Brookite

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Photos of Brookite (1400)
08248920014946310484595.jpg
Brookite, etc.

Kharan District, Balochistan Region, Pakistan

08855180014969656102778.jpg
Brookite

Magnet Cove, Hot Spring Co., Arkansas, USA

01073750014976614479069.jpg
Brookite

Les Crevasses, Sapey forest, Grand Ch�telard massif, Jarrier, Saint-Jean-de-

Maurienne, Saint Jean de Maurienne, Savoie, Auvergne-Rh�ne-Alpes, France
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About BrookiteHide
Formula:TiO2Colour:Brown, yellowish brown, reddish brown; dar brown to iron-black;
yellowish brown to dark brown in transmitted lightLustre:Adamantine, Sub-
Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Sub-MetallicHardness:5� - 6Specific
Gravity:4.08 - 4.18Crystal System:OrthorhombicName:Named in 1825 by Serve-Dieu
Abailard "Armand" L�vy in honor of Henry James Brooke [May 25, 1771 Exeter,
England, UK - 1857 London, England, UK], wealthy textile manufacturer and actuary,
amateur English crystallographer and mineralogist. Brooke discovered 12 minerals:
Annabergite, Autunite, Arfvedsonite, Caledonite, Childrenite, Linarite,
Nitronatrite, Susannite, Thomsonite, and Whewellite. He was author of A Familiar
Introduction to Crystallography and co-author of Elementary Introduction to
Mineralogy (1852). He wrote numerous scientific articles and was a fellow of the
Royal Society, Geological Society of London, and the Linnaen Society.Type
Locality:? Twll Maen Grisial, Fron Olau, Prenteg, Gwynedd, Wales, UKPolymorph
of:Akaogiite, Anatase, Riesite, Rutile, UM1991-08-O:Ti, UM2000-41-O:Ti
Brookite is one of the five forms of titanium dioxide found in nature.

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Brookite.

Classification of BrookiteHide
IMA status:Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:4/D.15-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:4.DD.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites,

sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
D : With medium-sized cations; frameworks of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th ed.:4.4.5.1

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX2
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.9.4

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides

9 : Oxides of Ti
Pronounciation of BrookiteHide
Pronounciation:
Play Recorded by Country
Jolyon & Katya Ralph United Kingdom
Physical Properties of BrookiteHide
Lustre:Adamantine, Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Colour:Brown, yellowish brown, reddish brown; dar brown to iron-black; yellowish
brown to dark brown in transmitted light
Streak:White to greyish white or yellowish white
Hardness:5� - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:Poor/Indistinct
on {120}, in traces on {001}
Fracture:Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:4.08 - 4.18 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.133 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of BrookiteHide
Type:Biaxial (+)
RI values:na = 2.583 n� = 2.584 n? = 2.700
2V:Calculated: 12� to 20�
Birefringence:0.1173
Max Birefringence:
d = 0.117
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30�m thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Dispersion:r > v, very strong, with crossed axial dispersion
Optical Extinction:Parallel
Pleochroism:Weak
Comments:Yellow, red, orange to brown
Chemical Properties of BrookiteHide
Formula:TiO2
Elements listed:O, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:Fe,Ta,Nb
Crystallography of BrookiteHide
Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:a = 5.4558 �, b = 9.1819 �, c = 5.1429 �
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.594 : 1 : 0.56
Unit Cell V:257.63 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:8
Morphology:Crystals typically tabular on {010}, striated parallel to [001] and
elongated; pyramidal {111} or pseudohexagonal with {120} and {111} equally
developed; also prismatic on [001] with {120} prominent; rarely tabular on {001} or
pseudo-pyramidal.
Twinning:On {120}, uncertain
Crystallographic forms of BrookiteHide
Crystal Atlas:
Click on an icon to view

Brookite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Brookite no.45 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Brookite no.78 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Brookite no.86 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Tabular {010}
Locality: Snowdon, Wales
L�vy, 125, and others. In: V.M. Goldschmidt, Atlas der Krystallformen, 1913-1923
('Brookit').

3D model ID: 19733d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.
Toggle
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes

Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent

View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Epitaxial Relationships of BrookiteHide
Epitaxial Minerals:
Rutile TiO2
Epitaxy Comments:Rutile {110} [001] parallel to brookite {120} [001].
Rutile {110} [001] parallel to brookite {111} [001].
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Radiation - Copper Ka
Data Set:
Magnet Cove, Arkansas, USA 1549
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing Intensity
3.51 � (100)
3.47 � (80)
2.90 � (90)
2.729 � (4)
2.476 � (25)
2.409 � (18)
2.370 � (6)
2.344 � (4)
2.332 � (4)
2.296 � (5)
2.254 � (8)
2.244 � (18)
2.133 � (16)
1.969 � (16)
1.893 � (30)
1.851 � (18)
1.833 � (3)
1.757 � (3)
1.691 � (20)
1.662 � (30)
1.649 � (5)
1.610 � (13)
1.597 � (2)
1.541 � (7)
1.494 � (10)
1.473 � (4)
1.466 � (9)
1.461 � (12)
1.452 � (12)
1.442 � (6)
1.434 � (10)
1.417 � (9)
1.364 � (5)
1.336 � (8)
1.319 � (3)
1.312 � (2)
1.285 � (2)
1.238 � (10)
1.211 � (2)
Comments:ICDD 29-1360. Recorded on material from Magnet Cove, Arkansas, USA.
Geological EnvironmentHide
Geological Setting:An accessory mineral in alpine veins in gneiss and schist; in
contact metamorphic zones and hydrothermal veinlets; a common detrital mineral.
Type Occurrence of BrookiteHide
Type Locality:? Twll Maen Grisial, Fron Olau, Prenteg, Gwynedd, Wales, UK
General Appearance of Type Material:
Bladed red to brown transparent to translucent bladed crystals with longitudinal
striations.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal vein
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Quartz Chamosite Albite
Synonyms of BrookiteHide
Jurinite

Pyromelane

Other Language Names for BrookiteHide

Czech:Brookit
Dutch:Brookiet
German:Brookit
Arkansit
Jurinit
Italian:Brookite
Polish:Brukit
Portuguese:Brookita
Russian:??????
Simplified Chinese:???
Slovak:Brookit
Spanish:Brookita
Arkansita
Jurinita
Ukrainian:??????
Varieties of BrookiteHide
Arkansite Name for a morphological variety of brookite from Arkansas, USA.
Common AssociatesHide
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
480 photos of Brookite associated with Quartz SiO2
183 photos of Brookite associated with Anatase TiO2
103 photos of Brookite associated with Rutile TiO2
31 photos of Brookite associated with Albite Na(AlSi3O8)
16 photos of Brookite associated with Pyrite FeS2
15 photos of Brookite associated with Smoky Quartz SiO2
13 photos of Brookite associated with Chlorite Group
9 photos of Brookite associated with Clinochlore Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
8 photos of Brookite associated with Rock Crystal SiO2
8 photos of Brookite associated with Calcite CaCO3
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide
4.DD.05 Anatase TiO2 Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide
7.9.1 Hongquiite TiO
7.9.2 Rutile TiO2 Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mnm
7.9.3 Anatase TiO2 Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
7.9.5 Geikielite MgTiO3 Trig. 3 : R3
7.9.6 Perovskite CaTiO3 Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
7.9.7 Kassite CaTi2O4(OH)2 Orth.
7.9.8 Tausonite SrTiO3 Iso. 4 3m
7.9.9 Crichtonite Sr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38 Trig. 3 : R3
7.9.10 Lucasite-(Ce) CeTi2(O,OH)6 Mon.
7.9.11 Hibonite CaAl12O19 Hex.
7.9.12 Yttrocrasite-(Y) (Y,Th,Ca,U)(Ti,Fe)2(O,OH)6 Amor.
7.9.13 Pyrophanite Mn2+TiO3 Trig. 3 : R3
7.9.14 Jacobsite-Q T(Mn2+)M(Fe3+2)O4 Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd
7.9.15 Ilmenite Fe2+TiO3 Trig. 3 : R3
7.9.16 Pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
7.9.17 Ulv�spinel TiFe2O4 Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
7.9.18 Pseudorutile Fe2Ti3O9 Hex.
7.9.19 Freudenbergite Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16 Mon.
7.9.20 Kennedyite Fe2TiO5
7.9.21 Armalcolite (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
7.9.22 H�gbomite (Mg,Fe)2(Al,Ti)5O10 Hex.
7.9.23 Qandilite (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
7.9.24 Cafetite CaTi2O5 � H2O Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.9.25 Loveringite (Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38 Trig.
7.9.26 Lindsleyite (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38 Trig.
7.9.27 Priderite K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16 Tet.
7.9.28 Jeppeite (K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13 Mon.
7.9.29 Ankangite Ba(Ti,V3+,Cr)8O16 Tet. 4/m : I4/m
7.9.30 Ecandrewsite (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 Trig. 3 : R3
7.9.31 Landauite NaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38 Trig. 3 : R3
Fluorescence of BrookiteHide
In UV light:Not fluorescent in ultraviolet
Other InformationHide
Health Risks:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into
the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for BrookiteHide
Reference List:Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author
(Z-A)
Levy, M. (1825) An account of a new mineral. The Annals of Philosophy: 9: 140-142.
Haidinger (1825) Annalen der Physik: 5: 162.
Des Cloizeaux (1858) Annales min�ralogiques: 14: 361.
Pauling, L., Sturdivant, J.H. (1928) The crystal structure of brookite. Zeitschrift
f�r Kristallographie: 68: 239-256.
Schr�der, A. (1928) Beitr�ge zur Kenntnis des Feinbaues des Brookits und des
physikalischen Verhaltens sowie der Zustands�nderungen der drei nat�rlichen
Titandioxyde. Zeitschrift f�r Kristallographie: 67: 485-542.
Arnold, W. (1929) Beitr�ge zur Kenntnis des Brookit in morphologischer und
optischer Hinsicht. Zeitschrift f�r Kristallographie: 71: 344-405.
Holzgang (1930) Schweizer mineralogische Mitteilungen: 10: 374.
Berek, M., Strieder, F. (1933) Beitr�ge zur Kenntnis der komplexen Indikatrix
rhombisch schwach absorbierender Kristalle. Zeitschrift f�r Kristallographie: 86:
212-224.
Scho�berger, F. (1942) �ber die Umwandlungen des Titandioxyds. Journal of Solid
State Chemistry: 104: 358-374.
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1944) The System of Mineralogy of James
Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I:
Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (New York), 7th
edition, revised and enlarged, 588-593.
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A., Zussman, J. (1962) Rock-forming minerals, Vol. 4, Non-
Silicates: 44-47.
Meagher, E.P., Lager, G.A. (1979) Polyhedral thermal expansion in the TiO2
polymorphs: refinement of the crystal structures of rutile and brookite at high
temperature. The Canadian Mineralogist: 17: 77-85.
Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997) Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 80.
Internet Links for BrookiteHide
mindat.org URL:https://www.mindat.org/min-787.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
Look for Brookite on Google
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External Links:
Look for Brookite on Webmineral
Look for Brookite on Wikipedia
Look for Brookite on Mineralien Atlas
Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project
American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF
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Localities for BrookiteHide
+
-
5000 km
3000 mi
Leaflet | Localities mindat.org, Base map � OpenStreetMap
This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude
coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality.
The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on
the map.
Locality ListHide
- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated
coordinates. ? - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates
mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality
for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality
for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else
(eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point
in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as

questionable.
Angola

Huambo Province
Bailundo City Council
? Bailundo
Beleque, A. R. C. (2010). Minerais de ETR no complexo carbonat�tico de Bailundo
(Mungo, Angola): ocorr�ncia, composi��o e significado econ�mico.
Antarctica
AmMin 36:361-367
Argentina
Catamarca Province
Bel�n Department
? El Portezuelo Granite
Colombo, F., Lira, R., Simmons, W., & Falster, A. (2011). The NYF-type miarolitic-
rare earth elements pegmatites of the El Portezuelo granite, Papachacra (Catamarca,
NW Argentina). Asoc. Geol. Arg., Serie D, Publicaci�n Especial, 14, 57-59.
Papachacra
? Papachacra pegmatites
Rocks & Min. (2007) 82:234-235
Australia

New South Wales

Arrawatta Co.
? Wallangra
Vic Cloete collection
Gough Co.
? Kingsgate
Vic Cloete specimens
Wellington Co.
Mudgee
? Two Mile Flat
Sutherland, F.L., Coenraads, R.R., Schwarz, D., Raynor, L.R., Barron, B.J., Webb,
G.B. (2003) Al-rich diopside in alluvial ruby and corundum-bearing xenoliths,
Australian and SE Asian basalt fields. Mineralogical Magazine, 67(4), 717-732.
Northern Territory
East Arnhem Region
? Gove Bauxite mine
www.smenet.org/opaque-ore/ix_d49_3.htm.
South Australia
Mt Lofty Ranges
North Mt Lofty Ranges
Spalding
? Bundaleer area
alan swatland; Noble (1983) Catalogue of Minerals of South Australia
Victoria
Mansfield Shire
Woods Point
? Little Comet Mine
Bussat, F. (1980) Minerals from some mines in the Woods Point district, Victoria.
The Australian Mineralogist No.31 July 1980, pp. 147-152.
Austria

? Ankogel area
Peter Neschen collection (07421) (from Coll. A.Thinschmidt), photo id: 743957
Carinthia
Klagenfurt am W�rthersee
Kreuzbergl massif
? Mining museum schist occurrences
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien K�rntens, 1995
Sankt Veit an der Glan District
Frauenstein
�u�ere Wimitz
? No. 1 adit
Kolitsch, U., Bla�, G. & Auer, C. (2010): 1618) Bleihaltiger Agardit-(La) und
Brookit von der �u�eren Wimitz, St. Veit an der Glan, Gurktaler Alpen. P. 203 in
Niedermayr et al. (2010): Neue Mineralfunde aus �sterreich LIX. Carinthia II,
200./120., 199-260.
H�ttenberg
H�ttenberger Erzberg
? Main section
H. Meixner: Der Karinthin 11:255-257 (1950)
Metnitz
La�nitz
? Zanitzberg
G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 186./106.:130 (1996)
Spittal an der Drau District
? Koschach
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien K�rntens, 1995
? Gigler quarry (Tierpark quarry)
J.Metzger (1997)
? Modre quarry (Svata quarry; Koschach quarry)
Annalen 1999, p.31-42
Mallnitz
? Auernig
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien K�rntens, 1995
? D�senbach valley
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien K�rntens, 1995
? Konradh�he north slope (Konradh�tte)
Stroh (1979)
Etschl saddle
? Unterer Goslarer Weg
H. Weninger: Der Karinthin 79:45-55 (1978)
? Grauleitenspitze south slope
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien K�rntens, 1995
? Lassach glacier
H. Weninger: Der Karinthin 79:45-55 (1978)
Seebach valley
? T�rlkopf - T�rlspitz area
A.Pichler (2012)
Malta
? Hochalmspitze
? Kleinelend glacier
A.Pichler (2012)
Obervellach
? Kaponig tunnel
Niedermayr (1997)
Wei�ensee
Wurten
Alteck
? Gold Mines
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien K�rntens, 1995
? Wurten glacier
Lapis 17(3), 41-44 (1992)
Villach-Land District
Fresach
Laas
? Feldspar quarry
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien K�rntens, 1995
V�lkermarkt District
Griffen
Saualpe
G�rtschitz valley
Eberstein
? Hochfeistritz
G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien K�rntens, 1995