice. (Ar.) in Zanzibar as at Mombasa (2) many ;

Suso, n. a contrivance for hanging words pronounced with t at Mombasa

things up in a room —
a cord, a hanging
,
are pronounced with ch in Zanzibar,
shelf, a net, a swinging stick or board. and so the chance of confusion of
Suta, v. reproach, make charges similar words is much reduced (3) ;

against, find fault with, question sus- natives themselves hardly recognize
piciously, accuse. Ys.sutwa. Ap. varieties of the t sound in Zanzibar,
stit-ia, -iwa. Cs. sut-isha, -ishwa. except under the influence of Arabic
Rp. sutana. (Cf. follg., and syn. pronunciation. Hence Bishop Steere
lanmu, shutumu, shtaki.) appears justified in using .t in all
Suto, n. (ma-), reproach, charge, cases.
accusation. (Cf. prec.) T is sometimes difficult to dis~
 —
TA- 355 TABIA
tinguish from d in common pronun- is exalted, — commonly used in -the
ciation. Arab, phrase Allah taala, God is
See further under Th, for the sounds
so represented.
exalted, God Most High, prefixed
and formal documents.
to all letters
—
Ta-, -ta-, (i) as a B. pfx. is the (Ar.)
sign of the Future Tense. It cannot *Taalamu, v. know, be learned in,
as a rule bear an accent, and thus be educated. Also as a. -taalamu,
when followed by a Relat. pfx. is educated, scholarly, well-informed.
written taka, without change of mean- (Ar. Cf. elimu, and Ar. pfx. ta.)
ing, e. g. nitakapokuja, when I shall *Taali, v. study, learn, be a stu-
come. In the i Pers. Sing, nita- is dent. (Ar. for common B. soma,
often pronounced nta, and sometimes jifunza.)
ni dropped altogether, e.g. takuja,
is *Taarifu, n. information, report,
I will come. Obs. ta appears to be —
news, intelligence, usually written.
a formative in verbs like ambata, Also v., see Arifu. Tarifu niissn ya
fumbata, kamata, and such verbs in- kuonana, news of a person is some-
volve mostly the idea of holding, or thing like meeting him. (Ar. Cf.
grasping. (2) is often, like sta, the maarifu, arifu, and syn. habari.)
'
Arab, conjugational pfx., used with- Taataa, v. move restlessly, move
out modifying the root meaning of about, throw the hands or body about,
the word. —
as in sickness, distress, &c. (Cf.
*Taa, n. (the word thus written gaagaa, tapatapa.)
has several widely different senses, and *Taathima, Taathimisha. See
probably slight differences of sound Atbama, Athimisha. (Ar. with
when carefully pronounced. See T.). conjugational pfx. ta.)
(1) a lamp, —
of any kind, the most *Taawa, also Taowa. See Tawa.
general word in Z. Washa tact, light (Ar.)
a lamp. Zima taa, put out a lamp. *Taazia. See Tanzia.
(Perh. cf. Ar. ddaa, shine.) (2) *Tabaka, n. ( , and ma-), any- —
obedience, allegiance, submission, thing laid on another, and so, lid, —
but in Z. the Africanized form utii is cover, lining (of a dress, &c), fold,
also used. (Cf. Ar. ttaa, and Hi, v., layer, row, stratum, stage, story (of a
and the Arab, phrase sometimes used house). (Ar. Cf. tabiki, and syn.
in Swahili semaa wa taa, hear and bitana, orofa?)
obey.) (3) a large flat fish, a skate. *Tabakelo, n. (— ), a snuff box, a
(4) pi. of utaa (which see). (5) in tobacco case, —
made of wood, reed,
poet, shortened for taala, exalted, or horn. (Cf. himbako.)
most high. (Arab, title of God.) *Tabarudu, v. cool, refresh, re-
*Taabika, v. be troubled, in dis- invigorate. Ps. taburudiwa. Nt.
tress, anxious, fatigued. Cs. taab- taburudika. ( Ar. Cf. baridi, and
isha, -ishwa, cause trouble, &c. burtidisha.)
(Ar. Cf. follg., and snmbua, ttthi.) *Tabaruki, v. and Tabaruku,
*Taabu, n. trouble, distress, fatigue, consecrate, bless, —
in a ceremonial
annoyance. Also sometimes as v. for way. (Ar. Cf. bariki, mbaraka,
taabika, e. g. hawataabu kihi, they mabruki.)
have no sort of trouble. Ps. taab- *Tabassam* v. smile. (Arab, for
iwa. (Ar. Cf. prec.) common B. chekelea.)
*Taadabu, Taajabu, v. See *Tabawali, v. urinate. (Arab, for
Adibu, Ajabu. (Ar. with ia, — the common B. kojoa, nya.)
conjugational pfx.) *Tabia, n. condition, state, nature.
*Taala, v. sometimes Taa, lit. he Hence (1) of persons, — character, dis-

A a 2
 TABIBIA 356 TAGAA
position, humour, habits, attainments, adui yake, and he begged the gover-
gifts; (2) of things, —e.g. tabia ya nor to overcome his enemy. (Ar.
inchi, physical features, climate, CLfathili, afathali, utafathali.)
weather, &c. (Ar. Cf. syn. of *Tafauti, n. also Tofauti, (1) dif-
character, sifa, mathehebu, moyo, ference, discrepancy, interval (of space
desturi, and generally kali, sura.) ortime); (2) excess, want; (3) blame,
*Tabibia, v. treat medically, act quarrel. Kitu hiki kina t., this thing
as doctor to, attend professionally. is different, not quite what I want.
Ps. tabibiwa. (Ar. Cf. tabibu, Nina t. naye, I am not quite satisfied
and syn. tiguza, alika.) with him. Yuna t., he is not up to
*Tabibu, n. {ma-), doctor, phy- the mark, not trustworthy, not quali-
sician, medical man. Tabibu hazuii fied. (Ar. faut, and Ar. pfx. ta.
ajali, doctors cannot avert doom. Cf. hitilafu.)
(Cf. common B. mganga, and (Eng- *Tafautisha, v. Cs. make a differ-
lish) daktari often heard.) ence, cause to be different, treat differ-
*Tabiki, v. lie close to, stick to, ently, distinguish. Ps. tafautishwa.
line, cover, be attached to. Ps. (Ar. Cf. prec, and pai?ibamta.)
tabikizva. Ap.tabi£-ia,-iwa. Hence *Tafiti, v. be prying (inquisitive,
tabikiana, e. g. be great friends. Cs. curious). (Cf. Ar. taftash, and
tabik-isha, -ishwa, e.g. cause to stick fatiishi, utafiti, tafuta, and syn. B.
to, paste on, glue on, line, put a ckitngulia, taza??iia.)
lining to. Rp. tabikana (na), e.g. *Tafsiri, v. explain, interpret, ex-
adhere closely (to). (Ar. Cf. ta- pound, make intelligible, translate.
baka.) — n. (ma-), an explanation, transla-
*Tabiri, v. interpret, explain, ex- tion. (Ar. See Fasiri for deriva-
pound, e. g. of a fortune-teller, sooth- tives, &c.)
sayer, prophet, — and so, foretell, pre- Tafuna, v. chew, nibble, gnaw,
dict. E. g. tabiri mwaka kwa chuo, masticate, eat, i. e. use the teeth and
foretell Jthe (events of a) year by a jaws upon food, — of men and animals,
book. Ps. tabiriwa. Nt. tabirika. e. g. t. nyama, chew meat, t. miwa
Rp. tabir-ia, -iwa. Cs. tabiri-sha, (mkate), chew sugar-cane (bread).
-shwa. (Ar. abr, with ta, oi.fasiri, Ps. tafimwa. Nt. tafunika. Ap.
bashiri, and hubiri.) tafun-ia, -iwa. Cs. tafuni-sha,
*Tadariki, v. undertake, guaran- -shwa. (Perh. cf. tafu, for chafu,
tee, be responsible for, come in time cheek, and for eating, -la, mega,
for. (Ar. Cf. daraka, diriki.) meza.)
*Tadi, v. transgress, do wrong, *Tafuta, v. (1) search (for), seek,
offend, be rude. Ap. tad-ia, -iwa, look for and also (2) search out, get
;

e.g. be rude to. — n. also Utadi, by search, find, obtain. Ps. tafutwa.
offence, rudeness, &c, e. g. ingia kwa Nt. tafutika. Ap. tafut-ia, -iwa,
tadi, enter rudely (with violence). e.g. seek out for (at, by, &c), search
(Ar. Ci.jeuri,Jithuli.) into, look for. Cs. tafut-isha,
*Tafakari, v. consider, reflect, -ishwa. Rp. tafutana. (Ar.
meditate. (Ar. Cf. jikiri, — with Cf. tafiti, and note.)
the Ar. pfx. ta.) Taga, v. (t) lay (an egg), of birds
—
*Tafath.ali, v. please, do a kind- generally, also taga yai. Ps.
ness to, be good to. Esp. in Imperat. tagwa. Ap. tag-ia, -iwa. Cs.
as a form of polite request,— be so kind tag-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. yai, atamia.)
as to, if you please, please do, and so *Tagaa, v. walk fast, stride, strad-
of making a polite request, e. g. aka- dle. (Cf. Ar. taga, and perh. chege,
mtafathali bwana mkubzva ampige tege.)
 —
TAGHAFALI 357 TAKA
*Tagh&fali, v. (i) be taken un- of individuals bearing a tribal name.
awares, be surprised, be off one's Thus the Yao tribe, Wayao the ;

guard ; (2) be unmindful (of), omit Ganda tribe, Waganda. (Ar. Cf.
to notice, neglect ; (3) Act. take by kabila.)
surprise, make a sudden attack (or, Taja, v. name, mention by name,
demand) on. Ps. taghafaliwa. mention, speak of. Taja jina,
Nt. taghafalika, e. g. be taken by by name, give a name to, name.
call
surprise. Cs. taghafal-isha, -ishwa, tajwa.
Ps. Nt. tajika, e. g. be
intens. (Ar. Cf. ghafala, and cf. named, be mentionable. Ap. taj-ia,
gundna, stuka, znka.) -iwa. Cs. taj-isha, -ishwa.
*Tahamaki, v. look up, observe, *Tajiri, v. get money by trading,
take notice. As an interj. tahamaki get rich. Also Nt. tajirika, in same
(Imperat.), lo and behold! (Ar. sense. Ap. tajir-ia, -iwa. Cs.
for common angalia, taza?na!) tajir-isha, -ishwa, e. g. jitajirisha,
— —
*Taharizi, n. ( ), side piece, of enrich oneself. —
n. {via-), a mer-
calico in making a native dress chant, wholesale trader, capitalist,
{kanzu), badani being the front and man of wealth. Tajiri na maliye,
back piece. (Ar. Cf. kanzu.) maskini na mwanawe, a rich man
*Taharuki, v. also Taharaki, be and his money are like a poor man
in a hurry, be bustled, be excited, and his child.
'

(Ar. Cf. miajiri,

— from any strong emotion. Ap. utajiri, and syn. mkzvasi.)
taharuk-ia, -iwa. Cs. taharuk-isha, *Taka, v. feel a want of, want, desire,
-ishwa. (Ar. Cf. haraka, and wish, be inclined (2) express a want
;

syn. angaika, fathaika.) (to), ask, request (3) be in want of,

;

*Tahayari, v. become ashamed, need, require (4) (seem to want, and

;

be abashed, be shy, be humiliated. so) have a tendency to, incline to, be

Also Nt. tahayarika, in same sense. on the verge of, be going to (of an
Cs. tahayar-isha, -ishwa, make asham- imminent result or consequence).
ed, &c. (Ar. Cf. haya, and syn. E. g. nataka kwenda, I want to go,
aibu, fetheha.) the negative form sitaki being the most
*Tahidi. See Jitahidi. (Ar.) absolute expression of refusal, I will
—
*Tahiri, v. cleanse, ceremonially, not. Taka shauri, need advice. Ku-
but esp. of circumcision as practised mtaka mtu pesa, to ask a man for
by Mahommedans. Ps. tahiriwa. money. Inataka kunya mvica, it is
Nt. taharika. Ap. tahir-ia, -iwa. going to rain. Also impersonally, e.g.
Cs. tahir-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. inataka unene kijinganamtu mjinga,
tohara.) you must speak to a fool in a fool's way.
*Tahlili, n. funeral song, dirge, Mbnzi anataka ktifa, the goat is going
—
coronach, esp. of the monotonous to die. Ps. takwa. Nt. takika.
recitation of the Mahommedan creed Ap. tak-ia, -iwa, e. g. ask of (for,
at a funeral, e.g. mwalimtt htisoma from, about, at, against, &c). Cs. rare,
tahlili na watu huitikana, the offi- takisha. Rp. takana, e.g. takana
cial leads the dirge and the people buriani, take a final farewell of each
respond. (Ar.) other. (Ar. Cf. titashi, matakwa,
—
Tai, n. ( ), (1) name of a large and syn JamanLpenda, hitaji,elekea.)
bird of prey, eagle, vulture; (2) —
Taka,n. ( ), and often Taka taka
(also Tayi), obedient, commonly {ma-), (1) dirt, filth, refuse, rubbish,
-tii (which see), and Taa. sweepings; (2) anything of little value,
*Taifa, n. {ma-), a tribe, nation. i. e. trifles, odds and ends, scraps,
African tribes are not described by trinkets, fancy articles, miscellany.
a collective word, but as a number (Cf. uchafu,jaa, kipzizi.)
 ;

TAKABALI 358 TAMAA

*Takabali,v. See Kubali. (Ar. butt-end of anything, e. g. of a gun,
form with ta.) spear, arrow, &c. (Cf. kitako.)
*Takabari, v. be proud, give one- *Taksiri, n. fault, defect, offence,
self airs, play the grandee. So jita- crime. (Ar. Cf. hatiya, thambi,
kabari, and Cs.(intens.)jitakabarisha. kosa,which are more usual.)
(Ar. Cf. kiburi, and ta-.) —
*Talaka, n. ( ), divorce. (Ar.
*Takabathi, v. receive, take in Cf. taliki.)
hand, take charge of, esp. of money *Talakeki, —
n. ( ),
a small Arab powder-horn, for carry-
and Telakeki,
or property. Ps. takabathiwa.
Ap. takabath-ia, -iwa. Cs. taka- ing a fine-grained gunpowder.
bath-isha, -ishwa, e. g. cause to re- *Talasimu, n. (ma-), talisman,
ceive, give in charge of, entrust with. charm, magic diagram. (Ar. Cf.
(Ar. Cf. kabithi, and B. syn. pokea.) hirizi, daw a.)
*Takadamu, v. go before, go Tale, n. (ma-), an undeveloped,
forward, precede, proceed, be in ad- valueless cocoanut. (Cf. nazi,
vance of, lead the way. (Ar. for and kitale.)
common B. tangulia. Cf. kadamu.) *Tali, v. See Taali. (Ar.)
*Takana, v. Rp. of taka, v. *Taliki, v. dismiss, divorce. Ps.
*Takarimu, n. gift, largess, bounty,
.
talikiwa. (Ar. Cf. talaka.)
hospitality, generosity. (Ar. Cf. *Taliza, v. smear, plaster, with —
karimu, karamu, karama, and for clay or mortar, so as to give a
gifts generally bakshishi.) smooth surface to the wall of a house.
Takasa, v. clean, make clean, Ps. talizwa. (Cf. Ar. tala, and
cleanse, purify, Includes
sanctify. tomea, paka^)
all kinds of cleaning. Ps. takaswa. *Tama, v. be finished, come to an
Nt. takasika. Ap. takas-ia, -iwa, end, — in Z. commonly timia, is/ia
e. g. nimemtakasia shamba, I have (which see). — a. and Tamma,
cleaned up his garden for him. Cs. final, decisive, matter.
finishing a
takas-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. follg. and E. g. shauri lake tama, halirudi,
utakaso, also syn. safisha, ena, safidi, his counsel is final arid is never re-
te7igcneza.) versed. Also as adv. finally, once
Takata, v. become clean (clear, for all, out and out, wholly. (Ar.
white), be cleansed (purified, bright- Cf. timu, timiza, timamu, and syn.
ened). Often of weather, kumetakata, mwisho.)
it has cleared up. Uwingu zune- Tama, n. and Tamma, end, con-
•
takata, the sky is clear. So also the Also in the
clusion, final stage.
Nt. takatika, e. g. moyo wake unie- phrase shika tama, meaning rest •

takatika, his mind was cleared of its the head on the hand/ sit in a de-
passions, was calmed. (Cf. takasa, jected or brooding attitude, con- —
and follg.) sidered unlucky in Z. (Kr. has
-takatifu, a. cleansed, clean, pure, tama (1) last drop, dregs, sediment
sanctified, holy. (Cf. prec. and (2) final draught (gulp, mouthful).)
syn. safi, -eupe, which, with -takatifu, *Tamaa, n. ( ), longing, desire,
best lend themselves to express a high lust, ambition, avarice, greediness.
—
moral ideal in Swahili.) Fanya (piga, -wa nd) t., desire, be
Takato, n. (ma-), cleanness, purity, ambitious, &c. A'i mtu wa t.,
serenity. (Cf. takata, and prec.) mwenyi t., yuna t., he is a covetous,
*Takia, n. {ma-), a large cushion. ambitious man. T. ya mali, love of
(Ar. Cf. mto.) money, avarice. Kata t., despair.
Tako, n. (ma-), (i) the seat, Weka kwa t., keep waiting (in sus-
buttock, ham; (2) the lower part, pense, unsatisfied). Shika t., live in
 — )

TAMALAKI 359 TAMBITZA

hopes. (Ar. Cf. tamani, and syn. which spreads over the body. (Cf.
ro/io, shauko, ktitaka.) tambaa.)
*Tamalaki, v. govern, rule, be Tambi, n. macaroni, vermicelli,
master (of), possess. (Ar. for the i. e. tambi za maandasi. Also plur.
more common form miliki.) of utambi (which see). (? Cf.
*Tamani, v. long for, desire, covet, tambo)
want, lust after, like. Ps. famaniwa. Tambika, v. used of performing
Nt. tamanika, e. g. be desired, be de- certain ceremonies, e.g. making offer-
sirable, be attractive. Cs. taman- ings at cross-ways in harvest time.
isha, -ishwa, e.g. yatamanisha sana, (Perh. not in Z.)
it is very alluring (seductive, attrac- Tambo, n. (i) a length, distance,
tive, desirable). — — and
n. ( , ;;w-), height, — but not so general in idea as
like tamaa, desire, longing, lust. urefu. E. g. pale pana tambo, that
(Ar. Cf. tamad). place is a good way (piece, stretch)
*Tamasha, n. ( — , and ma-), a off. Yule ana tambo, that is a tall
spectacle, show, pageant, that which man, — also
tambo la mtu, a tall, big
excites wonder(curiosity, amusement). man (cf. pande la mtu). (2)
(Ar. Cf. shani, ajabu, mzvujiza.) a long stride, measured step, strut,
Tamba, v. strut proudly, walk in swaggering walk, e. g. akamfuala,
a swaggering, conceited way, leap, nywna kwa tambo, and he marched
dance, — of warriors returning in
e. g. proudly after him. (3) ?a knot
triumph from a victory. Alsojitamba, (cf. /undo, and tambua). (Cf.
e.g. Waarabu wanatamba nakujisifu, tamba, tambi, 71 tambo, and the com-
the Arabs are swaggering and brag- mon dim form kitambo, also mtambo.
.

ging. (Cf. tambo, and syn. randa Tambua, v. recognize, know again,
more used in Z., and cheza.) remember, see the meaning of, dis-
Tambaa, v. creep, crawl, move cern, understand. Ps. tambuliiva.
slowly. Wadudu watambaao, insects, Nt. tambulika, e. g. mtu tva kuta-
reptiles. Inzi zamtambaa kichwani, mbulika, a well-known (remarkable,
flies are crawling on his head. Ap. distinguished) person. Hence ta-
tamba-lia, -liwa, i. e. creep up to, mbulikana, be recognizable, be intelli-
steal upon, e.g. akamtambalia hatta gible, be knowable. Ametambulikana
akamkaribia, and he crawled up to kuwa mwizi, he has been convicted
him, till he got near (cf. nyatia, of thieving. Ap. tambu-lia, -liwa.
nyemeled). Cs. tamba-za, -zwa, e.g. Cs. tambu-lisha, -lishwa, i. e. make
t. maneno, speak slowly, drawl (cf. known, expound, explain. Rp. ta-
kokoteza maneno). (Cf. -tambazi, mbzcana. (Cf. -tambuzi, utambuzi,
? tambaa, kitambaa.) and syn. fahamu, jua, and ? root of
Tambaa, n. (ma-), a piece (strip, tambo, tambaa, &c.)
length) of calico or similar stuff. *Tambuu, n. (— ), (1) leaf of the
Usually in the dim. kitambaa (which betel-plant, mtambuu; (2) a mixture
see). Also plur. of utambaa. for chewing, of which this leaf is the
Tambavu, n. (ma-), something chief ingredient, very popular in Z.
hung on the shoulders or over the See Uraibu. (Perh. a Hind, word.)
chest, e. g. charm, amulet (to protect Tambuza, v. used of smith's work,
from danger, accident, &c), also, — —
fashion by heat and hammering, beat
shoulder straps, bandolier. (?Cf. out, forge, weld, e.g. a broken knife
ubavu, or tambaa?) or hoe. Ps. tambuzwa. Nt.
-tambazi, a. creeping, crawling, tambuzika. Ap. tambuz-ia, ~iwa.
of an insect, reptile, or creeping Cs. tambuz-isha, -ishwa, e.g. have
plant. Also as n., name of a disease a thing welded (repaired by a smith),
 —
-TAMBUZI 360 TANDA
&c. (Perh. cf. tambo, i.e. a (about). (Ar. nabah, and cf. syn.
lengthening out.) angalia, jikiri, azimu.)
-tambuzi, a. clever, quick, in- *Tanafusi, v. breathe, draw
knowing, shrewd.
telligent, (Cf. breath, recover breath. (Ar. nafsi,
tambua, and syn. -juzi, -elekevu, -a for common pumzika. Cf. nafsi,
akili.) nafusi.)
Tam'ka, v. also pro- Tamuka, Tanda, v. spread, spread out,
nounce, articulate, speak in a formal spread over, be spread out (over).
(emphatic, expressive) way. Ps. The idea seems to be not of mere
tamkwa. Ap. tani'k-ia, -iwa. extension (enea) or dispersion {ta-
Cs. tam'-sha, -shwa. (Cf. follg.) wanyd), but of something that is
Tam'ko, n. (via-), act (style, way, continuous and covers. Hence
&c.) of speaking, articulation, pro- several special uses, and a large num-
nunciation, delivery, speech. Ma- ber of derivative forms. E. g. tanda
tam'ko ya maneno, ways of pronounc- kitanda, lace a bedstead (with cord
ing words. Tamko la kizungu, a of cocoanut fibre, making a strong
European accent. (Cf. tam'ka.) springy mattress). (Dist. tandika
*Tamma, n. and a. See Tama. kitanda, make a bed, i.e. supply with
*Tamu, n. ( — ), flavour, taste, sleeping mat or coverlets. )
umetanda, kumetanda, the sky is
Uwingu
and esp. of pleasant taste, sweetness,
pleasantness. Thus opp. to uchungu, overcast, it is cloudy. Jitanda,
e.g. vyakula ni tamu na uchungu, stretch oneself across (upon, over),
food is either sweet or bitter, pleasant — also jitanda nguo, cover oneself
or unpleasant. Nyama za nguruwe with clothes, put on an overcoat.
zina tamu, pork is nice to eat. Ona Tanda samaki, catch fish in an out-
tamu, enjoy, find pleasure in. Tia spread cloth, used as a net. Ps.
tamu, make pleasant, give a relish to. tandwa. —
Nt. tandika, most com-
(Ar. Cf. luththa, and follg.) monly in an Act. sense, spread out
*-tamu, a. (same with (P), D4 (over), lay out (on), cover (with), e.g.
D 5 (S), 6), Dsweet, pleasant, nice, t. mkeka kitandani (see above),
delightful, —
of all pleasures, esp. those arrange a mat on a bed, make a bed,
of sense. Sukali tamu, sugar is — also tandika kitanda. T.punda,
sweet. Maneno matamu, pleasant, harness a donkey, put saddle, &c. on,
agreeable speech. Maji ?)iatamu, — not used of putting on dress. Ta-
fresh water, as opp. to salt water. ndika nguo c/iini, lay out clothes on
Tamti ? Is it nice ? Tamu is also the ground. T. majamvi, spread
used as adv., e.g. kumemkalia tamu, mats (as carpets), &c. Cf. wengi
he has found it agreeable. (Ar. waliotandika chini, many were laid
Cf. utamu, and opp. -baya, -chtingu, low, i.e. killed. Muungti ameta-
-kali, -a cliumi>i,a.nd syn. -zuri, -ema, ndika mbingu na inchi, God spread
-a kupendeza.') out the heaven and earth. Hence
Tamvua, n. usu. in plur. ?nata- derivs. tandikwa, also tandik-ia,-iwa,
mvua, ends, tips — ofany kind of calico tand-is/ia, -ishwa, and tandikiana.
or textile fabric, and so of fringe of a E. g. wakawapa nyumba wakawa-
cloth, lappets or hanging ends of a tandikia, and they gave them houses,
turban, fluff of cotton, lint. (Cf. and furnished them (with mats, &c.)
utamvua.) for them. Ap. tand-ia, -iwa. Cs.
Tana, v. and n. See Chana. tand-isha, -ishwa. Also tand-aza,
*Tanabahi, v. give attention (to), -azwa, like tanda, tandika, but of
turn the mind to, carefully notice special objects, e.g. tandaza mtama,
and consider, form a conclusion spread out millet on a mat to dry in
 ;

TANDAMA 361 TANGUA

t. nguo.
the sun, also (Cf. tandua, (arrange a) mourning. Ondoa {vu-
tandama, tandawaa,kitanda, utando, nja) matanga, go out of (end a) mourn-
mtande, mtandio, tandiko, tando, and ing. (Cf. msiba and follg.)
also such syn. as enea, tawany a, Tanga, v. go to and fro, go from
wamba,funika.) side to side, dawdle, loiter, stroll
Tandama, v. St. be in an extended about, wander. Also Rd. tanga
position, be spread out, lie stretched tanga, move in a listless, objectless
out, e.g. of floating on the water, as way. Cs. tang-isha, -ishwa, e.g.
a crocodile or a log. Ap. ta- take for a stroll, cause to idle, &c.
ndam-ta, -iwa. Cs. tandam-isha, (Cf. mtango, tango, and follg., and
-ishwa. Rp. tandamana, of several syn. sita, zunguka, tembea.)
objects together. (Cf. tanda.) Tangaa, v. spread abroad, be in
Tandawaa, v. vogue, be current, become generally
stretch oneself at
ease, recline, loll, spread oneself out known, be published. E.g. jina
on a couch. (Cf. tanda.') lake limetangaa na ulimwengu, his
Tandiko, n. {ma-), something name is famous throughout the world.
spread out, but usu. of mats, carpets, Cs. tanga-za, -ziva (and perh. tanga-
&c, e.g. matandikoya chumbayaliyo- isha, tangisha), make known, publish
tandikwa chini, the mats with which abroad. Ap. tanga-zia, -ziwa, e.g.
the room was furnished. Also, ame??itangazia aibn yake, he made
harness, accoutrements, but only for his dishonour known. Rp. tang-
animals. (Cf. tanda.) azana. (Perh. cf. tanga, v., and
Tando, n. (ma-), something spread mtangazi.)
out, e.g. /. la buibui, a spider's web. Tangamana, Tangam'ka. See
Tando, or tandu, la macho, a film Changamana, Changam'ka.
over the eye, causing blindness. Also
(?not in Z.) tribal marks, tattooing
Tangawizi, n. ( ), ginger.—
Tangi, n. (ma-), a large wooden
(cf. chale). (Cf. tanda, and utando?) chest used for carrying fresh water

tipede.
—
Tandu, n. ( ), or Taandu, a cen- in a native vessel at sea, a water
tank.
Tandua, Rv. of tanda, e.g.
v. Tango, n. (ma-), (1) a vegetable
take off (fold up, remove) what is like a cucumber, but with a harder
laid on (spread out, &c), and so of rind, fruit of the mtango (2) aimless ;

unfurnishing a bed or room, unhar- wandering, idling, vagabondage, idle

nessing an animal, &c. Ps. ta- talk, gossip, —
alsoperplexity, trouble.
ndulia. Nt. tanduka. Ap. ta- (Cf. tanga, v.)
ndu-lia, -liwa. Cs. tandu-za, -zwa.Tangu, prep, since, from, with —
(Cf. tanda.) reference to a time or, less commonly,
—
Tanga, n. (ma-), (i) a sail, of place, regarded as a starting-point.
a vessel, of matting or canvas, e. g. Tangu lint alipokiija hapa? How
tweka t., set (hoist) sail, tua t., lower long ago was it that he came here ?
sail. Kunja t., reef sail. Matanga Tangu miaka miwili (tangu za-
kati, wind abeam. Obs. tanga mbili, mani), two years ago (a long time
of the period of shifting winds be- ago). Tangu hapa hatta huko,
tween the two monsoons, also called from here to there. (Cf. toka,
malelezi (cf. foromali, dasi). (2) a kutoka, used as*prep.)
—
formal mourning, usually in the Tangua, v. annul, abolish, annihi-
plur. matanga, lasting from three or late, invalidate, bring to nought,
four to ten days, during which friends frustrate. E. g. t. sheria, cancel a
sleep in the mourner's house. Kaa law ; /. ahadi, revoke a promise
(weka, andika) matanga, remain in t. ndoa, annul a marriage ; /. usafiki,
 TANGTTLIA 362 TAPIKA
break off friendship. kuoka chokaa, make a pile of wood
Nt. tangnka.
(A Rv. form, but no apparent con- for burning lime. Also choma t.,
nexion with tanga, v., and no deriv. i. e. burn lime.
stems in common use. Cf. follg.) Tanzi, n. ( or ma-), loop, — ,

Tangulia, v. (i) go before, go noose, slipknot, snare, trap worked

first, precede, take the lead; (2) be by a string. E. g. t. la ukambaa {la
beforehand (with), anticipate, fore- ugwe, la kutegea nyama), a noose of
stall. Sometimes tangulia mbele, cord (or string, for trapping animals).
and mbele ya, and this is more com- T. la samaki, a haul (catch, draught)
mon than construction with an ob- of fish. T. la roho, a halter.
jective
lia
person-pfx., i.e. nimetangu-
mbele yako, rather than nimeku-
—
*Tanzia, n. ( ) and Taazia,
news of a death, announcement of
tangulia. Alitangulia kuniambia, a funeral, e.g. waraka iva tanzia (also
he was the first to tell me, or, he took barua ya msiba), a written notifi-
the initiative in speaking to me. cation of a mourning. Kumpa
Cs. tanguli-za, -zwa, e. g. cause to mkono iva t., to pay a visit of condo-
go before, send on in advance, prefer, lence to him. (Ar. Cf. mbi-
give precedence to. Tanguliza rambi, hani.)
fetha, make a payment in advance. Tanzu, n. {ma-), a. bough, —but in
(No apparent connexion with tangua, Z. usually tawi.
or tanga. Cf. follg. and mtangu- Tao, n. (ma-), something curved,
lizi, and Ar. syn. lakadamu.) e. g.an arch, a bend of a river, a bay
-tangulifu, a. (same with 4 D or inlet, the hem round the bottom of
(P), D
5 (S), D
6), (1) in advance, a native dress (kanzu). E. g. njia
before others, but commonly (2) fig. inafanya matao, the road is winding.
eminent, surpassing, of superior rank (Cf. pindi, mzingo, kunjo, kombo.)
(quality). (Cf. prec. and mtangu- Tapa, n. (via-), leaf of a fan palm
lizi.) (mvumo), used by natives as an um-
Tani, adverbial phrase
n. in the brella. Sometimes Dapa.
kwa tani, on the back, —
of position, Tapa, v. shiver, tremble, shudder,
and in tanitani, kitanitani, matani- jump about convulsively. T. kwa
tani, sometimes tana, in —
same baridi, shiver with cold. Mwili
sense. (Cf. kichalichali, kingali- wanilapa, my body is shuddering.
ngali, and opp. fudifudi, and perh. Jitapa, jump about, for display (cf. —
tanua, spread out.) randa, ruka). Also tapatapa, of
Tano, n. and a. -tano, five, -a dying fish. (Cf. kitapo, mtapo,
tano, fifth. Jumaa tano, Wednes- ? tapika. )
day. See Juma. (Ar. hainsi, also Tapakaa, v. be scattered about, be
used.) spread abroad, be here and there,
Tanua, v. open wide, stretch infest, be dotted about, e. g. of the
apart, widen, expand, make room stars in the sky, of a flood, robbers,
by. E. g. tanua miguu, take long &c. (Cf. follg.)
strides ; t. kinwa, open the mouth Tapanya, v. scatter about, dis-
wide; t. mashtia, push off a boat. perse, throw away, waste, dissipate.
Ps. tanuliwa. Nt. tanuka. Ap. T. mali, be prodigal. Nt. tapany~
tanu-lia, -liwa. (Cf. tani, and also ika, e. g. of water in a flood. Rp.
tanda, panua.) tapanyikana, of people dispersing in
Tanuu, n. (— ), also Tanuru, different directions. Cs. tapan-isha,
Tanu, native lime-kiln, i. e. lime- -ishwa. (Cf. tapakaa, and ta-
. stone piled on a circular heap of logs wanya.)
and burnt. E. g. jenga tami ya Tapika, v. vomit, be sick. Cs.
 —
TAPISHI 363 TASBIHI
tapi-sha, -skwa, cause to vomit, act border or edging, woven on to turbans
as an emetic. (Cf. follg.) or waistcloths in Z., giving the effect
Tapishi, n. (ma-), vomit. Tapi- of a narrow ornamental braid of silk.
sho, n. {ma-), that which causesvomit- (Ar. Cf. tarizi.)
ing, an emetic. (Cf. tapika.) *Tarazaki, same as Ruzuku
v.
Tapo, n. (ma-), a. lot (troop, num- (which see). (Ar. Cf. riziki.)
ber) of men or animals, esp. of a — —
*Tari, n. ( ), a tambourine or
division (detachment, regiment) of small drum, used in various half-
fighting men. (A tapo would be social, half-religious ceremonies.
part of &jeshi, or kzmdi. Cf. kikosi.) (Cf. ngoma.)
*Tarabe, n. used to describe a *Tarihi, n. ( ), —
date, annals,
door or window of wood, strong and chronicle, journal, history, esp. of —
framed, not that of a native hut. date of birth, e.g. tarihi yako into.
E. g. ??ilango wa tarabe, tarabe ya ndani ya hirizi, your date (of birth)
dirisha. (? Ar. tarib, arb, firm.) is inside the charm. As a specimen,
*Tarabushi, n. and Tarbushi, nikazaliwa katika mwezi wa Rehaji,
a fez, red cap with tassel. (Ar. siku ya jtwiaa a tatu mzvezi kwni na
Cf. kojia.) tatu kwa saa ya sita athtturi, scne
*Tarafu,
duty, work, task.
n. ( — ), part,
(Ar.
business,
Cf. syn.
(i.e. Ar. for mwakd) 1285, I was
born at noon on Monday the 13th of
shughuli, kazi.) Rehaji, 1285.
*Taraja, v. hope, be confident, *Tariki, n. road, path, way.
expect. Ps. tarajitva. Nt. (Arab, for njia.)
tarajika. Ap. taraj-ia, -iwa, e. g. *Tarishi, n. (ma-), a swift runner,
hope for (about, in). (Ar. Cf. special messenger, postman, courier,
titmai, tumaini.) express. (Ar.)
*Tarakimu, n. a written character, *Tarizi, v. weave a border (to),
letter, numeral, figure. (Ar. Cf. make an embroidered edging (on),
harufii, sifuri.) i. usually a coloured silk braid-like
e.

*Tarathia, v. try to satisfy, make border to a turban, or waistcloth, or

apologies (to), conciliate, expostulate lines of stitched work on the wrists
(with), remonstrate (with), urge ob- and front of a native dress (kanzu).
jections (to). Ps. tarathiwa. — n. like taraza, woven border,
Nt. tarathika. Cs. tarath-isha, stitched edging. (Ar.)
-ishwa. (Ar., same root as rithi, Taruma, n. (ma-), also Turuma,
urathi, &c.) Toruma, any piece of wood used

(i)
*Taratibu,n.(
arrangement, method, system,
—),andUtaratibu, to stiffen or strengthen a structure or
framework, e. g. iedge, support, strut,
neatness, order (2) quietness, slow-
;
spoke (of a wheel), rib (of a vessel),
ness, gentleness. Fanya (shika) t., thwart.
be orderly, quiet, &c.
taratibti as adv., in a regular, steady,
Kwa t. and Tasa, n. ( — ) and Tassa,
small metal vessel, cup, jug, mug,
(1) any

quiet, slow, easy-going way. Also basin, saucer, spittoon, usually of —

as adj. and
sometimes -taratibu, copper, brass, or tin. (2) a game of
quiet, slow, regular, &c. Uwapo touch (Str.).
mtaratibu, hu?nskinda mwenyi Tasa, a. (anft Tassa), barren, that
ngiivu, i. e. method goes further than has produced offspring once only,
force, quietness than violence, &c. of any living creature. Opp. to
(Ar. Cf. utaratibit, ratibu, and syn. -zazi. (Cf. ulasa.)
upole, kawaida, kiasi.) *Tasbihi, n. ( — ), (1), praise,

—
*Taraza, n. ( ), also Tarizi, a ascription of praise, to God; (2)
 TASHWISHI 364 TAWA
a Mahommedan rosary, for recording statement. (Cf. tatua, tatanua,
praises and prayers. Salt t., recite tatizo, mtatio, and dist. tata, plur. of
prayers by a rosary. Vuta urathi utata.)
kwa t., obtain grace by use of the Tataga, v. make a crossing (with),
rosary. (Ar. sabbak. Cf. himidi, get across, lay across. E. g. tataga
hemdi, sifu, sifa.) mti mtoni, lay a tree as a bridge
*Tashwishi, n. —( ), doubt, per- across a river.
Tatanua,
(Cf. mtatago,
and Tatanyua,
ulalo.)
plexity. (Ar. for the more com- v. (1)
mon mashaka. fathaa.) unravel, unwind ; (2) fig. clear up
*Taslimu, n. direct delivery, a complication, disentangle, simplify,
prompt (cash) payment. E. g. extricate, explain. Nt. tatanuka.
nunua taslimu, buy for ready money, fM
Rv. of tatana. See Tata.)
i. e. mkono kwa mkono. (Ar. Cf. Tatizo, n. (ma-), entanglement,
salimu.) complication, difficulty. (Cf. tata.)
Tassa, v. not often heard in Z. Tatu, n. and a. -tatu {tata with
Used with Negat. pfxs. only, but not D 4 (P), D 6 (P)), three. -a tatu,
changing the final -a to i in the third. (Cf. Ar. thelatha, also
Present, and only as a kind of auxili- sometimes used. Obs. the possi-
ary before another verb in the Infini- bility in Swahili of such a word as
tive. Be beforehand with, manage mtatu, for a single threefold person.')
'

(to)) get (to), finish (doing), what Tatua, v. also Tataua, Rv. of
the following verb implies, e.g. tata, (1) disentangle a tangle, cut a
sitassa kuandika, I have not yet knot, solve a difficulty, e.g. tatua
written. tata ; but mostly (2) tear, rend,
Tassa, n. See Tasa. cleave, rip open or apart. E.g.
—
*Taswira, n. ( ), picture, like- tatua nguo, tear clothes (cf. rarua,
ness, painting, portrait. (Ar. Cf. pasua, tumbua). Ps. tatuliwa.
mfano, metkali, sanamu, sura.) Nt. tatuka, with an Ap. tatuk-ia, -iwa,
Tata, v. be in a tangle, be compli- e. g. ametatukiwa nguo, he has got
cated, be in confusion, but usually in his clothes torn for him. Hence
the Nt. tatika. Ap. tat-ia, -iwa, tatukaua. Ap. tatu-lia, -liwa.
~ika, (i) makea tangle of; (2) wind Cs. tatu-lisha, -lishwa. (Cf. tata,
up in a skein or ball (3) puzzle,
;
and syn. above, rarua, &c.)
perplex, make difficulties. E. g. *Taumu, n. (m-), prop, shore,
tatia uzi kijitini, wind thread on —
support, for a vessel ashore (Kr.).
a stick. Tatia kilemba, arrange the (Cf. gadi, and legemeo.)
folds of a turban. Also of a serpent
coiling round its prey. Hence tatiana. an epidemic.
—
*Tauni, n. ( ), plague, pestilence,
(Ar. Cf. ugonjwa,
Also tat-iza, -izwa, tatiz-ia, -iwa marat/ii.)
(Cs. tatizana), like tatia, entangle,
wind, cause a complication, perplex.
—
*Tausi, n. ( ), a peacock. (Ar.)
Tawa, v. (1) remain indoors, live
Rp. tatana, be in a tangle, be puz- in seclusion, esp. for a moral or —
zled, e.g. of interlacing foliage, of religious object, and so (2) not gad
confused statements. Vyombo vina- about, live a quiet, moral, religious
tatana katika bandari, the dhows are life. Ap. taw-ia, -iwa. Cs.
all huddling together in the harbour. taw-isha, -ishwa, e. g. kijana mwa-
Hence tatan-ia, -iwa. Also tatan- namke akipata miaka sita huta-
is/ia, -ishwa. —
n. usu. in plur. wishwa, a girl, when six years old,
matata, tangle, mess, difficulty, per- is generally confined to the house.
,
plexity, &c. E. g. tata la uzi, tangled (Cf. follg. and ?nta wa, titdwa, which
thread. Tata la maneno, a puzzling appear the same, and of Ar. origin.)
 •TAWA 365 TEGA
-tawa, a. remaining indoors, choos- Taya, v. reproach, rebuke, blame.
ing seclusion, devout, religious. (Cf. Not common in Z. (Cf. tayo, and
prec.) syn. shutumzi, laumu, stita.)

saucepan.
—
Tawa, n. ( and ma-), frying-pan,
,

chungu, kango.)
(Cf.
*Tayari,
hand. Tanya (weka)
a. ready,
t.,
prepared, at
make ready,
Tawafa, — a candle.
n. ( ), (Cf. prepare. — v. be ready. (Hind.
syn. meshmaa.) Cf. andaa.)
*Tawakali, put trust in, have
v. *Tayi, a. and Tai, obedient. See
confidence (in), rely on, take courage, -tii. (Ar.)
hope. E.g. tawakili kwa Mtiungu, Tayo, n. (ma-), reproach, rebuke.
trust in God. (Ar. Cf. wakili, (Cf. taya, and syn. shutumu, laumu,
and syn. amini, tumaini.) suto.)
*Tawala, v. become governor (of), Tazama, v. look (at), gaze (at), fix
govern, rule. the eyes (on), contemplate, examine,
Ps. tawaliwa. Nt.
tawalika. Ap. tawal-ia, observe, test. Ps. tazamwa.
-iwa. Nt.
Cs. tawal-isha, -ishwa, and commonly tazamika, e.g. (1) be looked at; (2)
tawaza, tawazwa, e. g. cause to rule, be fit to be looked at, be desirable
instal as ruler, set on the t»xrone, (pleasant) to the eyes, be noteworthy.
celebrate the coronation of. (Ar. Jitazama, look at one's face in a
Cf. wait, liwali, and syn. milikisha.) glass. Ap. tazam-ia, -iwa, e. g.
Tawanya, v. scatter abroad, dis- look into, examine closely, inspect,
perse, distribute, dissipate, throw review, look with, see with. Dnra-
away. E. g. tawanya mbegu (mali, bini ya kutazamia, a telescope to
adui), scatter seed ^money, enemies). look through. T. kazi, examine
Ps. tawanyiwa. Nt. tawanyika. work. Tazamiwa na mganga, be
Ap. tawany-ia, -iwa. Cs. ta- examined by a doctor. Jitazamia
wany-isha, -ishwa, intens. (Cf. (moyo), examine oneself (conscience).
follg. mtawanya and tapanya.) Cs. tazam-isha, -ishwa, e.g. attract
Tawanyiko, n. {ma-), scattering, the eye, draw attention, be attractive
wasting, throwing away. (Cf. (to). Also intens. gaze intently.
prec.) Rp. taza?7iana. (Cf. follg. and
*Tawashi, n. (ma-), also To- ona, of perception generally, and syn.
washi, a eunuch. (Ar. Cf. angalia, chungulia, kagua.)
m/iassi.) Tazamo, n. (ma-), look, glance,
*Tawaza, v. perform ceremonial gaze. (Cf. prec. and syn. Ar. na-
ablution, — esp. as to the feet, i.e. thari.)
tawaza miguu, as dist. from nawa, *Tazia, n. condolence. See Ta-
chamba (which see). (Ar. wathu. nzia, Taazia. (Ar.)
Dist. tawaza, Cs. of tazvala.) Tega, v.(1) set ready, put in
Tawi, n. (ma-), (i) bough, branch position, prepare, —
esp. of a trap,
(of a tree) (2) stem with growing
;
and so (2) snare, entrap, decoy,
fruit or grain, bunch, cluster, ear, catch, and (3) fig. try to deceive,
e.g. t. la nazi, bunch of cocoanuts, beguile. E.g. /. mtego, set a trap.
.t. la mzabibu (la mtende), bunch of T. sikio, listen, give ear to, prepare
grapes (dates). Ncha (shina) ya t., to hear. T. kitendawili, propound
tip (stem) of the branch (bunch). a riddle, —
the'Aallenge being Kite-
(Cf. kitawi, and utawi, with plur. ndawili! Here is a riddle, and the —
tawi, which dist.) reply Tega, Propound it, let us hear
Taya, (ma-), jaw, jaw-bone.
n. it. Akajitega na uta wake, he put
Tia katamu tayani mwa fiinda, himself ready with his bow. Tega
put the bridle on the donkey's jaw. ndege kwa tanzi, snare birds with
 '

TEGEMEA 366 TEKUA

a noose. Ps. tegwa.
Nt. tegeka. e. g. /. mji, plunder a town t. inchi,
;

Ap. -ewa.
teg-ea, Cs. teg-esha, ravage a country; t. watte na ngombe,
-eshwit. Rp. tegana. (Cf. mtego, carry off people and cattle. Ps.
tego, tegua, and syn. nasa, guia, tekwa, in both senses, e. g. kisima
kamata.) kilichotekwa maji, a well from which
Tegemea, v. (i) lean upon, rest water was drawn. Tumetekzva, we
on, be propped upon ; (a) fig. trust are prisoners of war. Ap. tek-ea,
(to), find protection (in), rely (upon). -eiva. Obs. tekewa akili, be be-
E.g. alimtegemea mkono, he leaned wildered, lose one's senses (like po-
on his arm. Nyumba inategemea tewa, rukwa na akili). Cs. tekana.
mti, the house is supported by a tree. Teke, n. {ma-), a kick. Piga teke,
Also with kwa, e. g. tegemea kwa kick, v.
Mutingu {Sultani), trust to Provi- Teke, a. also -teke and Teke-
dence (the Sultan). Ps. tegemewa. teke, (1) soft, yielding; (2) weak,
Ap. tegem-eza, -ezwa, g. cause to
e. feeble. Nyama tender meat.
teke,
rest on, prop up, support, buttress, Mtu teke, a soft, weak-spirited person.
protect, sustain. T. chombo, prop, Mtihindi mteke, Indian corn in a soft
or shore up, a vessel (cf. gadimu). half-ripe state. Ttmda teke, a soft
T. miguu, rest one leg on the other. over-ripe fruit. (Cf. (1) -ororo,
(Cf. follg. and egemea, —
a variant laini, (2) thaifu, dufti.)
with less general meaning.) Tekea, v. and Tekewa. See
Tegemeo, n. {ma-), prop, buttress, Teka.
support, protection. Katika mate- Tekelea, v. (1) arrive (at), reach,
'
gemeo yangu halikupati kitu, under come to; (2) be accomplished, be
my protection nothing can get at carried through, come to its end.
you. (Cf. prec, and syn. nguzo, E. g. wakati umete'kelea, the time
hamaya, tunza.) has arrived. Ahadi imetekelea, the
Tego, n. {ma-), a powerful charm, promise is fulfilled. Ps. tekelewa.
capable of causing disease and death. Cs. tekeleza, fulfil, execute, carry out.
(Cf. tega, mtego.) (Cf. tekeza, — apparently from a root
Tegu, n. {ma-), a tapeworm. teka, syn. Jika. Dist. teka, see above.)
Tegua, v. Rv. of tega, let a trap Tekenya, v. tickle. Ps. teke-
go off, remove a snare or spell, nywa. Rp. tekenyana. —
n.
take away what was set ready or {ma-), a jigger, —
a burrowing flea.
specially placed, take off the fire, put Teketea, v. be consumed, be de-
out of joint, sprain. Thus t. mtambo, stroyed, be ruined, —
commonly in
let off a spring-trap. T. ziganga, the literal sense and by fire, i.e.
—
take off a spell, also ./. tego. T. teketea moto, or kwa moto, be burnt
mguti, sprain the ankle. Ps. tegu- —
up, but also of the effects of a storm,
liwa. Nt. teguka (sometimes teu- maskamba yote yameteketea, all the
ka). Ap. tegu-lia, -liwa. (Cf. plantations were ruined. Cs. teket-
tega, tego, mtego, and for sprain ' eza, -ezwa, burn, destroy by fire.
stuka, stusha. Also tekua or tegua (?) (Cf. choma, angamia, potea.)
for telekua.) Tekeza, v. cause to arrive, bring
*Teitei, n. {ma-), frock, gown. to an end. E. g. t. chombo pwani,
Teka, v. (i) take, take up, carry bring a vessel to the shore. T. roho,
off, — of water
from a well, e. g. teka die. (Cf. syn. fikiza, and tekelea.
maji kisimani, draw water at the Dist. teka, take off.)
well. But otherwise almost always Tekua, v. break down, break up.
implying violence, i. e. (2) plunder, See Ekua, which is a variant, also
ravage, ransack, capture by force, Wekua. Also for telekua, teekua,
 —
TELE 367 TEMBO
e. tekaa chungu mekoni, take a
g. *Telki, n. the quick ambling step
cooking pot off the fire. See Tele- of a donkey, half walk, half run.
kua. Enda telki, step quickly, go at a trot
Tele, n. plenty, abundance,and or run. (Ar. Cf. common syn. B.
a. plentiful, many, much, abundant. mbio.)
Maji tele, or ya tele, plenty of water. Tema, v. (1) cut, slash, cut up,
Alimpa tele, he gave him a quantity. cut in strips, e. g. with a knife, sword,
(Cf. syn. -ingi, marithawa. Dist. or tool. T. mitt (??iiwa, hunt), cut
ieli.
)
down (small) trees (sugar-cane, fire-
.Telea, v. come (go) down, descend, wood). T. nakshi, carve. T. ulimi,
—
disembark, but in Z. only in tele- cut a tenon. (2) spit out, expec-
m'ha (which see). Cs.teleza,e.g. torate. T. mate (kikohozi), spit out
(i) cause to come down, cause to saliva (phlegm). Ps. temwa. Nt.
fall ; and so (2) be slippery. Also (3) temeka. Ap. tem-ea, -ewa. Cs.
intens. by slipping.
slip, slide, fall tem-esha, -eshwa. (Cf. kata, chonga,
Ameteleza kwa mignu akaanguka, his chanja, pasua.)
feet slipped and he fell. Inchi yate- Tembe, n. ( ), a hen full-grown
Hence but not yet laying.
—
leza, the ground is slippery. (Cf. kuku,
ielezesha, cause to slip, make slide. koo.)
(Cf. utelezi, telezi.) Tembea, v. go about, take a walk,
Teleka, v. (1) put on the fire, stroll, wander, take exercise, go on
both of cooking pot and the food in a tour, usually for pleasure, not —
it. In full, /. chungu motoni, put a point to point walking, but also of
'
'

pot on the fire. Hence (2) cook, a business round. Sometimes (like
boil (water), prepare food. Ps. ztwguka) of a loose, unprincipled,
ielekwa. Ap. telek-ea, -ewa, e. g. immoral way of living. E.g. ame-
chungu cha kutelekea maji, a pot to kwenda tembea, he has gone for a
boil water in. Cs. telek-eza, -ezwa, walk. Akili zake zatembea, his mind
e. g.cause to put on the fire, get is wandering. Pa kutembea, a pleasure-
cooking done, get a meal prepared. ground. Ap. temb-elea, -elewa, e. g.
Tumepumzika na hut., we rested and go to visit, call on, walk about in,
got a regular meal. &c. Jitembelea, go a stroll, go on
Telekua, v. and Tekua, Tegua, a pleasure trip. Fimbo ya kutemb-
take off the —
fire, Rv. of teleka. elea, a fancy walking-stick. Rp.
(Cf. epua, t'pua.) tembeleana, call on each other, be on
Telemua, v. cause to go down visiting terms. Cs. temb-eza, -ezwa,
(fall down, slip down), pull down, cause to walk about, — and so, hawk
&c. Nt. telemuka, or televtka, go about for sale, advertise, parade,
down, descend, slope downwards, make a show of, send (employ) to
run (slide, fall), down a steep place. sell goods, show (a stranger) round
(Cf. follg. and telea, also syn. shuka, a town, &c. Chema chajiuza, kibaya
angtika, poromoha.) chajitembeza, a good thing sells itself,
Telemuko, n. {ma-), and Tele- a bad thing tries to (and fails). (Cf.
m'ko, act (manner, place, &c.) of follg.)
going down, descent, slope, declivity, Tembezi, n. usu. in plur. mate-
hill, fall of the ground, downward mbezi, a walk ,*str oil, tour, walking
tendency. (Cf. prec. and mshuho.) exercise, &c. (Cf. tembea, tite-
*Teli, n. gold thread, gold braid. mbezi.)
Also teli ya thahabu, gold thread, Tembo, n. (1) an elephant, the —
teli yafetha, silver thread. (Hind. regular word in Z. but elsewhere
Cf. tizi, zari.) often ndofu. Mkono wa tembo, trunk
 TEMSI 368 TENGENEA
of an elephant, — also the name of a Also tendeana. Ap. tend-ea, -ewa,
species of banana. (2) palm-wine, e.g. do to (for, on behalf of, with,
the fermented sap of the cocoanut in, against), —
commonly of favour-
tree (cf. gema). (3) name of a fish. able treatment (see above). Cs.
*Temsi, n. filigree work. tend-esha, -eshwa, -eza, -ezwa. Kp.
Tena, adv. and conj., then, second- tendana. (Cf. as above, and
ly, further, in addition, —
also, next, utenzi.)
still,again, afterwards. A
common —
Tende, n. ( ), (1) fruit of the
connective of sentences, like hatta
and na, denoting sequence, succession,
date palm mtende, a date, grown —
in small quantities in Z., but largely
repetition. Nimesema tena na tena, imported from Arabia. Hence rudi-
I have said it again and again. Na sha tende Manga, send dates back to
tena? and then? what next? Aka- Arabia, —
of proverbial folly. (2)
mpiga tena, and he beat him a second also teende, swelling of the limbs,
time, again. (Kr. suggests a con- elephantiasis.
nexion with the Ar. root of the second Tendegu, n. (ma-), leg of a native
numeral, e. g. in miteen, two hun- bedstead. (Cf. kitanda.)
dred.) Tenga, v. separate, set (put, move,
Tenda, v. do, act, practise. The take) apart remove, with-
(aside),
most common and comprehensive draw, divide Jitenga, withdraw
off.
word denoting action, operation, use oneself, move out of the way. Ps.
of energy or force (cf. tendo, tengwa. Nt. tengeka. Ap. teng-
kitendo, utendaji). Often synonymous ea, -ewa Cs. teng-esha, -eshwa,
with /anya, e. g. tenda kazi, fanya -eza, -ezwa. Rp. tengana. (Cf.
kazi, tenda vema, fanya vema, but also tengo, tengano, and syn. ondoa, weka
broadly contrasted with it, as do with mbati, farikisha, and dist. tengea,
make, action or operation with pro- tengeza, follg.)
duction. See Fanya. The simple Tengea, Tengeza, v. also Teng-
stem tenda, when used with a direct elea, Tengeleza, Tengeleka, v.
personal object, denotes not only are variants of tengenea, &c. with
direct acting upon, or treatment of, same meanings.
the person, but also commonly un- Tengenea, v. (with variants as
favourable action or bad treatment prec), be settled, be arranged, be in
(cf. a similar use of the simple stems, good order, be in state of comfort
fanya, sema, am fid), in contrast to (rest, well-being, &c). E. g. duka
the Ap. form of the stem, implying limetengenea, the shop is duly fur-
favourable action and treatment. nished (stocked, fitted, ready). Upepo
E. g. aktitendaye umtende, do harm limetengenea, the wind is steady,
to him who does harm to you. has regularly set in. Chombo lime-
Sungtira amenitenda leo, the rabbit tengenea, the vessel is in good order
has done (what he liked to) me to- (in trim). (So tengea, tengelea.)
day. —n. jitenda, sometimes act Cs. tengen-eza, -ezwa, also tengeza,
as, pretend to be, make oneself. tengeleza, put to rights, repair, put
Ps. tendwa, e. g. a)netendwa mengi, in order, arrange, correct, settle,
he has endured much ill-treatment. bring to a happy conclusion, make
Nt. tendeka, e. g. be done, be prac- comfortable. E. g.jumbe hutengeneza
ticable, —
and hence, tendekeza, i.e. shughuli za inchi yake, the chief ad-
cause to be practicable, andjitendekeza, ministers the affairs of his country.
(1) get to be able to do, learn by Miitmgu haharibu neno, ilia hu-
practise, achieve and also (2) make tengeneza neno, God's work is not
;

a display, show off an achievement. to destroy, but to set right. Hence

 TENGENEO 369 TH
tengenezeka (tengezeka). Also te- (Cf. teto, and syn. bisha, zuia,
ngenezana. (Cf. follg. and syn. shindana.)
ongoa, fanyiza.) Tete, grain fully formed, but
n.
Tengeneo, n. (ma-), arrangement, not fullyripe or hard. Tete za
orderly disposition, administration, mtama, or mtama tete, of millet in
regulation. (Cf. prec., and syn. this stage. Chicken-pox is called
daraka, maongozi.) tete za kwanga, also tete kwanga,
Tengo, n. (ma-), outrigger, — of a titiwanga.)
canoe. (Cf. galazva.) Tetea, v. cackle, — of a hen.
Tengua, Rv. of tenga, with
v. Tetema, tremble, shake, quake,
v.
similar meaning, —
move off, put on quiver. Commonly in the Nt., i. e.
one side. Nt. tenguka. (Cf. tetemeka, e. g. natetemeka kwa homa.
tenga.) I am shivering with fever, i. e. in the
Tepetea, be utterly slack (idle,
v. cold stage of malarious fever. Inchi
indolent, listless, unstrung, relaxed). inatete??ieka, the earth quakes. Cs.
and legea.)
(Cf. follg. tetem-esha, -eshwa. (Cf. follg. and
-tepetevu, a. lazy, listless, slack, tikisa, stika.)
&c. (Cf. prec, and syn. -legefu, Tetemeko (ma-), also Tetemo,
-vivn, -zembe.) shaking, trembling, shivering. (Cf.
Teremea, v. and Terema, be at tetema.)
ease, be free from care and anxiety, Teteri, n. name of a small kind of
be cheerful (happy, comfortable). dove.
Nt. teremeka (in same sense). Cs. Teto, n. (ma-), objection, argu-
terem-esha,-eshwa. Teremesha ?ngeni, ment, plea, protest. (Cf. teta.)
make a guest comfortable, at his Teua, v. (1) choose, select, pick
ease, e. g. cheer up, gladden, relieve, out; (2) be dainty, critical, fastidious.
put at ease. (Cf. mteremo, mtere- (Chagna is commonly used in Z.)
meshi, and syn. changani'ka, cheka.) Ps. teuliwa. Nt. tenlika. (Cf.
Tesa, v. afflict, cause trouble (pain, -teide,mteua, mteuzi.)
anxiety, loss) to, persecute, harass, Teuka, v. be put out of place, be
tease, &c. Ps. teswa. Nt. teseka. strained (sprained), a variant of —
Ap. tes-ea, -ewa. Cs. tese-sha, -shwa. teguka (which see).
Rp. tesana, whence tesanya (na), as a -teule, a. (same with D
4 (P),
Cs., i. e. set at variance (with). (Cf. D 5 (S), D 6), choice, select, eligible,
mtesi, utesi, teso, and syn. siimbua, of best quality. (Cf. teua, -e being
uthi, chokoza.) a passive termination.)
Teso, (ma-), suffering, affliction,
n. -teuzi, a. dainty, fastidious, critical.
pain, trial, persecution, adversity. (Cf. teua, mteuzi.)
(Cf. tesa, umivu, uthia.) —
*Tezi, n. ( ), (1) stern, poop, of —
Teta, v. (i ) act or speak strongly, a ship (cf. shetri) (2) a tumour,
strive, insist, —
but generally (2) glandular swelling, goitre, wen.
;

oppose (by word or action), act or TH, as used in this book, repre-
speak against, obstruct, contradict, sents the same sounds as in English,
protest, dispute, quarrel, go to law. i. e. th both in then and thin. These
Often with na, e. g. ameteta nami, he sounds in Swahili words represent the
disputed with me. Ps. tetewa. four Arabic consonants tha, thai,
Nt. teteka. Ap. tet-ea, -ewa, e. g. thad, and thah, —
the three latter
act (speak) for (against, in, at, &c), being pronounced as th in then. To
defend, attack, oppose, support). represent this latter sound, Dh, D,
Cs. tet-esha, -cshwa. Rp. tetana, and Z are regularly used in much
e. g. quarrel, wrangle, be at enmity. of the increasing Swahili printed
B b
 THABIHTT 370 THAMMA
literature, while the th of thin is wretched. (Ar. Cf. thaifu, and
written as th or s. Bishop Steere's maskini, hohe hahe , fukara.)
practice is, however, here adhered to, *Th.alimu, a. unjust, oppressive,
as not only convenient, but practically tyrannical, fraudulent, violent. Some-
sufficient, if the following rule is times as v. be unjust, &c, but
remembered. Always pronounce th commonly thulumu. (Ar. Cf.
as in then, except (i) in numerals uthaliviu, thulumu, and syn. jeuri,
involving the Arabic words for 2, 3, -korofi.)
and 8, e. g. thelatha, thenashara, *Thama, conj. See Thamma.
themanini, &c. ;(2) rithi, inherit, (Ar.)
thubutu, make firm, and their cog- *7$amana, n. ( ), a surety, —
nates (3) hadithi, thawabu, thamani,
;
guarantee, warrant, certificate, bail.
metkali, and some other words of Weka th., find bail, give surety.
little practical importance, —
in which (Ar. Cf. thamini, and amana.)
cases th is pronounced as in thin. *77zamani, n. ( —
), price, value,
Words not found under Th may be estimation. -a thamani, valuable,
looked for under Z or S. When precious. —
v. value, appraise,
initial th is to be pronounced as in put a value on, price. Ps. tha-
thin, Th is printed in italics. Obs. maniwa. Nt. thamanika. Cs.
In a few words Th is used in Swahili thaman-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf.
for the Arab, consonant Shin, e. g. kadiri, kima, bei, and dist. zamani,
thelnji,
"
snow, themanini, eighty, often written thamani, or dh.)
&c. *Thambi, n. ( — , and ma-), crime,

offering, — —
*Thabihu, n. ( ), a sacrifice, an
both act and object. Some-
religious offence, sin, i. e. offence of
the worst class (worse than hatiya,
times also v. sacrifice, offer. (Ar. and kosa), but from the Mahom-
Cf. mathbahti, altar, mathbuha, medan point of view, i. e. formal
victim, and syn. sadaka, kafara, and utilitarian rather than moral.
toleo.) (ArO
*77*abiti, a. (1) firm, strong; (2) *7^amini, v. guarantee, become
resolute, brave, steadfast, —
of persons surety, be sponsor, give bail, go bail.
and things. (Ar. Cf. thubutu, Huyu amemthamini rajikiye, this
uthabiti, and syn. -gumu, man has gone bail for his friend.
i?)iara,
-shtcpafu.) Tujne7nthamini kama tutamlipa, we
*Thahabu, n. gold. (Ar. For have certified him that we will pay
metals cf. madini.) him. (Ar. Cf. thamana, and
*Thahiri, a. evident, plain, clear. amana.)
Also as v. make clear, explain, show. *Thamiri, n. thought, mind,
(Ar. Cf. thihirisha, uthahiri, and inner consciousness, conscience. Ni
syn. wazi, baini.) thamiri yake kufanya vita, his real
*Thaifu, a. and-thaifu, (i)weak, intention is to make war. Also as
feeble, infirm, powerless; (2) of a v. think of, intend, e. g. akamsamehe
poor quality, deficient, insignificant, kwa yale aliyothamiria, and he for-
mean, base, despicable. E. g. ki- gave him the thoughts of his heart.
jumba cha tidongo thaifu, a mud (Ar. Cf. thana, nia, husudi, wazo,
hovel is not stable. Killa kitendo moyo.)
thaifu kiko kwake, he is an example *Thamma, conj. (1) alike, equally,
of every kind of baseness. (Ar. therewith, at the same time (cf.
Cf. thoojika, uthaifu, and syn. thalili, mamojd) (2) then, next, also, too.
;

hafifu, -nyonge.) E. g. thamma wamwonapo na wasi-

*Thalili, a. low, poor, abject, pomzvona, alike whether they see him
 THAW A 371 THIKI
or not. Thatnma na wewe, and you * Z7zemantashara, n. and a., eigh-
as well. (Ar.) teen, -a th., eighteenth. (Ar. Cf.
*Thana,
notion, suspicion.
— n. ( ), thought,
(Ar.
idea,
Cf. follg.)
prec.)
* 77^emuni,n. and a. also Z^umuni,
*Thani, think, be of opinion,
v. Z^umni, an eighth (fractional) part.
fancy, suppose, suspect. Ap. Nussu ya themuni, a sixteenth part.
than-ia, -iwa, think of (about, in Used of a quarter rupee, i. e. an
favour of, against, &c), suspect. eighth of a dollar, — about four-
E. g. amethaniwa mwivi, he is sus- pence.
pected of being a thief. (Ar. Cf. *Z%enashara, n. and a., twelve.
thana, and syn. jikiri, waza, nia.) -a th., twelfth. (Ar. Cf. follg.
*Thara, n. usually in plur., i. e. and ashara.)
mathara, hurt, harm, violence. *Z7zeneen, n. and a., two, — but
(Ar. thuru,
Cf. and syn. jeuri, usually pili, -wili, in Z. (Ar.
thulumu, hasara.) ithneen. Cf. prec.)
*Tharau, v.scorn, slight, despise, *Thih.aka, n. (
— ), mockery, ridi-
treat with contempt, insult. Ps. cule, scorn. Cf. follg., and
(Ar.
tharauliwa. Nt. tharaulika. Ap. syn. mzaha, ubishi, mcheko.)
tharau-lia, -liwa. Cs. tharau-lisha, *Thihaki, v. ridicule, mock, de-
-lishwa. —
n. scorn, contempt, ride, make fun
E. g. kunithihaki, of.
insult. E. g. usifanye tharau yako, kunifanya (ktmifanyizia) thihaka,
do not bring contempt on yourself. to mock me. Ps. thihakiwa. Nt.
(Ar. Cf. tweza, hizi, ttisha,jithulia.) thihakika. Ap. thihak-ia, 'iwa.
—
*Tharuba, n. ( ), also Thoruba, Cs. thihak-isha, -ishwa.
describes anything sudden and violent, *Thihiri, v. make plain, be plain,
e. g. (i) stroke, blow, rush, blow of — —
but usu. in deriv. stems. Ps. thihiri-
an axe, charge of an elephant, a wa, e. g. (1) exposure for sale, show ;
sudden calamity. Thdruba moja, (2) make clear, explain. Nt. thihi-
at a blow, in a moment, all of a rika. Ap. thihir-ia, -iwa. Cs.
sudden. (2) in arithmetic, multi- thihir-isha, -ishwa, make plain, ex-
plication (3) a hurricane, storm of plain, show clearly.
;
(Ar. Cf.
wind and rain, tempest. (Ar., and thahiri, and syn. eleza, fafanua,
obs. Ar. zaaba, a storm, which seems baini.)
confused with it. Cf. syn. ghdfula, -thihirifu, a. clear, evident, plain,
marra moja, and for 'storm' tufane.) like thahiri. (Cf. prec.)
*Thawabu, n. ( ), a reward, — *Thii, v. (1) waste away, pine, be
gift, —but esp. as from God. (Ar. spoiled, be consumed (2) be hard ;

Cf. for gifts generally bakshishi.) driven, be ruined, be distressed. Ps.

*Z7zelatha, n. and a., three, but thiiwa. — Nt. thiika. E. g. nguo
usually tatu in Z. (Ar. Cf. zimethiika, the clothes are spoilt
thehith, thelitashara, thelathiiii.) (eaten away). Cs. thiisha,thiishwa.
—
*Theluji, n. ( ), snow. Natives E. g. mchwa wanathiisha nyumba,
compare it with mac hie ha ya nazi, the white ants are spoiling the house.
grated cocoanut. (Ar.) Muungu anamthiisha, God is send-
*Z#eluthi, n. a third (fractional) ing him ruin% (Ar. Cf. uthia,
part. (Ar. Cf. thelatha.) tithi, and follg., and syn. chakaa,
*Z$emani, n. and a., also The- angamia, Jijia.)
manya, eight, —but usually nane in Z. *Thiki, v. press hard on, put in
(Ar. and themnm.)
Cf. follg. reduce to straits, distress.
difficulties,
*Z7jemanini, n. and a., eighty, -a Ps. thikiwa. Nt. thikika, for which
th., eightieth. thiki is also used, i. e. be hard-
b b 2
 THIKBI 372 TIA
pressed, be in difficulties, e. g. kama Uduli, and Thili, abject condition,
umethikika na neno, unambie, if you misery, distress. (Ar. See Thili.)
are in any difficulty, tell me. Ap. *Thulumu, v. also Thalimu,
thik-ia, -iwa. Cs. thikisha, intens. treat unjustly, defraud, oppress. Ps.
— n. (i) narrowness, want of space, thidiimiwa. Nt. thulumika. Ap.
confinement (2) being pressed, thulum-ia, -iwa. Rp. thulumiana.
;

annoyance, distress, &c. (cf. uthiki). Cs. thulum-isha, -ishwa. n. —

(Ar. Cf. syn. temea, funga, kwama, {ma-), injustice, fraud, oppression,
sumbua, &c) violence. (Ar. Cf. thalimu, and

vish dance practised in Z.

—
*Thikri, n. ( ), name of a Der-
(Ar. in- '
syn. jeuri, onea.)
*Thumu, n. also Somu, garlic.
vocation,' —
the dance being accom- (Ar. Cf. kitunguu, somu.)
panied by the repeated invocation *77zumurii, n. See 77zemuni.
Allah hai, God the Living One.) (Ar.)
*Thili, v. abase, humble, bring *Thurea, n. a chandelier. (? Ar.
low, set at nought. Ps. thiliwa. a group of stars.)
Nt. thilika. Ap. thil-ia, -iwa. *Thuru, v. hurt, damage, cause
Cs. thil-isha, -ishwa. Rp. thi liana. loss or injury to, harm, —
sometimes
— — and Thulli, mean condition,
n. ( ) in neut. sense, be hurt, e.g. amechoka
abasement, low — low, state. a. amethuru, he was weary and wounded
mean, despicable. (Ar. Cf. -thilifu, (after a fight). Haithuru, a common
ulhilifu, and syn. tusha, aibisha.) expression, meaning 'it does not
'

-thilifu, a. and -tilifu, poor, mean, matter, it is all the same, never mind
insignificant. Also sometimes a verb (cf. mamojd). Ps. thuriwa. Nt.
thilifu, reduce, make mean (poor, ihurika. Ap. thur-ia, -iwa. Hence
small), and thilif-ika, -isha, become thuriana. Cs. thur-isha, -ishwa.
poor, mean, &c. (Ar. Cf. prec) (Cf. thara, and syn. hasiri, poteza.)
—
*Thiraa, n. ( ), a cubit, mea- —
Tia, v. (1) put, place, set; (2)
sure of length, from elbow to finger- apply, use, employ, bring to bear;
tip,thiraa kamili, or to the knuckle, (3) cause, effect, affect with, bring
—
thiraa konde, about 18 inches, half about. One of the commonest verbs
a yard {wari). Commonly called in Swahili, used freely in all the above
vikono (which see). (Ar. For senses, translatable according to the
other measures cf. shibiri, pima.) sense of the noun with which it is
*Thoofika, v. become weak (in- associated, and often forming one
firm, feeble), lose strength (force). verbal notion with it. Synonymous
Also sometimes thoofu. (Cs. thoof- inmany senses with weka, also very
isha, -ishwa, weaken. (Ar. Cf. common (which compare), but (gene-
thaifu.) rally speaking) in weka the action is
*77mbutu, v. (1) be firm, resolute, regarded as ending with itself (i. e.
convinced, proved (2) venture, dare,
; put, and leave, put and have done
have the courage to. Ps. thubutiwa. with it), in tia the action involves
Nt. thubutika. Ap. thulmt-ia, some further effect, or something else
-iwa. Cs. thubut-isha, - ishwa, e.g. affected by it, i. e. put to, apply, add.
establish, prove, make firm (strong). E. g. tia maj'i, put water (somewhere,
(Ar. Cf. thabiti, zithabiti, mathu- in something), add water, dilute.
butu.) T. dawa, apply medicine. T. rangi,
*Thuku, v. taste, try the taste of, paint. T. giza, darken. T. nguvu,
but commonly onja is used. (Ar. (1) apply force ;(2) encourage,
Cf. tanm, luththa.) strengthen. T. nanga, cast anchor.
*Thulli n. also Uthulli, Duli,
;
T. ugonjwa, cause illness, infect with
 TIABU 373 TIMAZI
disease. T. makali, sharpen, make Tifua, v. cause to rise like dust,
sharp. T. mashaka (matata), cause stir up, make a dust. Nt. tifuka.
(inspire) doubts, perplex. T. hofu, (Cf. prec.)
frighten. T. aibu, disgrace. T. nia *Tii, v. obey, submit to, be docile
(moyo), apply thought, consider seri- (obedient, submissive). Ps. tiizaa,
ously, —so tia moyoni (maanani). be obeyed, &c. E. g. hatiiwi na
T. asikari, employ soldiers, set a mkewe, he is not obeyed by his wife.
guard. T. utumwani, enslave. T. Nt. tiika, like Hi, i. e. be obedient.
chuoni, send to school. T. kazini, Cs. tii-sha, -shwa, i. e. reduce to
set to a job. T. roho, risk one's life. obedience, subdue. (Ar. Cf. taa,
T. mfalme, call in (appeal to, bring utii, and follg. Only the simple tit
to bear) the chief. Jitia uwele, pre- is commonly used, but obs. tisha, v.
tend illness. Ps. tiwa. Nt. not frighten, —
similar in general mean-
used. Ap. tilia, tiliwa, tilika, e. g. ing, and perh. the same word as
akanitilia mwanangu ndui, and he above. For syn. cf. sikia, tumikia,
infected my child for me with small- shika miguzc.)
pox. Wajitiliani maneno kayo ? *-tii, a. obedient, docile, submissive.
Why do you thrust yourself inro this (Ar. Cf. prec. and syn. -sikifu.)
discussion ? Hence tililia, tililiwa, *Tiki, n. used of the edging of red
in various special operations, e. g. or white silk stitched round the neck
tililia uzi, darn. Also tiliana, and of a native dress (kanzu). (Ar.
(rarely used) tiliska, tililisha. Cs. necklace, collar.)
never used (i. e. liza, tishd). Rp. *Tiki, adv. or better Diki, exactly,
tiana. ( Tia has no cognate words, just, just so, in the same way, in
and two of the commonest deriv. the very way. (Cf. Ar. diqat.)
stems, Nt. and Cs., are never heard. Tikisa, v. (1) cause to shake, wave,
Cf. generally weka, as above.) move to and fro; (2) make restless,
*Tiabu, n. a game played by agitate, excite, e. g. tikisa mti, tunda
throwing up bits of stick, and watch- zipate kupukutika chini, shake a tree,
ing how they fall (Str.). (For games so that the fruit drops off. Tikisa
cf. mchezo.) inchi kwa fitina, disturb a country by
—
*Tiara, n. a kite, the child's toy. rebellion. Ps. tikiswa. Nt. ti-
(Cf. kishada, btirutangi.) kisika (and tikitika, cf. tukutika).
*Tibu, v. treat medically, give aid Ap. tikis-ia, -iwa. Cs. tikis-is ha,
to, attend, treat (as a patient), cure. -ishwa-. Rp.tikisana. (Cf. syn.
Ps. tibiwa. Nt. iibika. (Ar. Cf. tukutiza, suka, tetemesha, punga.)
tabibu, and syn. uguza, alika ganga.) Tikiti, n. (ma-), a water melon,
,

*Tibu, n. perfume, scent, fragrance. —

fruit of mtikiti.
Also a term of endearment, sweet. *Tikitiki, adv. in small pieces, to
(Ar. Cf. marashi, manukato.) the last bit, utterly, completely, e. g.
Tibua, v. ( i) stir up, make muddy ponda tikitiki, crush to dust. Oza t.,
;

(2) excite, provoke. Tibua maji, rot away. (Ar. daq, fine powder,
stir up the mud in water. Nt. libuka. i. e. dikidiki.)
(Cf. chafua, and follg.) *Timamu, n. completion, com-
-tifu, a. loose, crumbling, dust- pleted state, perfected condition.
like, dusty, —also tifutifu. E.g. —
a. complete, perfect. (Ar. Cf.
mchanga mtifu, fine sand. Also a n. timia, -timilifu, tamma, and syn.
tifu (ma-), e.g. tifu la mchanga jingi, kamili, -zima, -ote.)
a great cloud of sand, sand-storm, or Timazi, plummet, i. e. a small
n.
? mass of loose sand. Tanya tifu, stone suspended by a string, used by
make a dust. (Cf. follg.) masons. (Cf. Midi, chubwi.)
 —
TIMBI 374 TITA
Timbi, n. bracelet, armlet, the —
Tine, n. prepuce, when removed
most general word. (For various by circumcision. Also, a person cir-
kinds cf. kekee, kikuku, banagiri, cumcised. (Cf. govt, and ta/iiri.)
dodi, kingaja, kikoa, seng'enge.)
*Timia, v. be complete, perfect, game. (Cf. follg.)
—
Tinge, n. ( ), a favourite dancing

whole, finished, fulfilled, accom- Tingisha, v. like Tikisa, cause to

plished, done. E. g. wakati iimetimia, shake, tingisha inchi, make the
e. g.

the time is ended, is come. So of ground shake, —

by dancing. T.
kazi, deni, a task, a debt, &c. Ahadi embe, shake down mangoes, off a —
imeti?nia, the promise is carried out. tree. Nt. tingika. (Cf. tinge.}
Ap. timi-lia, -liwa, -lika, e. g. be
finished for, &c, or, be finished off,
—
*Tini, n. ( ), (i) a fig, fruit of
the mt'ini. (Ar.) (2) sometimes
become complete. Hence timi-iiza, used for the 5 gal. oil-tin, in which
-lizwa. Cs. timi-za, -zwa, and hence American petroleum is often sold in
timiz-ia, -iwa. (Ar. Cf. -timilifu, Z., but this is commonly debe. (Eng.)
utimizo, tamma, timamn, and syn. Tipitipi, n. (ma-), a brown bird
maliza, kamilika, isha, tindika.) common in Z.
*-timilifu, a. perfect, complete,
•
Tiririka, v. glide, trickle, slide
finished, consummated. (Ar. Cf. along, e. g. of the movement of a
prec. and zitimiiifu.) snake, of water, &c. (Cf. churu-
Tim'ka, v. trot, run, amble, of — zika.)
the running movement of an animal. Tisha, v. frighten, overawe, me-
Cs. tim'sha. (Cf. telki, kimbia.) nace, strike with terror, e.g. alimtisha
*Timu, v. be complete, finished, tu, hakutaka kunnia, he only fright-
but commonly timia (which see). (Ar.) ened him, he did not mean to kill
Timvi, n. and Chimvi, one who him. Ps. tishwa. Nt. tishika.
isconsidered of ill-omen, unlucky, a Ap. -iwa.
tish-ia, Rp. tishana.
menace to family or neighbours, (Cf. tisho, kitisho, ptisho, and obs.
usually a child, e. g. one born with similarity of some forms of tii, v.
upper front teeth or other peculiari- obey. Cf. syn. hofisha, ogofya.)
ties. (Cf. kijego, and perh. kitimbi, Tisho, n. (ma-), that which terri-
zitimbi,—b and v being interchanged, fies, a menace, a scare. (Cf. prec,
cf. jamvia, jambia.) and syn. ogofya, kioja, a/a.)
-tindi, a. in an unripe stage, half- *Tissa, n. and a. and Tissya, nine.
grown. Used of mtama, miihindi, &c. -a tissa, ninth. (Ar. Cf. tissata-
(Cf. mlindi, and syn. -bichi.) shara, and common B. kenda.)
Tindika, v. be cut off, fall short, *Tissaini,n. and a., ninety, -atissa-
fail, be finished, come to an end. ini, ninetieth. (Cf. Ar. tissa, and
Ap. tindik-ia, -iwa, e. g. be lacking follg.) .

to, fail to. Tindikia kuja, fail to *Tissatashara, n. and

nineteen.
a.,
come. Nimetindikiwa maziwa, my -a tissatashara, nineteenth. (Ar.
milk has failed me, has run short. Cf. tissa, and prec. Also syn. kumi
C s tindik- ish a - ish wa.
. , R p tindi- . na kenda.)
kiana, e. g. be cut off from each other, Tita, n. (ma-), a bundle of fire-
be separated, alienated. (?Same wood, a faggot. v. (1) tie up —
root as chinja, chinjika, —
this latter in bundles, make faggots of, i. e.ftinga
retaining a specialized meaning. Ti- (or, pigd) tita (2) make carry (a
;

ndika is not much heard in Z. Cf. bundle, or load). Nt. titika, e. g.

Undo, and syn. isha,katika,punguka.) mttwiwa ametitika mzigo na bwana
Tindo, n. a hard chisel, for cut- — wake, the slave has been given a load
ting metal, &c. (Cf. prec.) to carry by his master. Cs. titi-sha,
 ; ;

TITI 375 TOA

-shwa, (i) cause to tie in bundles shine. T.meno, show the teeth.
(2) intens. make carry a load. (Not Toa display (or, remove) the
taa,
often used in Z. Cf. funga, chukuza, lamp. 7*. hadithi, tell a story. T.
pagaza.) .
ukali, show fierceness (bravery). T.
Titi, n. {via-), teat, nipple of breast. maua, cause flowers to grow. (2)
(But enda kwa matiti means trot,' v. ' give, supply, produce, —in this
sense regularly used for -pa, give (in
Titia, v. shake, begin to sink, give cases where the objective pfx. is
—
way, break up, e.g. of a rotten roof, absent, and -pa therefore cannot be
and perh. of a rough sea. Nt. used), e.g. t. mali, give money.
titika, with similar sense. T. gharama nyingi, lay out large
Titima, v. roll, rumble, —
as thun- sums. T. njia, grant right of way.
der. Cs. titini'sha. (Perh. a Also (3) take out, produce, in' —
variant oitetema, tuticma, which see.) contrast with -pa, e.g. akatoa rupia
Titiwanga, n. also Kitiwanga, akampa, and he took out a rupee,
Tetekwanga, names for an eruptive and gave it him. (4) offer, propose,
fever, chicken-pox, rose-rash. make a plan of, arrange, e. g. toa
-to, a termiual suffix not commonly salamu, salute. T. shauri, offer ad-
used in Z., but capable of being added vice. T. nyumba, design a house.
to any appropriate noun or verb form T. kazi, supply occupation, work.
to denote good quality, high degree, T. sharti, propose conditions. T.
pleasing manner, i. e. excellence siku, arrange a day. B. (with the
generally. E. g. manukato, sweet, idea of removal, bringing to an
high-class perfumes. Kunyokato, to end, negation, more or less pro-
be properly straightened. Kazi ya- minent, and often synonymous with
ngu ifanyeto, do my work well. ondoa). (1) take out, deliver,
Toa, v. one of the commonest select, except, e.g. t. ndani, take
Swahili verbs (cf. piga, tia, weka), from within. T. hatarini, save from
with a range of meanings so wide, danger. Akamtoa na nyumba, and
and seemingly contradictory, that he turned her out of the house. (2)
often the context alone defines them. give up, resign, yield, e. g. adui
The most general idea is put out,'' wakajitoa, the enemy surrendered.
and this idea is developed in two (3) force out, make come or go out,
—
main lines, A. put forward, offer, dismiss, take away. Mty huyu
make prominent; B. put away, reject, ataka kututoa roho zetu, this man
totally exclude, —
this latter being so wishes to take our lives. T. frasi
marked that toa is regularly used to shoti, make a horse gallop, get a
express actual negation, the negativ- gallop out of him. T. makosa, re-
ing of an idea, and thus to supply an move blemishes, correct mistakes. T.
auxiliary of negation when combined mimba, produce abortion. (4) refuse,
with other verbs, e. g. kutoa kufanya decline, fail (to do), e. g. sababu ya
forms the Infinitive of the Negative kutoa kunirithisha, because of re-
Conjugation, i. e. not to do, and is fusing to make me heir. A'utoa
often shortened to kutoa fanya, and kupenda, not to love. Ps. tolewa,
kutofanya. The following meanings e. g. be put out, put forward, put
and constructions may be noted away, be proposed, be rejected, &c.
among many, all traceable to the (as above). Nt. toka, (1) come
idea of putting out, while the exam- out, appear, be rid (of), be let out
ples are often capable of different (2) go out, go away, get out, disap-
and contradictory translations, e.g. pear, cease (from), —
in this sense
A. (1) show, display, &c, t. nuni, syn. with ondoka. Used with several
 —
TOA 376 TOBA
constructions, e.g. toka mjini, or nje, the tooth is forcing its way out.
toka mji, go out of the town. Toka Sindano inatokeza ncha yake, inato-
Unguja, come from Zanzibar. Toka kea kwa pili, the needle is getting
utumwani, be set free from slavery. its point through, it is appearing on
Toka katika chombo, disembark from the other side. Mwana chuoni ame-
a vessel. Natoka kinnwuzia pembe, tokeza maneno mabaya kwa watu,
I have just been (or, come from) the teacher has foreshadowed bad
selling ivory to him. Toka (Im- news to the people. Muungu alim-
perat.), Come out But often of tokezea, God appeared to him in a
!

peremptory dismissal, Get out Be- special way.

! (c) tokana, leave each
gone Off with you
! Toka has often
! o\hev,\ia.xt(ixom),e.g.huyuametokana
a semi-transitive construction, e.g. na mkewe, this man has parted from
anatoka damn, he is coming out with his wife. Ap. tolea, tolewa, toleka,
blood, i. e. he is bleeding. Damu toleana, e.g. put out for (to, from,
inamtoka, blood is coming out of against, with, &c), give to, present,
him. Thus the same thing may be offer (to), spend (on), also, take —
described by kutoa moshi and kutoka away from, remove from, save from,
moshi, —
according to the prominence &c. Thus kumtolea mali may mean,
of the idea of agency, e.g. of a spend money on, or, takeaway money
—
smoker and his pipe. Hence a Ps. from, a person. Akamtolea, with
form to kwa, e. g. tokwa na hart meno, gave him (or, showed him,
{damn, machozi, roho), of perspiring or, took from him) his teeth, with —
(bleeding, shedding tears, dying). kisimani, took him out of the well,
(For toka as preposition, see below.) —
with tishairi, recited to him a stanza.
Toka has various deriv. stems, viz. Hatukutoleana heshima mimi naye,
{a) tokea, tokewa, and perh. tokeka, we failed in courtesy to each other.
e.g. (i) come out to (for, against, in, (Obs. also toeza, cause to put forth,
&c, but rarely from, which is usually or intens. send out, urge forth, and
toka only), e. g. akatoka mji akatokea perh. toeka, e. g. be put out, vanish,
mji mwingine, and he left the town, disappear, but see Toweka, Toea).
and appeared at another town. Ali- Cs. toza, tozwa. Hence tozea, toz-
tokewa na malaika, he was appeared ewa. Also tozesha, tozes/iwa, e. g.
to by an angel, i. e. an angel appeared cause to put out, force (urge, per-
to him ; (2) result (from), be a con- suade, allow, &c.) to give, demand,
sequence (of), mambo mabaya yato- extort, expose. Also tozana. Tozea
kea na mtoto huyu, evil consequences mfalme kodi, collect taxes for the
follow from this child (3) tokea chief. Ktmitozea haki yangn, to vin-
;

is used simply as '

appear, come on dicate my rights for me. Wahadi
the scene, come out.' Tokea nje, wa kutoza knmwuliza, a promise
come (appear) outside. Hence not to ask him. Rp. toana, e. g.
another Ap. form toke-lea,-lewa, e.g. put each other out (or, forward),
nimetokelewa na mgeni, I had a join in putting (or going) out, e.g.
—
sudden visit from a stranger, and walitoana katika mji kwenda vitani,
so tokeleza. (b) tok-eza, -ezwa, they made a general move from the
and hence tokez-ea, -ewa, also tok~ town to go fighting. (Cf. mtoza,
ezesha, -ezeshwa, and tokezana, (1) toleo, tokeo, toka, tokea, toeka, titoko,
cause to come out, make project (or and generally ondoa.)
prominent) ; or (2) intens. come out, • Toazi, n. (ma-), cymbal, large
ooze out, project, protrude, be promi- castanet. (For musical instruments
nent, e. g. jiwe latokeza mno, the cf. ngoma.)
stone projects too far. Jiho latokeza *Toba, n. repentance, penitence,
 TOBOA 377 TOMBA
regret, remorse. (Ar. Cf. tubu, out away from, starting from,
of,

and syn. peto.) since. E. g. toka huko, from yonder,

Toboa, v. bore a hole (in), make from that time (place). Toka leo,
a hole (or, passage), force a way from to-day onwards. Toka zamani,
(through). Ps. tobolewa. Nt. long since. Tokea hapo, or tokeapo,
toboka. Ap. tobo-lea, -kwa. Cs. once on a time, long ago, from time
(?) tobo-sha, -shwa. (Cf. follg., and immemorial. Often combined with
syn. zua, pekecha, didimia.) kwa, katika, to define their meaning,
Tobwe, n. (— ), (i) wood of the or with locatives in -nt, e. g. toka
tree mtobwe (which see). Hence nyumbam, from the house, toka kwa
also (2) simpleton, fool. n. a hole, — mfalme, from the king's presence.
— also kitobwe (a pass, noun in -e, (Cf. toka, Nt. of toa, and follg.)
from toboa (which see)). Tokea, (1) prep. See Toka.
Toea, v. also Towea (which see). (2) Ap. form from toa (toka)
Tofaa, n. {ma-), fruit (like a small (which see).
apple) of the tree mtofaa. Tokeo, n. {ma-), place (time, act,
*Tofali, n. {ma-), and Tafali, mode) of going out (appearing,
brick, tile. (Cf. Ar. ' dry clay.') happening) (2) outlet, pore, e. g.
;

*Tofauti, n. {ma-). See Tafauti. matokeo ya hart, pores in the skin

Tofua, tofuka, v. perh. variants (cf. kitundu, nyeleo) (3) appear- ;

of pofua, pofuka (which see). ance, apparition, vision (cf. njozi) ;

Toga, v. pierce (the ear), make (4) occurrence, result, consequence
incision (for ear ornament). Ps. (cf. tukio). (Cf. toa, toka, tokea.)
togwa, e. g. hutogwa, maana hu- Tokomea, v. vanish, disappear,
tiwa mapete katika masikio, the recede from view, extend beyond the
meaning of togwa is, having rings range of the eye, e. g. of the sea, —
fixed in the ears. (Perhaps same bahari inatokomea. Cs. tokom-eza,
as toja (which see).) -ezwa, e. g. reduce to nothing, an-
Togwa,
{pombe)
( n.
), —
native beer
sweet unintoxicating
in the
nihilate.
toa, toka.)
(Cf. toweka, and perh.

stage, not fermented. Tokosa, cook by boiling,

v. boil,
*Tohara, n. ( — ), (1) purity, — of food generally. Also of frying
cleanness, — esp. in a ceremonial in fat or butter, e.g. tokosa mkate
sense, i. e. according to Mahommedan pamoja na sa?nli (or, kwa samli), fry
rules, e. g. of the purification of a a cake in ghee. Of water, pika, or
corpse. (With reference to details, chemsha, is usual. Ps. tokoswa.
tohara is used as a plur. from ztto- Nt. tokoseka. Ap. tokos-ea, -ewa.
hara.) Esp. (2) circumcision. (Cf. follg., and for cooking, pika,
(Ar. Cf. tahiri, and also ukumbi, upishi.)
weuo, ngariba.) Tokota, v. become boiled (fried),
Toja, v. make incisions (cuts, be boiled (boiling, frying). E. g.
gashes, &c), scarify, tattoo, chungu chatokota kwa ktcpata moto
let
blood, bore the ear (for ornament). sana, the pot boils by getting very
Toja mshipa, open a vein, bleed. hot. (Cf. prec.)
(Cf. toga, and follg., also syn. Tomasa, y. press, feel, knead
chanja, umika.) softlywith th* fingers, of a soft —
Tojo,n. {ma-), gash, cut, incision, yielding substance, e. g. an animal,
tattoo, — whether for ornament, tribal or ripe fruit. (Cf. papasa, bonye-
mark, or medical purposes. (Cf. s/ia, and kanda.)
prec. and ?iembo.) Tomba, v. have sexual connexion,
Toka, prep, also Tokea, from, copulate (of animals in general,
 TOMBO 378 TOROKA
and commonly avoided as needlessly the fingers and eaten by natives.
vulgar). Ps. tombwa. Rp. Also Donge.
tombana. Tongo, n. plur. of titongo. (See
Tombo, n. or Toraboo, a quail. also Matongo.)
Tomea, v. used of mason's work, Tongoza, v. (i) draw aside, call
— bring to a surface with plaster and apart ; (2) seduce. Ps. tongozwa.
small stones the first rough setting of Ap. tongoz-ea, -ewa. Cs. longoz-
stones and mortar. Ps. tomea. esha, -eshwa. Rp. tongozana.
Nt. tomeka. Ap. tome-lea, -lewa. (Cf. kitongo, kitongoji, utongozi.)
Cs. tomel-esha, -eshwa.
and follg. Prob. for chomeo,
(Cf. mtot?w,
but
—
Tope, n. ( , and ma-), also plur.
of utope, mud, mire, dirt. Tope
retaining t, as at Mombasa, in this nyembamba, thin, soft mud. Tope
special sense. Cf. choma.) nene (nzito), thick mud. Watu
Tomoa, v. stave in, break through, wengi kama tope, — descriptive of a
pierce, — e. g. tomoa pipa, stave in great crowd, thick as mud. (Cf.
a barrel, —with a pole or crowbar. follg.)
(Perh. same as c/iomoa.) Topea, v. (1) sink in mud or dirt,
Tomoko, n. (ma-), a custard- be bogged (2)
;
get into difficulties,
apple, fruit of mtomoko, similar to get hampered (entangled), plunge in
the tope-tope. vice. Cs. top-eza, -ezwa, e. g. of
Tomondo, n. (ma-), fruit of the effect of a heavy load. Inchi inato-
tree mtomondo. peza miguu yake, the earth makes his
Tona, drops, drop, drip,
v. fall in feet stick fast. T. kidole katika
form a drop or dot. Also Nt. toneka, mwili, press the finger deep into the
in same sense, and hence tonek-ea, body. (Cf. tope, topoa, also syn.
-ewa, drop upon, e. g. tonekea meza, zama, lota, and perh. bopa.)
drop on the table. Ap. ton-ea, -eiva. Tope-tope, n. (ma-), custard-
Cs. ton-esha, -eshwa, cause to drip apple, fruit of mtopetope.
(trickle, drop), —
esp. of a blow or Topoa, v. get out of a difficulty,
injury to a sore place, causing it set free from a spell or charm, extri-
to be painful and bleed, and so fig. cate, counteract a poison, e.g. topoa
cause unnecessary pain, reopen old intn uganga, release a man from the
griefs. Hence Ap. tonesh-ea, -ewa, power of a charm. Dawa ya ku-
e. g. umtoneshee tone la samli walini, topoa, antidote. Ps. topolewa.
pour a drop of ghee over his rice. Nt. topoka, e.g. amelala illi timtopoke
Hence tonesheka, and toneshana. ulevi, he is asleep so that his drunk-
Rp. tonana. (Cf. tone, tonesho, enness may leave him. (? Conn,
and dondoka, donda, tirirzka.) with tope, and for Rv. force of
Tone, n. ( —
and 7/ia-), a drop of
, oa, cf. chomoa, bomoa, chongoa, and
liquid, a dot, a blot. I)im. kllone. syn. zingna.)
(Cf. tona.) *Torati, n. also Taurati, the law
Tonesho, n. (ma-), causing to of Moses, the Pentateuch. (Ar.)
drip, making bleed. (Cf. tona, Toria, n. (ma-), edible fruit of the
tone.) tree mtoria. Also kitoria.
Tonga, n. Tonga
la da/u, a cocoa- Toroka, v. desert, run away (from
nut when of milk and in the later
full master, home, &c), play truant.
stage, when the nutty part is well set Mtumwa amemtoroka btvana wake,
and tough. (Cf. da/u.) the slave has run away from his
Tonge, n. ( —
and ma-), a small
, master, —
also ametoroka kwa bwana
rounded mass, a small lump or ball, wake. Ps. torokwa, be deserted,
e. g. of rice or other food, as taken in be run away from. Ap. torok-ea,
 TOSA 379 TTTA
-ewa. Cs. toro-sha, -skwa, induce child, but commonly either (i) of size,
|

to desert, drive into running away, a big, fine child or (2) of some ob-
;

seduce, entice away. (Cf. mtoro, ject resembling a child or offspring^

and syn. kimbia.) e. g. toto la ndizi, the fruit bud on
Tosa, v. plunge in water, throw a banana stalk toto la meza, the
;

into the sea, cause to sink, drown. drawer of a table. (Cf. dim. ki-
Used of launching a vessel, waka- toto.)
itosa marikebu katika bahari waka- Totoma, v. wander at random,
ingia, they launched the ship and get lost, be the path.
off Ap.
—
went on board, but commonly shua. totomea. (Commonly potea in Z.)
(Cf. tot a, and syn. chozya, zamisha, -tovu, a. (?) variant of -povu, i. e.
didimia. Dist. toza, Cs. of toa.) lacking, deprived of. (Cf. tofiia.)
Tosa, (ma-), fruit just ripening,
n. *Towasni, n. (ma-), eunuch. See
nearly ripe, turning colour, beginning Tawashi. (Ar.)
to be soft. Tosa la embe, embe tosa, Towea, v. or Toea, use as a
a mango getting ripe. (Cf. -ivu, relish, i. e. prepare food for the table
-pevu.) by adding sauce, curry, gravy, fish,
Tosa, n. ( — ) and Toza, pipe-bowl meat, vegetables, &c. to season and
flavour it, —
such addition being ki-
for tobacco, short pipe, usu. of clay,
with stem. (See kiko, which is toweo. Ap. towe-lea, -lewa, e. g.
mostly used in Z.) towelea wali kwa mchnzi, i.e. flavour
Tosha, suffice,
v. be sufficient boiled rice with gravy. Hence towe-
(for), content, be enough (adequate, leza, -lezwa. Cs. towesha, toweza.
capable). Yamtosha kazi yake, his (Cf. kitoiveo, and syn. unga, v.)
task is enough for him. Ap. Toweka, v. vanish, disappear, pass
tosh-ea, -ewa, -eka. Hence toshel-ea, out of sight, die. Cs. towe-sha,
-ewa, and toshel-eza, -ezwa, and a -shwa, e.g. put out of the way, ruin.
further deriv. form toshelez-ea, -ewa, (Perh. cf. toa, as if toeka, i. e. be put
e. g. mckuzi huu iitamtoshelezea wall away.)
wake, this gravy he will find enough Tu, adv. only, just, exactly, simply,
for his rice. Watu wawili wata- no more, merely, barely, always —
mtoshelezea kazi yake, two men will following the word it refers to, and
be enough for his job. (Cf. Ar. used with nouns as well as adjs. and
kifu, and dist. follg.) verbs. E.g. mtoto tu, a mere child,
Toshea, v. be amazed, astounded, kidogo 'tu, just a little, giza tu, utter
staggered. Also Ps. toshewa, in darkness. (?Cf. -ttipu, e.g. giza
—
same meaning, be struck with amaze- ttipu, utter darkness.)
ment. (Cf. sangaa, ajabtt, and Tu, verb-form, we are, — Pers. Pfx.
Ap. of tosha.)
dist. toshea, of 1 Pers. Plur., e.g. sisi tu wazima,
Tota, v. sink down, sink be in, we are quite well.
overwhelmed, be drowned. Tota -tu-, Pers. Pfx. in verbs of 1 Pers.
majini ibaharini), sink in water Plur. subjective and objective, ' we,
(the sea). Tota macho, have the us,' and characteristic of the corre-
eyes sunken, have lost the eyes sponding adjective, -etu (which see).
(sight). Merikebti imetota, the ship Tua, v. A. (1) put down, set down ;

has sunk. Ap. tot-ea, -ewa. Cs. (2) cause fo settle, stop, decide.
fig.
tot-esha, -eshwa (and perh. also tosa, E.g. tua mzigo, put down a load.
which see). Totesha macho, make Tua tanga, or tua alone, lower sail.
blind (cf. pofushd). (Cf. zama, Maneno yale yalimtua asiingie, those
didimia.) words stopped him, so that he did
Toto, n. (ma-), same as mtoto, not go in, or, settled him not to go in.
 —

TUA 380 TUKA

B. as a Nt. (i) settle down, rest, themselves. Cs. tuam-isha, -ishwa.
halt, bivouac, encamp, stop for the (A St. form from tua, cf. -ama.)
night ;(2) go down, settle down, set, *Tubu, v. repent, be penitent,
e.g.jua likatua, the sun set; ndege feel remorse, mend one's ways. A
alitua, the bird alighted. Ps. punished child says nimetubu, I am
tidiwa. Nt. tulika. Ap. tulia, sorry, I will not do it again. Ap.
with many deriv. stems, tuliwa, tub-ia, -iwa, -ika, e. g. tubia kosa,
tulika. Also tuli-lia, -liwa, -lika. repent of a fault tubia Muungu, re-
;

Hence tulili-za, -zwa, and tuliliana. pent before God. Cs. tubusha,
Cs. tuli-za, -zwa, whence tuli-zia, -shwa, e. g. correct, chastise, bring to
-zizva, and tulizana. (1) be quiet, a penitent state of mind. (Ar.
be calm, settle down; (2) fig. be- Cf. toba, and syn. juta, tulia, ongoka.)
come quiet (tranquil, peaceful), re- Tuesha, v. pay an evening visit
form, give up bad ways, take to a to, call on at night, bid good-night
quiet settled life, cease from anger to. Contr. amkia, of morning call.
(grief, excitement, passion). E. g. (Prob. specialized Cs. of tua (which
tulia (Imperat), Be quiet ! Moyo see).)
wake umemtulia,ox, ametuliwa moyo, *Tufane, n. storm, gale, tempest,
he has calmed down. Bahari yatu- hurricane, e. g. of rain, wind, and
lia, the sea is going down. Uso wa thunder together. (Ar. Cf. tha-
ktitulia,2i tranquil,peaceful expression. ruba, kimbunga, chamchela.)
Maneno haya yamekutulilia ? Have *Tufe, n. a ball, a game of ball.
you got that matter settled ? Chakula Cheza tufe, play at ball, e. g. cricket,
hakimtulilii, the food does not agree tennis, golf. (Ar. '
inflated bag.'
with him, i. e. he cannot digest it. Often mpira in Z.)
Tumetuliliwa na habari hizi, we *Tuhumu, v. suspect, accuse, re-
have been pleased with these news. proach. Ps. tuhumiwa. Nt.
Bahari haikzitulizana, the sea was tuhtimika. Ap. tuhum-ia, -iwa.
rough. Wametulizana, they have Rp. tuhiwiiana. Cs. tuhumi-sha,
kept each other quiet. JCuttililiana, -shwa. — n. (1) suspicion, accu-
to come to an agreement or settle- sation. Tuhumu He imeondoka kwa
ment among themselves. Tuliza, kiapo, the suspicion was allayed by
bring to rest, pacify, settle, relieve ordeal.
pain, comfort, bring to a better mind,
effect a reform in.
—
Tui, n. ( ), the creamy juice or
Ametuliziwa milk got by grating the nutty part
moyo, he has been tranquillized. (See of a cocoanut (cf. kuna, mbuzi), mix-
Tuesha, Tusha, Tweza, all perh. ing it with water and straining it
Cs. forms connected with tua.) through a sieve (kung'tttd) or bag
Rp. Uiana, e. g. settle down together, (kiteo), leaving only machicha, which
all join in making a camp, set things is thrown away. Inzi kufia tuini
into order, agree. (Cf. tuo, kituo, si hasara, a fly does not mind dying
-tulivti, tulizo, tuama, besides tuesha, in cocoanut cream. (Tui is much
tusha, tweza. Obs. similar verbs tia, used in Z. for cooking. Cf. kasi-
put to, toa, put out, tua, put down.) mele.)
Tua, v. rub. See Ch.ua. *Tuili, v. be prolonged, be belated.
Tuama, v. get into a settled state, Cs. tuili-za, -zwa, i. e. make late,
settle down, subside. E. g. of muddy delay, prolong. (Ar. for commoner
water clearing itself. Acha maji kawia (which see), and chelewa,
yatuame, yawe saji, leave the water ahiri.)
to settle and get clear. Mambo —
Tuka, n. ( ), post supporting the
yanatuama, matters are settling projecting eaves in front of a native
 ;

TUKA 381 TTJMA

house, post of a verandah. (Com- flutter. Ap. tukut-ia, -iwa, e. g.
monly nguzo, kiguzo. Kr. gives be annoying to. Cs. tukut-isha, or
shuli for the projecting eaves sup- -iza, -izwa. (Cf. follg., and tikisa,
ported by tuka.) -tukutu.)
Tuka, jituka, v. See Stuka, of Tukutiko, n. {ma-), tremor,
which it is perh. a variant (i. e. stuka, tremulous movement, nervous trem-
situka, shituka, jituka.) bling, fluttering excitement. E. g.
Tukana, v. use abusive language tukutiko la moyo, fluttering of the
(to), abuse, revile, insult, call names. heart, excited feeling. (Cf. follg.)
Ps. tukatiwa. Nt. tukanika. Ap. -tukutu, a. restless, nervous, ex-
tukan-ia, -iwa. Cs. tukan-isha, citable, petulant, troublesome, e. g.
•isJiwa, e. g. intens. treat with scorn. of children. (Cf. prec, and tukuta,
Jitukanisha kwa watu, expose one- tukusa?)
self to public derision, i. e. voluntarily Tukuza, v. make exalted, magnify,
incur abuse in public. Rp. tu- glorify, aggrandize, place in high
kanana. (Cf. follg., and syn. suta, position, give all honour to. Ps.
sema, amba. Tukana is itself re- tukuzwa. Ap. tukuz-ia, -iwa.
ciprocal in form only.) Cs. tukuz-isha, -ishwa. Rp. tukuz-
Tukano, n. {ma-), an abusive ex- ana. (Cf. -tukufu, tukuka, and
pression, bad word, abuse. (Cf. syn. athimisha, heshimu, kuza.)
prec, and syn. suto, tusu.) -tulivu, a. {tulivu with D 4 (P),
Tukia, v. happen (to), occur (to), D 5 (S), D 6), quiet, tranquil, peace-
present itself, come to pass. Jaynbo ful, composed, gentle, docile. E. g.
limenitukia leo, a thing has happened maji matulivu, standing, tranquil
to me to-day. Atajilukiayuko mjini, water. Watu watulivu, quiet, peace-
he will find himself in the town. ful people. (Cf. follg., and tua,
Ps. tukiwa, e. g. nimetukiwa na utulivu, also syn. -pole, taratilu,
uthuru, opportunity presented itself -anana, -a amani.)
to me. Cs. tuki-za, -zwa. (Cf. Tulizo, n. {ma-), a quieting,
follg., and syn. tokea, kuta. Possibly soothing, means of soothing, relief,
tukia, tukiza are variants of tokea, comfort, sedative. Dim. kitulizo.
tokeza, with limited meaning, as (Cf. tua, and prec.)
above.) *Tuluku, v. variant of taliki
Tukio, n. {ma-), occurrence, event, (which see), divorce. (Ar.)
accident. (Cf. prec, and tokeo.) Tuma, v. employ (a person), send
-tukufu, a. (same with D 4 (P), (a person), give work to. E. g.
D 5 (S), D 6), exalted, grand, glori- tuma mtu kazi {kwa kazi, kufanya
ous, majestic. (Cf. follg., and utu- kazi), set a person to work. Tuma
kufu, also syn. bora, -sharifu, -kuu.) mtu mahali {mjini, Mombasa, kwenda
Tukuka, v. become exalted, grand, safari), dispatch a person to a place
glorious, &c. (Cf. prec, and (to the town, to Mombasa, on an
tukuza.) expedition). Ps. tumwa, i.e. be
Tukusa, v. perh. a variant of tikisa employed, be under orders, be on
(which see), cause to shake, make service (an errand, a job, a particular
restless, agitate, &c. (Cf. also duty). Nt. tumika, e.g. ^1) be
follg.) engaged, be in service, be under
Tukuta, v. be restless, nervous, orders, be used (in a general sense)
always on the move, be tiresome, (2) be disengaged, free to be em-
petulant. Nt. tukutika, e. g. ployed, capable of service, be usable,
move tremulously, tremble, quiver available, &c. The Nt. applies to
with excitement, shudder, be in a things as well as persons. So also
 a

TUMAI 382 TUMBO

iumikana, be capable of (free for, fit -tumaini, confident, sanguine, hope-
for, available for) service or use. ful. (Ar. Cf. prec.)
Hence tumik-ia, -iwa, be used or Tumba, n. ( —
and ma-), (1)
,

outer case, cover (2) case, or bale,

available by, be at the service of, ;

— and so commonly, obey, be obedient of goods. E. g. the unopened bud of

to, submit to, be servant to. Tumi- a flower, matumba mawaridi, rose-
kiwa, have service done, be obeyed. buds. Tumba la chuo, cover of a
Also tumiki-sha, -shwa, e. g. cause to book. T. la mwezi, the halo sur-
obey, reduce to obedience, take as rounding and encasing the moon, and
servant. Also tumikish-ia, -iwa. tumba la uso, the effect produced by
Ap. tum-ia, -iwa, -ika, use a person oiling the face. Tumba la mchele,
or thing, make
use of, employ. E.g. a bag of rice. Ndiye mweka wa
akatumia mali sana, he spent money tumba, (of the angel of death), he it is
extravagantly. Neno hili lattwiika, who sets down the load. (Cf. mtu-
this word is in use, is current. Kisu mba, kitumba, and mzigo.)
kinalumiwa, the knife being used. is *Tumbako, n.tobacco. Vuta t.,
Hence tumil-ia, -iwa, -ika, e. g. use smoke. Nusat., take snuff. Tafuna
for (with, in, against, &c). Jitumi- t., chew tobacco. The forms in which
lia, spend selfishly, waste. Tumilia it is made up are known as mkate,
mbali, use up, consume entirely. cake, ukambaa, (ropelike) twist,
Also tumiatta. Cs. tum-isha, -ishwa, pumba, lump. (Cf. kiko.)
-iza, -izwa, e.g. (i) cause to employ, *Tumbasi, n.
common jipn.)
( ), — abscess.
make send (2) commonly intens.
;
(? Ar., for
give a special or urgent task to, Tumbawe, (ma-), coral rock
n.
impose a duty, give a charge to. in the intermediate stage between
Zile ng'ombe ulizotumiza zimekuja, coral and rock, —
white and massive,
those oxen you sent for are come. but light and not fully consolidated.
Tutatumiza watu wa mji, we will Used largely (from its lightness) for
give work to all the people in the concrete roofs, also for cornices,
town. Hence tumish-ia, -iwa. Rp. being easily cut to a shape, and for
tumana. (Cf. tume, mtume, tumo, lime-burning.
matumizi, mtumishi, mtumwa, utu- Tumbili, n. name of a small light-
mwa. Also peleka, which is in some coloured monkey. Also kitumbili*
senses synonymous. And dist. chuma (Cf. kima, nyani.)
and derivatives, which are some- Tumbo, n. (ma-), (1) stomach,
times pronounced, as at Mombasa, belly, abdomen, womb (2) anything ;

tuma.) resembling the stomach in shape, —

*Tumai, v. and also commonly swelling, protuberance (cf. kitumbo) ;
Tumaini, hope, expect, be
trust, (3) or in capacity, — inside of a vessel,
confident, be trustful, rely on. JVatu- receptacle, hold (of a ship) ; (4)
mai tma afya, I hope you are well. pain or disease in the abdominal
Namtumai mtu huyn, I trust this region, colic, stomach-ache, diarrhoea,
man. tumaiwa, tumainiwa.
Ps. stoppage, &c. E. g. tumbo la kuhara
Nt. tufnainika. Ap. ttimain-ia, (la kuenenda), diarrhoea, looseness
-iwa, -ika, e.g. hope in, confide in, of the bowels; /. la kuhara damu,
rely on. Cs. ttnnain-isha, -ishwa, dysentery. Also of pregnancy, yuna
e. g. raise the hopes of. Hence tu- tumbo, or, tumbo kubwa, she is preg-
mainish-ia, -iwa. (Ar. Cf. follg., nant. Ndugu tumbo moja, children
and syn. taraja, amini, tegemea.) of the same mother. Plur. matu-
*Tumaini, n. (ma-), confidence, mbo, guts, entrails, bowels, i.e.
trust, expectation, hope. Also as a. contents of the lower part of the
 —
TUMBTTA 383 TUNDIKA
body. (Cf.- ututnbo, kitumbo, tu- Mbega, the old men, Mbega's envoys.
mbua, kittimbua, mtu?nba,mtumbwi.) Used absolutely, like mtume, of
Tumbua, v. (i) disembowel, rip Mahomed, as apostle of God. Also
up, cut open, make a hole (in), per- (2) occupation, task, errand, business.
forate; (2) lay open, display. Tu- Tume zangu zimekwisha, my duties
mbua ubau, rip, or make a hole in, are finished. (Cf. tuma, mtianwa,
a plank. Tumbua kindu, rip a leaf which is the usual term for a slave,
into strips. T. jipu, lance a boil. though not limited to this meaning,
Ps. tumbuliwa. Nt tumbuka, e. g. and mHimishi, which is used of
(1) have a cut or hole made in it; household and general service, some-
(2) burst out, break open. Jipu lime- times in contrast with mtumwa, slave,
tumbuka, the abscess has broken. and tume, implying special service.)
Mahali pa chombo palipotumbuka, Tumo, n. {ma-), and Mtumo,
the place in the dhow, which was employment, using, use, &c. (Cf.
ripped open. Hence tumbuk-ia, -iwa, tuma, and dist. chumo, also meaning
esp. in sense (1) break out into, ' employment.')
burst suddenly into, of a sudden rush —
*Tumu, n. ( ), (1) a fast, fasting,
or fall, e. g. ametumbukia kisimani, e. g. of Ramathani, mwezi wa Htmu,
he has tumbled into the well ;(2) the fasting month. (Ar. sum.
get suddenly involved in, be caught Cf. mfoingo.) (2) variant of tamu
or strangled in. So also Cs. tumbuk- (which see), taste, tasting. (Ar.)
iza, -izwa. Ap. tumbu-lia, -lizva, Tuna, v. (1) puff out, swell out;
-ika, e. g. lay open for (to, at, with, (2) show anger, be petulant (arro-
against), e. g. niftiekwambia, Fanya gant). E. g. tuna machavu, swell
kaziyako, naive wanitumbulia macho, out the cheeks. Jituna, bluster, brag
I said to you, go on with your work, (cf. jivuna). Ps. tunwa. Nt.
and you glare at me (cf. kodolea tunika. Ap. tun-ia, -iwa. Cs.
macho, ngariza macho). Hence Hi- tuni-sha, -shwa, e.g. (1) offend, en-
mbuli-za, -zwa, and tumbuliz-ia, -iwa. rage; (2) puff out, flatter.
Cs. tumbuza, intens. force a way Tunda, n. ( —
and ma-), a fruit
,

through, penetrate, come out on the of any kind, a product of tree, plant,
other side of, e.g. tumbuzamwitu, pass vegetable, &c. (Cf. tundika.
through a forest t. nje ya pili, come There are many kinds of fruit in Z.
;

out on the other side jua limetu- See nazi, chungwa, chenza, danzi,
;

mbuza, the sun has burst out (cf. limau, ndimu, kangaja, furungu,
penya, and chimbuza). Rp. Hi- balangi, ndizi (many kinds", embe,
mbuana. (Cf. tumbo, and syn. fenessi, nanasi, za??ibarau, pera,
pasua, kata, fungua, funua?) topetope, kunazi, dtiriani, choki-
Tumbuika, v. be soothed by be- choki, kwajti, bzinju, kungu, papai,
ing sung to. Cs. tu??ibui-za, -zwa, tikitiki, &c Also numerous vege-
soothe by singing, make a soothing tables. Kr. gives tunda, v. get down
sound with or without words, sing to, fruit from a tree, seldom if ever —
sing by turns. T. kwa nyimbo {kwa used in Z., where angua, chuma are
maneno mazuri), soothe by songs (by common. For common vegetables
gentle words). cf. mboga.)
Tumbuizo,n. {ma-), lullaby, ditty, Tundama'v. settle down, gather,
refrain of a song. (Cf. utu- accumulate, e. g. as water at the
mbuizo.) bottom of a well or hole. Cs.
—
Tume, n. ( ), (1) messenger, iundam-isha, -ishwa.
envoy, employe, representative, ser- ngama, tuat?ia, tandama, and -ama.)
(Cf. tu-

vant. E. g. wale wazee, tume za Tundika, v. hang up, suspend,

 TUNDU 384 TUNGO
but clear of walls, &c, not both used of threading a needle.
touching anything (contr. angika, (2) T. mayayi, form eggs, —
also
tungika). E.g. tundika bendera, (Nt.) mayayi yametunga, the eggs
hang up a flag (cf. twekd). Ps. are hard set, —
the contents having
tundikwa. Ap. tundik-ia, -iiva. taken form. Mtama unatunga, the
Cs. tundik-isha, -ishwa. (?Cf. millet (grain) is forming. T. mimba,
tunda, or tundu.) conceive, form an embryo. T. chuo
Tundu,
hollow,
—
n. and
(
passage, hollow
, ota-), hole,
receptacle,
(inashairi, nyimbo), compose a book
(poetry, songs). T. usaha, form
— and hence of several objects, den or matter, suppurate, e. g. of an abscess.
lair of a wild animal, snake, &c, Ps. tungwa. Nt. ttingika, (1) not
nest of a bird, a cage of any kind, only as above, i. e. be put together,
a basket of open wicker-work. Tundu be formed, but (2) with the further
ya pua, nostril. Dim. kiltmdic. sense, be hung up, i. e. perh. be put
Fanya tundu, bore a hole. Tundu on a string, be suspended, be con-
tzmdu, full of holes, g. describing
e. nected with, be dependent upon and ;

trellis-work, lattice, net-work, &c, (3) sometimes Act., e.g. tungika paa,
or of moth-eaten clothes. (
Tundu put up a roof, with Ps. tungikwa
is the most general word for ' hole.' (cf. angika, tundika), e.g. alitu-
Cf. s/iimo, which is usually bigger, ngikwa tanzi la ro/io, he was hung up
kipango, kitobwe, ufa, mwanya.) by a noose round the neck. T. ngao,
-tundu, a. obstinate, perverse, hang up a shield. Hence tungik-ia,
naughty, self-willed, troublesome, -iwa. Ap. tung-ia, -iwa, e. g. zcme-
esp. of children. Mtoto mtundic tungia (uzi) sindano, you have
lazima kurtidi, a naughty child must threaded the needle. Cs. tung-iza,
be punished. -izwa, -isha. Rp. tungana. (Cf.
Tunduia, v. keep a watchful eye tungama, ttmgamana, tunguo, mtu-
on, look out for, spy out, lie in wait ngo, utungo, tungo, and Imtttngi, —
for. E. g. of a doctor, akiugua mtoto also syn. panga, and tanda.)
hutaweza kumtundtiia, if the child —
Tunga, n. ( ), (1) a round flat
is ill, you will not be able to attend basket, used for sifting husks, &c.
it. Ps. ttmduiwa. (Cf. follg., from grain by tossing (cf. chungd) •
and otea, tunza, chungulia, peleleza.) (2) tail-bones, or dried tail of a
Tunduizi, n. one who watches, skate {tad).
guardian, spy. (Cf. prec.) Tungama, v. be in a firm, com-
Tunduwaa, v. be still, silent, pacted state, be formed like a clot,
motionless, e. g. of one amazed, de- congeal, get thick. E. g. damu ina-
ceived, fascinated, deep in thought. tungama, the blood is clotted. Nyuki
(Cf., for the form, tandawaa.) watungama, the bees form a cluster.
Tunga, v. (i) put together, put Also as n., an embryonic clot, an
in order, put in a row; (2) form by embryo, like mimba. (Cf. follg.,
arranging, compose, bring materials and ttmdama, ttcama, and -ama.)
or ingredients together, construct, Tungamana, v. hold together, be
connect, make. E. g. (1) tunga connected, agree. Cs. tungaman-
nyama kijitini, put bits of meat in isha, e. g. wali aznetungamanisha
a row on a skewer. T. samaki, xvatu mazieno mamoja, the governor
string fish together, or, put them on got all the people to agree to one
a stick. T. uskanga, string beads. statement. (Cf. tunga, and fu-
T. maua, tie flowers together, make ngamana, tangamana, shikamana.)
a garland or nosegay. Tunga si- Tungo, n. (ma-), way of forming,
ndano, tunga uzi (katika sindand) are composition, device, things in a row.
 , — . ,

TUNGUA 385 TURUKI

Also plur. of utungo (which see). and his belongings. (3) gift, present,
(Cf. tunga, mtungo.) reward. (Cf. tunu, tunuka, also
Tungua, v. Rv. form of tunga, tuzo (tunzo), and syn. hifathi, shika,
i.e. (i) unform, disconnect, take to angalia.)
pieces; (2) unstring, take down, let Tupa, (1) throw, cast, fling,
v.
down, e.g. t. madafu, get down cocoa- e. a spear, stone, &c.
g. (2) throw
;

nuts. T. ro/10, discourage, dis- away, cast off, desert, abandon.

hearten. (3) fig. depress, depreciate, Tupa jicho, throw a glance. 1
' -

degrade. Ps. titnguliwa. Nt. tupwa, e.g. nimetupwa, I am an

tunguka, e.g. be let down, be taken outcast. Nt. tupika. Ap. tup-:
down, sink, be depressed, &c. Ap. -iwa, e.g. throw at (from, with, to),
tungu-lia, -liwa. Cs. tungu-za, also, pass on to, refer to, e.g. Sultani
-ziva. (Cf. tunga, tungika, also — humtupia waziri maneno, the Sultan
(angika) angua, (shuka) skua, which usually refers matters to his prime
are common in Z.) minister. Hence Uipil-ia, -iwa, -ika.
Tunguja, n. (ma-), an edible fruit Also tupiana. Cs. tup-isha, -ishwa.
of the shrub mtungitja. Rp. tupana. (Cf. mtupo, and syn.
Tunu, n. something rare, choice, rusha, peleka, piga.)
valuable, — a keepsake, a souvenir, — —
Tupa, n. ( ), a file, for metal,
an heirloom, a special present, trea- i. e. tupa ya chuma. A
flat file is
sure, a rare sight, a curiosity. (Cf. called tupaya ?nsumeno a rasp for ;

tunuka, tunza, and syn. hedaya, wood, tupa ya tunga. (See Tunga.)
kioja.) -tupu, a. (tupu with D 4 (P ) D 5 (S) ,

Tunuka, v. (1) set the heart on, D 6, and sometimes tupu for all D),
treasure, prize, long for, have special (1) empty, bare, void, naked; (2)
affection for perh. regard as a
(i. e. mere, sheer, bare, by itself (them-
treasure (tunu), make a
treasure selves), unmixed, pure,without change
(tunu) of) ; (2) give as a present, or adulteration ; (3) meaningless,
make a present of, e.g. namtunuka worthless, vain, devoid of content.
tntu huyu, I have set my heart on E. g. mikono ?nitupu, empty hands,
this man. Ps. tunukwa. Ap. empty-handed. Miguu mittcpu, bare
tunuk-ia, -iwa, e, g. make a present feet, barefoot. Mtu mtupu, a
just
to. T. kofia, give a cap to. T. man, a mere man, one who has noth-
moskiti, make a gift to a mosque. ing. Uongo mtupu, a sheer, down-
Cs. tunuk-isha, -ishwa (? tunusha, right falsehood. Weusi watupu,
and cf. tunzd). Rp. tunukana. none but black people. Maneno
(Cf. tunu, and follg.) mahipu, idle talk, nonsense. Some-
Tunza, v. treat with care or affec- times indecl., e.g. vyakula vitamu
tion; (1) guard, protect, care for, tend, tupu (or vitupu), nothing but nice
keep safe (2) attend to, observe,
;
food. Obs. -tupu, includes un- '

examine, keep an eye on (3) make;

clothed, naked,' but to denote naked-
a present to. E. g. tunza kazi, work ness in a vulgar sense, titupu or
with care. T. mtoto, mind a child. tupu is used as an indecl. adj., e.g.
T. akili, keep the brain clear, use the huyu ni titupu, the person is naked.
wits. Ps. tunzwa. Nt. tunzika. Mtu tupu, a naked person. less A
Ap. tunz-ia, -iwa. Cs. tunz-isha, vulgar word^s tic hi. (Cf. utupu,
-ishwa. Rp. tunzana. —
n. ( — tic hi.)
and ma-), (1) care, attention, guar- *Turuhani, n. tare, allowance
dianship; (2) things cared for, be- made in weighing for package, vehi-
longings. Akamleteo kijana na tunza cle, &c. (?Ar. 'deduction.')
zake, and he brought him the lad *Turuki, n. (ma-), also Turki, a
C c
 —
TURUMA 386 TWEKA
Turk, an Egyptian. Hence Uturuki, Ps. tuzwa,
e. g. get a present. Aka-
Turkey. Kituruki, Turkish lan- tuzwa na watu mapesa, people gave
guage. him a reward in money. (Cf.
Turuma, n. {ma-). See Taruma. follg., and tunu, tunuka, or perh.
Turupuka, v. A variant of churu- tunza. Tuza also represents some-
puka (cf. chopoa, chopoka, chupuka. times chtiza, and tusha (which see).)
See Chopoa.) ——
Tuzo, n. ( ), also Tuza, and
Tusha, v. and Tushua, Cs. perh. of Tunzo, a present, esp. of a reward
tua (cf. tuesha, tweza), lower, de- for success. (Cf. prec, and for
grade, humiliate, hold in contempt, presents generally bakshishi, zawadi.)
treat contemptuously. Jitusha, dis- Tw- often represents the sound of
grace oneself,— by unworthy con- tu before a vowel. See Tu.
duct, &c. Ps. tushwa. Nt. tu- Twaa, v. take (to oneself), take
shuka. Ap. tush-ia, -iwa. (Cf. away (from another), carry away
tua, and follg., matusu, also syn. (from another), take off, receive,
thili, tweza, aibisha, shusha.) accept, obtain. A very common
Tushi, n. {ma-), and Tusi, Tusu, verb, syn. often with pokea, pewa,
insulting language or conduct, abuse, chukua, pata, shika. Mind nimetoa
ill-treatment, outrage. Also as a. fetha, naye ametwaa, I gave the
-tushi, degraded, insulted, abased, money, and he received. Alitwaa
mean, low. (Cf. prec.) miji mingi, he seized (got possession
Tusi, n. {ma-), a litter, palanquin, of) many towns. Twaa ruhusa,
sedan, sling or hammock for carrying receive leave. Ps. twawa, e. g.
a person. (Cf. machela, and j'eneza.) ametwawa na ghururi, he is seized
—
Tuta, n. {ma-), a raised bed for with infatuation, but commonly in
planting, a long ridge of earth with the Ap. Ps. form twaliwa, which
deep furrows on either side. (Also thus means both (1) be taken, seized,
perh. tuta, v. pile up. Nt. tutika, received, or (2) be robbed of, have
and Rv. tutua, take down, lower, something taken from (or, for) one,
deceive,— but not used in Z.) lose. See below. Nt. twalika.
Tutuka, v. rise in little swellings Ap. twa-lia, -liwa, -lika, e. g. take
{tutu, Kr.). (Cf. follg.) (receive) from (for, with, at, &c),
Tutuma, v. (i) make a rumbling rob of, relieve, rid a person of, take
(muttering, grumbling, growling) on behalf of, &c. Hence twaliana.
sound, e. g. thunder, the bowels, &c, Cs. and Rp. not used.
— perh. imitative (cf. tetema) or con- Twana, Twaana, Twazana, v.
nected with (2) swell up, bubble be like, resemble each other, some- —
up, boil up, and fig. be puffed up, times with stira, uso, of personal
swell up, e. g. with pride, anger, &c. resemblance. (Cf. fanana, li-
Hence also a Nt. tutum'ka, in same ngana.)
sense, and Cs. tutunf-sha, -shwa. Twanga, v. clean grain by pound-
(Cf. mtutumo, tuttwiua, and syn. ing in a mortar, pound in order to
guna, nguruma, and fziriha.) get off the husks. Ps. twangwa.
Tutumua, v. Rv. of tuttima, draw Nt. twangika. Ap. twang-ia, -iwa.
together, e.g.Jitutumua, gather one- Cs. twang-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. mtwa-
self up,— as for an effort. (^Cf. ngo, and cf. kinu, ponda.)
prec. and nyata, kunja.) Tweka, v. and a variant Twika,
Tuza, v. make a present (to), give hoist up, raise from the ground, lift
as a reward (to). Mumexve aka- on to a person's shoulders or head,
mtuza mganga mchele, her husband esp. of loads, but also t. tanga
gave the doctor a present* of rice. {bendera), hoist a sail (a flag). Ps.
 TWETA 387 U-
twekwa. Nt. twekeka. Ap. fasten, fungua, unfasten, and fufua,
twek-ea, -ewa. Rp. Iwekana. (Cf. raise to life, (Rd.) from fa, die.
syn. imia,pandisha, kweza.) B. in nouns, as the characteristic
Tweta, v. pant, gasp, catch the initial of a large class, like m and
breath, —of any irregular or difficult ki, —and in contrast with m and ki,
breathing. Ap. twetea. (Cf. the most general and characteristic
mtweto, and syn. kokota roho, vuta use of ti is to form abstract nouns,
ptumczi.) and any suitable root of verb, noun,
Twiga,
Twika,
n.
v.
(
— ), a
like tweka,
giraffe.
but perh.
or adjective may be given an abstract
meaning by simply prefixing u, with
only of lifting loads on to the head or without a change in the final
or shoulder. Jitwika, lift on to one's syllable. E.g. cf. mtu, a man (a
own head. Cs. twisha, intens. living organized thing), kitu, a thing,
of loading another person. (Cfi an object (a man, only when regarded
tweka.) as a thing), and utu, humanity,
human nature, and also sometimes
JJ. matter, substance (though this is
usually covered by kitu). This being
U represents the sound of u in the so, it is impracticable to attempt a full
English rule, or, when not accented, list of actual and possible abstract
in full. Uu is written when the nouns in u, and a selection is made
sound is very marked and sustained, of those most common or remarkable.
as in kukuu, dist. kuku. The u class contains, however,
Before another vowel sound, u is many nouns with concrete meanings,
commonly pronounced as a consonant, e. g. ufagio, a brush, uftinguo, a key,
i. e. w, and words not found under utando, ukoko, umajtde, and in a
the one may be looked for under the large number of u- nouns (1) there
other. is no plural, or (2) the only plural in
Uis used independently D
common use has the pfx. of 5 (P),
A. as a verb-form, (i) you are, ma-, usually denoting concrete forms
agreeing with the pron. of the 2 or cases of the abstract expressed by
Pers. Sing., i.e. wewe, or (2) it is, the singular; (3) the rest following
agreeing with D 2 (S), D 4 (S), e.g. the rather difficult grammatical rules
mzigo ti mzito, the load is heavy. for D 4 (P).
B. occasionally as conj. and, e.g. Two other meanings of u, as a
tatu ti nussu, three and a half. (Cf. noun-pfx., may be compared with
Ar. wa.) the abstract meaning, viz. (1) u-
TJ- (before a vowel, W-) as a forma- to denote the inward (and relatively
tive pfx. is used smaller) part of an object, its sub-
A. in verbs, as (1) the pfx. of the stance, or quality (cf. tibongo, ubuyu,
2 Pers. Sing., subjective only, e.g. udevu, udole, ufupa), and (2) u- to
unapenda, wapenda (for uapenda), denote a country. E. g. cf. Mziingu,
you love. (2) the pfx., subjective a European, kiztingu, something
and objective, agreeing with 2 (S), D
European, esp. European language,—
D 4 (S), e. g. mti ttnaota, the tree Uzungu, the European's country, but
grows. Uimbo waupenda, you like also the quality of being European.
the song. (3) inserted before the Obs. further that (1) tc initial in
final a of any verb, it forms the nouns is sometimes not formative,
derived stem which may be called but part of the root (2) u and are ;

Reversive, as commonly reversing often not clearly distinguished in

the meaning of the root, e. g. funga, Swahili, esp. in Arabic words, whieh
c c 2
 — ;

TJA 388 UBALE

make no distinction ; (3) u followed Uangalifu, n. carefulness, atten-
by another u or w often coalesces tion. (Cf. follg.)
with it, e.g. tiwambo, uambo,wambo. Uangalizi, n. (ma-), observation,
C. in adjectives, u- (w-) sometimes taking notice, care. (Cf. angalia^)
takes the place of m-, mw-, to mark Uangamizi, n. (ma-), ruin, col-
agreement with (1) D
1 (S), viz. in lapse, description. (Cf. angamia.)
the pronom. adj. -angn, -ako, &c. Uapo, n. (nyapo), (1) a swearing,
(2) D 2 (S), D
4 (S), not only in the an oath (cf. apa) (2) also wapo, a ;

pronom. adj. but also in -ote, -enyi, giving, a gift, e. g. ndio uapo mnono,
-enyewe; (3) D
4 (S), in a few other that is a rich present. (Cf. pa v.,
adjs., viz. uchungu, ume, uttipit. kipaji. )
The meaning of many nouns in u- *Uarabu, n. (1) country of the
is more fully indicated under an Arabs, Arabia, — commonly Arabuni,
adjective or verb of the same root, to or Manga ; (2) Arab nature. (Dist.
which reference is given. A word nkarabu).
not found under TJ may be looked Uashi, n. art of mason's work,
for under the next letter, or under building with stone, masonry, a
W. Plurals of 21 nouns are some- mason's fee. (Cf. aka, as/ia, m-
times irregular, and given in full. washi.)
Ua, n. {viand), a flower. Omnia *Uasi, n. (maasi), rebelliousness,
Jtiaua, pick flowers. Toa maua, disobedience, rebellion, revolt, mu-
come into flower. (Cf. chanua.) tiny. Fanya tiasz kwa Sultani,
Ua, n. (nyua), (1) an enclosure, revolt against the Sultan. (Ar.)
commonly an open court or back- Uayo, n. (nyayo), also Unyago,
yard attached to a house, and fenced andWayo, sole of the foot, footprint,
with sticks, plaited leaves, or a footstep, track. (Cf. hatua.)
hedge. Also (2) a fence of this Ubaba, n. paternity, fatherhood.
kind, i. e. na wa nyasi (miti, makuti, (Cf. baba,umama.)
mabua), a fence of grass (sticks, Ubabwa, n. and (1) Ubwabwa,
leaves, stalks). gruel, pap, e.g. rice, esp. as made
Ua, v. kill, destroy life. Ps. for hungry children or invalids,
uawa. Ap. ulia, tiliwa. Ulia boiled with water enough to make a
mbali, kill outright, kill off entirely. paste, or (2) rice cooked plainly,
Hence uliana. Rp. nana. (Cf. without cocoanut juice. Cf. the
-uaji,and syn. Jisha, chinja, piga.) riddle Ubabwa wa mtoto mtamu, a
Ua-, for words beginning with child's pap is nice, —
the answer being
these letters, see also under "Wa-. tisingizi, sleep. (Cf. matabwa-
Uadui, Uahadi. See Wadui, tabwa, uji, wali.)
Wahadi. *Ubadili, Ubadilifu, n. (ma-),
Uambo, n. See Uwambo. change, changeableness, exchange,
Uambukizo, n. (nyamb. and ma- interchange. (Ar. Cf. badili.)
amb.), infection, infectiousness. (Cf. *Ubahili, n. miserliness, niggard-
ambukiza.) liness. (Ar. Cf. bahili, and syn.
Uamini, Uaminifu, n. honesty, ukabithi, choyo.)
trustworthiness, &c. (Cf. amini.) *Ubaini, Ubainifu, n. clearness,
Uandamizi, Uandamano, n. (ny- demonstrability, notoriety, demon-
and. and maand.), a following, a stration, evidence. (Ar. Cf. baini,
procession. (Cf. andamizi, anda- and syn. thahiri, wazi.)
mano.) Ubale, n. (mbale), strip, slice,
Uanga, n. and Wanga (which piece, e. g. ?nbale za muhogo, cassava
see). cut in pieces lengthways, called also —
 UBALEHI 389 TJBILISI
kopa {ma-) when dried. The pro- —
house, wing, outhouse, lean-to.
cess of cutting is lenga (also kata) (Cf. kipenu.)
mbale. Kr. distinguishes ubale *Ubatili, n. nullity, emptiness,
(mbale) from mbale (mibale), some- vanity, futility, uselessness. Mtu wa
what larger pieces, and bale (mabale) haki haamui zibatili, a just man does
of the largest. pande, mpande,
(Cf. not give worthless judgement. (Ar.
kipande, and utamba, mbamba, Cf. batili.)
bamba.) TJbau, n. (mbau), board, plank, cut
*Ubalehi, n. marriageable age, timber. Pasua mbau, saw in pieces
adult state, puberty. (Ar. Cf. (or, saw out) planks. (Cf. bau.)
balehi, and syn. uzima, upevu.) Ubavu, n. (mbavu), a rib, side of
Ubali, n. (mbali), distance, being the body, or anything corresponding
distant, —
seldom used, but seeMbali, to it in relative position, e.g. skirt
and cf. ubele. (slope, flank) of a mountain, side,
*Ubalozi, n. office (position, work, wing (of an army, &c). Mbavuni
salary) of a consul. (Cf. balozi.) mwa, at the side of, on the flanks of.
TJbaraba, n. (bamba), thin or flat Ubawa, n. (mbawa), a wing fea-
piece of stone, wood, or metal, — chip, ther. Funua mbawa, spread out
strip, flake, sheet, a flat peg. (Cf. the wing feathers. (Cf. bawa, a
follg.and mbamba, bamba, -emba- wing.)
mba.) *I7bawabu, n. office (work, pay)
TJbambo, (bambo), a thin
n. of a door-keeper (gaoler, turnkey).
grooved skewer, like a cheesetaster, (Ar. Cf. bawabu, and syn. tmgojezi
used for testing and sampling bags cua mlango.)
of rice. (Cf. prec.) TTbaya, n. (ma-), badness, wicked-
Ubango, n. ibango), reed, —but in ness, corruptness, ugliness. (Cf.
Z. tete is usual. -baya, and syn. twvu, contr. uzuri,
*Ubani, n. frankincense. (Hind. we ma.)
Cf. udi, uvumba.) *Ubazazi, n. (ma-), occupation
Ubapa, n. (bapa), the flat part of (condition, habits, &c.) of a shop-
anything, a flat surface, — e.g. the keeper, —
bargaining, buying, and sell-
blade of a knife, ubapa wa kisu. ing, &c. (Ar. Cf. bazazi.)
(Cf. bapa, and kengee.) Ubele, n. position in front, a step
*Ubarathuli, n. foolishness, sim- forward, progress, promotion, ad-
pleness, being easily duped. Cf. vancement, success. Fata ubele, be
Ujinga wa kuuza si tibarathuli wa promoted. (Cf. mbele, adv.,prob.
kununua, to be outwitted in selling plur. of ubele, cf. ubali, mbali.)
is better than to be duped in buying. Ubeleko, n. See Mbeleko.
(Ar. Cf. barathuli, and syn. uji- Ubembe, Ubembelezi, n. (bembe,
nga, uzuzti.) mabembe), coquetry, coaxing,
flirting,
*Ubaridi, n. (i), coldness, cool- wheedling, fondling, allurement.
ness ; (2) a chilling manner, dullness ;
(Cf. bemba, bembe.)
(3) comfort, convalescence. (Ar. *Ubeti, n. (beti), verse, stanza,
Cf. baridi, burtcdisha.) strophe. (Ar. Cf. beti, and
*TJbashiri, n.(ma-), proclamation, shairi.) -^
prediction, announcement. (Ar. Ubichi, unripeness, immaturity,
n.
Cf. bashiri, — also hubiri, tabiri.) freshness, rawness, greenness. (Cf.
*Ubathiri, Ubathirifu, n. extra- -bichi.)
vagance, prodigality. (Ar. Cf. *Ubilisi, n. same as ushetani,
and syn. tipotevu.)
bathiri, devilry, madness. (Ar. Cf. bilisi,
Ubati, n. (bati), an addition to a shetani.)
 ) ;

UBINADAMU 390 TJCHAWI

Ubinadamu, n. human nature, baobab tree, — a slightly acid biscuit-
humanity. (Cf. binadamu, and like substance, when ripe, occasionally
syn. utu, wanadamu.) eaten. E. g. hawakuona kitu ndani
Ubinda, n. (inbinda). See U- ya mabuyzi ilia tibuyu mtupu, they
—
binja, TJwinda, different words, found nothing inside the calabashes
both of which seem to be also thus except the pith.
pronounced. (Cf. binda, bindo.) Ubwabwa, n. See Ubabwa.
Ubingwa, n. cleverness, profi- Ubwana, n. (1) mastership, quali-
ciency, quality of a good workman. powers) of a master; (2)
ties (rights,
(Cf. bingwa, and syn. tcstadi, wele- an overbearing, domineering, tyran-
kevu.) nical, masterful character. (Cf.
Ubinja, n. (mbinja), also Uwinja, bwana.)
Ubinda, a whistling noise, whistle, Uchacrie, n. (1) fewness, scarcity,
i. e. the act or sound of whistling. want, slightness; (2) rarity, being
Piga tnbinja, whistle. (Cf. miunzi, scarce, (and so) of value. Ucha-
msonyo, kibinja, and dist. uwinda.) che wapioyo, lack of spirit, feebleness
Ubishi, n. (mbishi, mabishi), (i) of character. (Cf. -chache, haba.)
joking, a joke, jest, fun (cf. mzahd), Uchafu, n. uncleanness, filthiness,
(2) refractoriness, contrariness, strife, dirt. (Cf. -chafu, and follg.)
opposition, obstructiveness. Ubishi Uchafuko, n. (ma-), disorder,
mwingi huvuta mateto, joking carried muddle, mess, chaos, disorganization,
too far leads to quarrelling. (Cf. unsettlement, confusion. (Cf. cha-
bisha, also tikaidi, utundu, ushi- fu ka.)
ndani.) Uchaga, n. and Uchala, store-
Ubivu, n. ripeness, maturity, be- place for grain, as used on the —
ing well-cooked. (Cf. -bivu, iva.) mainland, but utaa more usual in Z.
Ubongo, n. (mbongo), brain sub- (Cf. mchago, utaa.)
stance, brain, marrow. (Cf. bongo.) Ucbaguo, Uchaguzi, n. a choos-
Ubono, n. (mbono), seed of the ing, daintiness, fastidiousness, habit
castor-oil plant (inbond). of criticism. (Cf. chagua, and
TJbora,n. excellence, pre-eminence, uteuo.
fine quality (of any kind). (Cf. Uchaji, n. fear, respect, awe,
bora.) reverence. (Cf. cha v., kicho,
Ubovu, n. rottenness, unsoundness, and syn. ho/u, woga.)
corruption, badness, putrefaction. Uchakacho, n. a rustling sound,
(See -bovti, and cf. uozi, uovu, and rustle, e.g. of leaves, clothes, &c.
ubaya.) (Also perh. titakaso, cf. chakacha.)
Ubua, n. (mbua), used for bua Uchala, n. See Uchaga.
(mabua) of the smaller kinds of grain- Uchale, n. (chale), gash, cut, in-
bearing stalk, e. g. of mpunga, m- cision. (See Chale.)
wele, and of the stalk, as substance Uchanga, n. (1) immaturity, un-
and material. (Cf. bua.) ripeness, early stage of development,
Ububu, n. dumbness. (Cf. bubu.) babyhood, littleness (see -changa)
Ubugu, n. (mbugu), stem of a (2) a grain of sand. (Cf. mchanga.)
creeping plant, used as cord. (Cf. Uchango, n. (chango), (1) smaller
mbzigu, mbungo.) intestine; (2) worm in the intestine.
*Uburudisho, n. cooling, refresh- (Cf. chango.)
ment, recreation, relief. (Ar. Cf. Uchawi, n. witchcraft, sorcery,
baridi, burudisha.) black arts, magic. Hapana maneno
Ubuyu, n. the pithy substance or ya uchawi kwa ivatu Waswahili,
kernel inside the nut produced by a Swahilis have nothing to do with
 TTCHEPECHEPE 391 TJDUGTX
witchcraft, i.e. they leave it to the grudge, -a uchungu, and commonly
savages {washenzi). (Cf. tcchawi, uchungu alone utupu) as adj.,
(cf.

and see Mganga, Uganga.) bitter, painful, angry,and obs. the

Uchepechepe, n. being moist, wet, adv. kiuchungu. (Cf. -chunga,
watery, &c. (See Chepechepe, -kali, mchomo, umivu.)
and cf. nituba, tc?naji.) Udaku, n. (daku), (1) objection,
Uchi, n. nakedness, nudity, — less demurrer, protest; (2) news got hold
vulgar than utiipn (which see'. of secretly, gossip, rumour. Also
Used also as adj. Washenzi isja hiiko udakuzi, getting hold of stories, tell-
7ichi, the savages in that part go ing tales, &c. (See Daka,Dakizo,
naked.
Uchipuko, n. shoot,
(chipuko),
Dakua, and Dukiza,
word.)
— perh. same

sprout, blade, — of a growing plant. *Udalali, n. profession of salesman

(Cf. chipuka.) or auctioneer, salesman's commission
Uch.oeh.oro, n. (ma-), narrow pas- or fee. (Ar. Cf. dalali.)
sage, lane, alley, e. g. between native Udanganyifu, n. (ma-), craftiness,
houses in a town. (Cf. chochoro, cunning, deceitfulness, imposture.
and ujia.) (Cf. danganya, and syn. ujanja, we-
TJchokozi, n. (ma-), teasing, an- revu, hila.)
noyance. (Cf. chokoza.) TJdevu, n. (ndevu), a hair of the
TJchomozi, n. (i) coming out, face, — of the whiskers, moustache,
bursting out, and so (2) of the sun, &c. (Cf. ndevu, kidevu, and tinyele.)
getting hot, scorching. *Udi, n. and Uudi, aromatic aloe-
(Cf. cho-
moza.) —
wood, used for fumigation \vukizo).
Uchongo, n. (1) being one-eyed (Ar. Cf. zibani, uvumba.)
(cf. chongo) (2) discharge from a weak
;
*Udibaji, n. (1) adornment, artistic
or diseased eye (also utongd). form, style (2) mere form as opp. to ;

Uchovu, n. (1) weariness, fatigue; substance, and so, delusion, outward —

(2) producing weariness, tediousness, show, deceit. (Ar. Cf. dibaji.)
dullness. (Cf. -chovu, choka.) *T7dobi, n. occupation of a washer-
TJehoyo, n. See Choyo. man, laundry work, payment for
Uchu, n. longing, yearning, earnest washing. (Hind. Cf. dobi, and
wish. (Cf. shanko, tamaa.) ufuaji,fua.)
Uchukuti, n. central part, or mid- Udogo, n. littleness, smallness,
rib,of cocoanut leaf. (Cf. kuti.) insignificance. (Cf. -dogo.)
TTcrmkuzi, n. getting carried, con- Udole, n. (ndole), finger, toe, — but
veyance, cost of carriage, porterage. in Z. kidole. Udole is used of the nail
(Cf. chukua, mchtikuzi.) of a finger (in Z. ukucha) and claw
Uchumba, n. relation of lovers, of an animal. (Cf. dole, kidole.)
of lover, and sweetheart, wooing, Udongo, n. soil, earth, clay, — in-
being wooed, lover's gift. The lover cluding surface-soil, potter's material,
supplies his bride with clothes till red earth used in making mortar, &c.
marriage, ngiio za uchumba. (See *Udufu, n. poorness of quality,
Mchumba.) weakness, thinness, dullness, insipi-
Uchumi, (1) way of earning profits, dity, worthlessness, exhaustion, good-
trade, business, occupation; ',2) pro- for-nothingn«s. (Ar. Cf. dufu,
fits, earnings, salary, —
in this sense and syn. tithaifu, lihajifu.)
also uchumo. (Cf. chuma, chumo. ) Udugu, n. brotherhood, kinsman-
Uchungu, n. (1 ) sharp pain, smart, ship, being of same family or clan or
bitterness, bitter taste; (2) fig. re- tribe. (Cf. ndngu, and syn. uja-
sentment, anger, offended feeling, ??iaa, utani.)
 UDUI 392 UFTJFUKO
Udui, n. (ndui), a pimple, a vesicle. ransom. (Ar. See Fidia, and cf.
Hence ndui, small-pox. dia, tikombozi.)
Uduvi, n. also Nduvi, Duvi, *Ufifilisi, n. distraining, selling up,
shrimp, prawn. Also called kamba disposing of a debtor's goods, and —
(which see). Uduvi is also used more generally, financial ruin, whether
collectively. self-caused (i.e. extravagance, waste)
Ue-, for words beginning with or otherwise. (Ar. Ci.filisi, and
these letters, see also under We-. syn. angamiza, poteza.)
*Uele, n. sickness, illness, esp. of Ufinyanzi, n. also with final -gi,
a severe and crippling kind, confining -ji, for -zi, art (trade, work, wages,
the patient to bed. U. wa macho, &c.) of a potter. (Cf.finyanga,
ophthalmia. U. wa viungo, rheu- and fitty a.)
matism. (Ar. Cf. -ele, and syn. *TJfisadi, Ufisiki, n.,vice, vicious-
ugonjwa, marathi.) ness, debauchery, fornication. (Ar.
TJembe, n. See Wembe. Cf.fisadi.)
Ufa, n. (iiyttfd), a crack, split, slit, *TJfithuli, n. (fithuli), insolence,
cleft, rent, tear, — or similar aperture. arrogance, contemptuous temper, out-
Fanya Usipoziba
{lid) ufa, crack, v. rage, wanton insults. (Ar. Cf.
ufa, utajenga ukuta, if you neglect fithulika.)
a crack, you will have to build a *TJritina, n., commonly Fitina
wall. (which see). (Ar.)
Ufafanusi, n. (ma-), explanation, Ufito, n. (fitd), long thin piece of
revelation, interpretation, telling out, wood, stick, rod, lath, or anything
publishing abroad. (Cf.fafanua, similar in appearance, e. g. thin bar
and syn. elezo.) of metal, ufito wa chuma, rod iron,
TJfagio, n. {fagid), small broom, iron bar (cf. upad). Often of the
small brush, i.e. commonly a bundle thin straight sticks used on native
of leaf-strips tied together and used roofs to carry the thatch, laid cross-
for rough sweeping, e. g. footpaths, wise horizontally on the rafters.
floors, &c. (Ci.fagia.) (Cf. fimbo, and for sticks generally,
*Ufahamu, n. (fa/iamtt), (i) re- bakora.)
memory (2) intelligence,
collection, ;
TJfizi, n. ( fizi),
—
gum, of the jaw.
sense consciousness , recognition com-
, , Ufo, n.(nyufd), act (place, state,
prehension. Fahamu zikamrejea, his manner, &c.) of dying. (Cf. -fa,
senses returned to him, he recovered kifo, -fu, and follg., and syn. mauti.)
consciousness. (Ar. Qi.fahamu, TJfu, n. state of being dead, death,
and syn. akili, moyo.) deadness, numbness. (Cf. prec.)
TJfalme, n. {Jaime, mafalme, — Ufuaji, n. the act (manner, occu-
both seldom used), (1) chieftainship, pation) of beating, washing clothes,
kingship, royalty; (2) sway, rule, &c. (Cf.fua, and syn. udobi.)
dominion (3) sphere of dominion,
;
TJfuasi, n. {fuasi, and ma-), fol-
kingdom. (Cf. mfalme, and syn. lowing, accompanying, e.g. of musi-
enzi, mamlaka, ukuu.) cal accompaniment. (Cf. fuata,
TJfanani, n. likeness, resemblance. mfuasi.)
(Cf. fanana, mfano.) ITfufuko, Ufufuo, n. (fufuko,
*TJfasaria, n. (fasaka) and TJfa- fufud), restoration of life, raising
sihi, elegance, aesthetic taste, purity of from death, revival, renewing, restart-
style, correct form, — esp. of a literary ing, —the neut. form in -ko meaning
kind. (Ar. Cf. fasihi, and syn. properly ' being restored to life, being
dibaji, ttsahihi, uswaji.) renewed,' &c. (Cf. fnfua, -fa, and
*Ufidiwa, n. {Jidiwa), ransoming, syn. htiisha.)
 UFUEABA 393 UGEUZI
*Ufukara, n. utter destitution, Ufupisho, n. shortening, contrac-
beggary, poverty. (Ar. Cf. fnkara, tion. (Cf. prec.)
fakiri, hohehahe, and syn. mas hint.') Ufusio, n. sprinkling of small
Ufuko, n. (fuko), sandy margin stones on a fresh-laid concrete floor,
of the seashore about high-water to bring it to a smooth surface.
mark, i. e. maji ya bahari yakomapo, (Cf. fusia, kifusi.)
— pwani, including the whole shore —
Ufuta, n. semsem, the oil from
to low-water mark. E. g. tdichokia- which is called mafuta ya tita.
cha pwani kakingoje ufukoni, the (Cf. mafuta?)
thing you left out on the shore, ex- Ufuu, n. the nutty part of a cocoa-
pect to find washed up on the sand. nut inside the shell [kiftcu), extracted
The Act. form ufuo is also used. by grating. Called chicha when
(Cf. fua, used of the beating of the mixed with water, and the oil strained
waves on the shore, and tifukwe, the out. (Cf. nazi, chicha, tut. Dist.
fine white sand of the shore. Dist. fuu, the fruit.)
mfuko, kifnko fuko a bag.)
,
i Ufuzi, n. (fuzi, mafuzi), a hair of
Ufukwe, n. (i) the fine whi.e sand the armpits, or of the pudenda.
formed by the beating of waves on Ufyozi, n. (1) making a contemp-
the shore (cf. prec.) (2) fig. utter tuous whistling noise between the
;

destitution (cf. ufukara). teeth, so generally (2) a defiant, in-

TJfumbi, n. (ma-), depression be- solent manner of acting or speaking.
tween hills, valley, bottom. In Z. (Cf.fyoa.)
commonly bonde. —
Uga, n. ( ), an open space in a
Ufundi, n. art (position, work, town, or round a house. E. g. akafika
wages) of a fundi, i. e. a skilled ugani panapo He nytwiba, he arrived
mechanic, artisan, master workman. at the open place, where the house
Pata uf, become a master (after stood. (Cf. uwanja, peupe, and
being an apprentice, mwanafunzi). dist. ua.)
Piga uf, show off. (Cf. fundi, Ugali, n. a stiff porridge, com-
fundisha.) monly made of mtama, millet, mixed
Ufunga, n. (fungd), a stone bench with water and cooked.
or seat of masonry, usually against Uganga, n. (ma-), (1) art (pro-
the wall in front of the house, for the fession, fee) of a native doctor, doc-
reception of visitors. (Cf. baraza.) toring, healing, surgical and medical
—
Ufungu, n. (ftngu), (1) relation- aid, including use of charms, &c (see
ship, connexion (2) a relative, kins- Mganga).
;
Also (2) medicine,
man. E. g. ufimgu wangu anaktija, charm. E. g. pika (fanya, weka)
one of my family is coming. (Cf. ttganga, concoct (make, place in
ukoo, ndzigu, akrabbafamaa, mlani.) position) native medicine. Maganga,
Ufunguo, n. (funguo), (1) act used of a doctor's appliances, ma-
(means, mode, &c.) of opening, com- terials, and operations generally.
mencement, exordium, preface (2) (Cf. ganga, and cont. uchawi.)
—
a key, the commonest use, e. g.
;

Ugeni, n. (1) state or condition

killa vilango na ufmguo wake, every of a stranger or foreigner, newness,
door has a key (means of opening). strangeness ; (?) state of being a
f
(Cf. funga, ungual) guest (3) a foreign region or country,
;

Ufuo, n. See Ufuko. foreign parts. Safiri ugenini, travel

Ufupa, n. bony substance, cartilage, abroad, in foreign countries. (Cf.
gristle. (Cf. mfupa, kifupa,fupa.) -geni.)
Ufupi,n. shortness, brevity. (Cf. Ugeuzi n (geuzi, mageuzi) chang-
, . ,

-fupi, fupiza, and contr. tirefu.) ing, changeableness, change, varia-

 ,

UGHAIBU 394 UHTJRTJ

tion, turning round. (Cf. geuka, *Uhafifu, n. lightness, cheapness,
geu, and syn. ubadili.) commonness, poor quality, worth -
*Ughaibu, n. See Uraibu. lessness. (Ar. Cf. hafifu.)
TTgo, n. (nyztgo), (i) enclosure, *Uhai, being alive, life.
n. (Ar.
fenced court, yard; (2) fence. In Z. Cf. hai, huisha, and syn. -zima,
commonly ua. (Cf. uga, ua.) is hi.)
Ugomba, n. (gombd), fibre from *TJhali, n. state, condition, circum-
the banana stalk (mgombd), very stances, —
for the more common hali
strong and fine. (which see), and dist. mahali,pahali.
Ugomvi, n. (gomvi, magomvi), (Ar.)
quarrelsomeness, contentiousness, bad *TJh.alifu, n. {lialifu, or mahalifu)
temper, wrangling, a quarrel. (Cf. disobedience, transgression, breaking
gomba, -gomvi, gombana.) rules, rebellion, naughtiness. (Ar.
Ugonjwa, n. {gonjwa, magonjwa), Cf. halifu, and syn. nasi, ukaidi.)
being ill, sickness, disease, ill health. *TJharabu, n. destructiveness, mis-
Shikwa na{patwa najngia) ugonjwa, chievousness, vandalism. (Ar.
get ill.Tia (fanya) ugonjwa, cause Cf. uharibifu, harabu, haribu, and
sickness. Ondoa {pony a) u., cure syn. uvzmjifu.)
sickness. Toka ugonjwani, poa *Uharamia, n. brigandage, piracy,
ugonjwa, recover from sickness. outlawry. (Ar. Cf. haramia,
(Cf. -gonjwa, gonjweza, and syn. haramtt.)
marathi, uweli.) *"CTharara, n. (1) warmth, heat;
Ugono, n. (ngono), sleeping-time, (2) hastiness, impetuosity, violence.
— and so, night. (Cf. ngono.) (Ar. Cf. harara, hari.)
Ugua, v. (1) become sick, fall ill, *Uharibifu, n. destruction, spoil-
be in pain, be ailing (2) groan,
;
ing, corruption, mortality, waste.
wail. Ap. ugu-lia, -liwa, e. g. (Ar. Cf. haribu, uharabu, and syn.
nguo za kuugulia, mourning dress. tipotevu.)
Ugulia nyumba, be ill in a house. *U"hasidi, n. and Uhusuda,
Unauguliwa, you have sickness in envy, spite, malignity. (Ar. Cf.
your house. Cs. ugu-za, -zwa, (1) hasidi, and syn. uwivu.)
cause to be ill, produce sickness but ; *Uhassi, n. castration, being a
commonly (2) attend in sickness, as eunuch. (Ar. Cf. hassi, mahsai.)
nurse, treat or doctor a sick person. *TThawara, n. being a paramour.
(Cf. mwuguzi, uguzi, also ugonjwa, (Ar. Cf. hawara, hawa, and dist.
and hawezi.) usuria, ukahaba.)
Ugumu, hardness,
n. solidity, TJhiana, n. hardness, toughness,
firmness, resolution, bravery, severity, resistance, obstinacy, unkindness,
insensibility, &c. (Cf. -gumu.) unfairness. (Cf. hiana, and syn.
Uguzi, n. (mauguzi), nursing the ugumu?)
sick, care of sick people, operations *Uhitaji, n. (hitaji, mahitaji) , (1)
(materials, means, &c.) of nursing. want, need, requirement, desire (2) ;

(Cf. ugua, and mlezi.) indigence, necessitous condition.

Ugwe, n. {iigwe, and nyugwe), (Ar. Cf. hitaji.)
string, small cord, and anything used *TJhodari, n. strength, firmness,
as such. (Cf. kigive, kitani, ability, resolution, courage, skill.

kamba.) (Cf. hodari, and syn. nguvu, uwezo.)

*Uhaba, n. (1) fewness, scantiness, Uhunzi, n. work (trade, condition,
rarity ; (2) being too few, deficiency, wages) of a smith, metal-working.
lack. (Ar. Cf. haba, and syn. (Cf. mhunzi, and mfua chu?na.)
-chache.') *Uhuru, n. freedom, liberty,
 UHUSUDA 395 UJITAHIDI
emancipation- Chetiuhuru, tions, construction, designing, archi-
cha
freedom-certificate. Mtumwa
ame- tecture. Majenzi, buildings, also —
pewa uhuru, the slave has been eman- majengo. (Ci.jenga, ?njenzi.)
cipated. (Ar. Cf. hum, and *TJjetiri, n. more commonly Jeuri
ungwana.) (ma-), violence, insolence, outrage,
*Uh,usuda, n. See Uhasidi. tyranny. (Ar. Cf. jeuri, and syn.
(Ar.) uthalimti, ukorqfi.)
Uiari, see Urari. —
TJji, n. gruel, i. e. rice or other
Uima, n. and adv. and Wima, grain made into a soup or paste.
uprightness (of position), upright. Cf. zcbabwa, and wali (rice so cooked
E. g. watu waliosimama uima, peo- that all the grains are separate and
ple who stood upright. (Cf. ima.) dry). Humpa ztji, halafu hukampa
Uimbaji, n. being a singer (min- ubabwa, he gives him rice-porridge,
strel, chorister), singing (as a practice and presently gruel.
or profession). (Cf. imba, and Ujia, n. (? njia, majid), a passage,
follg.) —
narrow path, used (rarely) to mark
Uimbo, n. (nyimbo), also *TO imbo, a difference from the common general
a singing, a song. (Cf. i?nba, and term njia, which is perh. its plur.
prec.) form. (Cf. -ja, and follg.)
TJivu, n. and TJwivu, jealousy, Ujima, n. work in common, co-
envy. Lia uivu, weep for jealousy. operation, mutual help, — e.g. in
(Cf. -ivu, and husuda, hasidi.) building a house, planting or har-
Uizi, n. thieving, robbery, theft. —
vest, a common native practice, re-
(Cf. iba, mwizi, and syn. unyang- paid by a beer-drinking or by similar
anyi.) help on occasion. (Cf. shogoa.)
*Ujahili, n. boldness, bravery, Ujinamizi, n. bending (of the
courage. (Ar. Cf. jahili, and body), stooping, inclination. (Cf.
syn. ushujaa, ukali, ugumu.) ji, inama, and jinamizi.)
Ujaji. n. verbal of -ja, i. e. a com- Ujinga, n. rawness (of a new-
ing, but rarely used. (Cf. -ja, comer), ignorance, simplicity, folly.
ujio, majilio, and dist. uchaji, fear, Ujinga iva mtu ni werevu wake,
uchache, fewness.) a man's simplicity is (often) his
TJjalifu, n. fullness, being full. shrewdness. (Cf. -jinga, and syn.
(Cf.jaa, v. and ujazi.) uptwibafu, ubarathzdi.)
Ujana, n. youthfulness, youth, age *Ujini, n. the country or home
of kijana. (See Kijana, for de- of the genie (spirits, demons). (Ar.
finition of meaning, and Mwana.) Cf. jini.)
TJjane, n. the unmarried state, of— Ujio, n. (majid), act (manner,
bachelor, spinster, widow or widower. time, &c.) of coming, approaching.
(Cf. mjane.) (Cf. -ja, njia, and majilio, mjio.)
Ujanja, n. craftiness, cunning, *Ujira, n. and Ijara, hire, wages,
roguery, deceit, fraud. (Cf. -janja, recompense for work done. (Ar.
and syn. hi/a, zidanganyifu, hadaa.) Cf. ajiri, and ms/iakara.)
*TJjari, n. (njari), tiller-rope, in a *Ujirani, n. (i) having neighbours,
native vessel, i. e. kamba ya shikio, neighbours, neighbourliness, e. g.
or ya msukani. (? Ar.) ujirani nifetha katika kasha, neigh-
Ujazi, n. fullness, abundance, bours are money in a safe. (2)
plentiful supply. (Cf. jua, uja- neighbourhood, neighbouring district.
lifu, and syn. wingi. Dist. jazi, (Cf. jirani.)
ma-.) *Ujitahidi, n. energy, exertion,
Ujenzi, n. (ma-), building opera- effort, personal endeavour. E.g.
 UJUMBE 396 UKAYA
ujitahidi haiondoi a?nri ya Muungu, ukulifu (which see), or possibly
effort has no power against Provi- ukali?)
dence. (Ar. Ci.jitahidi, and syn. TJkambaa, (kambaa), cord, of
n.
tttendaji, bidii.) plaited like shupatu.
leaf-strips, —
TJjumbe, n. (i) office (dignity, sometimes used as a whip. (Cf.
duty, privilege, &c.) of a chief, chief- kamba, of cocoanut fibre.)
tancy, supremacy, royal dignity (cf. Ukame, n. barrenness, bareness,
mjumbe) (2) office, &c. of a mes-
;
waste condition, of land. —
(Cf.
senger, ambassador (cf. jumbe). kame, and ukiwa.)
(Cf. ufaline, ukun, usullani, uhtme.) *Ukamili, TJkamilifu, n. com-
TJjume, n. the art (profession, pleteness, perfection, consummation,
wages, &c.) of a mjiime (which (Ar. Cf. kamili, and syn. -timilifu,
see), high-class metal work, cutlery, -zima.)
&c. *Ukamio, n. (kamio), menacing,
*TJjusi, n. defilement, i. e. of a threatening, reproaching. (Cf.
ceremonial kind, e.g. after child- kamia, and syn. wogofya.)
birth, according to Mahommedan Ukanda, n. (kanda), a strip of
rules. (Ar. Cf. unajisi, uchafu.) leather, strap, thong. E. g. u kanda
Ujuvi, n. (ma-), impudence, im- wa kupigia, a scourge. U. wa
pertinence, sauciness, precocity, kuvalia soruali, a trouser-suspender.
knowingness. (Cf. jua, v., and U. wa uta, a bow-string. (Cf.
follg.) kanda, n.)
Ujuzi, n. possession of knowledge, Ukando, n. [kando), side, edge,
wisdom, sagacity, practical experi- margin. (See Kando.)
ence. (Cf. prec, and jua, v.) TJkango, n. (kango), (1) frying;
*Ukabithi, n. economy, close- (2) frying-pan. (See Kaango, Ka-
fistedness, hoarding. (Ar. Cf. anga.)
and syn. ubahili.)
kabithi, Ukano, n. (1) (kano), also Kano
*Ukadirifu, n. estimation, valua- ( — ), and Mkano (mi-), sinew, ten-
tion, assessment. (Ar. Cf. ka- don, —
but in Z. commonly mshipa
diri.) (which see); (2) verbal of kana, v.,
Ukaguzi, inspection, examina-
n. denial, contradiction.
tion, survey. (Cf. kagua.) Ukao, n. (kao), act (place, man-
*TJkahaba, n. prostitution, forni- ner, &c.) of remaining (staying, re-
cation. (Ar. Cf. kahaba.) siding), way of living, posture.
*Ukaimu, n. office (dignity, work, (Cf. kaa, v., kikao, makazi, &c.)
&c.) of a vicegerent, viceroyalty. *TJkarimu, n. generosity, liber-
(Ar. Cf. kaimu.) ality, hospitality, openhandedness.
TJkali, n. (ma-), (1) a sharp, acid (Ar. Cf. karimu, karamu, karama,
taste ; (2) sharpness, keenness, edge ; and syn. upaji.)
(3) strong character, firmness, reso- Ukata, n. poverty, destitution.
lution, spirit, bravery; (4) cruelty, (Cf. mkata.)
severity, tyranny, fury. (Cf. -kali, Ukavu, n. dryness, humour, intre-
makali, uchungu, uthabiti, ngumu, pidity, nonchalance. Ukavu wa
tikorofi. Dist. ukali as a verb- macho, an unconcerned, fearless,
form for ni, i. e. is, e.g. mtama ukali cool look. (Cf. -kavu, kauka.)
mmea, the millet is just growing up. TJkawa, n. (kawa), delay. (Cf.
See Li.) kawa, kawio, usiri.)
TJkalifu, n. intensity, severity, Ukaya, n. (kaya), a long piece of
keenness, e. g. ukalifzi wajua, scorch- thin blue calico or muslin, rolled
ing heat of the sun. (Prob. same as up and wound round the head and
 —
T7KAZI 397 UKOMBOZI
under the chin, leaving two long ends, *T7kiri, n. (1) acknowledgement,
— worn by married free women of confession, justification, admission.
the poorer class. Jitia ukirt, justify oneself, freely
Ukazi, n. act of residing (staying, allow. (2) for ukili, a plait of leaf-
remaining), right to reside, pay- strips. (Ar. Cf. kiri, and syn.
ment for lodging, &c. (Cf. ukao, ungama.)
kaa, v.) Ukiwa, n. solitariness, loneliness,
Uke, n. (i) womanhood, female abandonment, desolation, state of
condition, status, characteristics, being uninhabited. (Cf. -kiwa.)
but commonly for distinctness titu TJkiziwi, n. deafness. (Cf.
uke; (2) condition (privileges, duties) kiziwi, and ziba.)
of being a wife, e. g. uke na time ume- Uko, verb-form, you are (it is)
kwiska, we have ceased to be wife there, i.e. pfx. u agreeing with D 2 (S),
and husband (3) for the vulgar kutna,
;
D 4 (S), and with Pron. of 2 Pers.
vagina. (Cf. -ke, and contr. -time.) Sing, wewe, —
and -ko for adv. huko
Ukelele, n. {kelele, and ma-), a. of place or time, there, then. (Cf.
cry, shout, exclamation, noi e of u, ko.)
voices. (Cf. kelele. Also ukemi, Ukoa, n. {koa), ring or band of
rarely used in Z.) metal, e. g. as used on a sword sheath,
Ukengee, n. flat part of a cutting bridle, &c. (Cf. koa.)
instrument, blade of knife, &c. (C£ Ukofi, n. See Kofi, Ukufi.
kengee, and bapa.) Ukoga, n. {koga), used of accretions
TJkili, n. ( —
), a narrow length of or incrustctiuis, such as tartar on the
plaited leaf-strip. Such lengths teeth, scum on water, scurf on the
1
sewn together form the common mats skin, &c. (Cf. ukoko.)
of Zanzibar. Suka ukili, plait ukili. Ukohozi, n. {ma-), coughing, ex-
(See Mwaa, Mkindu.) pectoration, sputum, phthisis, any
*TJkinaifu, n. {kinaifu), self-suffi- chest affection causing coughing.
ciency, independence, fastidiousness, (Cf. kohoa, kifua.)
self-satisfaction, conceit. (Cf. kinai, TJkoka, n. a fine, creeping kind of
\ -kinaifu.) grass, largely collected and used as
TJkindu, n. {kindu), material from fodder for horses, donkeys, and cattle
the mkindu, or wild date palm, i. e. in Z. (Cf. kikoka,and the more
leaf used for plaiting, and fibre for general term majani.)
string. The fruit is kindu. (Cf. TJkoko, n. used of the hard burnt
mkindu, mwaa, ukili.) caked rice at the bottom or top of
Ukingo, n.{kingo), (1) act (means, a cooking pot, and perh. of other sub-
manner, &c.) of warding off, and so — stances in similar condition. (Cf.
used variously of a screen in a house, kikoko.)
an awning to keep off the sun, a fence Ukoma, n. leprosy. (Cf. also
for directing game to a trap, a barri- matana, balanga, balasi, and perh.
cade of trees across a road, a parapet conn, with koma.)
or balustrade, &c. (2) edge, rim,
;
Ukomba, n. a curved tool, used
margin, verge, border, e.g. of a river, for hollowing out by cutting and
precipice, pit, &c, edge of a squared scraping, e.g. jfor native wooden
or chamfered board. (Cf. kinga, mortars, drums, measures, canoes.
and ukando.) (Cf. kot?iba, v. and follg.)
TJkinzani, n. {kinzani, via-), ob- Ukombo, n. {kombo), curve, bend,
structiveness, contentiousness, petu- crook. (Cf. komba, kikombo, and
|
lance, objection, contradiction. (Cf. prec.)
kinga, kinzani?) Ukombozi, n. (1) rescue, ransom-
 ;

UKOMO 398 UKUMBIZI

ing, redemption, recovery ; (2) money Ukosekano, n. (ma-), like uko-
paid for redemption, ransom, fine. sefu (which see).
(Cf. komboa, mkombozi.) Ukosi, n. nape of the neck. (Cf.
Ukomo, n. (komo), act (manner, kikosi.)
time, place, &c.) of coming to a stop, *TJkubali, n. (1) acceptance, re-
end, halting-place, goal, end part, ception, consent, acquiescence; (2)
limit, destruction, death. U. wa njia acceptability, pleasingness. (Ar.
(kisa), end of a road (story). U. wa Cf. kubali, kibali.)
bahari, seashore. U. wa uso, fore- Ukubwa, n. greatness, whether
head. (Cf. koma, v., kikomo, and (1) materially, —
big, bulky, huge; or
perh. ukoma.) (2) morally, —
high, powerful, impor-
TJkonge, n. fibre of the mkonge, a tant,weighty, &c. (Cf. -kubwa,
kind of hemp. and kuu.)
Ukongojo,n. (kongojo), and Mko- Ukucha, n. (kucha, and ma-), nail
ngojo, a leaning on, a prop,
staff for (of finger or toe), claw, talon, hoof.
a crutch. (Cf. kongoja.) Piga (pelekd) uk., scratch, lacerate,
Ukongwe, n. extreme old age. claw.
(Cf. -kongwe.) TJkufi, n. (kitfi), as much as will
Ukono, n. (kono), used of the ten- lie on the flat of the hand, handful.
drils, by which plants grasp or cling Punje za mtama zinazopata ukufi, as
to anything, and of other hand-like much millet as would lie on the hand.
objects. (Cf. mkono, kikono.) (Cf. kofi, i. ukufi for ukofi.)
e.
Ukonyezo,n. (konyezo),(i) making *Ukufuru, n. (ma-), unbelief, in-
a silent or secret sign, esp. with fidelity, atheism, apostacy. Maku-
eyes or hands, a wink, a shrug furu, blasphemy, sacrilege, pro-
and (2) fig. hint, suggestion, warn- fane words or deeds. (Ar. Cf.
ing, allusion. (Cf. konyeza, and kafiri.)
kopesa?) Ukulifu, n. (1) being tired, re-
"Ukoo, n. (1) relationship, kinship, missness, yielding; (2) oppressive-
affinity, ancestry, pedigree, descent, ness, being overwhelming or too
family (cf. ujamaa, udngu, utani, much, &c. (Cf. kua, kulia, -kulifu,
akrabba, nasaba) (2) perh. better and ukalifu.)
;

ukowo, uncleanness, slovenliness, filth, Ukulima, n. (ma-), condition

dirt. (Cf. ujusi, uchafu, taka.) (employment, operations, &c.) of a
TJkope, n. (kope), a hair of the husbandman (peasant, tiller of the
eye-lash. Hatta ukope twaonea mzito, soil), agriculture, cultivation, pea-
even an eye-lash we feel a burden. santry. (Cf. lima, mkulima, mlimo,
(Cf. kope, kopesa, and udevu.) kilimo.)
Ukopi, n. (kopi), (1) borrowing TJkumbi, n. (kumbi), porch, ves-
and not repaying, knavery, cheating, tibule, outer hall, anteroom, inside —
deceit, fraud (cf. ujanja, hila, uda- a stone house, outside a mud house.
nganyifii) (2) thing borrowed, loan, Ingia (tiwd) kumbini is an euphem-
;

advance (oi.karatha ,maazimo). (Cf. istic expression for being circumcised,

kopa, mkopi.) i.e. to be excluded (for the time) from
Ukorofi, n. (korqfi), evil temper, entering the house. Hence kumbi
malignity, savagery, brutality, ty- for tohara, e.g. akamfanyia mtoto
ranny, &c. (Cf. -korqfi.) wake kumbi, he arranged for his son
Ukosefu, n. (ma-), failure (to to be circumcised. (Cf. s&ule.)
obtain, reach, get), lack, want, defi- Ukumbizi, n. (kumbizi), (1) a
ciency, defect, faultiness, shortcoming. clearing away, sweeping up, making
(Cf. kosa, -kosefu.) a clean sweep, gleaning ; (2) a push-
 UKUMBUKO 399 ULALO
ing off or away, thrusting aside. a cocoanut leaf. (Cf. kuti, ma-
(Cf. kumba.) kuti.)
Ukumbuko, Ukumbusho, n. a Ukuu, n. greatness, — but more in
calling to mind, remembering, re- a moral than material sense. (See
minding, remembrance, memorial, -kuu, and Kubwa.)
souvenir. (Cf. ktwibuka, kumbu- Ukwaju, n. [kwaju), a tamarind,
kumbu.) fruit of the mkwaju.
Ukumbuu, n. (kumbuu), girdle, Ukwasi, n. wealth, opulence,
sash, i.e. some textile material twisted riches. (Cf. -kivasi and its syn. ta-
or rolled up, and worn round the jiri, mwenyi mali.)
waist. (Cf. mshipi, mahazamu.) Ukwato, n. (kwato), hoof (solid,
Ukumvi, n. (kumvi), empty ear or of horse), part of a cloven hoof (of
spike or head of grain-bearing plant, cow, &c). Mguu wa ng'ombe una
rice, millet, &c, without the grain, kwato mbilif a cow's foot is cloven
husk, bran, chaff. (Cf. wishwa, (in two parts).
kapi, and kumbi, which is perh. from Ukwe, the relationship of iva-
n.
sameroot. Corresp.to^zw^in Tuit.) kwe, i. e. of near connexions by
Ukunde, n. {kunde), a bean pro- marriage, e. g. father-in-law and son-
duced in pods by the plant mkunde, in-law. (Cf. mkwe.)
grown for food in Z. *Ulaanifu., n. a cursing, a curse,
Ukunga, n. the trade (work, pay) being cursed. (Ar. Cf. laana,
of a mkunga (which see). -laanifu, and follg.)
Ukungu, n. (kungu, ma-), (i) *Ulaanizi, n. a cursing, using
damp, moisture, mouldiness, mildew ;
imprecations, malediction. (Ar.
(2) fog, mist, vapour, —
esp. of morn- Cf. prec.)
ing and evening, and so of twilight. Ulafi, n. {ma-), over-eating, vora-
Hence makungu, of the signs of city, greediness, gluttony. (Cf. -la,
dawn, and glow after sunset. E. g. ulaji, and tilevi.)
zikungu unatanda (tinakuja, tma- Ulaika, n. (ma-), a hair of the
wamba), the dawn is spreading. body, a bit of down, gossamer.
Mkate unafanya uk. } the bread is (Cf. udevu, unyele, tikope, and dist.
getting mildewed. Ar. malaika, angel.)
Ukunguru, n. also Mkunguru Ulaini, Ulainifu, n. softness,
(which see). smoothness, tenderness, gentleness (of
TJkuni, n. (kuni), a stick of fire- accent, manner, &c). (Ar. Cf.
wood. Chanja (pasua) kuni, cut laini, and syn. wororo, upole.)
firewood. Ulaji, n. (ma-), act of eating,
Ukunjufu, n. cheerfulness, glad- opportunity (means, chance) of eat-
ness, good temper, geniality (of mien ing, a feast. E.g. uwape ulaji
and manner). (Cf. kunja, -ku- wakubwa, give the leading people
nju/u.) a feast. (Cf. -la, ulafi, chukula.)
*TJkurasa, n.(kurasa), sheet or Ulalamizi, n. (Jalamizi), supplica-
strip of paper, leaf or page of a book. tion, humble appeal, begging for
(Ar. Cf. karata, karatasi.) mercy. (Cf. lalamzi.)
Ukuta, n. (kuta), stone wall of Ulalo, n. (?}ia4alo), (1) place (time,
a house, i. e. tikuta wa mawe. (Dist. accessories, manner) of lying down or
boma, which may or may not be a wall, sleeping, camping-place, bed. Ma-
kizuambasa, a partition-wall, com- lalo, things to sleep on, bedding (cf.
monly of sticks and plaster, kitahi, kituo, kambi). (2) something lying
wall of a court.) or laid down, e.g. a tree or plank
Ukuti, n. {kuti), a side frond of laid as a bridge across a stream (cf.
 — —
ULAMBILAMBI 400 ULIO
mtatagd). (Cf. lata, kilalo, ma- —of man and animals generally, also
lalo.) (2) of objects resembling it,a projec-
Ulambilambi, n. condition of a tion (cf. mdomo), e.g. 'tenon' in
cocoanut, when the nutty part is just carpentering. Ulimi hauna mfupa,
forming, still soft, and can be picked the tongue has no bone, i. e. nothing
off, i. e. ul. wa dafu. (Cf. lamba, stable, reliable. Kama ulimi na
dafu, nazi. Dist. rambirambi.) mate, like tongue and spittle, of —
*Ulaya, n. (i) native land, home, things inseparable. U. hauna dawa,
but commonly used of foreigners, the tongue is incurable. Uji wa
and so(2) Europe. Ulaya Uzungu, moto haupoi kwa ncha ya ulimi, the
Europe. U. Hindi, India. Ulaya tip of the tongue does not cool hot
wa Wareno, Portugal. (Ar. Cf. rice. (Cf. -limi.)
wilaya, and follg.) TJlimwengu, n. (ma-), (1) the
*TTlayiti, n. European textile stuff, world in general, the whole creation,
— esp. of a thin inferior kind of calico, universe, visible things, killa kitu
not so stout as Amerikani, grey shirt- kilicho na mwanga ; (2) the sky, e. g.
ings. Kamba UL, hemp rope, not — ulimwengu umetakata, the sky is
of cocoanut fibre. (Ar. Cf. prec.) clear ; (3) the inhabited world, earth,
*Uledi, n. in Z. a proper name globe, e. g. ul. tunaokaa sisi, the
common among slaves. (Ar., world we live in; (4) the present
cabin boy, cook's boy.) world (cf. kuwapo ulimwetiguni , for
"Ulegevu, n. and Ulegeo, (1) 'to be alive'), —
as opp. to the next
slackness, relaxed condition, exhaus- world, which is peponi, kuzimu,
tion, weakness ; (2) remissness, care- ulimwengu wa huko (wa baadaye,
lessness, negligence. (Cf. legea, ujao) ; (5) the world in a moral
-legevu, and syn. utepetevu.) sense, the world as worldly, the world
Ulevi, n. (ma-), (1) a state of as transitory, unstable, evil, e. g.
drunkenness, intoxication, giddiness, mema na mabaya ndio ulimwengu,
staggering, reeling ; (2) an intoxicant, the world is a mixture of good and
e. g. killa ulevi, all kinds of in- evil mtu wa ulimwengu, or mli-
;

toxicants (forbidden by Mahommedan mwengu, a worldly man; (6) the

law). Ulevi wa bahari, sea-sickness. environment, each man's own sur-
(Cf. levy a, and ulafi.) roundings (circle, circumstances).
Ulezi, n. (ma-), act (trade, work, Ametengeneza ul. wake, he has
pay) of one who has the care of feathered his nest. Plur. malimwe-
children, e.g. a nurse, tutor, guardian. ngu, usually, —
worldly affairs, worldly
Malezi, education, training. (Cf. pleasures or interests. (Cf. Ar. alam,
-lea, mlezi.) also mlimzvengu, and syn. dzmia.)
Ulia, v. Ap. of ua, v. (which see). Ulinganifu, Ulinganyo, n. corre-
Ulili, n. (ma-), bedstead, —
with spondence, harmony, comparison,
the legs turned, not of the common suitableness, convenience. (Cf.
Zanzibar make. (Cf. kihinda.) linga, -linganifu.)
Ulimbo, n. birdlime, gum, glue. Ulingo, n. (lingo, and ma-), like
U limbo ni utomvu wa kutegea ndege, kilingo, a platform in a plantation,
ulimbo is a sticky stuff for catching for a watchman in charge of crops.
birds with. Penyi urembo ndipo penyi (Cf. kilindo, and dungu.)
ttrivibo (for ulimbo), finery is a snare. Ulinzi, n. watching, guarding,
Ulimbwende, n. dandyism, showy guardianship, fee for guarding. (Cf.
dress or manner, coxcombry. (Cf. linda, mlinzi^)
-limbwende, umalidali.) TJlio, n. (lid), something for eating
Ulimi, n. (ndimi), (1) the tongue, from or with, and so of a wooden —
 ULIPIZI 401 UMBA
platter raised on legs and used as like uma. E. g. nyuki ameniuma,
a table. (Cf. Ha, Ap. of -la, v. nami nimetimia, a bee stung me,
eat. Dist. ulio, verb-form, • that and I feel it. Nimetimia macho,
which is, you who are.') I have a pain in my eyes. Situba
Ulipizi, (ma-), forcing
n. pay- alimwumia mwituni (kichwani) , the
ment, exaction, vengeance. (Cf. lion bit him in the forest (on his
lipa, and syn. kisasi.) head). Cs. umiza, umizwa, usu-
Uliza, v. also "Uza, (i) question, ally intens. and of intentional inflic-
interrogate, inquire (of, about), ask, tion of pain, —hurt, cause to feel pain.
ask about (not ask for,' which is
• Hence umiz-ia, -iwa. Also umizana.
omba, taka), demand. E. g. ?iali- Rp. umana, hurt each other, hence —
mwuliza kali, I asked him about umani-s/ia, -s/iwa, and uman-ia,-iwa.
his health, how he was. Wote kadiri Meno ya mbwa hayatimani, a dog's
'
aniuzaye habari, every one who asks teeth do not hurt each other. n. —
me for information. Ntauza kisa (uma, nyuma, maxima), a metal
hiki, I will ask about this matter. spit, skewer, pointed tool, awl, punch,
Ps. ulizwa and uzwa, e.g. be ques- fork, sting (of an insect, or reptile).
tioned, —
and so, supply an answer. (Cf. choi?ia, was/ia.)
Siwezi kuulizwa uongo, I cannot *Umahiri, n. and Umaheli, dex-
let a false answer be returned (to an terity, cleverness, good workmanship.
inquiry). Nt. ulizika. Ap. (Ar. Cf. mahiri.)
uliz-ia, -iwa, uz-ia, -iwa, e. g. ask Umaji, n. and Umajimaji, being
on behalf of, e. g. kaniulizieni mimi fluid, being watery, wet, damp,
sababu, and do you demand on my moisture, humidity. (Cf. maji, and
behalf to have a reason given. Rp. syn. rtituba, tichepechepe baridi.) ,

ulizana. (Cf. ulizo, and syn. saili, Umalidadi, n. (1) display of dress
hoji, dadisi.) (2) sell to, get to or ornaments, fine dressing, showiness,
buy. See Uza. (It seems possible —
and so (2) over-dressing, dandyism,
that uliza is a Cs. of an unused ua, foppery. (Cf. ulimbwende, urembo,
buy, i.e. invite to buy, generalized to fahari.)
mean ask, question.'
'
See Uza, Umande, n. dew, damp cool air
Uliza, sell.) of the morning or evening, mist, fog.
Ulizi, n. (ma-), bawling, squeal- (Cf. uktingu.)
ing, shouting, screaming, loud cry. *Umasikini, n. poverty, wretched-
(From the Cs. form of Ua, with ness, misery. (Ar. Cf. masikini,
intens. force. Cf. mlizi, and syn. and syn. ufukara, ukata.)
kelele.) *Umati, multitude, a number
n.
Ulozi, n. {ma-), witchcraft, sorcery, of persons, people (regarded collec-
enchantment. (Cf. loga, mlozi, and tively).E. g. umati wa watu, watu
syn. upagazi, uchawi.) and umati alone. Umati wa
tmiati,
Uma, cause pain, hurt, bite,
v. Muhamadi, Mahomet's people, the
sting, smart, ache, —
and sometimes, Mahommedan world. (Ar. not
feel pain. E. g. natwia meno, I have often used. Cf. watu,jamii, kundi.)
a pain in my teeth, I have toothache, Umba, v. give form to, shape,
but usually meno (kichwa, tumbo) fashion, create* make. The word
yaniuma, my teeth (head, stomach) used regularly of the divine crea-
hurt me. Ps. umwa. (Nt. tion. Muungu ameuumba uli-
umika, rarely used. Cf. umika, of mwengu, God created the world.
medical cupping.) Ap. umia, Hukujiumba wee, umeumbwa tta
umizva, e.g. cause pain to (at, with, Muungu, you did not create yourself,
in, by, &c), and also 'feel pain,' you were created by God. But also
Dd
 ;

UMBA-UMBA 402 UMIO

generally, e.g. mfinyanzi anaumba D6, and sometimes D 1 (P)), (1) of
vyungu, the potter is making cooking- the male sex, male, masculine ; (2)
vessels. Ps. umbwa. Nt. umbika, like a man, virile, strong, courageous,
e. g. kuumbika kwake kuzuri, he has —
prudent; (3) of things, strong, firm,
a fine figure. Ap. umb-ia, -iwa. reliable, big. Mume
(pi. waume),
Cs. umb-isha, -ishwa. Rp. umbatta. mtu mume walu wautue), mtu
(pi.
(Cf. umbo, kiumbe, maumbile, umbua, wa kiume (pi. watu wa kiume),
and syn. huluku, fanya, fanyiza.) and most commonly mwanaume (or
TJmba-umba, v. See Yumba. mwanam'me, pi. waanaume) are all
Umbo, {ma-), shape, form,
n. used of man
generally, in respect of
natural condition (appearance, consti- sex simply. In relation to the female
tution). U. la Adamu aliloumbwa sex, mume has the definite, sense,
mbele, the form of Adam in which he '
husband, married man,' in contrast
was originally created. U. la mtu to mwanaume, which denotes an
mbali, na la nyama mbali, men and irregular connexion (cf. mke,
animals have a different constitution. mwanamke). Mnazi mume, the
Also used like halt, methali, e. g. male cocoanut tree, — comparatively
najiona umbo la kuwa kiziwi, I feel Mahindi maume, small, in-
unfertile.
as if I were deaf. (Cf. umba, and ferior grains of maize. Mkono mume,
syn. asili, namna, halt, labia.) or wa kuume, right hand, — also
Umbu, n. {ma-), a sister, half- mkono wa kulia. Ndugu kuumeni,
sister, — ndugu mke, with at least relative
i. e. on the father's side. Maume,
one parent in common. manly deeds, prowess, e. g. ajetea
TJmbua, v. Rv. of umba, take maume, he brags of his strength.
away the form of, and so (i) spoil (Cf. prec, and mume, ndume, kuume,
the look of, deface, deform, disfigure kiume, also contr. -ke, mke, &c.)
(2) depreciate, degrade, demoralize, Umeme, n. lightning. Yapiga
corrupt. E.g. asloweza kutuumba, umeme, it lightens. (Peril, cf. mere-
kutuumbua hawezi, he who cannot meta, memeteka.)
create cannot uncreate. Ps. umbu- Umika, v. cup, apply a cupping
liwa. Nt. timbuka, e. g. umbuka instrument, draw blood by cupping.
—
mwlli, of the body disfigured by A horn is commonly used. E. g.
disease, &c. Ap. umbu-lia, -liwa. nnvumishi amenitimika leo, the cup-
Rp. umbuana. per has cupped me to-day. Aliutnika
*Umbuji, n. grace, elegance, pembe mwilini, he applied a horn to
pleasing appearance, accomplish- my body. Fs.umikwa. Ap.timik-
—
ments, of dress, manner, &c. (Ar. ia, -iwa. Cs. timik-isha, -ishwa,
bahaj. Cf. mbe/a.) e.g. employ as cupper, cause (per-
Urne, n. and TJume, (1) male na- suade, compel) to be cupped. (Cf.
ture (sex, condition, characteristics), follg., and umuka. Blood-letting
e. g. manliness, courage, pluck, but — is also done by gashing with a knife.
commonly utu ume for manhood Cf. chanja.)
generally, and kiume for qualities Umiko, n. also Wdumiko, a
and character, i. e. manliness, e. g. cupping instrument, usually a horn.
ume wa leo na kesho, true courage (Cf. prec, and chuku.)
lasts more than a day. (2) condi- *Umilele, n. and Milele, per-
tion of a husband , e. g. ume na tike petuity, eternity. Also as adv. (Ar.
umekwisha, we have ceased to be Cf. milele.)
husband and wife. ( 3) for the vulgar TJmio, n. {mio), internal throat,
mboo, penis. (Cf. follg., and tike.) throat-passage, including both ali- —
•ume, a. {ndume with D 4 (P), mentary and air passage. Mio za
 TJMITO 403 UNENI
mtu ni mbili, a man has two pas- and so as conceivably attributable to
sages inhis throat. (Cf. mio, other than God Himself. But also
ki7nio, and koo, roho, shingo.) cf. umoto, from moto, in place of
Umito, n. heaviness, sluggishness, zwto.)
— commonly uzito in Z. Una,
verb-form, yon have, it is,'
'

Umivu, n. {ma-), pain, ache, -u pfx. agreeing with Pron. of 2 Pers.

smart. (Cf. uma y and syn. tuhungu, Sing, and D
2 (S), D
4 (S),— and
tcchomi.) na (which see). Unani? Una nini?
Umka, v. and Umuka, swell up, What the matter with you ?
is
rise up with froth or foam, e. g. of — *Unafiki, n. hypocrisy, dissem-
dough when fermenting, also of bling, deceit. (Ar. Cf. mnafiki,
breakers and foaming waves. and mwo7igo.)
Umo, n. (ma-), hurting, bite, *Unajimu, n. astronomy, astro-
sting, i. e. the effect rather than the logy* (A*"* Cf. mnajimu, and
cause (cf. uma, n.). {Umo is also a falaki.)
verb-form, you are (it is) in,' i. e.
'
*Unanasi, n. heart or inside of
prefix u- agreeing with Tron. of the pine-apple plant {mnanasi), and —
2 Pers. Sing, wewe, or with 2 (S), D so usually a strong fibre obtained
D 4 (S).) from it, and used as sewing-thread.
Umoja, n. oneness, unity, identity, (Cf. tckonge, ubugu, ununu, &c.)
concord. (Cf. -moja.) Unda, v. construct, make, build,
Umoto, n. and Umotomoto, heat, put together, esp. of wooden struc-
warmth, vehemence, fury, &c. (Cf. tures requiring skill, e. g. ship-
moto, woto.) building, but also of other materials.
*"Umri, n. time of life, age. Umri U. chombo, build a dhow. U. dema,
wake apataje ? How old is he ? construct, repair a fish-trap. Meri-
Ukawa mzima wa umri, you were kebti He imeundwa ya thahabu, that
full-grown, come to years of dis- ship was built of gold. Ps. undwa.
cretion. Also of whole time of life, Nt. undika. A p. und-ia,-iwa, e.g.
life in general, e. g. umri wako halali mti htiu ukiundiwa una maisha sana,
yangu, your life is at my disposal, at this wood if used in ship-building is
my mercy. uzima, maisha.)
(Cf. specially durable. Cs. und-isha.,
TJmua, v. take by craft (from), -ishwa, e. g. order a ship to be built,
deprive (of), steal away, e.g. honey give (or, take) a contract for ship-
from bees, woman from husband, &c. building. (Cf. mwunda, mwunzi,
Ps. umuliwa. Nt. umuka. Ap. uunzi, kiunzi, and in general, fanyiza,
umu-lia, -liwa. (So Kr., but ?not jenga).
used in Z., where iba, nyang^anya, Undu, n. (nyundu), comb of a
pokonya are common. And see cock (jogoo).
follg.) *Uneemefu, n. abundance, plenti-
Umuka, v. (1) for TJm'ka (which ful supply. (Ar. Cf. neema,
see), swell up, rise; (2) Rv. of -neemefu, and syn. wingi, ujalifu.)
umika, cup, i. e. take off (the cup- Unenaji, n. art (power, practice)
ping instrument), or Nt. come off; of speaking, eloquence, fluency.
(3) Nt. of timua. See prec. (Cf. mnenaji,tineni, neno, nena, and
Umuungu, n. or Umwungu, syn. usemi, usemaji.)
Umungu, deity of God, divinity, Unene, n. stoutness, thickness,
divine essence, or nature of a Per- corpulence. (Cf. -nene, -nenepa^)
sonal God. (Cf. Mutingu, and Uneni, n. power of speech, speak-
Uungu, Wungti, Ungu, which pro- ing, articulation. (Cf. unenaji,
perly would denote deity in general, nena.)
D d 2
 —

UNGA 404 UNGUA

Unga, v. (i) make a joining, join, tatn. [Wingi more common in Z.
join together, connect, make by join- See -ingi.)
ing, unite, form connexion (with), TJngo,n. (ma-),(i) ajoining, ajoint,
compound, combine; (2) hence used and (of the body), a member, a part,
esp. of mixing ingredients skilfully, usually kiungo,— but the plur.
e. g. u. chaku/a, season food (cf. maungo is regularly used (a) of the
kiungo, kitoweo, koled) ; u. dawa, limbs of the body collectively, and
compound medicine *u. ; tambuu, so the body as a whole, e. g. maungo
make a chewing mixture (cf. tiraibu). yote yana?7itetenieka, he was shaking
Also u. mbau, join planks; U. all over. Maungo wazi, stripped to
mfupa, set a bone. U. kamba na the skin, bare bodies ana maungo, he
;

jiwe, put stone and rope together, has a fine (well-knit, well-developed,
i. e. in drawing at a well. Ps. ungwa. —
muscular) frame, of a strong athletic
Nt. ungika. Hence ungikana. Ap. man. (£) the back, backbone, in a
nng-ia, -iwa, -ika, -ilia, -iliwa, -ilika. similar inclusive sense, also uti wa
Cs. ung-isha, -ishwa, unganya. Rp. maungo, i. e. the stem on which the
ungana. Hence ungan-ia, -iwa, iimbs grow. E. g.jtiuya matmgoya
ungan-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. ungo, frasi, on horseback. Ameshuka
mwungo, and generally funga, kuta- maungoni mwa ma??iayei he has got
nisha.) off his mother's back. (With this '

Unga, n. anything powdered, or use of maungo, cf. mgongo, jongo,

ground small, esp. grain of any kind, kijongo, kibiongo.) (2) the hymen.
powder, flour, meal, &c. Unga wa Vunja ungo, (a) begin to men-
msunieno, sawdust, also tinga wa struate (b) deflower, deprive of
;

mbau, wa mti. virginity (cf. kisinda) ; (c) fig. of a

Ungama, v. acknowledge, confess, tree beginning to bear fruit. (3) a
admit, allow, grant, concede. U. round flat basket used for sifting
uizi, confess a robbery. U. rupia, grain (cf. tzinga). (Cf. unga, v.,
admit the possession of rupees. Ps. kiungo, mwungo.)
ungamiwa. Nt. ungamika. Ap. TJngoje, n. (ngoje) and Ungojezi,
ungam-ia,-iwa,e.g.walimwunga?nia a waiting (for), being in attendance
nyttmba, they granted him a house, on, service, a keeping watch, wages
i. e. agreed, allowed it. Cs. ungam- for attendance (waiting, watching).
isha, -ishwa, induce to confess, E. g. ungoje wa kungojea vyakula
hear a confession. (Cf. mwu- shamba, wages for watching crops on
ngamo, mwangamishi, and syn. kiri.) a plantation. (Cf. mngoje, ngoja,
Ungamana, v. be joined together, and the more general utumishi,
united, connected, coherent, inter- huduma.)
dependent. Cs. ungaman-isha, TJng'ongo, a strip of
n. (ng'ongo),
-ishwa. (Cf. unga, and /unga- palm-leaf, esp. of the dwarf palm
mana, shtkamana, -mana.) —
mkindu, ung'ongo being one of the
Ungamo, n. (ma-), (1) confession, coarser strips next to the middle rib,
concession, admission (2) a yellow
;
used for sewing together the plaits
stuff, used as a dye, from the shrub for a mat, or basket, or for the
mwungamo. binding round the edge. (Cf.
Ungara, n. brightness, lustre, light. mwaa, utangule, uzimba, ukindu.)
(Cf. ngara, ngaa, mngao.) Ungu, n. (nyzmgti), a cooking
Ungi, n. much, abundance, plenty, pot, of the common kind, of baked
a quantity, a good deal, e. g. ungi clay. (Cf. chungu, i.e. kiungu,
wa chakula, plenty of food, or to and j'ungu, i. e.Ji-ungu.)
express a 'multiple of three/ ungi wa Ungua, v. (1) be scorched, scalded,
 UNGUJA 405 UNYENYEKEO
hardened, damaged with fire, burnt. Unyaa, n. dirt, excrement. (Cf.
Nytimba imeungua moto, the house kinyaa, -nya.)
has been (more or less) burnt, Unyago, n. dancing and other
damaged by fire. Ps. ungu- ceremonies connected with the initia-
liwa. Nt. ungulika, e.g. (i) be tion of children of both sexes into
hardened with fire ; (2) be combusti- tribal rights, as of adult age. Used
ble. Ap. ungii-lia, -liwa, -lika, also of other grotesque dances, i. e.
e.g. apply fire to, bake (pottery). mummery, acting, farce. (Cf.
Cs. ungu-za, -zwa, burn, scorch, kittyago.)
scald. (Cf. teketea, be burnt up, Unyama, n. the nature of a beast,
choma, set fire to, waka, be on fire.) being like a beast, brutishness, stu-
(2) Rv. of unga, disjoin, disconnect, pidity, &c. (Cf. nyama.)
cut in two, pull apart. Unyaonafu, n. silence, quiet, re-
TJnguja, n. Zanzibar, — island and pose, reserve, taciturnity. (Cf.
city. Unguja ukuu, Great Zanzibar nyamaa, -nyamafu, and syn. kimya.)
is now asmall town on the same island Unyang'anyi, n. robbery, carry-
south of the capital. Klungiija, ing off by force, abduction, brigand-
the dialect of Swahili spoken at age, lawless depredation. (Cf.
Zanzibar, —often carefully distin- nyang'anya, and syn. uizi, and
guished from the true Swahili dialect uharabu.)
by Svvahilis, but the most generally Unyasi, n. {ma-), a blade of coarse
useful on the coast and in the grass, a flag-like reed.
interior. TTnyayo, n. (nyayo). See Uayo.
TTngwana, n.' condition (status, TJnyefu, n. power of absorption,
rank, quality) of a freeman {mngwa- retention of moisture, dampness.
nd), commonly contrasted with that of (Cf. -nya, -nyefu.)
a slave {utumwa), but also denoting Unyegi, n. and Unyeji, itching,
a relatively high social grade, —
and pruriency, heat. (Cf. nyegi, nyea.)
so, good breeding, education, accom- Unyele, n. {nyele, manyeh), also
plishments, civilization, in contrast unwele, nwele, a hair. When used
with tishenzi, barbarism. Hence alone, properly of human hair, but —
kiungwana, the speech, bearing, nyele za singa, long, straight, soft
characteristics of a freeman (gentle- hair, is used of the hair of Europeans,
man, lady), -a kiungwana, well- and of some animals when of similar
bred, educated, civilized. (Cf. kind, e. g. horse hair, mane of a lion,
-ngwana, kiungwana.) &c. Nyele za kipilipili (za knso-
Unong'onezi, n. {nongonezi), keteka, za kusongomana) describes
whispering. (Cf. nongona.) the woolly, tufty, wiry hair of natives.
—
Unono, n. (1) fatness, of animals, The hairy (furry, woolly) coat of
(zmene, of man), and so (2) richness, almost all animals is described as
comfort, luxury. 'A common ex- manyoya. (See usinga, ttnyoya,
pression of good wishes is is hi (Jala) also u/aika, udevtc, zifuzi, ukope,
unonoi may you live (sleep) in com- tinynshi, panja, shtingi, mvi.)
fort. (Cf. nona, -nono.) Unyeleo, n. (nyeleo), also uny-
Ununu, n. fibre from the inner skin weleo, manyweleo, pore, of the —
of the stalk of a cocoanut leaf. (Cf. skin. (Cf. -nya, -nywa.)
mnazi, ztkuti.) Unyenyekeo, Unyenyekevu, n.
Ununuzi, n. buying, purchase, {ma-), humility, self-abasement,
bargaining, bidding (for an article), reverential awe, obsequiousness, ser-
custom, price. (Cf. nunua, tnnu- vility, cringing. (Cf. nycnyekea,
nuzi.) -nyenyekevu.)
 UWYEO 406 UPAMBA
TTnyeo, n. itching, tickling. (Cf. a lie. Suitani akalia kwa u., the
nyea, mnyeo, nyegi.) Sultan shed crocodile's tears. Used
TJnyesi, n. {manyesi), passing also as adj. (cf. uchungu, utupti) and
excreta, excretion, excrement, urine. adv., e.g. kufa uongo, to sham being
(Cf. -nya, unyaa, and the vulgar dead (cf. kifa uongo, the sensitive
mavi, mkq/o.) plant). Uongo si thambi, uongo ndio
TTnyeti, n. being tiresome, irri- watu watumiao kwa biashara, a lie
tability, sensitiveness, causing irrita- is not sinful, it is a generally recog-
tion, conceit, spite, misconduct. nized commercial device. Njia ya
(Cf. nyeta.) u. fupi, lies do not go far. (Cf.
Unyofu, n. (i) straightness, being -ongo, and contr. kweli, hakika.)
straight, extension; (2) straight- TJonyefu, Uonyo, n. {onyo, and
forwardness, honesty, uprightness. ma-), warning, exhortation, remon-
(Cf. nyoka, -nyofoi.) strance. (Cf. onya, onyo.)
TJnyonga, n. (nyonga), (1) hip; Uovu, n. wickedness, badness, evil,
(2) hip complaint, lameness due to corruption. (See -ovu, and cf.
disease or injury of the hip. (Cf. ubaya, -baya, and ubovu.)
nyonga.) Uozi, n. {ma-), act of marrying,
Unyonge, n. {ma-), condition of celebration of a wedding, — esp. of the
being mean (vile, abject, low, lowly), religious ceremony at a mosque, but
meanness, poverty, feebleness, insig- applicable to the part of the parents,
nificance. In plur. low acts, con- bridegroom, or celebrant. (Cf.
ditions, &c. (Cf. -nyonge.) oa, oza, and syn. ndoa, harusi.)
Unyoya, n. (nyoya), a fibre of Upaa, n. (and TJpara), (1) crown
wool, or animal's hair, or down, &c. of the head; (2) baldness. (Cf.
of birds. (See Nyoya, TJnyele.) kipara, kipaa, and perh. paa (ina-
Unyozi, n. art (profession, fee, paa), roof of a native house.)
&c.) of a barber, hair-cutting, shaving. TJpagazi, n. (1) work (profession,
(Cf. nyoa, kinyozi.) pay) of a caravan-porter ; (2) witch-
Unyushi, n. {nyushi), a hair of craft, being bewitched or possessed.
the eyebrow. (Cf. ushi, also (Cf. pagaa, pagao.)
udevu, nkope, and unyele.) Upaja, n. {pa/a), thigh, ham.
Unywele, n. {nyxvele). See TJ- Upaja wa tanga, broad, bulging side
nyele. of a sail. Also paja. {Ci.kiweo,
Uo, n. {nyuo), cover, case, scab- of animals.)
bard, sheath. Uo wa kisu, sheath of Upaji, n. giving, free giving, liber-
a knife. Uo wa kitabu, cover, bind- ality, open-handedness, bounty, gift.
ing of a book. (Cf. chuo, i. e. Esp. of God, as the great Giver.
ki-uo, and perh. nguo.) (Cf. pa v., mpaji, kipaji.)
Uole, for wok. See Ole. Upakizi, n. {ma-), loading a ship,
Uombaji, n. begging as a practice placing goods on board, freight,
or profession, repeated or importunate freightage. Also upakio. (Cf.
requests. (Cf. follg.) pakia, and follg.)
TJombi, n. (wa-), begging, pray- Upakuzi, n. {ma-), ladling out,
ing, intercession, supplication, en- serving out, distribution, &c, esp. of
treaty, prayer. (Cf. prec, and food. (Cf. pakua, Rv., and pakia,
omba, and syn. sala, dua, haja.) Ap., and prec.)
TJoiigo, n. (no plur.) and Uwongo, TTpamba, {pamba), (1) a small
n.
falseness, falsehood, a lie, lies, un- billhook, a knife with a broad, flat,
truth, deception, sham, fraud, de- thin blade, used in getting palm-
lusion, pretence. Sema (toa) it., tell —
wine {tembo), also called kotama
 — —

UPAMBANO 407 UPENDEZI

(cf.gema). (2) a piece of cotton metal, a long lath or bar, beading,
wool (i. e. pambd), for a plug or edging, border. Of clothes, a gore,
bandage, lint, &c. in surgery, &c. gusset.
Upamba wa mafuta, ointment spread Upataji, n. buying power, value,
on cotton wool or lint. (Cf. cost, price. (Cf. pata, pato.)
pamba, n.) Upatilifu, n. reproach, blame,
Upambano, n. {ma-), comparison, whether as inflicted or incurred.
collision, quarrel. (Cf. pambana, (Cf. follg.)
mpambano.) TJpatilizo, n. (via-), blaming, re-
Upambo, decoration, adorn-
n. proaching, punishing, visiting an
ment, furnishing a house, furniture, offence. (Cf. pata, and prec.)
decorations. (Cf. pamba, v., and TTpato, n. (pato, and of size ma-),
syn. urembo.) a round metal dish-shaped gong, with
TTpana, n. (ma-), width, breadth. the edges turned up. ~D\m.kipato.
Mbau zina mapana, the planks are "Upawa, n. (pawa), a flat, shallow
broad. (Cf. -/>#«#, and -nene,unene.) ladle, — usually of a part of a cocoa-
Upande, n. (pande), a ^iece, a nut shell fixed on a short stick as
portion, a certain part, a side, a direc- handle. (Cf. kata, a deeper kind of
tion, region, district, place. E. g. ladle.)
weka u., put aside, on one side. Upekecho, n. (pekccho, ma-), (1)
Kwenda u., go sideways. Kuwa u., drilling, turning a boring tool, but —
to be slanting, askew, out of the level esp. (2) manner of making fire by
or straight. Pande za barra, the twirling one stick pressed on another ;

mainland region. Pande zote, on all (3) fig. annoyance, vexatious con-
sides. Upande wa chini, lee-side, duct. Also (4) a stick used for
in sailing, u. wa juu,
weather side. making fire, as above. (Cf. peke-
Also used as a measure of cloth, i.e. cha.)
a conventional piece or length, two TJpele, n. eruption, pimples, pus-
yards. (Cf. vipande, kipande, tules, a breaking-out on the skin.
—
pande, forms which seem to be (Cf. kipele.)
sometimes used in contrast, with Upembe, n. the upper corner of
reference to size, but not clearly the triangular sail of a native vessel
differentiated.) of the common kind (c/wmbo). (Cf.
TJpanga, n. (panga), (1) a sword. pembe.)
Also (2) a flat wooden sword-shaped Upembo, n. (pembo), curved end,
instrument, used by a weaver to hook, crook, a hooked stick, e. g. for
tighten each thread of the woof in pulling down fruit. (Cf. pemba,
weaving. U. wa feleji, a long, pembe, and prec. Also kiopoo,
straight, two-edged sword. U. wa mc/iocko.)
imam, a short sword with a kind of Upendaji, habit of liking or
n.
cross hilt. Bapa la u., flat of the loving something. (Cf. penda,
sword. Makali (ya u.), edge. and follg.)
Maungo (ya u.), back. Vuta u., Upendeleo, n. (ma-), having a
draw a sword. (Cf. sime, kitara.) special liking, bias, inclination,
TJpao, n. (pad), a thin stick, fast- favour, favouritism. (Cf. prec.)
ened across the rafter-poles in a Upendelevu, n. (1) as upendeleo,
native hut to carry the thatch. Used but also admits of a pass, sense (2) ;

also of thin rod-iron, iron bars, upao being favoured, being liked.
wa chuma. (Cf. syn. ufito.) Upendezi, n. (ma-), (1) being
Upapi, n. (papi), long, narrow agreeable (amiable, pleasing, lov-
strip, flat or rounded, of wood or able), pleasantness ; (2) being pleased,
 — )

TJPENDO 408 UPO

happiness, delight. (Cf. penda, Kaa upeponi, sit in a draught. (See
and prec.) Pepo, and Pepea.)
TTpendo, n. (pendo), act (manner, Upesi, n. and Wepesi, speed,
&c) of loving, liking, affection, love. quickness, velocity, lightness in move-
(Cf. penda, pendo.) —
ment, but wepesi commonly of 'light-
Upendwa, (ma-), being loved,
n. ness in weight.
'
(See -epesi, -pesi.)
or liked. Mapendwa, things loved, Mostly used as adv., quickly, lightly,
liked. (Cf. prec, and tcpenzi.) e. g. njoo upesi, come at once.
Upenu, n. (pemi), space outside a Kimbia u., run fast. (Cf. haraka,
native hut covered by the projecting hima, mbio.)
frame and thatch of the roof, and Upeto, n. (peto), folding, fold,
often enclosed so as to form a small roll, something rolled up, package,
lean-to or sleeping place. Hence bundle. (Commonly peto, kipeto
any similar appendage to a house. (which see), andcf. generally kikapo,
(Cf. kipetiu.) furushi.)
TJpenyezi, n. (penyezi, and ma-), Upigano, n. (ma-), fighting, con-
(i) secret, underhand, illicit action ;
test, rivalry. In plur. battle, riot,
(2) bribery, smuggling, giving com- brawl. (Cf. piga, pigana, pigo,
missions, —also (3) insinuation, sug- and ttshindani.)
gestion. (Cf. penya.) Upindani, n. (pindani), stiffness,
Upenzi, n. (ma-),
(1) loving, obstinacy, e.g. mmefanya u. na
liking, desiring, willing, resolving. mimi, you have behaved obstinately
Also (2) pass, being loved, liked, &c. to me. (Cf. -pindani, pinda, and
(Cf. penzi, and penda.) syn. ukaidi, ugumu, ushindani.)
Upeo, n. (peo), limit, extremity, TJpindi, n. (pindi) and Upinde,
furthest part, boundary line, full ex- a bending, a bend, a being bent, a
tent or development. Upeo wa thing bent, but commonly a bow
macho, as far as the eye can see, the (for shooting, the weapon) only.
limit of vision, horizon. E. g.jang- Pinda u., bend a bow. U. wa mvua,
wa kubwa upeo wa macho yake, a a rainbow. (Cf. pinda, pindi, ki-
great waste extending as far as he pindi, and follg. For ' bow ' cf. uta.
could see. Kupita upeo, very ex- TJpindo, n. (pindo), (1) a bend,
treme, beyond all bounds. Used a fold, a turned edge ; (2) of a cloth,
as adv., to the utmost, thoroughly, as — selvedge, hem, border, skirt; (3) a
much E. g. piga
as possible. upeo, folding cloth, wrapper, e. g. for wrap-
give a sound beating to. Furahi ping a corpse in before placing in the
upeo, be filled with joy, be enrap- shroud, saanda (Kr.). (Cf. prec,
tured. (Cf. kipeo, -pevu, pevua, and kunjo.)
and also cheo, mpaka.) Upinduzi, n. (ma-), upsetting,
Upepeo, and ma-), fan,
n. (pepeo, overturning, capsizing. (Ci.pindua,
punkah, i. upepeo wa kumpepelea
e. pinda.)
mtu baridi, a fan to fan a person Upisrii, n. (pishi), act (method,
with. (Cf. kipepeo, pepo, upepo, means, profession, &c.) of cooking,
pepea, &c.) wages of a cook. Upishi ni kuni,
Upepo, n. (pepo), wind, breeze, no cooking without fuel. For ways
—
draught, fresh air, i. e. of a light of cooking cf. tokosa, oka, kanga,
—
movement of air, the plur. pepo be- c hems ha y choma. (Cf. pika, 7npi-
ing used of high winds, a gale. U. shi.)
mwanana (mwororo), gentle (soft) Upo, n. (nyupo), a dipper, for
breeze, zephyr. Punga u., take baling water out of a boat, &c,
fresh air, go for a change, fan oneself. commonly a calabash (buyu), or can
 UPOFT7 409 URASHARASHA
{kopd). (Dist. upawa, kata, and the millet, &c, and obs. mpunga, of rice,
verb-form upo, you are (it is) here, while on the plant.
still
i.e. ti- and -po.) TJpungufu, n. (pungufu, and ma-),
Upofu, deprivation, ruin, loss,
n. also Upunguo, becoming less, abate-
but esp. of loss of sight, blindness, ment, decrease, deficiency, defect,
i.e. upofu wa mac/io. (Cf. pofua, privation, want, lack. (Cf. -pu-
and kipofu.) ngufu punguka, &c.)
,

Upogo, n. condition
(pogo), of TJpupu, n. cow-itch, —
the mucuna
being cut away, i. e. one-sided, in bean, covered with velvet-like glossy
unequal parts, being awry, distorted, hairs, extremely irritating to the skin.
zigzag. Of the eyes, —
squinting. As Up. wa bahari, a stinging jelly-fish,
adv. upogo-upogo, from side to side, medusa.
zigzag. (Cf. pogo, pogoa.) TJpuzi, n. folly in talk or conduct,
Upole, n. gentleness, kindness, dissipation, gossip, nonsense, mere
meekness, slowness of movement. fun. (Cf. puza.)
(See -pole, and contr. ukali.) Upweke, n. being alone, solitari-
TJpondo, n. {pondo), alsc Pondo, ness, independence, singleness, singu-
sing,(which see). larity. E. g. amekufa upweke, he died
TTpongoo, n. (pongoo), central rib unattended. Safari ya u. haifai, it
or stem of a cocoanut (or similar) does not do to travel alone. (Cf.
leaf. (Cf. kuti.) pekee, -pweke.)
TJponyi, n. ifponyi), means of Upya, n. {mpya, mapya), newness,
saving, way of escape, rescue, cure. freshness, recency, novelty, strange-
(Cf. ponya pona, mapoza, ?naponyea.)
,
ness. (Cf. -pya, and syn. ubichi,
Upooza, n. paralysis, deadness, ugeni.)
numbness. (Cf. pooza, mapooza.) *Urafiki, n. (1) friendship, friendli-
Uposo, n. {ma-), application for ness, sociability ; (2) circle of friends.
a wife, proposal of marriage, present (Ar. Cf. rafki.)
sent to bride's relations. *Uraibu, n. and Ughaibu, a
(Cf.posa.)
Upote, n. (pote), chewing mixture very popular in Z.
thong, bowstring,
— of sinew, i. e. ugwe wa mikano ya and commonly called tambuu, from
ng"ombe. (Cf. ukanda, ugwe.) the betel leaf, in which it is Wrapped
Upotevu, n. (i) destructiveness, and chewed. The ingredients are lime
waste, ruin, vandalism; (2) pass, (chokaa), tobacco (tumbako), chips
being lost, wandering, perishing, de- of areca nut (popoo), and often a red
lusion. (Cf. potea, -potevu.) gum (katzi), and cloves (garafuu). The
TJpotoe, Upotofu, n. caprice, wil- gum and areca nut colour the saliva
fulness, obstinacy. (Cf. potoa, -po- expectorated a blood-red colour, and
toe, -potofu, and prec.) also dye the teeth. E. g. umeleta ta-
TJpumbafu, n. (pumbafu, and mbuu, haina vifaa, you have brought
ma-), folly, stupidity, ignorance. the leaf (wrapper), but not the mix-
(Cf. •pumbafu, pumbaa, and syn. ture for chewing. (?Ar. Cf. ta-
ttjinga.) mbuu?)
Upumuzi, TJpumuo, n. See Pu- *T7rari, n. also Uirari, Worari,
muzi. equality, proportion, evenness, bal-
TJpunga, n. (pungd), stage in the ance, —
a technical term used in ac-
growth of a fruit- bearing tree or plant, counts. Urari wa hesabu, balancing
when the flower is full-blown and the an account. Fanya u., strike a bal-
embryo fruit beginning to form. In ance. (? Ar. or Hind.)
Z. esp. of cocoanuts (pi. punga, the *TJrasharasha,n.(wa-), sprinkling
male flowers), but also used of maize, of liquid (water, rain, scent), shower,
 ;

TTRATHI 410 USHINDANI

drizzling. (Ar. Cf. mrashi, rashi, Useja, n. (seja), a collar of
and syn. manyunyo.) beads.
*Urathi, n. feeling or making Usemaji, n. speaking as a practice
(giving) satisfaction, and so (i) con- or profession, eloquence, fine speech,
tentment, satisfaction, complacency rhetoric, fluency. (Cf. follg., and
(2) active approval, kindness, con- unenaji.)
descension, assent, authorization, sanc- Usemi, n. speaking, speech, talk,
tion (3) amends, apology, payment diction, conversation.
;
(Cf.prec,and
of claims or damages, satisfaction of sema, msemo, and generally uneni.)
demands, &c. (Ar. Cf. ritki, and *Ush.ahidi, n. {shahidi), bearing
dist. ttrithi, inheritance.) witness, attestation, evidence, proof.
Urefu, n. length, tallness, height, (Ar. Cf. shahidi, ushuhuda, shuhu-
depth, distance. Also the pi. marefu dia, and syn. matkubutiJ)
in same sense. Further distinguished Ushanga, n. (shanga, and ma-), a
as u. wa kwendcfjuu {chini), height bead, —and collectively, beads in
(depth). (Cf. -refu, and ubali, general. Shanga in relation to beads
and measures of length, wanda, shi- singly, mashanga, collections of beads,
biri, mkono, wari, pima, thiraa.) bead articles. Ushanga mwingi, a
TJrembo, n. {rembo, ma-), adorn- quantity of beads. Beads are sold in
ment, ornamentation, finery, display, stnngs(timba, kete),ox bunches (shada,
esp. of dress or person, the deli- /undo), and hitherto have largely
e. g.
cate black lines sometimes painted supplied the place of money in the in-
on the face to heighten a light com- terior, being imported in large variety
plexion. Piga (/anya) u., make a of shape and colour to suit the pecu-
display, dress oneself up. U. wa liar taste and demand of different
Muungic, the glorious work of God, localities.
i. e. the Universe, Cosmos. (Cf. *Usharifu, n. nobility, excellence,
remba, and %yn. pambo, uzuri, valio. respectability, — esp. of rank and
For various kinds of personal orna- character. (Ar. Cf. shari/11.)
ment see mkufu, mtali, /urungu, *Ush.arika, (sharika),
n. and
banagiri, kekee, kikuku, kipini, kipu- Ushirika, (1) partnership, co-opera-
li, kingaja, koa, tiseja, jasi, jebu, tion, sharing; (2) community of
kipaji, dalia, ndonya, shamili, sara/u, interests, common nature, intimate
azama, pete, and for dress nguo.) union, commission. (Ar. See
*TJrithi, n. {rithi), th as in thin, Shariki.)
— inheritance, a heritage, bequest, Ushaufu, n. delusiveness, decep-
legacy. (Ar. Cf. rithi, v. inherit, tion,misleading display,disappointing
warithi, mrithi. Dist. urathi.) promise. (Cf. shatia.)
*TJroth.a, n. also Worotha, "Wor- *TJshemasi,n. office (work, salary)
tha, invoice, list of goods, schedule. of a deacon, diaconate. (Ar. Cf.
(?Ar.) shemasi.)
—
*TJrujuani, n. purple, the colour. Ushi, n. (nyushi), (1) eyebrow;
(Ar.) (2) any ridge (projection, roughness)
*TJsafihi, n. See TJsufii. resembling an eyebrow, e. g. string-
Usaha, n. matter (from abscess, course of a wall, cornice, &c, rough
wound, &c), pus, discharge. surface of unplaned planks. (Cf.
*Usahihi, n. correctness, accuracy, unytishi.)
freedom from fault (blemish, mistake). Ushinda, n. (shinda), remainder.
(Ar. Cf. sa/ihi.) (Cf. shinda, kishinda.)
*TJsanifu, n. technical skill, art. Ushindani, n. (shindani), rivalry,
(Ar. Cf. sanaa.') competition, emulation, contest, fight-
 ; —

USHINDE 411 USO

ing. (Cf. shinda, shindana } and *TJsia, v. See Wosia. (Ar.)
tipigano.) *TJsihiri,n. magic, sorcery, charms,
TTshinde, of being con-
n. state spells, enchantment. (Ar. for com-
quered, defeat. Asiyekiri ushinde mon tichawi, uganga, u/ozi, hirizi.)
hakuwa mshindani, one who does Usikizi,
n. (1) attention, hearing,
not acknowledge defeat has not been listening, intelligence; (2) docility,
a combatant. (Cf. follg., and obedience. (Cf. sikia, 7/isikizi.)
mshinde.) Usiku, n. night, night time, i.e.
Ushindi, n. {ma-), victory, con- the twelve hours of darkness, with
quest, overcoming, success. (Cf. which the day or diurnal period
shinda, mshindi, and prec.) called siku begins, from 6 p.m. to
TJshoga, n. friendship, — between 6 a.m., the following twelve hours
women. (Cf. shoga.) of daylight being mchana. The
TJshoni, n. (ma-), needlework, pi. siku, and occasionally masiku, is
sewing, i. e. the art, style, trade, not used distinctively of nights. Siku
Wages, &c. of a seamstress or tailor. nne mchana na usiku, four whole
All sewing is done by men in Z. days. Usiku wa manane, midnight,
(Cf. shona, mshoni.) the dead of night. (See Siku,
*Ushtaki, n. accusation, prosecu- Mchana.)
tion, making complaint. (Ar. Cf. TJsimanga, rejoicing over an-
n.
shtaki, shtaka.) other's misfortune, ill-natured tri-
*Ushuhuda, n. (shuhuda, ma-), umph, mockery. (Cf. simanga,
testimony, evidence, proof. (Cf. masimango, and syn. thihaka.)
ushah idi, sh uh udia. ) Usimeme, n. firmness, stability,
*TJsh.ujaa, n. (ma-), bravery, cour- strength. (Cf. si ma ma, and syn.
age, heroism. Mashujaa, heroic acts, tcthabiti, ushupafu, nguvu.)
exploits, — also pi. of shujaa, a hero, TJsinga, n. (singa), a single hair,
t

a brave man. (Ar. Cf. shtijaa.) of the long, straight kind, of men
*Ushukuru, n. (ma-), (i) thanks- and certain animals. (See Singa.)
giving, returning thanks, gratitude Usingizi, n. (singizi), and Uzi-
(2) resignation, ceasing to feel or care, ngizi, sleep. Lala usingizi, go
passive acquiescence. (Ar. Cf. to sleep. Us. ??izito, deep sleep.
shukuru, shztkrani.) (Cf. sinzia, and peih. zinga, roll up,
TJshungi, n. (shungi), handker- turn round, also leppe. Dist. singizia,
chief, worn on the head by women masingizio.)
out of doors. Lazima ktijifunika *TJsiri, v. stay, delay, be detained,
ushungi, they are obliged to wear a but commonly in Nt. usirika, be de-
handkerchief on their heads. (Cf. tained, delayed, be behindhand. Cs.
shungi, kishuugi.) usir-isha, -ishwa. —
n. detention,
Ushupafu, n. (i) hardness, tough- delay, being late, lagging behind.
ness, firmness, compactness (2) reso-;
E. g. mwanzo huwa na usiri, starting
luteness, pertinacity, obstinacy. U. always seems slow to come. (Ar.
wa mwili, a well-knit, muscular Cf. kawia, chelewa, ahiri.)
body. U. wa maneno, obstructive *Usitawi, a flourishing condition,
speeches. healthy development, full activity,
*TJshuru, n. taxation, tax, customs, success. (Cf. sitawi.)
duty, rate, rent, &c. Toa u., pay Uso, n. (nyuso), coun-
(1) face,
taxes. Toza u., collect taxes. (Ar. tenance, expression sura); (2)
(cf.
prop, a tenth, ashr ; cf. asharini.) front, exterior, surface, -pa uso, put
TJshuzi, n. breaking wind. (Cf. in countenance, relieve, comfort,
shuta, s/mzi, xndj'amba.) assist. Vunja tiso, disgrace, dis-
 — —

USOKA 412 UTAKATLFU

courage. Kunja tiso, express '
suria,' domestic concubinage. (Cf.
sorrow (anger, &c), kunjua uso, of suria, and dist. uhawala, ztkahaba.)
pleasure, good humour. Uso kwa TTsusi, n. plaiting, e.g. of hair,
. uso, face to face. Usoni pa, in the mats, &c. Ususi zva nyele, hair-
presence of. Uso wa arthi, surface, dressing, coiffure. (Cf. msuko,
crust of the earth. suka.)
Usoka, n.(masoka), brass wire, *Uswafi, n. purity, lucidity, clear-
in general, or a small piece of wire. ness, —
esp. of elegance of style (cf.
(Cf. masoka, masango.) ufasihi, usahihi). (Ar. Cf. saji.)
TJsononi, n. being hurt, pain. Uta, n. (1) (nyuta, and mata),
(Cf. sononeka.) a bow, bow and arrows, i.e. the
*Ussubuhi, n. See Assubuhi weapon complete (cf. upindi) (2) ;

(Subuhi). (Ar.) mafuta ya uta, semsem oil (i. e. uta

*Ustahifu, n. (i) respectful con- for ufuta (?), which see). (Cf. ute,
duct, courtesy, deference ; (2) being uto, and dist. uti, utu.)
honoured, respected, esteemed, &c. Utaar n. {tad), a stage, raised and
(Ar. Cf. stahi, -stahifu, and follg.) covered, to put grain on for storage
*Ustahiki, n. estimation, honour, and drying. (Cf. uchaga.)
worth. (Ar. Cf. prec.) *Utabibu, n. profession (practice,
Usubi, n. a small biting gnat, fee, &c.) of a doctor, medical science,
midge, sandfly. (Cf. imbu.) doctoring, treatment. (Ar. Cf.
TTsufi, n. produce of the tree tabibu, and syn. ttganga.)
msufi, i. e. a very soft silky cotton in *Utabiri, n. (ma-), interpretation,
a large pod. explanation, exposition, announce-
*TJsufii, n. conduct and character ment, prediction. (Ar. Cf. tabiri,
of a sufii, i. e. a Mahommedan philo- and syn. tibashiri, ufasirz.)
sopher or saint, on the higher side *Utadi, n. (tadi), offence, error.
including piety, truthfulness, chastity, (Ar. Cf. tadi.)
and on the lower pride, exclusiveness, *TJtafathali, v. from tafathali
solitariness. (Ar. Ci.sujit,wa/u, —
(which see), used as a polite for-
mtawa.) mula, please, if you please, would
*Usuhuba, n. friendship. (Ar. you be so good. (Ar. Cf. fa-
commoner urafiki^)
Cf. sahibu, for thili, afathali.)
*Usukani, n. See Msukani. Utaji, n. a piece of calico or stuff
*Usultani, n. office (dignity, privi- of any kind used by women and men
leges, &c.) of a sultan, chieftaincy, as a covering of the head, whether to
headship, royalty. (Ar. Cf. sul- conceal the features, protect from
tani.) sun, or as ornament, a veil. (Cf.
*Usululii, Usuluhifu, n. peace- shela, dusamalt.)
making, reconciliation, being recon- *Utajiri, n. wealth, possession of
ciled, &c. (Ar. Cf. stduki.) capital, status of a merchant or
TTsumba, n. the fibres of the cocoa- capitalist, riches. (Ar. Cf. tajiri,
nut husk, after being soaked and and contr. masikini.)
cleaned for use in making string, Utakaso, n. (1) cleansing, a thing
cord, &c. Also makumbi ya usumba. cleaned (2) a rustling, perh. for
;

(Cf. kumbi.) tcchakacho. (Cf. mtakaso, and cha-

Usumbufu, n. (ma-), annoyance, kaza.) '

vexation, worry, trouble, — whether as Utakatifu, n. cleanliness, purity,

caused, or endured, act. or pass. (Cf. material and moral, — and so, sanctity,
siimbua, and uthia, taabu, mashaka.) holiness. (Cf. -takatifu, takasa,
Usuria, n. condition of being a and syn. weupe, uswafi.)
 ; —

UTAKO 413 UTELEZI

Utako, n. {tako), breech, butt, Utani, n. kinship, clanship, mem-
base, lower end, bottom part. (Cf. bership in tribe or race. (Cf.
tako, kitako.) mtani.)
TJtambaa, (tambad), a strip of
n. Utapishi, n. (ma-), (1) causing to
cloth, rag, bandage, duster. (See Ki- vomit, action of an emetic (2) ;

tambaa, more commonly used.) vomit. (Cfi tapika.)

Utambazi, n. (tambazi), (i) act Utari, n. (tari), string of an instru-
(power, means, &c.) of creeping or ment, leather thong, and perh. more —
crawling; (2) mark left in crawling, generally, cord, rope. (Cf. tari.)
track, trail. (Cf. tambaa, v., -ta- Utasa, n. and Utassa, barren-
mbazi. ) ness, sterility, — of produce generally.
Utambi, n. (tambi), (1) wick of Mwaka wa utassa, an unfruitful year.
a candle or lamp (2) vermicelli,
;
(Cf. tassa.)
i. e. tambi za knpika (za maandasi) ;
Utashi, strong desire, earnest
n.

(3) stuff for a turban, e.g. tengeneza demand, importunate request, present
(panza, skusha) u., arrange (put on, made to back an appeal. (Cf. taka,
take off) a turban (4) me nbrane
;
v. matakwa. Utashi seems to be
enclosing the bowels. (Cf. kitambi, from a Cs. takisha, with intens. force.)
tambi.) Utasi, n. inability or disinclination
TJtambo, n. (tambo), (1) strutting, to speak, being tongue-tied.
swaggering, and (e.g.) of horses, Utata, n. (tata), a kind of wicker
prancing, high action; (2) the swing- fence used for enclosing and catching
ing handle of a pail, iron pot, &c. fish (Kr.). Cf. similar Hzio. (Cf.
(as contr. with mpini (of a knife, tata.)
&c), mkono (of a saucepan), shikio Utatu, n. (1) being triple, three-
(of a basket, &c.).) (Cf. tamba, foldness, trinity; (2) a third part.
tambo.) E.g. kibaba cha titatzc, a third part
Utambuzi, n. (tambtizi), mental of a pishi, the usual kibaba being cha
quickness, intelligence, perception, *nne, i. e. four to the pishi. (Cf.
facility, cleverness, skill. (Cf. kibaba, and tatu.)
tambua, -tambuzi, and syn. akili, *Utawa, n. and Utaawa, TTtaowa,
ufahamifa.) (1) staying in the house, seclusion,
*17tamu, n. (1) flavour, taste, in — the usual life of Mahommedan women
general; (2) sweet taste, sweetness, of the upper classes in Z. ; (2) a
being agreeable to the sense or senses, chaste, religious, pious life and char-
pleasantness, charm. (Ar. Cf. acter. (Ar. Cf. tawa.)
tamu.) Utaya, n. bone of the jaw. (Cf.
Utamvua, n. (tamvua, and ma-). taya.)
See Tamvua. Ute, n. (mate, cf. uta, mata), thick,
TTtando, n. (tando) and Utandu. sticky, viscid fluid, e.g. saliva, mucus,
Used to describe anything spread out, lather. Tema mate, spit,
expectorate.
extended, stretched (cf. tanda, v.), Ute wa yai, white of egg. (But
e.g. (1) a veil, screen, coverlet, cf. uto and utd, both of liquids, and
tapestry, hangings (2) a spider's
;
dist. titi, utu.)
web, u. wa buibui (3) sunset glow TJteketevu,*n. destroying, being
;

(4) clouded sight, whether a film destroyed, destruction, esp. as by —

over the eyes (cf. chamba cha jicho), fire, being utterly consumed. (Cf.
or sheer drowsiness ; (5) scum, crust, teketea, and follg.)
film, e. g. on milk, cream, or on a pot Uteketezo, n. destruction, burning.
of cooked rice (cf. zikoko, &c). (Cf. (Cf. prec.)
tanda, tando, syn. ukingo, kiwambo.) TJtelezi, n. (ma-), slipperiness,
 —
UTEMBE 414 UTHURU
sliding, steep descent. Ina matelezi, obstructiveness. (Cf. teta, tetea,
it is slippery. U. nvwingi, very and follg.)
slippery. (Cf. telea, teleni'ka.) Uteto,
n. (ma-), debate, argument,
TTtembe, the chewed refuse of quarrelling, strife.
n. (Cf. prec, and
the mixture called tambuu or urdibu, teta.)
which is expectorated. It is of a Uteuzi, n. choice, choosing, criti-
blood-red colour. cizing, fastidious taste, daintiness,
TJtembezi, n. (ma-), (i) offering like uchaguzi. (Cf. teua, -teule.)
for sale, advertising, exhibition of *Uth.abiti, n. firmness, stability,
—
goods, but commonly (2) walking strength, courage, resolution. (Ar.
—
about, for business or pleasure, not Cf. thabiti, thabutu.)
merely for progress on a journey. *TJthaifu, n. (thaifu, and ma-),
Sometimes a euphemism for a dissi- weakness, insignificance.
'
(Ar.
pated life.' (Cf. tembea, and zu- Cf. thaifu, thoqfika.)
ngicka.) *Uthalimu, n. (thalimu, ma-),
TJtembwe, n. fibre from the leaf- injustice, tyranny, oppression, ini-
stalk of various palms, used as string. quity. (Ar. Cf. thalimu, thu-
(Perh. not in Z. Cf. ugomba.) lumu.)
TJtendaji, n. activity, energy, fa- *Uthamini, n. surety, bail, guar-
cility in doing. (Cf. tenda, -te- antee. (Ar. Cf. thamini, tha-
ndaji, and syn. bidii, ujitahidi.) mana.)
TJtengo, n. act (manner, place, *Uthani, n. See Uzani.
time, &c.) of withdrawal, retirement, *TJthi, v. and TJthia, give trouble,
separation, exclusion, &c. (Cf. annoy, harass, vex, pain, grieve.
tenga.) Ps. tithiwa. Nt. uthika. Cs.
Utenzi, n. (tenzi), (1) activity, uthi-sha, -shwa, intens. (Ar. Cf.
action, work, operation, — but more follg., and sumbua, tesa, chokoza,
commonly this is uiendaji ( 2) a onea, &c.)
;

poem, — esp. of a religious kind, an *TJthia, n. trouble, annoyance,

old story told in verse. (Cf. tenda, difficulty, bother, confusion, disturb-
tUendaji, and for poetry shairi.) ance, uproar, riot. (Ar. Cf.
Utepe, n. (tepe, ma-), a narrow prec, and syn. usumbufu, ghasia,
strip of cloth, band, fillet, rib- makelele.)
bon, tape, badge on the arm (of a *Uth.ihirifu, n. (1) making clear
soldier). or evident, manifestation, demon-
TJtepetevu, n. languor, listless- stration ; (2) clearness, plainness.
ness, indolence, lack of energy. (Cf. (Ar. Cf. thahiri, -thihirifu.)
-tepetevu, tepetea, and syn. tilegevu, *Uthiki, n. (1) want of room,
uvivu.) narrowness, tightness (2) distress, ;

TJtesi, n. (ma-), (1) trouble, dis- annoyance. (Ar. Cf. thi£i.)

tress, annoyance, persecution ; (2) *Uthiko, n. (ma-), trouble, an-
strife, quarrelling, antagonism. Utesi noyance, vexation. (Ar. Cf. tit hi,
wa Muungu huu, this is a visitation uthia.)
of God. (Cf. tesa, teso.) *Uthilifu, n. (ma-), being brought
Utste, n. (tete), stalk or stem of low, bringing low, abasement, hu-
a reed or grass, used as a pipe, or miliation, degradation. Mathilifti,
musical instrument. (Cf. tete, ki- troubles, disasters, adversities. (Ar.
tete.) Cf. thili, -thilifu.)
Utetezi, n. (ma-), intercession, *Uth.uru, n. (1) excuse, pretext,
advocacy, argument or effort for or reason; (2) occasion, opportunity,
against, —and so also, opposition, emergency. E.g. nalikuwa na 11.
 —

TJTI 415 UTUMBO

wa kukutaka, I had a reason for asking *Utohara, n. (1) cleanness, esp.
you. Hana ruhusa kutembea billa ceremonial purity; (2) circumcision.
tithuru, he is not allowed to go walks (Ar. Cf. tohara, ta/iiri, and weuo.)
without occasion. Toa «., offer Utokezo, n. (wa-), (1) bringing
excuse. v.— excuse, allege an out, displaying, utterance; (2) pro-
excuse for, use as pretext. Ps. minence, appearance. U. wa mane-
tUhuriwa. Nt. uthurika, e. g. be no, coming out with words, abrupt
excused, or excusable, have an utterance, an aggressive speech.
apology made for one. Ap. uthur- (Cf. toka, tokeza, tokeo.)
ia, -iwa, e. g. allege pretext for, &c. Utoko, n. mucus (Lat. e vagina).
Cs. uthur-isha, -ishwa. (Ar. Cf. Utomvu, n. thick, viscid sap or
hoja, sababu.) juice from a plant. (Cf. uto,
Uti, n. (nytiti), of same root as ulimbo.)
mii, but mti being practically limited Utongo, n. (ma-), a discharge
to the meaning tree,' as a whole,
'
from the eyes. (Cf. chongo, ma-
whether growing or as ' timber, pole,' tongo.)
7iti supplies a means of rep esenting Utongozi, n. (ma-), (1) vicious
the root in other connexions, e.g. propensity, lasciviousness, vicious life;
(i) stem, trunk portion of a tree or (2) seduction (of women). (Cf. to-
shrub (cf. uti wa kuti, the central ngoza, kitongo.)
rib (wood) of the cocoanut leaf ) ; and Utoro, n. (1) running away, de-
(2) fig. of the backbone, uti wa sertion, truancy (2) condition (life,
;

maitngo, as the central support of occupation, profits) of a runaway

the human frame. Also (3) the slave ; (3) robbery, brigandage.
wooden part, shaft of a spear (titi wa (Cf. nitoro, toroka.)
mkuki), the brace of a drill {uti wa Utosi, n. crown of the head.
kekee) and (4) of a small bit of wood,
; Utoto, n. state (characteristics,
a chip, splinter, e. g. matchwood. condition) of a child or dependent,
(Cf. mti, kijiti, ? kiti, and dist. ute, childhood, dependence. (See Mtoto.)
uta, uto, utu.) Utu, n. human nature, humanity,
Utiko, n. roof-ridge of a thatched manhood, membership in the human
house, —
and so, ridge-tile, or any- race. Utu time, manhood, as contr. —
thing so used. (Cf. matiko.) with utu uke, womanhood. (Cf.
Utimbi, Utimfi, n. mischievous- mtu, and dist. uti, uto, ute, tita.)
ness, roguery. (Cf. kitimbi, timvi.) Utukufu, n.exalted state or sta-
Utiriri, n. elusiveness, being pro- tion, majesty, glory, aggrandizement.
voking, — conn, with tiririka, glide, (Cf. -tukufu, tukuza, and syn. atha-
slipaway. ma, heshima.)
Utisho, n. (tis/10), frightening, Utukutu, n. (1) restlessness, nerv-
scaring, causing abject terror. (Cf. ousness, tremulousness (2) playful-
;

tisha, — and tiisha, reduce to sub- ness, petulance, fidgeting, mischiev-

mission.) ousness, e. g. of a child. (Cf. tikisa,
Uto, n. (nyuto) or Ute, and perh. iukutiza, -tukutu.)
Uta, of any thick, viscid, oily fluid. Utulivu, n. quietness, rest, peace-
E.g. uto (lute) wa yai, white of fulness, gentleness,- composed manner
egg. Uto wa mafnta, oil. Uto wa or mind. (Cf. -tulivu, tua, and
lisasi, lead in a semi-liquid (molten) syn. upoh, tinyaynafu, raha.)
state; uto wa ?iyama, dripping, Utumbafu, n. swelling, bulging,
from meat, melted fat. (Cf. rising up. (Cf. tumbaa, titmba,
utomvu, and perh. mto, kijuto for tumbo.)
kijito.) Utumbo, n. contr. with tumbo
 —; ;

TJTUMBUIZO 416 UVUKUTO

{ma-), as meaning (i) gut, i.e. the but utungu is limited in Z. to the
substance or material of the intestine special sense, pains of childbirth,
(2) the gut proper, the intestine, birth pangs, labour, delivery, i.e.
matumbo signifying the guts gener- utungu wa kuzaa (wa uzazi).
ally, i.e. intestines and contents of Utunu, n. quality of being rare,
the lower part of the body, and choice, valuable. (Cf. tunu, tu-
tumbo, stomach, &c. (See Tumbo, nu ka.)
Kitumbo, and prec.) Utupa, n. the juice of a kind of
TJtumbuizo, n. singing a lullaby, Euphorbia, mttipa, used as a fish-
soothing by singing, singing a refrain poison.
in a dance. (Cf. tumbuika, tu- Utupu, n. (i) bareness, emptiness,
mbuizo.) simplicity, being unmixed, purity.
TJtume, n. being employed (sent, Not common,because of the commoner
used), and TJtumi, Utumo, employ- meaning (2) nakedness, nudity, in —
ing (sending, using), both —meaning a vulgar sense, and (3) sexual organs.
employment, use, service, errand, E. g. wanawaume wanakwenda utu-
wages for service. (Cf. tuma, pu, hawavai nguo, the men go naked,
tume, mtume, andfollg. For final wearing no clothes. Utupu is used
-e of utumesee -e. Dist. zichumi.) (like uchungu) as an adj. preserving
Utumishi, n. {tumishi, and ma-), its special meaning. (See -tupu,
and TJtumizi, like utume, i. e. being and cf. the less vulgar uchi.)
used, or using, act of service, use, Uu-, this initial sound may also be
employment, work (duties, pay, &c.) looked for under TJ and "W.
of a servant. E. g. katika ?natu- TJuaji, n. murderousness, savagery,
mishiyangu, in my service. Kitu cha blood-shedding, massacre. (Cf. ua,
utumizi, a handy article, an imple- v., and -uaji.)
ment, utensil, tool. Matumizi mengi, *Uudi, n. and TJdi (which see).
many uses, much service. (Cf. (Ar.)
tutume, utumwa, mtumishi, &c.) Uuguzi, n. {ma-), nursing, medi-
TJtumwa, n. state of being used or cal attention, care of the sick. (Cf.
—
employed, but esp. of slavery, forced ugua, mwuguzi, and syn. ulezi, u-
service, being used as a tool or ganga.)
instrument merely. Tia utumwani, TJvimbe, n. (1) being swollen,
enslave. Toa utumwani, emancipate. puffed out, distention, protuberance,
(Cf. tuma, mtumwa, and prec, and projection, inflation; (2) girth, cir-
contr. uhuru, ungwatia.) cumference. (Cf. vimba.)
Utunda, n. {tunda), a string of Uvivu, n. idleness, slackness, negli-
beads, worn by women round the gence, sloth, indolence. (Cf. -vivu,
utunda wa ushanga. (Cf. and syn. ulegevti, utepetevu, uzembe.)
loins, i.e.
kondavi.) TJvuguvugu, n. lukewarmness,
TJtungo, n. noun of action from tepidity, i. e. neither cold nor hot,
tunga (which see) in its various wala baridi wala hari. (Cf. -vu-
—
meanings, like mtungo, e.g. (1) guvugu.)
composing, arranging, literary com- Uvukizo, n. {ma-), producing -or
position (novel, essay, &c.) (2) form,;
causing smoke, burning of aromatics,
fashion, build, make, mould, plan fumigants, &c, fumigation. Plur. of
(3) idea, proposal, design, fancy; things thus used. (Cf. vuka,
(4) invention, figment ; (5) a series, vukisa, vukizo.)
succession, chain, line (of ideas, Uvukuto, exhalation (pro-
n. (1)
objects, &c.). duced by heat), vapour, steam,
Utungu, n. same as TJchungu, smell of perspiration (2) working
;
 .

TJVTJLANA 417 TTWILI

bellows. (Cf. vukuta, mvtikuto, *TJwakili, n. condition ''employ-
mvuke.) ment, methods, salary, &c.) of an
TJvulana, n. age, condition, &c., agent or representative {wakili .

of a young unmarried man, youthful- stewardship. (Ar. Cf. wakili.)

ness, bachelorhood. (Cf. mvulana, *TJwali, n. office (dignity, duties,
and syn. ujana.) salary, &c.) of a governor, governor-
TJvuli, n. (vuli), shade, shadiness, ship. (Ar. Cf. wali, liwali.)
— in general. (See Mvuli, and cf. TJwambo, n. (1) act (manner,
kivuli, mwavuli.) operations, &c.) of stretching over,
TJvumba, n. an odoriferous gum, &c. (See Wamba.) (2) the laced
used for perfume and incense. (Cf. cords of a native bedstead. (Cf.
udi, ubani, and vukizo.) kitaiida, kiwambo.)
TJvumbi, n. dust, dust as a sub- TJwanda, n. wanda) and Uwanja,
stance, a grain of dust, dust collec- an open space, i. e. (1) in towns, and
tively (cf. vumbi), dustiness. Tifua
up dust also piga u., make a
u., stir ;
so usually in Z. —
public square, space
before houses, or (in houses) court-
dust. (Cf. vumbi, a mas~ of dust, yard, yard, plot of enclosed ground
and uchanga, mckanga, also tiftttifu.) attached to a house (2) in the ;

Uvumi, n. {ma-), (i) any low country, —open ground, plain, wilder-
indistinct sound, such as rumbling, ness. uwanja, kiwanja, and syn.
(Cf.
roaring, humming, buzzing, murmur- ugo, ua, and dist.wangwa, uwanga.)
ing ; (2) common talk, rumour, TJwanga, n. and Wanga (TJanga)
report, gossip, fame. (Cf. vuma, (which see).
mvumo.) Uwanja, n. court, enclosure, open
TJvumilivu, n. endurance, per- space in front of a house or among
severance, patience, fortitude. (Cf. houses. (Cf. kiwanja, and uwanda,
vumilia, and syn. stahimili, saburi.) which is the same word.)
Uvundo, n. and TJvundu, a bad TJwati, n. (mbati), (1) wall-plate.
smell, stink, stench. (Cf. harufu, See Mbati. (2) an eruption on the
vumba, and contr. mamikato, nuka.) skin.
Uvungu, n. and TJvurungu, TJwatu, n. the herb fenugreek.
hollowness. Jiwe la uvurttngu, a *TJwazi, n. openness, plainness,
hollow stone. (Cf. mvungu.) clearness, distinctness, intelligibility.
TJvunjifu, destructiveness,
n. (Ar. Cf. wazi, and syn. uthahiri,
vandalism, destruction, devastation, ubaini.)
broken condition, wreck. (Cf. *TJwaziri, n. office (dignity, duties,
vunja, -vunjifu, and syn. ukarabu, pay) of a minister or chief secretary'
upotevu.) of a monarch. (Ar. Cf. waziri.)
TJvunjo, n. a breaking, &c. See TJwele, n. (ma-), the edible grain
Vunja, Mvunjo. produced by the plant mwele, a kind
Uvuno, n. (ma-), harvesting, reap- of millet. (Cf. mawele.)
ing, gathering crops, getting profits. *TJwele. See TJeie.
Plur. mavitno, crops, harvest, returns, TJwezo, n. and sometimes TJweza,
profits. (Cf. vuna, mavuno, and TJwezi, (1) being able, and so (2) —
mavune.) strength, might, power, capacity,
TJvurungu, n. and TJvungu authority, ability, faculty. (Cf.
(which see). weza, and syn. nguvu, enzi, mamlaka,
TJvusho, n. act (time, place, amri, akili.)
means, fare) of carrying across, a TJwili, n. being twofold, duality,
ferry. Similarly uvushi. (Cf. dualism, doubleness. (Cf. pili,
vuka.) -wili. For articles of double texture.
E
 )

TJWIMA 418 UZEE

or folded in two, extra thick, cf. ingenuity, cleverness, knowingness,
maradufu.) intelligence. (Cf. jua, ujtizi,
Uwima, See Uima.
n. ujuvi.)
TJwinda, n. (mbinda) and Uwinja TJza, v. (1) sell, —the only com-
(mbinjd), also TJinda, Uinja, (i) mon word. The Infin. form kuza is
hunting; (2) a way of wearing the often used, making it more distin-
loin-cloth, when engaged in hunting guishable from uza, for ziliza, i. e. ask.
or hard work, viz. tucking it tightly Uza appears to be a Cs. form of a
between the legs and round the loins, verb ua, buy, not used in Swahili, in
and as the Banyan fashion is in Z. which the u sound is light and faint,
E.g. ukimpenda Banyani, umpende —
and to mean, cause (invite, permit)
na uinda wake, if you love a Banyan, to buy, effect a sale. Hence uza
love his ways too (3) a hunter's
;
is used both (1) of persons, sell, and
whistle or call. E. g. piga uwinja, ( 1 (2) of things, be for sale. E. g. a
adjust the loin-cloth (as above), gird man may reply to, Uza, i. e. name a
up the loins; (2) give a whistle. price, Haiuzi, it is not for sale Hence .

Endeleza mbinja, give a prolonged also the peculiar form uliza, or Uza,
whistle or call. (Cf. winda, linda, sell, i. e. another Cs. form of ua,
and for whistling msonyo.) from an Ap. ulia, e. g. utuulize.
Uwindaji, Uwindi, Uwindo, n. Siuzi, please let us buy. I do not
(ma-) and Windo, art (profession, sell. Amemliza ng'ombe, he has sold
method, &c.) of hunting. Mawindo, him a cow. Nimemwuliza sha??iba,
what is got by hunting, booty, prey. I have sold him an estate. Ps.
(Cf. winda, and prec.) uzwa. Nt. uzika, e. g. be for sale.
Uwingu, n. (mbingzi), (1) the sky, Ap. uzia, uziwa, and uz-ilia, -iliwa,
cloud region, upper air, heaven (2) sell to (for, in, at, with, by, &c).
;

cloudiness, darkness, gloom. Plur. No Cs. Rp. uzana. (Cf. uza-

—
mbingu, the skies, heaven, used nya, and nadi, zabuni, nunua.) (2)
—
sometimes as sing. Mbingu ikanena ask, for tiliza (which see).
kwamba mimi bora, Heaven said, I *Uzani, n. weighing, weight (by
am best. Mbingu sabaa, the seven measure). (Ar. Cf. mizani, and
heavens. Kumefanya uwingu mku- syn. uzito. For measures of weight
bwa, there came on a deep gloom. cf. wakia, ratli, pishi, frasila.)
(Cf. xvingu, a cloud, and hewa, Uzanya, v. be for sale, be sold.
anga.) (Cf. uza.)
*Uwitha, n. (mauwitha) and Uzao, n. (ma-), product, pro-
"Watha, Witha, sermon, solemn duction, offspring. (Cf. follg., and
exhortation. (Ar. Cf. hotuba, mzao, zao, kizao, zaa.)
hutubu.) Uzazi, n. (1) reproduction at any
Uwivu, n. and Uivu (which see). stage, production of fruit, or off-
Uwongo, n.and Uongo (which spring ; (2) parentage (of man or
see). animal, male or female), begetting,
*Uyabisi, n. (1) dryness, drying up, procreation, childbirth, delivery, con-
hardness, stiffness ; (2) disobliging finement ; (3) reproductive power,
conduct, rudeness, reserve. E.g. u. fruitful ness, fertility, fruit- bearing ;

wa maungo, of rheumatism, and u. (4) produce, offspring, but this is —

wa tumbo, costiveness. (Ar. Cf. usually mazao. Chango la uzazi ,
yabisi, and ubaridi.) umbilical cord. (Cf. zaa, kizazi,
Uyoga, n. (nyoga), an edible mzazi, zao.)
fungus, mushroom. Uzee, n. being old, old age.
Uyuzi, n. for common ujuzi, (Cf. mzee, kizee, and perh. zaa.)
 ; ;

TJZEMBE 419 UZUSHI

TJzembe, n. slackness, idleness, Jiuzulu, resign an office, abdicate,
indifference, negligence. (Cf. -ze- retire. Ps. uzuliwa. Ap. zizul-ia,
mbe, and syn. uivu, ulegevu.) -iwa. Cs. uzul-isha, -ishwa, intens.
TJzi, n. thread, cotton,
(?iyuzi), — n. 'ma-), abdication, dismissal,
string, fibre, —
and similar objects, e. g. discharge. (Ar. Cf. ondoa, ondo-
small sinew, ligature, a thin stripe, a sha, toa, shusha, tusha.)
fine beading. TJzungo, n. and Uzingo, that
TJzima, n. (i) life, vitality, health, which surrounds, goes round, is
vigour, soundness (2) being full-
;
round, e. g. uzungo wa mwezi, a
grown, adult age, full development halo round the moon. (Cf. zinga,
(3) completeness, wholeness, totality, mzingo, ziinguka, uziingu, &c.)
fulldimensions, freedom from injury, Uzungu, n. (1) Europe, the coun-
(defect, harm). Uzima can also try of the foreigners, i. e. the whites
be used of '
life, lifetime,' but this is (tVazungti); (2) strangeness, won-
commonly maisha. (' Timeof life, drousness, novelty (3) giddiness. ;

age' is umri.) Utu tizima, full age, (Cf. -znngu, mzungii, kizungtizungu ,

manhood, years of discretio. 1. (Cf. zungukaJ)

zima, a., and see Maisha.) Uzuri, n. beauty, mainly exter- —
Uzingizi, n. See Usingizi. nal, and appealing to the senses, and
Uzingo,n. See TJzungo. so often of things concrete, an orna-
*Uzini, n. irregular sexual inter- ment, decorative work, a work of
course, adultery, fornication, immoral art, a perfume, a cosmetic, &c. But
living. (Ar. Cf. zini, zani, and also of excellence,' and even moral
'
'

syn. ufisadi, ufasiki.) goodness,' considered rather as good

*Uzinifu, n. viciousness (of tem- taste than good principle (wema .

perament or wantonness, lasci-

life), Fanya u., make a display, adorn
viousness, sexual immorality. (Ar. oneself. Tia u., give a finish to.
Cf. prec.) A native list of points of personal
Uzio, n. (nyuzio), a fish-trap con- beauty gives uso mdawari, a round
sisting of a fence of upright sticks face shingo la mwanzi, a smooth
;

fastened together, and used for en- neck macho y a kikombe, large well-
;

closing an area, sometimes very opened eyes; pua ya upanga, a thin

large, on a sloping tidal shore, and nose (not short and broad) mikonoya ;

preventing the escape of fish as the binu, graceful, well-shaped arms

tide falls. (Cf. kickaga, utata, mwili umeviringana, a plump, well-
and dema, also zio.) rounded figure meno za pembe, teeth ;

TJziwa, n. high sea, open unbroken like ivory. For personal ornaments
expanse of water, sea as seen from see urembo, and cf. pambo. (See
the shore. (Cf. ziwa.) -zuri.)
TJzuio, n. (ma-), hindering, pre- Uzushi, n. (1) sudden
and Uzuzi,
venting, stoppage, obstructing, ob- appearance or bringing to light, as
stacle, hindrance, check. (Cf. out of a hole, — outburst, emergence,
zuia, zuio.) coming in sight, bobbing up from
TJzuka, n. condition of a kizuka water, &c. (2) invention, discovery,
(see Kizuka (3)\ i. e. state of mourn- novelty, fictisn, false accusation, gos-
ing and seclusion. Ondoa u., bring sip, innovation, heresy, reform. E. g.
mourning to an end (Kr.). ttzushi wa lulu, of a diver's work,
*TJzulu, v. remove from office, bringing up pearls to the surface.
dismiss, cause to abdicate, dethrone, Uzushi mwwgi, a complete revolu-
depose, degrade. U. kazini or ka- tion. (Cf. zua, zuka, mzushi,
tika kazi, discharge from work. uzuka.)
E e
 !;

uzuzu 420 VIE A

Uzuzu, n. condition of a new- wearing apparel, dress, robes, gar-
comer, rawness, inexperience, strange- ments, clothes. (Cf. vaa.)
ness (to country, companions, sur- Vema, a. and adv. for vyema,
roundings, &c). (Cf. mzuzu, from -ema, good, i. e. rightly, well,
zuzua, and syn, ujinga, ugeni,upya.) nicely, properly, &c. Esp. as a
common rejoinder of assent or ap-
V. proval, Certainly ! Good ! Very well
— njema, ngema, inshallah, ee-
like
V represents the same sound as in tvallak. (Cf. -ema, and vi-.)
English. But it is not clearly dis- Vi, verb-form, they are, agreeing —
tinguishable from /"in some Swahili with D 3 (P), e. g. vyakula hivi vi
words, partly no doubt under the ghali, this food is dear, taking the —
influence of Arabic, which has only place of ni, or Pres. Tense Indie, of
the/" sound. Hence words not found wa, be.
under V may be looked for under F. Vi- (Vy-), as a pfx., (i)in nouns,
(See P.) is the pfx. of
Plur. 3 (P), and D
Vaa, v. put on as clothes, dress in, of adjs. agreeing with it; and (2)
wear, clothe oneself, dress. Amevaa in verbs, is the pfx., subjective and
nguo nzuri, he is wearing a fine dress. objective, agreeing with the above
Hajavaa, he is still dressing. Ps. nouns. Obs. also (3) vivi hivi,
valiwa, (i) of things, be worn ; (2) these very things, in this very way,
of persons, be dressed. Nt. vika just so. Vi- (vy-), as a pfx. of
is used as act., clothe (with), cause adjs., is also the commonest way of
to wear, dress (in), with pass, vikwa, giving them an adverbial meaning.
be clothed (with). Ap. valia, val- E.g. vikubwa, on a large scale;
iwa, valika, e. g. (1) put on with vizuri, nicely; vibaya, badly, and obs.
(for, in, &c), but esp. (2) put on vivyo, hivi, vile, ndivyo, and other
something by way of addition to adverbial forms. Cf. use of ki, e. g.
ordinary clothes, — and so, dress one- kidogo, kizungu, &c. See Ki-.
self up, wear fine clothes, be a dandy, Obs. words beginning with vi- (vy-)
— and of a soldier, put on accoutre- may, as a rule, be looked for under ki-
ments. E. g. mshipi wa kuvalia (ch-), or under the letter following vi-.
nguo, a belt to secure one's clothes Via, v. fail of full development
with. Amevalia leo, he has got (completion, perfection), and so (1)
his best things on to-day. Also in a be stunted, cut short, half done, un-
fig. sense, neno hili lajivalia, this finished, blighted, underdone, spoilt
matter stands on its merits. Hence and (2) fig. be a failure, lack life, be
valiana, e. g. collectively of many of a low type, be backward, stagnate.
persons together. Cs. vali-sha, Cs. viza, vizwa, e. g. cut short, inter-
-shwa, but usually vika, as above, rupt, break off, keep back (work,
and also visha, vishwa, cause to progress, growth, &c), e.g. ameni-
wear, give clothes to, &c. Rp. viza kazi, he prevented me doing my
vishana. (Cf. vao, valio, vazi, work properly. Hence vizia
vika, vua.) (which see). (Perh. cf. vilia, vizia,
Valio, n. (ma-), extra apparel, and viza, a., and syn. vunja, haribu,
accoutrements, ornaments, additions zuia, katiza.)
to usual dress. (Cf. follg.) Vifaa, n. plur. (sing, kifaa not
Vao, n. (ma-), style (place, act) of in use), things useful, requisites,
dressing, mode of wearing, some- appliances, necessaries, accessories.
thing worn, dress, &c. (Cf. follg.) (Cf. /aa, mafaa.)
Vazi, n. (ma-), article of dress, Vika, Vikwa, Visha, v. See Vaa.
 VILE 421 VUA
Vile, a. demonstr. from -le, (i) tle. (Cf. pigano, jeshi, asikari,
agreeing with 3 (P) D ; (2) adv. thus, and perh. cf. ita, call.)
in that way, so. Vilevile, just the Vivi, a. only in phrase vivi kivi,
same, just so, as before, equally. i.e. agreeing with U 3 P), these
(Cf. vi-, vivi kivi, vivyo, &c.) very, just these, — and as adv. just so,
Vilia, v. stop running, stagnate, in this very way. (Cf. vi-, and
e. g. of flowing blood, form clots, co- vivyo hivyo.)
agulate. Cs. vili-za, -zwa, and visa, -vivu, a. {vivn with D 4 (P), D 5
vizwa, make stop, staunch, cut off (S), D 6), idle, slack, remiss, indolent,
the flow^from). (Cf. follg. and slow. (Cf. uvivu, and -legefu,
via.) -zembe.)
Vilio, n. (ma-), stopping short, (1) Cs. of via Viza,
(2) for v.
stagnation, — but esp. of blood, co-
viliza, Cs. of vilia. n. a spoilt — ;

agulation, clotting, clot. (Cf. prec. thing, e. g. an addled egg, viza la

Dist. vilio, plur. of kilio, and verb- yai, or yai viza. (See Via.)
form, '
those which are,' for vilivyo.) Vizia, v. Ap. from via, i. e. spoil
Vimba, swell, expand, be
v. dis- work for, frustrate, balk, try to pre-
tended (puffed out, swelled, bloated, vent success or completion of (see
stuffed). Ap. vimb-ia, -iwa. Cs. Via). Put vizia is commonly used
vimb-isha, -ishwa, e. g. jivimbisha, in a more limited sense, waylay, be
gorge oneself with food, eat glutton- on the watch for (in a hostile sense),
ously. (Cf. tivimbe, and wimbi, beleaguer, beset, keep an unfriendly
prob. of same root, and syn. timka, eye on, molest, harass. No deriv.
fura.) stems usual except Ps. vizizva, and Rp.
*Vinjari, v. cruise about, be on viziana.
the watch, search about, but esp. of — Vua, be distinguished from
v. (to
ships or boats. So merikebu ya another common
verb fua), A. take
vinjari, a cruiser, a ship on patrol. off clothes, undress, unclothe oneself,
(? Kx.finshari, and cf. sanjai'i.) strip, both act. and neut.— with or
Vinya, n. dandle in the arms, i. e. without nguo. Used of any article of
vinya (or, vinya-vinya) mtoto. (Cf. dress, e. g. vua kojia, take off a cap.
pembeza, bembeza, and &\st.jinya.) Rarely of anything else, e. g. vua
Viringa, v. become round, form a macho, utazame, open your eyes and
curve or bend, be rounded (spherical). look. Contr. vaa, put on clothes,
Cs. viring-isha, -ishwa, make round dress. Ps. vuliwa, (1) of clothes,
(curved, bent). Rp. viringana, be taken off; (2) of persons, be un-
—
be round, like viringa, and hence dressed, stripped. Nt. vuka, e. g.
viringanisha, for viringisha. (Cf. nguo yote ituemvtika, all his clothes
mviringo, and IJingirisha.) —
have come off him, but dist. vuka,
Visha, v. give clothes to, dress. cross over. Ap. vulia, vuliwa,
(See Vika, Vaa.) vulika, e.g. take off for (from, in,
Vita, n. ( —
but vita is itself often
, with, &c). Cs. vuliza, vulizwa,
treated as D
3 (P)), (1) war, battle, e. g. make take off clothes, force
fighting; (2) contest, struggle, wran- (induce, allow) to undress. Rp.
gle, dispute. Fanya (piga) vita, vuana. ^Cf. vulio.) B. fish,

make war, fight. Leta v., raid, in- catch fish, try to catch fish, —with or
vade. Alika v., issue a summons without samaki. E. g. vua baha-
to soldiers, call to arms, muster rini, engage in sea-fishing. Vua
—
an army, so ktisanya v. Funga v., samaki, catch fish. Also vua
Deriv.
engage in war, commence opera- mshipi, fish with a line.
tions. Vita vikubwa, a great bat- stems as above, e. g. ndoana ya ku-
 —

VUATA 422 VUMA

vulia, a fish-hook. (Cf. mvuvi, cause (allow, induce) to cross, convey
tivuvi, mvuo.) C. save, preserve, across (through, past), ferry over.
get out of a difficulty, —
perh. from
the idea of getting across a river (see
Rp. vukana. (Cf. vua, C, ?nvuko,
kivuko, mvushi, uvushi.) B. Nt.
Vuka). Avuaye ni karibu, a pre- of vua, of clothes, &c, be taken off.
server is at hand. Muungu atahu- (See Vua, A.) C. (in this sense
vua, inshallah utavuka, God will also //</£#), give out smoke or fumes,
save you. All well, you will be safe. smoke, turn to smoke or vapour,
(Cf. vuka, mvuko, kivuko.) with or without vioski, evaporate, be
Vuata, v. put in the mouth, hold vaporized. Nyumba yao haivuki
between the teeth, e. g. a bone, moshi, no smoke rises from their
tobacco, sugar, &c. house. Ap. vuk-ia, -iwa. Cs.
Vuaza, v. (i) make a cut in, cut, vuk-isha, -ishwa, -iza, -izwa, cause
pierce ; (2) fig. hurt, give pain (to). to give out smoke, turn to vapour,
E. g. v. mnazi, cut the flower-stem of make fumes with, smoke (i. e. apply
—
a cocoanut tree, to get the sap smoke to), fumigate, cense, burn
(tembo). Kisu kimenivuaza, the incense. E. g. v. maiti (nyumba),
knife has cut me. Neno hililavuaza, fumigate a corpse (a house) with
this matter is painful. Ps. vua- incense. V.udi, burn aloe wood,
zwa. (Cf. syn. kata, thoma, for fumigation. Also v. maiti kwa
chanja, toja.) uvtimba. (Cf. vukizo, mvuke,
-vuguvugu, a. tepid, lukewarm, vuke, vukizo, vukuta, &c, all of —
neither cold nor hot. (Cf. uvugu- which are also heard as fukizo,
vugu.) mfuke, &c.)
Vuja, v. (1) allow liquid to pass Vuke, n. (ma-), vapour, steam,
in or out, leak, let in, let out; (2) a drop of condensed steam, sweat.
of a liquid, pass in, pass out, ooze (Cf. prec)
out, leak out (or, in). E. g. mashna Vukizo, n. (ma-), (1) vapour,
yavuja (yavuja maji), maji yavuja fumes, steam, smoke (2) anything ;

mashuani, the boat leaks. Nyumba burnt or used for fumigation, incense,
yavuja, the house lets in the rain. &c. (Cf. prec, and kivukizo.)
Ap. vuj-ia, -iwa, -ika, e. g. mvua Vukuta, v. blow with bellows, work
i?nenivujia, the rain came in upon bellows, —
with or without mifua,
me. Ukuta inavujika, the wall is bellows. (See Mfua, Mvukuto.)
being spoilt by a leak, by water — Vukuto, a. (ma-), sweat, a drop of
getting in. (Cf. chuja, chuza.) sweat, condensed vapour. Alsovukuto
Vuka, A. Nt. of vua, (1) most lajasho. (Cf. prec, and mvukuto,
commonly in the sense, get across, uvukuto, also vuka, and follg.)
cross over, be ferried over, pass over, Vule, n. and Vuli, the season of
— of crossing a river or the sea in a the lesser rains in Z. (See Mvule.)
canoe or ship; but also (2) pass Vulio, n. (ma-), clothes laid aside
through (of a forest), get to the other or not in use, cast-off (old, rotten)
side (of a hill), &c. ; (3) be saved, clothing, the cast skin or slough of
escape, be preserved, e. g. waliosi- snakes, &c. (Cf. vua, A., and
mama vitani wakavuka, those who contr. valio.)
stood firm in the fight escaped alive. Vuma, v. (1) usually of any low
Ap. vuk-ia, -iwa, e.g. cross by (in, indistinct sound, i. e. roar, growl,
with, at, &c), e. g. tulivukia chini, rumble, hum, buzz, rustle, e.g. of
we crossed on our feet, by wading. wind, thunder, wild beasts, insects,
Chombo cha kuvukia, a ferry-boat. drum. Baridi inavuma leo, it is
Cs. vuk-isha, -ishwa, vusha, vushwa, blowing hard to-day. (2) fig. rumour,
 VUMBA 423 VTJNJA
talk about, spread news (of), — and suddenly, wake up with a start.
also, be rumoured, be in the air, be (May be compared with fumba, and
a subject of common talk, — but thus its derivatives, or perh. vumbi, vum-
usu. in Nt. form. Ps. vumwa. bika, and syn. fumbua,funua.)
Nt. vnmika, e.g. be rumoured, be Vumi, n. (ma-), a loud rumble,
talked about, become famous or roar, hum, roll of a drum, &c. Also
notorious. Kuvumika kwa uganga,to name of a kind of drum. (Cf.
. be famed for medical skill. Ap. vuma, uvumi.)
vum-ia, -iwa, and perh. viimilia Vumilia, v. bear, endure, perse-
(which see). Cs. vum-isha, -ishwa, vere in, suffer, tolerate. Ps. vumi-
e. g. (i) cause to make a noise, sound ;
lia. Nt. vumilika. Cs. vumil-
(2) make well-known, celebrate, ad- isha, -ishwa. Ap. vumiliana.
vertise. Also intens. simba akavum- (Perh. an Ap. from vuma, i. e. of a
isha kilio kikuu, the lion uttered a man groaning under a burden, doing
furious roar.Rp. vumana. (Cf. hard work, &c. Cf. syn. stahimili,
uvumi, mvumo, vumo.) chukica.)
Vumba, n. (ma-), something with Vuna, v. (1) gather a crop, reap,
a bad smell, dried fish, foreshore, &c. get in harvest of any kind (2) fig.;

Also the name of a famous old coast reap profit, get an advantage, profit.
town a little north of Z. now in ruins. Hence the expression jivuma, boast
(Cf. vunda, tivundo.) oneself, brag, swagger, show off, give
Vumbi, (ma-), dust, a mass
n. oneself airs, be conceited (cf. jiona,
(collection, cloud) of dust, fine jigamba.) Ps. vunwa. Nt.
powder, sediment. (Cf. tivumbi, vtmika. Ap. vun-ia, -iwa, e. g.
and follg.) reap for (with, at, &c). Aimemvu-
Vumbika, v. or perh. Fumbika nia shamba lake, I have got in his
(see below), —
used in a limited sense, crop for him. Cs. vun-isha, -ishwa,
put (cover up) in dust, ashes, leaves, e.g. employ in reaping, contract for
embers, soil, &c, e.g. put fruit under- harvesting. (Cf. mvuni, mavuno,
ground to ripen it, store cocoanuts majivuno, uvuno, and syn. chuma, .

for seed, put in the ground, plant faidi.)

a seed or seedling. Ps. viwibikwa. Vunda, v. rot, putrefy. Nyama
Ap. vumbik-ia, -iwa. Cs. vumbik- mbichi ao ya kuvunda, fresh or putrid
isha, -ishwa. (Cf. vumbi, but meat. (Cf. uvundo, and perh.
rather perh. fumba, and so vti- vumba, and commoner syn. oza.
mbua.) Also dist. /unda, v.)
Vumbilia, v. stir up, excite, get Vunde, n. (ma-). See Mavunde.
mixed up in, e. g. in a quarrel, brawl, -vungu, a. (same with D 4 (P),
war. Ps. vumbiliwa. Nt. vu- D 5 (S), D 6), hollow, having a
mbilika. (Cf. prec, and vumbi.) cavity. (Cf. mvuugu, uvungu,
Vumbua, v. or perh. Fumbuka and syn. -iupu.)
(which see), discover, explore, open Vunja, break, break down
v. (1)
up, hunt out, invent, find out, come (up, in pieces, into, through, out of,
upon, bring to light, disclose. E.g. off, away), and so (2) spoil, damage,
vumbua explore a country.
inchi, destroy; (3} put a stop to, balk, frus-
V. njia, find a road. Ps. vumbu- trate. E. g. v. chungic, break a
liwa. Nt. vumbuka. Ap. vumbu- cooking pot Cused of the final feast
lia, -liwa, -lika, e. g. vumbtilika, or carnival before the Ramathan fast
be disclosed, burst out suddenly or begins). V. thamani, destroy the
violently, be come upon unexpectedly. value, depreciate, disparage. V. uso,
Cs. vumbtcsha, e. g. intens. come on put to shame, bring dishonour on,
 , ,

VUKUGA 424 W
insult openly. V. vnvendo, be a tempt, allure, lead astray. Also with
drag, spoil a day's march, make delay. various special applications, e. g. v.
V. rttpia, change a rupee, —
into small makasia, use an oar, row, and v.
coin. V. tingo, deflower, ravish. mashua, row a boat. V. upanga,
V. baraza, dismiss a meeting. V. draw a sword (cf. chomod). V. ma-
merikebu wreck a vessel V. nyumba
, . neno, put a strain on words, i. e.
pull down a house. V. moyo, dis- strain their meaning. V. tunibako,
courage, dishearten. V. adui, defeat smoke a pipe. V. maji, bale out
an enemy. V. mwitu, break through water. Ps. vntwa. Nt. vutika,
a forest, force one's way. Occasion- e.g. be pulled, be capable of being
ally Nt., e. g. watu wakavimja upesi, stretched or altered. So zlsovutikana.
the crowd soon broke, i. e. gave way. Ap. vut-ia, -iwa, and vut-ilia, -iliwa,
Ps. vunjwa. Nt. vunjika, e.g. -ilika, of particular operations, e. g.
jahazi imevunjika, the vessel is in plaiting. Cs. vut-isha, -ishwa.
wrecked. Hence vunjikana, be break- Rp. vutana, e.g. all pull together.
able, be fragile. Ap. vunj-ia, -iwa. (Cf. mvuto, and syn. kokota, move by
Cs. vunj-isha, -ishwa (rarely heard). pulling, drag along, and dist. ftita.)
Rp. vunjana. (Cf. mvunjo, -vu- Vuvum'ka, v. grow up fast, de-
njifu, uvunjo, and syn. ponda, piga, —
velop quickly, shoot up, of vege-
haribu, komesha.) tation and also animal life. E. g. of
Vuruga, v. also Vuruja, and mangoes, children. (Cf. syn. chi-
Vuruka, (i) stir, stir up, stir round ptia, kua.)
(about), mix by stirring, —
esp. in cook- Vy-, for vi- before a vowel, e.g.
ery, or compounding medicines, &c, vyangu,vyako, &c, an&vyote,vyeusi.
mixing ingredients for mortar, for —
Vya, prep.,of, form agreeing with
embalming, &c. Also (2) stir the D 3 (P). (See Vi, -a.)
feelings of, excite, exasperate. Ps. Vyo, -vyo, (1) pron. relat. which,
viirtigwa. Nt. vurujika (but dist. agreeing with D3 (P), — only used
follg.). Ap. vuruj-ia, -iwa. Cs. separately in vyo vyote, whatever, and
vuruj-isha, -ishwa. (Cf. boruga, a few other phrases. (2) conj. 'as,'
and syn. changanya.) usually following ginsi, kama, kadiri,
Vurujika, v. and Furijika, be in and other words introducing an ad-
a mouldering (decaying, crumbling) verbial clause, — corresponding to the
condition, be completely decomposed use of vi to form adverbs from ad-
or putrefied. E. g. kitu hiki kinaoza, jectives, e. g. ginsi alivyokuwa, as he
hatta kinafurujika, this thing is de- was kama alivyosema, according to
;

caying, and even becoming wholly what he said kadiri niwezavyo, as

;

decomposed. far as I can. Mimi hapa nilivyo, ni

Vurumisha, v. and Furumiza, mzima, I, as Iam at present, am
Vuvumisha. V.jiwe, throw a stone. quite well.
Jivuriwiisha, cast oneself headlong.
(Perh. an emphatic form of vumisha,
i. cause to hum.
e. Cf. vtima, and
W.
syn. msha from ruka.)
Vusha, v. Cs. of Vuka (which see)
W same sound as
represents the
in English; (1) sometimes as a dis-
cross over. tinct consonant; (2) sometimes as a
Vuta, v. (1) draw, pull, drag, semi-vowel, not clearly distinguish-
strain, stretch, attract, have an effect able from u, or uw. Hence words
upon 5(2) change,
direction
pervert, give a
(meaning, aspect) to; (3)
new not found under W
may be looked
for under U, or Uw, and some words
have an influence on, charm, entice, are given under both.
 — —— ;;

w- 425 WAA
W-, by -wa, e. g. mambo hay a yamekuwa t
before a vowel, often repre-
sents the pfx. u
which see U).
(for these things have actually taken place,
—
Wa, (i) prep, of, form agreeing are facts and also absolute existence, ;

with D i (S, P), D 2 (S), D 4 (S). so far as a Swahili conceives it, e. g.

(See -a, prep.) (2) verb-form, they mwenyi kuwa, as a title of God,
are, agreeing with D I (P), e.g. wa- the Self-existent, He who is. Ndiye
tumwa wa rahisi, slaves are cheap. awaye, it is he who is (exists).
(3) conj. Arab, and occurs some- Obs. however, that -wa is rarely used
times, esp. in written Swahili, letters, at all in any sense in the Pres.
documents, &c, and in combination, Positive, and not often in the Pres.
e. g. wabadahu, wassalaam, wakata- Negative, e. g. yuwa, he is siwi, I ;

bahu. am not hamwi, you (plur.) are not.

;

"Wa-, as a pfx., is used : As a copula, it is (1) either simply

A. in nouns, to form plur. of 1.
It becomes w before vowels, except t,
with which it coalesces to form e, e. g.
mwivi, wevi, for waivi.
B. in adjectives, to
ment with plur. of D I.
w before vowels, except
wako wabaya, your people are bad.
C. verbs, the subjective and
in
objective pfx. of the 3 Pers. Plur.
agreeing with D
1 (P). Obs. (1)
wa- is also one of the objective pfxs.
used in agreement with ?zinyi, i. e.
the pron. of the 2 Pers. Plur., e. g.
nawapa means I give them,' or I
' '
give you' (plur.). Hence a form like
wawapenda may mean (1) they love
them (2) they love you (plur.); (3)
; —
you {wa for u-a, sing.) love them.
-wa, v. be, become, take place,
D omitted, —
or its place is taken by (2)
ni for all persons and numbers, or by
the personal pfxs. (*»", u, tu, wa,
&c.) used as independent forms, or
mark agree- (3) li, but only in combination with
It becomes a relative pfx. (-0, -lo, -vyo, &c.)
i, e. g. watu Simple existence is also expressed by
na in certain combinations. (See Na
(3) for this, and also for -wa na, as
corresponding to the English verb
'
have.') Ap. wia, wiwa, and wea
(?wewa), (1) with the usual preposi-
tional relations, be to (for, with,
in, &c), e.g. uniwie rathi, be kind
to me, favour me, pardon me; (2)
with a special and definite sense, viz.
be a creditor of, have* a claim on,
have in one's debt, both in Act. and
Pass. Thus ananiwia commonly
means, I owe him money namwia, ;

exist, occur, happen. (Kttwa is used he owes me money. So in the Pass,

in certain tenses. See under Ku, form nawiwa naye, I am his debtor;
1 (d), rules for monosyllabic verb- and awiwa nami, he is my debtor
roots.) (1) The common use of e.g. wote wenyi kumwia wakutane,
the simple verb -wa, in all tenses and let all his creditors hold a meeting
moods, is to connect Subject and nawiwa uzima wangle kwa Muungu,
Predicate in a sentence, and to supply I owe my life to God. The form
an auxiliary in forming compound wea not a different verb) is some-
(if
tenses, — like the verb To be in Eng- times used alone for ' be good for,
lish. (2) The meaning become '
' is turn out well to, be the property of.'
only clear in connexion with the sign No Cs. in use. Rp. wiana, e. g.
of the Pres. Tense Definite, -na-, e. g. be to each othfer, have relations with
jua linakuwa kali, the sun is be- each other, be mutually indebted or
coming scorching, and the Perf. Tense under obligations.
me-,e. g. amekuwa mgonjwa, he has Waa, v. shine brightly, blaze,
become sick, he is ill. (3) Concrete e.g. of the sun or moon, but not often
existence,i. e. being as fact, actual heard in Z. (Cf. waka, washa,
being or taking place, is expressed mawao, and the common ng'aa.)
 —

WAA 426 WAKILI

Waa, {ma-), spot, patch of
n. *Wajihi, v. appear, present oneself,
colour (light or dark), mark, stain, — and with kwa, visit, meet face to face,
speck, blot, e.g. kuku mwenyi matvaa, interview, salute. Wakawajihi kwa
a speckled fowl. (Perh. cf. waa, v. Seyidi, they appeared before the Sul-
of a spot which catches the eye, and tan. Rp. wajihiana, meet face to
syn. doa, kipaku.) face. (Ar. Cf. common onana,
*Wabadahu, Ar. for wa baadaya onekana, kzitana.)
hay a, in letters, ' and after this, and Waka, v. (1) blaze, burn brightly,
next.' (Cf. wa, conj.) be lighted, show a flame ; (2) smart,
*Wabba, n. cholera. (Ar.) burn, hurt (as by burning), be in-
*Wadi, Ar. (i) son of, like bin, flamed. Ap. wak-ia, -iwa. Cs.
and B. wa for mwana wa (2) rarely, washa, e. g. cause to burn, set fire to,
;

watercourse, bed of a torrent, ravine, light (afire or lamp). Nt.washika,

i. e. nwanja unaopita maji. be lighted, burn. Hence wask-ia,
*Wadi, v. keep to a time, com- -iwa, e.g. uniwashie taa, light the
plete a time, be up to time. Also —
lamp for me, and washikana, be in-
Ap. be fully time (for), be in good flammable, be capable of being lighted.
time (for). (Ar. ? ivdad, promise, (Cf. mwako, dist. aka, build.)
and cf. wakadi.) *Wakala, n. agency, appointment,
*Wadui, n. also Uadui, enmity, commission. (Ar. Cf. wakili.
hostility. (Ar. Cf. adui, and syn. Dist. wakala from -la, and they ate.')
'

ushindani, utesi^) *Wakati, n. (nyakati), time (in

Wafi, n. a stinging plant, a kind of general), season, period of time, point
nettle. of time, sufficient time, opportunity.
*Wafiki, "Wafikana, v. suit, agree, (Ar. Cf. saa, muda, muhulla, ma-
— same as afiki (which jira, zamani, and B. pindi, kipindi,
see). (Ar.)
*Wahadi, n. promise. See Ahadi. kitambo.)
(Ar.) "Wake, a. (1) pron. a., his, hers, its,
—
*Wahedi, n. and a., one, the from -ake, agreeing with — 1 (S, P), D
—
numeral, often used, as well as B. 2 (S), 4 D
(S) (2)Dfrom -ke, mke,
;

most, -moja. (Ar. Cf. (wa/i-) females, wives. (See -ke.)

edashara, eleven.) *Wakfu, n. SeeWakifu. (Ar.)
*Wahi, v. and Wai, be in time, *Wakia, n. an ounce (weight),
be prompt (ready, forward) to act. commonly reckoned in Z. as the
E. g. hakuxvahi kufika mjini, he had weight of an Austrian silver dollar
not time to get to the town (when), piece, i. e. ni uzito wa reale, and as 16
i.e. before he got to the town. to the pound weight {ratli). (Ar.
Akawahi ktimkaribisha, he was ready Dist. wakia, Ap. of waka.)
to welcome him. (Cf. wadi, v.) *Wakifu, v. cost, be priced at,
*Wainna, conj. if not, otherwise. cause expense. Ap. wakif-ia, -iwa,
(Arab, for common B. ka?na sivyo.) e. g. cost to (a person). a. —
*Wajibu, n. what is right, fitting, also Wakfu, and Wakf, set apart
proper, suitable; and so in moral sense, for religious purposes, consecrated,
duty, obligation, due courtesy. IVa- devoted to a holy use, esp. of land or —
jibu yako, what is expected of you, other gifts assigned to a mosque for
worthy of you. Mtoto wajibu heshima its expenses, pay of the minister, &c.
na wazee wake, a child should be (Ar. Cf. gharamia, simama.)
respectful to his parents. Also some- * Wakili, n. {ma-), agent, steward,
times as v., i.e. be proper, be a duty, representative, commissioner, mana-
be an obligation, with Ap. wajibia. ger (under a proprietor). Also some"
(Ar. Cf. bidi, pasa, sumia, -ema.) times v., act as agent, &c, and Cs.
 . —

WAKO 427 WANDA

wakilisha, appoint as agent, com- sana, a cat set up as a great saint.
lii
mission. (Ar. Cf. wakala, and Muungit akamshushia walii, God
mj'umbe, karani.) sent down an angel to him. (Ar.
Wako, (i) a. form of -ako, your, Cf. sujii, mtawa, and malaika, angel.)
agreeing with D
i (S, P), 2 (S), D Walio, n. (nyalio), used of bits of
D 4 (S) (2) verb-form, i. e. wa, pfx.
;
stick put crosswise at the bottom of
agreeing with D
I (P), and -ko (cf. a cooking pot to prevent the contents
huko), they are (there). (See -ako, from burning. Also of a kind of
Wa, -ko.) wattle fence for trapping fish. (Cf.
*Wala, conj. nor. Used (1) after uzio, tttata, and dist. walio as a verb-
a negative, repeating not reversing it, form, ' they who are.')
and so often translatable 'or'; (2) it- *Wallai, a common Swahili oath,
self repeated, wala.. .wala, neither.. not considered profane by Mahom-
nor. (Ar. ' and not,' cf. ao, ama, medans. (Ar. i. e. wa allah hai,
and follg.) by the living God. Cf. Allah, ee-
*Walakini, conj. but, however, wallah, inshallah, bismillah.)
nevertheless, notwithstanding. (Ar. Wamba, v. spread (bind, stretch,
Cf wa, lakini.) fix) over, overlay, overspread, over-
*Walao, adv. even, at least, any- cast. E.g. w. kitanda kvja mashu-
how, at any rate. E. g. humwachii patu, cover a bedstead with cords
walao kitu kidogo, you do not leave interlaced. W. ngoma kwa ngozi,
him even a little. Uganga walao wa stretch a skin tightly on a drum.
mvua, at least rain-medicine. (Ar.) Ukungu unawamba ulimwengu, a
"Wale, (1) adj. pronom. 'those, mist overspreads the earth. Also
— form of -le agreeing with D 1 (P) umewamba mlango, you have blocked
(see Yule) (2) subjunct. mood the door,
; —
of one who barred the way
of -la, v. that they may eat, let them with arms and legs. (Cf.wambo, and
eat. E. g. wale wa wait wale wait, kiwambo,kiwambaza, and perh. ambaa.
let those (people) of the governor Wambiso, n. fastening together,
have a meal of rice. holding together, attachment, clasp-
Wali, n. (1) (nyali, seldom used), ing. (Cf. ambisha, ambaa.)
cooked rice, i. e. rice so cooked that Wambo, n. for TJambo, — better
each grain is whole and separate, Uwambo (which see).
though soft and thoroughly done. *Wamini, Waminifu, n. faithful-
The staple dish of Zanzibar. Wali ness, trustworthiness, honesty, fidelity.
ni Sultani ya chakula, zvatawazwa (Ar. Cf. amini, imani, amana,
katika kiti, cooked rice is the king amina, -aminifii.)
of foods, it is placed on a royal Wana, (1) verb-form, they have,
throne, i. e. on a raised stool serving i.e. wa pfx. agreeing with D 1 (P) and
as a table. Rice cooked with too na (which see) (2) n. (for waana, ;

much water is wali mchepechepe, or plur. of mwana), children, or (for

majimaji. (Also cf. poroja la wali, tiand), youthfulness, childhood.
uji,ubabwa, matabwatabwa, mashe- Wanadamu, n. (1) also TJana-
ndea, and see Mchele.) damu, human nature, humanity (cf.
*Wali, n. (ma-), governor, the mwanadaimi, and utu, ubitiadaviu) ;

Sultan's representative in a town or (2) plur. of mwanadaimi, human

district, —
in Z. usually liwali (ma-), beings.
— perh. because wali for rice is so ' '
Wanda, v. get fat, become stout,
common. (Ar. Cf. liwali, tawala.) but in Z. commonly nenepa, 11011a.
—
*Walii, n. ( ), a holy one, a saint, Cs. wand-isha, -ishwa. n. (nya- —
an angel. E. g.paka akajifanya wa- nda), a fingei's breadth, about 1 —
 ; —
WANG A. 428 WASIA
inch, used sometimes in measuring communication, a letter (of corre-
(cf. chandd). Also pi. of uwanda spondence). Andikiana w., corre-
(which see). spond (by letter). Waraka u nussu
Wanga, reckon (cf.
v. (i) count, ya kuonana, a letter is next to seeing
kiwango), —but hesabu is the
in Z. each other. (Ar. Cf. barua, cheti,
usual word (2) cause pain, hurt.
;
hati, anwani, dibaji, and for a full
Ps. wangwa, but in Z. umiza, uma. account of Swahili as written in Arabic
— n. a kind of meal made from a characters, Biittner, Lehrbiicher des
plant growing in streams in Zanzibar Seminars fur orientalische Sprachen,
island (Maranta arundinacea, Sac), Berlin, Band 10.)
arrowroot, —
also used as (2) starch; *Wari, n. a yard
(measure), half a
(3) a sweet confection, sometimes fathom (pima), equal to two thiraa
with intoxicating ingredients (4) ;
or mukono. (Cf. urefu.)
name of a plant, perh. the above. V/aria,n. a skilled workman,
"Wangafu, n. and Uang-, bright- foreman, master-builder, contractor.
glow, transparency, power
ness, lustre, Often coupled with a defining word,
of reflecting light. (Cf. -angafu, seramala w., master carpenter, so —
anga, ng'aa, &c.) mwashi w., mwunzi w. (Cf. mbi-
Wangalifu, n. and Uang-, care- ngwa, mstadi, fundi.)
fulness, attention. (Cf. anga/ia.) *Waridi, n. also Waradi, Wardi,
"Wango, n. See Kiwango, a rose. Also as adj. hal waridi, rose-
Mwango. water, essence of roses. Maji ma-
Wangwa, n. (nyangwa), waste, waridi, rose-water diluted for toilette
bare ground, sandy wilderness. In Z. and bathing. (Ar.)
usually jangwa. *Warithi, n. (ma-), an heir. (Ar.
"Wanja, n. W. wa manga, anti- Cf. mrithi, which is usual, and urithi.)
mony, used as a paint on the face. *Wasaa, n. room, space, freedom,
(Cf. dalia, manjano.) means, leisure, opportunity. Kuwa
Wano, n. (ma-), wooden part, or na wasaa, to be comfortable, satis-
shaft, of a spear, arrow, harpoon, fied. Leo sina wasaa, I cannot do it
&c. — also called uti. to-day. (Ar. Cf. syn. nafasi.)
Wao, (1) pron. of 3 Pers. Plur., Washa, v. Cs. of waka, i. e. cause
they. Denotes only persons, and to blaze, set fire to, light, &c. See
sometimes animals. (2) a. pronom. Waka.
their, —
form of -ao (which see), *Washerati, n. and Trash-. See
agreeing with D 1 (S, P), D 2 (S), Asherati. (Ar.)
D 4 (S). *Wasi, n. See Uasi. (Ar.)
Wapi, (1) pron. interrog. of place, *Wasia, v. also Wosia, Usia,
where and colloquially, how? how direct, commission, order, charge,
?

so? often shortened to -api and -pi, and esp. of a solemn, serious, weighty
and appended to verbs, e. g. wendapi, command, e. g. last directions on
where are you going? (2) a form of starting for a journey, a religious
-pi, which, — agreeing with D 1 (P). exhortation, giving the terms of a
Wapo, (nyapo), for Uapo,
(1) n. will. Thus of a dying father, Enyi
from apa, i.e. an oath, swearing; (2) zvaanangu, ntawausia, my children,
used in connexion with -moja, e. g. I will say my last words to you.
mmojawapo, every (any) one of them Wakamwosia, skika ve?na watoto,
(3) a g^^ see "Capo (cf. pa, v.). and they solemnly charged him, be
(4) verb-form, ' they are here,' i. e. wa, a good guardian of the children.
pfx. of 3 Pers. Plur. and -po, for hapo. Alimwasia nyumba, he gave his
*Waraka, n. (nyaraka), a written house in charge to him. Ps. wasi-
 .

wash 429 WE
wa. Nt. wasika. Ap. wasi-lia, Waya, n.(nyaya), an earthen dish
-/iwa, e.g. give orders about (to, &c). for baking, &c. (Cf. c/iungu.)
Cs. wasi-sha, -shwa. Rp. wasiatia. Wayawaya, v. sway to and fro,
— n. {ma-), solemn charge, warning, stagger, totter, reel, e. g. of a tree
exhortation, commission, last will loaded with fruit, a man from weak-
and testament. Ndio wasia wangn, ness. (Cf. lewa, sita,yonga,yumba,
that is my final charge, my will. ning" inia.)
Rejea w., revoke a will. (Ar. Cf. Wayo, n. (nyayo), and Uayo, (1)
follg., and agiza.) sole of the foot, footprint, track of
* Wasii, n. (ma-), executor, trustee, the feet; (2) trace, vestige, symptom.
i.e. one named in a will, or nomi- Waza, suppose, fancy, ima-
v. (1)
nated as such. (Ar. Cf. prec.) gine ; (2) reflect, ponder,
meditate,
*Wasili, reach, come to,
v. arrive, have in mind. Muungu is used
W.
get to destination, be delivered to, of religious meditation, deep inward
be received. Often followed by kwa, heart- searching (but this perh. from
katika, hatta, and locative in -ni} another Ar. word wazaa). Ps.
e. g. w. kwake ( Ungnja, hatti ny- wazwa. Nt. wazika. Ap. waz-ia,
umba, kisiwani), arrive at his house -iwa. Cs. waz-isha, -ishwa. Rp.
(at Zanzibar, at the house, at an wazana. (Cf. fikiri, kumbuka,
island). Ap. wa- thani, ma, azimu.)
Ps. wasiliwa.
sil-ia, -iwa. Waraka wako umeni- *Wazi, a. sometimes -wazi, (1)
wasilia, your letter has reached me. open, bare, uncovered (of clear pas-
Cs. wasilisha, e.g. cause to arrive, sage, free access, room inside, open
send. Hence wasil-ishia, -ishiwa. book, &c). Mlango w., open door,
— n. receipt, income, credit side of njia w., open road. Panalia wazi,
cash account. Cheti cha wasili, a it sounds hollow. Kitwa kiwazi,
receipt. Also as adj. waraka wako bare head. (2) fig. open, manifest,
wasili, your note (is) duly received. evident, clear, plain. (Ar. Cf.
(Ar. tt.jika,fiata.) thahiri, baini.)
*Wasiwasi, n. doubt, perplexity, Wazimu, (no plur., treated as
n.
scruple, infatuation, disquiet, esp. — D 4), madness, mania, hallucina-
when caused by moral want of balance, tion, desperation, infatuation. E. g.
weakness of character, yielding to yuna w., he is mad. Fanya w.,
temptation. Fanya w., feel irreso- go mad. Tia w., make mad.
lute. Tia w., confuse the mind Mwenyi w., a madman. Also as a.
(conscience). Ukamwingia wasiwasi yu w., he is mad. (Cf. mzimu,
yule kijana, the young man was kuzimu, zimwe. Perh. wazimu is
filled with waverings. (Ar. Cf. merely plur. of mzimu, i. e. (1) spirits,
syn. mashaka, and dist. waziwazi.) demons (2) possession by demons,
;

*Wastani, middling, average,

a. madness.)
moderate, between extremes. (Ar. *Waziri, n. (ma-), chief officer of
Cf. kadiri, kiasi.) state under a sovereign, prime min-
*Watha, n. also Witha, and ister,secretary of state. (Ar. Cf.
TJwitha (which see). (Ar.) shehe, diwafii.)
Watu, of mtu (which
n. {i) plur. Wazo, n. (m&-), thought, fancy,
see) ;(2) also IT watu, fenugreek. idea, notion, supposition, reflection.
Wavu, n. (nyavu) a net, used — Yu katika mawazo yake, he is ab-
for fish, game, &c. W. wa kulalia, stracted, buried in thought, absent-
a hammock. Ta?ida w., tega w., set minded. (Cf. waza, and syn. thana,
—
a net, to catch something. (Cf. nia, Jikara.)
jar(fa j'uya kim ia
,
,
) -we, a. form of wake, his, hers,
 ;;; ;

WEA 430 "WENDELEO

its, —
affixed to nouns. E.g. mwana- e. g. wekeana ?nasharti, bet together
we, his son, wenziwe, his companions. w. heshima, exchange compliments.
(So -le, -ze, -ye.) Cs. {wek-esha, -eza, seldom used).
Wea, v. be good for, be in favour Rp. wekana. (Cf. weko, kiweko.)
of, be useful to, turn out well for, be Wekevu, n. for welekevu, expert-
the property of. (Perh. an Ap. ness, quickness, aptness, intelligence,
form from -wa, be, like wia. See inclination. (Cf. elekea, -ekevu.)
-wa.) Weko, n. (ma-), (1) place for

of 2 Pers. Sing.
—
"Wee, for wewe, weye, you, pron. putting something, stand, magazine,
base, pedestal; (2) piece of metal
Weka, v. one of the very common used for welding. Tia weko, weld.
Swahili words, with the general sense (Cf. weka, kiweko.)
* place, put, set,' and a great variety Wekua, v. break up, dig up,
of applications, e. g. (i) put in posi- break in pieces, e.g. of a roof of
tion, set fast, place firm, e. g. w. uli- concrete, or wall, with crowbars, &c.
mwengu, of the creation w. msinji,
; (Perh. Rv. of weka, or variant of
lay a firm foundation ; kikao tuli- ekua, tekua (which see).)
chomweka, the position in which we Wekundu, n. red colour, redness,
placed him. (2) put down, put off, ruddiness. (See -ekundu. The
e. g. w. selaha, lay down weapons only Bantu word in Swahili for a
w. mztgo, put down a load. (3) put special modification of white light
aside, put away, put off, delay, ad- (weupe), —weusi denoting its ab-
journ. W. hukumu, defer judgement sence.)
w. chakula, put away food (till *Wele, n. and Weli, for Uele
wanted), (or else, put ready, pre- (which see). (Ar.)
pare). (4) reserve, store up, keep Welekeo, n. (1) directing, point-
for use, e. g. w. akiba, lay up in store ing, put in the way for ; (2) direction,
w. kisinda, preserve virginity; w. admonition, warning, hint. (Cf.
wakfu, devote to religious purposes. elekea, and follg., and syn. onyo.)
(5) make place for, accommodate, Welekevu, n. and Wekevu (which
have room for, contain, make com- see). (Cf. prec.)
fortable, e.g. ulimwengu wote hau- Weleko, See Mbeleko.
n.
mweki, the world is too small for Wema, goodness, excellence (of
n.
him nyumba hainiweki, my house
; any kind). Wema hauozi, goodness
is not comfortable. (6) entrust, never goes bad. (See -ema, for the
deposit, commit, allot, assign, e. g. meaning generally. Cf. uzuri, and
w. fetha (heshima, amana), give contr. ubayu, uovu.)
money (honour, a pledge). (7) set Wembamba, slender-
n. thinness,
firm, establish, appoint, found, in- ness, fineness, smallness, delicacy (of
w. mfalme, set a chief on
stitute, e.g. fabric, texture, grain, &c). (Cf.
his throne w. desturi, establish a
; -embamba, and bambo, ubambo.)
custom w. sheria, lay down a law
; Wembe, n. {nyembe, — but wembe
kiwekwacho na Muungu, mwana- D
appears also to be treated as 6,
damu hawezi kukiondoa, what is cf. dim. kiwembe, perh. as dist. from
appointed by God, man cannot annul. kijembe, Jembe), a razor. (Dist.
(8) a common form of pious wish or also mwembe, embe.)
blessing is, Muungu akuweke, may Wendeleo, Wendelezo, and -i,
God keep you, bless you, make you Wenendo, n. going on (back), pro-
comfortable, —
sometimes with heri ceeding, progress, movement, and' fig.
added. Ps. wekwa. Nt. wekeka. conduct, behaviour, way of living.
Ap. wek-ea, -ewa. Hence wekeana, (Cf. enenda, endelea, &c.)
 WENDO 431 WIKA
Wendo, n. and Wenzo address often combined with ee, ewe !
(iiyendd)
(nyenzo), way of going, means of you there! I say, you! (See Mimi.;
—
moving, hence used of mechanical Wewedeka, v. also Weweteka,
methods and instruments, lever, gear, Wewezeka, Ewedeka, talk in sleep
tackle, roller. E. g. mti hauendi ilia or in delirium, or unconsciously.
kwa nyenzo, a log will not move Cs. xvewede-sha, -shwa. (Cf. payic-
without something to move it. (Cf. ka, payo.)
enda, mwendo.) Weza, v. (1) be able, be strong,
Wengi, a plur. of -ingi, i. e. wa- be capable, have strength. The
ingi, many, —
agreeing with I (P). D forms of the Negative Present, siwezi,
(See -ingi.) huwezi, &c., are regularly used in the
Wengu, n. ( ) or Wengo, the
spleen.
— special sense, I
&c), — so much
am sick,
so that hawezi is
(ill, unwell,

Wenu, form of -enu, yours

a. sometimes treated as an adj. and even
(plur.), — agreeing with D I (S, P), a verb-root (see Hawezi.andgenerally
D 2 (S), D 4 (S). (See -enu.) under Jambo). (2)havepo\ver(means,
Wenzi, n. (i) u-enzi, frier dliness, liberty, opportunity, occasion, option,
friendly association, companionship ; &c), with an Infinitive following, or
(2) plur. of mwenzi, friend, compan- like the auxiliary can
with a verb-
' '

ion ; (3) sometimes for Jenzi (which root form without the Infinitive sign
see), rule, power, sovereignty. ku. E. g. aweza kwenda, he has
Werevu, n. cunning, shrewdness, strength to walk, leave to go, &c.
cleverness, sagacity, worldly wisdom. Naweza mpiga, I can beat him. (3)
(Cf. -erevu, and welekevu, akili, get mastery over, control, overcome,
ujanja.) defeat, subdue, —
with nouns. Simba
Weu, n. (ityeu), open clearing, alimweza, the lion overcame him.
space for planting, place free from (4) be able to bear, endure, tolerate.
trees, forest glade. (Cf. follg., and E. g. ukali wako hawauwezi, they
-eupe, weupe.) cannot endure your tyranny. Rf.
Weuo, n. making white, purifying, jiweza, have power over oneself (or,
cleaning. (Cf. eua, and prec.) in oneself, of oneself), have self-
Weupe, n. (1) whiteness, white or control, be temperate. Hence jiwt-
grey colour, a light tint in general; zea, be able to get on (to manage,
(2) light as opp. to shade or dark- to do for oneself), be independent.
ness, brightness, and esp. of the dawn, Ps. wezwa. Nt. wezeka, e. g. be
morning light (3) cleanness (4) practicable, possible, permissible,
— and also commonly weze-
; ;

fig. purity, innocence, integrity, guile - probable,

lessness. (Cf. -eupe, eua, weu, and kana, e. g. hawezekani, he is in-
contr. weusi.) vincible, beyond all control. Ap.
Weusi, n. (1) blackness, black or wez-ea, -ewa. Cs. weze-sha, -shwa,
dark colour, a dark tint in general e. g. empower, give authority (leave,
(e.g. of blue, green, red) ; (2) strength, means, &c.) to. Rp.
absence of light, darkness, gloom, wezana. (Cf. uwezo, mweza,
obscurity (not used of dirt, as such, hawezi?)
or in fig. (moral) sense, like weupe ; Wia, Wiar^a, v. Ap. and Rp. of
cf. -eusi) ; (3) form of a. -eusi, agree- — wa, v. (which see).
ing with D 1 (P). Wifi, n. (— ), brother-in-law, sister-
Wevi, n. and Wezi,
plur. of in-law. (Cf. shemeji, mwamua.)
mwivi, mwizi, thief, e. wa-ivi. i. Wika, v. —
crow, of a cock. Jogoo
Wewe, pron. of 2 Pers. Sing., you, lawika, the cock crows. Likiwika
—also weye, wee. In sudden emphatic lisiwike kutakticha, whether the cock
 WILAYA 432 WONGO
crows or not, the morning will come. gum (gundi), lampblack (moshi wa
(See Jogoo.) taa), and rice burnt black and pow-
*Wilaya, n. district, province, dered. Kidau cha wino, inkstand,
region, country. (Ar. Cf. Ulaya.) inkpot.
-wili, a. of second numeral (mbili "Wishwa, n. ( , or ? nishwa), —
with D 4 (P), D
6 (P)), two, a pair chaff, husks, bran. (Cf. ku?nvi,
of, together, both. Marra mbili, kapi.)
twice. Upanga mkali kuwili, a two- *Witha, n. See Uwitha. (Ar.)
edged sword. Walikwenda wawili, "Wito, n. (1) infection, infectious-
they went together, or, they both ness, contagion. Pat a (pewd) w.,
went. Viwili, in a twofold way, be infected. Ndui ina wito sana,
doubly. (Cf. pili and marudufu, small-pox is very infectious (cf.

and perh. mwili.) ambukizd). (2) casting, of metal in a—

Wima, n. being perpendicular, mould ; also, a mould for casting (cf.
uprightness, standing up. (Cf. ila and subu) ; (3) ? calling, call, from
ima, uima, and simama!) ita (cf.mwito).
"Wimbi, n. (i) (via-), a wave. *"Wituri, a. odd, — of numbers, i. e.
Hapana maji, yasiyo mawimbi, no not even. (Ar.)
water without waves. Killa chombo "Wivu, n. and Uivu (which see),
na wimbile, every vessel has its also Uwivu.
waves to meet. Mawimbi ya kiiu- -wivu, a. (1) and -ivu, jealous,
irfka, breakers. Mawimbi ya ?nkoba, envious (cf. prec.) ; (2) and most
rolling waves, swell, rollers. Maw. commonly -bivu, ripe, mature, fully
ya kwelea, storm waves, high seas. developed. (Cf. iva, and n. -ovu,

(2) ( —) and Uwimbi, a small kind

of grain (Eleusine coracana, Sacl.).

-bovu.)
"Wiwa, v. Ap. Ps. of -wa, v. (See
(Cf. kiwimbi, and perh. vimba.) -wa.)
Winda, v. hunt, of game in — "Wo, relative form of -0, — agreeing
general, animals and birds, large and with D 1 (S, P), D 2 (S), D 4 (S),
small, with weapons, nets, dogs, &c. but used separately only in a few
Also of pursuing a flying foe, or phrases, e. g. wo wote, any and all,
fugitive. (Cf. mzvinda, uwindaji, all of whatsoever kind. (See -o.)
windo, and perh. uwinda, and syn. -wo, (1) relative as prec. used as
saka.) pfx. in verbs, and generally shortened
"Winda, n. See Uwinda. to -0, e. walio wema, persons
g. watte
"Windo, n. (1) act (art, manner, who good
are (2) contracted for
;

&c.) of hunting ; (2) {ma-), what is wako, and subjoined to nouns, e.g.
got by hunting, booty, prey. (Cf. mwanawo, or mwanao, your son.
winda.) "Woga, n. (no plur.), cowardice,
"Wingi, n. much (of), plenty, fear, timidity, shyness. W. mkubwa,
abundance, a quantity, a great deal. panic. Fanya (ona, ingiwa na) w.,
(Cf. -ingi, tingi, and syn. tele, mari- be frightened. (Cf. oga, -oga,
thawa, neema, baraka.) ogopa, ogofya, and syn. hofu.)
"Wingu, n. (ma-), cloud, or what — "Wogofya, n. (ny ogofya, and ma-),
resembles a cloud. W. la mvua,
causing fear, threat, menace, terrify-
rain cloud. W. wa moshi, cloud of ing. (Cf. oga, ogopa, and syn.
smoke. Thick cloud is called nene, kamia.)
zito, kubwa, jeusi. Wingu la giza, Wokovu, n. (no plur.), deliver-
a dark cloud. (Cf. uwingtt,giibari, ance, rescue, escape, salvation. (Cf.
mavunde.) okoa, mwokozi, and ponya.)
*Wino, n. ink, — made in Z. of a "Wongo, n. See Uongo, -ongo.
 — ;

WONYESHO 433 YAKINI

"Wonyesho, n. a showing, exhibit- 5 (P),D6(S),e.g. withD2(P),D
ing, demonstrating, pointing out, &c. nyumba ya mgeni, the stranger's
Also wonyeshano, showing to each house makasha ya mbau, boxes of ;

other, mutual display, general exhibi- wood. But ya is also the form used
tion. (Cf. onya, onyesha, ona, most generally for '
of,' whenever the
onyo.) reference is indefinite and general.
*Worari, n. See Urari. E.g. ya nini? why? ya kwamba,
*Worotha, n. See TJrotha. that (conj.) ya kuwa,
because, in
;

"Wote, a. form of -ote, all,the that. Thus

used continually
it is
whole, — agreeing with D i (S, P), with adverbs to form prepositional
D 2 (S), D4 Twende ivote, let
(S). phrases, e. g. mbali ya, far from
us all go, — but
commonly of two karibu ya, near to mbele ya, in front ;

persons, i. e. let us both go, or, go of; juu ya, above chini ya, below, ;

together. Twende sote, let us all go. &c. (See -a.)

Wote wdwili, both of them, both Ya, verb-form, they are, agree- —
together. (Cf. -ote, sote.) ing with D 5 (P), e. g. makasha ya
Woto, n. verbal of ota, v. (which tayari, the boxes are ready, — and so
see) in all three senses, viz. (i) grow- in place
?ii, or Present Tense of of
ing (as a vegetable), vegetation (2) wa, v. (which see).
;

dreaming ; (3) getting warm, basking, Ya-, pfx. corresponding to 5 D

warmth. (Rarely found, perh. from (P) in (1) pronom. adj., e.g. makasha
this ambiguity of meaning.) yangu, for ya-angu, my boxes; (2)
verbs, as Plur. Pfx.,. subjective and
objective, e.g. magari yanayachukua
Y. makasha, the carts are carrying the
boxes, or yayachtikua, i. e. ya-a-ya
Y represents (1) the same sound as chukua, ya coalescing with a follow- —
in English, i.e. a consonantal i, ing, as in yangu, above.
which in Swahili usually takes the *Yaani, conj. and Yani, that is,
place of i before another vowel, but that is to say, I mean. (Ar., lit.
often is not distinguishable from a it meant.') '

slurred z. (2) It is used in a few *Yabisi, a. and Yabis, dry, hard,

words to represent a very light and solid, e. g.udongoyabisi,hard parched ,

evanescent sound of i between certain earth. Baridi yabis, rheumatism.

consonants, e. g. it is often written in Sometimes also as v., be hard, dry,
—
kunywa, to drink, from the root with Nt. yabisika, in same sense, and
nya, and kinywa, from the same. Cs. yabisi-sha, -shwa, make hard.
Y, as a formative, when inserted (Ar. Cf. syn. -gumu, -shupafu.')
before the final -a of some verbs, gives Yai, n. {mayai, mat), an egg.
them a Cs. meaning, e. g. pona, get Taga yai, lay an egg. Atamia
well, pony a, make well, cure, save, mayai, sit on eggs. Y. bichi, fresh,
ogopa, fear, ogofya, make afraid. uncooked egg. Y. viza (bovu), bad
Y-, as a pfx., is the form taken by (set, rotten) egg. Y. la kutokosa,
i, before a vowel, and thus appears boiled egg. Y. la kukanga, fried, .

(1) in pronom. adj. agreeing with poached egg.

D 2 (P), D 4 (S), e.g. miti yangu, Yake, a. pronom. form of -ake,
my trees ; nywnba
yao, their house. his, her, its, — agreeing with D 2 (P),

(2) in verbs, e. g. miti yaota, the D 5 (P), D6 (S).

trees grow; nywnba yalijengwa, the *Yakini, n. truth, certainty, as-
house was built. surance, proof. E. g. najuay. ya ha-
Ya, prep, form of -a, of, —agreeing bari, I know the truth of the story.

F f
 —

YAKUTIA 434 YO
Kwa yakini, really and truly. Wa- theirs, — agreeing with D 2 (P), D 5
taka yakini gani ? What sort of (P), D 6 (S). (See -ao.)
proof do you want ? —
a. true, *Yasi, n. a yellow powder from
certain, proved. —
v. be sure, but — India used as a cosmetic. (Cf.
usually as follg. (Ar. Cf. follg., dalia, liwa.)
and syn. kakika, kweli, thabiti!) *Yasmini, n. a cultivated kind of
*Yakinia, v. resolve on, make up jasmine. (Ar. Cf. afu.)
one's mind to, be sure of, determine *Yatima, n. a fatherless, mother-
on. Ps. yakiniwa. Nt. yakinika. less, or orphan child. (Ar.)
Cs. yakini-sha, -shwa, e. g. make Yavuyavu, n. a butcher's term
sure , establish , confirm , prove ( Ar.
. for 'lungs,' or '
lights,' of an animal.
Cf. prec, and syn. hakikia, thabuti- (Cf. pafu,pumu.)
s/m.) *Yaya, n. (ma-), a
nurse, an ayah.
Yako, (i) a. pronom. form of -ako, Killa mtoto nay ay a wake, every child
your, yours, — agreeing with D
2 (P), with its nurse. (Hind. Cf. mlezi.)
D 5 (P), D 6 (S) (see -ako) (2) ;
Yaya, a. a peculiar form of the
verb-form, they are (there), —
prefix adj. hay a (htiyu), used only in com-
ya, agreeing with D 5 (P), and ko, bination with it for emphasis, i. e.
for huko. yaya haya, just these very things.
*Yakuti, n. ruby, sapphire. (Ar. So lili hili, zizi hizi, vivi hivi, &c,
Cf. johari.) and ci.yayo.
—
Yale, a. form of -le, agreeing with Yayi, n. (ma-), egg. (See Yai.)
D 5 (P), i. e. those. (See Yule.) Yayo, a. the relative correspond-
Yambo, sometimes used for jam- ing to yaya, a. (which see), e. g.yayo
bo (which see). hayo, like papo hapo, kuko huko.
*Yamini, n. (1) right hand (2) Ye, (1) relative pfx. of 1, 2, and
;

solemn oath, sworn with right hand 3 Sing, referring to persons and ani-
on the Coran. Thus take a solemn mals.
' Only used independently in
oath' istwaa (piga, apa, -ld)yamini. such phrases as ye yote, any one what-
E. g. naweza kula yamini ya kuwa ever, whosoever (2) used in com-
—
;

simjui, I can solemnly swear that I bination with verbs, often heard as
do not know him. (Ar. Cf. B. syn. -e only. E. g. aliye mrefu, he who is
mkono wa kulia, right hand.) tall. Anayempenda, he who loves him.
*Yamkini, and Yumkini, n. pos- (3) shortened for yake (which see),
sibility, e. g. kwa yamkini, possibly, and subjoined to nouns and adverbs,
probably. — a. possible, likely, e. g. nyumbaye, his house ; baadaye,
probable, e.g. mambo haya ni yakini, after that. (4) used in one form of
these things are possible. —
v. be the personal pronouns, except wao,
possible (likely, probable). Itaya- i. e. miye for mimi, siye for sisi, &c.
mkini kulia burre wee ? Will it be Yee, for yeye, pron. of 3 Pers.
likely you should cry for nothing ? Sing., he, she, him, her.
Haiyamkini, it is out of the question. Yetu, Yenyewe, Yenyi, Yenu,
(In Ar. an impersonal form of the forms of -etu, -enyewe, -enyi, -enu, —
verb, but in Swahili treated as above, agreeing with 2 (P), 5 (P), D D
like yakini. Cf. weza, wezekana.) 6 (S). D
Yangu, a. pronom. form of -angu, Yeyuka, v. melt, become fluid,
—
my, mine, agreeing with D
2 (P), melt away. Cs. yeyu-sha, -shiva,
D 5 (P), D 6 (S). (See -angu.) cause to melt, melt.
.

*Yani, conj. See Yaani. Also Yo, (1) relative pfx., which,
for ya nini ? why ? agreeing with 2 (P), 5 (P), D D
Yao, a. pronom. form of -ao, their, 6 (S), D —
only used independently in
 , —

YOGA 435 ZA
yo yote, whatever, any whatsoever ; a balanced pole, a drunken or feeble
(2) subjoined to verbs; (3) shortened person. (CI. yonga, waya, sita,lewa.)
for yako, your, yours (see -ako), sub- *Yumkini, v. See Yamkiui.
joined to nouns, e.g. babayo, your (Ar.)
father (4) cf. form of huyu, used in
;
Yumo, verb-form, he (she) is
reference, i. e. huyo, that person within. (Cf. yuko, yu, -vio.)
yonder. (Cf. huyu.) Yuna, verb-form, he (she) has.

TJyoga.)
—
Yoga, n. ( ), mushroom. (See (Cf. yu, and na.)
Yungi yungi, n. (via-), name of
Yonga, sway, bow or bend
v. a blue water-lily (Nyviphaea stel-
down, stagger under a weight or lata, Sack).
from feebleness, &c. E. g. of a tree Yupi, a. form of -pi (which see),
in a wind, vessel at sea, a man weak agreeing with D
1 (S), which person?

from illness, &c. Cs. yong-eska, Also for yu wapi, where is he (she) ?
-eshwa. (Cf. wayawaya, yuviba, (Ci.yu, -pi.)
sita, lew a.) Yupo, verb-form, he (she) is here.
Yote, a. form of -ote, all, the (Cf. yuko, yu, -po.)
whole (which see), agreeing with—
D 2 (P), D
5 (P), 6 (S). D Some- Z.
times also used with D
1 (S), e.g. Z represents the same sound as in
ye yote , whatever person aivaye yote
;
,
English. But the sounds of s and z
whoever he is. are not always easily distinguished in
Yowe, n. a loud cry, shout, Swahili pronunciation, and words of
scream, esp. of a call for help. Arabic origin involving the letters
Piga y., give a shout. (Cf. kelele, Thai, Thad, Thah, if not written with
kilio, kiyowe.) Th, or Dh, are (by some) written
Yu, verb-form, he (she) is, used — with Z.
as 3 Pers. Sing. Pres. Tense of -wa, like Hence words not found under Z
other pers. pfxs. (see -wa, Ni), the — may be looked for under S, or Th.
simple a never being used thus in- Zi before a vowel in verbs
Z-, for
dependently, but only in combination and pronom. adjs. See Zi.
with a verb. -za, and -sha, are the terminations
Yu-, (1) pfx. of 3 Pers. Sing., re- characteristic of the Cs. form of
ferring to a person, but in Z. not Swahili verbs —
a form which under
usual in verb-forms, and only before the general idea of cause includes a
the Pres. Tense sign of monosyllabic wide variety of meanings and appli-
verbs, e. g. yiiwa (for yu-a-wa), he cations, some of which may be dis-
is ;
yuna, he has
yuaja, he comes.
;
tinguished as :

(It is, however, regularly used in the A. Causal, and so (1) Causal
ioWg.yuko (-po, -md), yule,yupi.) simply, cause to (be or act) have done, ,

Yuko, verb-form, he (she) is (there) get done. (2) Covipulsive, force

— agreeing with D 1 (S), i.e.yu, pers. to ( ).
—
(3) Perviissive, allow to
pfx. of 3 Pers. Sing., and -ko, for ( ).
—
(4) Attractive, induce to ( ). —
hnko. So yupo, yumo. (Cf. prec.) (5) Passive, let (be or act). (6)
—
Yule, a. form of -le, that, agreeing Consequential^ lead to, end in, have
with D
1 (S). The other forms of the result of, be followed by being
-le are wale, tile, He, lile, kile, vile, (acting, doing).
yale, zile, pale, kule, vile. (Cf. B. Intensive, or emphatic, i. e. be
huyu, -le, and prec.) emphatically, act energetically, in
Yumba, Yumba-yumba, v. sway, the way indicated by any verb.
wave to and fro, stagger, e. g. of trees, (For illustrations cf. any verb,
f 2
 ;

ZA 436 ZAMU
which is treated at length in its than, beside.
de- Also as n. zaidi ya
rivative forms toa, penda, ona,funga, kabari, further news. (Ar. Cf.
s
Sec.) zidi, ziada, and juu. )
Za, prep, form of -a (which see),
of,— agreeing with D D
—
*Zaka, n. ( ), tithe, offering for
6 (P). religious purposes. (Ar.)
4 (P),
Zaa, v. denotes vital reproduction, Zake, Zako, a. forms of -ake, and
—
the whole process or a stage in it, of -ako, their, theirs, your, yours, agree-
male or female, in any region of ing with D 4 (P), D6 (P).
—
organic life, thus, bear offspring, Zama, v. (1) sink in a fluid, be
produce fruit, procreate, beget, have immersed, dive, be drowned, sink
children, be pregnant, give birth to, be down ; (2) fig. plunge (into), be
delivered (of a child), be fruitful (pro- immersed (in), be overwhelmed (by).
ductive, fertile). Ps. zawa, but com- E. g. kilimia kikizama kwa jua,
monly zaliwa. Nt.zalika. Ap.za-lia, huzuka kwa mvua, if the Pleiades set
-liwa, -lika, e. g. bear to (for, by, at), in fine weather, they will rise in wet.
&c. Obs. amezaliwa mtoto, may mean Zama katika elimu {katika bahari
(1) a child has been born, or (2) he ya maneno), plunge into study (into
had a child born to him. Also zalia the sea of words, e. g. a dictionary).
is sometimes used passively, e. g. Ap. zam-ia, -iwa, e.g. z. lulu, dive,
alizalia hapa, he was born here, he for pearls. Cs. zam-isha, -ishwa,
is a native of this place ( — as if for e.g. engage as a diver, contract for
zaliwid). Hence zali-sha, -shwa, e. g. diving, immerse, drown. (Cf.
cause to bear (to be born), beget, mzamo, mzamiski, and syn. iota,
fertilize, make productive, assist at didimia, zizimia.)
childbirth, act as midwife, &c. Also *Zamani, n. (1) time, period, e.g.
zaliana, breed together, multiply. zamani moja, at a certain time, once
(Cf. zao, mzao, mzazi, uzazi, kizazi, upon a time, —commonly in the plural.
-zazi, kizalia, mzalia, ? mzee.) Zamani kizi, modern times. Z. za
—
*Zabadi, n. civet, musk, substance kale, ancient times. (2) ancient times,
taken from the civet cat, and used in antiquity, the past. Thus often as
perfumes. (Ar. Cf. zabidi, ngawa, adv. long ago, in ancient days, some
fungo.) time past, and sometimes of the
—
*Zabibu, n. ( ), a grape, a raisin, future, e. g. mwanamke huyu atakaa
fruit of the vine mzabibu. (Ar.) hapa zamani, this woman will remain
*Zabidi, v. take civet from the here for an (indefinite) time. (Ar. Cf.
civet cat. (Ar. Cf. zabadi.) wakati, and dist. samani, t/iamani.)
*Zabuni, v. buy, bid at an auction. *Zambarau, n. fruit of a large
The common word is nunua. (Ar. tree (inzambarau) , like a damson or
Dist. sabuni, soap.) sloe.

—
*Zaburi, n. ( ), a psalm, the
psalter. (Ar.
—
*Zamu, n. ( ), (1) properly, a
Dist. sabwi, six hours' spell of work, or watching
patience.) (2) period of duty or occupation, e. g.
*Zafarani, n. saffron. (Ar.) sentry, patrol, turn, innings. Z.ya-
Zagaa, v. shine, glisten, give light, ngu, it is my turn. Ngoja z.,.kaa z.,
illuminate. Ps. zagawa, e. g. be keti z. shika (linda) z., are all phrases
,

lighted up, be enlightened. Cs. used for keeping watch. Cf. waliwe-
zaga-za, -zwa, cause to shine. (Cf. kana zamu, wangine kulala, wa-
more usual ngaa, mulika.) ngine na macho, they arranged watches
*Zaidi, adv. and Zayidi, more, in amongst themselves, some to sleep,
addition, in a greater degree or quan- some to remain awake. (Ar. Cf.
tity. Zaidi ya (kuliko, kama), more kesha, Undo.)
 ZANGEFtTftI 437 ZIDI
*Zangefuri, n. and Zingefuri, forms of -enu, enyewe, enyi, etu
cinnabar, anatta. (Ar.) (which see),— agreeing with D 4 (P),
Zangu, a. form of -angu (which D 6 (P).
see), —
my, mine, agreeing with D 4 —
Zeze, n. ( ), a native stringed
(P), D 6 (P). Obs. naenda zangu, I am instrument, a kind of banjo, or guitar,
going away. (See Enda.) common in Z.
*Zani, n. same as uzini, uzinzi Zi, verb-form, they are, — agreeing
(which see). (Ar.) with D4(P), D6
(P), and taking
Zao, (1) n. (ma-), produce,
fruit, the place of ni, or Pres. Tense Indie.
product, offspring. (Cf. zaa, mzao, of -wa. Aynmba hizizi nzuri, these
uzao, kizao.) (2) a. form of -ao, houses are good.
their, theirs, —
agreeing with 4 (P), D Zi- (often Z- before a vowel) is a
D 6 (P). (See -ao.) formative (1) of pronominal adjec-
—
Zarambo, n. ( ), a spirit distilled
from palm-wine, tembo (Str.)..
tives, the pfx. agreeing with D 4
D
6 (P)
(P), (2) of verbs, both
;

*Zari, n. gold thread, (braid, bro- subjective and objective pfxs. agree-
cade). (? Hind.) ing with the above and (3) obs. zizi
;

*Zatiti, v. put in order, put ready, hizi, these very, just these.
arrange, prepare, provide. (Ar. Ziara, n. (ma-), tomb, burying-
for the common words tengeneza, place. (Ar. place of visiting.' Cf.
'

andaa, weka tayari.) and kaburi.)

siara-, ztiru,
*Zawadi, n. present, gift, keep- *Ziba, v. fill up a hole (crevice,
sake, — generally of what is given on opening of any sort), and so, stop —
some special or extraordinary oc- up, cork, plug, dam, fill up, close,
casion, e.g. starting on or returning shut off. Ps. zibwa. Nt. zib-ika,
—
from a journey, not of regular cus- -ikana. Ap. zib-ia, -izua, e. g. fill
tomary, expected gifts, i.e. fees, re- up with (for, in, &c). Cs. zib-isha,
ward for service, prize, &c. (Ar. -ishzva. Rp. zibana, e. g. stop
For presents generally see bak- itself up, get stopped up, get filled
s his hi.) up. (Cf. zibo, kizibo, zibua, and
*Zawaridi, n. (ma-), Java spar- cf. fukia, funga, katiza.)
—
row, a bird which swarms in the Zibo, n. (ma-), a stopper, plug,
stone houses of Z. cork, — anything that stops an open-
*Zayidi, adv. See Zaidi. (Ar.) ing. Dim. kizibo. (Cf. prec.)
-ze, (1) subjoined to a noun, short- Zibua, v. Rv. of ziba, unclose an
ened form for zake, his, hers, its; opening, remove a stopper or plug,
(2) at the end of a verb is often the uncork, clear a hole, open (a closed
subjunct. mood of Cs. form in -za. aperture). Ps. zibuliiua. Nt.
*Zebakh, n. andZibakh, mercury, zibuka. Ap. zibu-lia, -lima. (Cf.
quicksilver. (Ar.) prec. and ziba.)
-zee, aged, old,
a. of animate— *Zidi, v. (1)become more (greater,
objects, —
others being described as larger, taller, longer, &c), grow, in-
-a zamani, -a kale, -a siku nyingi, crease, multiply, be more and more.
•kukuu. (Cf. mzee, kizee, and With an following, it is
Infinitive
perh. zaa.~) very often best translated by the adv.
Zema, an occasional form of
a.
'
more or a comparative adverb, e. g.
'

-£?2/tf„good, for njema, agreeing with anazidi kwenda, he is going faster

D Azidi kujua, he knows
4 (P), D 6 (P). (Cf. this form (or, further).
in the pronom. adjs. and -ote, -enyi, better. Habari inazidi kuenca, the
-enyezve.) news goes on spreading. Zidi also
Zenu, Zenyewe, Zenyi, Zetu, a. means 'do more,' e. g. nizidi kum/
 —

ZIDI 438 ZIMTTA

Shall I beat him more ? (2) be the Zile, a. form of -le, those, agree- —
greater, have more power (than), ing with D 4 (P), D 6 (P). (Cf.
outstrip, gain on (in a race), be su- yule.)
perior (to), e.g. hao ndio watuzidio Zima, v. repress, quench, quell,
sisi, these are the persons who sur- extinguish, put out, rub out, in —
pass us (are better than us, more literal and fig. sense, but with a
powerful, &c). Maseyidi wa Un- limited range of application (the
guja waliwazidi, the sultans of Zan- idea being not merely to restrain,
zibar were their overlords. (3) get put a check on (zuia), nor to stop
the better of, beat, overwhelm, reduce access, close an avenue or passage
to straits. E. g. kazi imenizidi sana, (ziba), nor bring to an end, destroy
the work is quite too much for me. (komesha), but rather stop by active
This meaning is more clearly shown repression, turning back on itself),
in the Ps. (see below). Ps. zidiwa, e. g. e. g. of fire,
moto, put out a fire,
z.

(1) be surpassed ; (2) very often 'be the commonest use, but also of light,
beaten by, be put in difficulties by,' z. taa, and also z. nuru ; of thirst

and so, be in want of help about. (hunger), z. kiu (njaa) of life and
;

E.g. nimezidiwa, I am in a difficulty, consciousness, z. roho. Zima maji

or with fetha, I am in want of cash, ya chumvi, change salt water into
or with karat asi, I have run short. of fresh. Also fig. z. vita (ugomvi,
paper. Tulizidiwa na mvua, we hasira), quell a war (quarrel, anger).
were quite beaten by the rain. Ap. Also as a Nt. moto umezima, the fire
zid-ia, -iwa, e.g. increase to, grow has gone out. Amezima roho, the
upon. Sometimes Act. Muungu awa- man has fainted, become unconscious.
zidie afya, may God grant them con- Ps. zimwa. Nt. zimika. Ap.
tinuance of health. Cs. zidi-sha, zim-ia, -iwa, e. g. put off for (by, in,
-shwa. Hence zidi-shia, -shiwa. with, &c), and (like zima) zimia
(Ar. Cf. zaidi, ziada, zidisho, ma- roho, faint. Ap. zim-ilia, -iliwa,
zidio, and syn. B. ongeza.) -iliza, -ilizwa, e. g. zi??iiliza maneno,
*Zidi, n. Zidio (ma-),
(ma-), rub out (written) words. Cs.
Zidisho (ma-), used occasionally
all zim-isha, -ishwa, and intens. (Cf.
for increase, addition, augmentation,
' kuzimu, mzi?nu, wazimu, zimwe,
supplement/ &c. (Ar. Cf. prec.) zimua, zizimia, but dist. follg. -zima,
*Zifuri, n. See Sifuri. (Ar.) uzinia, &c.)
Zika, v. bury, assist in burying, -zima, a. whole, sound, unhurt,
attend a funeral. Ps. zikwa. entire, alive, perfect, in good health,
Ap. zik-ia, -iwa, e. g. bury in (with, full grown, adult. E. g. mimi
for, &c).Cs. zisha, zishwa, ar- mzima, I am quite well. Watu
range (manage, provide, attend to or wazima, grown-up people. Fungu
at) a funeral. (Cf. mzishi, ma- zima, a whole heap. Samaki mzima,
zishi, maziko.) a live fish. (See Uzima, and cf.
*Ziki, n. kanzu ya ziki, a kanzu syn. hai, kamili, -pevu, and dist.
with a collar, i. e. with white stitch- zima, v.)
ing round the neck, but not the usual Zimua, Rv. of zima, with simi-
v.
red-silk embroidered stitching. (Cf. lar meaning, i.e. quench, repress,
kanzu, and Ar. zik, collar.) take the life or strength out of, e. g.
*Zikri, n. used in Z. of a kind of taking away heat, sharpness, bit-
of religious dance, like those of the ter newness (of liquids) by
taste,
dervishes, with violent jerking of the dilution or otherwise. Z. maji ya
body and ejaculations of Allah hai. moto, cool hot water. Z. tembo,
(Ar. 'meditation.') reduce the strength of fermented
 — ;

ZIMWE 439 ZIWA

palm-wine. Ps. zimuliwa. Nt. turn round,roll round, coil, wind.
zimuka. Ap. zimu-lia, -liwa. Ps. zingwa, e. g. (1) be turned
(Cf. zima,and note.) round; (2) be surrounded. Ap.
Zimwe, n. and Zimwi, (i) of zing-ia, -iwa, and zing-ilia, -iliiva,
a quenched, extinguished, lifelesse. g. unywcle nkamzingilia mgini, the
condition, e. g. makaa ya zimwe, hair turned itself round his leg.
dead coals, burnt-out embers. Also Hence zing-iliza, -ilizwa. Cs.
as a. makaa mazimwe. (2) con- zing-iza, -izwa. Rp. zingana.
dition of a hollow cocoanut, without (Cf. mzinga,mzingo,kizingo, zingua,
milk or kernel (cf. kizimbwe),e. g. nazi mazingile, mazingiwa, and perh.
ina zimwe, the cocoanut has nothing msinj'i, i. e. mzingi, ttsingizi, also —
inside. But perh. conn, with (3) prob. -zungu, zungiia, zunguka, &c.)
a spirit, fairy, demon, ogre, goblin, Zingamana, v. be of a turning,
ghost (cf. jini, pepo, &c). (Cf. twisting, curving kind, e. g. of a wind-
zima, and note mzima, wazimu, ing river. (St. Rp. of prec.)
—
kuzimu, &c, all of the spirit world.) Zingizi, n. See Usingizi.
Zindika, v. (1) inaugurate, dedi- Zingo, n. (ma-), turn, twist, bend,
cate, initiate, hold an opening cere- revolution. (Cf. mzingo, and
mony (for), formally open (2) pro- zinga. )
;

tect with a charm or spell. E. g. Zingua, v. Rv. of zinga, (1) un-

z. nyumba, have a house-warming. roll, unfold, unwrap (2) relieve of a ;

Z. mtoto, put a child under a charm, spell or charm, disenchant, exorcize,

for protection. (Cf. follg., and rid of some evil thing. Ps. zingu-
syn. tabartiki, and zinduka in same liwa. Ap. zingu-lia, -liwa. (Cf.
sense, see note.) zindua, and follg.)
Zindiko, n. (ma-), (1) opening Zinguo, n. (ma-), exorcism, re-
ceremony, inauguration, &c. (2) moval;
of a spell, riddance of an evil.
protecting charm, spell. (Cf. (Cf. prec.)
prec, and zinduko.) *Zini, v. commit adultery, forni-
Zindua, v. (1) open, declare cation, — of man or woman. Ps.
open, (2) wake
inaugurate; up zinwa (of woman). Ap. zin-ia,
suddenly from sleep, wake with a -iwa. Cs. zin-isha, -ishwa. n. —
start (cf. zusha, vumbushd). Ps. See TJzini. (Ar. Cf. uzini, zani,
zindiiliwa. Nt. zinduka, i.e. -zinifu, uzinzi, and syn. Jisidi.)
(1) be opened, inaugurated, &c. Zio, n. (ma-), post used in making
(2) wake with a start, be sud- the sides of a native hut, commonly—
—
denly wakened, and (in this sense, nguzo in Z. (Cf. uzio.)
commonly) zindukana. (Cf. zi- Zira, v. hate, have a grudge against,
ndika, in same sense, inaugurate, but in Z. chukia is usual.
the same ceremony being at once -zito, a. (1) heavy, in weight; —
an opening for special uses, and clos- (2) difficult, hard to deal with, of
ing for all other uses. And obs. seem- serious import; (3) severe, harsh,
ing identity with sindika (shindika), hard to bear; (4) depressed,
sad,
sindua, sinduka, shinduka.) weighed down, heavy; (5) slow,
Zinga, v. used both act. and neut. sluggish, clumsy, awkward; (6) of
of movement in a circle, i. e. (1) fluids, thick; (7) pregnant. (Cf.
go round, go about ; (2) stroll, walk, uzito, and -gumu, and contr. rahisi,
loiter, waver, gad about, —
with a bad •efiesi.)
object or none ; (3) turn about, waver, Ziwa, n. (ma-), (1) lake, pond,
change, chop, veer, e. g. of winds, marsh, pool; (2) breast (of female),
change of mind, &c. ; (4) act., milk-producing gland; (3) in plur.
 —

ZIZI 440 ZUA

maziwa, milk, —human or animal. zol-esha, -es/iwa } -eza, -ezwa.
'
(Dist.
(Cf. ziziwa.) follg.)
Zizi, n. {ma-), (i) enclosure for Zoea, v. become used (to), get
keeping animals, yard, fold, pen,accustomed (to), be familiar (with),
stable, cowshed. Dim. kizizi (cf. he inured (to), practise. Ps. zoe-
ua, banda, kitalu, and dist. sizi, lewa. Nt. zoeka, become a custom-
msizi). (2) adj. form in the phrase ary thing. Ap. zoe-lea, -lewa, -leka.
zizi hizi, these very, just these, — agree- Hence Cs. zoe-za, -zwa,
zoeleza.
ing with D
4 (P), 6 (P). D (Cf. e.g. jizoeza, train oneself (to), prac-
papa hapa> yaya haya, &c. See tise. (Cf. follg., and mazoea, ma-
Zi.) zoezi.)
Zizima, and Sisima, become
v. Zoea, Zoezo,n. See Mazoea, &c.
* cool, get cold, settle down, sink down, -zoefu, -zoelefu, a. accustomed
be calm and quiet, be composed. (to), practised (in), familiar (with),
Maji ya kuzizi?7ia, very cold water, inured (to), e. g. mzoefu wa kazi, an
still water.Chakula kimezizima, the experienced workman. (Cf. prec.)
food is quite cold (zi. pod). Ap. *Zomari, n.. a musical wind-in-
zizim-ia,-iwa has a somewhat special-
}
strument, a kind of pipe, flageolet,
ized meaning, sink quite away, dis- clarionet, —
of wood, with a harsh,
appear completely (as a stone in piercing tone, —
like a bagpipe. (Cf.
water) e. g. alizizimia, hakuzukiajuu
, ngoma, for other instruments.)
tena, he sank, and did not come to —
Zomea, v. groan, as an expression
the surface again. Cs. zizim-isha, of grief, and also of contempt, esp.
-ishtva, e.g. (1) cause to be very cold; with an object expressed. E. g. zuali-
(2) cause to wholly disappear. (Cf. mzomea sana, they groaned at him
follg. and zima, also perh. sisimizi, contemptuously. (Cf. follg., and
and didimia, sink, disappear.) tigua,fyonya.)
-zizima, a. cold, still, stagnant, Zomeo, n. (ma-), groan, of sor- —
e. g. of water. (Cf. follg.) row or disapproval. (Cf. prec.)
Zizimua, v. Rv. of zizima, (1) Zote, a. form oi-ote, all, agreeing—
lose the chill, get warm; (2) be with D
4 (P), D
6 (P).
stirred, excited, irritated. Nt. zi- Zua, v. (1) make a hole in, per-
zimuka, e. g. of nervous irritation. forate, bore through, make a way
Zo, (1) relat. particle, used inde- into, e. g. zua Hindu, bore a hole
pendently only in such phrases as (cf. tobod), panya amezua kiwambaza,
zo zote, all whatever, whatsoever, a rat has made a hole through the
agreeing with D
4 (P), 6 (P)D (2) ;
wall (2) bring to light, bring to the
;

relat. pfx. agreeing with the above, surface, hunt out (3) fig. go into
;

in combination with verbs (3) short-

;
ened for zako, subjoined to nouns,
e.g. babazo, your ancestors (4) cf. ;
hizo, form of hizi used in reference,
those yonder, these mentioned.
Zoa, v. sweep up, gather up, gather
in heaps, pick up, e.g. z. taka (kifusi),
gather up mess (rubbish) for removal.
Ps. zolewa. Nt. zo-leka, e.g. chungu
hazizoleki, ants cannot be swept up
and carried away. Ap. zo-lea, -lewa,
e. g.fagio (jamvi) la kuzolea, a brush
(mat) for clearing up rubbish. Cs.
thoroughly, find out all about, get
information, suck the brains (of), e.g.
nimemzua habari zote, I have got
out of him all he has to tell; (4)
invent, discover, compose, fabricate,
tell lies, make innovations, reform,
revolutionize. Ps. zttliwa, e.g. mti
tiliozuliwa Hindu, a tree with a hole
bored in it. Nt. zuka has a special
sense, emerge (as from a hole, out
of water, &c), suddenly appear, start
up, bob up (cf. mzuka, uzukd).
Ap. zu-lia, -liwa, e.g. invent for
 ;

ZTJIA 441 ZTTNGUSHO

(against, with, &c), e.g. tell lies nguka, (1) go round, be round, sur-
about, make false excuses for, &c. round, revolve; (2) go round and
Cs. zu-sha, -shwa,e. g. cause to emerge, round, wind about, be round about,
bring to light, invent, reform, pro- wander about, stroll, make rounds
duce as new.
and syn. vumbua.
(Cf. mzttshi, uzushi,
'

Zua should perh.

—
(2) loiter, waste time, delay, and so,
be tiresome. E. g. njia inazunguka,
be treated as two words, (i) bore, it is a circuitous path, the road winds

(2) make new, invent, &c. about. Boma lauzunguka mji, the
Zuia, v. (1) cause to stop, keep stockade surrounds the village. Tu-
back, restrain, hinder, obstruct, pre- meagana, usizunguke, we have said
vent, balk, withhold, detain, cause good-bye, so do not wait about.
to stop, delay (2) resist a tendency, Hence zunguk-ia, -iwa. In Ps.
—
;

and so, support, prop, strengthen. zungukwa, be surrounded, be gone

Ps. zuiwa. Nt. ztdka. Ap. zu- round, have*on all sides, wear round
ilia, -iliwa, -ilika. Cs. zui-za, the body. Cs. zungti-sha, -shwa,
-zwa. Rp. zuiana. (Cf. zuio, (1) put round, surround with, cam-
zuizo, -zuifti, and syn. si; ramisha, round ; (2) cause to go round, make
komesha, pinga, ziba, and note.) revolve, turn round and round, roll
-zuifu, a. or -zuivu (same with round; (3) keep waiting, waste the
D 4 (P), D 5 (S), D6), hindering, time of, cause needless annoyance.
obstructing, delaying, &c. (Cf. E. g. mahali palipozungushwa boma,
follg., and zuia.) a place with a palisade round it.
Zuio, n. (ma-), and Zuizo (ma-), Wakajizungusha uwanj'ani, and they
hindrance, obstruction, difficulty, sup- formed a ring in the open space.
port, prop, stopper. (Cf. prec.) Zungusha maneno, equivocate, use
—
Zulia, n. ( , and ma-), a carpet.
Zuli-zuli, n. dizziness, giddiness,
vague indirect statements. Ztmgusha
kichwa, turn the head round. Hence
confusion. (Cf. zulu.) zungush-ia, -iwa, e.g. a/imzungushia
Zulu, v. be giddy (dizzy), be con- nguo, he put clothes on him. Also
fused in mind (bewildered, crazy). zungushana, e.g. tusizungushane do ,

So also in Ps. zuliwa, be flurried, be let us keep each other waiting.

not
confused, be driven mad. Nt. zzi-
(Cf. -zungu, mzunguko, zunguko,
lika, e. g. kichwa chamzulika, akiona zungusho, and see Zinga.)
shimo, his head gets dizzy if he sees Zunguko, n. (ma-), going round,
a precipice. Also Ps. amezulikwa revolving, turning round, winding
—
na kichwa, he has lost his head, about, whirling, and so of objects
turned giddy. Ap. zul-ia, -iwa. revolving, &c, e.g. whirlpool, eddy,
Qs.zul-isha, -iskwa, e. g. kileo kimem- roundabout speech, windings of a
zulisha kichwa, drink has driven river, circuit, way round, wandering,
him crazy, turned his head. (Cf. &c. (Cf. follg.)
mazua, and cf. kichaa, kizungu- Zungumza, v. amuse oneself, con-
zungu.) verse, play, engage in any pastime.
*Zumaridi, n. emerald. (Ar.) Also act. amuse, play with, and so
Zumbua, v. See Vumbua. Jizungumza, amuse oneself, occupy
-zungu, a. (1) strange, wonderful, one's time. *. (Cf. follg., and chcza,
clever, extraordinary; (2) European. ongea.)
(Cf. mzungu, uzungu, and perh. Zungumzo, n. (ma-), amusement,
follg.) pastime, game, conversation, gossip,
Zungua, v. cause to go round, talk. (Cf. prec. and maongezi,
turn round, put round, but usually mchezo.)
zungusha (see below). Nt. zu- Zungusho, n. (ma-), causing to
 ZURI 442 ZTJZTJA
go round, &c, and also like zunguko. visit? Kuzuri, very much (lit. it
E. g. mazungusho ya shamba, fencing was nice, pleasant). (Cf. uzuri,
materials, a fence of a plantation. and -ema, contr. -baya.)
(Cf. zungua.) *Zuru, v. visit, go on a visit to.
*Zuri, n. and Azur, perjury, false Esp. of visiting a grave, e.g. zuru
swearing. Also as v. commit perjury, kaburi, or katika kaburi. Enda ku-
swear falsely. (Ar.) zuru, go to pay a call. Ps. zuriwa.
-zuri, a. {nzuri with D 4 (P), Nt. zurika. Ap. zur-ia, -iwa, e. g.
D 6, zuri with D 5 (S)), beautiful, atanizuria katika kabui'i ya mhime,
good, pleasing, fine, i. e. pleasing in he will pay a visit for me to the
any way or degree to any sense or tomb of the apostle, i. e. Mahomet.
taste,— usually of externals, and so ( Ar. visit, go on pilgrimage to.' Cf.
,
'

translatable in a great variety of ziara, and syn. amkia.)

ways, to suit the particular sense Zuruzuka, v. perh. a variant of
affected, and the degree in which it zungtika, go about, wander about,
was affected. But also of what com- loiter aimlessly, waste time, idle.
mends itself to the moral sense, not -zuzu, a. foolish, simple, inex-
as good in itself so much
as conso- perienced. (Cf. mzuzu, uzuzu, and
nant with that sense, i. e. agreeable, and
follg., syn. mjinga.')
amiable, worthy, excellent, praise- Zuzua, v. make a fool of, play
worthy. Thus mtu mzuri, a hand- tricks on, puzzle a newcomer, treat
some person, or, an excellent, pleasant as a simpleton. Nt. zuzzika, e. g.
person. Kulikwwaje huko uliko- be puzzled, be at a loss, not to know
kwenda? How did you like your what to do. (Cf. prec.)

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