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REPORT ON
SUB – SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION
OF SALTHA UPAZILA LAND OFFICE BUILDING AT SALTHA, FARIDPUR.
AUTHORITY
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
FARIDPUR PWD DIVISION
FARIDPUR.
JANUARY – 2019
COMPILED BY:
Page
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………..………………………………………………………..01
OBJECTIVE …………………………………………….…..…………………………………………...……………………01
LABORATORY WORKS………..………………………………….…………………………………………….……….02
Appendix
BORING LOCATION AND GRAPHS……………………………………………………………..…………………..A1
BH Bore Hole
WL Water Level
C Cohesion of soil
Cc Compression Index
Cv Coefficient of Consolidation
e Void Ratio
SF Safety Factor
Ү unit weight
-1-
1.0 Introduction
Sub-soil investigation is a predominant feature in designing foundation of important structure
in an intelligent, economic and satisfactory way. Both results of field and laboratory
investigations are essential to obtain necessary information in this regard. “PRIME SUB SOIL”
performed the sub-soil investigations at the proposed site for the “EXECUTIVE ENGINEER
FARIDPUR PWD DIVISION.” The investigation comprises soil boring, field-testing, soil
sampling, and laboratory testing.
The fieldwork was completed in January - 2019. This report contains relevant data, bore-logs,
drawing and graphs as well as soil stratification and very tentative recommendation about the
type of foundations.
2.0 Objective:
The purpose of soil exploration is to find out strength characteristics of the Sub-Soil over
which the Structure will have to be built. The soil exploration should provide the necessary
data to evaluate the following: -
-The safe Bearing Capacity of Soil.
-The location of Ground Water Table.
-The choice and Depth of Foundation.
- To determine the probable maximum & differential settlement
3.0 Client and project
SALTHA, FARIDPUR.
4.0 Field Works
The land is approximately plan each boring includes the following field works:
-Standard penetration test (SPT)
-Collection of disturbed samples
-Collection of undisturbed samples
-Field classification of soils
-Recording of ground water table (GWT)
-Sealing of undisturbed samples by tube
-2-
4.1 Exploratory borings
Field works actually consists of three (03) numbers of Exploratory Bore Holes (location shown
in the enclosed layout plan) up to 30.30m depth below existing ground surface.
The N value gives useful information with regards to consistency of cohesive soil and relative
density of cohesion less soil. These relationships are given in the Tables 7.1.1 and
7.1.2(a),(b),(c) for cohesive and cohesion less soil, respectively.
Table 6.1.1 Relation of N-value with the Consistency and the Unconfined Compressive
Strength of Cohesive Soils (after Bowles 1997).
Unconfined
N-values Consistency Compression Strength (qu)
tsf KPa
0-2 Very soft 0 to 0.25 0 to 25
3-5 Soft 0.25 to 0.50 25 to 50
6-9 Medium 0.50 to 1 50 to 100
10-16 Stiff 1 to 2 100 to 200
17-30 Very stiff 2 To 4 200 to 400
>30 Hard >4 >400
Table 6.1.2 (a) N and ф Relation to Relative Density for Fine Sand (after Bowles 1997)
Table 6.1.2 (b) N and ф Relation to Relative Density for Medium Sand (after Bowles 1997)
Foundations, preferably piles are considered to transmit heavy load from superstructure to
deep and hard strata. As the formation of soil strata consists of cohesive and non-cohesive
type, the evaluation criteria for the determination of skin friction and the end bearing
capacities of piles also vary. Details of the evaluation are provided in the following sub-
headings.
Cohesive soil :
For soil under cohesive group i. e., for clay and plastic silt, the skin friction and the end bearing
capacities of square or circular pile may be evaluated by the following general formulae.
fsu =α Cu (7.2.1)
qpu =N Cu (7.2.2)
Where, fsu= Ultimate skin friction.
α = Adhesion factor (can be obtained from the table given below).
Cu = Untrained Shear Strength.
qpu = Ultimate end bearing of pile.
Nc = Bearing capacity factor for deep foundation =9
Non-cohesive soil:
For non-cohesive soil of silt, fine to medium sand the skin friction and the end bearing
capacities of pile may be evaluated by the following formulae, suggested by Meyer of.
4Nf
N′ = if Po < 71.8 KN/m2 (1.50 ksf)
1+c1 P0
4Nf
N′ = if Po > 71.8 KN/m2 (1.50 ksf)
3.25 + C2 Po
Moreover, silty fine sands and fine sands below the water table develop pore pressure which is
not easily dissipated. The pore pressure affects the resistance of the soil and hence the
penetration number. Terzaghi and Peck (1967) recommended the following correction in the
case of silty-fine sand when the observed values of N′ exceeds 15.
N = 15 + 0.5 (N′ - 15)
Where, N = Final corrected SPT value.
6
8.0 BEARING CAPACITY OF PROPOSED FOUNDATION
TABLE FOR SQUARE & STRIP (CONTINUOUS) FOOTING/RAFT FOUNDATION
According to Tarzaghi Bearing capacities Theory for shallow foundation, The Bearing Capacity Factors have been taken
from Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Factor Table
7
Bearing capacities of piles from the SPT and soil Parameters
Q=πD* L* fs+ π/4* D^2* fb
Q=Pile capacity
fs= value of the skin friction B.H NO. = 1.0
fb=value of pile end bearing capacity
D=diameter of pile F.S = 3.00
L=length of pile
α=adhesion factor
Cu=shearing strength
N=standard penetration number
Depth SPT C. SPT Soil α Cu fs fb Qa (ton)
m No's No's c tsf tsf tsf 18 inch 20 inch 24 inch 26 inch
N.B.: According to Meyerhof Bearing capacities Theory Based on Standard Penetration Test Values with soil parameters
for deep foundation.
8
Bearing capacities of piles from the SPT and soil Parameters
Q=πD* L* fs+ π/4* D^2* fb
Q=Pile capacity
fs= value of the skin friction B.H NO. = 2.0
fb=value of pile end bearing capacity
D=diameter of pile F.S = 3.00
L=length of pile
α=adhesion factor
Cu=shearing strength
N=standard penetration number
Depth SPT C. SPT Soil α Cu fs fb Qa (ton)
m No's No's c tsf tsf tsf 18 inch 20 inch 24 inch 26 inch
N.B.: According to Meyerhof Bearing capacities Theory Based on Standard Penetration Test Values with soil parameters
for deep foundation.
9
Bearing capacities of piles from the SPT and soil Parameters
Q=πD* L* fs+ π/4* D^2* fb
Q=Pile capacity
fs= value of the skin friction B.H NO. = 3.0
fb=value of pile end bearing capacity
D=diameter of pile F.S = 3.00
L=length of pile
α=adhesion factor
Cu=shearing strength
N=standard penetration number
Depth SPT C. SPT Soil α Cu fs fb Qa (ton)
m No's No's c tsf tsf tsf 18 inch 20 inch 24 inch 26 inch
N.B.: According to Meyerhof Bearing capacities Theory Based on Standard Penetration Test Values with soil parameters
for deep foundation.
-10-
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION:
Experienced structural engineer and geo-technical engineer are required to work side by side
to select the appropriate foundation type needed for the site of SALTHA, FARIDPUR.
Recommendation for a foundation type does not depend only on soil parameters rather some
other factors like architectural layout, loading condition, importance factor, financial
constraints, availability of building materials in particular region and construction technique
etc. also play important role. Since it is beyond the scope of our assigned job, we refrain from
recommending specific foundation type but can only provide our impression.
Our findings on the basis of field boring exploration & laboratory investigation are recorded as
below:
The top soil layer consists of Brown/Grey soft to medium stiff silty CLAY maximum depth
of 4.50m from EGL, followed by Grey medium dense silty FINE SAND in nature.
Under the prevailing sub-soil condition as evident from above analysis we may recommend
following type of foundation.
Deep Foundation:
a. Alternatively, the Deep foundations, preferably of the piles may also be considered. The
required values of the skin friction as well as the end bearing capacities of the pile
(Driven type) are provided in the page no 7-9
b. The Carrying capacities of the pile to be calculated from the table values (Ref page no 7-
9 ) Must be confirmed from carrying out the Load test (Bored R.C.C pile) or from the
field driven records (Driven pile) covering the entire building area.
However, the choice of foundation type depends upon the designer who may select any type of
foundation at any depth of considering framing pattern of structure, overall economy and site
condition, he can also calculate bearing capacity considering the theory suitable to him and
also on his engineering judgment.
PRIME SUB SOIL
CLIENT EXECUTIVE ENGINEER FARIDPUR PWD DIVISION.
Depth (m)
Sample ID
Symbols
15 cm
15 cm
15 cm
30 cm
Description of Materials Graphical Representation of
SPT N- Value
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
.
D-1 1.5 3 1.5 3
0.0-4.50
19.5 38
12.00-30.00
Depth (m)
Sample ID
Symbols
15 cm
15 cm
15 cm
30 cm
Description of Materials Graphical Representation of
SPT N- Value
0 10 20 30 40 50
.
D-1 1.5 2 1.5 2
0.0-4.50
D-17 25.5
D-18 27.0
D-19 28.5
D-20 30.0
Depth (m)
Sample ID
Symbols
15 cm
15 cm
15 cm
30 cm
Description of Materials Graphical Representation of
SPT N- Value
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
.
D-1 1.5 4 1.5 4
0.0-4.50
D-17 25.5
D-18 27.0
D-19 28.5
D-20 30.0
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000
BH NO. Sample No. Depth (m) Legend USCS Sand Silt Clay
1 U-1 0.90m-1.35m 13 56 31
1 U-2 2.40m-2.85m 11 72 17
2 U-1 0.90m-1.35m 8 66 26
100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000
Particle size (mm)
BH NO. Sample No. Depth (m) Legend USCS Sand Silt Clay
1 D-5 7.5 65 35 0
1 D-11 16.5 90 10 0
2 D-5 7.5 71 29 0
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000
BH NO. Sample No. Depth (m) Legend USCS Sand Silt Clay
2 U-2 2.40m-2.85m 4 80 16
3 U-1 0.90m-1.35m 9 59 32
3 U-2 2.40m-2.85m 10 72 18
100
90
80
Percentage passing
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000
Particle size (mm)
BH NO. Sample No. Depth (m) Legend USCS Sand Silt Clay
2 D-15 22.5 90 10 0
3 D-11 16.5 91 9 0
3 D-13 19.5 81 19 0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Percent strain %
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
Stress (kg/sqcm)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Percent strain %
Unconfined CompressionTest
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
Stress (kg/sqcm)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Percent strain %
0.9
0.8
0.7
Stress (kg/sqcm)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Percent strain %
Unconfined CompressionTest
1.200
1.100
1.000
0.900
Void Ratio
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.1 1 10
Pressure in kg/cm² (p)
1.200
1.100
1.000
Void Ratio
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.1 1 10
Pressure in kg/cm² (p)
Consolidation Test
1.200
1.100
1.000
0.900
Void Ratio
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.1 1 10
Pressure in kg/cm² (p)
1.200
1.100
1.000
Void Ratio
0.900
0.800
0.700
0.600
0.500
0.1 1 10
Pressure in kg/cm² (p)
Consolidation Test
2 2
1.5 1.5
SHEAR STRESS , (kg/cm²)
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
NORMAL STRESS (kg/cm²) NORMAL STRESS (kg/cm²)
2 2
1.5 1.5
SHEAR STRESS , (kg/cm²)
1 1
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
NORMAL STRESS (kg/cm²) NORMAL STRESS (kg/cm²)
1.5 1.5
SHEAR STRESS , (kg/cm²)
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
NORMAL STRESS (kg/cm²) NORMAL STRESS (kg/cm²)
2 2
1.5 1.5
SHEAR STRESS , (kg/cm²)
1 1
0.5 0.5
0 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
NORMAL STRESS (kg/cm²) NORMAL STRESS (kg/cm²)
4 0.0
LL= Liquid limit γWT= Wet (gm/cc) cu= Undrained shear strength (kg/scm) e0= Void ratio
PI = Plasticity index γd= Dry (gm/cc) C= Cohesion (kg/scm) Cc= Compression index
Gs= Specific gravity φο= Angle of internal friction (deg)
NATURAL SPECIFIC UNCONFINED CONSOLIDATIO DIRECT SHEAR
BORE HOLE
U-1 0.90m-1.35m 43 29 1.76 1.33 8 66 26 32.06 2.710 0.25 5.11 1.033 0.323 0.13
U-2 2.40m-2.85m 43 28 1.82 1.31 4 80 16 28.53 2.690 0.63 6.28 0.31
2
D-5 7.5m NP NP - - 71 29 - - - - - - - 31
D-15 22.5m NP NP - - 90 10 - - - - - - - 31
U-1 0.90m-1.35m 36 22 1.80 1.38 9 59 32 30.31 2.700 0.50 5.73 0.955 0.288 0.25
U-2 2.40m-2.85m 46 31 1.84 1.29 10 72 18 29.81 2.690 0.75 6.33 0.38
3
D-11 16.5m NP NP - - 91 9 - - - - - - - 29
D-13 19.5m NP NP - - 81 19 - - - - - - - 31