Business is a productive human activity that brings beneficial

contribution to both people and society. Business produces

employment, fair deals, creativity, advancement of technology,
customer’s satisfaction among others
Sexual Harassment – is an issue in the corporate world that
must be looked into because it can create a hostile and
unhealthy workplace for the employees. For this reason, the
Congress of the Philippines enacted the Anti-Sexual Act of 1995
or RA 7877 declaring sexual harassment unlawful in the
employment, education or training environment, and other
purposes.
Why Does Sexual Harassment Occur?
Sexual harassment occurs due to the power struggle between
men and women as a response to a real or imagined loss of
power or as an expression of retaliation or a flexing of the new
power. This also happens because some organizations and
managers allow it to happen.
Two Types of Sexual Harassment
1. Quid Pro Quo Harassment – “this for that” (something for
something) is defined as requiring a sexual favor or interaction
as a condition of employment or in exchange for an employment
benefit (such as promotion, transfer, pay raise and the like)
2.Harassment that Creates a Hostile Environment – abuses
include verbal, physical and visual conducts that create an
intimidating, offensive, or hostile environment in the workplace
that interferes with work performance. This type of harassment
may be based on race, religion, national origin, sex, age, mental
status, veteran status, sexual orientation or disability.
1.The victim as well as the harasser may be a woman or a man.
The victim does not have to be of the opposite sex.
2.The harasser can be the victim’s supervisor, an agent of the
employer, a supervisor in another area, a coworker, or a non-
employee.
3.The victim does not have to be person harassed but could be
anyone affected by the offensive conduct.
4.The harasser’s conduct must be unwelcome.
A significant step an organization can take in preventing sexual
harassment in the workplace is through creating a safe, secure,
and positive work environment by putting into practice a strong
sexual harassment policy.
• Imprisonment of not less than one (1) month but not more than
six (6) months
• Fine of not less than Ten Thousand Pesos (P10, 000) but not
more than Twenty Thousand Pesos (P20, 000)
A Just Wage is defined as that remuneration which is enough to
support the wage-earner in reasonable and frugal comfort, “a
just wage is the legitimate fruit of labor”
Philippine Constitution and Republic Act 6727 (The workers are
entitled to a living wage)
The Wage Rationalization Act declared the policy of the State to
rationalize the fixing of minimum wages and to promote
productivity-improvement and gain-sharing scheme to ensure a
decent standard of living for the workers and their families.
Gift-giving is merely an act of extending goodwill to an
individual in an effort to share something with them.
Businesses usually engage in gift-giving for the
following reasons
•To show appreciation for a favor received
•To effectively establish goodwill with business partners
•To advertise, and
•To compete effectively against competitors.
Factors in determining the Morality of Gift-
Giving
Advertising – any paid form of non-personal presentation and
promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor
Advertising is not totally immoral. It only becomes unethical
when the advertisement becomes misleading, deceptive, and
manipulative.
•Deceptive Advertisement
•Manipulative Advertisement
Philippine Laws on Advertising
Consumer act of the Philippines (RA 7394)
The state shall protect the consumer from misleading
advertisements and fraudulent sales promotion practices.
defined as a relationship between two people who are employed
by the same organization.
Benefits of Workplace Romance
These benefits include friendship, mutual support to each other
at work and other personal experiences. Employees involved in
a love relationship sometimes overcome rough times at work
because of mutual support and inspiration. Employees likewise
tend to view work as fun even when pressures begin to pile up.
Romance becomes the reason to keep their jobs.
Disadvantages of Workplace Romance
•Damaged Professional Reputations
•Disturbed Co-workers
•Changes in productivity
•Dating the Boss
Extramarital Affairs
Survey says that more than half of married men and almost
more than one-third of married women at attest falling for
adulterous affairs.
Reporter: Efren Ondac Jr
1.Value of the Gift
2.Purpose of the Gift
3.Circumstances under Which the Gift was Given or Received
4.Position between or the Relationship of the Giver and Receiver
5.Acceptable Business Practice in the Industry
6.Company Policy
7.Laws and Regulations
Bribery
The Profiles of the Victim and the Harasser
Workplace Romance
Sexual Harassment
Ethical Issues and Problems in Business and
the Corporate World
The Question of Just Wage
Legal Penalties of RA 7877
Special Requirement for Food, Drug, Cosmetic, Device or
Hazardous Substances
The following rules must be followed:
a.No claim in the advertisement should be made that is not
contained in the label or approved by the Department of Health
(DOH)
b.It is unlawful to advertise any food, drug, cosmetic, device or
hazardous substance that is false erroneous impression
regarding its character, value, quantity, composition, merit, or
safety.
c.Where a standard has been prescribed for a food, drug,
cosmetic or device, no person shall advertise any article or
substance in a manner that is likely to be mistaken for such
product unless the product actuality complies with the
prescribed standard.
d.Advertisements of any food. Drug, cosmetic, device or
hazardous substance may not make use of any reference to any
laboratory report of analysis required to be submitted to the
Department of Health.
e.No advertisements for any food, drug, cosmetic, device, or
hazardous substance may be allowed unless such product is
duly registered and approved by DOH.
Gift-Giving
Bribery
Factors to Consider in the Formulation of Fair Wages
1.External Market Factors – Refers to the supply and demand for
labor and so called economic conditions and underemployment.
2.Laws and Regulation – Workers should be paid in accordance
with laws and regulations issued by the government. It requires
that employers pay at least the minimum wage.
3.Cost of Living – The cost of living relates to basic
maintenance needs and it must be seriously considered in the
formulation of wages.
4.Prevailing Industry Rate – Some claim that paying workers the
average of what other companies are paying for the same job
results in a fair wage.
5.Organizational Factors – Assessment on what type of industry
the organization operates, the size of the company and the
organization’s profitability to justify its ability to provide fair
wages to its workers should be considered.
6.Job Factors – The nature of the job itself entails the
formulation of a just wage. Duties, responsibilities, and the skill
requirements of the job are probably the most considerable
determinants of fair wage.
7.Individual Performances – The trend suggests that individual
performances or productivity ratings affect the determination of
wage/salary increases.
•Misleading Advertisement
do not misrepresent, do not make false claims but it makes
claims such a way that a normal person looking at it comes up
with the wrong conclusion
Chapter 6:
makes a false statement or misrepresents the product
The Morality of Advertising
How to Prevent Harassment in the Workplace
uses trickery or by devious means.