Department of Computer Science

Artificial Intelligence : BSIT Sem

7

Assignment N0. 03
Submission Due Date: 25 May, 2020
Marks 10

Instructions (Any): Submit in the softcopy

Waleed Amir
BsiT 7A

Question No. 1: Answer following questions:

What is the main difference between conventional computer programs and production systems
(rule based systems)?

Conventional programs use pre-programmed algorithms generally with many manage drift statements
(loops, iterations)that virtually define the order wherein the additives of a program have to work.
Production structures use most effective if then rules and there are not any special commands about
the order where in they must be used. The gadget decides by means of itself which guidelines are used
primarily based on the scenario (problem state, contemporary goal, etc.).

What is the role of Expert in Expert system? What are the alternatives if experts
are available for any specific domain What are the alternatives if professionals
are available for any particular domain

The main reason of ES is to replicate understanding and skills of human specialists in a selected place
and then to apply this know-how to clear up similar problems without human experts participation
(computationally).

Probability theory has existed since, at least, 1930. Why do we need fuzzy set theory in
addition? Is it not all covered by probability theory? What are the main differences between
these two theories? Can we just replace probability theory with the theory of fuzzy sets? Or do
the two theories complement each other? Give explanation/examples for your opinion.

Probability deals with occasions that both manifest or do not show up. Fuzziness deals with non-sharp
boundaries, which may additionally exist in a very static scenario with none randomness at all. The
two theories complement every other within the feel that we can speak approximately the probability
that a fuzzy occasion occurs, and also, occasions that occur to some extent
Consider the following real variables from everyday life:

1. Income measured in PKR.

2. Speed measured in meters per second.
3. A meal measured in how much you like to eat it.
4. A traffic light measured in what color is on

In each case, suggest a fuzzy variable corresponding to these real variables. For which
of these four variables the use of a fuzzy variable is not really necessary? Why?

I advise the subsequent fuzzy variables (you can come up with a chunk different):

Income (low, medium, high). Speed (slow , fast). A meal (disgusting , delicious). A visitors light
(yellow , green , red). It isn't essential to apply the fuzzy illustration for a site visitors light. The
purpose for this is that we most effective have to recollect when it is both Red, Yellow or Green, and
we do now not want to bear in mind intermediate states. Furthermore, it is not absolutely regularly
when you see, say, Red and Green at the identical time. Thus, fuzzy variables are essential whilst we
genuinely have to remember `blurred' states.