Part 1 of 1 -

52.0 Points

Question 1 of 53

1.0 Points

The three principal branches of philosophy are ...

A. axiology, cosmology, and logic.

B. metaphysics, axiology, and epistemology.

C. epistemology, teleology, and metaphysics.

D. epistemology, metaphysics, and ontology.

Answer Key: B

Question 2 of 53

1.0 Points

The word "philosophy" is derived from two Greek words meaning ...

A. the love of wisdom

B. the theory of value

C. the way of knowledge

D. being a law unto oneself

Answer Key: A

Question 3 of 53

1.0 Points

What, according to Socrates, is wisdom (sophia)?

A. the capacity to participate in the affairs of the world and to bring about a life more closely attuned to
reason.

B. intellectual capacity.

C. the knowledge that one is not wise.

D. knowledge of the fundamental causes of things.

Answer Key: C

Question 4 of 53

1.0 Points

Aristotle understands wisdom as ...

A. practical experience.

B. the knowledge most worth having.

C. the capacity to find out what one does not yet know.

D. the realization of one's failure to be wise.

Answer Key: B

Question 5 of 53

1.0 Points

From the "dream argument," Descartes infers that ...

A. logical and mathematical truths are subject to doubt.

B. logical and mathematical truths are absolutely certain.

C. one can never be deceived regarding the real existence of the physical objects which one perceives.

D. the existence of physical objects cannot be indubitably certain.

Answer Key: D

Question 6 of 53

1.0 Points

Which of the following is correct?

A. Rationalism holds that truth consists in the correspondence between facts and propositions;
whereas, empiricism holds that truth consists in the coherence of one's beliefs.

B. Rationalism holds that at least some human knowledge is not derived from the experience of the
senses; whereas, empiricism holds that all human knowledge is derived from the experience of the
senses.
 C. This is a trick question. As a matter of fact, "rationalism" and "empiricism" are simply alternative
labels for the very same philosophical position.

D. Rationalism holds that at least some human knowledge is derived from the experience of the senses;
whereas, empiricism holds that no human knowledge is derived from the experience of the senses.

Answer Key: B

Question 7 of 53

1.0 Points

Through the application of his method, Descartes intends ...

A. to eliminate all non-philosophical beliefs.

B. to examine and elucidate all of his false beliefs.

C. to ensure that all of his philosophical beliefs are true.

D. to come to a clear understanding of the notion of "truth."

Answer Key: C

Question 8 of 53

1.0 Points

The function of Descartes' "evil genius" (malin génie) is ...

A. to grant the deepest wishes of the wisest of philosophers.

B. to punish the foolish through the infliction of unbearable intellectual torment.

C. to cast doubt upon even the most evident and apparently certain of our beliefs.

D. to warn philosophers of the intellectual dangers of intelligence itself.

Answer Key: C

Question 9 of 53

1.0 Points

Which of the following does Berkeley regard as true?

A. The qualities of objects experienced through the senses do not inhere in a substance.
B. Ideas are representations of external objects.

C. Secondary qualities are mind-dependent, but primary qualities are not.

D. There exist objects which are in no way conceived by the mind.

Answer Key: A

Question 10 of 53

1.0 Points

According to Berkeley, objects that we experience through the senses ...

A. have objective primary qualities independent of secondary qualities.

B. are "bundles" of sensible qualities.

C. are composed of matter and form.

D. are composed of qualities inhering in a substance.

Answer Key: B

Question 11 of 53

1.0 Points

Which of the following propositions is a premise of Berkeley's argument against substance?

A. All qualities are extended.

B. Anything which is conceivable is a substance.

C. All the qualities of an object inhere in its substance.

D. Everything which inheres in a substance is perceived.

Answer Key: C

Question 12 of 53

1.0 Points

For Berkeley ...

A. God constantly perceives everything in the world.

B. though God creates the world, God is not aware of the world.

C. there is no God.

D. God exists, but God in no way intervenes in the world.

Answer Key: A

Question 13 of 53

1.0 Points

Berkeley believes that, were there no God, the moment we stopped perceiving something, it would
simply vanish into nothing.

True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 14 of 53

1.0 Points

Descartes believes that it is impossible to doubt the existence of anything whatsoever.

True

False

Answer Key: False

Question 15 of 53

1.0 Points

Descartes believes that the senses never deceive us.

True

False

Answer Key: False

Question 16 of 53

1.0 Points

Descartes' device of the "evil genius" serves to cast doubt upon even the most evident and apparently
certain of our beliefs.
True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 17 of 53

1.0 Points

For Descartes, human existence is, in fact, a dream from which we may never awaken.

True

False

Answer Key: False

Question 18 of 53

1.0 Points

From the "dream argument," Descartes infers that one can never be deceived regarding the real
existence of the physical objects which one perceives.

True

False
Answer Key: False

Question 19 of 53

1.0 Points

Idealism holds that reality depends upon the mind for its existence and could not exist independently of
the mind.

True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 20 of 53

0.0 Points

The idealist responds to Descartes' dream argument by claiming that any experience qualitatively
indistinguishable from a veridical experience is itself veridical.

True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 21 of 53

1.0 Points

Descartes claims that logical, geometrical and mathematical truths are absolutely certain.

True

False

Answer Key: False

Question 22 of 53

1.0 Points

In applying the method of systematic doubt, Descartes seeks a body of truths that cannot even be
imagined to be false.

True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 23 of 53

1.0 Points
The method of systematic doubt is motivated by Descartes' desire to establish his philosophy upon a
foundation which is impervious to doubt.

True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 24 of 53

1.0 Points

Descartes believes that all of our knowledge is derived from the experience of the senses.

True

False

Answer Key: False

Question 25 of 53

1.0 Points

For Berkeley, anything that exists can (at least in principle) be perceived.
True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 26 of 53

1.0 Points

A realist believes that ...

A. everything depends upon the mind for its existence.

B. there may exist things which no one has ever perceived.

C. one should be practical and hard-headed in dealing with others.

D. there is no difference between reality and appearance.

Answer Key: B

Question 27 of 53

1.0 Points

Empiricism is the view that all knowledge comes from the senses.
True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 28 of 53

1.0 Points

For Descartes, the essential character of the mind is ...

A. its thinking.

B. its capacity to imagine alternative possible situations.

C. its perception of physical objects.

D. the infinite scope of its will.

Answer Key: A
Question 29 of 53

1.0 Points

For Descartes ...

A. mind is eternal, and body is temporal.

B. mind is known with certainty, and body is not known with certainty.

C. mind is real, and body is unreal.

D. mind is substantial, and body is insubstantial.

Answer Key: B

Question 30 of 53

1.0 Points

According to Descartes ...

A. both mind and body are essential properties of some "neutral" substance.

B. the mind does not exist.

C. the body is a substance and the mind is one of its properties.

D. mind and body are distinct substances.

Answer Key: D

Question 31 of 53

1.0 Points

The essence of something is ...

A. its intrinsic value.

B. the reason for its existence.

C. its very being.

D. what it is.
Answer Key: D

Question 32 of 53

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"Cartesian dualism" refers to the distinction between ...

A. appearance and reality.

B. the will and the intellect.

C. mind and body.

D. God and creation.

Answer Key: C

Question 33 of 53

1.0 Points

The theories of occasionalism and pre-established harmony agree in maintaining that ...

A. the series of mental events and the series of bodily events are perfectly "synchronized" with each
other.
B. bodily events cause mental events.

C. everything whatsoever has both a mental and a physical aspect.

D. there is no direct causal interaction between mind and body.

Answer Key: D

Question 34 of 53

1.0 Points

The theories of interactionism and epiphenomenalism agree in maintaining that ...

A. bodily events cause mental events.

B. the series of mental events and the series of bodily events are perfectly "synchronized" with each
other.

C. everything whatsoever has both a mental and a physical aspect.

D. there is no causal interaction between mind and body.

Answer Key: A

Question 35 of 53

1.0 Points

According to Descartes' argument from the idea of God, the idea of an infinitely perfect being ...

A. utterly unintelligible.

B. purely fictional.

C. derived from experience.

D. innate.

Answer Key: D

Question 36 of 53

1.0 Points

Descartes' version of the ontological argument assumes that ...

A. existence is an element in the very concept of God.

B. either God necessarily exists or necessarily fails to exist.

C. It is better to exist in reality than merely in the mind.

D. God is that than which no greater can be conceived.

Answer Key: A

Question 37 of 53

1.0 Points

A serious criticism of the Cartesian version of the ontological argument is that ...

A. the assumption that God is of unsurpassable greatness entails that God cannot be conceived.

B. the assumption that extra-mental existence is preferable to intra-mental existence entails that
existence is a property.
 C. the characterization of God as a "necessary being" would make God insensitive to the suffering of
contingent beings.

D. from the assumption that existence belongs to the very concept of God we cannot infer that that
concept is instantiated.

Answer Key: D

Question 38 of 53

1.0 Points

According to Descartes ...

A. existence is to the essence of God as a button collection is to a particular button within it.

B. existence is to the essence of God as four-sidedness is to the essence of the triangle.

C. existence is to the essence of God as the redness of an apple is to the material "stuff" of which the
apple is made.

D. existence is to the essence of God as three-sidedness is to the essence of the triangle.

Answer Key: D

Question 39 of 53

1.0 Points

For the coherence theory, truth is the correspondence of a proposition with its associated fact.

True

False

Answer Key: False

Question 40 of 53

1.0 Points

The coherence theory defines truth as ...

A. the "cash value" of believing a given proposition.

B. the ideal of perfect loyalty whereby each member of a group is "true to" each other member, thus
creating a highly cohesive social structure.

C. the state in which a given proposition accurately represents the fact which it purports to express.
 D. the characteristic of a set or system of propositions whereby no proposition in that set or system
contradicts any other such proposition.

Answer Key: D

Question 41 of 53

1.0 Points

In the standard definition, knowledge is defined as true, justified belief.

True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 42 of 53

1.0 Points

The pragmatic theory regards truth as "efficiency" in realizing a certain goal.

True

False
Answer Key: True

Question 43 of 53

1.0 Points

In Locke’s view, secondary qualities are the physical qualities of the thing in itself, independent of us
(such as mass, weight, velocity, etc.).

True

False

Answer Key: False

Question 44 of 53

1.0 Points

Hume believes that, underlying all of our mental phenomena, there lies an unchanging "self" which can
be directly perceived in introspection.

True

False

Answer Key: False

Question 45 of 53
1.0 Points

For Locke, memory, and not physical continuity, is the criterion of personal identity across time.

True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 46 of 53

1.0 Points

Relativism is the view that ...

A. all views are equally true.

B. no views are true.

C. views are neither true nor false.

D. there is one and only one true view.

Answer Key: A

Question 47 of 53

1.0 Points

For Hume ...

A. all ideas are derived from impressions.

B. all ideas are derived from perceptions.

C. all perceptions are derived from ideas.

D. all impressions are derived from ideas.

Answer Key: A

Question 48 of 53

1.0 Points

In Hume's analysis, the idea of "cause" is derived from the constant conjunction of similar events.

True
False

Answer Key: True

Question 49 of 53

1.0 Points

For Hume, the impression from which we derive the idea of self is the "blur" created by the rapid
succession of perceptions.

True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 50 of 53

1.0 Points

Locke claims that he has a clear idea of what a substance is.

True

False

Answer Key: False

Question 51 of 53

1.0 Points

For Locke, we only perceive the representation of an object within the mind and never perceive the
external object itself.

True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 52 of 53

1.0 Points

Berkeley challenges the realist to produce an example of something with which we have no mental
relationship.

True

False

Answer Key: True

Question 53 of 53

1.0 Points
All of Berkeley's arguments from perceptual relativity assume that an object cannot have contradictory
qualities and conclude that its qualities must therefore be in the mind.

True

False

Answer Key: True