ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2018 IJESC

Research Article Volume 8 Issue No.3

Design of smoke detection using Microcontroller

Neelam kumari1, Kalyani Dhal2, Madhuri Rani Mahapatra3, Subhashree Shaktimayee Biswal4
UG Student1, 2, 3, Assistant Professor4
Department of Applied Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 1, 2, 3, Department of Electronics4
GIET, India

Abstract:
Approximation methods exist to provide estimates of smoke detector response based on optical density, temperature rise, and gas
velocity thresholds. The objective of this study was to assess the uncertainty associated with these estimation methods.
Experimental data was used to evaluate recommended alarm thresholds and to quantify the associated error. With few exceptions,
less than 50 percent of the predicted alarm times occurred within ± 60 seconds of the experimental alarms. At best, errors of 20 to
60 percent (in under-prediction) occurred for smouldering fires using an optical density threshold. For flaming fires, errors in
predicted alarm times on the order of 100 to 1000 percent in over-prediction of the experimental alarms were common. Overall,
none of the approximation methods distinguished themselves as vastly superior. Great care must be exercised when applying
these approximation methods to ensure that the uncertainty in the predicted alarm times is appropriately considered.

Keywords: microcontroller, sensor, registers, capacitors, transformer, buzzer driver, LED.

I. INTRODUCTION

A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as

an indicator of fire. Commercial and residential security
devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of
a fire alarm system, while household detectors, known
as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or
visual alarm from the detector itself.

Smoke detectors are typically housed in a disk-shaped plastic

enclosure about 150 millimetres (6 in) in diameter and 25
millimetres (1 in) thick, but the shape can vary by
manufacturer or product line.
MICROCONTROLLER:
Most smoke detectors work either by optical detection
(photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), while others
use both detection methods to increase sensitivity to smoke.
Sensitive alarms can be used to detect, and thus deter, smoking
in areas where it is banned.

Smoke detectors in large commercial, industrial, and

residential buildings are usually powered by a central fire
alarm system, which is powered by the building power with a
battery backup.

However, in many single-family detached and smaller multiple

family housings, a smoke alarm is often powered only by a
single disposable battery.

Design principle:

In the present scenario technological environment the

embedded system is getting first choice for designer for its
flexibility and miniature size. This telecom interfaced security
system is very much useful product for remote surveillance
and one can monitor the office, home, industrial premise etc
from the remote place.

The micro controller based system monitors the condition of

the system and on receiving the fault the controller activate a Smoke detection using mq-7 sensor:The analog gas sensor -
buzzer for information and monitor it in a LED. MQ2 is used in gas leakage detecting equipment in consumer

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and industry markets, this sensor is suitable for detecting LPG,
i-butane, propane, methane ,alcohol, Hydrogen, smoke. It has a
high sensitivity and fast response time. And the sensitivity can
be adjusted by the potentiometer
Power supply
In this project the power supply required is very much
precession and also requires different level of power supply.
Basically the power supply used for the transmitter and
receiver is arranged from a battery. Along with the battery the
power supply requirement are +12 Volt and +5Volt.
description
The power supply designed for catering a fixed demand
connected in this project. The basic requirement for designing
a power supply is as follows,
1. The different voltage levels required for operating the
devices. Here +5Volt required for operating microcontroller.
And +12Volt required for drivers etc.
2.The current requirement of each device or load must be
added to estimate the final capacity of the power supply.
The power supply always specified with one or multiple
voltage outputs along with a current capacity. As it is estimate
the requirement of power is approximately as follows,
Out Put Voltage = +5Volt, +12Volt
Capacity = 1000mA
The power supply is basically consisting of three sections as
follows,
1. Step down section
2. Rectifier Section
3. Regulator section
Design principle:
There are two methods for designing power supply, the
average value method and peak value method. In case of small
power supply peak value method is quit economical, for a
particular value of DC output the input AC requirement is
appreciably less. In this method the Dc output is approximately
equal to Vm. The rectifier output is approximately charged to
Vcc due to charging of the capacitor. The capacitance provides
the backup during the discharge period. So, the value of the
capacitor is calculated
Circuit connection: - In this we are using Transformer (0-12)
vac, 1Amp, IC 7805 & 7812, diodes IN 4007,LED& resistors.
Here 230V, 50 Hz ac signal is given as input to the primary of
the transformer and the secondary of the transformer is given
to the bridge rectification diode. The o/p of the diode is given
as i/p to the IC regulator (7805 &7812) through capacitor
(1000mf/35v). The o/p of the IC regulator is given to the LED
through resistors.
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, March 2018
Circuit Explanations:- When ac signal is given to the primary
of the transformer, due to the magnetic effect of the coil
magnetic flux is induced in the coil(primary) and transfer to
the secondary coil of the transformer due to the transformer
action.” Transformer is an electromechanical static device
which transformer electrical energy from one coil to another
without changing its frequency”. Here the diodes are
connected in a bridge fashion. The secondary coil of the
transformer is given to the bridge circuit for rectification
purposes. During the +ve cycle of the ac signal the diodes D2
& D4 conduct due to the forward bias of the diodes and diodes
D1 & D3 does not conduct due to the reversed bias of the
diodes. Similarly during the –ve cycle of the ac signal the
diodes D1 & D3 conduct due to the forward bias of the diodes
and the diodes D2 & D4 does not conduct due to reversed bias
of the diodes. The output of the bridge rectifier is not a power
dc along with rippled ac is also present. To overcome this
effect, a capacitor is connected to the o/p of the diodes (D2 &
D3). Which removes the unwanted ac signal and thus a pure dc
is obtained. Here we need a fixed voltage, that’s for we are
using IC regulators (7805 & 7812).”Voltage regulation is a
circuit that supplies a constant voltage regardless of changes in
load current.” This IC’s are designed as fixed voltage
regulators and with adequate heat sinking can deliver output
current in excess of 1A. The o/p of the bridge rectifier is given
as input to the IC regulator through capacitor with respect to
GND and thus a fixed o/p is obtained. The o/p of the IC
regulator (7805 & 7812) is given to the LED for indication
purpose through resistor. Due to the forward bias of the LED,
the LED glows ON state, and the o/p are obtained from the pin
no-3.
II. BUZZER DRIVER
This section interfaces one audible piezo electric buzzer with
the controller. The controller activates the buzzer whenever
there is any fault appears in any of the channel.
BUZZER DRIVER
VCC
BUZZER
DATA 1.5K
INPUT BC547
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III. CONCLUSION: Department of Electronics in GIET Gunupur, odisha, india .her
field of interest is PLC and scada
This project is designed and tested in the laboratory condition
and found to be working satisfactorily. The response time for
any fault in this design is approximately 1 sec. The system
tolerance is well below the limits of experimental errors.

IV. REFERENCE:

[1]. J.Bird, Electrical circuit theory and technology, oxford:

Newnes, 2003

[2], C. K. A.&.M.N. Sadiku, Fundamentals of electrical

circuits.

[3]. I.S &. J Dunton, Practical Electronics Handbook, Oxford,

2007.

[4]. Venkata Naga RohitGunturi , “MICRO CONTROLLER

Based Automatic plant irrigation system”, International
Journal of Advancement in Research and technology, 2013

V. AUTHORS:

Neelam kumari is pursuing his Bachelor’s degree in applied

electronics and instrumentation Engg. From GIET Gunupur,
Odisha, India

Kalyani Dhal is pursuing his Bachelor’s degree in applied

electronics and instrumentation Engg. From GIET Gunupur,
Odisha, India

Madhuri Rani Mahapatra is pursuing his Bachelor’s degree in

applied electronics and instrumentation Engg. From GIET
Gunupur, Odisha, India

VI. GUIUED BY:

Subhashree shaktimayee biswal done his M.Tech in Tele

communication from C V Raman Bhubaneswar odisha.
Presently she is working as an assistant Professor in

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