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______ 4. Agriculturalists produced more specialized material goods and art than hunter-gatherers because
a. Hunter-gatherers didn’t trade, and so had no market for which to produce a surplus of material goods.
b. Farmers had more free time than hunters and gatherers
c. Agricultural societies had more sophisticated tastes.
d. They were able to record how to make such things as pottery, jewelry, and metal goods using newly invented writing
systems.
e. Larger communities of people could spare some members from food production for more specialized activities.
______5. The most efficient method of clearing land for agriculture was by using
a. stone scapers. b. bronze tools.
c. stone axes. d. draft animals.
e. fire
______ 10. All of the following scenarios are accurate judgments from the Code of Hammurabi EXCEPT:
a. If a house collapses and kills a slave, then the builder is put to death.
b. If a house collapses and kills the owner’s son, then the son of the builder will be put to death.
c. If a house collapses and damages goods of the owner, then goods of equal value belonging to the builder will be forfeited.
d. If a surgeon operated on a patient and that patient died, then the surgeon’s hands were cut off.
e. A man who wished to remarry because his wife was ill might take another wife, so long as he continued to provide for his
first wife until she died
______12. The gradual adoption of agriculture transformed the world most by causing
a. global population increase. b. global population decrease.
c. major migrations to the temperate zones. d. major die off of wild species.
e. an increase in insect infestation due to mono-cropping.
______18. Which of the following aspects did the Harrapan, Shang, and Sumarian civilizations have in common?
a. Horse-drawn plows b. River-based settlements
c. Urban centers of over 100,000 people d. Pastorial-based economy
e. Pyramid-shaped ceremonial centers
______19. The Mesopotamian law code is famous. What might account for the fact that Egypt did not create a similar code of law?
a. As a god on earth, the king was the source of all law. b. A common law system based on precedent was used.
c. It was left to the people to determine the code of morality. d. The wealthy merchant class controlled the legal system.
e. Egypt adopted Mesopotamian law codes, rather than creating their own.
______22. Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley civilizations were all
a. wiped out by a huge drought. b. derived from an earlier, as yet undiscovered, “watershed” civilization.
c. based on beer brewing and female labor. d. made possible by large agricultural surpluses.
e. based upon fertile floodplains and river valleys.
______25. During the Shang period, ancestor worship became important because
a. it determined the social structure. b. it allowed people to claim specific inheritance of property.
c. matrilineal descent was important for fertility. d. ancestors had special influence with the gods.
e. ancestors were necessary to ensure the birth of male children.
______26. The Mandate of Heaven meant that the ruler retained the right to rule as long as
a. he produced a male heir. b. he remained the strongest in the kingdom.
c. he performed the correct ritual sacrifices. d. he kept the loyalty of the military.
e. he remained a wise and principled guardian of his people.
______27. According to the text, what is the legacy of the Chinese writing system developed during the Shang dynasty?
a. It caused a rise in technological development, resulting in a “Chinese Industrial Revolution.”
b. Writing developed discipline, and universal literacy.
c. Since many could write, power was shared with the majority, resulting in the early development of democracy.
d. It allowed the Chinese to record their own history.
e. It endured to unify people of essentially different spoken languages (dialects).
______28. Which of the following is not one of the ways that Confucian philosophy attempts to create societal harmony?
a. by emphasizing individual freedoms
b. by emphasizing the idea that the country is parallel to the family
c. by expanding the traditional feelings of benevolence toward family so that it applied to all of humanity
d. by the avoidance of violence, and the promotion of justice, loyalty, and dignity
e. by emphasizing the goodness of human nature, and seeking to promote it through education, particularly of public officials
______29. The Egyptians were to the Nile as the Chinese were to the
a. Tigris b. Euphrates
c. Yellow d. Indus
e. Ganges
______31. Two indigenous Chinese philosophies that emerged from the Warring States Period are
a. Confucianism and Jainism. b. Confucianism and Judaism.
c. Confucianism and Daoism. d. Confucianism and Hinduism.
e. Confucianism and Buddhism.
______32. The fundamental social unit during the later Zhou period was the
a. extended clan-based kinship network. b. village-based or tribal system.
c. three-generational family. d. territorial or regional alliances.
e. individual.
______33. Which of the following animals does not generally appear in Olmec religious symbolism?
a. the jaguar b. the bald eagle
c. the crocodile d. the shark
e. the snake
______34. Which of the following is not one of the advantages of iron over bronze?
a. Iron is easier to obtain. b. There are many potential sources of iron ore.
c. Iron is more decorative. d. Iron is a single metal.
e. Iron has a harder edge.
______35. The Late Bronze Age in the Middle East was a “cosmopolitan era” because
a. it was primarily an urban-based society. b. different groups of people remained isolated.
c. people traveled so often, getting to know each other. d. the lifestyles were very different from all that had gone before.
e. elements of the culture were widely shared.
______36. After the Middle Kingdom, Egypt came under foreign domination for the first time under the
a. Hittites. b. Hebrews.
c. Hyksos. d. Hansa.
e. Huns.
______38. What was the source of rivalry between Egypt and the Hittite Kingdom?
a. The question of who would rule the world. b. Control of the trade routes in Syria-Palestine, the region between them
c. Defining their mutual border. d. The rich agricultural lands of Mesopotamia
e. Control of Nubian gold
______39. Which of the following is not true about the relationship between Egypt and Nubia?
a. Nubia served as a buffer zone against invasion. b. The Egyptians placed forts and garrisons of Egyptian soldiers in Nubia.
c. The Egyptians deported the Nubians to Assyria. d. The Egyptians extracted tribute from the Nubians.
e. The Egyptians pressed the Nubian population to adopt Egyptian language and culture.
______41. The rise of Mycenaean civilization can be explained primarily through cultural influence from
a. Egypt. b. Anatolia.
c. Crete. d. Syria.
e. Macedonia.
______42. The myths and literary practices of the Mycenaeans may be traced in
a. The Epic of Gilgamesh. b. Homer’s Iliad.
c. Virgil’s Aeneid. d. The Secret History of Mycenae.
e. Hesiod’s Works and Days.
______43. Archaeologists found over 4,000 baked clay tablets in what Mycenaean script?
a. Linear A. b. Linear B.
c. Linear C. d. Hieroglyphic.
e. Doric.
______50. Phoenician trade and colonization in the western Mediterranean often brought the Phoenicians into conflict with the
a. North Africans. b. Assyrians.
c. Greeks. d. Egyptians.
e. Romans.
______52. Cyrus and his father ruled their empire by following a practical approach of
a. outlawing local traditions and strictly enforcing Persian laws. b. respecting local priests and native traditions.
c. first marrying into the local nobility. d. murdering local priests and nobles.
e. threatening the people with gross injustices.
______53. King Darius, the lawgiver, created a central body of law. Under this system subject peoples in Persian territories were
a. disenfranchised legally but had the power to elect officials. b. given even harsher laws than the Persians.
c. brought under a unified legal system. d. still allowed to live under their own laws.
e. punished for disobeying the imperial laws.
______54. For the Greeks and other peoples living around it, the Mediterranean was
a. a barrier to trade b. a barrier to invasion
c. somewhat of a barrier to trade and invasion d. a highway to the lands surrounding it
e. irrelevant to their affairs
______55. The Archaic Greek development of humanism, a lasting feature of Western Civilization, was
a. a political concept that the king was chosen by God b. the subjugation of individuals’ rights & will for the good of the state
c. the idea that humans descended from primate ancestors. d. a short-lived attempt to treat humans as God.
e. a valuing of the uniqueness, rights, and talents of individuals.
*______59. Which of the following groups was groups was most instrumental in the spread of Islam?
a. Soldiers b. monarchs
c. merchants d. peasants e. monks
______ 61. Which of the following were NOT “cosmopolitan” features of the Hellenistic societies?
a. Homogeneous societies b. The cultivation of new scholarship
c. The cultivation of art and literature d. Libraries and universities
e. Including scientific discoveries
______62. One key to the Romans’ success in winning the loyalty of all Italy was
a. making allies instead of war. b. that there were no strong opponents to overcome.
c. that their consuls were lifetime leaders. d. the practice of enslaving their fiercest opponents.
e. granting Roman citizenship to conquered peoples.
______63. During the Roman Republic, all adult male citizens had the right to vote,
a. and so Rome was a democracy. b. and so there was equal representation.
c. and so everyone was equally powerless. d. but the votes of poor men were not counted.
e. but the votes were weighted so that the votes of the wealthy counted for more.
______64. The emperor responsible for the reorganization of the Roman government after 31 B.C.E. was
a. Claudius. b. Julius Caesar.
c. Nero. d. Octavian.
e. Caligula.
______65. The circumstance surrounding Jesus’ ministry and acclimation by his followers as the messiah was
a. the Roman war with the Celts. b. widespread unrest caused by slave rebellions.
c. the barbarian invasion of Rome. d. the Roman occupation of Judaea.
e. the collapse of the Roman Empire.
______66. Who reformed Rome in the 3rd century C.E. and saved it from decline?
a. Claudius b. Constantine
c. Tiberius d. Brucellosis
e. Diocletian
______68. After the fall of Rome in the 5th century, the western Roman Empire
a. became known as the Byzantine Empire. b. fell under the control of Constantine.
c. fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms. d. had no powerful rulers or authority.
e. reasserted Roman rules and laws.
______70. The Confucian view of proper female behavior was exemplified by the
a. three virtues. b. three wise gods.
c. three submissions. d. three trials.
e. three flowers.
______71. When the Qin government abolished primogeniture, this meant that
a. the wealthy would control most of the land. b. wealth and power would be tied to land values.
c. conditions for agricultural women would worsen. d. all land would revert to the state.
e. the number of small landholders would grow.
______73. Which statement most accurately compares the fall of the Han and Roman empires?
a. Both empires were severely hurt by the decrease in trade.
b. Nomadic invasions were more of a problem in Han than in Rome
c. Imperial authorities held more political power than regional authorities.
d. Leaders were assassinated in both empires.
e. Neither the Han nor the Roman empire was able to collect sufficient tax funds
______74. The Vedic Age was a new historical period in India marked by
a. the migration of merchant traders into India. b. a new weather pattern, the Vedic Storms.
c. the dominance of Indo-Europeans over India. d. the emergence of the Vedic Empire.
d. a switch to the Vedic alphabet.
______80. The Mauryan leader Ashoka converted to Buddhism and became a unique leader because of
a. his abdication in favor of Siddhartha Gautama. b. the visions and revelations that he had.
c. his lifetime dedication to nonviolence, morality, and moderation. d. Buddhist support for his government policies.
e. he was overwhelmed by the brutality of his early conquests.
______81. The Gupta Empire maintained tight control in the core of the empire through
a. a network of spies. b. a powerful national army.
c. the organization of regional governors. d. high taxes on the merchant class.
e. a network of Buddhist monks and priests.
______83. The initial key to opening the Silk Road was the
a. availability of new medicines to combat foreign diseases. b. absence of any organized state along the route.
c. enormous European demand for silk. d. presence of a large and stable military force.
e. Chinese eagerness for Western horses.
______86. Which of the following was NOT a factor in the decline of the Delhi Sultanate?
a. rivalries within the Muslim elite b. the rulers depended more on terror than toleration
c. the discontent of the Hindus d. a tendency pillage and levy high taxes to support the elite
e. intermarriage between Hindus and Muslims
______88. The Silk Road and Indian Ocean trade fostered the spread of which religion?
a. Buddhism b. Shinto
c. Judaism d. Jainism
e. Sikhism
______89. The Sasanid Empire was centered in the area that is present-day
a. Lebanon. b. Iran.
c. India d. Egypt.
e. Afghanistan.
______92. The unified community accepting Islam and believing that Muhammad was the “Messenger of God” was called the
a. umma. b. hijra.
c. shaitan. d. jihad.
e. ka’ba.
______93. Muslims who believe that the first three caliphs were properly selected are called
a. Sunnis. b. Muslims.
c. Muhammadists. d. Shi’ites.
e. Shaitan.
______95. The Muslim leader who successfully fought the European Crusades was
a. Saladin. b. Tamerlane.
c. Omar. d. Ibn Rushd.
e. Temujin.
______97. Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were
a. formal divisions over differences in doctrine. b. disagreements between kings and church leaders.
c. arguments between local priests and the pope. d. disputes between bishops concerning church lands.
e. disagreements between priests and lay followers.
______98. Which of the following is not one of the reasons usually offered by historians for the Crusades?
a. The Church wanted to cut down on warfare between Christian lords and redirect it toward enemies of the church.
e. Younger sons of the nobility wanted land and titles that would not be available to them at home.
______100. The decline of the Roman Empire resulted in the development of linguistic zones of
a. Indo-European, Latin, and Asian languages. b. Romance, Germanic, and Slavic languages.
c. Latin, Greek, and English languages. d. Germanic, Semitic, and Celtic dialects.
e. Latin, Germanic, and Afro-Asian languages.
______101. What Scandinavian raiders built kingdoms in Iceland, Greenland, and Vinland?
a. Muslims b. Franks
c. Visigoths d. Vikings
e. Ostrogoths
______104. Why is the period in Europe between 500 C.E. and 1300 C.E. called the “Middle ages?”
b. Europe at this time was controlled by peoples in its central area rather than by the people of the Mediterranean as it had
been in the past.
e. It comes from the Buddhist term “The Middle Days of the Law.”
______105. Which of the following factors did not prompt the growth of the great fortified manors?
c. Political insecurity d. Warfare and instability between different powerful local families
______107. Which of the following were not generally among the responsibilities of monasteries and convents?
a. providing refuge for widows, abandoned women & children b. providing a place for contemplation & the religious life.
c. planting Christianity in new lands d. scientific experimentation and inquiry
e. servicing the needs of travelers
______108. One early Russian chronicle reports that Vladimir I chose Orthodox Christianity over Islam because
a. he got special dispensation from the Pope to marry two wives. b. he knew that Islam forbade alcohol consumption.
c. he felt that Islam was more appropriate to nomadic peoples. d. he felt a relationship with Islam wouldn’t promote trade.
e. he was a great art lover, and in his view Islam had no beautiful religious buildings.
______112. The Tang dominated world trade markets. They were the sole suppliers of which product?
a. wine b. tea
c. opium d. cotton
e. porcelain
______113. Who did the Tang blame most for growing instability in the Empire?
a. Confucians b. Muslims
c. Christians d. Buddhists
e. Daoists
______114. After the decline of the Tang Empire, the states that emerged were
a. Qin, Han, and Yuan. b. Liao, Song, and Tanggut.
c. Mongolia, Manchuri,a and Koryo. d. Turkmenistan, Guanjo, and Siam.
e. Jurchen, Manchuria, and Siberia.
______115. During the Song period, women experienced subordination and social restriction epitomized by
a. loss of custody of their children after divorce. b. a decrease in voting rights.
c. veiling. d. widow-burning.
e. footbinding.
______118. The rising prosperity of the elites in the Indian Ocean Trade system was accompanied by
a. peace b. an increase in slavery.
c. a decrease in religious fervor. d. inflation. e. the poor getting poorer.
______120. Indian Ocean trade tied together all of the following areas directly EXCEPT
a. East Africa b. the Arabian Peninsula.
c. the Persian Gulf d. Russia e. India
______122. This philosophy developed in response to the growing popularity of Buddhism in the Song Dynasty China.
a. Neo-Confucianism b. Hinduism
c. Zoroastrianism d. Islam e. Judaism
______124. He made a pilgrimage to Mecca with a huge caravan, built mosques, and affect the price of gold in Africa.
a. Ibn Battuta b. Mansa Musa
c. Marco Polo d. Mansa Suleiman
e. Sultan Mohammad
______125. All of the following were important cities for trade on East Africa EXCEPT
a. Kilwa b. Mozambique
c. Timbuktu d. Malindi
e. Mombasa
______126. Technological advances such as the compass, the lateen sail, and the astrolabe led to increasing travel in (or on) the
a. Sub-Saharan Trade route b. Indian Ocean
c. Silk Road d. Mediterranean Sea
e. Atlantic Ocean
______127. All of the following were technological advancements made during the Tang and Song dynasties EXCEPT
a. High-quality porcelain b. Stronger iron and steel
c. Invention of gunpowder d. Movable type printing technology
e. Invention of crossbow
______128. The Mongols failed to conquer all of the following regions EXCEPT
a. Korea b. Japan
c. Vietnam d. Cambodia
e. Burma
______131. Why did the Mongols refrain from attacking central Europe in 1241?
a. the conversion of the Great Khan to Buddhism b. the death of the Great Khan
c. the conversion of the Great Khan to Christianity d. the alliance with Pope Urban VII
e. the conversion of the Great Khan to Islam
______138. What official role did the Catholic Church play in the persecution of Jews in Medieval Europe?
a. They assisted the authorities in helping to find out which Jews were responsible for any social disturbances.
b. They advocated a separate Jewish state in Europe.
c. It played no official role in the persecution, as the Church was officially the protector of Jews.
d. They did not often participate, but usually looked the other way when it took place..
e. They usually organized the persecution..
______140. Which of the following is not a distinctive feature of the Gothic cathedral?
a. giant stained glass windows b. domes
c. their great height d. the Gothic arch
e. the flying buttress
______142. Some of the “lost knowledge” of the Greek and Arab world came into the Latin West through
a. the recapture of southern Italy from the Byzantines, and Sicily and Toledo from the Muslims.
b. the lively trade in classical antiquities. c. the recapture of northern Germany from the Huns.
d. contact with the court of Khubilai Khan. e. the discovery of the remains of the library of Alexandria.
______143. Which of the following does not describe the Divine Comedy?
a. It features the Roman poet Virgil as the author’s guide through hell. b. It was written by Dante Alighieri.
c. It made use of Greco-Roman classical themes. d. It was written in Latin like most literature of the
time.
e. It used the vernacular, foreshadowing the literary fashions of the later Italian Renaissance.
______144. Which of the following statements about the Magna Carta is not true?
a. It guaranteed the nobles’ hereditary rights. b. It gave new rights to the peasants.
c. It affirmed that monarchs are subject to established law. d. It confirmed the independence of the church and the city of
London.
e. It means “Great Charter.”
______146. What most eased population pressure in Europe in the fourteenth century?
a. improved agricultural techniques b. deaths caused by Mongol invasions
c. migration to the Holy Land d. the Black Death
e. birth control
______147. Most urban growth in the Latin West after 1200 stemmed from
a. influx of gold from Africa b. the continuing growth of trade and manufacturing
c. the clearing of new farmland d. improvements in breeding techniques of farm animals
e. improvements in medicine
______148. Latin European cities were able to adapt more quickly to changing market conditions than cities in China and the Islamic world
because they were
a. autonomous. b. under direct imperial control.
c. controlled by the nobles. d. more numerous.
e. lacking in leadership.