Design of closed loop fly back converter using 3524 IC

Aim:

To generate a variable dc voltage fed from a constant dc source. The output voltage of
the converter is varied by varying the firing angle given to the thyristor and to maintain constant
output voltage by employing closed loop operation.

Operation:

Choppers are mainly employed to get a variable dc output voltage from a constant dc
source. The control circuit is introduced by employing Thyristors between the load and a
constant dc voltage source. The output voltage applied to a load circuit is controlled by
controlling the triggering angle of the Thyristors.

There are different types of choppers available in maket to control the dc power flow:

1) buck converter (step down converter)

2) boost converter(step up converter)

3) buck-boost converter(step down/up converter)

4) fly back converter(step down converter)

In this paper we are going to study the designing aspects of closed loop fly back converter. As
stated above the control technique is introduced by employing controlled switches ( thyristor)
between load and source. The required trigger pulses to the thyristor switch is generated using
3524 ic. Therefore by controlling the duty cycle of the switch the average output voltage can be
controlled.
The major building blocks of the project are:

1. Power supply section

2. Controlling section
3. Driver ic section
4. Sensing section

The required gate pulses are generated using 3524 pwm ic.it is an 16 pin dual in pack ic. It
generates pwm signal at high frequency .The operating frequency is determined by frequency
determining components R & C connected to pwm ic. This pwm is given to driver ic 4425 which boost
the pwm signal to drive thyristor. Here an opto coupler is used in order to protect logic section from
power section. Output voltage is maintained constant by employing Closed loop operation. Here the
output voltage is sensed and given back to the comparator inbuilt to the ic. The comparator compares
the output voltage and set voltage, if there is any difference an error signal is generated which changes
pwm duty cycle until the error signal becomes zero. There by maintaining a constant output voltage
irrespective of amount of load applied to it.

Advantages:

1) Accurate value of the output voltage will be obtained

2) Wide range of control is possible.
3) Power loss in the converter is very less than the rheostatic method.

Disadvantages:

1) Harmonics will be induced in the line.

Applications:

1) Lighting / Illumination for domestic usage.

2) Speed control of dc motors.
3) Industrial heating & Domestic heating.
4) Intermittent power stages.
5) DC magnet control
Block diagram:
SOFTWARE TOOLS USED:

1. Embedded C programming language

2. KEIL IDE for writing the program for micro controller

3. PROLOAD for dumping

4. ORCAD to draw the schematic diagram

HARDWARE USED:

1. AT89s52 Micro Controller

2. Power supply

3. LCD Display

4. infrared les’s

5. keypad

6. l293d driver ic.