Jane S.

Montalvo
1st Korean Cultural Festival
MSU IIT, Iligan City
October 02, 2015
 CONTENTS

 Video Introduction: Empress Ki Drama

 Facts about Korean Language

 Contrastive Analysis between Korean

and English; Korean and Filipino:
Focused on ‘Case’ Markers
 Pedagogical Implications of Translating
Korean Drama
1
 Korean Drama: Empress Ki
(기황후)
A fictional period drama about historical figures
during the 1300s involving the Emperor of the
Yuan Dynasty, the King of Koryeo (Korea), and a
woman, who once dressed and lived like a man to
keep herself safe, and would later hold immense
influence.
The series revolves around Ki Seung Nyang, a
Koryeo-born woman who ascends to power
despite the restrictions of the era's class system,
later marrying Emperor Huizong to become an
empress of the Yuan Dynasty.
2
Empress Ki: Episode 51
Korean to English

3
video source: youtube.com
Empress Ki: Episode 51
Korean to Filipino

3
video source: youtube.com
 Empress Ki: Episode 51
Korean to English
ㄱ. 왕후는 멈추라
/Wanghooneun meomchura/
아직 제 말이 끝나지 않았다.
/ajik je mari kkeunnaji anatda/
멈추라는 내 말이 아니…
/meomchuraneun nae mari ani…/
English subtitle (dvd):
‘Queen stopped if I told you I have not heard the
end stop’
3
 Empress Ki: Episode 51
Korean to Filipino
ㄱ. 왕후는 멈추라
/Wanghooneun meomchura/
‘Queen, stop.’
아직 제 말이 끝나지 않았다.
/ajik je mari kkeunnaji anatda/
‘I am not finished yet.’
멈추라는 내 말이 아니…
/meomchuraneun nae mari ani…/
‘I said stop. No…’
3
 Empress Ki: Episode 51
Korean to Filipino
ㄱ. 왕후는 멈추라
/Wanghooneun meomchura/
아직 제 말이 끝나지 않았다.
/ajik je mari kkeunnaji anatda/
멈추라는 내 말이 아니…
/meomchuraneun nae mari ani…/
Filipino Dubbing:
‘Saan ka pupunta? Nagsasalita pa ako. Huwag
kang lapastangan. Ang sabi ko tumigil ka. Hindi..’
3
 Empress Ki: Episode 51
Korean to Filipino
ㄱ. 왕후는 멈추라
/Wanghooneun meomchura/
‘Tumigil ka, (reyna).’
아직 제 말이 끝나지 않았다.
/ajik je mari kkeunnaji anatda/
‘Hindi pa ako tapos.’
멈추라는 내 말이 아니…
/meomchuraneun nae mari ani…/
‘Ang sabi ko tumigil ka. Hindi…’
3
 Facts about Korean Language

 official language of both South Korea and

North Korea
 About 80 million people speak Korean

worldwide
 Korean sentences consist of either

“SV = a subject + predicate (verb)” or “SOV

a subject + object + predicate (verb)”

4
 Korean Sentence Structure

Korean sentences consist of either

“a subject + predicate (verb)” or
“a subject + object +predicate (verb).”

캐럴이 갑니다. 캐럴이 잡니다.

Subject + predicate Subject + predicate

Carol goes. Carol sleeps.

SV Pattern
 Korean Sentence Structure

에릭이 사과를 먹어요. 에릭이 도서관에서 책을 읽어요.

Subject + object + predicate Subject + object + predicate.

Eric eats an apple. Eric reads a book in the library.

SOV Pattern
Subject in the sentence can be omitted.

A에릭이 뭐 해요? What is Eric

doing?
B(에릭이) 사과를 먹어요. (He is) eating
an apple.
A어디에 가요? Where do (you) go?
B학교에 가요. (I) go to school.
 Sentence Types

Korean has four main sentence types:

declarative, interrogative, imperative,
and propositive. The informal polite
style –(스) ㅂ니다. The informal polite
style –아/어요 is the honorific form used
most in daily life.

14
 Korean vs. English
a. Declarative Sentence
저는 학교에 갑니다. I go to school.
저는 빵을 먹습니다. I eat bread

b. Interrogative Sentence
학교에 갑니까? Do you go to school?
빵을 먹습니까? Do you eat bread?
 Korean vs. English
a. Declarative Sentence
저는 학교에 갑니다. I go to school.
저는 빵을 먹습니다. I eat bread

b. Interrogative Sentence
학교에 갑니까? Do you go to school?
빵을 먹습니까? Do you eat bread?
 Korean vs. English
c. Imperative Sentence
공책에 쓰십시오. Please write in your
notebook.
책을 읽으십시오. Please read the book.
d. Propositive Sentence
11시에 만납시다. Let’s meet at 11 o’clock.
여기에서 점심을 먹읍시다. Let’s eat lunch here.
 Korean vs. English
Formal Polite Style Informal Polite Style
Declarative 갑니다. 가요.
(I) go. / (I) am going.
Interrogative 갑니까? 가요?
Are (you) going?
Imperative 가십시오. 가세요.
Go!
Propositive 갑시다. 가요.
Let’s go.
 Facts about Korean ‘Case’ Particles

- Particles typically attach to nouns; they denote case

relations, or the grammatical relation of the noun
they mark with other words in the sentence.
- Case particles ‘gyeokjosa’ are defined as those
which impart a specific case relation to the noun
preceding them.
- Korean case particles are subject 이/가(i/ga), 께서
(kkeseo), 에서(eseo), object 을(eul) 를(reul),
adnominal 의(eui), adverbial 에게서(egeseo), 한테
서 (hanteseo), and vocative 아(a), 야(ya), 여(yeo).
 Facts about Filipino Language
(Tagalog)
- Tagalog word order Verb-Subject-Object (VSO) or more
specifically, predicate initial (referred to in Tagalog
grammar as Tuwirang Anyo). Word order may be inverted to
SV and SVO (referred to in Tagalog grammar as
Kabalikang Anyo) by way of the inversion marker ay ('y’ after
vowels).
- Tagalog case markers: absolutive (nominative), ergative
(genitive), and oblique.
- Tagalog case markers: common singular absolutive ‘ang’,
ergative ‘ng’ / naɲ /, oblique ‘sa’; common plural absolutive
‘ang mga’, ergative ‘ng mga’, oblique ‘sa mga’; personal
singular absolutive ‘si’, ergative ‘ng / naɲ /, oblique ‘kay’.
 Korean Case Particles vs. Tagalog Case Markers

a. Subject particles (주격조사 ju gyeokjosa)

(1) 아이가 잔다. Natutulog ang bata.
/a-ee-ga janda/
‘The child sleeps.’ (잔다 가 아이)

(2) 민철이 노래한다. Kumakanta si Minchul.

/Minchu-ri norehanda/
‘Minchul sings.’ (노래한다 가 철수)
The subject particle 께서(kkeseo) is used to
honorificate the subject.

Tagalog has no correspondent particle for

Korean subject particle 께서(kkeseo).

The distinct word po in Tagalog connotes

respect when used in a sentence.
The subject particle 에서(eseo) is used to
denote corporate or institutional subjects, in
corresponding to the particle “sa” in Tagalog.

(3) 우리가 학교에서 만났다. /woori ga hakyo-eseo manatda/

‘We met in school.’

Nagkita kami sa paaralan.

(만났다 우리 에서 학교)
 b. Object Particles (목적격조사 mokjeok
gyeokjosa)

(4) 나는 책을 읽고 있다. /na-neun chaek-eul il-kko itda/

‘I am reading a book.’

Nagbabasa ako ng libro.

(읽고 있다 나 을 책)
c. Adnominal (Possessive) Particle (관형격조사
gwanhyeong gyeokjosa)

(5) 한나의 책. /Hanna eui chaek/

‘The book of Hannah.’

Aklat ni Hannah
(책 의 한나)
d. Adverbial Particles (부사격조사 busa gyeokjosa)


-에게/한테, -께, 에 to, at, for, by

(6) 나는 내 친구에게/한테 선물을 주었다.

/naneun nae chingoo-ege/hante seonmureul joo-eotda./
‘I gave gift to my friend.’

Nagbigay ako ng regalo sa kaibigan ko.

(주었다 나 을 선물 에게 친구 내)
d. Adverbial Particles (부사격조사 busa gyeokjosa)


-에게/한테, -께, 에 to, at, for, by

(7) 벽에 기대지 마시오.

/byeok-e gidaeji mashi-o/
‘Please don’t lean on the wall.’

Huwag po kayong sumandal sa pader.

(지 마시오 당신 대다 에 벽)
 d. Adverbial Particles (부사격조사 busa gyeokjosa)


The particle –께 is the honorific equivalent of –

에게 and 한테.

(8) 선생님께 여쭈어 보세요.

/seonsaengnim-kke yeo-choo-eo boseyo/
‘Please ask the teacher.’

Pakitanong nyo po sa guro.

(여쭈어 보세요 당신 께 선생님)
In the meaning of from (paraphrasable in Korean as
–(으)로부터), nouns denoting humans and animals
take –에게서/ 한테서, while all other nouns take –에
게.
(9) 나는 내 친구한테서 초대를 받았다.
/naneun nae chingu hanteso chodaereul badatda/
‘I received an invitation from my friend.’

Nakatanggap ako ng imbitasyon

mula/galing sa kaibigan ko.
(받았다 나 를 초대 한테서 친구 내)
 -에서, - 에게서/한테서 at, in (dynamic
location); from
The particle –에서 is used in conjunction with verbs and
nouns denoting places to mark the location of an
action.
(10) 영수가 공항에 갔습니다.
/Yeongsoo-ga gonghang-e kasseumnida/
‘Youngsoo went to the airport.’

Pumunta si Yongsoo sa paliparan.

(갔습니다 가 영수 에 공항)
The particle –에 marks the dative (-에, -에게/ 한
테, 께) as well as several other functions. When
used in conjunction with nouns denoting time,
the particle –에 marks temporal location : in, on,
or at a certain time.
(11) 나는 시장에서 일합니다.
/naneun shijang-eseo ilhamnida/
‘I work in the company.’

Nagtratrabaho ako sa palengke.

(일합니다 나 에서 시장)
 -(으)로 with, using, by means of; as, for, in the
capacity of; (change of state) into; to, in direction of;
because of/ due, owing to
(12) 이 책상은 나무로 만들었다.
/i-chaeksang-eun namoo-ro mandeu-reotda/
‘This chair is made of wood.’

Gawa sa kahoy ang upuang ito.

(만들었다 로 나무 은 책상 이)
In conjunction with verbs of motion,
the particle –(으)로 can denote direction.

(13) 오른쪽으로 돌아가세요.

/oreun-jjok-euro dorakaseyo/
‘Please turn right.’

Pakiliko po sa kanan.
(돌아가세요 으로 오른쪽)
 The particle –(으)로 can attach to nouns denoting
humans to express status, capacity, position or
qualifications.

(14) 저는 교사로 일합니다.

/jo-neun gyosa-ro il-ham-nida/
‘I work as a teacher.’

Ako ay nagtratrabaho bilang guro.

(만들었다 로 나무 은 책상 이)
 e. Vocative Particles (호격조사 ho gyeokjosa)
The vocative particles 아(a), 야(ya), 여(yeo) are used in
order to call a person or an object. Nouns ending in a
vowel take 야(ya) and nouns ending in a consonant take 아
(a), and 이여(iyeo). There is no corresponding particle for
vocative in Tagalog.

(15) 수회야, 빨리 와 봐. /Soohee-ya pal-li wa bwa/

‘Suhee, hurry over here.’

Suhee, bilisan mong pumunta dito.

수회 빨리 너 와 봐 여기.
 Pedagogical Implications of
Translating Korean Drama

Sufficient knowledge on the source and

target language
*Language proficiency/linguistic ability
Understanding of Cultural Context in both
Korean, Filipino, and English text
*Culture-specific Vocabulary and Expression
Dissimilarity in deferential expression
between Korean, English and Filipino
*Semantic accuracy
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Thank you. 감사합니다.