Physics Project

Name :- RAHUL

Class :- Xll - A

Roll No. :-
 This is to certify that the project entitled
"FACTORS AFFECTING THE RANGE OF PROJECTILE"

submitted by Rahul of class 12th - A in partial

fulfillment for the project in 'PHYSICS' at
'Prabhu Dayal Public school' is an authentic work
carried out by him under my supervision and
guidance.

...................................
Mrs. Sandeep Kaur
(Signature)
 Taken this opportunity to express my
respect and gratitude to my esteemed guide
Mrs. Sandeep Kaur for her valuable guidance
in making this project a reality. I am thankful
to her for her constant support and
encouragement and valuable supervision,
guidance and encouragement throughout ths
project completion period.
 Objective
 Apparatus
 Theory
 Procedure
 Observations
 Precautions
 Conclusion
 Result
 Objective

TO STUDY THE
FACTORS AFFECTING
RANGE AND HEIGHT
OF PROJECTILE.

 Apparatus Required
 All Pins
 Projectile Stand
 Protractor
 100 cm long scale
• What is a projectile?
– A body in free fall that is subject only to
the forces of gravity and air resistance.
– Motion of bodies flung into the air.
– Occurs in many activities, such as baseball,
diving, figure skating, basketball, golf, and
volleyball.
– A special case of linear kinematics.
 Factors Affecting
The Range Of Projectile

a) Angle of projection
b) Projection velocity
c) Relative Height of Projection
Factors Influencing Projectile
Trajectory
• Trajectory shape dependent on angle
of projection in absence of air
resistance.
• If angle perfectly vertical, trajectory
also vertical.
• If angle oblique, trajectory is parabolic.
• If angle horizontal, trajectory is half
parabola.
 5
Maximum height

3
(m)

2
0 1 2 3 4 5
1 6 Range
7 8
(distance)
9 10 11
(m)
0

This scaled diagram shows the size and

shape of trajectories for an object
projected at 10 m/s at different angles.

If purpose to maximize range, optimum

angle of landing is always 45º.
If purpose to maximize range & projection
height is zero, the optimum angle of
projection (and landing) is 45°.
If purpose to maximize range & projection
height is above landing (+), optimum
angle of projection less than 45°.

FACTORS INFLUENCING PROJECTILE MOTION

(Neglecting Air Resistance)
Variable
Flight time
FactorsInitial vertical velocity
of Influence
Relative projection height
Horizontal velocity
Horizontal displacement
Initial vertical velocity
Vertical displacement
Relative projection height
Initial
Trajectory vertical
Initial speed
Projection
velocityangle
Relative projection height
Initial length of Rubber Band:-

Length of stretched rubber band:-

Height of Projectile Stand:-

Observation Table
Range Variation for Angle ( )
Angle ( ) Range (in cm)

Range Variation for Angle (90- )

Angle (90- ) Range in (cm) Approx Error
As per experimental error the
angle of projection ( ) and
(90- ) of rubber are found to be
approximately same.
Precautions
Take the recordings carefully
with calculating errors.

Rubber band length should be

noted both initial and stretched.

Handle the all pins carefully.

 Summary
• Variables used to describe motion are either:
– Scalar (magnitude only: e.g. time, distance
and speed).
– Vector (magnitude and direction: e.g.
displacement, velocity and acceleration).
• Displacement is the change in position of a body.
• Average velocity is the change in position divided
by the change in time.
• Average acceleration is the change in velocity
divided by the change in time.
• The resultant and angle of a vector variable can
be calculated from its horizontal and vertical
components using Pythagorean Theorem and
trigonometry.
• The horizontal and vertical components of a
vector variable can be calculated from its
resultant and angle using trigonometry.
 www.google.com

 NCERT Physics Textbook