ASSIGNMENT 2

Question 3

At the construction site, evaluate all major connections of the project and provide structural
detailing of:

I. Beam to column
II. Slab to beam
III. Column to foundation

Answer:
Connection in Precast Concrete construction shall perform two key functions which are first,
to ensure the final structural performance of building and second, to provide temporary
support during component erection. They are three type structural component that need a
connection which are beam to column, slab to beam and column to foundation.

Besides, the performance-based design criteria of connection are to accomplish the

prerequisite of strength, ductility, geometry tolerance, durability and fire-resistance and the
following below is the basic understanding that important for engineer to design and develop
correct work details for the precast concrete connection:
a) Internal forces at the connection
b) Structural response action in transmitting or distributing them beyond the connection
area
c) This is to ensure quality and final satisfactory performance of the in-service structure.

All three type structural component above are conventional connections which is using
reinforcing bars connection that have been designed for this project. Reinforcement bar
connection system that is designed to allow for simple and fast continuity of steel
reinforcement across construction joints in concrete.
 I. Beam to Column

Usual practice is to work out the reinforcement in column above and below the joint area and
provide reinforcement equal to greater out of the two throughout the joint. Length of column
for this purpose is taken as sum of half the length of upper storey and half the length of lower
storey. Once the reinforcements in beam and column are determined, the beam formwork is
placed around already installed column bars. Later, beam reinforcements are placed.

In this type of structure, multiple connection plates are used to transfer the force caused under
shearing action along with the moment created in bending. These plates are fixed along
column flanges through the welding process. The sides of the plate are fixed along the
column flanges, while the edges of the plates are fixed along the beam flanges through the
welding.

In order to prevent any kind of crippling or buckling phenomenon, multiple continuity plates
are fixed between the two beam flanges on each side of the beam web. Two horizontal
constraints connect the flanges of two continuous beams on both sides of the connections.
 II. Slab to Beam
This type of slab is supported with beams and columns, with the load transferred to
those elements. A conventional slab is classified as either:

 One-way: Supported by beams on two opposite sides, carrying the load along one

direction.
 Two-way: Supported by beams on all four sides, carrying the load along both
direction

Conventional (rebar) slab benefits

 Rebar slabs work well for odd column layouts or geometries.

 Rebar slabs have more flexibility in terms of tenant modifications. It is simpler to add,
say, a stair opening in a rebar slab than a similar post-tensioned slab.
 Rebar slabs are simpler to build, and require less technical expertise than post-
tensioned slabs. Rebar placement tolerances are not as strict as would be required for
PT tendons.
 Rebar slabs are most economical for buildings with smaller bays and span lengths.
 Slab steps and depressions are simple to design and construct.

III. Column to Foundation

The method of connection to the foundation and to the column will vary with manufacturer.
Foundation connection may be via a base plate connected to the column or by reinforcing
bars projecting from the end of the column passing into sleeves that are subsequently filled
with grout. Alternatively, a column may be set into a preformed hole in a foundation block
and grouted into position. Regarding foundation to column joints, base plates are welded to
the end of columns. The most desired shape of base plate is square and rectangular shape
because such plates provide largest spacing between the bolts which is desirable. As far as
column splices are concern, it is provided in every two or three storey to ease erection
process in addition to simplify steel column production and deliveries.
Basically for
conventional convention, two to four bars of reinforcing steel, commonly called rebar, are
suspended in the trench and then it's filled with concrete to form a continuous solid beam of
reinforced concrete around the perimeter of the home. This beam is called the footing or
footer, and it creates the foundation of your home.

Next, a formed concrete wall, called a stem wall, is poured on top of the footing. The stem
wall typically isn't reinforced with steel because it's not subjected to the movement or
expansion of the soil underneath like the footing is.

After that, the under-slab plumbing gets added and then the interior area of the concrete floor,
commonly referred to as the slab, is poured. The concrete slab isn't physically attached to the
stem wall, so it's commonly known as a floating slab.
Figure 1 : Shows the pictures of connection between beam to column

Figure 2 : Shows the pictures of connection between slab to beam