All Semester Physics Course Contents

Curriculum
of
Bachelor of Science in Physics
(BS Physics)
(Approved in February 2018)
Department of Physics
Faculty of Natural, Social & Management Sciences and Humanities
Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology,
Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan

Table of Contents
1 Curriculum Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3 Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Tech-
nology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1 Introduction of the University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2 Vision of the University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.3 Mission of the University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.4 Core Values of the University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Department of Physics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.1 Introduction of the Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.2 Vision of the Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.3 Mission of the Department . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6 Program Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1 Introduction of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.2 Exact Title of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.3 Short Title of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.4 Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) . . . . . . . 9
6.5 Program Learning Outcomes(PLOs) . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.6 Scope of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.7 Entry/Admission Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.8 Duration of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6.9 Semester Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.10 Workload Policy per Semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.11 Project Evaluation Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.12 Degree Completion Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7 List of Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8 Content of Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1
1 Curriculum Committee
The committee consists of the following faculty members for developing the
curriculum:
1. Dr. Muhammad Hashim, Assistant Professor, Chair
2. Dr. Naseeb Ahmad, Assistant Professor, Member
3. Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Shah, Assistant Professor, Member
4. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Khan, Assistant Professor, Member/Secretary
2
2 Preface
Physics provides the basis for making, interpreting, and extending observa-
tions relating to the behavior and structure of matter. It is fundamental to
the study of all sciences and has a key role to play in generating and sup-
porting new technologies. The main purpose of Bachelor of Science (BS) in
Physics is an introduction discussing the structure of the Physics Suite and
the motivation for educational reform introductory to higher level physics,
which leads to successful careers. In the present age it is an acknowledged
fact that to face and handle the upcoming challenges, higher education has
become essential for the progress of any nation. So this program will pro-
vide a strong foundation to the learners to have a good expertise in the
domain of physics. The courses of the program have been designed keeping
in view international standards, national requirements and the guidelines of
Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. Likewise, the curriculum
is designed to prepare the scholars to demonstrate the skills including profi-
ciency in communication through writing and oral presentation, appropriate
to graduate level physics.
Dr. Muhammad Hashim

Head
Department of Physics
KFUEIT, RYK
3
3 Acknowledgement
All praises and thanks to Almighty Allah, the most Gracious and Compas-
sionate, who enabled us to accomplish this task. We are deeply indebted to
the help and support of Engr. Prof. Dr. Athar Mahboob, Vice Chancel-
lor of KFUEIT to start the program. We pay our special thanks to Prof.
Dr. Munir Ahmad, Dean, whose attention and cooperation greatly helped
us to complete this task. The contribution of the faculty members is also
appreciated.
4
4 Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & In-
formation Technology
4.1 Introduction of the University
Rahim Yar Khan is located in Southern Punjab and is a major city and
industrial hub of the region. This region of Punjab is bordered by areas of
Balochistan and Sindh that are similarly deprived in terms of facilities for
higher education in science and technology. For decades, students from the
region had to travel hundreds of miles to get engineering and technology ed-
ucation, even when they would be lucky enough to get admission in the face
of high competition on limited seats in the public sector engineering uni-
versities of the province. Hence, establishment of an Engineering University
in the city had been a long standing demand of the people of Rahim Yar
Khan. Successive governments, over the years, had been making unfulfilled
promises on this account. However, Mian Muhammad Shahbaz Sharif, Chief
Minister of Punjab, being a man of action and not mere words, fulfilled this
demand on 22 April 2014 by laying the foundation of Khwaja Fareed Univer-
sity of Engineering & Information Technology on Abu Dhabi Road, Rahim
Yar Khan. The Government of Punjab started out by providing 220 Acres
of land and thereafter through the involvement of the University of Engi-
neering & Technology, Lahore under the dynamic leadership of its then Vice
Chancellor, Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Akram Khan, a PC-1 of Rs. 3,847 Million
was prepared and subsequently approved by the Planning & Development
Board, Punjab for the Establishment of Khwaja Fareed University of Engi-
neering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan. M/S NESPAK, the
world renowned National Engineering Services of Pakistan, were engaged as
Consultants for Engineering Design and Resident Engineering Supervision
for Campus Construction.
The Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technol-
ogy, Rahim Yar Khan Act (Act XVI of 2014) was passed by the Punjab
Assembly on 29 May 2014 to provide the legal foundations and framework
for the University. Classes were started in four rented classrooms of the Gov-
ernment College of Technology, Shehbazpur Road, some 18 kms away from
the actual campus site, on 1st September 2014 for a batch of 200 students
equally divided in the four disciplines of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical
Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology.
The first duly appointed Vice Chancellor of the University, Engr. Prof.
Dr. Athar Mahboob, Tamgha-e-Imtiaz joined on 2nd September 2015. Dr.
Athar Mahboob started fast track execution of the project by shifting classes
5
and administration to University’s own campus on Abu Dhabi Road in few
renovated buildings. After due process of following PPRA regulations sev-
eral contracts for construction of buildings and infrastructure development
have already been awarded. Remaining contracts are in the process of award
before the end of the year. First meeting of the duly constituted Syndicate
of the University was held on 19 May 2016. The Syndicate while approving
the Annual Report and the Budget Estimates expressed its satisfaction over
the rapid progress being made for establishment of the University under the
able leadership of its Vice Chancellor, Engr. Prof. Dr. Athar Mahboob and
assured of its fullest cooperation and support.
4.2 Vision of the University

To become a world-class University of Engineering and Information Tech-
nology that contributes significantly to the development of regional economy
and uplift of local community by becoming a power house of intellectual and
human capital generation.
4.3 Mission of the University

To offer an undergraduate educational experience in Engineering and Infor-
mation Technology where:
• the curriculum and its delivery conform to international standards.
• the students are provided an environment for wholesome development

of their personality and creative potential.
• the graduates produced are most sought after by prospective employ-

ers.
To conduct research to solve local and national problems requiring Engi-

neering or Information Technology based solutions.
6
4.4 Core Values of the University
K= Knowledge-able
F= Faithful
U= Useful
E= Eco-friendly
I= Innovative
T= Tolerant
7
5 Department of Physics
5.1 Introduction of the Department
The Department of Physics at Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering
and Information Technology is privileged to have highly enriched faculty.
All the faculty members are PhDs with more than half having international
qualification and experience. Faculty has extended research output in the
field of condensed matter physics, plasma physics, thin films, nanoscience,
theoretical physics and optical physics etc. Several projects are being carried
out by faculty members. The department has well-equipped laboratories,
advanced learning facilities, technology equipped class rooms and lecture
theatres. The courses offered by the department of physics constitute an
integrated series of basic and advanced physics topics in different fields of
physics. Students are encouraged and motivated to take part in co-curricular
and extracurricular activities like industrial tours, science exhibitions, sports
gala etc. Graduates, who will spend their formative years here, will go on
to make extraordinary contributions to science as researchers, teachers, and
intellectual leaders.
5.2 Vision of the Department

To become the center of excellence in physics by providing high quality ed-
ucation through rigorous course work, cutting-edge interdisciplinary, multi-
disciplinary research and collaboration with industry.
5.3 Mission of the Department

The department seeks to deliver the best scientific methods in teaching the
principles of physics theoretically and experimentally, and focuses on to
maintain the level of education, scientific research and community service.
8
6 Program Description
6.1 Introduction of the Program
All aspects of the physical universe are of interest to the physicist, who seeks
to understand not only the smallest forms of matter and the rich phenomena
present in our everyday lives but also the universe itself. Physics has played
a critical role in human technological and intellectual development during
the twentieth century. The tools of the physicist-observation, imagination,
model building, prediction, and deduction will enable physics to continue
this influence into the new century. The Bachelor of Science in Physics
degree program is designed to provide the skills, understanding, and outlook
required for participation in the discovery of new knowledge about nature.
6.2 Exact Title of the Program

Bachelor of Science in Physics
6.3 Short Title of the Program

BS Physics
6.4 Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

• PEO-1: To impart students with a conceptual understanding of the
fundamental principles of physics, natural laws and their interpreta-
tion, as well as mathematical formulation of the physical phenomena
in nature,
• PEO-2: Graduates will demonstrate proficiency in critical thinking

and analysis as they relate to physics problems inall the area of physics
to used it in industry as will.
• PEO-3: Introduce to students the spirit of working in individual or

interactive groups with the necessary requirements of scientific and
professional function effectively.
6.5 Program Learning Outcomes(PLOs)

• PLO-1 Fundamental Knowledge: An ability to demonstrate the
solid fundamental knowledge in Physics.
9
• PLO-2 Problem Analysis: An ability to identify, formulate, and
analyze complex/engineering/industrial problems reaching substanti-
ated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences
and engineering sciences.
• PLO-3 Formulation and Solution: Apply the fundamental knowl-

edge in Physics and statistics in undertaking problems identification,
formulation and solution with critical thinking
• PLO-4 Investigation: An ability to investigate complex problems

in a mathematical way including literature survey, design and conduct
of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of
information to derive valid conclusions.
• PLO-5 Modern Tool Usage: An ability to apply appropriate tech-

niques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools.
• PLO-6 Individual and Team Work: An ability to work effectively,

as an individual or in a team, on multifaceted and /or multidisciplinary
settings.
• PLO-7 Communication: Communicate effectively and give strong

opinion among people
• PLO-8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional

ethics and responsibilities and norms of engineering practice.
• PLO-9 Project/Thesis: An ability to demonstrate management

skills and apply fundamental principles to one’s own work, as a mem-
ber and/or leader in a team, to manage small level projects/thesis in
a multidisciplinary environment.
6.6 Scope of the Program

BS Physics is an undergraduate degree in the field of science. The course
study educates the participants with various aspects of matter, motion, en-
ergy, time, and so on. The course offers adequate scope with regard to
higher education as well as career. There exist ample master level courses
for candidates who are interested in higher education. Apart from this, the
candidate can seek career opportunities in research and development, sci-
ence, education and other related areas. Higher education after BS Physics
increases the proximity to get in to a high designation job with rewarding
compensation packages.
10
6.7 Entry/Admission Requirements
The candidate seeking admission in BS Physics Program, must meet the
following eligibility criterion
• Intermediate with Physics and Mathematics, securing at least 50 %

marks in aggregate.
OR
• Any other examination of a Foreign University / Institution / Examin-

ing Body, equivalent to Intermediate with Physics and Mathematics.
Equivalence and percentage of marks will be determined by IBCC.
OR
• 2% quota for 3 years Diploma of Associate Engineering with Physics

and Mathematics securing at least 60% marks.
6.8 Duration of the Program

The minimum period for completion of BS Physics program is 04 academic
years whereas maximum period will be 06 academic years. Normal duration
of BS Physics program would be 04 academic years.
• Extension Beyond Maximum Duration
1. The Vice Chancellor may grant extensions up to a maximum period

of 01 year beyond the maximum duration for completing requirements
for the award of degree. Students requiring extension may apply to
the Vice chancellor for this purpose.
2. A student would be separated from the University if he/she requires

extension beyond one year.
3. Separated students can apply to the Vice Chancellor for re-admission.

If their application is accepted, the concerned department will trans-
fer subjects from the previous registration in accordance with the pre-
scribed rule.
4. A re-admitted student will not be granted second re-admission if he/she

is separated second time from the University.
11
6.9 Semester Plan
Semester 1
S. No Course Code Course Title Page Credit
No. Hours
1. CHEM-1108 Introduction to Chemistry 17 3
2. HLTH-1113 Basic Health Awareness 18 2
3. INFT-1102 Introduction to Computing 19 2
4. INFT-1202 Introduction to Computing Lab 20 1
5. ISLS-1112 Islamic Studies 21 2
6. MATH-1101 Calculus-I 25 3
7. PHYS-1101 Mechanics-I 26 3
8. PHYS-1201 Mechanics Lab 28 1
Total 17
Semester 2
No. Hours
1. ENGL-1118 Functional English 30 3
2. MATH-1102 Calculus-II 31 3
3. PAKS-1113 Pakistan Studies 32 2
4. PHYS-1102 Mechanics-II 33 3
5. PHYS-1104 Electricity and Magnetism-I 35 3
6. PHYS-1108 Heat and Thermodynamics 36 3
7. PHYS-1210 Heat, Electricity and Magnetism Lab 38 1
Total 18
Semester 3
No. Hours
1. ENGL-1119 Communication Skills 39 3
2. MATH-2102 Linear Algebra 40 3
3. PHYS-2101 Waves and Oscillations 42 3
4. PHYS-2105 Electricity and Magnetism-II 43 3
5. PHYS-2201 Waves and Oscillations Lab 44 1
6. STAT-2131 Probability and Statistics 45 3
Total 16
12
Semester 4
No. Hours
1. COSC-2115 Introduction to Computer Program 47 2
and Applications
2. COSC-2215 Introduction to Computer Program 49 1
and Applications Lab
3. ENGL-2111 Technical Writing and Presentation 50 3
Skills
4. MATH-2122 Differential Equations 50 3
5. PHYS-2102 Optics 52 3
6. PHYS-2108 Modern Physics 53 3
7. PHYS-2202 Optics Lab 55 1
8. SSCI-3120 Constitution and Legal System of 56 2
Pakistan
Total 18
Semester 5
No. Hours
1. PHYS-3101 Mathematical Methods of Physics-I 57 3
2. PHYS-3103 Electrodynamics-I 58 3
3. PHYS-3105 Classical Mechanics-I 59 3
4. PHYS-3109 Circuits and Devices 60 3
5. PHYS-3113 Introduction to Computational 62 3
Physics
6. PHYS-3209 Circuits and Devices Lab 63 2
Total 17
Semester 6
No. Hours
1. PHYS-3102 Mathematical Methods of Physics-II 65 3
2. PHYS-3104 Electrodynamics-II 66 3
3. PHYS-3106 Classical Mechanics-II 67 3
4. PHYS-3110 Quantum Mechanics-I 68 3
5. PHYS-3112 Nuclear Physics 70 3
6. PHYS-3211 Modern Physics & Spectroscopy Lab 71 2
Total 17
13
Semester 7
No. Hours
1. PHYS-4103 Digital Electronics-I 72 3
2. PHYS-4105 Solid State Physics-I 74 3
3. PHYS-4107 Thermal and Statistical Physics 75 3
4. PHYS-4109 Quantum Mechanics-II 77 3
5. PHYS-4211 Advanced Physics Lab 78 2
6. PHYS-XXXX Elective-I 16 3
Total 17
Semester 8
No. Hours
1. PHYS-4104 Digital Electronics-II 80 3
2. PHYS-4106 Solid State Physics-II 81 3
3. PHYS-4108 Atomic and Molecular Physics 83 3
4. PHYS-4204 Digital Electronics Lab 84 2
5. PHYS-4360 Project 85 3
6. PHYS-XXXX Elective-II 16 3
Total 17
Total Credit Hours: 137
Note: Courses can be swapped according to the resources of the University.
14
6.10 Workload Policy per Semester
First year and second year student may be allowed to register in at most
18 credit hours during fall and spring semesters such that contact hours per
week do not exceed 26.
Students of third year and beyond may be allowed to register in at most
20 credit hours per week during fall and spring semesters such that contact
hours per week do not exceed 30. Students because of repetition of courses
or fulfillment of graduation requirements may apply to concerned Dean for
one credit hour relaxation in the 20 credit hours registration limit.
A student may register in summer semester for at most 9 credit hours
such that contact hours per week do not exceed 24.
6.11 Project Evaluation Policy

Students will make a group of maximum 5 students. They have to com-
plete their project under supervision of a full-time faculty member of the
department. Each group can choose if required, on the recommendation of
Supervisor, upto one or two advisors. Advisors can be from same or different
departments or can be from industry or other HEI. A students shall be re-
quired to submit a project research report and present it in a seminar/ viva
for evaluation conducted by committee of departmental internal examiners.
6.12 Degree Completion Requirements

• For award of BS Physics degree, a student must successfully complete
credit hours as prescribed by the plan of study.
• Minimum CGPA for award of BS degree must be 2.0 CGPA out of 4.0
15
7 List of Courses
List of Elective Courses
Code Title of the Course Page No. Cr. Hrs
1 PHYS-4110 Plasma Physics 86 3
2 PHYS-4112 Methods of Experimental Physics 87 3
3 PHYS-4114 Introduction to Quantum Computing 88 3
4 PHYS-4116 Quantum Information Theory 89 3
5 PHYS-4118 Introduction to Optoelectronics 90 3
6 PHYS-4120 Experimental Techniques in Particle and Nu- 91 3
clear Physics
7 PHYS-4122 Electronic Materials and Devices 92 3
8 PHYS-4124 Fluid Dynamics 93 3
9 PHYS-4126 Introduction to Photonics 94 3
10 PHYS-4128 Introduction to Materials Science 94 3
11 PHYS-4130 Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotech- 95 3
nologies
12 PHYS-4132 Introduction to Particle Physics 96 3
13 PHYS-4134 Computer Simulations in Physics 97 3
14 PHYS-4136 Surface Sciences 97 3
15 PHYS-4138 Computational Physics 99 3
16 PHYS-4140 Solid State Electronic Devices 99 3
17 PHYS-4142 Environmental Physics 100 3
18 PHYS-4144 Characterization Techniques for Nanomate- 101 3
rials
19 PHYS-4146 Chemical and Physical Synthesis of Nanoma- 101 3
terials
20 PHYS-4148 Laser and Quantum Optics 101 3
21 PHYS-4150 Quantum Field Theory 102 3
22 PHYS-4152 Physical and Geometrical Optics 103 3
23 PHYS-4154 Introduction to Laser Physics 103 3
24 PHYS-4156 Sub-Atomic Physics-I 104 3
25 PHYS-4158 Sub-Atomic Physics-II 105 3
26 PHYS-4160 Introduction to Quantum Information and 106 3
Computation
16
8 Content of Courses
Introduction to Chemistry
Prerequisite(s): None
Objectives: Students will be able to understand and acquire knowl-
edge about the principles and theoretical background of kinetics theory of
gases, chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. The knowledge
gained thus can be applied to study various aspects of kinetics theory of
gases, chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics.
Course Learning Outcomes: After completion of the course students
will be able to:
• Explain statistical physics and thermodynamics as logical consequences

of the thermodynamics laws. Use the tools, methodologies, language
and conventions of physics to test and communicate ideas and expla-
nations.
• Use the tools, methodologies, language and conventions of physics to

test and communicate ideas and explanation. Compare and contrast
the chemical behavior and reactions of common substances. Solve
kinetic and equilibrium problems.
Chemical Thermodynamics Equation of states, ideal and real gases, the

virial equation and the vander Waals equation for real gases, critical phe-
nomena and critical constants, four laws of thermodynamics and their ap-
plications, thermochemistry, calorimetry, heat capacities and their depen-
dence on temperature, pressure and volume, reversible and non-reversible
processes, spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, Relation of entropy
and energy with equilibrium constant and their dependence on temperature.
Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Chemical potential.Partial molal quantities,
Gibbs Helmholtz equation, fugacity and activity. Kinetic Theory of Gases:
Probability density for molecular speeds of gas molecules, Maxwell distri-
bution of molecular speeds, average speeds, pressure of an ideal gas, calcu-
lation of molecular speeds, binary collisions, effusion and mean free paths,
Maxwell-Boltzmann?s law of energy distribution. Chemical Kinetics: First
order, second and third order reactions with same and different initial con-
centrations of reactants, half-lives of reactions, experimental techniques for
rate determination and methods for determination of order of reaction (in-
tegration, half-life, initial rate, and graphical methods), Arrhenius equation,
Lindemann theory of unimolecular reactions.
17
Recommended Books:
1. R. J. Silbey., Alberty, R. A., and Bawendi, M. G., Physical Chemistry,

4th ed., Jojn-Wiley & Sons, (2005).
2. D. A. McQuarrie, and J. D. Simon, Physical Chemistry ? A Molecular

Approach, 1st ed., University Science Books, (1997).
3. P. Atkins. And D. J. Paula, Atkin?s Physical Chemistry, 9th ed.,

Oxford University Press, (2010).
4. W. J. Moore, Physical Chemistry, 4th ed., Longman Publisher (1972).
Basic Health Awareness

Objectives: This course is designed to introduce basic concepts of
health, disease, remedies and health living practices
Course Learning Outcomes: After completion of the course students
will be able to:
• Understand the importance of maintaining a healthy environment.
• Understand the acute and chronic health effects of exposures to chem-

ical, physical and biological agents in the workplace.
• Understand how personal choices and habits can contribute to disease

prevention.
Concepts and basic requirements for a healthy environment, healthy liv-

ing. Health and disease concepts, Classification of diseases, Communicable
diseases, Non-communicable diseases; Personal hygiene and health. Bio-
logical, physical and psychological hazards and their effects on health and
safety, local effects, systemic effects, acute and chronic effects. Methods
of control, Elimination, Substitution, Engineering controls, Administrative
controls, Personal protective equipment (PPE), Cumulative trauma disorder
(CTD) of commonly known disorders and diseases.
Recommended Books:
1. B. J. Nebel and R. T. Wright, Environmental Science (The Way the

World Works) 8th Edition. Prentice Hall International Inc. London,
UK, 2004.
18
2. K. Park, Park?s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 2nd
Edition. M/s Banarsid. 2002.
3. A. Yassi, T. Kjelllstrm, T. de Kok, and T. Guidotti Basic Environ-

mental Health, 1st Edition. Oxford University Press New York, USA,
2001.
4. R. Mohapatra, and S. Jaypee, Occupational Health Hazards and Reme-

dies. (2002). Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt. Ltd. India.
5. P. L. Aynor and Virginia, Biosafety Management: Principles and Ap-

plications. (2000). Polytechnic Institute Publications. USA.
Introduction to Computing
Objectives: To Improve understanding of the concepts and theories of
science and technology. To Improve problem solving and critical thinking
skills through application of scientific knowledge. Utilize technology in pur-
suit of intellectual growth and efficacious human interaction. Understand
the interconnected and ever changing relationships among natural, physical
and technological sciences.
Course Learning Outcomes: After completing this course students will
be able to:
• Understand different terms associated with ICT and Identify various

components of a computer system
• Identify various categories of software and their usage. Define the basic
terms associated with communications and networking.
• Understand different terms associated with internet and World Wide

Web
The Amazing Computer: brief history of computers, an overview of the

computer system, looking inside the machine, software brings the machine to
life, the shapes of computers today. Processing Data: transforming data into
information, how computers represent data, bits and bytes, text codes, num-
ber systems, the CPU, memory, factors affecting processing speed, parallel
processing Interacting with your computer: input and output devices, con-
necting input/output devices to the computer, serial and parallel ports, Stor-
ing Information in a Computer: magnetic storage devices, diskette drives,
19
how data is organized on a disk, hard disks, tape drives, optical storage
devices, CD-ROM The Operating System and Interfacing: what is an op-
erating system, DOS, windows (XP, NT), Linux, UNIX, Mechantech, the
user interface, parts of interface, multitasking, managing files, managing
hardware, file de fragmentation, data compression, backup software, data
recovery software, antivirus utilities screen savers, the word processor inter-
face, networks and data communications. Productivity Software: MS Office
(word, power point, excel sheet, word processing sheet), paint soft The In-
ternet and online resources: search engines, e mails, and digital libraries.
Recommended Books
1. P. Norton, Introduction to Computers, McGraw-Hill/Irwin publishers,

ed. 6th, 2004
2. P. K. Sinha, Computer Fundamentals, Bpb Publications, 2004
Introduction to Computing Lab

Practical List Regarding MS-Word Processor
• Apply the formatting options to that, like Bold, Italic, and Underline,
1.5 for each paragraph, numbers to all pages of the document, headers
or footers.
• Write down an application to the head of an organization, and apply

all the proper formatting according to the application style.
• Insert some picture in the word document and do apply the formatting
steps to that picture (color, brightness and contrast of the picture)
along with text.
• Use of columns, table, bullets, and numbers formats borders and shad-
ing and headings in word document.
• Make some document and apply some themes on the document and
shape it like a website. Also apply hyper linking among all pages of
the document.
Practical List Regarding MS-Power Point
• Make a presentation in power point by inserting the number of slides,

and text, the slides number, date and time in your presentations.
20
• Make a presentation in power point, using the design templates. Also
apply the animation to all the of the slides
• Make a presentation in power point, insert the pictures and clip arts
also apply the audio sounds in the presentations. Also do apply the
slide transitions options.
Practical List Regarding MS-Excel Sheets
• Create a table in the excel sheets and apply the formats in that
• Create a table in MS-Excel and also insert some graph in the table
according to the values of two quantities, which show the quantities
along x-axis and y-axis.
• Manage some data in excel sheet and do apply the following math-
ematical formulae Add, Subtract, Sort (Ascend/Descend), Average
And some trigonometric functions
Islamic Studies
Objectives: This Course is aimed at: To provide basic information
about Islamic Studies and to enhance understanding of the students regard-
ing Islamic Civilization.
Introduction to Quranic Studies:
• Basic Concepts of Quran.
• History of Quran.
• Uloom-ul-Quran.
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran:
• Verses of Surah Al-Baqra Related to Faith(Verse No-284-286).
• Verses of Surah Al-Hujrat Related to Adab Al-Nabi (Verse No-1-18).
• Verses of Surah Al-Mumanoon Related to Characteristics of faithful

(Verse No-1-11).
• Verses of Surah al-Furqan Related to Social Ethics (Verse No .63-77).
21
• Verses of Surah Al-Inam Related to Ihkam (Verse No-152-154).
Study of Selected Text of Holly Quran:
• Verses of Surah Al-Ihzab Related to Adab al-Nabi (Verse No. 6,21,40,56,57,58.).
• Verses of Surah Al-Hashar (18,19,20) Related to thinking, Day of Judg-

ment.
• Verses of Surah Al-Saf Related to Tafakar, Tadabar (Verse No-1,14).
Seerat of Holy Prophet (PBUH)-I:
• Life of Muhammad Bin Abdullah ( Before Prophet Hood).
• Life of Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Makkah.
• Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Makkah .
Seerat of Holy Prophet (PBUH)-II:
• Life of Holy Prophet (PBUH) in Madina.
• Important Events of Life Holy Prophet in Madina.
• Important Lessons Derived from the life of Holy Prophet in Madina.
Introduction to Sunnah:
• Basic Concepts of Hadith.
• History of Hadith.
• Kinds of Hadith.
• Uloom-ul-Hadith.
• Sunnah & Hadith.
• Legal Position of Sunnah.
Selected Study from Text of Hadith:

Introduction to Islamic Law & Jurisprudence:
• Basic Concepts of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence.
22
• History & Importance of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence.
• Sources of Islamic Law & Jurisprudence.
• Nature of Differences in Islamic Law.
• Islam and Sectarianism.
Islamic Culture & Civilization:
• Basic Concepts of Islamic Culture & Civilization.
• Historical Development of Islamic Culture & Civilization.
• Characteristics of Islamic Culture & Civilization.
• Islamic Culture & Civilization and Contemporary Issues.
Islam & Science:
• Basic Concepts of Islam & Science.
• Contributions of Muslims in the Development of Science.
• Quran & Science.
Islamic Economic System:
• Basic Concepts of Islamic Economic System.
• Means of Distribution of wealth in Islamic Economics.
• Islamic Concept of Riba?
• Islamic Ways of Trade & Commerce.
Political System of Islam:
• Basic Concepts of Islamic Political System.
• Islamic Concept of Sovereignty.
• Basic Institutions of Govt. in Islam.
23
Islamic History:
• Period of Khlaft-e-Rashida.
• Period of Ummayyads.
• Period of Abbasids.
Social System of Islam:
• Basic Concepts of Social System Of Islam.
• Elements of Family.
• Ethical values of Islam.
Course Learning Outcomes(CLOs) Mapping

with PLOs
CLO-1 Able to apply the Basic rules of Quran and PLO-8
Seerat of Holy Prophet (PBUH) on their
daily life, and effectually explain it to oth-
ers.
CLO-2 In the direction of Holy Quran be able to fix PLO-8
their daily life, family and society problems.
CLO-3 To be able to communicate with other hu- PLO-7,8
man beings the message of Islam in an in-
formed and logical manner.
Recommended Books:
1. M. Hameed ullah, Muslim Conduct of State.
2. M. Hameed ullah, Introduction to Islam
3. M. Hameed ullah, Emergence of Islam , IRI, Isb.?
4. H. H.Hassan, An Introduction to the Study of Islamic Law, leaf Pub-

lication Islamabad, Pakistan.?
5. A. Hasan, Principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, Islamic Research Insti-

tute, International Islamic University, Isb. (1993)
6. M. Waliullah, Muslim Jurisprudence and the Quranic Law of Crimes,

Islamic Book Service (1982)?
24
7. H.S. Bhatia, Studies in Islamic Law, Religion and Society, Deep &
Deep Publications New Delhi (1989)?
8. M. Zia-ul-Haq, Introduction to Al Sharia Al Islamia, Allama Iqbal

Open University, Islamabad (2001)
Calculus-I
Objective: Calculus serves as the foundation of advanced subjects in
all areas of mathematics. This is the first course of Calculus. The objective
of this course is to introduce students to the fundamental concepts of limit,
continuity, differential and integral calculus of functions of one variable.
Course Learning Outcomes: At the end of this lab course, students
will be able to:
• Functions are understandable Geometrically, Numerically and Alge-
braically. Recognize properties of functions and their inverses.
• Concept of Limit of a function and difference between actual value and

Limiting value. Concept of derivatives should be clear Geometrically,
Numerically and Algebraically.
• Apply the procedures of differentiation accurately. Perform accurately

definite and indefinite integration.
• Understand and apply the procedures for integrating rational func-

tions. Applications of calculus on different real world issues. Making
calculations in a batter way to achieve the goals.
Equations and inequalities: Solving linear and quadratic equations, lin-
ear inequalities. Division of polynomials, synthetic division. Roots of a
polynomial, rational roots; Viete Relations. Descartes rule of signs. So-
lutions of equations with absolute value sign. Solution of linear and non-
linear inequalities with absolute value sign.Functions and graphs: Domain
and range of a function. Examples: polynomial, rational, piecewise defined
functions, absolute value functions, and evaluation of such functions. Oper-
ations with functions: sum, product, quotient and composition. Graphs of
functions: linear,quadratic, piecewise defined functions.Lines and systems of
equations: Equation of a straight line, slope and intercept of a line, parallel
and perpendicular lines. Systems of linear equations, solution of system of
linear equations. Nonlinear systems: at least one quadratic equation.Limits
25
and continuity: Functions, limit of a function. Graphical approach. Prop-
erties of limits. Theorems of limits. Limits of polynomials, rational and
transcendental functions. Limits at infinity, infinite limits, one-sided limits.
Continuity. Derivatives: Definition, techniques of differentiation. Deriva-
tives of polynomials and rational, exponential, logarithmic and trigonomet-
ric functions. The chain rule. Implicit differentiation. Rates of change in
natural and social sciences. Related rates. Linear approximations and differ-
entials. Higher derivatives, Leibnitz’s theorem. Applications of derivatives:
Increasing and decreasing functions. Relative extrema and optimization.
First derivative test for relative extrema. Convexity and point of inflection.
The second derivative test for extrema. Curve sketching. Mean value theo-
rems. Indeterminate forms and L’Hopitals rule. Inverse functions and their
derivatives. Integration: Anti derivatives and integrals. Riemann sums and
the definite integral. Properties of Integral. The fundamental theorem of
calculus. The substitution rule.
Recommended Books:
1. Thomas, Calculus. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 11th Edi-

tion, 2005.
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ,

8th Edition, ,2005.
3. H. Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivari-

able, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 3rd Edition, 2002.
4. A. Frank, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum’s outlines series , 4th

Edition, 1999.
5. C. H. Edward and E.D Penney, Calculus and Analytics Geometry,

Prentice Hall, Inc. 1988.
Mechanics-I
Objectives: The objective of this course is to introduce students to
basic concepts of mechanics involving various unit systems and their con-
versions, vector manipulation, Motion in 1D, 2D and 3D. Understand laws
of motion and related terms and applying them to solve problems of forces,
work, energy, motion of a system of Particles and extended rigid bodies,
centre of mass and momentum etc.
26
Physics and Measurement: Standards of Length, Mass, and Time. Mat-
ter and Model Building. Density and Atomic Mass. Dimensional Analysis.
Conversion of Units. Estimates and Order-of-Magnitude Calculations. Mo-
tion in One Dimension: Position, Velocity, and Speed. Instantaneous Veloc-
ity and Speed. Acceleration. Motion Diagrams. One-Dimensional Motion
with Constant Acceleration. Freely Falling Objects. Kinematic Equations
Derived from Calculus. Vectors. Coordinate Systems. Vector and Scalar
Quantities. Some Properties of Vectors. Components of a Vector and Unit
Vectors. Motion in Two Dimensions: The Position, Velocity, and Accelera-
tion Vectors. Two-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration. Projec-
tile Motion. Uniform Circular Motion. Tangential and Radial Acceleration.
Relative Velocity and Relative Acceleration. The Laws of Motion: The Con-
cept of Force. Newton’s First Law and Inertial Frames. Mass. Newton’s
Second Law. The Gravitational Force and Weight. Newton’s Third Law.
Some Applications of Newton’s Laws. Forces of Friction. Circular Motion
and Other Applications of Newton’s Laws: Newton’s Second Law Applied
to Uniform Circular Motion. Non-uniform Circular Motion. Motion in Ac-
celerated Frames. Motion in the Presence of Resistive Forces. Energy of the
system: Systems and Environments. Work Done by a Constant Force. The
Scalar Product of Two Vectors. Work Done by a Varying Force. Kinetic
Energy and the Work–Kinetic Energy Theorem. Potential energy of the
system. Conservation and Non conservation force. Relation Between con-
servative forces and potential energy. Energy diagrams and equilibrium of a
system Conservation of energy: The Non-Isolated System–Conservation of
Energy. The Isolated System. Situations involving Kinetic energy friction.
Changes in mechanical energy for non-conservative forces. Power.
27
with PLOs
CLO-1 Apply the basic laws and concept of physics PLO-1
in Mechanics-I to understand its basic
knowledge and concept.
CLO-2 Exercise the use of physical intuition, in- PLO-2,3,4
cluding the ability to guess an approximate
or conceptual answer to a Mechanics-I base
problem and recognize whether or not the
result of a calculation makes physical sense.
CLO-3 Access information on a Mechanics- I topic PLO-9
from a variety of sources, and be able to learn
new things on one?s own.
Recommended Books:
1. R. A. Serway and J. W. Jewett, Physics for Scientists and Engineers

With Modern Physics, 10th ed.
2. D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Fundamentals of Physics (Ex-

tended), John Wiley & Sons, 10th edition
3. R. Resnick, D. Halliday and K.S. Krane, Physics, Vol 1 & 2, Wiley;

5th edition
4. M. Mansfield and C. O. Sullivan Understanding Physics, Wiley ,2nd

Edition, 2010
5. P. A. Tipler and G. Mosca , Physics for Scientists and Engineers (Ex-

tended Version), (6th Edition, Freeman 2008).
Mechanics Lab
Note: Minimum 8 practicals should be performed in every lab
Objective: The purpose of this course is to actively involve students
in mechanic lab to study various mechanical properties such as modulus of
rigidity, viscosity, surface tension, determining value of g, phase change in
waves and conservation of energy.
1. Modulus of rigidity by static & dynamic method (Maxwell’s needle)
28
2. Modulus of rigidity by static & dynamic method (Barton’s Apparatus).
3. To study the damping features of an oscillating system using simple

pendulum of variable mass.
4. Measurement of viscosity of liquid by Stoke’s method.
5. Measurement of viscosity of liquid by Poiseulli’s method.
6. Surface tension of water by capillary tube method.
7. To determine the value of g by compound pendulum.
8. To determine the value of g by Kater’s Pendulum.
9. To study the dependence of centripetal force on mass, radius, and

angular velocity of a body in circular motion.
10. Investigation of phase change with position in traveling wave and mea-
surement of the velocity of sound by CRO.
11. Determination of moment of inertia of a solid/hollow cylinder and a

sphere etc.
12. To study the conservation of energy (Hook’s law).
13. To determine frequency of AC supply by CRO.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Be able to perform the basics laboratory PLO-1,9
tasks for research in these areas.
CLO-2 Be familiar with the research that takes place PLO-9
in several areas of Mechanics
Recommended Books:
1. G. Leimbach. Physics Laboratory experiment, Germany, 2005.
2. D. Halliday, R. Resnick and J. Walker, Fundamentals of Physics, John

Wiley & Sons, 9th ed. 2010.
3. Y. Kraftmakers, Experiments and demonstrations in Physics, World

Scientific Publishing Co. Ltd, 2007.
29
Functional English
Objectives: Enhance language skills and develop critical thinking.
Course Learning Outcomes:
• Students will be able to improve their comprehension into English to

use it for their academic purpose.in communication and translation of
text from Urdu into English and vice versa.
• Students will be able to improve their every-day conversation on dif-

ferent topics.
• Functional English will help students acquire presentation skill through

creative ability in writing and speaking.
Basics of Grammar, Parts of speech and use of articles, Sentence struc-

ture, active and passive voice, Practice in unified sentence, Analysis of
phrase, clause and sentence structure, Transitive and intransitive verbs,
Punctuation and spelling Comprehension, Answers to questions on a given
text, Discussion, General topics and everyday conversation (topics for dis-
cussion to be at the discretion of the teacher keeping in view the level of stu-
dents), Listening, To be improved by showing documentaries/films carefully
selected by subject teachers, Translation skills, Urdu to English, Paragraph
writing, Topics to be chosen at the discretion of the teacher Presentation
skills. Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building.
Recommended Books
1. A. J. Thomson and A. V. Martinet. Practical English Grammar, Ex-

ercises 1. Oxford University Press, Third edition. 1997

3. Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and Francoise Grellet. Writ-

ing. Intermediate, Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression
1993
4. Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis, Reading. Upper Intermediate, Oxford

Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1992.
30
Calculus-II
Prerequisite(s): Calculus-I
Objectives: This is second course of Calculus. As continuation of Cal-
culus I, it focuses on techniques of integration and applications of integrals.
The course also aims at introducing the students to infinite series, paramet-
ric curves and polar coordinates
Course Learning Outcomes: On successful completion of this course,
students will be able to:
• Understand the concept of Indefinite and definite integrals.
• The best ways to do integration when polynomials, rational functions,

exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric and inverse-trigonometric func-
tions are involved.
• Understand the necessity of parametric form and particularly polar

form of a function.
• Concept of Sequence as a special function and its applications. Con-

cept of Series and its sum and its convergence.
• Perform accurately the approximation of a function by series. Finding

the sum of the infinite series using different function
Techniques of integration: Integrals of elementary, hyperbolic, trigono-

metric, logarithmic and exponential functions. Integration by parts, substi-
tution and partial fractions. Approximate integration. Improper integrals.
Gamma functions. Applications of integrals: Area between curves, average
value. Volumes. Arc length. Area of a surface of revolution. Applications
to Economics, Physics, Engineering and Biology.?Infinite series: Sequences
and series. Convergence and absolute convergence. Tests for convergence:
divergence test, integral test, pseries test, comparison test, limit comparison
test, alternating series test, ratio test, root test. Power series. Convergence
of power series. Representation of functions as power series. Differentiation
and integration of power series. Taylor and McLaurin series. Approxima-
tions by Taylor polynomials. Conic section, parameterized curves and polar
coordinates: Curves defined by parametric equations. Calculus with para-
metric curves: tangents, areas, arc length. Polar coordinates. Polar curves,
tangents to polar curves. Areas and arc length in polar coordinates.
31
Recommended Books:
1. Thomas, Calculus. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 11th Edi-

tion, 2005.
2. H. Anton, I. Bevens, S. Davis, Calculus, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ,

8th Edition, ,2005.
3. H. Hallett, Gleason, McCallum, et al, Calculus Single and Multivari-

able, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 3rd Edition, 2002.
4. A. Frank, Elliott Mendelson, Calculus, Schaum’s outlines series , 4th

Edition, 1999.
5. C. H. Edward and E.D Penney, Calculus and Analytics Geometry,

Prentice Hall, Inc. 1988.
Pakistan Studies
Objectives
• Develop vision of historical perspective, government, politics, contem-

porary Pakistan, ideological background of Pakistan.
• Study the process of governance, national development, issues arising

in the modern age and posing challenges to Pakistan.
Historical Perspective, Ideological rationale with special reference to Sir

Syed Ahmed Khan, Allama Muhammad Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam Muham-
mad Ali Jinnah. Factors leading to Muslim separatism. People and Land,
Indus Civilization, Muslim advent, Location and geo-physical features. Gov-
ernment and Politics in Pakistan, Political and constitutional phases: 1947-
58, 1958-71, 1971-77, 1977-88, 1988-99, 1999 onward. Contemporary Pak-
istan, Economic institutions and issues, Society and social structure, Eth-
nicity, Foreign policy of Pakistan and challenges, Futuristic outlook of Pak-
istan. Special terms with Islamic World, Kashmir’s freedom & ways devised
in achievement, Pakistan & Palestine Issue, Pakistan and International Is-
sues. Gwadar port and its importance.
32
with PLOs
CLO-1 Analyze the issues of governance, politics PLO-7
and crisis facing Pakistan Today.
CLO-2 Able to highlight Pakistan?s strategic posi- PLO-7
tion in international politics, especially its
relations with neighboring and Muslim coun-
tries.
CLO-3 Be able to promote an understanding of the PLO-7
ideology of Pakistan, the Muslim struggle for
independence and endeavors for establishing
a modern welfare Islamic state.
Recommended Books
1. Burki and S. Javed. State & Society in Pakistan, The Macmillan Press
Ltd 1980.
2. S. Akbar, Zaidi. Issue in Pakistan’s Economy. Karachi: Oxford Uni-

versity Press, 2000.
3. S .M. Burke and Lawrence Ziring. Pakistan’s Foreign policy: An His-

torical analysis. Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1993.
4. Zutshi, Chitralekha,Languages of Belonging: Islam, Regional Identity,

and the Making of Kashmir, C. Hurst & Co. Publishers.
5. Mehmood, Safdar. Pakistan Political Roots & Development. Lahore,

1994.
6. Wilcox and Wayne.The Emergence of Banglades., Washington: Amer-

ican Enterprise, Institute of Public Policy Research, 1972.
7. Mehmood and Safdar. Pakistan Kayyun Toota, Lahore: Idara-e-

Saqafat-e-Islamia, Club Road.
Mechanics-II
Prerequisite(s): Mechanics-I
Objectives: The objective of this course is to expose students to ad-
vanced concepts of mechanics. This involves the study of rotational motion
33
of body, relationship between linear and angular variables, rotational inertia,
parallel-axis theorem, work and rotational kinetic energy and equilibrium in-
volving forces, torques and Fluid mechanics.
Linear Momentum and Collisions: Linear Momentum and Its Conser-
vation. Impulse and Momentum. Collisions in One Dimension. Two-
Dimensional Collisions. The Center of Mass. Motion of a System of Parti-
cles. Deformable systems. Rocket Propulsion. Rotation of a Rigid Object
about a Fixed Axis: Angular Position, Velocity, and Acceleration. Rota-
tional Kinematics: Rotational Motion with Constant Angular Acceleration.
Angular and Translational Quantities. Rotational Kinetic Energy. Calcula-
tion of Moments of Inertia. Torque. The rigid object under a net torque.
Energy considerations in Rotational Motion. Rolling Motion of a Rigid
Object. Angular Momentum: The Vector Product and Torque. Angular
Momentum. Angular Momentum of a Rotating Rigid Object. The isolated
system: Conservation of Angular Momentum. The Motion of Gyroscopes
and Tops. Static Equilibrium and Elasticity: The rigid object in Equilib-
rium. More on the Center of Gravity. Examples of Rigid Objects in Static
Equilibrium. Elastic Properties of Solids. Universal Gravitation: Newton’s
Law of Universal Gravitation. Free-Fall Acceleration and the Gravitational
Force. Kepler’s Laws and the Motion of Planets. The Gravitational Field.
Gravitational Potential Energy. Energy Considerations in Planetary and
Satellite Motion. Fluid Mechanics: Pressure. Variation of Pressure with
Depth. Pressure Measurements. Buoyant Forces and Archimedes’s Princi-
ple. Fluid Dynamics. Bernoulli’s Equation. Other Applications of Fluid
Dynamics.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Apply basic principles of Mechanics-i with PLO-1,2,3
analytic tools to evaluate and describe phys-
ical situations appropriate to advance Me-
chanics.
CLO-2 Apply scientific and technical knowledge of PLO-1,5
advance mechanics skills to other disciplines
areas of study.
Recommended Books:
34
5th edition
Edition, 2010
Electricity and Magnetism-I

Prerequisite(s): Mechanics-I, Calculus-I
Objectives: The objective of this course is to familiarize students to
fundamental concepts of electricity and magnetism. This will involve the
study of properties of electric charges, dipole, Gauss’law, electric potential
due to point charge, dipole and continuous charge distribution. Capacitors
and capacitance, capacitors in series and parallel, electric current, resistance,
single and multi-loop circuits will be covered in this course.
Electric Fields: Properties of Electric Charges. Charging Objects by In-
duction. Coulomb’s Law. The Electric Field. Electric Field of a Continuous
Charge Distribution. Electric Field Lines. Motion of Charged Particles in a
Uniform Electric Field. Gauss’s Law: Electric Flux. Gauss’s Law. Applica-
tion of Gauss’s Law to Various Charge Distributions. Conductors in Electro-
static Equilibrium. Formal Derivation of Gauss’s Law. Electric Potential:
Potential Difference and Electric Potential. Potential Differences in a Uni-
form Electric Field.?Electric Potential and Potential Energy Due to Point
Charges. Obtaining the Value of the Electric Field from the Electric Poten-
tial. Electric Potential Due to Continuous Charge Distributions. Electric
Potential Due to a Charged Conductor. The Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment.
Applications of Electrostatics. Capacitance and Dielectrics: Definition of
Capacitance. Calculating Capacitance. Combinations of Capacitors. En-
ergy Stored in a Charged Capacitor. Capacitors with Dielectrics. Electric
Dipole in an Electric Field. An Atomic Description of Dielectrics. Current
and Resistance: Electric Current. Resistance. A Model for Electrical Con-
duction. Resistance and Temperature. Superconductors. Electrical Power.
Direct Current Circuits: Electromotive Force Resistors in Series and Paral-
lel. Kirchhoff’s Rules. RC Circuits. Electrical Meters. Household Wiring
and Electrical Safety
35
with PLOs
CLO-1 Apply knowledge of electricity and mag- PLO-1,2
netism to explain natural physical processes
and related technological advances.
CLO-2 To describe, in words, the ways in which var- PLO-3,9
ious concepts in electromagnetism come into
play in particular situations.
CLO-3 Use modern tools/teachings to represent PLO-5
these electromagnetic phenomena and fields
mathematically in particular situations
Recommended Books:


5th edition

Edition, 2010

Heat and Thermodynamics

Prerequisite(s): Mechanics-I
Objectives: The objective of this course is to impart students the
knowledge of heat, temperature, K.E and internal energy of ideal gas, Inter-
molecular forces, first law of thermodynamics and its applications to adia-
batic, isothermal, cyclic and free expansion. Second law of thermodynamics,
Carnot theorem and Carnot engine, Heat engine, Refrigerators and thermo-
dynamic functions (Internal energy, Enthalpy, Gibb’s functions, Entropy,
Helmholtz functions) will also be covered.
Temperature: Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.
Thermometers and the Celsius Temperature Scale. The Constant-Volume
36
Gas Thermometer and the Absolute Temperature Scale. Thermal Expan-
sion of Solids and Liquids. Macroscopic Description of an Ideal Gas. First
Law of Thermodynamics: Heat and Internal Energy. Specific Heat and
Calorimetry. Latent Heat. Work and Heat in Thermodynamic Processes.
The First Law of Thermodynamics. Some Applications of the First Law
of Thermodynamics. Energy Transfer Mechanisms. The Kinetic Theory of
Gases: Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas. Molar Specific Heat of an Ideal
Gas. Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas. The Equipartition of Energy.
Distribution of Molecular Speeds. Heat Engines, Entropy, and the Second
Law of Thermodynamics: Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermo-
dynamics. Heat Pumps and Refrigerators. Reversible and Irreversible Pro-
cesses. The Carnot Engine. Gasoline and Diesel Engines. Entropy. Entropy
Changes in Irreversible Processes. Entropy on a Microscopic Scale.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Understand and correctly use thermody- PLO-1,3
namic terminology.
CLO-2 The understanding of thermodynamic prop- PLO-3
erties and processes will assist students in
other related coursework.
CLO-3 The students will be able to go for required PLO-2,4
heat treatment processes for various materi-
als according to the need of specified job.
Recommended Books:



5th edition

Edition, 2010

37
Heat, Electricity and Magnetism Lab
Objectives: The purpose of this lab course is to prepare students to
have hands on various lab equipment to measure resistance, conductivity,
temperature coefficient of resistance, magnetic field, charge sensitivity of a
ballistic galvanometer etc.
1. Measurement of RC time and find unknown resistor using a neon flash

bulb
2. Conversion of a galvanometer into voltmeter & and ammeter
3. Calibration of an ammeter and a voltmeter by potentiometer
4. Charge sensitivity of a ballistic galvanometer
5. Comparison of capacitances by ballistic galvanometer.
6. To study the B.H. curve & measure the magnetic parameters.
7. Resonance frequency of a rejecter/acceptor circuit.
8. Measurement of self/mutual inductance.
9. Measurement of resistance coil by a Carey Foster bridge.
10. To determine conductivity of a material by Lee’s method.
11. Measuring the magnetic field for a straight conductor and circular
conductor loops.
12. Confirmation of Coulomb’s law
13. Verification of Kirchhoff’s Law
14. To determine thermal emf and plot thermo emf vs temperature.
15. Determination of temperature coefficient of resistance of a given wire.
16. Determination of J by Callender-Barnes experiment.
17. Determination of Stefan’s constant.
18. Calibration of thermocouple by potentiometer
38
19. Determination of Planckss constant (h) by using the photoelectric ef-
fect.
20. Determination of ionization potential of mercury.
21. To determine the stopping potential by photo cell.
22. To investigate the relationship between light intensity and the distance
by using photocell

with PLOs
CLO-1 This lab course will help students better un- PLO-2,4
derstand the physics aspects of heat, elec-
tricity and magnetism.
CLO-2 Will be able to demonstrate use of physical PLO-4
principles of heat, electricity and magnetism
through lab experiments.
Recommended Books:


Communication Skills
Objectives: To enable the students to meet their real life communica-
tion needs.
• Students will be able to learn fundamental skills reading, writing,

speaking and listening.
• Students will be able to get comprehension of academic writing such

as Letter/Memo writing, minutes of meeting, precise writing etc.
39
• Students will be able to learn translation skill and draft their CVs and
job applications.
Paragraph writing Practice in writing a good, unified and coherent para-
graph, Essay writing Introduction, CV and job application, Translation
skills, Urdu to English Study skills Skimming and scanning, intensive and
extensive, and speed reading, Summary and prcis writing and comprehen-
sion Academic skills Letter/memo writing, minutes of meetings, use of li-
brary and internet Presentation skills Personality development (emphasis
on content, style and pronunciation) Note: Documentaries to be shown for
discussion and review
Recommended Books
2. Marie-Christine Boutin, Suzanne Brinand and Francoise Grellet. Writ-

ing. Intermediate, Oxford Supplementary Skills. Fourth Impression
1993
3. Rob Nolasco Writing. Upper Intermediate, Oxford Supplementary

Skills. Fourth Impression 1992 (particularly good for writing memos,
introduction to presentations, descriptive and argumentative writing).
4. Brain Tomlinson and Rod Ellis, Reading. Upper Intermediate, Oxford

Supplementary Skills. Third Impression 1992.
5. B. Tomlinson and R. Ellis, ?Reading. Advanced?? Oxford Supple-

mentary Skills. Third Impression 1991
6. J. Langan by Reading and Study Skills Y. Richard by Study Skills
Linear Algebra
Prerequisite(s): Calculus-II
Objectives: The course is focusing on the introduction of the introduc-
tion of the linear problems in applications. This course covers introduction
of the linear systems formally, methods of solving the systems and the con-
cepts of dimensions and transformations into different vector spaces.
Course Learning Outcomes: The student will enable to perform the
following on completion of this course:
• Solving the system of linear equations and its modeling.
40
• Methods of solving system of linear equations using Determinants.
• Applications in higher dimensions using Transformations.
• Behavior of transformations in different vector spaces.

System of Linear Equations : System of Linear Equations, Augmented
Matrix, Row Operation, Echelon Form, Shape of row echelon form, Comput-
ing row echelon form, Reduced row echelon formExtra:Reduced row echelon
form vs. General solution, Existence of solution of System of Equations,
Uniqueness, Structure of solutions, Uniqueness of solutions Determinant :
Geometry of Determinant, Determinant of 2 by 2 matrix, Determinant of
3 by 3 matrix, Computation of Determinant, Row/Column operations, Co-
factor expansion, Combination of two methods, Properties of Determinant,
Inevitability and determinant, Cramer’s rule, Eigenvalue and Eigenvector,
Computation of Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Diagonalization, Discrete dy-
namical system. Linear Transformation and Matrix : Vector and Matrix,
Some matrix notations and terminologies, Linear Transformation, Trans-
formation Extra: Root-Polynomial transformation, Matrix transformation,
Linearity in picture,Matrix of a linear transformation, Composition and
Matrix Multiplication, Composition of transformations, Multiplication of
matricesExtra:Composition of linear transformations is linear, Properties of
matrix multiplication, Composition/multiplication mixed with addition and
scalar multiplication, Inverse transformationExtra:Criterion for inevitability
of a transformation, Inverse matrix, Inverse of 2 by 2 matrix, Computa-
tion of inverse matrix Vector Space: Vector Space, Proofs in vector space,
Subspace, Range and Column Space, Kernel and Null Space, Structure of
solutions of general linear equations, Span, Definition and relation to ex-
istence, Geometric intuition of span, Properties of spanExtra:Properties of
span, Linear Independence, Geometric intuition of linear independence, Ba-
sis, Dimension, Properties of dimension, Computation of Basis, Basis of null
space, Basis of column space, Rank and Nullity, Rank and nullity for ma-
trix, Properties of rank and nullityExtraProperties of rank and nullity, Rank
and nullity for linear transformation, Change of Basis, Matrix for change of
coordinates, Computing the matrix for change of coordinates, Matrix for
linear transformation.
Recommended Books
1. K. Kuttler, Elementary Linear Algebra, ISBN: 978-87-403-1425-0.
2. L. Mirsky, An Introduction to Linear Algebra, Dover Publications,

INC.
41
3. G .Strang, Introduction to Linear Algebra, Wellesley Cambridge Press;
4th Edition,2009.
4. D. Easdown, A First Course in Linear Algebra, Pearson Australia, 3rd

Edition, 2011.
5. B.K.David, Elementary Linear Algebra with Application, Prentice

Hall PTR, 9th edition. 2007.
Waves and Oscillations

Prerequisite(s): Mechanics-II
Objectives: The objective of this course is to apprehend basic concepts
of waves and oscillations like simple harmonic motion, forced harmonic mo-
tion, coupled oscillations, wave types and their interference and diffraction
Oscillatory Motion: Motion of an Object Attached to a spring. The
particle in Simple Harmonic Motion. Energy of the Simple Harmonic Oscil-
lator. Comparing Simple Harmonic Motion with Uniform Circular Motion.
The Pendulum. Damped Oscillations. Forced Oscillations Wave Motion:
Propagation of a Disturbance. The traveling wave model. The Speed of
Waves on Strings. Reflection and Transmission. Rate of Energy Transfer
by Sinusoidal Waves on Strings. The Linear Wave Equation. Sound Waves:
Speed of Sound Waves. Periodic Sound Waves. Intensity of Periodic Sound
Waves. The Doppler Effect. Digital Sound Recording. Motion Picture
Sound. Superposition and Standing Waves: Superposition and Interference.
Standing Waves. Standing Waves in a String Fixed at Both Ends. Res-
onance. Standing Waves in Air Columns. Standing Waves in Rods and
Membranes. Beats: Interference in Time. Non-sinusoidal Wave Patterns.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Know important concepts and phenomena PLO-2,4
linked to waves and oscillations,mastering
the modeling of such systems and be able
to do analytical and numerical calculations.
CLO-2 Being able to recognize and use a mathemat- PLO-5
ical wave equation.
42
Recommended Books:



5th edition

Edition, 2010

Electricity and Magnetism-II

Prerequisite(s): Electricity and Magnetism-I
Objectives: The purpose of this course is to make students understand
advanced concepts of electricity and magnetism like Hall Effect, Solenoids
and Toroids, Faraday?s Law of Induction, Lenz’s Law, hysteresis and mag-
netic properties of materials
Magnetic Fields: Magnetic Field and Forces. Motion of a charged par-
ticle in a uniform magnetic field. Application involving charged particles
moving in a magnetic field. Magnetic Force Acting on a Current-Carrying
Conductor. Torque on a Current Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field. The
Hall Effect. Sources of Magnetic Field: The Biot-Savart Law. The Magnetic
Force Between Two Parallel Conductors. Ampere’s Law. The Magnetic
Field of a Solenoid. Magnetic Flux. Gauss’s Law in Magnetism. Magnetism
in Matter. The Magnetic Field of the Earth. Faraday’s Law : Faraday’s Law
of Induction. Motional emf. Lenz’s Law. Induced emf and Electric Fields.
Generators and Motors. Eddy Currents. Inductance: Self-Inductance and
inductance. RL Circuits. Energy in a Magnetic Field. Mutual Inductance.
Oscillations in an LC Circuit. The RLC Circuit. Alternating Current Cir-
cuits: AC Sources. Resistors in an AC Circuit. Inductors in an AC Circuit.
Capacitors in an AC Circuit. The RLC Series Circuit. Power in an AC
Circuit. Resonance in a Series RLC Circuit. The Transformer and Power
Transmission. Rectifiers and Filters. Electromagnetic Waves: Displacement
current and the general form of Ampere?s law. Maxwell’s Equations and
43
Hertz’s Discoveries. Plane Electromagnetic Waves. Energy Carried by Elec-
tromagnetic Waves. Momentum and Radiation Pressure. Production of
Electromagnetic Waves by an Antenna. The spectrum of electromagnetic
waves.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Apply knowledge of electricity and mag- PLO-2,3
netism to explain natural physical processes
and related technological advances.
CLO-2 Write a project on an application or a nat- PLO-1,2,9
ural phenomenon based on the fundamental
laws of electricity and magnetism.
Recommended Books:



5th edition

Edition, 2010

Waves and Oscillations Lab

Objectives: The purpose of this lab course is to impart students prac-
tical knowledge of harmonic motion, laws of vibration, Doppler effect,
1. Study of the parameter of wave i.e. amplitude, phase and time period
of a complex signal by CRO.
2. To study the combinations of harmonic motion (Lissajous figures).
44
3. To study the parameters of waves (Beats phenomenon).
4. To study the laws of vibration of stretched string using sonometer
5. Investigating the Doppler effect with ultrasonic waves
6. Kundt’s tube: determining the wavelength of sound with the cork-

powder method
7. Determining the wavelength of standing sound waves
8. Coupled oscillators
9. Determining the wavelength of standing sound waves Resonance expt.

using tuning fork

with PLOs
CLO-1 Graduated successfully explain practically PLO-1,3
different parameter of wave & Oscillation.
CLO-2 Will be able to demonstrate use of physical PLO-2,7
principles of wave & Oscillation through lab
experiments.
CLO-3 Conduct experiments on basic knowledge of PLO-1,4
wave & Oscillation to explain varies phenom-
ena of the field.
Recommended Books:


Probability and Statistics

Objective: This course is to introduce the notions of probability and
statistics to enable students to apply in the different fields of actions in
45
physics. The concepts of data preparation and analysis is the key feature of
this course.
Course Learning Outcomes: On completion of this course, the student
is enable to:
• The data and its interpretation.
• Analysis of data and summarizing the reports.
• Core concepts of probability and applications.
What is Statistics? Definition of Statistics, Population, sample Descrip-

tive and inferential Statistics, Role of statistics in physics, Observations,
Data, Discrete and continuous variables, Errors of measurement, Signifi-
cant digits, Rounding of a Number, Collection of primary and secondary
data, Sources, Editing of Data. Exercises. Presentation of Data Intro-
duction, basic principles of classification and Tabulation, Constructing of a
frequency distribution, Relative and Cumulative frequency distribution, Di-
agrams, Graphs and their Construction, Bar charts, Pie chart, Histogram,
Frequency polygon and Frequency curve, Cumulative Frequency Polygon or
Ogive, Histogram, Ogive for Discrete Variable. Types of frequency curves.
Exercises. Measures of Central Tendency: Introduction, Different types of
Averages, Quintiles, The Mode, Empirical Relation between Mean, Median
and mode, Relative Merits and Demerits of various Averages. Properties of
Good Average, Box and Whisker Plot, Stem and Leaf Display, definition of
outliers and their detection. Exercises. Measures of Dispersion Introduction,
Absolute and relative measures, Range, The semi-Inter-quartile Range, The
Mean Deviation, The Variance and standard deviation, Change of origin
and scale, Interpretation of the standard Deviation, Coefficient of variation,
Properties of variance and standard Deviation, Standardized variables, Mo-
ments and Moments ratios. Exercises. Regression and Correlation: Intro-
duction, cause and effect relationships, examples, simple linear regression,
estimation of parameters and their interpretation. r and R2. Correlation.
Coefficient of linear correlation, its estimation and interpretation. Multi-
ple regression and interpretation of its parameters. Examples. Probability
and Random Variable.: Introduction to probability, sample Space, Events,
Lows of probability with their applications, Conditional probability, depen-
dent and independent events, Bays theorem and its applications. Random
variable discrete and continuous random variable with their application.
Mathematical Expectation, Mean, Variance etc. Statistical Packages and
data analysis.:SPSS software, Data analysis on excel and E Views etc.
46
Recommended Books:
1. R.E. Walpole, Introduction to Statistics., Macmillan Publishing Co.,

Inc. New York, 3rd Ed, 1982.
2. F. Muhammad, Statistical Methods and Data Analysis, Kitab Markaz,

Bhawana Bazar Faisalabad, 2005.
3. B L Agarwal, Basic Statistics? New Age International, 2006.
4. Carver, Nash, Doing Data Analysis with SPSS version 14.
Introduction to Computer Program and Applica-

tions
Objectives: This course aims to introduce students to foundational
knowledge about:
• The fundamental concepts of structured and modular programming.
• The conceptual building blocks necessary for programming.
• Basic computer programming skills.
• Designing accurate, objective & logical solutions for different program-

ming problems.
Course Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course

students should be able to:
• Analyze simple computing problems.
• Devise suitable algorithmic solutions.
• Code these algorithmic solutions in a computer programming lan-

guage.
• To correct, test and debug programs
• To explain how algorithms and programs work.
47
Programming: Introduction to programming, Programming languages,
Types of Languages Introduction To C Language: About C, C and Unix,
Common C and ANSI C, Quick, Overview Of C, Setting up the Integrated
Development Environment, Files used in c program development, Using
IDE, Basic structure and construction of the program, Running the Pro-
gram, White spaces, String constants, Directives, Pre-processor directive,
Header files, Escape Sequences C Building Blocks : Variables, Variable
Names Variables (scope and visibility) Variables naming rules, Constants,
Comments and its types, Input and output streams, Data types and their
memory representation, Constant and identifiers, Escape sequence, Format
specifiers, Character constants, Expression Operators and its types, prece-
dence, Flow charts and its examples Loops: Loops definitions Types of loops
For Loop syntax , flow charts and examples Nested Loops While loop defini-
tion, syntax and examples Do-while loop definition syntax and examples De-
cisions: Decisions definition, syntax, flow chart, examples Types of decisions
Syntax, flowchart and examples of if, if else, if else if else and switch, Break
and continue, The Conditional Operator, Go to statements Functions: Func-
tions definition, declaration and its uses, Simple function, Parts of functions,
Types of functions (user defined and pre defined), Types of user defined
functions, Returning values from function, pass arguments from function
(constant, values and variables), Overloading functions, Macros and header,
files pre-processor, directive Prototype versus classical K & R, Default argu-
ments, Types of variables (local, global, static and const), Scope of variables
Arrays and Strings: Arrays definition, syntax and example, Initialization of
array, Accessing Array elements, Passing array to functions, One dimension
Array and multidimensional Array, Array of structure, Structure of Array
String and its initialization, Get string and put string operations, Array
of Strings, Pass an entire array from a function. String operations String
comparison. String concatenation, String copy, length of string function.
Introduction to Structures, Unions, Pointers, Files.
Recommended Books:
1. Y. Kanetkar, Let us C, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 10th ed. 2010.
2. Dietel & Dietel, C How To Program, Prentice Hall; 7th ed. 2012.
3. Waite Group, Turbo C Programming for the PC.
48
Introduction to Computer Program and Applica-
tions Lab
1. To perform scanning a number and showing on output screen
2. To perform squaring of a number.
3. To perform in C-language finding percentage b/w two numbers.
4. To perform in C-language converting your age into minutes.
5. To perform in C-Language sum, subtraction, multiplication and divi-

sion of two
6. Finding the area of a circle through the C-programming language
7. printing your name, age and height through the C-Language
8. In C-Programming language 9 use of if statement
9. To convert Fahrenheit temperature into Celsius temperature
10. To print square of every number from one (1) to nine (9) by using for
loop
11. To find factorial of any number by using for loop.
12. To print? *? increasing one time line by line by using for loop.
13. To print multiplication of two numbers in limited values by using for

loop
14. To print a table of your desired number from one (1) to your desired
limit by using for loop.
15. To check and print the numbers from one (1) to hundred (100) either
number is even or odd.
Recommended Books:
1. Y. Kanetkar, Let us C, Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 10th ed. 2010.
2. Dietel & Dietel, C How To Program, Prentice Hall; 7th ed. 2012.
3. Waite Group, Turbo C Programming for the PC.
49
Technical Writing and Presentation Skills
Objectives: To enable the students to write a research paper / technical
report in a succinct manner according to a specified format.
• Students will be able to learn fundamental skills of giving presentation
through reading, writing, speaking and listening.
• Students will be able to get comprehension of Essay writing such as

Descriptive, narrative, discursive, argumentative.
• Students will be able to learn how to write a proposal for research pa-
per/term paper with particular emphasis on style, content, language,
form, clarity, consistency.
Presentation skills, Essay writing, Descriptive, narrative, discursive, ar-
gumentative, Academic writing How to write a proposal for research pa-
per/term paper. How to write a research paper/term paper (emphasis on
style, content, language, form, clarity, consistency), Technical Report writ-
ing, Note: Extensive reading is required for vocabulary building
Recommended Books:
1. R. White, Writing. Advanced, Oxford Supplementary Skills. Third
Impression 1992. (particularly suitable for discursive, descriptive, ar-
gumentative and report writing).
2. J. Langan. College Writing Skills, McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

2004.
3. L. G. Kirszner and S. R. Mandell. Patterns of College Writing, 4th

edition St. Martin’s Press.
4. The Mercury Reader. A Custom Publication. Compiled by northern

Illinois University. General Editors: Janice Neulib; Kathleen Shine
Cain; Stephen Ruffus and Maurice Scharton.
Differential Equations
Prerequisite(s): Linear Algebra
Objectives: To introduce students to the formulation, classification of
differential equations and existence and uniqueness of solutions. To provide
50
skill in solving initial value and boundary value problems. To develop un-
derstanding and skill in solving first and second order linear homogeneous
and nonhomogeneous differential equations.
Course Learning Outcomes: A student who successfully completes
this course should know:
• Introduction to the terms related with the subject Ordinary Differen-
tial Equations.
• Formation of differential equations in different physical problems.
• Few methods for solving the differential equations.
• Few well known differential models and there solutions
Ordinary Differential Equations of the First Order: Geometrical Consid-
erations, Isoclines, Separable Equations, Equations Reducible to Separable
Form, Exact Differential Equations, Integrating Factors, Linear First-Order
Differential Equations, variation of Parameters. Ordinary Linear Differential
Equations; Homogeneous Linear Equations of the Second Order, Homoge-
neous Second-Order Equations with Constant Coefficients, General Solution,
Real Roots, Complex Roots, Double Root of the Characteristic Equation,
Differential Operators, Cauchy Equation, Homogeneous Linear Equations of
Arbitrary Order, Homogeneous Linear Equations of Arbitrary Order with
Constant Coefficients, Non-homogeneous Linear Equations. Modelling of
Electrical Circuits. Systems of Differential Equations. Series Solutions of
Differential Equations. Partial Differential Equations: Method of Separa-
tion of variables, wave, Heat & Laplace equations and their solutions by
Fourier series method.
Recommended Books:
1. G. Michael, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Prentice Hall Pub-
lishers, 1996.
2. K. Erwin, Advanced Engineering Mathematics, John Wiley & Sons
Inc. 1993.
3. Z. Prindle. Weber. Schmidt, A First Course in Differential Equation,
Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1996.
4. D..G. Zill, Michael, R. Cullen, Differential Equations with Boundary-
Value Problems, Brooks/Cole Publishing, 1996.
5. C. H. Edwards. E. David, Elementary Differential Equations with
Applications, Penney, Prentice Hall, 1993.
51
Optics
Prerequisite(s): Waves and Oscillations
Objectives: The objective of this course is to study nature of light, its
interaction with optical tools, image formation, microscope principle, inter-
ference of light waves, diffraction and polarization.
The Nature of Light and the Laws of Geometric Optics: The Nature
of Light. Measurements of the Speed of Light. The Ray Approximation
in Geometric Optics. The wave under Reflection. The Wave under Refrac-
tion. Huygens’s Principle. Dispersion and Prisms. Total Internal Reflection.
? Image Formation: Images Formed by Flat Mirrors. Images Formed by
Spherical Mirrors. Images Formed by Refraction. Thin Lenses. Lens Aber-
rations. The Camera. The Eye. The Simple Magnifier. The Compound
Microscope. The Telescope Interference of Light Waves: Conditions for In-
terference. Young’s Double-Slit Experiment. Light waves in interference.
Intensity Distribution of the Double-Slit Interference Pattern.. Change of
Phase due to Reflection. Interference in Thin Films. The Michelson Interfer-
ometer.?Diffraction Patterns and Polarization: Introduction to Diffraction
Patterns. Diffraction Patterns from Narrow Slits.Resolution of Single-Slit
and Circular Apertures. The Diffraction Grating. Diffraction of X-rays by
Crystals.Polarization of Light Waves.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Using basic knowledge of optics to solve com- PLO-1,3
plex problems that takes place in several ar-
eas atomic and molecular physics.
CLO-2 Be able to perform the basics tasks for re- PLO-1,9
search in these areas
Recommended Books:



5th edition
52
Edition, 2010

6. H. D. Young, P.W. Adams and R. J. Chastain, College Physics, Pear-

son; 10 editions
Modern Physics
Prerequisite(s): Mechanics-II, Electricity and Magnetism-II
Objectives: To understand the non-classical aspects of Physics, the
emphasis is on the applications of Quantum Physics in microscopic-scale
Physics, atomic and molecular structure and processes.
Relativity: The Principle of Galilean Relativity. The Michelson-Morley
Experiment. Einstein’s Principle of Relativity. Consequences of the Spe-
cial Theory of Relativity. The Lorentz Transformation Equations. The
Lorentz Velocity Transformation Equations. Relativistic Linear Momentum.
Relativistic Energy. Mass and Energy. The General Theory of Relativity.
Introduction to quantum Physics: Blackbody Radiation and Planck?s Hy-
pothesis. The Photoelectric effect. The Compton Effect. Photons and
electromagnetic waves. The wave properties of particles. The quantum
particle. The double slit experiment revisited. The uncertainty principle.
Atomic Physics: Atomic Spectra of Gases. Early models of the atom. Bohr’s
model of the Hydrogen Atom. The Quantum model of the hydrogen atom.
The wave function for hydrogen. Physical interpretation of the Quantum
numbers. The Exclusion principle and the periodic table. Spontaneous and
stimulated transitions. Lasers. Molecules and Solids: Molecular bonds.
Energy states and spectra of molecules. Bonding in solids. Free electron
theory of metals. Band theory of solids. Electrical conduction in metals,
Insulators, and semiconductors. Semiconductor devices. Superconductiv-
ity. Particle Physics and Cosmology: The Fundamental forces in Nature.
Positrons and other Antiparticles. Mesons and beginning of the particle
physics. Classification of particles. Conservation laws. Strange particles
and strangeness. Finding patterns in the particles. Quarks. Multicolored
Quarks. The standard Model. The cosmic connection.
53
with PLOs
CLO-1 Apply Modern physics knowledge in the ar- PLO-1,2,5
eas of optics and waves, special relativity and
quantum physics (developing the knowledge
capability dimension).
CLO-2 Analyse and solve problems in these areas PLO-2
(developing the critical analysis and problem
solving capability dimension).
CLO-3 Conduct relevant experiments, analyse data PLO-2,4
and report results in written form (develop-
ing the technical capability and communica-
tion dimensions).
Recommended Books:



5th edition

Edition, 2010

6. H. D. Young, P.W. Adams and R. J. Chastain, College Physics, Pear-

son; 10 editions.
7. A. Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, McGraw-Hill Higher Educa-

tion, 6th Edition
54
Optics Lab
Objectives: The objective of this lab course is to impart practical
knowledge of sextant, Newton’s ring, resolving power of a diffraction grat-
ing, specific rotation of sugar by polarimeter, Michelson interferometer and
determination of wavelength of the light of a He-Ne laser
1. To determine horizontal / vertical distance by sextant.
2. The determination of wavelength of Sodium D- lines by Newton’s ring.
3. The determination of wavelength of light/laser by diffraction grating.
4. Determination of wavelength of sodium light by Fresnel’s bi-prism.
5. The determination of resolving power of a diffraction grating.
6. The measurement of specific rotation of sugar by polarimeter and de-

termination of sugar concentration in a given solution.
7. Setting up a Michelson interferometer on the laser optics base plate
8. Determining the velocity of light using a periodical light signal at a

short measuring distance
9. Determining the wavelength of the light of an He-Ne laser using a

Michelson interferometer

with PLOs
CLO-1 Develop good experimental technique and PLO-2
skill in error analysis.
CLO-2 Effectively communicate experimental re- PLO-4,7
sults in optics and related field.
CLO-3 Reproduce some of the classic experiments PLO-2
in geometrical an wave optics.
Recommended Books:
55
Constitution and Legal System of Pakistan

Objective: The main objective of this course to give good knowledge
about Pakistan legal system and constitutional law
Course Learning Outcomes: On successful completion of this course,
students will be able :
• To know about legal system of Pakistan.
• To know about Constitutional law in Pakistan.
Legal system of Pakistan: This course aims to give students a good
knowledge of the Pakistani Legal System. It covers the historical background
of the legal system, the role of the legislature and the court system in Pak-
istan. The composition and functions of the Parliament and the Provincial
assemblies, the judicial system of Pakistan including the court structure and
the judicial process. Concepts such as statutory interpretation and judicial
precedent are covered together with Civil and Criminal processes. Consti-
tutional law in Pakistan: This will cover the entire Constitution of Pakistan
1973. However, emphasis would be on the nature of federalism under the
constitution, the distribution of powers, the rights and various remedies, the
supremacy of parliament and the independence of judiciary.
Recommended Books:
1. Harris, Phil, An Introduction to Law, 7th edn. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2007.
2. H. L. Hart, The Concept of Law, 2nd edn. Oxford: OUP, 1997.
3. Constitutional and Political History of Pakistan (2009). Karachi, Ox-
ford University Press.
4. Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010, Section 99 (with
effect from April 19, 2010).
5. Revival of Constitution of 1973 Order, 1985 (President’s Order No. 14
of 1985), Art.2 and Sch. item 53 (with effect from March 2, 1985.
56
Methods of Mathematical Physics-I
Prerequisite(s): Mechanics-II, Differential Equations
Objective: The objectives of this course are to introduce students to
the use of mathematical methods to solve problems in quantum mechanics,
electrodynamics and other fields of theoretical physics; and provide students
with basic skills necessary for the application of mathematical methods in
physics.
Review of vector analysis, rotation of coordinate axes, scalar product,
cross product, addition of vectors, divergence theorem, Green’s theorem,
Stokes’theorem, curvilinear coordinates, orthogonal curvilinear coordinates,
gradient in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates, divergence and curl in or-
thogonal curvilinear coordinates, Laplacian, spherical polar coordinates.
Determinants, matrices, orthogonal and unitary matrices, matrix diagonal-
ization, trace theorem, relation between determinants and traces. Com-
plex numbers, Euler’s formula, elementary functions, analytic functions of
complex variables, Cauchy-Riemann equation, harmonic functions, complex
integration, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor and Lau-
rent series, Contour integrals, singularities and residues, residue theorem,
poles on the real axis, branch points and integrals of multivalued func-
tions.?Tensors, coordinate transformation, rank of a tensor, covariant and
contravariant tensors,?Tensor algebra, metric tensor, Christoffel symbols,
equation of geodesic, Riemann tensor.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Be familiar with the main mathematical PLO-1,2
methods used in physics.
CLO-2 Apply mathematical methods/tools to solve PLO-3,4
complex physics problems.
Recommended Books:
1. G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber and F. E. Harris, Mathematical Methods for

Physicists: A Comprehensive Guide, Academic Press, Seventh Edition
2. T. L. Chow, Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A Concise Intro-

duction, Cambridge University Press , 1st or latest Edition.
3. C. W. Wong, Introduction to Mathematical Physics: methods and

concepts, (Oxford University Press, 2013).
57
4. M. Spiegel, S. Lipschutz, J. Schiller, D. Spellman, Complex Variables
(Schaum’S Outline), McGraw-Hill Education; 2nd edition
5. M. Spiegel, S. Lipschutz, D. Spellman, Vector Analysis (Schaum’S

Outline), McGraw-Hill Education; 2nd edition
Electrodynamics-I
Prerequisite(s): Electricity and Magnetism-II, Calculus-II
Objective: To become familiar with the physics of electricity, mag-
netism and electromagnetism. A major objective of this course is to train
the student in analytical and numerical problem solving skill.
Vector calculus: vector fields, divergence, curl, Laplacian, Gauss and
Green theorems. Force on a charge, work, energy. Conductors and in-
sulators. The concept of induced charge and surface charge, the force on
a conductor. Coulomb’s law, Electric field, electric field from continuous
charge distributions, Gauss’s law with applications, electric potential of a
localized charge distribution, Poisson’s and Laplace’s equation. Solutions
of Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations in Cartesian, spherical and cylindri-
cal coordinates. Boundary conditions and uniqueness theorem, methods of
images, charge between parallel plates, charge outside metallic sphere, in-
duced surface charges. Multipole expansion, potential due to electric and
magnetic monopoles and dipoles, electric and magnetic dipoles, fields at
long and short distances. Electric polarization and induced dipoles, bound
charges and field inside a dielectric, electric displacement, Gauss’s law in
the presence of dielectrics, electric susceptibility, permittivity and dielectric
constant, boundary value problems in linear dielectric medium, forces and
energy in dielectric systems. Lorentz force, magnetic induction, Biot-Savart
law, magnetic induction due to a long straight current carrying wire and for
a circular loop, Hall effect in semiconductors. Vector potential, applications
of Ampere’s law, multipole expansion of the vector potential. Introduction
to magnetostatics, magnetic field inside matter and the concept of auxiliary
field H. Ampere’s law in magnetized materials, magnetic susceptibility and
permeability. Linear and nonlinear media with boundary conditions.
58
with PLOs
CLO-1 Use the basic knowledge of electrodynamics PLO-1,2,4
to solve and understand other problems of
physics and solve them.
CLO-2 Have a deep understanding of the theoretical PLO-1,4
foundations of electromagnetic phenomena.
Recommended Books:
1. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, Prentice-Hall; 4th
Edition.
2. A. Zangwill, Modern Electrodynamics, Cambridge University Press,

1st Edition.
3. F. Melia, Electrodynamics, University of Chicago Press, 2001.
4. J. Hearld and M. Kristen, Electrodynamics, World Scientific Publish-

ing, 2nd ed. 2011.
5. J. D. Jackson Classical Electrodynamics, Wiley; 3rd editions, Third

Edition.
Classical Mechanics-I
Prerequisite(s): Mechanics-II
Objectives: To demonstrate knowledge and understanding the funda-
mental concepts in (a) the dynamics of system of particles, (b) motion of
rigid body, and (c) Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of mechanics.
To represent the equations of motion for complicated mechanical systems
using the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics.
Review of Newton’s laws and applications: Newton’s laws in Cartesian
and spherical coordinates. Motion of projectiles and charged particles in-
cluding effects of air resistance, motion of charged particle in electric and
magnetic fields. Linear and angular momentum: Single particle and system
of particles, conservation of linear and angular momentum. Energy: Poten-
tial energy, kinetic energy, conservative forces and time-dependent poten-
tial energy, linear one-dimensional motion, stable and unstable equilibrium.
Oscillations: Simple harmonic oscillations, two-dimensional harmonic oscil-
lator, damped harmonic oscillator, driven damped oscillator, resonance (Q
factor). Calculus of variations: The shortest distance between two points,
59
Fermat?s principle, derivation of Euler-Lagrange equation. Applications of
the Euler-Lagrange equation, Hamilton’s principle, conservation laws. Cen-
tral forces: Two body central force problem, center of mass and relative co-
ordinates, reduced mass, the equivalent one-dimensional problem, effective
potential, the equation of the orbit and the Kepler’s laws Coupled Oscilla-
tors and Normal Modes: Two masses and three springs, identical springs
and equal masses, coupled pendulums, normal modes, two weakly coupled
oscillators, forced oscillations of coupled oscillators.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Have a deep understanding of Newton’s laws, PLO-1
CLO-2 Be able to solve the Newton equations for PLO-2,3
simple configurations using various methods.
Recommended Books:
1. J. R Taylor, Classical Mechanics, University Science Books; null edi-

tion.
2. T. L. Chow, Classical Mechanics, CRC Press; 2nd edition.
3. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, 3rd. Ed., Addison Wesley, 2008.
4. S. T. Thornton,J. B. Mario, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Sys-

tems, Cengage Learning; 5 edition (July 7, 2003).
5. Fowles and Cassiday, Analytical Mechanics, 7th Edition, Thomson
Circuits and Devices

Objective: The objective of this course was to equip students with
concepts of electronics such as semiconductor diode (types, models and its
applications), semiconductor transistors (types and its application in vari-
ous configurations) circuit analysis, transistor biasing and its applications,
transistor equivalent circuits and models, integrated circuits and transistors,
voltage regulators and operational amplifiers.
Kirchoff’s voltage and current laws, the superposition principle, multi-
path circuits. Source transformation, maximum power transfer theorem,
60
Thevenin-Norton equivalent circuits, linear system analysis basics. Intro-
duction to semiconductors, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, temper-
ature dependence of carrier concentrations, electrons and holes. Basic prin-
ciples of PN junctions, built-in potential, and space charge layers, forward
and reverse bias, the diode equation. Ideal diodes, terminal characteris-
tics of junction diodes, modeling the diode forward characteristic, operation
in the reverse breakdown region. Rectifier circuits, limiting and clamping
circuits, special diodes (Zener and tunnel diodes) and applications. Bipo-
lar Junction Transistors (BJT), device structure and physical operation,
current-voltage characteristics, DC analysis and biasing techniques, small-
signal operation and models, single stage amplifier, transfer functions, BJTs
as a switch. Basic operational amplifiers, inverting and non-inverting, dif-
ferential modes, gain and bandwidth, frequency response, nonlinear appli-
cations. Op-amplifiers, RC Oscillator (e.g., Wien-bridge oscillator, triple
555timer, Multi-vibrators), LC oscillators (e.g., Hartley, Colpitt and Crys-
tal), low pass & high pass filters

with PLOs
CLO-1 Apply basic laws for solving electronic cir- PLO-1,3
cuits.
CLO-2 Understand how the main electronic circuits PLO-2,4
and devices work, and will be able to analysis
the Circuit with electronic devices.
CLO-3 Identify components and perform basic elec- PLO-1,4
tronics assemblies
Recommended Books:
1. A. S. Sedra and K.C. Smith. Microelectronic Circuits, publisher: Ox-

ford University Press, 5th Edition (2007).
2. D. S. A. Neamen, Semiconductor Physics and Devices, publisher: McGraw-

Hill Science/Engineering/Math, 3rd Edition (2002).
3. J. O. Bird, Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology, publisher: Newnes

(an Imprint of Butterworth ? Heinemann Ltd), 2nd Revised Edition
(2003).
4. T. L. Floyd , Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices & Applica-

tions, Pearson, 8th Edition.
61
Introduction to Computational Physics
Objective: The purpose of this course is to introduce student to com-
putational methods in physics. Understanding structure of a computer pro-
gram and applying it to solve well known problems in physics like projectile
motion, freely falling body, black body radiation and solution of ODEs.
Introduction: Computation and science, Computer algorithms and lan-
guages, Fundamentals of computers, Plotting tools (Gnuplot or Mathemat-
ica or Origin or Matlab) Structure of a computer program: Constants
and variables, explicit variable typing, Assignment statement and arith-
metic calculations, intrinsic functions, List directed Input and Output state-
ments. Program Design and Branching Structures: Use of pseudocode and
flowchart, Control Constructs Branches (the block IF construct, iterative
counting loops. Formats and Formatted I/O statements, The OPEN and
CLOSE statements. (Simulations of some basic physical problems,e.g., pro-
jectile motion and free fall body, finding the summation of Taylor series,
Black-body radiation, Bose-Einstein Distribution function, Radioactivity,
etc.) Introduction to Arrays and Subroutine: Declaring Arrays, Using Ar-
ray elements in computer code, Input and Output of Array elements, us-
ing Rank-2 Arrays. Subroutines, the Intent attribute, passing arrays to
subroutine, Sharing Data using Modules and Functions. Basic Numerical
Methods: Truncation errors and Taylor series expansion. Roots of Equa-
tions: Bracketing methods, Bisection method, False-Position method. Open
methods: Fixed-point iterations, Newton-Raphson method, Secant method
and modified Secant method. Writing computer codes for the roots of equa-
tion. Numerical Solutions of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE): Euler’s
method, Heun’s method, Runge-Kutta schemes for solving ODE.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Identify modern programming methods and PLO-2,4
describe the extent and limitations of com-
putational methods in physics.
CLO-2 Formulate and computationally solve a se- PLO-3
lection of problems in physics.
CLO-3 Use the tools, methodologies, language and PLO-5,7
conventions of physics to test and communi-
cate ideas and explanations.
62
Recommended Books:
1. S. J. Chapman, Fortran 90/95 for Scientists and Engineers, (McGraw-

Hill 2003).
2. . Theory and problems of Programing with Fortran 77 (Schaum’s

Outline Series).
3. S. C. Chapra, R. P. Canale, Numerical methods for engineers: with

software and programming applications, (McGraw-Hill, 2002).
Circuits and Devices Lab

Objectives: It is an introductory experimental laboratory that explores
the design, construction, and debugging of analog electronic circuits. Lec-
tures and laboratory projects investigate the performance characteristics of
diodes, transistors, and op-amps, including the construction of a small au-
dio amplifier and preamplifier. The course provides opportunity to simulate
real-world problems.
1. Design and study of Full-wave and Bridge rectifier and measure the
effect of filter elements on the DC output and ripple.
2. Design a voltage doubler supply and measure the DC voltage at key

points,
3. Draw the input and output characteristic curves of a transistor in

common emitter configuration and determine the hybrid parameters.
4. RC Network (lead lag integrated differentiator and RC Low pass and

High pass)
5. Design and study of the clippers and clamping circuits.
6. Design and construct power supply.
7. Design and study of a CE amplifier.
8. Design and study of a CB amplifier.
9. Design and study of a CC amplifier(Emitter Follower)
63
10. Design and study of transistor power amplifier.
11. Design and study of class AB push pull transistor power amplifier.
12. Design and study Class A, B, C and AB amplifiers
13. use common base, common emitter & common collector amplifiers
14. Design and study the circuit of 555timer
15. Design and study of a transistor RC phase shift oscillator.
16. Design of UJT relaxation Oscillator.
17. Design and study of AC voltage follower using Op-Amplifier.
18. Design and study of AC inverting amplifier using Op-Amplifier.
19. Design and study of AC non-inverting amplifier using Op-Amplifier.
20. Design and study circuit of op amplifier as a comparator
21. Design and study summing amplifier using Op-Amplifier

with PLOs
CLO-1 Understand the basic principles and abstrac- PLO-1,4
tions that are used to analyze and design
electronic circuits and systems.
CLO-2 Understand the language of electrical cir- PLO-3,4
cuit/devices and how to formulate and solve
basic electronics problems.
Recommended Books:
1. R. J. Higgins, Experimental Electronics, McGraw-Hill, Latest Edition.
2. T. S. Gray, Applied Electronics, John-Wiley and Sons, Latest Edition.
64
Methods of Mathematical Physics-II
Prerequisite(s): Methods of Mathematical Physics-I
Objectives: The objectives of this course are to introduce students to
the use of mathematical methods to solve problems in quantum mechanics,
electrodynamics and other fields of theoretical physics; and provide students
with basic skills necessary for the application of mathematical methods in
physics
Differential Equations in Physics: First and second order linear differ-
ential equations, partial differential equations of theoretical physics, sep-
aration of variables, homogeneous differential equations, Frobenius series
solution of differential equations, second solution, non-homogenous differen-
tial equations. Special functions: Hermite polynomial, Legendre and asso-
ciate Legendre polynomial, Laguerre polynomial, Bessel function, Neumann
function, Hankel function, Modified and spherical Bessel function, Gamma
function, error function. Fourier series: cosine and sine series, change of
interval, Fourier integral, complex form of Fourier series, Fourier transform,
Fourier transform of derivatives, convolution theorem, Laplace transform,
Laplace transform of derivatives, applications of Fourier and Laplace trans-
forms. Boundary value problem in physics: Boundary value problems and
series solution, the Sturm-Liouville problem, non-homogeneous boundary
value problem and Green?s function, Green?s function for one-dimensional
problem, Eigen function expansion of Green?s function, Green?s function
in higher dimensions, Green?s function for Poisson?s equation, quantum
mechanical scattering problem.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Be familiar with the main mathematical PLO-1,2
methods used in physics.
CLO-2 Apply mathematical methods/tools to solve PLO-3,4
complex physics problems.
Recommended Books:
1. G. B. Arfken, H. J. Weber and F. E. Harris, Mathematical Methods for

Physicists: A Comprehensive Guide, Academic Press, Seventh Edition
2. T. L. Chow, Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A Concise Intro-

duction, Cambridge University Press , 1st or latest Edition.
65
3. C. W. Wong, Introduction to Mathematical Physics: methods and
concepts, (Oxford University Press, 2013).
4. M. Spiegel, S. Lipschutz, J. Schiller, D. Spellman, Complex Variables

(Schaum’S Outline), McGraw-Hill Education; 2nd edition
5. M. Spiegel, S. Lipschutz, D. Spellman, Vector Analysis (Schaum’S

Outline), McGraw-Hill Education; 2nd edition
Electrodynamics-II
Prerequisite(s): Electrodynamics-I
Objectives: To become familiar with the physics of electricity, mag-
netism, electromagnetism, and electromagnetic waves. A major objective
of this course is to train the student in analytical and numerical problem
solving skill. Having completed this course the students will have sound
knowledge of the nature of electromagnetic waves and how they relate to
everyday phenomena.
Magnetic Fields in Matter: Magnetization, The field of magnetized ob-
ject, Auxiliary field H, Line and non linear media. Electromotive force:
Ohm’s law, electromotive force, motional emf, electromagnetic induction:
Faraday?s law, the induced electric field, inductance, energy in magnetic
fields, Maxwell’s equations: electrodynamics before Maxwell, how Maxwell
fixed Ampere?s law, Maxwell’s equations, magnetic charges, Maxwell’s equa-
tions in matter, boundary conditions. Conservation Laws: Charge and en-
ergy: the continuity equation, Poynting’s theorem, momentum: Newton’s
third law in electrodynamics, Maxwell’s stress tensor, conservation of mo-
mentum, angular momentum. Waves in one dimension: the wave equation,
sinusoidal waves, boundary conditions, reflection and transmission, polar-
ization, electromagnetic waves in vacuum: the wave equation for E and
B, monochromatic plane waves, energy and momentum in electromagnetic
waves, electromagnetic waves in matter: propagation in linear media, re-
flection and transmission at normal incidence, reflection and transmission
at oblique incidence, absorption and dispersion: electromagnetic waves in
conductors, reflection at a conducting surface, the frequency dependence of
permittivity, guided waves: wave guides, the waves in a rectangular wave
guide, the coaxial transmission line. Radiation, Dipole Radiation: What
is radiation, electric dipole radiation, magnetic dipole radiation, radiation
from an arbitrary source, point charges: power radiated by a point charge,
radiation reaction, the physical basis of the radiation reaction.
66
with PLOs
CLO-1 To describe, in words, the ways in which var- PLO-1
ious concepts in electromagnetism come into
play in particular situations.
CLO-2 To represent these electromagnetic phenom- PLO-1,3
ena and fields mathematically in those situ-
ations.
CLO-3 To predict outcomes in other similar situa- PLO-4
tions..
Recommended Books:
1. D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, Prentice-Hall; 4th

Edition.
2. A. Zangwill, Modern Electrodynamics, Cambridge University Press,

1st Edition.
3. F. Melia, Electrodynamics, University of Chicago Press, 2001.
4. J. Hearld and M. Kristen, Electrodynamics, World Scientific Publish-

ing, 2nd ed. 2011.
5. J. D. Jackson Classical Electrodynamics, Wiley; 3rd editions, Third

Edition.
Classical Mechanics-II
Prerequisite(s): Classical Mechanics-I
Objectives: The course has three major objectives: (1).To develop
familiarity with the physical concepts and facility with the mathematical
methods of classical mechanics. (2).To develop skills in formulating and
solving physics problems.(3).To develop the self-discipline and work habits
necessary to succeed in graduate school and in the real world.
Hamiltonian Mechanics: Hamiltons equation in one dimension, a bead
on a string, Atwood’s machine, Hamilton’s equations in dimensions, parti-
cle in a central force field, Hamiltonian of a particle in an electromagnetic
field, ignorable coordinates. Rotational motion of rigid bodies. Rotation of
the centre of mass, angular momentum about the centre of mass, kinetic
67
energy of the centre of mass and about the centre of mass, rotation about
a fixed axis, moment of inertial tensor and principle axes of inertia. Special
Relativity: Galilean Relativity, the postulates of special relativity, the rela-
tivity of time, time dilation, length contraction, the Lorentz transformation,
the relativistic velocity, the relativistic velocity addition, geometry of space-
time, four dimensional space time four vectors, the invariant scalar-product
the light cone, space like vectors, time like vectors, four velocity and four
momentum, energy, force in relativity, relativistic electrodynamics, Lorentz
transformation in electrodynamics, covariant electrodynamics.

with PLOs
CLO-1 How to solve the really hard problems with PLO-1
relative ease through Lagrangian Mechanics.
CLO-2 The theoretical foundation for advanced PLO-2,3
physics lies in Hamiltonian Mechanics.
Recommended Books:
1. J. R Taylor, Classical Mechanics, University Science Books; null edi-

tion.
2. T. L. Chow, Classical Mechanics, CRC Press; 2nd edition.
3. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, 3rd. Ed., Addison Wesley, 2008.
4. S. T. Thornton,J. B. Mario, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Sys-

tems, Cengage Learning; 5 edition (July 7, 2003).
5. Fowles and Cassiday, Analytical Mechanics, 7th Edition, Thomson
6. T. W. B. Kibble, F H. Berkshir, Classical Mechanics, World Scientific

Publishing Company, 5th edition 2004.
Quantum Mechanics-I
Prerequisite(s): Modern Physics, Classical Mechanics-I
Objectives: The primary objective of this course is to develop familiar-
ity with the physical concepts and facility with the mathematical methods
of quantum mechanics. A secondary, but still very important objective is to
cultivate students skills at formulating and solving physics problems
68
Historical motivation: wave-particle duality, photo-electric effect, insta-
bility of atoms, black body catastrophe. Observables and operators, postu-
lates of mechanics, measurement problems, the state function and expecta-
tion values, Schrdinger wave equation. Time-independent Schrodinger equa-
tion and one-dimensional problems, stationary states, superposition princi-
ple, free particles, infinite and finite square well, harmonic oscillator, and
delta-function potential. Hilbert space, Dirac notation, linear transforma-
tions, discrete and continuous basis vectors, unitary operators. Compati-
ble observables, commutators, uncertainty principle, minimum uncertainty
states. Time development of state functions, symmetries and conserva-
tion laws, conservation of parity, operators for time and space translations.
Waves incident on potential barrier, reflection and transmission coefficients,
WKB method. Quantum mechanics in three-dimensions, spherical forms of
Schrodinger equation, separation of variables. Rotational symmetry, angu-
lar momentum as a generator of rotations, spherical harmonics and their
properties. Completeness and orthonormality properties.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Have a deep understanding of the mathemat- PLO-1
ical foundations of quantum mechanics,
CLO-2 Be able to solve the Schrodinger equation for PLO-2,3
simple configurations.
CLO-3 Understand the effect of symmetries in quan- PLO-3
tum mechanics.
Recommended Books:
1. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Pearson Pren-
tice Hall; 2nd edition .
2. Nouredine Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications,
Wiley, 2nd edition.
3. Richard L. Liboff, Introductory Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley;
4th Edition.
4. B. H. Bransden, C.J. Joachain, Quantum Mechanics, Prentice Hall;
2nd edition .
5. James Binney , David Skinner, The Physics of Quantum Mechanics,
Oxford University Press; 1 edition.
69
Nuclear Physics
Prerequisite(s): Modern Physics
Objectives: The objectives of this course are to introduce students
to the fundamental principles and concepts governing nuclear and have a
working knowledge of their application to real-life problems; and to provide
students with opportunities to develop basic knowledge and understanding
of: scientific phenomena, facts, laws, definitions, concepts, theories, sci-
entific vocabulary, terminology, conventions, scientific quantities and their
determination, order-of magnitude estimates, scientific and technological ap-
plications as well as their social, economic and environmental implications.
History: Starting from Becqurel?s discovery of radioactivity to Chad-
wick?s neutron. Basic Properties of Nucleus: Nuclear size and mass, nu-
clear spin, magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moment, nuclear parity,
mass defect and binding energy. Nuclear Forces: Yukawa’s theory of nuclear
forces. Nucleon scattering, charge independence and spin dependence of nu-
clear force. Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model, Shell model, Collective
model and Fermi gas model. Theories of Radioactive Decay: Alpha decay,
Beta decay, Neutrino hypothesis, Gamma decay, and nuclear isomerism. Nu-
clear Reactions: Conservation laws of nuclear reactions, Q-value and thresh-
old energy of nuclear reaction, cross sections for nuclear reactions and type
of nuclear reactions. Elementary particles: Basic forces of nature, Neutri-
nos and anti-neutrinos, Fermions, Bosons, Quarks and other such particles.
Nuclear Radiation Detection: Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter;
radiations detectors; Charged Particle Accelerators: Type of particle accel-
erators. Elementary Reactor Physics: Nuclear fission and fusion, Controlled
fission reactions, and types of nuclear reactors.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Have a phenomenological understanding of PLO-1
strong interactions starting from QCD.
CLO-2 Be able to make quantitative estimates for PLO-3,4
nuclear phenomena in relation to the under-
lying microscopic theory.
CLO-3 Understand the importance of modern mod- PLO-5
els in describing the properties of nuclei and
nuclear collisions.
70
Recommended Books:
1. Kaplan, Nuclear Physics, Addison-Wisely, 1980.
2. Green, Nuclear Physics, McGraw-Hill, 1995.
3. K. S. Krane, Introducing Nuclear Physics, John Wiley, 3rd ed. 1988.
4. B. Povh, K. Rith, C. Scholtz, F. Zetsche,Particle and Nuclei, 1999.
5. Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics,1980.
Modern Physics & Spectroscopy Lab

Objectives: The main outcomes of this course to develop the exper-
imental background and correlate theoretical study with different experi-
ments in Atomic, molecular and Modern physics, General Physics, Modern
Physics & Spectroscopy
1. Determination of the specific charge of the electron.
2. measurement of dielectric constant.
3. Zeeman effect.
4. velocity of light.
5. wavelength (lambda) by grating.
6. Measurement of characteristic impedance. Angular frequency, stand-

ing wave ratio, etc.
7. FRANK-HERTZ experiment.
8. Recording the initial magnetization curve and the hysteresis curve of

a ferromagnet.
9. To study the characteristic curves of a G. M. counter and use it to

determine the absorption coefficient of β-particle in aluminium.
10. He-Ne Laser.
11. Millikan Oil drop experiment.
71
12. Determining Plank’s Constant.
13. Investigating the Hall effect in Silver.
14. Investigating the anomalous Hall effect in tungsten.

with PLOs
CLO-1 An overview of the fundamental ideas of PLO-1
modern physics and coverage of the princi-
ples of spectroscopy.
CLO-2 The areas covered include fluids, tempera- PLO-1,3
ture, heat, the kinetic theory of gases, en-
tropy, and the law of Spectroscopy, along
with the theory of special relativity, wave
particle duality, an introduction to quantum
mechanics, and atomic physics.
Recommended Books:
1. H. Mark and H.T. Olsono, Experiments in Modern Physics, McGraw-

Hill, Latest Edition.
2. A. C. Melissinos, Experiments in Modern Physics ,Academic, Latest

Edition.

Digital Electronics-I
Prerequisite(s): Circuit and Devices
Objectives: To introduce number systems and codes
• To introduce basic postulates of Boolean algebra and shows the corre-

lation between Boolean expressions
• To introduce the methods for simplifying Boolean expressions
• To outline the formal procedures for the analysis and design of com-
binational circuits and sequential circuits
72
Number systems and codes: Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal Num-
bers and their Conversions, Codes, BCD, GRAY, excess-3, ASCII, EBCDIC,
Even/Odd Parity Generator. Logic gates: Inverter, AND, OR, NAND,
NOR, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR logic gates, Universal property of NAND and
NOR gates, Combinational logic circuits. Boolean algebra and logic simpli-
fication: Boolean Operations and Expressions, Laws and Rules of Boolean
Algebra, DeMorgan?s Theorem, Simplification using Boolean Algebra, Kar-
naugh Map, Karnaugh Map SOP and POS Minimization. Flip-flops and
related devices: Introduction to Flip-Flops, R-S F/F, J-K F/F, D-Type
F/F, T-Type F/F, Master Slave J-K F/F, Flip Flop Applications, One-
Shots, 555 Timers. Counters: Asynchronous/Synchronous Counter opera-
tion, Up/Down Counter, Design of Synchronous Counters, Cascaded Coun-
ters, Counter Applications.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Apply Basic knowledge of Electronics to PLO-1
solve the problems in circuit and device.
CLO-2 Analyse and design combinatorial and se- PLO-2,3
quential digital electronic circuits and sys-
tems.
CLO-3 Build and debug digital electronic circuits PLO-2,4,9
and systems in a laboratory or assignment
setting, communicating and working with
student peers, demonstrators and technical
staff, and documenting experimental out-
comes.
Recommended Books:
1. Thomas L. Floyd , Digital Fundamentals, Pearson; 11 edition.
2. Larry D. Jones , Principles and Application of Digital Electronics,
Macmillan Publishing Company, (1993).
3. Roger Tokheim, Digital Electronics: Principles and Applications, McGraw-
Hill Education; 8th edition.
4. T. F. Bogart Jr., Glencoe, Introduction to Digital Circuits, McGraw
Hill (1992).
5. Bignell and Donovan, Digital Electronics, Delmar Thomson Learning,
4th Edition.
73
Solid State Physics-I
Prerequisite(s): Quantum Mechanics-I
Objectives: To become familiar with the physics of solids and the role
that electron and phonons and their interactions play in determining the
thermal, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of material.
Crystal Structure: Lattice, Types of Bravais lattices; Basis and primi-
tive cell. Crystal planes and their indexing. Simple crystal structures (Close
packed systems e.g. HCP; NaCl etc). Direct Imaging of crystal structures
using TEM (basic ideas). Reciprocal Lattice: Diffraction of waves by Crys-
tals (Bragg law). Scattered wave amplitude: Fourier analysis of scattering,
reciprocal lattice vectors, Von-Laue diffraction condition (Laue equations).
Brillouin zone: relation to Bragg scattering and determination for some sim-
ple structures. Fourier analysis of basis: Structure factor, form factor and
dependence of the diffracted intensity on the basis atoms. Crystal Binding:
Types of bonding in crystals: Ionic, covalent, metallic, hydrogen and van
der Waals bonding with examples from real systems. Energies of different
types of bondings; cohesive energies, Madelung constant, equilibrium lattice
constants. Basic ideas of elastic constants. Phonons: Crystal Vibrations,
Vibrations of crystals with monoatomic basis and diatomic bases, Lattice
waves, group velocity, long wavelength limit. Optical and Acoustic branches,
dispersion curves. Quantization of elastic waves, phonons, phonon momen-
tum. Thermal Properties: Phonon heat capacity: Planck distribution; nor-
mal mode counting, density of states in various dimensions. General result
for the density of states. Debye and Einstein models for the heat capacity.
Anharmonic effects e.g. thermal expansion, change of vibration frequencies,
and interaction between phonons. Thermal conductivity due to phonons;
Umpklapp and normal processes. Free Electron Fermi Gas: Introduction to
the properties of a degenerate gas of free Fermions (electrons). Energy levels
of a particle in a box; Fermi-Dirac Distribution; effects of temperature on the
F-D distribution; free electrons in various dimensions. Heat capacity of the
electron gas. Electrical conductivity and Ohm’s law. Motion in magnetic
fields; Hall effect. Thermal conductivity of metals. Electronic properties of
nanostructures (basic ideas).
74
with PLOs
CLO-1 Be familiar with the basic phenomena in PLO-1
solid state physics.
CLO-2 Understand the models that describe these PLO-2
phenomena.
CLO-3 Be able to make quantitative estimates for PLO-3
phenomena in solid state physics.
Recommended Books:
1. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, Wiley; 8th edition.
2. M.A. Omer, Elementary Solid State Physics: Principles and Applica-

tions, Addison-Wesley; 4th edition.
3. Neil W. Ashcroft, N. David Mermin, Solid State Physics, Cengage

Learning; 1st edition or latest.
4. J. R.Hook and H. E. Hall, Solid State Physics, John Wiley; 2nd edition
(1995).
5. Walter A. Harrison, Solid State Theory, Dover Publications; 1st THUS

edition (May 1, 1980).
6. Harold T. Stokes, Solid State Physics , Allyn & Bacon (April 1987).
7. M. A. Wahab, Solid State Physics: Structure and Properties of Mate-

rials, Alpha Science Intl Ltd; 2 edition (April 2005).
8. R. K. Puri and V. K. Babbar, Solid State Physics, S. Chand Publisher,

2004.
Thermal and Statistical Physics

Prerequisite(s): Heat and Thermodynamics
Objectives: The objective of this course is to develop a working knowl-
edge of the laws and methods of thermodynamics and elementary statistical
mechanics and to use this knowledge to explore various applications. Stu-
dents will relate these applications to topics in materials science and the
physics of condensed matter.
75
Review: First law of thermodynamics, equilibrium, functions of state,
internal energy; reversible changes, enthalpy, heat capacities, reversible adi-
abatic changes. Entropy, second law of thermodynamics, Carnot cycle; de-
termination of entropy in irreversible processes, the approach to equilibrium.
Microstates and macrostates, counting microstates, ensembles and ensemble
averaging, approach to equilibrium. Classical probability, Statistical prob-
ability, axioms of probability theory, probability distributions, discrete and
continuous distributions, binomial and Gaussian distributions, central limit
theorem, combinatorics. Microcanonical systems, definition of a quantum
state, entropy and equilibrium in a microcanonical system, the second law in
statistical form (S=klnW) Canonical ensemble, partition function, entropy
in canonical system, Boltzmann distribution, thermodynamical averages,
applications to single particle, factorization of partition function. Equipar-
tition theorem, free energy and its minimization, Gibbs and Helmholtz free
energy and applications. Maxwell distribution of molecular speeds, classical
probability of a state, Maxwell-Boltzmann probability distribution, density
of states in k-space, distribution of speeds in a classical gas. Black body ra-
diation, Rayleigh-Jeans theory, Planck distribution, free energy of a photon
gas, Stefan-Boltzmann formula, phonons. Systems with variable number
of particles, chemical potential, grand canonical ensemble, relation to ther-
modynamic variables. Identical particles, fermions and bosons, partition
function for identical particles, semi-classical approximations, identical par-
ticles localized on a lattice, thermodynamic properties of a Fermi gas, low
and high temperature regions, Bose condensation, applications to neutron
stars.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Explain statistical physics and thermody- PLO-1
namics as logical consequences of the pos-
tulates of statistical mechanics.
CLO-2 Identify and describe the statistical nature PLO-1,4
of concepts and laws in thermal physics.
Recommended Books:
1. R. Bowley and M. Sanchez, Introductory Statistical Mechanics, Oxford
University Press; 2nd edition.
2. H. Gould and J.Tobochnik , Thermal and Statistical Physics,Princeton
University Press.
76
3. K. Huang ,Introductory Statistical Physics, CRC, 1st Edition (2001).
4. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics, Waveland

PrInc, 2000.
5. C. Kittel and H. Kroemer ,Thermal Physics, Second edition, W. H.

Freeman (1980).
Quantum Mechanics-II
Prerequisite(s): Quantum Mechanics-I
Objectives: This course discusses quantum mechanics in the advanced
undergraduate level with vigorous mathematical treatment. It serves as a
core course for physics major students as well as an elective core for those
who are interested to gain a deep understanding of quantum mechanics and
to apply related techniques in their own majors.
Motion of a particle in a central potential. Separation of variables, effec-
tive potential, solution for the Coulomb problem. Spectrum of the hydrogen
atom. Spin as an internal degree of freedom, intrinsic magnetic moment, in-
trinsic angular momentum, spin-orbit interaction and total angular momen-
tum. Identical particles: Many-particle systems, system of distinguishable
noninteractingparticles, systems of identical particles, unnellingion postu-
late, Pauli exclusion principle and the periodic table. Time-independent
perturbation theory: Nondegenerate perturbation theory, degenerate per-
turbation theory. The variational principle: Variational theorem, variational
approximation method, the ground state of helium atom. The WKB approx-
imation: WKB wave functions, general connection rules across a classical
turning point. Time-dependent perturbation theory: A perturbed two-level
system, perturbation by an electromagnetic wave, transition into a con-
tinuum of states-Fermi?s golden rule, Oscillator strengths, selection rules.
Scattering: Classical scattering theory, quantum scattering theory, partial
wave analysis, phase shifts, the Born approximation. The adiabatic approx-
imation: The adiabatic theorem, Berry?s phase, the Aharonov-Bohm effect.
77
with PLOs
CLO-1 Have a deep understanding of the mathemat- PLO-2
ical foundations of quantum mechanics.
CLO-2 Be able to solve the Schrodinger equation PLO-2,3
using various approximation methods.
CLO-3 Have a basic understanding of relativistic ef- PLO-4
fects in quantum mechanics.
Recommended Books:
1. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Pearson Pren-
tice Hall; 2nd edition .
2. Nouredine Zettili, Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications,

Wiley, 2nd edition.
3. Richard L. Liboff, Introductory Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley;

4th Edition.
4. B. H. Bransden, C.J. Joachain, Quantum Mechanics, Prentice Hall;

2nd edition .
5. James Binney , David Skinner, The Physics of Quantum Mechanics,

Oxford University Press; 1 edition.
Advanced Physics Lab

1. To design and build a linear integrator to enable digitization of photo-
multiplier pulses, or to design and build a height-to-width converter.
2. Gain characteristics and spectral response of a photo-multiplier tube.
3. Radio frequency measurement. Skin effect, etc.
4. To prove the Rutherford law of scattering of charged particles.
5. Measurement of the spectrum of gamma rays from a radioisotope(e.g.

Cs) and study of their photoelectric and Compton absorption.
6. Source strength of Cobalt-60 by gamma coincidence methods.
78
7. Determination of the constituents of substance by activation analysis.
8. Determination of the charge on an electron by Millikan’s method.
9. The Frank-hertz experiment (Measurement of excitation potential of

Hg).
10. To study the Zeeman’s effect for a line in the spectrum of helium.
11. Experiments with microwaves. Study of their optical properties.
12. Electron-spin resonance (E.S.R.)by microwave absorption.
13. The measurement of the Hall’s effect in germanium and silicon.
14. Measurement of conductivity of Si and Ge as a function of tempera-

ture.
15. To determine the energy gap in silicon and Germanium.
16. Measuring the line spectra of inert gases and metal vapors using a
grating spectrometer

with PLOs
CLO-1 Recognize how observation, experiment and PLO-1,4
theory work together to continue to expand
the frontiers of knowledge of the physical
universe.
CLO-2 Communicate verbally, graphically, and/or PLO-2,5,7
in writing the results of theoretical cal-
culations and laboratory experiments in a
clear and concise manner that incorporates
the stylistic conventions used by physicists
worldwide.
CLO-3 Use classic experimental techniques and PLO-1,5
modern measurement technology, including
analog electronics, computer data acqui-
sition, laboratory test equipment, optics,
lasers, and detectors.
79
Recommended Books:
1. R. J. Higgins, Experimental Electronics, McGraw-Hill, Latest Edition.
2. T. S. Gray, Applied Electronics, John-Wiley and Sons, Latest Edition.
3. H. Mark and H.T. Olsono, Experiments in Modern Physics, McGraw-

Hill, Latest Edition.
4. A. C. Melissinos, Experiments in Modern Physics, Academic, Latest

Edition.

Digital Electronics-II
Prerequisite(s):Digital Electronics-I
Objectives: To introduce TTL, CMOS and codes , and to discuss
Programmable logic devices and their applications and finally to introduce
the concept of memories, programmable logic devices and digital ICs
Integrated circuit technologies: TTL Subfamilies and Characteristics,
CMOS Subfamilies and specifications, Interfacing TTL to CMOS, Emit-
ter Coupled Logic (ECL), Interfacing (ECL) to other Logic Families. Pro-
grammable logic devices and their applications: PLD Arrays and Classifica-
tions, Programmable Array Logic, Generic Array Logic, Sequential Logic
Applications of PLD?s Registers: Basic Shift Register Functions, Serial
In/Serial Out, Parallel In/Serial Out, Parallel In/Parallel Out Shift Reg-
isters, Bidirectional Shift Register, Shift Register Counters, Shift Register
Applications. Decoder, multiplexers demultiplexers & displays: Decoders,
Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Multiplexers and Demultiplexers ICs, Seven
Segment Display, Liquid Crystal Display, Making a 3-to-8 Decoder from
the Programmable Logic Devices. Interfacing: Digital and Analog Interfac-
ing D/A and A/D Conversion, Troubleshooting DAC?s and ADC?s Memo-
ries and introduction to computer: Microcomputer and its parts, Computer
Memory, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, Static RAM, Dynamic RAM,
Micro-controller.
80
with PLOs
CLO-1 Analyse and design basic digital electronic PLO-1,2,3
circuits and systems.
CLO-2 Explain and solve arithmetic problems using PLO-1,2,4
a variety of digital number representations.
CLO-3 Explain the characteristics of advance digital PLO-1
electronic circuit elements.
Recommended Books:
1. Thomas L. Floyd , Digital Fundamentals, Pearson; 11 edition.
2. Larry D. Jones , Principles and Application of Digital Electronics,

Macmillan Publishing Company, (1993).
3. Roger Tokheim, Digital Electronics: Principles and Applications, McGraw-

Hill Education; 8th edition.
4. T. F. Bogart Jr., Glencoe, Introduction to Digital Circuits, McGraw

Hill (1992).
5. Bignell and Donovan, Digital Electronics, Delmar Thomson Learning,

4th Edition.
Solid State Physics-II

Prerequisite(s):Solid State Physics-I
Objectives: To become familiar with the physics of solids and the role
that electron and phonons and their interactions play in determining the
thermal, mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of material.
Electron levels in a periodic potential: weak periodic potential, tight-
binding method, alternative band-structure calculations. The semi-classical
model of electron dynamics and conduction in metals, Fermi surface and its
measurement, band structure of selected metals. Dielectric properties of in-
sulators, response to an alternating field. Homogeneous and inhomogeneous
semiconductors, doping. Occurrence of superconductivity, destruction of su-
perconductivity by magnetic fields, Meissner effect, microwave and infrared
properties. London equation, BCS ground state, flux quantization, dura-
tion of persistent currents. Type-II superconductors, vortices, Josephson
superconductor tunneling, DC and AC Josephson effect, macroscopic quan-
tum interferometry, high temperature superconductors. Diamagnetism and
81
paramagnetism: Langevin equation, quantum theory of mononuclear sys-
tem, rare earth ions, Hund?s rules, iron group atoms, crystal field splittings,
isentropic demagnetization, nuclear demagnetization. Ferromagnetism and
anti-ferromagnetism: Curie point, exchange integrals, saturation magnetism
at absolute zero, magnons, neutron magnetic scattering. Ferrimagnetism,
Curie temperature and susceptibility below the Neel temperature, antifer-
romagnetic magnons. Nanophysics: imaging techniques including electron,
optical, scanning, atomic force microscopy.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Have a working knowledge of diagrammatic PLO-1
methods and Green’s functions in many
body physics.
CLO-2 Understand the renormalization group in the PLO-3
context of condensed matter Theory and un-
derstand the universal features of Fermi liq-
uids.
CLO-3 Know why topological field theories arise PLO-3
as effective descriptions of some condensed
matter systems.
Recommended Books:
1. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, Wiley; 8th edition.
2. M.A. Omer, Elementary Solid State Physics: Principles and Applica-

tions, Addison-Wesley; 4th edition.
3. Neil W. Ashcroft, N. David Mermin, Solid State Physics, Cengage

Learning; 1st edition or latest.
4. J. R.Hook and H. E. Hall, Solid State Physics, John Wiley; 2nd edition
(1995).
5. Walter A. Harrison, Solid State Theory, Dover Publications; 1st THUS

edition (May 1, 1980).
6. Harold T. Stokes, Solid State Physics , Allyn & Bacon (April 1987).
7. M. A. Wahab, Solid State Physics: Structure and Properties of Mate-

rials, Alpha Science Intl Ltd; 2 edition (April 2005).
82
8. R. K. Puri and V. K. Babbar, Solid State Physics, S. Chand Publisher,
2004.
Atomic and Molecular Physics

Prerequisite(s):Quantum Mechanics-I
Objectives: The objective of this course deals principally with atomic
structure and the interaction between atoms and fields. It covers electronic
transitions, atomic spectra, excited states, hydrogenic and multi-electron
atoms. The course also deals with the binding of atoms into molecules,
molecular degrees of freedom (electronic, vibrational, and rotational), ele-
mentary group theory considerations and molecular spectroscopy.
The hydrogen atom, the Schrodinger equation, solution of the angular
equation, solution of the radial equation, spin of the electron, spin-orbit
interaction, the fine structure of hydrogen, parity, selection rules, transi-
tions between fine-structure levels. Helium, the ground state of helium, ex-
cited states of helium, spin eigenstates, transitions in helium Many electron
atoms, shell structure and the periodic table, Theoretical models for multi-
electron atoms, The model of Independent Electrons, The Hartee method,
The Hartree-Fock Method, Configuration Interaction Couplings of Angu-
lar Momenta, LS coupling scheme, jj coupling scheme, hyperfine structure
and isotope shift. Atoms in External Fields, The Stark Effect, The Zee-
man Effect (normal and anomalous Zeeman effects). The Einstein A and
B coefficients, the laser, Pumping, population inversion, rate equations and
lasing conditions, optical resonators Fundamentals of Quantum Theory of
Chemical Bonding, The Hydrogen-Molecule Ion H2+, The Tunnel Effect,
The Hydrogen Molecule H2, Covalent-Ionic Resonance, Hybridization, The
π Electrons of Benzene C6 H6

with PLOs
CLO-1 Be able to give a view of the modern ex- PLO-1
perimental tools of Atomic- and Molecular
Physics.
CLO-2 Account for theoretical models, terminology PLO-1,4
and working methods used in atomic and
molecular physics.
83
Recommended Books:
1. B. H. Bransden and C. J. Joachain, Physics of Atoms and Molecules,

Pearson Education, 2nd ed. 2008.
2. W. Demtroder , Atoms, Molecules and Photons, publisher: Springer

(2005).
3. Christopher J. Foot, Atomic Physics (Oxford Master Series in Atomic,

Optical and Laser Physics), Oxford University Press; 1 edition 2005.
4. H. Haken and H.C. Wolf, The Physics of Atoms and Quanta, Springer
7th Edition (2004).
Digital Electronics Lab

1. Design and study of logic circuits.
2. Half and full adder circuits. Half and full subtractor circuits.
3. Parallel binary adders.
4. Parallel binary subtractor circuits.
5. Design and study of Up/Down counters.
6. Design and study of Decade Counter.
7. 7-Segment Decoder/Driver.
8. Synchronous Counters with Decoder/Driver.
9. Asynchronous Counters with Decoder/Driver.
10. Bi-directional shift registers.
11. Serial-in Serial-out shift register.
12. Serial-in Parallel-out shift register.
13. Parallel-in Serial out shift register.
14. Parallel-in Parallel-out shift register.
84
15. Combinational Logic using Multiplexer and Demultiplexer
16. Design a Regulated power supply
17. To study the response of a RC differentiator
18. To study the response of a RC integrator
19. To design & implement mono-stable multivibrator
20. To design & implement a-stable multivibrator
21. To design & implement bi-stable oscillator
22. To study and implement voltage divider bias, voltage amplifier, using
bipolar junction transistor
23. To design & implement bipolar junction transistor based and gate
24. using IC’s construct and study RS, JK (Master slave), T and D flip-
flops.
25. Design and study of a half and full adder with different Boolean ex-
pression using IC’s.
26. Design and study different combinational circuit (BCD adder,7-segment

decoder,comparater encoder, multiplexer circuits)
27. To study combinational lock and led sequencer circuits
28. Synchronous and asynchronous BCD counters, memory shift register

with IC’s.
29. Design and Study of decoder, encoder, multiplexer circuits and com-
pare the input output waveforms.
30. To construct and understand an operation of arithmetic logic unit and

study of different arithmetic logic operations.
Project
The course requires students to make a research review for collection of lat-
est developments in the research of a topic of their interest. Students will be
required to compile and write a bibliographic report and make a presenta-
tion. Instead of bibliographic report, a student may choose a small project
85
based on practical laboratory work. Student carrying out the laboratory
work will make a report and presentation.

with PLOs
CLO-1 Students will communicate effectively, both PLO-1,5,7,9
orally and in writing, and will able to
prove that they can think critically and
work independently while doing their senior
project/thesis.
CLO-2 Demonstrate a practical understanding of PLO-3,5,7
appropriate magnitudes for physical quan-
tities typical to applications in introductory
and high level physics.
CLO-3 Have made progress on a research project. PLO-9
Plasma Physics
Introduction to plasmas, how plasmas are produced, Debye length, plasma
frequency, number of electrons in a Debye sphere, the de-Broglie wavelength
and quantum effects, representative plasma parameters. Motion of a charged
particle in a static uniform magnetic filed and in the presence of perpendic-
ular electric and magnetic fields, gravitational drift, gradient and curvature
drifts. Motion in a magnetic mirror field, drift-motion in a time varying elec-
tric and magnetic fields, adiabatic invariants, conservation of Jin time inde-
pendent fields, the Hamiltonian method and chaotic orbits. Fluid equations
for a plasma, continuity equation, momentum balance equation, equation of
state, and two-fluid equations. Waves in cold plasma, Fourier representation
of waves, plasma oscillations, electron and ion waves, sound waves, electro-
static ion waves perpendicular to magnetic field, lower-hybrid frequency.
Electromagnetic waves for unmagnetized and magnetized plasmas, Alfven
waves, magnetosonic waves, and ray paths in inhomogeneous plasmas. In-
troduction to controlled fusion: Basic nuclear fusion reactions, reaction rates
and power rates and power density, radiation losses from plasmas, opera-
tional conditions.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to Plasma Physics, by Robert J. Goldston and Paul H.
Rutherford, publisher: Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and
Philadelphia; 1st Edition, (1995).
86
2. Introduction to Plasma Physics: with Space and Laboratory Applica-
tions, by D. A. Gurnett and A. Bhattacharjee, publisher: Cambridge
University Press; 1st Edition, (2005).
3. Introduction to Plasma Physics, by F. F. Chen, 1983 (Plenum).
Methods of Experimental Physics

Vacuum Techniques: Gas Transport: Throughout, Pumping Speed, Pump
down Time Ultimate pressure. Fore-Vacuum Pumps: Rotary Oil pumps,
sorption pumps. Diffusion pumps, sorption pumps (High Vacuum). Pro-
duction of ultrahigh vacuum, Fundamental concepts, guttering pumps, Ion
pumps, Cryogenic pumps, Turbo molecular pumps. Measurement of total
pressure in Vacuums Systems, Units pressure ranges, Manometers, Perini
gauges, The McLoad gauges, Mass spectrometer for partial measurement of
pressure. Design of high Vacuum system, Surface to Volume ratio, Pump
Choice, pumping system design. Vacuum Components, Vacuum valves, vac-
uum Flanges, Liquid Nitrogen trap, Mechanical feed throughs & Electrical
feed throughs Leak detection: Basic consideration, leak detection equip-
ment, Special Techniques and problems, Repair Techniques. Radiation De-
tection and Measurement: GM tubes, scintillation detector, channeltron,
photo multipliers, neutron detectors, alpha/beta detectors, x- rays/gamma
detectors, cosmic rays detectors, Spectrographs and Interferometers. Sen-
sor Technology: Sensors for temperature, pressure displacement, rotation,
flow, level, speed, rotation position, phase, current voltage, power magnetic
field, tilt, metal, explosive and heat. Electronics and Electronic Instru-
ments: Operational amplifiers, summing amplifiers, difference amplifiers,
Differentiators, Integrators, Logarithmic amplifiers, current to voltage con-
verter, Spectroscopy amplifiers, charge sensitive pre-amplifiers, Coincidence
circuits, Isolators, Ramp Generators, and single channel analyzer. Power
supplies, Signal Generators, Counters, Multichannel analyzer, Lock in Am-
plifiers, Boxcar averages. Computer Introduction: Introduction to com-
puters, GPIB Interface, RS 232. Interfacing, DA/AD conversion, Visual
c/visual Basic. Data Analysis: Evaluation of measurement: Systematic
Errors, Accuracy, Accidental Errors, Precision, Statistical Methods, Mean
Value and Variance, Statistical Control of Measurements, Errors of Direct
measurements, Rejection of data, Significance of results, Propagation of er-
rors, preliminary Estimation, Errors of Computation. Least squares fit to a
polynomial. Nonlinear functions. Data manipulation, smoothing, interpo-
lation and extrapolation, linear and parabolic interpolation.
87
Recommended Books:
1. F. James, Statistical Methods in Experimental Physics, World Scien-

tific Company, 2nd ed. 2006.
2. M. H. Hablanian, High-Vacuum Technology, Marcel Dekker, 2nd ed.

1997.
3. P. Bevington and D. K. Robinson, Data Reduction and Error Analysis

for Physical Science, McGraw-Hill, 3rd ed. 2002.
4. S. Tavernier, Experimental Techniques in Nuclear and Particle Physics,

Springer, 2010.
5. J. B. Topping, Errors of Observations and Their Treatment, Springer,

4th ed. 1972.
Introduction to Quantum Computing

Computer technology and historical background, Basic principles and postu-
lates of quantum mechanics, Quantum states, evolution, quantum measure-
ment, superposition, quantization from bits to qubits, operator function,
density matrix, Schrodinger equation, Schmidt decomposition, EPR and
Bell’s inequality, Quantum Computation: Quantum Circuits, Single qubit
operation, Controlled operations, Measurement, Universal quantum gates,
Single qubit and CNOT gates, Breaking unbreakable codes: Code making,
Trapdoor function, One time pad, RSA cryptography, Code breaking on
classical and quantum computers, Schor’s algorithm, Quantum Cryptogra-
phy: Uncertainty principle, Polarization and Spin basis, BB84, BB90, and
Ekert protocols, Quantum cryptography with and without eavesdropping,
Experimental realization, Quantum Search Algorithm.
Recommended Books:
1. M. A. Nielson and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum

Information, Foundation Books, 2007.
2. C. P. Williams and S. H. Clearwater, Exploration in Quantum Com-

putation, Springer, 2nd ed. 2011.
3. P. Bouwmester, A. Ekert, and A. Zeilinger, The Physics of Quantum

Information: Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Teleportation, Quan-
tum Computation, Springer, 2010.
88
4. R. K. Brylinsky and G. Chen, Mathematics of Quantum Computation
by Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2002
Quantum Information Theory

Review of Quantum Mechanics and overview of Quantum information: Pos-
tulates of quantum mechanics, quantum states and observables, Dirac no-
tation, projective measurements, density operator, pure and mixed states,
entanglement, tensor products, no-cloning theorem, mixed states from pure
states in a larger Hilbert space, Schmidt decomposition, generalized mea-
surements, (CP maps, POVMs), qualitative overview of Quantum Infor-
mation. Quantum Communication: Dense coding, teleportation, entangle-
ment swapping, instantaneous transfer of information, quantum key distri-
bution. Entanglement and its Quantification: Inseparability of EPR pairs,
Bell inequality for pure and mixed states, entanglement witnesses, Peres-
Horodecki criterion, properties of entanglement measures, pure and mixed
state entanglement, relative entropy as entanglement measure, entangle-
ment and thermodynamics, measuring entanglement. Quantum Informa-
tion: Classical information theory (data compression, Shannon entropy, von
Neumann entropy), fidelity, Helstrom’s measurement and discrimination,
quantum data compression, entropy and information, relative entropy and
its statistical interpretation, conditional entropy, Holevo bound, capacity
of a quantum channel, relative entropy and thermodynamics, entropy and
erasure, Landauer’s erasure. Quantum Computation: Classical computa-
tion (Turing machines, circuits, complexity theory), quantum algorithms
(Deutsch’s algorithm, Oracles, Grover’s algorithm, factorization and quan-
tum Fourier transform), role of entanglement in algorithms (search algo-
rithm), modeling quantum measurements, Bekenstein bound, quantum error
correction (general conditions, stabilizer codes, 3-qubit codes, relationship
with Maxwell’s demon), fault tolerant quantum computation (overview).
Physical Protocols for Quantum Information and Computation: Ion trap,
optical lattices, NMR, quantum optics, cavity QED.
Recommended Books:
1. V. Vedral, Introduction to Quantum Information Science, Oxford Uni-

2. M. Nielsen and I. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum In-

formation, Cambridge University Press, 10thAnv. ed. 2010.
89
3. W. Steeb and Y. Hardy, ?Problems and Solutions in Quantum Com-
puting and Quantum Information?, World Scientific Publishing, 3rd
ed. 2011.
4. Book on general quantum mechanics: A. Peres, Quantum Theory:

Concepts and Methods, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2002).
Introduction to Optoelectronics
Objectives: This course covers in details behavior of light and optical
means of data transmission and processing. This course may effectively be
utilized for courses and for research in the field of laser & fiber optics. Opto-
electronics is based on the quantum mechanical effects of light on electronics
materials, especially semiconductors.
FIBER OPTIC: Advantages of Optical Communication System. Op-
tical Fiber Waveguide, Light Propagation in Optical Fiber, Optical Fiber
Losses, Dispersion and Fiber Bandwidth, Types of Optical Fibers cables,
attenuation, Optical Components, Fiber Couplers and switches. Emitters
LED: Introduction to the phenomena of light production in Semiconductor,
Spontaneous emission and wavelength of light and quantum efficiency, dif-
ferent types of LED’s (EDGE and SLD etc), Different structure of LEDs,
OLED, QLED. Laser: Einstein relation, population inversion Lasing, three
and four energy levels, optical Absorption and Gain in Semiconductor Mate-
rials. Types of Lasers, gain guided & index guided lasers, QW & QD lasers,
Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser. Line width & band wdth, reliability,
spectral properties. Detectors: Principle of Photodetection, Photoeletric ef-
fect, used in photodiodes (including solar cells) Responsitvity and Quantum
Efficiency of a Photodiode, Types of Photodiodes, Biasing Techniques, PIN
& Avalanche photodiodes, LASCR, phototransistor, metal-Sc-metal photo-
diode, noise in photo detectors, optical modulation & amplification. Noise
Consideration.
Recommended Books:
1. IBM- Universtanding Optical Communication by Harry J. R Duton,

Int. Technical support organization (http : //www.redbooks.ibn.com)
First Edition Sept. 1998.
2. John. M. Senior, Optical Fibre Communiation: Practice and Princi-

ples.
90
3. Henry Zanger & Cynthia Zanger, Fibre Optic: Communication and
other Applications.
4. Govind P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication Systems, Third Edi-

tion, 2002, John Willey & Sons.
5. Semicondudtor Optoelectronics (Physics & Technology) By Jasprit

Singh, International Edition 1995, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
6. Laser Fundamentals, By William T. Silfvast, Cambridge University

Press, 1996.
Experimental Techniques in Particle and Nuclear

Physics
Review of Basic Concepts: Units used in particle physics, Definition used
in particle physics, Types of particles to be detected, Cross section, Decay
width, Lab Frame and CM frame, Pseudo rapidity, History of Accelerator,
Linear accelerators, Circular accelerators, Introduction to RHIC, Tevatron,
LEP, LHC. Introduction to Accelerators: Lattice and geometry, The arcs,
Periodicity, Aperture, Beam crossing angle, Luminosity, RF cavities, Power
requirements, Longitudinal feedback system, Injection, Injection scheme,
PS, SPS, Magnets, Cryogenics, Vacuum system. Introduction to Detectors:
Introduction to detectors, Need of detectors, Passage of radiation through
matter, Cross-section, Interaction probability in a distance x, Mean free
path, Energy loss of heavy charged particles by atomic collisions, Bohr?s,
calculation - classical case - The Bethe Bloch formula, Cherenkov radiation,
Energy loss of electron and photon, Multiple coulomb scattering, Energy
straggling, The interaction of photons, The interaction of neutrons. Gen-
eral Characteristics of Detectors and Gas Detectors: Sensitivity, Detector
response, Energy resolution The Fano-factor, The response function, Re-
sponse time, Detector efficiency, Dead time- Ionization detectors, Gaseous
ionization detectors, Ionization & transport phenomenon in gases, Transport
of electrons and ions in gases, Avalanche multiplication, The cylindrical pro-
portional counter, The multi-wire proportional counter, The drift chambers,
Time projection chambers, Liquid ionization detector. Scintillators, Pho-
tomultipliers, Semi-conductor Detectors: Scintillation detectors, Organic
scintillation, Inorganic crystals, Gaseous scintillators Glasses, Intrinsic de-
tector efficiency for various radiations, Photomultipliers, Basic construction
91
and operation, The photocathode, The electron-optical input system, Semi-
conductor detectors, Silicon diode detectors, Introduction to CMS and its
detectors. Detector Software and Physics Objects: Introduction to Linux
operating system, Introduction to CMS software (CMSSW), Basic infras-
tructure of software, Introduction to PYTHIA, Introduction to Gen, SIM,
DIGI, RECO, reconstruction of final state objects.
Recommended Books:
1. The Large Hadron Collider Conceptual Design CERN/AC/95-05 (LHC)
2. Detector performance and software, Physics Technical Design Report,

Volume1
3. Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments by W.R. Leo
4. R. Fernow, Introduction to experimental particle physics, Cambridge

University Press, 1989.
5. D. H. Perkins, Introduction to High Energy Physics, Cambridge Uni-

versity Press, 4th ed. 2000.
Electronic Materials and Devices

Semiconductor Fundamentals: Composition, purity and structure of semi-
conductors, energy band model, band gap and materials classification, charge,
effective mass and carrier numbers, density of states, the Fermi function and
equilibrium distribution of carriers, doping, n and p-type semiconductors
and calculations involving carrier concentrations, Efetc., temperature depen-
dence of carrier concentrations, drift current, mobility, resistivity and band
bending, diffusion and total currents, diffusion coefficients, recombination-
generation, minority carrier life times and continuity equations with problem
solving examples. Device Fabrication Processes: Oxidation, diffusion, ion
implantation, lithography, thin-film deposition techniques like evaporation,
sputtering, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), epitaxy etc. PN Junction
and Bipolar Junction Transistor: Junction terminology, Poisson?s equa-
tion, qualitative solution, the depletion approximation, quantitative elec-
trostatic relationships, ideal diode equation, non-idealities, BJT fundamen-
tals, Junction field effect transistor, MOS fundamentals, the essentials of
MOSFETs. Dielectric Materials: Polarization mechanisms, dielectric con-
stant and dielectric loss, capacitor dielectric materials, piezoelectricity, fer-
roelectricity and pyroelectricity. Optoelectronic Devices: Photoconductors,
92
photovoltaics and photodetectors, photodiodes and photovoltaics, solar cell
basics, LEDs, Lasers, displays, LCDs. Magnetism and Magnetic Materials:
Basics of magnetism, hysteresis loops, magnetic domains and anisotropy,
hard and soft magnetic materials, transformers, DC motors and data stor-
age.
Recommended Books:
1. R. F. Pierret, Semiconductor Device Fundamentals, Addison Wesley,
2nd ed. 1996.
2. N. Braithwaite, and G. Weaver, Electronic Materials, MA: Butter-
worth, 2nd ed. 1990.
3. S. O. Kasap, Electronic Materials and Devices, McGraw-Hill, 3rd ed.
2005.
4. R. C. O’Handley, Modern Magnetic Materials: Principles andAppli-
cations, Wiley Inter-Science, 1999.
5. D. Jiles, Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Chap-
man & Hall, 2nd ed. 1998.
Fluid Dynamics
Phenomenological introduction to fluid dynamics Kinematics and conserva-
tion laws Ideal fluids, the Euler equations, ir-rotational flow The Navier-
Stokes equations of Viscous flow: Stokes flow, drag, lubrication theory, thin
film flow Waves: surface waves, internal gravity waves, nonlinear waves.
solitons, shocks Instabilities: linear stability analysis, Kelvin-Helmholtz in-
stability, Rayleigh- Benard convection, other instabilities. Other topics de-
pending on interest and as time permits possibly: airfoil theory, granular
flows, biophysical flows.
Recommended Books:
1. D. J. Acheson, Elementary Fluid Dynamics, Oxford University Press,
1990.
2. P. K. Kundu and I.M. Cohen, Fluid Mechanics, Academic Press, 4th
ed. 2010.
3. D. J. Tritton, Physical Fluid Dynamics, Clarendon, 2nd ed. 1988.
4. L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifschitz, Fluid Mechanics, Butterworth-
Heinemann, 2nd ed. 1987.
93
Introduction to Photonics
Guided Wave Optics: Planar slab waveguides, Rectangular channel waveg-
uides, Single and multi-mode optical fibers, waveguide modes and field dis-
tributions, waveguide dispersion, pulse propagation Gaussian Beam Prop-
agation: ABCD matrices for transformation of Gaussian beams, applica-
tions to simple resonators Electromagnetic Propagation in Anisotropic Me-
dia: Reflection and transmission at anisotropic interfaces, Jones Calcu-
lus, retardation plates, polarizers Electro-optics and Acousto-optics: Linear
electro-optic effect, Longitudinal and transverse modulators, amplitude and
phase modulation, Mach-Zehnder modulators, Coupled mode theory, Opti-
cal coupling between waveguides, Directional couplers, Photoelastic effect,
Acousto-optic interaction and Bragg diffraction, Acousto-optic modulators,
deflectors and scanners Optoelectronics: p-n junctions, semiconductor de-
vices: laser amplifiers, injection lasers, photoconductors, photodiodes, pho-
todetector noise.
Recommended Books:
1. B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, John

Wiley, 2nd ed. 2007.
2. J-M. Liu, Photonic Devices, Cambridge University Press, 2009.
3. A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Photonics: Optical Electronics in Modern Com-

munications, Oxford University Press, 2006.
4. E. Hecht, Optics, Addison-Wesley, 4th ed. 2001.
Introduction to Materials Science

Atomic Structure of Materials: The packing of atoms in 2-D and 3-D, unit
cells of the hexagonal close packing (hcp) and cubic closed packing (ccp)
structures, interstitial structures, density computation, lattices and sym-
metry elements, indexing lattice directions and lattice planes, interplanar
spacing, lattices and crystal systems in 3-D, symmetry, crystallographic
point groups and space groups, Bragg’s law and the intensities of Bragg
reflections. Imperfections in Solids: Vacancies, impurities, dislocations, in-
terfacial defects, bulk or volume defects, atomic vibrations. Microstructure:
Microstructure and microscopy, pressure vs. temperature phase diagrams,
temperature vs. composition phase diagrams, equilibrium, thermodynamic
94
functions, variation of Gibbs energy with temperature and composition, gen-
eral features of equilibrium phase diagrams, solidification, diffusion mecha-
nisms, nucleation of a new phase, phase diagrams of Fe-C system and other
important alloys, materials fabrication. Mechanical Behavior of Materi-
als: Normal stress and normal strain, shear stress and shear strain, elastic
deformation, plastic deformation, Young’s modulus, shear modulus, Pois-
son’s ratio, elastic strain energy, thermal expansion, estimate of the yield
stress, dislocations and motion of dislocations, slip systems, dislocations
and strengthening mechanisms, fracture mechanics, ductile fracture, brit-
tle fracture, Griffith criterion, ductile fracture, toughness of engineering
materials, the ductile-brittle transition temperature, cyclic stresses and fa-
tigue, creep. Polymers: Polymer basics, polymer identification, polymer
molecules, additional polymerization, step growth polymerization, measure-
ment of molecular weight, thermosetting polymers and gels, rubbers and
rubber elasticity, configuration and conformation of polymers, the glassy
state and glass transition, determination of Tg, effect of temperature and
time, mechanical properties of polymers, case studies in polymer selection
and processing. Biomaterials: Introduction to biomaterials, materials se-
lection, biopolymers, structural polysaccharides, hard materials, biomedical
material
Recommended Books:
1. W. D. Callister, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction,
Wiley, 7th ed. 2006.
2. W. D. Callister and D. G. Rethwisch, Fundamentals of Materials Sci-
ence and Engineering: An Integrated Approach, Wiley, 4th ed. 2012.
3. J. F. Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers,
Prentice Hall, 7th ed. 2008
Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies

Introduction: Feynman talks on small structures, Nano scale dimension,
Course goals and objectives. Quantum Effects: Wave particle duality, En-
ergy quanta, Uncertainty principle, De Broglie relation, Quantum Dots,
Moore’s law, tunneling. Surfaces and Interfaces: Interfaces, Surface chem-
istry and physics, Surface modification and characterization, Thin Films,
Sputtering, Self- assembled films. Material Properties: Subatomic physics
to chemical systems, types of chemical bonds, solid state physics/Material
properties. Tools and Instrumentation: STM, AFM, Electron Microscopy,
95
Fluorescence methods, Synchrotron Radiation. Fabricating Nano Struc-
tures: Lithography (photo and electron beam), MBE, Self-assembled masked,
FIB, Stamp technology, Nano junctions. Electrons in Nano Structures:
Variation in electronic properties, free electron model, Bloch’s theorem,
Band structure, Single electron transistor, Resonant tunneling. Molecu-
lar Electronics: Lewis structures, Approach to calculate Molecular orbitals,
Donor Acceptor properties, Electron transfer between molecules, Charge
transport in weakly interacting molecular solids, Single molecule electronics.
Nano Materials: Quantum dots, nano wires, nano photonics, magnetic nano
structures, nano thermal devices, Nano fluidic devices, biomimetic materi-
als. Nano Biotechnology: DNA micro-arrays, Protein and DNA Assembly,
Digital cells, genetic circuits, DNA computing. Nanotechnology the Road
Ahead: Nanostructure innovation, Quantum Informatics, Energy solutions.
Recommended Books:
1. S. Lindsay, Introduction to Nanoscience, Oxford University Press, 2009
2. C. Binns, Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, (Wiley

Survival Guides in Engineering and Science), Wiley, 2010
Introduction to Particle Physics

Introduction to Elementary Particles: Fundamental building blocks and
their interactions. Quantum Electrodynamics. Quantum Chromodynam-
ics. Weak interactions. Decays and conservation laws. Relativistic Kine-
matics: Lorentz transformations. Four-Vectors. Energy and momentum.
Particle collisions. Mandelstam variables. Symmetries: Symmetries and
conservation laws, Spin and orbital angular momentum. Flavour symme-
tries. Parity. Charge conjugation. CP Violation. Time reversal and TCP
Theorem. Quantum Electrodynamics: Klein-Gordon equation. Dirac equa-
tion. Solution of Dirac equation. Bilinear covariants. Feynman rules for
QED. Casimir’s trick. Cross sections & lifetimes. Neutrino Oscillations:
Solar neutrino problem. Oscillations, Neutrino masses. PMNS mixing ma-
trix. Gauge Field Theories: Lagrangian in Relativistic Field Theory. Gauge
Invariance. Yang-Mills Theory. The mass term. Spontaneous symmetry
breaking. Higgs mechanism. Higgs boson. Grand Unification. Supersym-
metry. Extra dimensions. String theory. Dark energy. Dark Matter.
Recommended Books:
1. D. Griffiths, Introduction to Elementary Particles, Wiley-VCH, 2nd
ed. 2008.
96
2. F. Halzen and A.D. Martin, Quarks and Leptons: An introductory
course in modern Particle Physics, John Wiley, 1984.
3. D. H. Perkins, Introduction to High-Energy Physics, Cambridge Uni-

versity Press, 4th ed. 2000.
4. V. D. Barger and R. J. N. Phillips, Collider Physics, Addison-Wesley,

1996.
Computer Simulations in Physics

Programming for Scientific Computation: unix/linux basics, the editing-
coding-compiling-debugging-optimizing-visualizing-documenting production
chain, Fortran95. Numerical Programming: Functions: approximation and
fitting, Numerical calculus. Ordinary differential equations, Matrices, Spec-
tral analysis, Partial differential equations. Modeling and Simulation: Molec-
ular dynamics simulations, modeling continuous media Monte Carlo simula-
tions. Project: A project will be chosen by the student in consultation with
the instructor. Selection of the project should be done soon after the module
on modelling and simulation starts and continue over the course of the rest
of the semester. The final part of the course is reserved for presentation of
preliminary and final results.
Recommended Books:
1. T. Pang, An Introduction to Computational Physics, Cambridge Uni-

2. R. Landau, M. Paez, C. Bordeianu, A Survey of Computational Physics,

Princeton University Press, 2008.
Surface Sciences
Basics of Surface Science: Surface reactions, Heterogeneous catalysis, Semi-
conductor technology, Corrosion, Nanotechnology, Surface Structure and
Reconstruction: Classification of solids, Crystal structure, Unit cell, Bra-
vais lattices, Electronic Structure of Surfaces: Band structure of metals,
insulators and semiconductors, Fermi level, Screening, Work Function, Sur-
face States, Electron Affinity, Ionization Potential, Surface Chirality, Ther-
modynamics of Surfaces, Equilibrium Crystal Shape. Quantum confine-
ment of Electrons at Surfaces: Interference of Electron Waves, Quantum
97
size effects, Quantum wells, Mechanical Quantum Wells, Quantum Wires,
Chemist?s Approach, Bonds to Bands. Surface Dynamics: Nucleation and
growth of nanostructures and films, Surface Magnetism and magnetic imag-
ing, Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Anti-Ferromagnetism, Magnetism in
thin films, Kerr microscopy (MOKE), Spin Polarized Photoemission (SP-
PEEM), Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM). Surface Study Techniques:
Surface Sensitivity and specificity, Explanation and comparison of Low-
Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and Reflection High-Energy Electron
Diffraction (RHEED), Explanation of Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine
Structure (NEXAFS), High-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
(HREELS), Introduction to Desorption Techniques, Thermal Desorption
Spectroscopy (TDS), Electron Stimulated Desorption (ESD), Electron Stim-
ulated Desorption Ion Angular Distribution (ESDIAD), Photon Stimulated
Desorption (PSD), Electron Spectroscopy, Theory:Mean freepath, Koop-
man?s Theorem, Spin orbit coupling effects, chemical shifts, binding energy,
Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), X-Ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy,
Electron Analyzer, Electron optics, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM),
History, Theory, Electronics and applications. Case Studies: Silicon Sur-
faces: Geometric and Electronic Structure, Molecular Adsorption on Semi-
conductor Surfaces, Adsorption Properties of CO on Metal Single-Crystal
Surfaces, Molecular or dissociative adsorption, Chemical bonding and Ori-
entation, Adsorption Site as a function of coverage, Over layer long-range
order, Ammonia Synthesis, Oxide Surfaces. Photovoltaic and Organic Elec-
tronics: Different types of semiconductors (organic, inorganic, conjugated
polymers), Prototypes (OLEDs etc), intramolecular bonding, Van der Waals,
electronic properties, polarization effects, Field effect Transistors, basics of
excitonic solar cells.
Recommended Books:
1. A. Zangwill, Physics at Surfaces, Cambridge University Press, 1988.
2. D. P. Woodruff and T. A. Delchar, Modern Techniques of Surface

Science, Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed. 1994.
3. D. Briggs and M. P. Seah, Practical Surface Analysis, Vol-I, John

Wiley, 2nd ed. 1990.
4. J. B. Hudson, Surface Science, an Introduction, Wiley-Interscience,

1998.
5. H. Luth, Surfaces and Interfaces of Solids, Springer-Verlag, 2nd ed.

1993.
98
6. M. Prutton, Introduction to Surface Physics, Oxford University Press,1994.
Computational Physics
Computer Languages: A brief introduction of the computer languages like
Basic, C. Pascal etc. and known software packages of computation Numer-
ical Methods: Numerical Solutions of equations, Regression and interpola-
tion, Numerical integration and differentiation. Error analysis and technique
for elimination of systematic and random errors Modeling & Simulations:
Conceptual models, the mathematical models, Random numbers and ran-
dom walk, doing Physics with random numbers, Computer simulation, Rela-
tionship of modeling and simulation. Some systems of interest for physicists
such as Motion of Falling objects, Kepler’s problems, Oscillatory motion,
Many particle systems, Dynamic systems, Wave phenomena, Field of static
charges and current, Diffusion, Populations genetics etc.
Recommended Books:
1. M. L. De Jong, Introduction to Computational Physics, Addison Wes-

ley, 1991.
2. S. T. Koonini, Computational Physics, the Benjamin-Cummings, 1985.
3. H. Gould, J. Tobochnik and W. Christian, An Introduction to Com-

puter Simulation Methods, Addison Wesley, 3rd ed. 2006.
4. S. C. Chapra and R. P. Chanle, Numerical Methods for Engineers with

Personal Computer Applications, McGraw-Hill,1990.
5. S. C. Chapra, Applied Numerical Methods with MATLAB for Engi-

neers and Scientists, McGraw-Hill, 2nd ed. 2006.
Solid State Electronic Devices

Junctions and Diodes, pnJunctions , Thermal Equilibrium and the Built-In
Potential, Deviations from Ideal Behavior, Small-Signal Parameters, Tran-
sient Behavior and (Large Signal) Diode Switching, Metal-Semiconductor
Junctions, Metal-Semiconductor Barriers (Blocking Contacts), Metal Semi-
conductor Ohmic Contacts (Non-blocking ), Deviations from Ideal Behavior
, Small-Signal Parameters , Junctions types, Applications of Single Diodes
pn Diodes Schottky Diodes
99
Bipolar Transistors, Gain and Switching, Operation Modes of a Bipo-
lar Transistor, Characteristics, Ebers?Moll Model , Deviations from Ideal
Behavior, Small-Signal Parameters , Frequency Limits of Bipolar Transis-
tors Optimizing Bipolar Transistor Design and Performance, Performance
Versus Device Structure, Transient/Switching Behavior, Emitter Injection
Efficiency
Field Effect Transistors, MOS Capacitor System, Flat-Band Voltage,
Accumulation, Depletion, Inversion, Model for Charges in the Silicon Sub-
strate, Deviations from Ideal Behavior , Capacitance of the MOS structure,
MOSFETs, Long-Channel Theory, Re?nements and Extensions to Long-
Channel Theory, Subthreshold Conduction Small-Signal Parameters, Inte-
grated Circuit Applications and MOSFET Scaling, Comparison of BJTs and
MOSFETs, MOSFET IC Applications, MOSFET Scaling
Recommended Books:
1. Ben Streetman& Sanjay Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices ,
Pearson/Prentice Hall, 6th Edition, 2010.
2. Babu V Suresh, Solid State Devicesand Technology, Pearson Educa-
tion 2010.
3. Donald Neamen, Semiconductor Physics and Devices, 3rd edition,
McGraw-Hill 3rd edition, 2002
Environmental Physics
Introduction to the Essentials of Environmental Physics: The economic sys-
tem, living in green house, enjoying the sun, Transport of matter, Energy
and momentum, the social and political context. Basic Environmental Spec-
troscopy: Black body radiation, The emission spectrum of sun, The tran-
sition electric dipole moment, The Einstein Coefficients, Lambert - Beer’s
law, The spectroscopy of bi-molecules, Solar UV and life, The ozone filter.
The Global Climate: The energy Balance, (Zero-dimensional Greenhouse
Model), elements of weather and climate, climate variations and modeling.
Transport of Pollutants: Diffusion, flow in reverse, ground water. Flow equa-
tions of fluid Dynamics, Turbulence, Turbulence Diffusion, Gaussian plumes
in air, Turbulent jets and planes. Noise: Basic Acoustics, Human Percep-
tions and noise criteria, reducing the transmission of sound, active control of
sound. Radiation: General laws of Radiation, Natural radiation, interaction
of electromagnetic radiation and plants, utilization of photo synthetically
active radiation. Atmosphere and Climate: Structure of the atmosphere,
100
vertical profiles in the lower layers of the atmosphere, Lateral movement in
the atmosphere, Atmospheric Circulation, cloud and Precipitation, The at-
mospheric greenhouse effect. Topo Climates and Micro Climates: Effects of
surface elements in flat and widely unduling areas, Dynamic action of seliq.
Thermal action of selief. Climatology and Measurements of Climate Fac-
tor: Data collection and organization, statistical analysis of climatic data,
climatic indices, General characteristics of measuring equipment. Measure-
ment of temperature, air humidity, surface wind velocity, Radiation balance,
precipitation, Atmospheric Pressure, automatic weather stations.
Recommended Books:
1. E. Booker and R. Van Grondelle, Environmental Physics, John Wiley,

3rd ed. 2011.
2. G. Guyot, Physics of Environment and Climate, John Wiley, 1998.
Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials
Chemical and Physical Synthesis of Nanomaterials
Laser and Quantum Optics

Review of quantum mechanics, Dirac’s notation, Pauli spin matrices, electro-
magnetic waves and photons, wavelength and frequencies of electromagnetic
radiation. Spontaneous and stimulated emission, absorption. Maser princi-
ple, cavity, gain medium, population inversion, Boltzmann statistics, thresh-
old condition. Three-level laser, properties of a laser beams, black-body
radiation theory. Modes of a rectangular cavity, Raleigh-Jeans and Planck
radiation formula. Semi-classical treatment of the interaction of radiation
and matter. Radiative transition rates, Interaction Hamiltonian, dipole ap-
proximation, rotating-wave approximation, electric dipole moment, allowed
and forbidden transitions, ratio of the electric-dipole transition probability
to the magnetic dipole transition probability, transition cross-section, ab-
sorption and gain coefficients. Line-broadening mechanisms. Homogeneous
broadening, collision broadening and natural broadening. Wiener-Kinchine
and Parseval’s theorem. Inhomogeneous and Doppler broadening. Rate
equation approach to Laser theory, stationary solution, time-dependent so-
lution, Gain, loss and saturation parameters, lasing condition. Ray and
wave propagation in optical media. Matrix formulation of Geometrical op-
tics. Wave reflection and transmission at a dielectric interface. Diffraction
101
optics in paraxial approximation. Passive optical resonators, plane-parallel
(Fabry-Perot) resonator, concentric, confocal, generalized spherical and ring
resonator. Eigen-modes and Eigen-values. Stability condition, unstable
resonator, photon lifetime and cavity Q. Q-switching, electro-optical, and
acousto-optic Q-switches, saturable absorber Q-switch. Theory of mode-
locking, active and passive mode-locking. Laser excitation techniques, op-
tical, electrical, and chemical pumping, laser pumping, excitation transfer,
meta-stable states and lifetimes. Types of lasers, solid-state, dye and semi-
conductor lasers, gas, chemical, free electron, and X-ray lasers, laser appli-
cations.
Recommended Books:
1. Principles of Lasers, by OrazioSvelto, publisher: Plenum Press; 4th

Edition, (1998).
2. Laser Fundamentals, by William T. Silfvast, publisher: Cambridge

University Press, (2004).
Quantum Field Theory

Lagrangian Field Theory: Classical Field Theory. Canonical Quantization.
Noether’s theorem. Klein-Gordon Field: Real Klein-Gordon field. Com-
plex Klein-Gordon field. Covariant commutation relations. Meson prop-
agator Dirac Field: Number representation for fermions. Quantization of
Dirac field. Spin-statistics theorem. Fermion propagator Electromagnetic
Field:Classical electromagnetic field. Covariant quantization. Photon prop-
agator Interacting Fields: Interaction Lagrangian and gauge invariance. In-
teraction picture. S-matrix expansion. Wick’s theorem. Feynman Dia-
grams. Feynman rules for QED. Cross sections and decay rates.
Recommended Books:
1. F. Mandl and G. Shaw, Quantum Field Theory, Wiley, 2nd ed. 2010.
2. M. E. Peskin and D. V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Quantum Field

Theory, Addison Wesley, 1995.
3. S. Weinberg, The Quantum Theory of Fields, Vol. 1, Cambridge Uni-

4. N. N. Bogoliubov and D. V. Shirkov, Introduction to the Theory of

Quantized Fields, John Wiley, 1980.
102
Physical and Geometrical Optics
Light-A historical perspective, Production and measurement of light, Geo-
metrical Optics, The thick lens, Cylindrical lenses and astigmatism, Aberra-
tion theory, Controlling light through optical system, Optical instruments,
Light as waves, Interference phenomena, Interference applications, Polarized
light, Fraunhofer diffraction, Fiber optics, Non-linear Optics.
Recommended Books:
1. Optics and Vision, by L. S. Pedrotti and F. L. Pedrotti, Prentice Hall,

(1998).
2. Optics, by Eugene Hecht, Addison-Wesley, (1998).
3. Optics, by Benjamin Crowell, (2000).
4. Optics, by M. H. Freenan and C. C. Hull, Elsevier, (2003).
Introduction to Laser Physics

Spontaneous and stimulated emission, absorption. Maser principle, cavity,
gain medium, population inversion, Boltzmann statistics, threshold condi-
tion. Three-level laser, properties of a laser beams, Modes of a rectangular
cavity, Raleigh-Jeans and Planck radiation formula black-body radiation
theory. Semi-classical treatment of the interaction of radiation and matter.
Radiative transition rates, Interaction Hamiltonian, dipole approximation,
rotating-wave approximation, electric dipole moment, allowed and forbidden
transitions, ratio of the electric-dipole transition probability to the magnetic
dipole transition probability, transition cross-section, absorption and gain
coefficients. Line-broadening mechanisms. Homogeneous broadening, colli-
sion broadening and natural broadening. Wiener-Kinchine and Parseval’s
theorem. Inhomogeneous and Doppler broadening. Rate equation approach
to Laser theory, stationary solution, time-dependent solution, Gain, loss and
saturation parameters, lasing condition. Ray and wave propagation in op-
tical media. Matrix formulation of Geometrical optics. Wave reflection and
transmission at a dielectric interface. Diffraction optics in paraxial approx-
imation. Passive optical resonators, plane-parallel (Fabry-Perot) resonator,
concentric, confocal, generalized spherical and ring resonator. Eigen-modes
and Eigen-values. Stability condition, unstable resonator, photon lifetime
and cavity Q. Q-switching, electro-optical, and acousto-optic Q-switches,
saturable absorber Q-switch. Theory of mode-locking, active and passive
103
mode-locking. Laser excitation techniques, optical, electrical, and chem-
ical pumping, laser pumping, excitation transfer, meta-stable states and
lifetimes. Types of lasers, solid-state, dye and semiconductor lasers, gas,
chemical, free electron, and X-ray lasers, laser applications.
Recommended Books:
1. Principles of Lasers, by Orazio Svelto, publisher: Plenum Press; 5th

Edition, (2010).
2. Laser Fundamentals, by William T. Silfvast, publisher: Cambridge

University Press, (2004).
Sub-Atomic Physics-I
Review of accelerators, cross sections, luminosity, electrostatic generators
(Van de Graaff), linear accelerators (Linacs), beam optics, synchrotrons.
Collisons, flux, intensity, laboratory and centre-of-momentum frames, col-
liding beams, superconducting linacs, beam storage and cooling. Passage of
radiation through matter, heavy charged particles, photons, electrons, de-
tectors, scintillation counters, simple derivation of Bethe formula, statistical
aspects. A first glance at the subatomic zoo: particles and antiparticles,
gauge bosons, leptons, quarks, meson and baryon ground states. Ruther-
ford and Mott scattering, form factors, the charge distribution of spherical
nuclei, leptons as point probes, nucleon elastic form factors, charge radii of
pion and kaon. Inelastic electron and muon scattering, deep inelastic elec-
tron scattering, structure function for a point particle. Nuclear structure:
Weizacker mass formula, volume and surface energies, valley of stability, liq-
uid drop model, fermi gas model. Shell model: magic numbers and closed
shells, spin-orbit interaction, isobaric analog resonances, coupling with elec-
tromagnetic field. Collective model, nuclear deformations, rotational spectra
of spinless nuclei, rotational families, one-particle motion in deformed nu-
clei (Nilsson model), vibrational states in spherical nuclei, interacting boson
model, highly excited states, giant resonances. General description of fis-
sion, understanding through liquid drop and collective models, application
to power generation and radioactive dating. Outline of Big Bang cosmol-
ogy, primordial nucleosynthesis, stellar energy and nucleosynthesis, stellar
collapse and neutron stars, cosmic rays, neutrino astronomy and cosmology,
leptogenesis as basis for baryon excess.
104
Recommended Books:
1. Ernest M. Henley and Alejandro Garcia, Subatomic Physics, 3rd Edi-
tion World Scientific Publishing (2007).
2. B. Povh, K. Rith, C. Scholz and F. Zetsche, Particles and Nuclei: an
Introduction to the Physical Concepts 5th Edition, Berlin Springer
(2006).
3. B. R. Martin, Nuclear and Particle Physics, publisher: New York:
Wiley 2nd edition (2006)
4. W. N. Cottin and D. A. Greenwood, .An Introduction to the Standard
Model of Particle Physics by, (2007).
Sub-Atomic Physics-II
Additive conservation laws, conserved quantities and symmetries, electric
charge, baryon number, lepton and lepton flavor number, strangeness and
flavor, additive quantum numbers of quarks. Electromagnetic interaction,
electromagnetic scattering of leptons, vector mesons as mediators of the
photon-hadron interaction, electron positron collisions and quarks, photon
hadron interaction, real and space like photons. Importance of P,C,CP,
and T symmetries in elementary particle physics, parity operation, intrin-
sic parities, conservation and breakdown of parity, charge conjugation, time
reversal, two-state problem, neutral kaons, fall of CP invariance. Weak in-
teractions, muon decay, weak current of leptons, chirality versus helicity, the
weak coupling constant gf, weak decays of quarks and the CKM matrix, weak
currents in nuclear physics, inverse beta decay, detection of neutrons, mas-
sive neutrinos, Majorana versus Dirac neutrinos, weak current of hadrons at
high energies, Introduction to gauge theories, Aharonov Bohm effect, gauge
invariance for non-abelian fields, Higgs mechanisms, spontaneous symme-
try breaking, gauge bosons and weak isospin, electroweak interaction, tests
of the standard model, quantum chromodynamics, QCD at low energies.
Range and strength of the low energy strong interaction, Pion nucleon in-
teraction, Yukawa theory of nuclear forces, low energy nucleon nucleon force,
meson theory of the nucleon nucleon force, strong processes at high energies.
Overview: grand unified theories, supersymmetry, string theories
Recommended Books:
1. Ernest M. Henley and Alejandro Garcia, Subatomic Physics, 3rd Edi-
tion World Scientific Publishing (2007).
105
2. B. Povh, K. Rith, C. Scholz and F. Zetsche, Particles and Nuclei: an
Introduction to the Physical Concepts 5th Edition, Berlin Springer
(2006).
3. B. R. Martin, Nuclear and Particle Physics, publisher: New York:

Wiley 2nd edition (2006)
4. W. N. Cottin and D. A. Greenwood, .An Introduction to the Standard

Model of Particle Physics by, (2007).
Introduction to Quantum Information and Compu-

tation
Introduction and overview: history of quantum information and compu-
tation, quantum bit, entanglement, example of EPR or Bell states Quan-
tum computation: quantum algorithms, single and qubit operations, con-
trolled operations, universal quantum gates, quantum copying circuit Quan-
tum teleportation and superdense coding Quantum Fourier transform and
its applications The density operator: ensemble of quantum states, general
properties of density operator, reduced density operator, postulates of quan-
tum mechanics in density operator formulism Schmidt decomposition and
purification Entropy and information: Shannon entropy, basic properties of
entropy, binary entropy, relative entropy, conditional entropy and mutual
information, von-Neuman entropy and its basic properties
Recommended Books:
1. M. A. Nielson and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum

Information, Cambridge University Press (2010).
2. D. MacMahon, Quantum Computing Explained, Wiley (2008).
106

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Curriculum

1. Dr. Muhammad Hashim, Assistant Professor, Chair

2. Dr. Naseeb Ahmad, Assistant Professor, Member

3. Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Shah, Assistant Professor, Member

4. Dr. Muhammad Aslam Khan, Assistant Professor, Member/Secretary

Dr. Muhammad Hashim

4.2 Vision of the University

4.3 Mission of the University

• the curriculum and its delivery conform to international standards.

• the students are provided an environment for wholesome development

• the graduates produced are most sought after by prospective employ-

To conduct research to solve local and national problems requiring Engi-

5.2 Vision of the Department

5.3 Mission of the Department

6.2 Exact Title of the Program

6.3 Short Title of the Program

6.4 Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

• PEO-2: Graduates will demonstrate proficiency in critical thinking

• PEO-3: Introduce to students the spirit of working in individual or

6.5 Program Learning Outcomes(PLOs)

• PLO-3 Formulation and Solution: Apply the fundamental knowl-

• PLO-4 Investigation: An ability to investigate complex problems

• PLO-5 Modern Tool Usage: An ability to apply appropriate tech-

• PLO-6 Individual and Team Work: An ability to work effectively,

• PLO-7 Communication: Communicate effectively and give strong

• PLO-8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional

• PLO-9 Project/Thesis: An ability to demonstrate management

6.6 Scope of the Program

• Intermediate with Physics and Mathematics, securing at least 50 %

• Any other examination of a Foreign University / Institution / Examin-

• 2% quota for 3 years Diploma of Associate Engineering with Physics

6.8 Duration of the Program

• Extension Beyond Maximum Duration

1. The Vice Chancellor may grant extensions up to a maximum period

2. A student would be separated from the University if he/she requires

3. Separated students can apply to the Vice Chancellor for re-admission.

4. A re-admitted student will not be granted second re-admission if he/she

6.11 Project Evaluation Policy

6.12 Degree Completion Requirements

• Explain statistical physics and thermodynamics as logical consequences

• Use the tools, methodologies, language and conventions of physics to

Chemical Thermodynamics Equation of states, ideal and real gases, the

1. R. J. Silbey., Alberty, R. A., and Bawendi, M. G., Physical Chemistry,

2. D. A. McQuarrie, and J. D. Simon, Physical Chemistry ? A Molecular

3. P. Atkins. And D. J. Paula, Atkin?s Physical Chemistry, 9th ed.,

4. W. J. Moore, Physical Chemistry, 4th ed., Longman Publisher (1972).

Basic Health Awareness

• Understand the importance of maintaining a healthy environment.

• Understand the acute and chronic health effects of exposures to chem-

• Understand how personal choices and habits can contribute to disease

Concepts and basic requirements for a healthy environment, healthy liv-

1. B. J. Nebel and R. T. Wright, Environmental Science (The Way the

3. A. Yassi, T. Kjelllstrm, T. de Kok, and T. Guidotti Basic Environ-

4. R. Mohapatra, and S. Jaypee, Occupational Health Hazards and Reme-

5. P. L. Aynor and Virginia, Biosafety Management: Principles and Ap-

• Understand different terms associated with ICT and Identify various

• Understand different terms associated with internet and World Wide

The Amazing Computer: brief history of computers, an overview of the

1. P. Norton, Introduction to Computers, McGraw-Hill/Irwin publishers,

2. P. K. Sinha, Computer Fundamentals, Bpb Publications, 2004

Introduction to Computing Lab

• Write down an application to the head of an organization, and apply

Practical List Regarding MS-Power Point