16

Chapter
Digestion and Absorption

FACT/DEFINITION TYPE QUESTIONS 8. Crypts of lieberkuhn are present in

(a) intestine (b) stomach
1. Teeth of adult man, not present in milk dentition are (c) oesophagus (d) all of these
(a) molars (b) premolars 9. The sphincter of Oddi is present between
(c) canines (d) incisors (a) oesophagus and cardiac stomach.
2. Mammalian teeth are (b) pyloric stomach and duodenum.
(a) acrodont (b) homodont (c) hepatic duct and cystic duct.
(c) thecodont (d) polyphyodont (d) hepatopancreatic duct and duodenum.
3. Which of the following is a freely movable muscular organ 10. Which of the following does not produce any digestive
that is attached to the floor of the oral cavity by the enzyme ?
frenulum? (a) Acini of pancreas (b) Liver
(a) Jaws (b) Teeth (c) Stomach (d) Duodenum
(c) Tongue (d) Salivary glands 11. The number of salivary glands present in human beings
4. The function of tongue is to is
(a) grind and crush the food. (a) 5 pairs (b) 4 pairs
(b) position food for swallowing. (c) 3 pairs (d) 2 pairs
(c) add enzymes and moisture to the food. 12. Brunner’s glands are found in
(d) protect the opening of the pharynx during (a) submucosa of stomach
swallowing. (b) wall of rectum
5. A "1" flap called "2" prevents the entry of food into the (c) submucosa of duodenum
glottis – opening of the "3" – during "4". Identify 1, 2, 3, (d) mucosa of ileum
and 4. 13. Function of gall bladder is
(a) storage of bile.
1 2 3 4 (b) formation of enzymes.
(a) Cartilaginous Epiglottis Wind pipe Swallowing (c) synthesis of bile.
(d) formation of bile salts.
(b) Bony Glissons Stomach Digestion
14. Where does bile go after it leaves the gall bladder?
capsule (a) Duodenum (b) Jejunum
(c) Bony Pharynx Oral cavity Ingestion (c) Ileum (d) Caecum
(d) Cartilaginous Oesophagus Trachea Mastication 15. Which of the following is the structural and function unit
of the largest digestive gland?
6. The innermost layer of the digestive tract is the (a) Kupffer cells
(a) serosa membrane (b) Hepatic lobules
(b) mucosa membrane (c) Glissons capsule
(c) submucosa membrane (d) Crypts of Lieberkuhn
(d) lumen 16. The common bile duct in human is formed by the joining
7. ____ are needed in the diet as components of teeth and of
bone, regulators of acid-base balance and water balance, (a) pancreatic duct and bile duct.
and parts of certain enzymes. (b) cystic duct and hepatic duct.
(a) Carbohydrates (b) Fats (c) cystic duct and pancreatic duct.
(c) Minerals (d) Nucleic acids (d) hepatic duct and pancreatic duct.
 138 Biology
17. The substrate for amylase is 31. Which of the following enzyme digest milk protein in
(a) proteins (b) fats alkaline medium?
(c) starch (d) cane sugar (a) Pepsin (b) Trypsin
18. Digestive enzymes responsible for breaking down (c) Rennin (d) Chymotrypsin
disaccharides includes 32. Most of the fat digestion occurs in
(a) pepsin, trypsin and trypsinogen. (a) rectum (b) stomach
(b) amylase, pepsin, and lipase. (c) colon (d) small intestine
(c) sucrase, lactase, and maltase. 33. Muscular contraction in alimentary canal is called —
(d) pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. (a) deglutition (b) mastication
19. Salivary amylase is also known as (c) peristalsis (d) none of these
(a) ptyalin (b) gastrin 34. Enterokinase takes part in conversion of
(c) glyoxylase (d) pepsin (a) pepsinogen to pepsin
20. pH of saliva is (b) trypsinogen to trypsin
(a) 6.5 (b) 8 (c) protein into polypeptides
(c) 7 (d) 9.5 (d) caseinogen into casein
21. Maltase converts 35. HCl of gastric juice
(a) maltose to glucose at pH greater than 7. (a) inactivates ptyalin and activates pepsin.
(b) maltose to glucose at pH lesser than 7.0. (b) activates ptyalin and inactivates pepsin.
(c) maltose to alcohol. (c) inactivates both ptyalin and pepsin.
(d) starch to maltose at pH higher than 7.0. (d) activates both ptyalin and pepsin.
22. Which digestive organ mechanically and chemically 36. Rennin acts on milk protein and changes
transforms a food bolus into chyme? (a) caesinogen into caesin.
(a) Oesophagus (b) Stomach (b) caesin into paracaesin.
(c) Small intestine (d) Large intestine (c) caseinogen into paracaesin.
23. The disaccharidases are secreted with (d) paracaesin into caesinogen.
(a) saliva (b) gastric juice 37. Which cells of gastric mucosa secrete pepsinogen?
(c) intestinal juice (d) pancreatic juice (a) Parietal (b) Oxyntic
24. Succus entericus is a term used for (c) Chief cells (d) Goblet
(a) the junction of ileum and colon 38. Which enzyme initiates protein digestion ?
(b) inflammation of intestine (a) Pepsin (b) Trypsin
(c) vermiform appendix (c) Aminopeptidase (d) Carboxypeptidase
(d) digestive juice of intestine 39. Trypsin changes
25. Enzyme trypsin is secreted by (a) fats into fatty acids.
(a) duodenum (b) liver (b) proteins into peptones.
(c) pancreas (d) stomach (c) starch and glycogen into maltose.
26. The protein coated, water soluble fat globules are called (d) maltose into its components.
(a) chylomicrons (b) micelles 40. Most of the chemical digestion of food in humans is
(c) chyle (d) monoglycerides completed in the —
27. Milk protein is acted upon by a gastric enzyme in infant (a) small intestine (b) appendix
mammals. The enzyme is ___________. (c) ascending colon (d) stomach
(a) rennin (b) caesinogen 41. End product of protein digestion is —
(c) pepsinogen (d) pepsin (a) sugar (b) amino acid
28. Pancreatic juice helps in the digestion of (c) nucleotide (d) ammonia
(a) proteins and fats 42. Which one of the following is the constituents of the
(b) proteins and carbohydrates pancreatic juice while poured into the duodenum in
(c) fats and carbohydrates humans?
(d) proteins, fats and carbohydrates (a) Maltase (b) Enterokinase
29. Oxyntic cells are located in (c) Trypsinogen (d) Chymotrypsin
(a) Islets of langerhans. 43. Which homeostatic function of the liver is controlled and
(b) gastric epithelium and secrete pepsin. monitored in the pancreas?
(c) kidneys and secrete renin. (a) Deamination of amino acids
(d) gastric epithelium and secrete HCl. (b) Release of glucose
30. Enzyme trypsinogen is changed to trypsin by (c) Release of iron
(a) gastrin (b) enteropeptidase (d) Removal of toxins
(c) enterogastrone (d) secretin
Digestion and Absorption 139

44. Diglycerides on digestion give 54. Jaundice may be caused by retarded function of —
(a) one fatty acid and one glycerol (a) lungs (b) kidneys
(b) two fatty acid and one glycerol (c) heart (d) liver
(c) two glycerol and one fatty acid 55. ____i_____ is a diseased condition in which a person
(d) two glycerols only passes out watery stool frequently while
45. Semi - digested food in intestine is called ______ii_______ is known as infrequent elimination of
(a) chyle (b) chyme dry stool.
(c) bolus (d) none of these (a) i- Constipation, ii- Diarrhoea
46. Which of the following enzyme is not present in pancreatic juice? (b) i- Diarrhoea, ii- Constipation
(a) Chymotrypsinogen (b) Steapsin (c) i- Diarrhoea, ii- Vomiting
(c) Nuclease (d) Enterokinase (d) i- Constipation, ii- Vomiting
47. Emulsification refers to
(a) action of bile on breaking large fat droplets STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS
(b) action of gastric lipase on proteins 56. How do nutrients, absorbed by the small intestine, travel
(c) action of salivary amylase on starch to the individual cells of the human body?
(d) action of pancreas on fat droplets (a) The nutrients are absorbed from the small intestine
48. Protection of the walls of the stomach against the action
into the blood and move through the circulatory
of its own digestive juice
system to the body cells.
(a) is controlled by a centre in the medulla of the brain.
(b) The nutrients move from the small intestine directly
(b) results from the nervous reactions of the lining of
the stomach. to the liver and then move through the lymphatic
(c) results from the presence of an anti-enzyme chemical system to the body cells.
formed by the gastric gland. (c) The small intestine forces the nutrients into the
(d) results from the neutralizing, buffering and coating kidneys, where the nutrients are then dissolved in
mucus covering its inner surface. fluids used by the body cells.
49. A good source of lipase is (d) The body cells send nerve impulses indicating a lack
(a) saliva (b) gastric juice of nutrients to the small intestine, and the small
(c) bile (d) pancreatic Juice intestine sends the nutrients back to the cells.
50. Glucose, some amino acids and sodium are absorbed in 57. Which of the following statements is correct regarding
to blood by ________. chylomicrons ?
(a) simple diffusion (a) They are undigested proteins.
(b) active transport (b) They are undigested carbohydrates.
(c) facilitated transport (c) They are fat droplets coated with phospholipids.
(d) the statement is incorrect since they are absorbed in (d) They are fat droplets coated with glycerol and
lymph and not in blood.
proteins.
51. The ______ is primarily a storage chamber within the
58. Which of the following statements is correct regarding
digestive system, while the ______ reabsorbs water, ions,
enterokinase?
and generates the faeces.
(a) buccal cavity; midgut (a) It is a hormone that prevents the secretion of gastric
(b) crop; midgut juice.
(c) stomach; hindgut (b) It is an enzyme that activates the enzymes of
(d) buccal cavity; hindgut pancreatic juice.
52. The main function of lacteals in the villi of small intestine (c) It is an enzyme that activates the proteolytic enzymes
is the absorption of of succus entericus.
(a) amino acids and glucose (d) It is a hormone that prevents the secretion of
(b) glucose and vitamins pancreatic juice.
(c) water and mineral salts
59. Which of the following statement is incorrect ?
(d) fatty acids and glycerol
53. Under which of the following circumstances will insulin (a) Brunner’s glands are submucosal.
be secreted? (b) Rugae are the irregular folds of inner gastric mucosa.
(a) The blood sugar level in the liver is low. (c) Glisson’s capsule is the connective tissue sheath of
(b) The blood sugar level in the hepatic portal vein is hepatic lobule.
low. (d) Mesothelium or serosa lies in close proximity of the
(c) The blood sugar level in the islets of Langerhans is high. sub-mucosa.
(d) The glycogen level in the skeletal muscle is high.
 140
60. Which of the following is not the function of HCl in
stomach?
(a) Breaking down proteins into peptones.
(b) Killing the bacteria ingested with food and drinks.
(c) Promoting the formation of pepsin.
(d) Softening fibrous food elements.
61. What is common among amylase, renin and trypsin?
(a) All are proteins.
(b) All are proteolytic enzymes.
(c) Produced in stomach.
(d) Act at pH lower than 7.
62. What will happen if bile duct gets choked ?
(a) Faeces become dry.
(b) Acidic chyme will not be neutralized.
(c) There will be little digestion in intestine.
(d) Little digestion of fat will occur.
63. Which one of the following statements is true regarding
digestion and absorption of food in humans?
(a) About 60% of starch is hydrolysed by salivary
amylase in our mouth.
(b) Oxyntic cells in our stomach secrete the proenzyme
pepsinogen.
(c) Fructose and amino acids are absorbed through
intestinal mucosa with the help of carrier ions like
Na+.
(d) Chylomicrons are small lipoprotein particles that are
transported from intestine into blood capillaries.
64. Which of the following statement is true ?
(a) Pepsin cannot digest casein.
(b) Trypsin can digest collagen.
(c) Pepsin cannot digest collagen.
(d) Chymotrypsin can digest casein.
65. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
(a) Saliva lubricates the food.
(b) Tongue helps in chewing of food.
(c) Salivary glands have protein digesting enzymes.
(d) Bile does not contain any digestive enzymes.
66. Which of the following is not the function of digestive
system?
(a) It allows your body to get the nutrients and energy
it needs from the food you eat.
(b) It breaks down large food molecules into smaller
molecules that can be used by cells.
(c) It converts foods to larger substances that can be
absorbed and used by the cells of the body.
(d) It converts food into soluble and diffusible products
that can be absorbed by the blood.
67. Which of the following statements are true regarding
human digestive system?
(i) Food is not digested in the gullet.
(ii) There is no digestive juice in the mouth.
Biology
(iii) Food is digested completely in the stomach.
(iv) The large intestine is shorter than the small intestine.
(v) Inside the large intestine, most of the water from the
undigested food is absorbed by the body.
(a) (i) and (ii) only
(b) (iii) and (v) only
(c) (i), (iv) and (v) only
(d) (ii), (iii) and (iv) only
68. Which of the following statements are correct regarding
jaundice?
(i) It indicates liver damage.
(ii) It involves infrequent elimination of dry stool.
(iii) It involves yellowing of skin and eyes.
(iv) It increases absorption of food.
(a) (i) and (ii) only (b) (i) and (iii) only
(c) (i), (ii) and (iii) only(d) (i), (iii) and (iv) only
69. Which of the following statements is correct regarding
absorption of fatty acids?
(a) It is absorbed into the bloodstream at the small
intestine.
(b) It is absorbed into the lymph vessels at the small
intestine.
(c) It is absorbed into the lymph vessels from the blood
stream.
(d) It is absorbed into the bloodstream at the large
intestine.
ASSERTION/REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed
by a statement of Reason.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is
the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is
not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
70. Assertion : Starch is hydrolysed by ptyalin to maltose.
Reason : Sucrase hydrolyses sucrose to lactose.
71. Assertion : Presence of HCl in stomach is essential for
the process of digestion.
Reason : HCl kills and inhibits the growth of bacteria in
stomach.
72. Assertion : Chewing is one of the most important process
of digestion in animals.
Reason : Chewing helps in enzyme action.
73. Assertion : Glucose, Na+ and amino acids are absorbed
actively.
Reason : Na+, glucose and amino acids move against the
concentration gradient and hence require energy.
74. Assertion : Water and electrolytes are almost fully
absorbed in the large intestine.
Reason : In large intestine, haustral contractions (slow
segmenting movements) roll the forming faeces over and
over, causing absorption of water and electrolytes.
Digestion and Absorption 141

MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS 80. Match column I (organs) with column II (functions) and
choose the correct option.
75. Choose the correct matching pair. Column-I Column-II
(a) Renin – Protein (Organs) (Functions)
(b) Trypsin – Starch
A. Mouth I. Reclaims water and salts
(c) Invertase – Sucrose
(d) Amylase – Lactose B. Stomach II. Carries out most of the
76. Identify the correct set which shows the name of the digestion and absorption of
enzymes from where it is secreted and substrate upon nutrients.
which it acts C. Small intestine III. Releases amylase enzyme
(a) Pepsin – Stomach wall – Protein that break down
(b) Ptyalin – Intestine – Maltose carbohydrates.
(c) Chymotrypsin – Salivary gland –Lactose D. Large intestine IV. An acidic compartment that
(d) Ptyalin – Pancreas – Lipid begins to break proteins
77. Select the correct match of the digested products in into larger polypeptides.
humans with their absorption site and mechanism. (a) A – I; B – II; C – III; D – IV
Column-I Column-II (b) A – III; B – IV; C – II; D – I
(a) Fructose, Na+ – Small intestine, passive
(c) A – II; B – III; C – I; D – IV
absorption
(b) Glycerol, fatty acids – Duodenum, move as (d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
chylomicrons 81. The given pair represent substrate-enzyme pair. Which
(c) Cholesterol, maltose – Large intestine, of the following pair is (are) correct?
active absorption A. Maltose – Lactase
(d) Glycine, glucose – Small intestine, B. Protein – Pepsin
active absorption
C. Carbohydrate – Lipase
78. Which one of the following is the correct matching of the
site of action of the given substrate, the enzyme acting D. Casein – Renin
upon it and the end product? (a) A and B only (b) B and C only
Lipase (c) A and D only (d) B and D only
(a) Stomach : Fats ¾¾¾ ¾® Micelles
82. Match column I (food type) with column II their (enzymes)
Tryp sin
(b) Duodenum : Triglycerides ¾¾¾¾ ® and choose the correct option.
Monoglycerides Column-I Column-II
µAmylase (Food type) (Enzymes)
(c) Small intenstine : Starch ¾¾¾¾¾
®
Disaccharide A. Starch I. Nucleases
(Maltose) B. Protein II. Lipase
Pepsin C. Fats III. Amylase
(d) Small intestine : Proteins ¾¾¾¾ ® Amino acid
79. Which one of the following four secretions is correctly D Nucleic acid IV. Trypsin
matched with its source, target and nature of action? (a) A – III; B – IV; C – II; D – I
Secretion Source Target Action (b) A – I; B – II; C – III; D – IV
(a) Enterokinase Duodenum Gall Release of bile (c) A – II; B – III; C – IV; D – V
bladder juice (d) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
(b) Gastrin Stomach Oxyntic Production of 83. Which of the following monomers are produced, when
lining cells HCl lipids are broken down by lipase?
(c) Salivary Salivary Mouth Breakdown of A. Nucleotides
amylase gland starch into
B. Amino acids
maltose
(d) Rennin Saliva Small Emulsification C. Glycerol
intestine of fats D. Fatty acids
(a) A and C only (b) C and D only
(c) C only (d) D only
 142 Biology
84. Match the following digestive processes given in column
I with their correct description given in column II and
then choose the correct option.
Column-I Column-II
(Digestive processes) (Description) S
A. Ingestion I. Elimination of
digestible solids.
B. Mechanical digestion II. Enzymatic
degradation of food
stuffs into simpler (a) A= amylase, B = maltase, C = lactase, D = invertase
molecules. (b) A = amylase, B = maltase, C= invertase, D= lactase
C. Chemical digestion III. Taking food into the (c) A = amylase, B = invertase, C = maltase, D= lactase
digestive systems (d) A = amylase, B = lactase, C = maltase, D = invertase.
D. Defecation IV. Chewing, mixing, 88. The diagram given below shows the human digestive
churning and system. Few structures are marked as I, II, III and IV.
segmentation of Which region of the human digestive system releases
food. bile juice?
(a) A – I; B – II; C – III; D – IV
(b) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III
(c) A – III; B – IV; C – II; D – I
(d) A – I; B – III; C – IV; D – II
85. Match the following organic molecules given in column I
with their correct description given in column II and then
choose the correct option.
Column-I Column-II
(I)
(Organic molecules) (Description)
A. Carbohydrates I. It is made of fatty (II)
acids and glycerol (III)
B. Proteins II. It is mostly ingested
in the form of starch
C. Nucleic acids III. It is built of long (IV)
chains of amino
acids
D. Lipids IV. It is made of ribose
(a) I (b) II
or deoxyribose
sugars and (c) III (d) IV
nitrogenous bases. 89. The given figure shows a section of small intestinal
(a) A – I; B – II; C – III; D – IV mucosa showing villi. What is the function of structure
(b) A – IV; B – I; C – II; D – III marked as I in the given figure?
(c) A – III; B – IV; C – I; D – II
(d) A – II; B – III; C – IV; D – I
86. Which of the following substances involved in organic
molecule digestion is correctly matched with their (I)
descriptions?
(a) Salivary amylase- It begins lipid digestion in mouth.
(b) Trypsin- It emulsifies fats for digestion.
(c) Bile- It digests proteins in small intestine.
(d) Maltase- It is a brush border enzyme that acts on
disaccharides.

DIAGRAM TYPE QUESTIONS

(a) To absorb amino acids.
87. The given flowchart shows the fate of carbohydrate
(b) To carry blood.
during digestion in the human alimentary canal. Identify
(c) To transport fat
the enzymes acting at stages indicated as A, B, C and D.
(d) To transport glucose
Digestion and Absorption 143

90. Refer the given diagram of digestive system to answer

the question.

x
93. Sphincter of Oddi controls the flow of digestive juice by
guarding which duct?
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
94. Which two ducts are responsible for the formation of a
duct that carry bile from the gall bladder and conduct it
Which of the following is associated with the structure into the first section of the small intestine?
marked as "X"? (a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3
(a) It is a small blind sac which hosts some symbiotic (c) 3 and 4 (d) 4 and 1
microorganisms. 95. Which of the following best describes the role of the
(b) The undigested, unabsorbed substances enter into structure marked as Y in the given figure?
this structure through ileo-ceacal valve.
(c) It helps in mechanical churning and chemical
digestion of food.
(d) Both (a) and (c) Y
Directions (Qs. 91 and 92): Refer the given figure and answer
the questions. This figure shows the diagrammatic
representation of T.S of gut with few structures marked as 1, 2,
3 and 4

1
(a) Serves a minor role in the chemical digestion of fats.
Inner-circular 2
Outer-longitudinal (b) Mucus is secreted to protect the oesophagus from
the stomach enzymes.
3
(c) Digestive enzymes are secreted as food passes from
4
the oesophagus to the stomach.
(d) Connects the mouth to the stomach and has no
function in chemical digestion.

CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS

91. Which of the following structure forms glands in the
stomach and crypts in between the bases of villi? 96. In pancreatic juice, which of the followings are secreted
(a) 1 (b) 2 in inactive form as proenzymes ?
(c) 3 (d) 4 (a) Trypsin, chymotrypsin & carboxypeptidases
92. Which of the following part is made up of a thin (b) Pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin
mesothelium with some connective tissue? (c) Trypsin only
(a) 1 (b) 2 (d) Trypsin and chymotrypsin only
(c) 3 (d) 4 97. If the bile-pancreatic duct is blocked then which of the
Directions (Qs. 93 and 94): The given diagram shows the duct following will not be affected ?
systems of liver, gall bladder and pancreas in which few (a) Digestion of proteins
structures are marked as 1.2.3 and 4. On the basis of this figure (b) Emulsification of fats
answer the questions. (c) Level of blood glucose
(d) Digestion of starch
 144 Biology
98. Which of the following is the correct chronological order 107. In case of taking food rich in lime juice, the action of
for flow of food from mouth to anus? ptyalin on starch is
(a) Oesophagus ® Stomach ® Small intestine ® Large (a) enhanced (b) reduced
intestine (c) unaffected (d) stopped
(b) Large intestine ® Oesophagus ® Stomach ® Small
108. If the chyme of a person who had orally consumed only
intestine
starch as food is analysed before it enters the duodenum,
(c) Small intestine ® Large intestine ® Oesophagus ®
stomach it will show the presence of
(d) Stomach ® Small intestine ® Large intestine ® (a) maltose and glucose
Oesophagus (b) dextrin and maltose
99. Which of the following occurs in the duodenum? (c) starch, dextrin and maltose
(a) Absorption of vitamins and minerals. (d) starch, dextrin and glucose
(b) Mixing of food with pancreatic juice and bile. 109. An adolescent human below 17 years of age normally has
(c) Mastication of food.
dental formula as
(d) Absorption of water.
100. From deep to superficial, what are the tunics of the 2, 1, 2, 0 2, 1, 2, 2
(a) (b)
intraperitoneal portions of the alimentary canal? 2, 1, 2, 0 2, 1, 2, 2
(a) Serosa, muscularis, submucosa and mucosa
2, 1, 3, 2 2, 2, 3, 2
(b) Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and serosa (c) (d)
(c) Adventia, muscularis, submucosa and mucosa 2, 1, 3, 2 2, 2, 3, 2
(d) Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and adventia 110. Which of the following is the correct chronological order
101. If for some reason our goblet cells becomes non- for the enzyme activity of some enzymes taking part in
functional then this will adversely affect protein digestion?
(a) production of somatostatin.
(a) Pepsin ® Trypsin ® Peptidase
(b) secretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands.
(c) maturation of sperms. (b) Pepsin ® Peptidase ® Trypsin
(d) smooth movement of food down the intestine. (c) Trypsin ® Pepsin ® Peptidase
102. The digestion of butter begins with (d) Peptidase ® Trypsin ® Pepsin
(a) saliva 111. What will happen if the secretion of parietal cells of gastric
(b) gastric juice
glands is blocked with an inhibitor?
(c) pancreatic juice
(a) Enterokinase will not be released from the duodenal
(d) intestinal juice
mucosa and so trypsinogen is not converted into
103. Removal of gall bladder in man would lead to
(a) impairment of digestion of fats. trypsin.
(b) impairment of digestion of protein. (b) Gastric juice will be deficient in chymosin.
(c) jaundice (c) Gastric juice will be deficient in pepsinogen.
(d) increased acidity in intestine. (d) In the absence of HCl secretion, inactive pepsinogen
104. During prolonged fasting is not converted into the active enzyme pepsin.
(a) first fats are used up, followed by carbohydrates 112. Which enzymes are likely to act on the baked potatoes
from liver and muscles and proteins in the end. eaten by a man, starting from the mouth and as it moves
(b) first carbohydrates are used up, followed by fat and down the alimentary canal?
proteins towards end. (a) Salivary maltase ® Carboxypeptidase ®
(c) first lipids, followed by proteins and carbohydrates Trypsinogen
towards end.
(b) Pancreatic amylase ® Salivary amylase ® Lipases
(d) none of the above.
(c) Disaccharidase like maltase ® Lipases ® Nucleases
105. A healthy person eats the following diet - 5 gm raw sugar,
4 gm albumin, 10 gm pure buffalo ghee adultrated with 2 (d) Salivary amylase ® Pancreatic amylase ®
gm vegetable ghee (hydrogenated vegetable oil) and 5 Disaccharidases
gm lignin. How many calories he is likely to get? 113. A person who is on hunger strike and is surviving only
(a) 144 (b) 126 on water, will have
(c) 164 (d) 112 (a) less amino acids in his urine.
106. If pH of stomach is 7 then which component of food would (b) more glucose in his blood.
be affected? (c) less urea in his urine.
(a) Starch (b) Protein
(d) more sodium in his urine.
(c) Fat (d) Sucrose
Digestion and Absorption 145

114. If the parietal cells of the gut epithelium become partially 119. Which part is infected when a person is suffering from
non-functional, what is likely to happen? diarrhoea ?
(a) The pancreatic enzymes, specially the trypsin and (a) Small intenstine (b) Large intestine
lipase will not work efficiently. (c) Stomach (d) None of these
(b) The pH of stomach will fall abruptly. 120. Which process transported the bolus into the pharynx
(c) Steapsin will be more effective. and then into the oesophagus?
(d) Proteins will not be adequately hydrolysed by pepsin (a) Deglutition (b) Peristalsis
into proteases and peptones. (c) Vomiting (d) All of these
115. What happens to the food when it enters from oesophagus 121. If the epiglottis does not function correctly, then what
to stomach? will happen to the human being ?
(a) Food mixes with juices and protein digestion starts. (a) One might congest.
(b) Food mixes with juices and carbohydrate digestion (b) Peristalsis will discontinue.
starts. (c) Acid reflux disease will damage the oesophagus.
(c) Food quickly moves into small intestine. (d) Swallowing will be difficult or impossible.
122. Study the statement given below and answer the question.
(d) Food quickly moves into large intestine.
“Even though the contents of stomach are very acidic,
116. The hydrochloric acid secreted by the gastric glands
the stomach usually does not cause damage to itself”.
activates the enzyme _____i_____ while th e
Identify the reasons (i to iv) given below which are
_____ii_____ secreted by gastric glands protects the
responsible for the above statement.
lining of the stomach from the action of acid.
(i) The release of gastric juices is controlled to avoid
(a) i- pepsin, ii- mucus
too high a concentration.
(b) i- pepsin, ii- trypsin
(ii) The stomach lining is quick to repair itself.
(c) i- amylase, ii- trypsin
(iii) Mucus forms a thick protective coating for the
(d) i- amylase, ii- rennin
stomach.
117. Which digestive processes takes place in the mouth?
(iv) Food and water dilute the gastric juices
(a) Both chemical and physical digestion.
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) Chemical digestion only.
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
(c) Physical digestion only.
(c) (i) and (iv) only
(d) Neither chemical nor physical digestion.
(d) All of the above
118. Following are given parts of small and large intestine.
123. If the large intestine becomes irritated and peristalsis
(i) Cecum (ii) Colon
increases then which of the following will result?
(iii) Jejunum (iv) Rectum
(a) Indigestion (b) Diarrhoea
(v) Duodenum (vi) Ileum
(c) Constipation (d) Vomiting
Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the
order food passes through them from the small intestine
to the anus.
(a) (i) – (ii) – (iii) – (iv) – (v) – (vi)
(b) (v) – (iii) – (vi) – (i) – (ii) – (iv)
(c) (iv) – (v) – (ii) – (iii) – (i) – (vi)
(d) (iii) – (v) – (vi) – (ii) – (i) – (iv)