THYRISTOR BASED STAR/DELTA STARTER

AIM:

To connect the windings of an induction motor in star at the time of starting to limit the
starting current and after some time they are connected again in delta.

INTRODUCTION:

Most induction motors are started directly on line, but when very large motors are started
that way, they cause a disturbance of voltage on the supply lines due to large starting current
surges. To limit the starting current surge, large induction motors are started at reduced voltage
and then have full supply voltage reconnected when they run up to near rotated speed. Two
methods are used for reduction of starting voltage are star delta starting and auto transformer
stating.

In this project microcontroller will generate pulses to all the triac’s. instead of contractors
triac’s are used here to switch in the windings in star and delta. During starting condition
controller will generate the pulses only to those triac’s which will make the winding in star. After
predetermined time controller will give pulses to those triac’s which will make the windings in
delta. Now the motor will be in running condition which means the motor will give the rated
output.

Optocoupler is used to drive the gate of the triac. And this also isolates the 230v from
reaching the microcontroller. This optocoupler uses an LED and phototransistor to amplify the
gate pulse so that the pulse is sufficient to drive the triac. This makes the gate isolated which
isolates the 230v voltage reaching the microcontroller.

This is used to drive the gate of the triac. And this also isolates the 230v from reaching
the microcontroller. This optocoupler uses an LED and phototransistor to amplify the gate pulse
so that the pulse is sufficient to drive the triac. This makes the gate isolated which isolates the
230v voltage reaching the microcontroller.

SOFTWARE TOOLS USED:

1. Embedded C programming language

2. KEIL IDE for writing the program for micro controller

3. PROLOAD for dumping

4. ORCAD to draw the schematic diagram

HARDWARE USED:

1. AT89s52 Micro Controller

2. Power supply

3. LCD Display

4. moc3021

5. triac bt136

Advantages:

1. The switching time can be reduced

2. Starting current of the motor is reduced
3. The time of the starting can be varied easily as we used microcontroller

Disadvantages:

1. This can be used for only motor designed for delta winding only.
2. Connection will be complex as 6 terminals are connected to the motor.

Applications:

1. In staring induction motor in industries.

2. As controller and triac’s are used can be connected with the existing automation system
to operate the motor automatically.
Block diagram: