Competency :

2
The learner factors completely different types of polynomials (polynomials
with common monomial factor, difference of two squares, sum and difference of two
cubes, perfect square trinomial, and general trinomials). M8AL-Ia-b-1

To The Learners :
Before starting the module, I want you to set aside other tasks that will disturb
you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of
this module.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Writing enhances
learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
3. Perform all the provided activities in the module.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers using the answer key card.
5. Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

Expectations

This module was designed to help you master on how to factor polynomials using
the different types of factoring such as Common Monomial Factor, Difference of
Two Squares, Sum and Difference of Two Cubes, Perfect Square Trinomial,
Factoring by Grouping and other types of factoring .

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. enumerate the different types of factoring;
2. differentiate one type of factoring from another type;
3. distinguish factorable expressions and;
4. factor polynomials completely

3
 Pre-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. If x +2is one of the factors of 3 x3 y−12 xy ,then what are the other factors ?
a. 3 xy ( x−2 ) c. 3 xy ( x−1 )
b. 3 xy ( x +2 ) d. xy ( x+2 )

2. What type of factoring is usually applied to algebraic expressions consisting

of at least four terms?
a. Factoring by Grouping
b. Perfect Square Trinomial
c. Difference of Two Squares
d. Sum and Difference of Two Cubes

9 x8 6
3. In the expression 14
−4 x , what type of factoring is most appropriate to
y
use?
a. Factoring by Grouping
b. Perfect Square Trinomial
c. Difference of Two Squares
d. Sum and Difference of Two Cubes

4. What is the common monomial factor of the polynomial, 60 x 2 y −70 x 4 zw ?

a. 10 x c. 10 x 4
b. 10 x 2 d. 10 x 6

5. One of the factors of x 3+ x2 −x−1is x−1, what is the other factor?

a. x +1 c. ( x +1 )2
b. ( x−2 )2 d. ( x−1 )3

Note : (to all module writers, please prepare at least 10 questions

for the Pre-test )

4
 Looking Back to your Lesson

From your previous lesson, you have learned that there are certain cases of
products of polynomials which have been classified because of the special forms of
the factors. These products can be obtained easily by applying the Special Product
Formulas. The formulas are also called “special” because we need not proceed to
the distributive property in obtaining the products. Table 1 shows the different
types of special product formulas.

Table 1 Types of Special Products

Type 1. Product of Two Binomials ( mx+ ny )( px+ ry )=mpx 2+ ( mr+ np ) xy + nry 2

Type 2. Square of Binomial ( a+ b )2=a 2+ 2ab+ b2
( a−b )2 =a2−2 ab+ b2

Type 3. Product of the Sum and ( a+ b ) ( a−b )=a 2−b2

Difference of the Same Two Terms
Type 4. Cube of a Binomial ( a+ b )3=a3+ 3 a2 b+3 ab2 +b 3
( a−b )3 =a3−3 a2 b+ 3 ab2−b 3

Type 5. Square of a Trinomial ( a+ b+c )2=a 2+ b2 +c 2+ 2 ab+2 ac+2 bc

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 Introduction of the Topic

Lesson 1 :Factoring

Factoring Defined
Factoring reverses the multiplication process. In factoring polynomials, we shall be
adopting the reverse process of the special product formulas.

A polynomial with integral coefficients is no longer factorable if :

1. the coefficients have no common factor, and

2. it can not be expressed as the product of two polynomials of lower
degree.

Types of Factoring
1. Type 1. Common Monomial Factor

Basically, factoring the polynomial using the common monomial factor can be
illustrated as :
ax +ay =a(x + y )

The common factor between ax +ay is a ,thus the first factor is a .

To determine the other factor, divide ax +ay by a,

ax+ ay ax ay
Thus, = + =x+ y
a a a

Therefore: ax +ay =a( x + y )

Example 1. What are the factors of : 18 a3 b 4 w−12 ab 2

Solution : The common factor of 18 and -12 is 6;

for a 3∧a is a ;
and for b 4∧b 2 is b2.

Thus, 6 ab 2 is the common monomial factor.

Dividing each term by the common monomial factor gives :

18 a3 b4 w 2 2 −12 ab2
2
=3 a b w ; =−2
6 ab 6 ab2

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 Thus, 18 a3 b 4 w−12 ab 2=¿ 6 ab 2( 3 a2 b 2 w−2)

Example 2 : Find the factors of : 35 x 5 b 3−21 x 2 b7 −14 x6 b 9

Solution : The common factor of 35, 21, and 14 is 7;

for x 5 , x 2 , and x 6 is x 2 ;
and for b 3 , b 7 , and b 9 is b3;

Thus, 7 x 2 b 3 is the common monomial factor.

Dividing each term by the common monomial factor gives :

35 x 5 b3 21 x 2 b7 14 x6 b 9 3 4 4 6
2 3
− 2 3
− 2 3
=5 x −3 b −2 x b
7x b 7x b 7x b

Thus , 35 x 5 b 3−21 x 2 b7 −14 x6 b 9=7 x 2 b 3 ( 5 x 3−3 b 4−2 x 4 b6 )

Example 3 : Factor : 30 a s+1−84 ar +1

Solution : The common factor of 30 and -84 is 6 .

but, a s+1=as ∙ a , while a r+1=ar ∙ a
thus, the common factor of a s+1 and a r+1 is a

So, 6a is the common monomial factor.

Dividing each term by the common monomial factor gives :

30 as +1 84 ar +1 30 a s ∙ a 84 a r ∙a s r
− = − =5 a −14 a
6a 6a 6a 6a

Therefore, 30 a s+1−84 ar +1=6 a (5 as −14 ar )

2. Type 2. Difference of Two Squares

Note : ( To all module writers, please follow the procedures done under the Common
Monomial factor )

3. Type 3. Sum and Difference of Two Cubes

Note : ( To all module writers, please follow the procedures done under the Common
Monomial factor )

7
 4. Type 4. Perfect Square Trinomial

Note : ( To all module writers, please follow the procedures done under the Common
Monomial factor )

5. Type 5. Other Trinomials

Note : ( To all module writers, please follow the procedures done under the Common
Monomial factor )

6. Type 6. Factoring by Grouping

Note : ( To all module writers, please follow the procedures done under the Common
Monomial factor )

Activities

Activity 1.1 Find Me

Can you still recall how to find the factors of a polynomial using the Common
Monomial Factor? Supply the missing factor of each polynomial.

1. 15 a2 +25 b3 +35 c 2 5¿
x5 b8 x 10 b x5 b
2. − ¿
6 36 6
3. 16 x y −24 x 9 y 6+ 36 x 7 y 3
11 7 ¿¿
4. 34 x 3 y 4−51 x 2 y 2 17¿ ¿
5. 2 x n+1−4 x n 2¿ ¿

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Activity 1.2 Describe Me
Explain how to obtain the factors of each polynomial using the Difference of Two
Squares.

9 x8 6
1. 14
−4 x
y

2. 4 x 8−81
3. ( x + y )12 −4 z 14
4 2 1 2 6
4. r − t n
9 25
5. 25 x 10−( 2 y +7 z )2

Note: ( To all module writers, every type of factoring should have a

corresponding activity. Since I presented the 6 types of factoring, thus
activities should be up to Activity 1.6). Also, an activity under Lesson 2 –
Word Problems should be provided also. )

Remember

The following are the different types of Factoring. The technique in finding the
factors of each type is shown below :

1. Common Monomial Factor

ax +ay =a(x + y )

2. Difference of Two Squares

x 2− y 2=( x + y ) ( x− y )

3. Sum and Difference of Two Cubes

x 3+ y 3=( x + y ) ( x 2−xy + y2 )

x 3− y 3= ( x− y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 )

9
 4. Perfect Square Trinomial
2 2 2
x + 2 xy + y = ( x + y )

x 2−2 xy+ y 2=( x− y )2

5. Other Trinomials
x 2+ ( a+b ) x +ab=( x+ a ) ( x +b )

6. Factoring by Grouping

Proper grouping of terms is necessary to make the given polynomial

factorable. This type of factoring is usually applied to a polynomial
consisting of at least four terms. To factor completely the polynomial, all
types of factoring can be used.

Check your Understanding

Factor the following polynomials :

1. 180 s 3 t +150 s 2 t 3−240 s2 t 2

4 16 y 8
2. 81 x −
b4
3. 2 x 4−128 x
4. x 4 −8 x2 +16
5. 4 x2 −4 x−8
6. x 3−x 2−x +1
7. 6 x 2−9 x−15
8. 5 a 4+ 625 a
81 x 5
9. −x
b8

10
 10. 85 a n+1−51 an

Post-test

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. If x +2is one of the factors of 3 x3 y−12 xy ,then what are the other factors ?
a. 3 xy ( x−2 ) c. 3 xy ( x−1 )
b. 3 xy ( x +2 ) d. xy ( x+2 )

2. What type of factoring is usually applied to algebraic expressions consisting

of at least four terms?
a. Factoring by Grouping
b. Perfect Square Trinomial
c. Difference of Two Squares
d. Sum and Difference of Two Cubes

9 x8 6
3. In the expression 14
−4 x , what type of factoring is most appropriate to
y
use?
a. Factoring by Grouping
b. Perfect Square Trinomial
c. Difference of Two Squares
d. Sum and Difference of Two Cubes

4. What is the common monomial factor of the polynomial, 60 x 2 y −70 x 4 zw ?

a. 10 x c. 10 x 4
b. 10 x 2 d. 10 x 6

5. One of the factors of x 3+ x2 −x−1is x−1, what is the other factor?

a. x +1 c. ( x +1 )2
b. ( x−2 )2 d. ( x−1 )3

11
 Note : (to all module writers, the questions here are the same
questions given on the Pre-test )

Additional Activities

To better understand the lesson, watch the video lesson on write the link here
entitled “Factoring Polynomials 101”

Answer Key

Activity 1.2 Activity 1.1 Pretest

Describe Me 1. a
1.
Find Me 2. a
3. c
2. 1. 4. b
3. 2.
4. 5. c
3.
5. 4.
5.

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References :

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph