MODERN PUBLIC SCHOOL ,SHALIMAR BAGH

PHYSICAL EDUCATION XII

CH-7 PHYSIOLOGY AND INJURIES IN SPORTS

PHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS DETERMINING STRENGTH

1. Hypertrophy of Muscle

Enlargement of muscles and increase in the diameter of the muscles due to

strenuous exercises like weight training help in the development of more strength .

Those who have large muscles can produce more strength

2. Morphology of Muscles.

Those who have fast twitch muscles can produce good explosive strength as such

muscles can contract faster and can produce strength with great speed although

they can maintained this level of strength for short duration of time ,For example

such type of person can become sprinters or are good enough to perform any short

duration activity which is the requirement of all the sports and games .

3. Co-ordination of Muscle.

During any physical activity coordination between agonist and antagonist group of

muscles determine a lot in producing strength. When agonist muscles contract

simultaneously antagonist muscles relaxes which help in production of more force.

4. Intensity of nerve impulse.

If rate of motor impulses or nerve impulsion is high will increase the rate of

contraction in working muscles hence development of speed and faster contraction

in muscles automatically help in development of strength this determined by our

neuromuscular coordination.

5. Energy stores .

Greater the phosphogen store in our body will help in production of energy as

breakdown of phosphogen will produce more energy which is utilised by our

working muscles in order to fulfil the demand of excess of energy during activity

required by them.

EFFECTS OF EXERCISES ON MUSCULAR SYSTEM.

1. BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES.

Oxidation rate of fats and glucose becomes faster , number of mitochondria and,

content will increased which help in formation of red blood cells and capillaries and

efficient blood circulation will take place

2. CHANGE IN SHAPE AND SIZE OF MUSCLES.

Regular and continuous training enlarge our muscles and help in the development of

strength of muscles. Muscles gets tone up, extra fats accumulated in adipose tissues

is utilised during aerobics activities in production of energy and checking obesity.

3. DELAYS FATIGUE.

Regular exercise control the formation and accumulation of carbon di oxide, lactic

acid and phosphate and also help us to develop tolerance against fatigue hence we

can say exercise develop endurance in our muscles and give them resistance

against fatigue.

4. DEVELOP RESISTANCE AGAINST SOFT TISSUE INJURIES.

Exercise develop flexibility in muscles, ligaments ,joints and tendons and develop

resistance against strenuous exercise and saves us against soft tissue injuries like

sprain, strain and contusion.

5. IMPROVE BODY POSTURE

Persons who does exercise regularly do not suffer from postural deformities as

muscles becomes strong and flexible. Most of the postural deformities are caused due

to the weak muscles.