HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT FOR

PELTON TURBINE
Shreyas Shimpi1, Shubham Mahindrakar2, Sumeet Singh3, Sharayu Thosar4, Prathamesh Tilekar5

Abstract—
Hydropower energy is one of the most suitable and efficient
source of renewable energy which depends on more than
century of experience for this issue. The power capacity and
facility are two criteria required for the classification of
hydropower plant. The first one consists of five
technologies: dammed reservoir, run of river, pumped
storage, in stream technology and new technology
gravitational vortex. The other one is classified according to
power scale is Large, Small, Mini, Micro and Pico
Hydropower. Nowadays most of rural areas in developed
and developing countries use the hydropower plant for
producing electricity, it is cheap and effective. This paper
gives a review of hydropower technologies and turbines; it
is focusing on the categories and performance of hydro
power systems and the most suitable turbines which can be
used.
(𝑚3/s) and H is the effective pressure head of water across the
turbine (m).
In last years, many publications focused on the importance of
utilizing simple design and fabrication turbines to achieve
minimum initial cost of the hydropower plants. Hydro power
turbines have a rapid growth in the power generation field
especially in rural and hilly areas and thus the power feeds
different load demand requirements on a grid supply. Hydro
power turbines generate very reliable power with very simple
designs and fabrications, turbines are of two types: impulse and
reaction turbines, each suitable for different types of water flow.

INTRODUCTION
Hydro-power is an efficient type example of renewable energy
and its potential application to future power generation cannot
be underestimated. Therefore, hydropower stations produce no
air emissions but in most cases it has a bad effects on the water
quality, wildlife habitats and prevent the fish migration, but
recently, new technology such as gravitational water vortex
power system can solve this problem issue. Hydropower is
currently the most secure, efficient and reliable source of
renewable energy, based on more than a hundred years of
professional experience. Global hydroelectricity generation is
increasing which representing 20% of world’s electric
generation in the last statistical data. Hydropower is produced
from the extracted energy of water moving from higher to lower
locations. It is predictable, economical and commercial
technology. The overall efficiency of the station (water to wire
operation) is almost 90% efficiency. On the other hand, the start-
ups cost of hydropower schemes is high, but it has low operation
and maintenance cost, thus it is more efficient in long terms. The
hydro power extracted from the potential energy of water is
driving turbines to produce power. The energy extracted from
water depends on the capacity and head between down and up Classification by Technology:
streams
Hydropower plants are often classified in three main categories
The general equation for any hydro system’s power output is: according to operation and type of flow.
𝑃=𝜂𝜌𝑔𝑄𝐻 Run-of-river (RoR), storage (reservoir) and pumped storage
Where P is the mechanical power produced at the turbine shaft HPPs all vary from the very small to the very large scale,
(watts), η is the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine, ρ is the depending on the hydrology and topography of the watershed.
density of water volume (kg/𝑚3), g is the acceleration due to In addition, there is a fourth category called in-stream
gravity (m/𝑠2), Q is the flow rate passing through the turbine technology, last gravitational vortex technology which is a young
technology.
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
 3. 3 x 465 MVA generators with water-cooled rotor
windings and stator bars
4. 3 x 465 MVA three-phase transformers
5. 9 x 230/410 kV one-phase cables supplying power to
the 410/230 kV station at Chamoson.

Bieudron Hydroelectric Power Station

Overview:

Bieudron Hydroelectric Power Station:

The Bieudron Hydroelectric Power Station is a hydroelectric
power plant located in the Swiss Alps in
the Canton of Valais in Switzerland. The power plant is fed with
water from the Grande Dixence Dam's reservoir, Lac des Dix and
is part of the Cleuson-Dixence Complex.
Power Output – 1269MW
Operated by Grande Dixence, SA
Production began in 1998

Sperical Valve:

Two world records set upon its completion:

1. Drop height
2. The output of the Pelton turbines
3. The output per generator pole.

Specification:
Situated close to the Nendaz (Grande Dixence) power plant, the
main cavern at Bieudron is over 100 m long, 39 m high and 25 m
wide
1. 3 spherical valves with a diameter of 1.40 m
2. 3 Pelton turbines with a unit power of 423 MW
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
 in excess of 150 m3/s (5,300 cu ft/s). The ensuing rapid release
of a very large quantity of high pressure water destroyed
approximately 100 hectares (1 km²) of pastures, orchards,
forest, as well as washing away several chalets and barns
around Nendaz and Fey. Three people were killed.
The Bieudron facility was inoperative after the accident;
however, it became partially operational in December 2009, and
fully operational in January 2010. Much investigation went into
the accident resulting in the almost complete redesign of the
penstock. Legal action is still in process and the root cause of the
rupture is unknown.

Redesign
The redesign calls for improvements in the pipe's lining as well
as the addition of grouting around the penstock to reduce water
flow between the penstock and the surrounding rock due to
PENSTOCK: dynamic variation of the pipe diameter during operation (it
expands due to water loading during operation then contracts
when the load is removed, leaving a gap). The damaged section
of the penstock was rerouted around the previous location to
where new (undamaged) more stable rock is available.
Construction on the redesigned penstock was completed in
2009. Redesign considerations [6] include operational control of
maximum agreed design limits under all conditions of assembly,
design and service conditions (including water hammer
pressure spikes).
VOITH – Leading in Pelton Turbine Production
Voith Hydro is an industry leader in the production
of generators, turbines and the associated
control systems to put the power of water to
work. A range of services, from engineering
through manufacturing and project management
to commissioning, completes our portfolio as a leading product
and service provider.

Penstock rupture:
On December 12, 2000, at approximately 20:10, the Cleuson-
Dixence penstock, feeding the Pelton turbines at Bieudron,
ruptured at ~1234 meters AMSL (under more than 1000 meters
of head). The failure appears to have been due to several factors
including the poor strength of rock surrounding the penstock at
the rupture location. The rupture was approximately 9 m long
by 60 cm wide. The flow rate through the rupture was likely well
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Simulated Flow through
Pelton runner Actual Flow Through Pelton
runner

Restitución Electroperu, Lima, Peru.

Six-jet turbines, largest distributor-inlet diameter of 2400 mm

Pelton turbines involve a number of special flow characteristics

which are extremely difficult to simulate. The jet-to-bucket
interaction is fully transient and depends on the geometry of the
moving buckets. Even more challenging is the multiphase system of
air and water that governs the formation of the free jet and the flow
through the buckets.

Conclusion:
Hydro power systems and technology and its turbines in
renewable energy fields; it indicated that hydro is a corner
stone of the electric generation power plant which is
achieved great significance for the global commercial, economic
and environmental concerns.

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Department of Mechanical Engineering.