REVIEWING THE SIMULATION OF DRAINAGE

SYSTEM USING SWMM 5.1 PROGRAM IN

ASERA RESIDENCE, HARAPAN INDAH, WEST
JAVA 2019
1Diah Ayu Lestari1
1
Environmental Engineering 2017, President University, Jababeka Education Park Jalan Ki Hajar
Dewantara, Kota Jababeka, RT.2/RW.4, Mekarmukti, Cikarang Utara, Bekasi, Jawa Barat 17550

Manuscript History Abstract.

Abstract: Infrastructure development must pay attention to
Received
availability supporting infrastructure such as drainage channels for
dd-mm-yyyy
user comfort and avoid damage to that infrastructure Own excess
Revised
rainwater can cause flooding, so drainage is needed adequate
dd-mm-yyyy
drainage, which is designed like rainwater and drain it into the river
Accepted
body. This research tries to analyze The highest value that occurs
dd-mm-yyyy
and its suitability with the existing drainage network in the Asera
Available online
Residence, Harapan Indah, West Java. This research was conducted
dd-mm-yyyy
by the method of observation and literature study with reference on
primary data and secondary data. Primary data are sourced from
field observation and direct measurements which include
Keywords characteristics and dimensions of drainage channels in Asera
SWMM 5.11; Residence, Harapan Indah, Bekasi City, West Java. Secondary data
Re-evaluate2; used in the form of data of maximum daily rainfall intensity of 10
Drainage3; years in the area Bekasi which is from Meteorology, Climatology
Channel4; and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) Bekasi City and and supporting
runoff5; data from several related journals. The study area has a height of ±
Flood6 1,135 meters above sea level with elevation 1, 3 and 6 m and
maximum slope 4.2% until -4.1% and average slope 0.9% until
-1.0% and for contour conditions are hilly areas that have elevation
values from 0 to 4.8 meters from ground level. The maximum
rainfall is then distributed based on the Bekasi Distric area with an
hourly distribution percentage of 0%, 22%, 39% 26%, and 13%.
Most of the subcatchments has an impervious area of around 90-
97% because the road area is covered with concrete. On channel
modeling in Asera Residence consist of 19 subchatment, 25
junction, 21 conduit and 2 outfall. Runoff discharge that enters from
C1 until C5 is 0.648 m3/s with conduit close rectangular and for C11
the runoff is 0.9000 m3/s with conduit open rectangular with the
velocity value 0.6 – 3 m2/s based on Indonesia National Standard. In
SWMM 5.1 modeling C2 channel has height measurement runoff
result obtained by 0.7 m this condition occurs because the invert
elevation between C1 and C2 has the same value that causes
flooding. To prevent excess runoff capacity, the depth of C2 must
be deepened a few meters below C1.

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1. Introduction
Construction of a building or infrastructure must pay attention too
availability of supporting infrastructure such as drainage channels so as not to
disrupt user activity and comfort and avoid any damage to the infrastructure itself.
Excess rain water can cause problems such as floods or puddles, so channels are
needed adequate drainage, which serves to accommodate excess rainwater and
drain it into the river body. Drainage canal is one of the complementary buildings
on the road in meeting one of the technical requirements of road infrastructure [1].
Drainage channel is a channel made on the right and left road, and serves to collect
and drain rainwater as well domestic liquid waste [2]. Under normal conditions,
rainwater is falling to the ground most will go into the ground and some will flow
in ground level. Rainwater becomes a problem when it cannot enter the soil
(infiltration) and is not accommodated so that it gives rise puddle. Inundation can
also occur due to insufficient capacity existing drainage channels. Drainage
network is designed so that runoff occurs as soon as possible it can be flowed and
thrown into the river. For this it is needed drainage network planning that is done
properly and correctly.
Harapan Indah is a housing complex located in Harapan Indah, Medan
Satria District, Bekasi. Transition from agricultural land to area housing causes
increased runoff to occur. Asera Residence already has a drainage channel that
looks good and already has an outlet. Until now, Asera Residence has not flooded,
but keep in mind the size of the drainage network capacity existing and its
suitability with the runoff that occurs. This research using the EPA SWMM 5.1
model because this model is widely used for analyze runoff problems in urban
areas.
This study aims to analyze the amount of runoff that occurs and its
compatibility with the existing drainage network in the Asera Residence, Harapan
Indah.

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2. Material and Method

This study uses the location in Harapan Indah Regency, Bekasi, West Java
(Figure 1).

Source : Google Maps (October 2019)

Figure 1. Maps of The Research Location

The material used in this study is primary and secondary data. Primary data are
sourced from field observation and direct measurements which include
characteristics and dimensions of drainage channels in Asera Residence,
Harapan Indah, Bekasi City, West Java. Secondary data used in the form of
data of maximum daily rainfall intensity of 10 years in the area Bekasi which is
from Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) Bekasi City
and and supporting data from several related journals.
The software method used in the drainage system review is Google Earth Pro,
GPS Visualizer, TCX Converter, Quick Grid, Q-GIS and SWMM 5.1 Program.
The tool used, i.e. notebooks, stationery, calculators, theodolites, tripods,
measurement, and targets rod.

3. Result and Discussion

3.1 General Conditions of Research Location

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Asera Residence is located in Harapan Indah, Bekasi City, West Java. This
residence consist of 206 Houses, the total area of Asra Residence is ±16 Ha
(Figure 2). The transition from agricultural land to residential areas causes the area
around it to become a shortage of cathment areas and often an increase in runoff
volume occurs in housing owned by PT. Hasan Damai Putra (HDP) as a
developerer.

Source : Google Earth Pro (October 2019)

Figure 2. Asera Residence, Harapan Indah, Bekasi City, West Java

The study area has a height of ± 1,135 meters above sea level with elevation 1, 3
and 6 m and maximum slope 4.2% until -4.1% and average slope 0.9% until -1.0%
(Picture 3).

Source : Google Earth Pro

Figure 3. Elevation and Slope in Asera Residence, Harapan Indah, Bekasi City,
West Java

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Furthermore, for the Asera Residence contour conditions are hilly areas
that have elevation values from 0 to 4.8 meters from ground level (Figure 4). This
is because before this area was an agricultural area which then at the time of
transition to residence the developer heightened the land with the addition of land
from other areas.

Figure 4. Soil Countur of Asera Residence

3.2 Analysis of Rainfall Plans

This analysis is carried out to get the value of the rainfall plan which will
be used as an input value on the SWMM. Rainfall data are used is the maximum
daily rainfall data for 2004-2013 obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and
Geophysics Agency (BMKG). Data the rainfall used can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. Maximum Daily Rainfall at Halim Perdanakusumah Station

Year Max.Rainfall Year Max.Rainfall
(mm) (mm)
2004 123 2009 140
2005 157 2010 97

2006 260 2011 309

2007 259 2012 94
2008 136 2013 161
Source : Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) Bekasi City

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Since the EPA SWMM 5.1 needs to have an hourly input for the time series, a Log
Person III distribution is used by Iqbal Dorojatun, therefore we have taken the data
as a secondary data. The maximum rainfall is then distributed based on the Bekasi
Distric area with an hourly distribution percentage of 0%, 22%, 39% 26%, and
13% [3]. The results of the distribution of planned rain in Bekasi Distric are shown
in Table 2.

Table 2. Rainfall distribution results plan.

Time Rain Rainfall Plan
(hours) Distribution (mm)
(%)
0 0 0
1 22 38.922
2 39 68.998
3 26 45.999
4 13 22.999

Based on Table 2, it is shown that the distribution of the rain plans in the city of
Bekasi Distric has fluctuated. In the SWMM 5.1 simulation, the time series uses
the hourly data from the rainfall distribution results plan. A cycle of 5 more extra
hours has been made in order to input a full 10-hour data.

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Figure 4. The SWMM 5.1 time series for rain gage

3.3 Drainage Network Modeling with SWMM 5.1

Network systems in Asera Residence are modeled using EPA SWMM.
Some if the properties included in modeling are subcathment areas. On channel
modeling in Asera Residence consist of 19 subchatment, 25 junction, 21 conduit
and 2 outfall. Drainage network models in the modeling adapted to field
conditions. Drainage network model in Asera Residence can be show in Figure 5.

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Figure 5. Drainage Network at Asera Residence, Harapan Indah, Bekasi City,

West Java

Most of the subcatchments has an impervious area of around 90-97% because the
road area is covered with concrete (Table 3).

Table 3. Value of Sucathment Characteristics at Asera Residence

Subcatchment Outfall Area (Ha) Impervious Previous
Land (%) Land
(%)
Sub1 J1 0.45 90 10
Sub2 J2 0.28 95 5

Sub3 J3 0.21 90 10
Sub4 J4 0.18 96 4
Sub5 J5 0.2 90 10
Sub6 J11 0.6 92 8
Sub7 J8 0.36 93 7
Sub8 J9 0.27 90 10
Sub9 J10 0.63 90 10
Sub10 J23 0.32 90 10
Sub11 J12 0.36 93 7
Sub12 J13 0.19 97 3
Sub13 J14 0.35 90 10
Sub14 J15 0.3 90 10
Sub15 J19 0.15 90 10
Sub16 J16 0.61 97 10

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Sub17 J25 0.11 90 3

Sub18 J24 0.21 94 6
Sub19 J17 0.61 90 10

Based on the result of simulations carried out usin SWMM 5.1 can be seen the
maximum flow height at each drainage channel simulated. Flow profiles in drainag
channels are shown in Figure 6 for J11-Out1. From the simulation results show that
the entire profile flow does not occur due to overflow of water levels in each
channel still below the channel height.

Figure 6. High Profile Water Level Channel J11-Out1

The water level profile in Figure6 is the water level profile the maximum that
occurs in channels C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C11. The highest water level occurs in channel
C2. Flow profiles from simulation results on the channel shows that some channels
shows that some channels are over capacity or excess capacity on the channel.
Runoff discharge that enters from C1 until C5 is 0.648 m 3/s with conduit
close rectangular and for C11 the runoff is 0.9000 m 3/s with conduit open
rectangular. C2 channel height measurement result obtained by 0.7 m this
condition occurs because the invert elevation between C1 and C2 has the same
value. Discharge runoff simulation results with channel capacity discharge shown
on Table 4 by using a minimum velocity value of 0.6 m/s and maximum of 3 m/s
based on Indonesia National Standards. For all of conduit has discharge runoff is
0.648 m3/s with height 1.2 m and bottom width 0.9 m with close rectangular form

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and except for two conduit which is C11 and C21 it has 0.9000 m 3/s with height of
conduit is 1.5 m and bottom slope 1 m with open rectangular form.
Flow chart simulation result can also be seen for each channel according to
the direction of the flow. Figure 7 shows the movement of discharge flow plans
that occur in channels C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C11. The highest plan discharge
occurs at C11 channels with the highest incoming runoff value at the third hour
which is 275.0 liter per second (LPS) and with the lowes value at the first hour
which is below 50.0 LPS . That is because the C11 channel as an outlet channel
with a discharge joint plan of runoff in all subcathments.

Figure 7. The Amount of Runoff to Time

4. Conclusions
Based on observation in the field of drainage channels in the Asera Residence
consist of 19 channels, which are 17 closed channels with height 1.2 m and bottom
width 0.9 m and 2 is open channel with height 1.5 m and bottom width 1 m
physically the condition of the drainage drainage channels in the Asera Residence
still looks good on the C2 channel has a large enough runoff capacity because of
the elevation in the channel of C1 and C2 causing the flood. To prevent excess
runoff capacity, the depth of C2 must be deepened a few meters below C1. The
highest plan discharge occurs also at C11 channels with the highest incoming
runoff value at the third hour which is 275.0 liter per second (LPS) and with the
lowes value at the first hour which is below 50.0 LPS. That is because the C11

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channel as an outlet channel with a discharge joint plan of runoff in all

subcathments .

5. References
[1] Meilani, VR. 2014. SISTEM DRAINASE SALURAN TERBUKA.
Universitas Lampung. Lampung Available :
http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/7519/1/SISTEM%20DRAINASE
%20SALURAN%20TERBUKA.pdf

[2] Nofrida, Egie. 2018. Evaluasi Saluran Drainase Menggunakan Model

EPA SWMM 5.1 Perumahan Ciomas Permai, Bogor, Jawa Barat.
Departement Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Bogor.

[3] Dorojatun, Iqbal. 2017. Evaluasi Saluran Drainase di Perumahan

Taman Aster Cikarang Barat Kabupaten Bekasi dengan Menggunakan
EPA SWMM 5.1. Departement Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan Institut
Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.

[4] Jaelani, Jaenal, etc. 2014. Evaluasi Teknis Sistem Drainase di Kawasan
Kampus Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi. Teknik Sipil Universitas Islam 45.
Bekasi.

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