1. In plants, fibers are a type of ___ cell.

A. Parenchyma
B. Sclerenchyma
C. Collenchyma
D. Mesophyll
2. Ground tissue consist mainly of __.
a. Waxes and cellulose
b. Lignified cell walls
c. parenchyma cells
d. cork but not bark
3. Which of the following cell types remain alive in mature tissue? Choose all that apply.
a. Companion cells
b. Sieve elements
c. Tracheids
d. Vessel elements
4. All of the vascular bundles inside a typical ____ are arranged in a ring.
a. Monocot stem
b. Eudicot stem
c. Monocot root
d. Eudicot root
5. Epidermis and periderm are ____ tissues.
a. Ground
b. Vascular
c. Dermal
6. A vascular bundle in a leaf is called ___.
a. Xylem
b. Mesophyll
c. Vein
7. Typically, vascular tissue is organized as ____ in stems as ____ in roots.
A. Multiple vascular bundles; one vascular cylinder
B. One vascular bundle; multiple vascular cylinders
C. One vascular cylinder; multiple vascular bundles
D. Multiple vascular cylinders; one vascular bundle
8. An onion is a ___ (choose all that apply)
a. Root
b. Stem
c. Bulb
d. Corm
9. In a(an) ____, the primary root is typically the largest
a. Lateral meristem
b. Adventitious root system
c. Fibrous root system
d. Taproot system
10. Root hairs ____.
a. Conduct water from cortex to aboveground shoots
b. Increase the root’s surface area for absorption
c. Anchor the plant in soil
11. Roots and shoots lengthen through activity at _____.
a. Apical meristems
b. Lateral meristems
c. Vascular cambium
d. Cork cambium
12. The activity of lateral meristems ____ older roots and stems.
a. Lengthens
b. Thickens
c. Both a and b
13. Tree rings occur because ___.
a. There are droughts during the time the rings form
b. Environmental conditions influence xylem cell size
c. Heartwood alternates with sapwood
d. Periderm replaces epidermis
14. In flowers, a ___ contains one or more ovaries.
a. Pollen sac
b. Carpel
c. Receptacle
d. Sepal
15. In flowers, the structures that produce male and female gametophytes are called ___ and ____.
a. Pollen grains; flowers
b. Stamens; carpel
c. Anthers; stigma
d. Megaspores; microspores
16. The seed coat forms from the ____.
a. Integuments
b. Coleoptile
c. Endosperm
d. Sepals
17. Seeds are mature ____: fruits are mature ____.
a. Ovaries; ovules
b. Ovules; stamens
c. Ovules; ovaries
d. Stamens; ovaries
18. Exposure to ____ can trigger seed germination.
a. Light
b. Cold
c. Smoke
d. All can be triggered
19. Which of the following is false?
a. Stems have vascular bundles and roots have vascular cylinders
b. Lateral roots can arise from nodes on a mot.
c. Primary growth (lengthening) can occur at an axillary bud.
d. Apical meristem gives rise to epidermal tissue, ground tissue and vascular tissue.
e. Wood is xylem that forms during secondary growth
20. Cotyledons develop as part of ___.
a. Carpels
b. accessory fruits
c. embryo sporophytes
d. flowers
21. The three main parts of a typical mature eudicot seed are the __.
a. Pollen grain, egg, and seed coat
b. Embryo, endosperm and seed coat
c. Megaspores, microspores and ovule
d. Embryo, cotyledons and seed coat
22. Plant hormones ___.
a. Trigger the same responses in animals and plants
b. Are cues for tropisms
c. Do not participate in stress response
d. May have different effects in different tissues
23. Figure "A" in the accompanying figure is a ___.
a. Cotyledon
b. Cladode
c. Corm
d. Eudicot leaf
e. Monocot leaf
24. The plant parts ABOVE the line “C” represents the
a. Ground tissue only
b. Root system
c. Shoot system
d. Stalk
e. Light independent parts

25. The absorption of water and minerals occurs at the structure labeled
26. The seeds are located inside the structure labeled
27. The sexual organs of the plant are contained in the structure labeled
28. Cells are rich in chlorophyll and thus the main
sites of photosynthesis are in layers labeled __
29. Epidermis is labeled __.
30. The spongy mesophyll is labeled __.

31. The letter “B” in the accompanying figure represents the

___.
32. The letter D in the figure represents the ___.

33. A stamen is ___.

a.  composed of a stigma, a style, and an ovary
b.  the mature male gametophyte
c.  composed of an anther and filament
d.  part of the vegetative phase of an angiosperm
e.  the structure that gives rise to the female gametophyte

34. The calyx is composed of __.

a. Petals
b. Sepals
c. Stigmas
d. Ovules
e. Anthers
35. Inside the corolla is a whorl of ____, the organs that produce male gametophytes.
a. Sepals
b. Petals
c. Carpels
d. Ovaries
e. Stamens
36. A flower that lacks one or more of the four types of modified leaves is referred to as ____.
a.  perfect
b.  imperfect
c.  complete
d.  incomplete
e.  Irregular
37. Which flower trait is associated with butterfly pollination?
a.  bowl-shaped, closed during the day
b.  strong, musty smells emitted at night
c.  absence of nectar
d.  dull flower colors, such as white or green
e.  bright flower colors, such as red and purple

38. ____-pollinated flowers are typically small, nonfragrant, and green, with large stigmas and
insignificant petals or sepals.
a. Bee
b. Bird
c. Bat
d. Wind
e. Water

39. Meiosis is indicated by the letter ____.

40. Sperm cells are indicated by the letter ____.
41. The mature male gametophyte is indicated by the letter ____.
42. Microspores are indicated by the letter ____.

43. "Double fertilization" produces nutrient tissue by the union of ____.

a. two egg nuclei and one sperm nucleus
b. two sperm nuclei and one egg nucleus
c. two sperm nuclei and two egg nuclei
d. one sperm nucleus and endosperm mother cell nuclei
e. two sperm nuclei and one endosperm mother cell nucleus

44. The endosperm of a plant ____.

a. is the food supply for the new sporophyte plant
b. is composed of haploid tissue
c. protects the young embryo within a seed
d. provides a connection between the ovary of a flower and a developing seed
 e. produces sperm cells

45. A cotyledon is indicated by the letter ____.

46. The embryonic root tip is indicated by the letter ___.
47. The embryonic shoot tip is indicated by the letter ____.

48. What are leaves specialized to do?

a. provide structural support
b. intercept sunlight for photosynthesis
c. absorb water
d. absorb minerals
e. distribute water and minerals
49. Which component distributes water and nutrients throughout the plant body?
a. Ground tissue
b. Vascular tissue
c. Dermal tissue
d. Root
e. Shoot
50. The vascular tissue that conducts water and mineral ions is called ____.
a. sieve elements
b. companion cells
c. sclerenchyma
d. xylem
e. phloem
51. Which flower trait is associated with butterfly pollination?
a. bowl-shaped, closed during the day
b. strong, musty smells emitted at night
c. absence of nectar
d. dull flower colors, such as white or green
e. bright flower colors, such as red and purple
52. The endosperm of a plant ____.
a. is the food supply for the new sporophyte plant
b. is composed of haploid tissue
c. protects the young embryo within a seed
d. provides a connection between the ovary of a flower and a developing seed
e. produces sperm cells
53. The seed is produced by the maturation of the ____.
a. Embryo
b. Ovule
c. Ovary
d. Sperm
 e. Pollen

Chapter 2

1. ____ tissues are sheetlike with one free surface.

a. Epithelial
b. Muscle
c. Nervous
d. Connective
2. ___ keep fluid from leaking between cells.
a. Tight junctions
b. Adhering junctions
c. Gap junctions
d. All of the above
3. Exocrine glands are specialized ___ tissue.
a. Epithelial
b. Muscle
c. Nervous
d. Connective
4. A rubbery secreted matrix of glycoproteins and collagen surrounds living cells in ___.
a. Bone
b. Cartilage
c. Adipose tissue
d. Blood
5. Blood cells develop from stem cells in ___.
a. Epidermis
b. Dermis
c. Cartilage
d. Bone
6. Your body’s main energy reservoir is ___.
a. Glycogen stored in cardiac muscle
b. Lipids stored in adipose tissue
c. Starch stored in skeletal muscle
d. Phosphorus stored in bone
7. Cytoplasmic extensions of __ send and receive chemical messages.
a. Neuroglial cells
b. Neurons
c. Fibroblasts
d. Melanocytes
8. ___ muscle pulls on bones and ___ muscle regulates the diameter of blood vessels.
a. Skeletal; cardiac
b. Smooth; cardiac
 c. Skeletal; smooth
d. Smooth; skeletal
9. Straps of dense, regular connective tissue ___.
a. Connect muscles to bones
b. Produce blood cells
c. Underlie the skin
d. Lack fibroblasts
10. ____ increase the surface area of some epithelial cells.
a. Microfilaments
b. Microvilli
c. Gap junctions
d. Adhering junctions
11. Tears are an __ secretion release by specialized __ tissue cells.
a. Endocrine; epithelial
b. Endocrine; connective
c. Exocrine; epithelial
d. Exocrine; connective
12. Cancers most commonly rise in __ tissue.
a. Epithelial
b. Muscle
c. Nervous
d. Connective
13. The most abundant protein in your body is __.
a. Melanin
b. Actin
c. Collagen
d. Keratin
14. With negative feedback, detection of a change brings about a response that __ the change.
a. Reverses
b. Accelerates
c. Has no effect on
d. Mimics
15. What is the term for similar cells that are organized together with a common function?
a. Interstitial organization
b. Organism
c. Tissue
d. Organ
16. Which body process most often involves in a negative feedback system?
a. Homeostasis
b. Reproduction
c. pH adjustment
d. Hybridization
17. Which tissue lines all internal surfaces and the lining of the gut?
a. Adipose
b. Epithelial
c. Loose connective
d. Fibrous
18. The secretion of tears, milk, saliva, and earwax is a function of which tissue?
a. Epithelial
b. Adipose
c. Lymphoid
d. Nervous
19. Exocrine glands secrete all of the following except __.
a. Earwax
b. Mucus
c. Milk
d. Hormone
20. Where can a ciliated epithelial cell be found?
a. Heart
b. Oviduct
c. Blood
d. Mouth
21. What is the most abundant protein in the human body?
a. Collagen
b. Elastin
c. Triglycerides
d. Amino acid
22. Which type of connective tissue holds bones together?
a. Collagen
b. Tendons
c. Ligaments
d. Cartilage
23. Which fiber adds strength to connective tissue?
a. Collagen
b. Cartilage
c. Blood d. Adipose tissue
24. Cardiac muscle cells are ____.
a. Involuntary
b. Slow contracting
c. Spindle-shaped
d. Multinucleated
25. Which part of a neuron allows it to receive and send electrochemical signals?
a. Neuroglial extension
 b. Cytoplasmic extension
c. Nucleus
d. Interneuron
26. What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
a. Conduction
b. Hormonal control of the body
c. Protection against disease
d. Contraction
27. What is one function of the muscular system?
a. Transmission of electrical signal
b. Exchange of gases with the atmosphere
c. Heat production
d. Connection of ligaments to the bones
28. The integration of body functions is controlled by the ____.
a. Respiratory system only
b. Respiratory and immune system
c. Nervous system and endocrine system
d. Endocrine system only
29. Which system produces red blood cells?
a. Skeletal
b. Endocrine
c. Integumentary
d. Muscular
30. Which organ is part of more than one organ system?
a. Pancreas
b. Stomach
c. Intestine
d. Liver
31. The integumentary system is most involved in ____.
a. Outer body covering
b. Resistance
c. Support
d. Exhange of gases
32. What is one function of the integumentary system?
a. Immune function
b. Exhange of gases
c. Protection against dessication
d. Blood cell formation

33. Which organ in the human body has the largest surface?
a. Liver
b. Lungs
c. Heart
 d. Skin

34. Melanin is produced in ____.

a. Integumentary system
b. Muscle tissue
c. Connective tissue
d. Epithelial tissue
35. The hypodermis is composed of ____.
blood vessels → insulation
oil glands  → insulation

a. Connective and adipose tissue

b. Sebaceous and sweat glands
c. Adipose and connective tissue
d. Blood and lympathic vessel

36. Four of the following might be a response to rising body temperature. Which one is the
exception?
a. Decrease secretion of certain hormones
b. Reduced blood flow to skin
c. More sweat
d. Increase the rate of breathing
37. Homeostasis is ultimately regulated by the ____.
a. Brain
b. Oil gland
c. Exocrine glands
d. Endocrine glands
38. Which is the first line of defense against infectious bacteria found in food?
a. Endocrine
b. Lympathic
c. Digestive
d. Circulatory

39. What organ system is involved in the immune response?

a. Circulatory
b. Lympathic
c. Digestive
d. Endocrine
40.  What organ system initially encounters airborne pathogens?
a. Respiratory
b. Lympathic
c. Digestive
 d. Circulatory

41. What organ system distributes antibodies throughout the body?

a. Circulatory
b. Digestive
c. Lymphatic
d. Respiratory
42. What organ system recovers excess tissue fluid
a. Lymphatic
b. endocrine
c. circulatory
d. digestive
43. Which type of stem cell is most able to produce a new individual?
a. Unipotent
b. Pluripotent
c. Adult stem cell
d. Totipotent
44. What is the best definition of an organ?
a. A single type of tissue
b. A type of glandular tissue
c. Muscle tissue that has differentiated from stem cells
d. Two or more tissue working together to perform a specific task
45. A negative feedback system has four steps. Please choose the answer that lists the steps in the
correct order.
a. Brain, effectors, sensory receptors, stimulus
b. Stimulus, sensory receptors, brain, effectors
c. Sensory receptors, stimulus, brain, effectors
d. Effectors, brain, sensory receptors, stimulus
46. Which type of epithelial tissue lines the blood vessels and the heart?
a. Simple squamous
b. Simple columnar
c. Complex cuboidal
d. Simple cuboidal
Chapter 3

1. An endoskeleton consists of __.

a. A fluid in an internal space
b. Hardened plates at the surface of a body
c. Internal hard parts
d. A fluid surrounds the body
2. Bones are __.
a. Mineral reservoirs
b. Skeletal muscle’s partners
c. Sites where blood cells form
d. All of the above
3. Bones move when __ muscles contract.
a. Cardiac
b. Skeletal
c. Smooth
d. All of the above
4. The ligament connects __.
a. Bones at a joint
b. A Muscle to a bone
c. A muscle to a tendon
d. A tendon to a bone
5. Parathyroid hormone stimulates __.
a. Bone breakdown
b. Bone deposition
c. Red blood cell formation
d. All of the above
6. The ___ attaches to the pelvic girdle.
a. Radius
b. Sternum
c. Femur
d. Tibia
7. The __ is the basic unit of contraction
a. Osteoblast
b. Sarcomere
c. Twitch
d. Myosin filament
8. In sarcomeres, phosphate-group transfers from ATP activate ___.
a. Actin
b. Myosin
 c. Troponin
d. Z bands

9. A sarcomere shortens when __.

a. Thick filaments shorten
b. Thin filaments shorten
c. Both thick and thin filaments shorten
d. None of the above
10. Muscle fibers produce ATP by ___.
a. Aerobic respiration
b. Lactate fermentation
c. Creatine phosphate breakdown
d. All of the above
11. Injection of C, botulinum toxin (Botox) __.
a. Causes irreversible muscle contraction
b. Prevents ATP formation by a muscle
c. Prevents release of ACh by motor neurons
d. All of the above
12. A motor unit is __.
a. A muscle and the bone it moves
b. Two muscles that work in opposition
c. The amount a muscle shortens during contraction
d. A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls
13. ___ from a motor neuron excites a muscle fiber.
a. Ach
b. GABA
c. Calcium
d. Phosphate
14. The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and releases ___.
a. Ach
b. GABA
c. Calcium
d. Phosphate
15. The main protein in bones is __.
a. Actin
b. Myosin
c. Collagen
d. Calcium
16. ___ joints are the most common joints of the body
a. Fibrous
b. Cartilaginous
c. Smooth
d. Synovial
17. Bully whippets are abnormally heavily muscled because __.
a. They are homozygous for the deletion in the myostatin gene
b. They are homozygous for the wild-type myostatin gene
c. They have an over-abundance of testosterone
d. They have an over-abundance of growth hormone
e. They are heterozygous for the deletion in the myostatin gene
18. In comparison to men, women make much less __.
a. Progesterone
b. Myostatin
c. Estrogen
d. Testosterone
e. Growth hormone
19. What type of skeleton is found in an earthworm?
a. Cartilaginous
b. Exoskeleton
c. Hydrostatic
d. Bone
e. Chitinous
20. Which type of skeleton is found in a starfish?
a. Exoskeleton
b. Cartilaginous
c. Chitinous
d. Hydrostatic
e. Endoskeleton
21. Which of the following does not have an exoskeleton?
a. Lobsters
b. Earthworms
c. Centipedes
d. Spiders
e. Insects
22. Largest bone in the human body is the __.
a. Pelvis
b. Femur
c. Ulna
d. Skull
e. Tibia
23. The axial skeleton includes which of the following?
a. Phalanges
b. Ulna
c. Metatarsals
 d. Ribs
e. Femur

24. A ___ cushions the area between the knee cap and the femur
a. Ligament
b. Tendon
c. Fascia
d. Suture
e. Bursa
25. Which of the following is properly matched?
a. Osteoclasts and bone breakdown
b. Osteoclasts and initial bone formation
c. Osteocytes and initial bone formation
d. Osteoblasts and cartilage formation
e. Osteoblasts and bone breakdown
26. What is the name of the area where bones meet and interact?
a. Ligament
b. Joint
c. Osteoblast
d. Connective tissue
e. Bony matrix
27. What is an autoimmune disorder that affects the skeletal system?
a. Hashimoto’s disease
b. Rheumatoid arthritis
c. Grave’s disease
d. Osteoarthritis
e. Polio
28. When bones of a joint slip out of places, it is known as __.
a. A break
b. A dislocation
c. A strain
d. Arthritis
e. A sprain
29. The knee is an example of a __.
a. Fibrous joint
b. Ligament
c. Cartilaginous joint
d. Synovial joint
e. Meniscus
30. Which of the following is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
a. Humerus connected to the scapula
b. Leg bone connected to the hip bone
c. Two vertebrae connected together
 d. Ulna connected to the tibia
e. Teeth connected to the jaw

31. A sheath of connective tissue that enclose each skeletal muscle is known as __.
a. A ligament
b. A joint
c. Cartilage
d. A sphincter
e. A tendon
32. Muscle fibers contain __ for making ATP
a. Sarcomeres
b. Myosin
c. Myofibrils
d. Many mitochondria
e. Indentations
33. Skeletal muscle cells are not typical cells because __.
a. Groups of them fuse in the embryo to form multinucleated fibers
b. They operate independently from all other body systems
c. They are smooth
d. They do not respond stimuli
e. They are hydrostatic
34. An example of boneless muscular organ is __.
a. Muscle fiber
b. Ligament
c. Urethra
d. Tongue
e. Tendon
35. During muscle contraction, __.
a. The actin filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere
b. The muscle fibers are motionless
c. The actin and myosin filaments slide in the same direction
d. The sarcomeres lengthen
e. The muscle fibers elongate
36. Energized myosin heads bind to actin only when __ is present.
a. Calcium
b. Myosin
c. Sodium
d. AMP
e. ATP
37. The contractile unit of a muscle is the
a. Myofibril
b. Myosin head
c. Actin filaments
 d. Sarcomere
e. Phosphate group

38. Action potentials traveling down the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber will next reach the __
after leaving the T tubules.
a. Cytoskeletal system
b. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
c. Mitochondria
d. Endomembrane system
e. Neuromuscular junction
39. The mechanical force generated by a contracting muscle is called __.
a. A motor neuron
b. A motor unit
c. The action potential
d. Muscle tension
e. The energizing of myosin molecules
40. When a sarcomere is at rest, the myosin binding sites on actin are blocked by __.
a. AMP
b. Sodium
c. Tropomyosin
d. The myosin heads
e. Phosphorous
41. Which of the following is true concerning the pathogen that causes tetanus?
a. The bacteria tend to colonize wounds
b. The toxin produced by the pathogen prevents muscle contraction
c. The pathogen is a virus
d. The bacteria are airborne
e. The bacteria are spread by respiration
42. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) usually causes death by __,
a. Paralysis
b. Respiratory failure
c. Heart failure
d. Brain death
e. Liver failure
43. An immediate source of energy for exercising muscle cells is __.
a. Anaerobic respiration
b. Fermentation
c. Glycolysis
d. Aerobic respiration
e. Creatine phosphate
44. Which of these occurs during vigorous exercise?
a. Creatine phosphate formation
b. Actin depletion
 c. Glycogen buildup
d. Glycolysis
e. Lactate fermentation

45. Aerobic training __.

a. Is fueled mostly by creatine phosphate
b. Promotes break down of actin and myosin
c. Produces muscle fibers that fatigue quickly
d. Makes skeletal muscles become rigid and stiff
e. Makes skeletal muscles more resistant to fatigues
46. Prolonged sitting decreases production of __, which facilitates removal of harmful lipids from
the blood.
a. Phosphates
b. Lactose
c. Lipoprotein lipase
d. ADP
e. ATP

Chapter 4

1. All vertebrates have ___.

a. A closed circulatory system
b. A two-chambered heart
c. Hemolymph
d. All of the above
2. In __, blood flows through two completely separate circuits.
a. Birds
b. Mammals
c. Fish
d. Both a and b
3. The ___ circuit carries blood to and from lungs
a. Systematic
b. Pulmonary
4. The plasma protein albumin is made by ___.
a. White blood cells
b. Red blood cells
c. The heart
d. The liver
5. Platelets function in __.
 a. Oxygen transport
b. Blood clotting
c. Thermal regulation
d. Both a and b

6. Most oxygen is transported ____.

a. In red blood cells
b. In white blood cells
c. Bound to hemoglobin
d. Both a and c
7. Blood flows directly from left atrium to ___.
a. The aorta
b. The left ventricle
c. The right atrium
d. The pulmonary arteries
8. Contraction of ___ drives the flow of blood through the aorta and pulmonary arteries
a. Atria
b. Ventricles
9. Blood pressure is highest in the __ and lowest in the __.
a. Arteries; veins
b. Arterioles; venules
c. Veins; arteries
d. Capillaries; arterioles
10. At rest, the largest volume of blood is in __,
a. Arteries
b. Capillaries
c. Veins
d. Arterioles
11. Which of the following has the thickest wall?
a. Left atrium
b. Left ventricle
c. Right atrium
d. Right ventricle
12. Lymph nodes filter __.
a. Blood
b. Lymph
c. Plasma
d. All of the above
13. Which statement is true about sudden cardiac arrest?

  a. It happens about 20,000 times annually in the United States.

  b. It is usually caused by a birth defect when it happens in people aged 36 or younger.
  c. Its survival rate can be increased by performing a tracheotomy
   d. It occurs only in the elderly.
  e. Its survival rate increases about 10% through the use of CPR.

14. Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) _____.

a. are not as effective as CPR for starting a heart stopped by sudden cardiac arrest
b. are not as effective as CCR for starting a heart stopped by sudden cardiac
arrest
c. require medical personnel to administer
d. are not yet readily available in public places
e. improve survival from sudden cardiac arrest

Chapter 5

1. Respiratory proteins such as hemocyanin ___.

a. Contain metal ions
b. Occur only in vertebrates
c. Increase the efficiency of oxygen transport
d. Both a and c
2. In a ___, air flows continually across the respiratory surface.
a. Fish
b. Bird
c. Frog
d. Mammal
3. The tracheal tubes of insects carry ___ to tissues deep inside the body
a. Hemolymph
b. Blood
c. Air
d. Water
4. In human lungs, gas exchange occurs at the ___.
a. Bronchi
b. Bronchioles
c. Alveoli
d. Pleural sacs
5. Which holds the most dissolved oxygen?
a. Warm, still water
 b. Warm, running water
c. Cold, running water
d. Cold, still water
6. When you breathe quietly, inhalation is ___ and exhalation is __.
a. Passive; passive
b. Active; active
c. Passive; active
d. Active; passive
7. During inhalation ___.
a. The thoracic cavity expands
b. The diaphragm relaxes
c. Atmospheric pressure declines
d. Both a and c

8. ___ binds to hemoglobin even more strongly than oxygen does.

a. Carbon dioxide
b. Carbon monoxide
c. Oxyhemoglobin
d. Carbonic anhydrase
9. Most oxygen transported in human blood __.
a. Is bound to hemoglobin
b. Combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide
c. Is in the form of bicarbonate
d. Is dissolved in the plasma
10. At high altitudes, __.
a. Nitrogen bubbles out of the blood
b. Hemoglobin has fewer oxygen-binding sites
c. There are fewer O2 molecules than at low altitudes
d. Both b and c
11. In fish gills, blood and water move ___.
a. In the same direction
b. In opposite directions
c. Through tracheal tubes
d. In hemolymph
12. ___ in arteries sense changes in the acidity of the blood
a. Mechanoreceptors
b. Neurotransmitters
c. Photoreceptors
d. Chemoreceptors
13. The diaphragm is a __ muscle.
a. Smooth
b. Skeletal
c. Dome shaped
d. A and c