Report 13 Church ST

Post-Roman Pottery from Church
Street, Romsey, Hampshire

Ben Jervis Archaeological Report 13
By Ben Jervis MA PIFA
INTRODUCTION
This report provides a summary and discussion of the pottery recovered from excavations by Test
Valley Archaeological Trust at Church Street, Romsey in 1989. Pottery from earlier excavations is not
discussed here. The site archive does not include a stratigraphic report, however features have been
phased, seemingly on the basis of stratigraphic relationships and pottery spot dates. The later
phases are dated in part by modifications made to Osborne House. The phases defined by the
excavators can be summarised as follows:
Phase 1: Post conquest to 13th century
Phase 2a: 13th-15th Century
Phase 2b: 14th Century
Phase 2c: 15th Century
Phase 3a: 16h Century
Phase 3b: late 16th-early 17th century
Phase 4: 18th-19th Century
Phase 5: 18th Century
Phase 6a: 1808-1815
Phase 6b: Pre-1845
Phase 6c: 1898-1903
Modern: 1903 onwards
The pottery from the site as a whole will be summarised, before a discussion by phase and feature is
undertaken. The types mentioned here are defined in Jervis, B. Forthcoming “Medieval Pottery from
Romsey: An Overview” and fabric descriptions have been lodged with Hampshire Museum Service.
THE POTTERY
The assemblage consists of 2610 sherds, weighing 33kg (table 1). The earliest sherds present are 10
fragments of Roman pottery, all of which are residual in later features and will not be discussed
further in this report. No mid-Anglo Saxon Organic Tempered Wares are present, meaning that the
earliest medieval sherds consist of 7 sherds of Flint Tempered Ware. Saxo-Norman wares are
particularly common. These consist of Flint and Sand Tempered Wares (78 sherds), with 4 sherds of
%ge %ge
Ware SC SC SW SW
Roman 10 0% 54 0%
Flint tempered ware 7 0% 67 0%
Flint and sand tempered ware 75 3% 743 2%
FMQ2 1 0% 4 0%
Flint and sand tempered ware (Newbury
type) 2 0% 16 0%
Chalk tempered ware 4 0% 51 0%
Crystalline tempered 1 0% 16 0%
Saxo-Norman Organic Tempered 1 0% 5 0%
Fine sandy ware 30 1% 388 1%
FQ2 29 1% 349 1%
Wessex Coarseware 727 28% 7266 22%
Laverstock-type Ware 40 2% 266 1%
Local Pink Sandy Ware 1 0% 11 0%
Local Whiteware 25 1% 344 1%
South Hampshire Redware 59 2% 630 2%
Southampton Sandy Ware 9 0% 78 0%
Surrey(?) Whiteware 1 0% 18 0%
Dorset whiteware 1 0% 35 0%
Dorset Red Painted Ware 5 0% 39 0%
Rouen-type Ware 5 0% 10 0%
Saintonge Whiteware 3 0% 37 0%
ARGmq1 2 0% 12 0%
FQ4 3 0% 27 0%
FQarg1 6 0% 105 0%
FQarg3 1 0% 41 0%
FQF2 16 1% 156 0%
FQF3 2 0% 37 0%
MQfe2 7 0% 74 0%
MQ3 59 2% 837 3%
MQ4 174 7% 2306 7%
FQ14 10 0% 128 0%
FQfe3 1 0% 2 0%
FQfearg1 1 0% 3 0%
FQarg2 41 2% 686 2%
MQfe3 2 0% 65 0%
MQffe1 1 0% 11 0%
Late medieval organic tempered sandy
ware 7 0% 160 0%
Late medieval sandy ware 335 13% 6069 18%
Iberian calcareous redware 1 0% 13 0%
Iberian Micaceous Redware 1 0% 8 0%
Misc. Medieval 21 1% 88 0%
Siegberg Stoneware 2 0% 12 0%
Raeren-type Stoneware 66 3% 79 0%
Frechen-type Stoneware 4 0% 44 0%
Westerwald Stoneware 3 0% 78 0%
Border Ware 9 0% 147 0%
Coarse Border Ware 2 0% 28 0%
Tudor Green 57 2% 117 0%
Post Medieval Sandy Ware 63 2% 1522 5%
Verwood 431 17% 6850 21%
Post Medieval Redware 41 2% 1120 3%
Post Medieval Brown Glazed 5 0% 22 0%
Bristol-Staffordshire Slipware 1 0% 12 0%
Tin Glazed Ware 31 1% 251 1%
Creamware 59 2% 286 1%
Pearlware 1 0% 2 0%
Black Basalte 3 0% 26 0%
Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 7 0% 54 0%
Scratch Blue 1 0% 2 0%
Industrial Slipware 3 0% 8 0%
Porcelain 14 1% 113 0%
Refined Earthenware 44 2% 358 1%
English Stoneware 21 1% 626 2%
Flower Pot 5 0% 41 0%
Unid 10 0% 143 0%
Total 2610 33196
Table 1: Composition of the Assemblage.
Chalk Tempered Ware and single sherds of Crystalline and Organic Tempered wares being present.
The Organic Tempered Ware is believed to be of Saxo-Norman date due to similarities in the fabric
with Wessex Coarsewares. There also 30 sherds of Fine Sandy Ware (the tradition to which
Michelmersh-type Wares are a part) of probable Saxo-Norman date and a further 29 sherds of fabric
FQ2, which may be contemporary. As in other assemblages in Romsey the most abundant medieval
ware is Wessex Coarseware, of probable 12th-14th century date. These coarse, quartz tempered
wares are similar to products produced at Laverstock and form part of a tradition which runs from
eastern Dorset, through southern Wiltshire and west Hampshire.
Thirteenth and fourteenth century glazed sandy wares are well represented in the assemblage. The
most common are South Hampshire Redware (59 sherds) and Laverstock-type Wares (40 sherds).
There are also 25 sherds of Local Whiteware, a sherd of Local Pink Sandy Ware and 9 sherds of
Southampton-type Sandy Ware. Dorset wares are represented by a single sherd of Dorset
Whiteware and 5 sherds of Dorset Red Painted Ware. A single whiteware sherd is present which
may be of Surrey type. Imports are also present in the 13th-14th century wares, being represented by
5 sherds of Rouen-type Ware and 2 sherds of Saintonge Whiteware.
Sherds of several wares of uncertain medieval date are present in the assemblage. Two fine sandy
wares with flint temper (FQF2 and FQF3) are present and may be of 13th-14th century date as they
only occur in quantity in phase 2 deposits. A similar date has been suggested for the similar ware
FQF1 elsewhere in Romsey. Three sandy wares with iron rich clay pellets (MQarg1, FQarg1 and
FQarg3) are present in small quantities and also likely fit into this time frame. The iron rich MQfe2 is
also present, elsewhere it has tentatively been suggested that this is a 13th-14th century type and this
would also fit with the evidence here.
There are 335 sherds of definite Late Medieval Sandy Ware whilst 174 sherds of MQ4 (dated
elsewhere to the 14th-15th centuries) are present, with 59 sherds of MQ3 which is deemed to be
contemporary elsewhere. These wares are most common in the latter part of phase 2 here,
supporting this conclusion. There are also 41 sherds of FQarg2, deemed to be a later medieval type
and small quantities of other types which demonstrate characteristics of later medieval sandy wares
(FQ14, FQfe3, FQfearg1, MQfe3 and MQffe1) are present. Some of the sherds of these wares appear
residual in later deposits, so it is not possible to demonstrate their date conclusively. Seven sherds of
Late Medieval Organic Tempered Sandy Ware are also present, with most sherds coming from
deposits belonging to phase 2c. Later medieval imports are represented by Iberian Redwares,
including a calcareous ware in which a mercury jar is present. Rhenish stonewares are also present.
The most common are Raeren-type (66 sherds), but small quantities of Siegberg, Frechen and
Westerwald types are also present.
As elsewhere in Romsey, the most common post medieval earthenware is Verwood-type ware (431
sherds), with other Post Medieval Sandy Wares, related to the later medieval sandy wares discussed
above also being present (63 sherds), with sherds of Post Medieval Redware (41 sherds) and Brown
Glazed Wares (possibly of Alderholt type) also being present. Surrey-types are represented by 9
sherds of Border Ware, 2 sherds of Coarse Border Ware and 57 sherds of Tudor Green. A single
sherd of Bristol-Staffordshire Slipware is present. A range of later, industrial wares are present.
These include 31 sherds of Tin Glazed Ware, 59 sherds of Creamware and 1 of Pearlware.
Staffordshire types consist of 3 sherds of Black Basalte Ware, 7 sherds of White Salt Glazed
Stoneware and a sherd of Scratch Blue, whilst three sherds of Industrial Slipware are also present.
Other wares present consist of Porcelain (14 sherds), Refined Earthenware (44 sherds), English
Stoneware (21 sherds) and 5 sherds from flower pots.
The pottery demonstrates continuous depositional activity, if not occupation, from the 11th-19th
centuries with a typical range of wares present, although it is noticeable that imported wares both
from High and Late Medieval phases are more common than elsewhere in Romsey. A wide range of
post medieval types are present and these are likely to be related to Osborne House, in whose
garden the excavations took place. The pottery can now be discussed by site phase and feature.
PHASE 1: 11TH-13TH CENTURIES

Over half of the sherds from phase 1 deposits are of Wessex Coarseware, which, on the basis of the
Laverstock-kilns, began to be produced in the 12th-13th centuries (table 2). Sherds of earlier, Saxo-
Norman types are also present, principally in the form of Flint and Sand Tempered Wares. Only a
small proportion of the Fine Sandy Wares were present in features of this phase. Sherds of 13 th-14th
century glazed wares are likely to be contemporary with this phase. Intrusive sherds of later
medieval sandy wares and some post medieval types are present however, so it must be considered
that some sherds of 13th-14th century date are also intrusive in these features.
%ge
Ware SC SC SW %geSW ASW
Roman 3 1% 13 0% 4
Flint tempered ware 4 1% 31 1% 8
Flint and sand tempered ware 44 13% 512 14% 12
Flint and sand tempered ware (Newbury
type) 1 0% 13 0% 13
Crystalline tempered 1 0% 16 0% 16
Fine sandy ware 8 2% 63 2% 8
FQ2 6 2% 45 1% 8
Wessex Coarseware 202 59% 2014 56% 10
Laverstock-type Ware 4 1% 59 2% 15
Local Whiteware 1 0% 12 0% 12
South Hampshire Redware 33 10% 317 9% 10
Southampton Sandy Ware 3 1% 38 1% 13
Saintonge Whiteware 1 0% 6 0% 6
FQ4 1 0% 4 0% 4
FQarg1 2 1% 33 1% 17
MQfe2 1 0% 3 0% 3
MQ3 2 1% 34 1% 17
MQ4 3 1% 29 1% 10
FQarg2 4 1% 24 1% 6
ware 1 0% 8 0% 8
Late medieval sandy ware 6 2% 227 6% 38
Tudor Green 2 1% 6 0% 3
Verwood 3 1% 26 1% 9
Post Medieval Redware 2 1% 23 1% 12
Creamware 3 1% 10 0% 3
Refined Earthenware 1 0% 1 0% 1
Total 342 3567 10
Table 2: Composition of the Phase 1 Assemblage.
The features present in this phase consist of several pits and postholes as well as a channel which
was excavated in several areas of the site. Several structural features are also present as well as
several layers.
A channel was excavated in several areas of the site. It was given the feature numbers 13, 1522,
1578, 1579, 1580, 1593 and 1691. Pottery was recovered from 3 contexts in this channel; (1521) in
feature 1522 and (1539) in feature 1691 are the same layer, whilst pottery was also recovered from
(1692) in feature 1691 (table 3). Context (1521) only contained small sherds, all likely to be of 11th-
13th century date. These consist of 6 sherds of Wessex Coarseware, 3 sherds of FQ2 and 2 sherds of
Flint and Sandy Tempered Ware. Similar wares are also present in (1539), with a single moderately
sized sherd of Flint Tempered Ware possibly being of 10th century (or earlier) date. Small sherds of
South Hampshire Redware and FQ4 date to the latter part of this bracket and may be intrusive.
Certainly large sherds of MQ3 and FQarg2 are intrusive. The stratigraphic position of layer (1692) is
unclear, but the same range of types are present as in (1521), although the sherds are generally
larger. This channel would appear to have been filled, possibly through silting, during the Saxo-
Norman period, with small quantities of pottery being mixed in with the fill. The channel, like the
Shitlake at Newton Lane, was not a major focus for waste deposition. Clearly some portions of the
channel were disturbed in later periods, accounting for the intrusive pottery present in layer (1539).
Feature: 1522 1691

Context: 1521 1539 1692 Total
Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW
Flint tempered ware 1 13 13 1 13
Flint and sand tempered ware 2 14 7 4 45 11 2 42 21 8 101
FQ2 3 21 7 1 17 17 4 38
Wessex Coarseware 6 23 4 4 60 15 1 4 4 11 87
South Hampshire Redware 1 3 3 1 3
FQ4 1 4 4 1 4
MQ3 1 29 29 1 29
FQarg2 1 13 13 1 13
Total 11 58 5 13 167 13 4 63 16 28 288
Table 3: Pottery from the Phase 1 Channel.
Like the channel, a ditch was also excavated in several areas of the site. This was given the feature
numbers 1274, 1324 and 1649. Only layers within features 1324 and 1649 contained pottery (table
4). Layers (1264) and (1797) are the same layer, excavated in different sections of the ditch, whilst
(1825) underlies (1797). Layer (1825) only contained a single small sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered
Ware, probably of Saxo-Norman date. Layer (1797) contained a wider range of types. Saxo-Norman
wares present include a small sherd of Flint Tempered Ware (which may be residual) and moderately
sized sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and Crystalline Tempered Ware. Fourteen sherds of
Wessex Coarseware are also present. These are generally smaller than the Saxo-Norman sherds and
some may be intrusive. A sherd of Late Medieval Sandy Ware is definitely intrusive. The equivalent
context (1264) has a much more mixed and fragmented assemblage. Residual material is definitely
present, in the form of a single small sherd of Roman pottery. Saxo-Norman wares are present,
consisting of small sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and Fine Sandy Ware, whilst there are
also 59 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware. The differences in the level of fragmentation in the
contemporary wares in different sections of the ditch perhaps point to different depositional history,
with (1264) being a mixture of redeposited material, whilst (1797) may have been filled from a
different source. There are also intrusive sherds present in (1264), consisting of a large sherd of
Southampton-type Sandy Ware, small sherds of MQfe2 and MQ4 and a fairly large (19g) sherd of
Post Medieval Redware. The ditch would seem to have been filled in the 11 th-12th centuries on the
basis of the pottery present, however the presence of intrusive material, particularly in context
(1264) is demonstrative of later disturbance to the ditch fills.
Feature: 1324 1649

Roman 1 5 5 1 5
Flint tempered ware 1 2 2 1 2
Flint and sand tempered ware 6 49 8 9 116 13 1 5 5 16 170
Crystalline tempered 1 16 16 1 16
Fine sandy ware 5 41 8 5 41
Wessex Coarseware 59 467 8 14 121 9 73 588
Southampton Sandy Ware 1 21 21 1 21
MQfe2 1 3 3 1 3
MQ4 1 6 6 1 6
Late medieval sandy ware 1 36 36 1 36
Post Medieval Redware 1 19 19 1 19
Total 75 611 8 26 291 11 1 5 5 102 907
Table 4: Pottery from the Phase 1 Ditch.
A further ditch, 1718 is also present. It is described as being ‘L-shaped’. The fill (1717) contained 10
sherds, but all but 2 (of Wessex Coarseware) are later types, including sherds of Late Medieval Sandy
Ware, Tudor Green, Verwood and Refined Earthenwares (table 5). Presumably this ditch was
assigned to phase 1 on stratigraphic grounds. If it does indeed belong to this phase then it has been
heavily disturbed. On the basis of the pottery spot date, this ditch could easily be an 18 th century
feature.
Context: 1717
Ware SC SW ASW
Wessex Coarseware 2 17 9
Late medieval sandy ware 1 80 80
Tudor Green 1 2 2
Verwood 2 9 5
Creamware 3 10 3
Refined Earthenware 1 1 1
Total 10 119 12
Table 5: Pottery from Ditch 1718.
Layer (1612) in area H underlies the gravel yard surface (1147), which is dated to phase 2a. It
contained 13 sherds of varying date and size. Saxo-Norman pottery is represented by 1 moderately
sized sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware of ‘Newbury type’. A range of 13th-14th century wares
are also present, but sherds are noticeably more fragmented. These consist of 7 sherds of Wessex
Coarseware and sherds of South Hampshire Redware, Laverstock-type Ware and FQarg1. There are
also sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware and MQ3. The only sherd likely to be contemporary with
the layer is the sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware. The later sherds are intrusive and likely
derive from the overlying yard surface.
Context: 1612
Ware SC SW ASW
Flint and sand tempered ware (Newbury type) 1 13 13
Laverstock-type Ware 1 5 5
South Hampshire Redware 1 7 7
FQarg1 1 20 20
MQ3 1 5 5
Late medieval organic tempered sandy ware 1 8 8
Total 13 77 6
Table 6: Pottery from Layer 1612.
Layer (1695) is an oyster shell layer which also underlies the gravel yard surface (1147). The pottery
from the layer suggests either that it is slightly later in date than (1612) or, that like (1612), the bulk
of the pottery is intrusive (table 7). A small sherd of FQ2 may be of Saxo-Norman date and a case
could be made for the 4 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware being contemporary with
the deposit. A large sherd of Laverstock-type ware and smaller sherds of Southampton-type Sandy
Ware and Late Medieval Sandy Ware are definitely intrusive however, probably derived from the
overlying yard surface.
Context: 1695
Ware SC SW ASW
FQ2 1 5 5
Southampton Sandy Ware 1 8 8
FQarg2 2 9 5
Total 9 121 13
Table 7: The Pottery from Layer 1695.
Pit 75 contained a series of layers, however all of the pottery is from context (1057) which is a
number assigned to ‘the remains of pit 75’, meaning that all of the pottery must be treated as
unstratified within the pit. Most of the 31 sherds can be assigned to the 11th-13th centuries. These
consist of a moderately sized sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and 24 large sherds of Wessex
Coarseware. Smaller sherds of Local Whiteware and South Hampshire Redware belong to the latter
part of this bracket, however the smaller sherd size suggests they may be intrusive, perhaps deriving
from slumping into the top of the pit. Single sherds of Tudor Green and Verwood-type ware are
definitely intrusive in the pit. Because of the lack of contextual information it is not possible to
discuss the filling of the pit in more depth.
Context: 1057
Ware SC SW ASW
Flint and sand tempered ware 1 15 15
Local Whiteware 1 12 12
Tudor Green 1 4 4
Verwood 1 17 17
Total 31 601 19
Table 8: The Pottery from Pit 75.
Pit 1285 was cut by the 18th century cellar and this explains why only 2 sherds, both of Wessex
Coarseware, were recovered from it. No pottery was recovered from pit 96.
Several layers have also been attributed to this phase, but contained little or no pottery. Layer
(1348) is in area G. It contained a single sherd of Roman pottery. Layer (1472) in area E contained a
single small sherd of FQarg2, it may be intrusive. Layer (1339) is a brickearth layer in area F, it
contained only a single sherd of Wessex Coarseware.
The phase 1 deposits generally contain pottery assemblages datable to the 11th-13th centuries
however many also have clear intrusive elements, probably caused by later disturbance to these
earlier features. The channel and ditches belonging to this phase did contain larger quantities of
pottery and therefore do not appear to have been major foci of deposition. The pits, with the
exception of pit 75 have been disturbed, whereas the records from pit 75 do not allow a full
consideration of the filling of this feature. It can be demonstrated however that for most of these
features (with the exception of ditch 1718) that a phase 1 date is appropriate on ceramic grounds.
PHASE 2 (13TH-15TH CENTURIES)

Phase 2 has been subdivided into 3 different phases, 2a, 2b and 2c. Phase 2a consists of a series of
structural features and layers, as well as well 1591. These features have been dated broadly to the
13th-15th centuries. Phase 2a relates to 14th century features. These include pits, structural features
and layers. Phase 2c relates to 15th century features. These also consist of a series of pits, layers,
structural features and well 1689.
A wide range of pottery types are present in these different phases (table 9). In phase 2a the most
common ware is Wessex Coarseware, although a range of earlier types including Fine Sandy Ware
and Flint and Sand Tempered Ware are present in small quantities. A range of 13th-14th century
sandy glazed wares are also present, including Rouen and Saintonge wares. Although MQ3 and MQ4
are present, later medieval types account for a lesser proportion of the assemblage than in phases
2b and 2c.
Phase 2b has the smallest assemblage (224 sherds). Wessex Coarsewares still account for a third of
sherds, but Late Medieval Sandy Wares form a considerably higher proportion of the assemblage.
The 13th-14th century glazed sandy wares are less common. This trend continues into phase 2c, in
which Post Medieval Sandy Wares are increasingly common. Therefore, on ceramic grounds, this
phasing of features appears to hold true.
Phase: 2a 2b 2c Phase 2
Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW
Roman 5 32 6 1 5 5 6 37 6
Flint tempered ware 3 36 12 3 36 12
Flint and sand tempered ware 11 74 7 10 59 6 3 18 6 24 151 6
Chalk tempered ware 3 39 13 1 12 12 4 51 13
Fine sandy ware 14 112 8 14 112 8
FQ2 8 57 7 9 121 13 17 178 10
Wessex Coarseware 196 2012 10 83 922 11 168 1526 9 447 4460 10
Laverstock-type Ware 17 102 6 1 3 3 9 34 4 27 139 5
Local Whiteware 1 6 6 1 7 7 2 13 7
South Hampshire Redware 16 247 15 1 6 6 6 21 4 23 274 12
Southampton Sandy Ware 4 35 9 4 35 9
Surrey(?) Whiteware 1 18 18 1 18 18
Dorset whiteware 1 35 35 1 35 35
Dorset Red Painted Ware 4 32 8 4 32 8
Rouen-type Ware 4 9 2 4 9 2
Saintonge Whiteware 2 31 16 2 31 16
ARGmq1 1 7 7 1 7 7
FQ4 1 13 13 1 13 13
FQarg1 1 5 5 1 22 22 2 27 14
FQarg3 1 41 41 1 41 41
FQF2 2 17 9 13 100 8 1 39 39 16 156 10
MQfe2 1 10 10 1 8 8 2 18 9
MQ3 35 280 8 3 27 9 10 293 29 48 600 13
MQ4 49 623 13 20 298 15 87 1134 13 156 2055 13
FQfearg1 1 3 3 1 3 3
FQarg2 7 54 8 21 485 23 28 539 19
MQfe3 2 65 33 2 65 33
Late medieval organic tempered sandy ware 1 28 28 1 2 2 2 25 13 4 55 14
Late medieval sandy ware 19 360 19 86 1382 16 194 3825 20 299 5567 19
Siegberg Stoneware 1 5 5 1 5 5
Raeren-type Stoneware 1 5 5 1 5 5
Misc. Medieval 18 51 3 3 37 12 21 88 4
Tudor Green 2 2 1 12 20 2 14 22 2
Post Medieval Sandy Ware 33 1080 33 33 1080 33
Verwood 29 385 13 41 490 12 70 875 13
Post Medieval Redware 2 65 33 2 65 33
Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 1 3 3 1 3 3
Porcelain 1 1 1 1 1 1
Unid 2 1 1 2 1 1
Total 454 4685 10 224 2891 13 612 9326 15 1290 16902 13
Table 9: Pottery from Phase 2 Deposits.
Context: 1819 1821 1822 1824 1826 1827 Total

S S AS S S AS S S AS S S AS S S AS S S AS S S
Ware C W W C W W C W W C W W C W W C W W C W
Flint and sand tempered ware 1 8 8 1 8
Chalk tempered ware 1 12 12 1 12
13 11 42
Wessex Coarseware 2 33 17 10 76 8 3 16 5 11 8 13 14 8 8 6 40 7 46 1
Laverstock-type Ware 1 5 5 1 6 6 2 11
Local Whiteware 1 6 6 1 6
MQ3 1 4 4 1 4
MQ4 1 5 5 1 5
Late medieval organic tempered
sandy ware 1 28 28 1 28
25 30
Late medieval sandy ware 2 27 14 9 1 28 1 29 29 12 7
Verwood 1 4 4 1 4
34 19 15 80
Total 4 60 15 22 4 16 3 16 5 13 5 15 19 1 8 6 40 7 67 6
Table 11: Pottery from Pit 1840.
Phase 2a (13th-15th century)
Layer 30 is a brickearth layer that covers the site, which underlies the late 16th-early 17th century
layer 29. Only one context within this group of layers (1241) contained pottery (table 10). All of the
pottery is of 11th-13th century date and consists of a small sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware
and fairly large sherds of Fine Sandy Ware and Wessex Coarsewares. This layer would appear, on
ceramic grounds, to date the earlier part of phase 2a.
Context: 1241
Ware SC SW ASW
Flint tempered ware 1 4 4
Fine sandy ware 1 19 19
Total 5 78 16
Table 10: Pottery from Brickearth Layer 30.
Context (1608) is a burnt layer, nothing is noted about its stratigraphic associations. It contained a
single moderately large sherd of FQ1 and on this basis can be dated to the earlier part of phase 2a.
Pit 1840 contains a mixture of gravel and cessy fills. The lowest fills are gravel layers (1828) and
(1827), which are overlain by fills (1823), (1824) and (1826), whilst the upper fills (1822), (1821) and
(1819) contained cessy material. Layer (1828) did not contain pottery. Layer (1827) contained 6 very
small sherds of Wessex Coarseware, perhaps redeposited along with the gravel fill (table 11). Most
pottery comes from the middle fills of the pit. Layer (1826) contained 19 small sherds (ASW: 8g).
These include 1 moderately sized sherd of Chalk Tempered Ware, 14 small sherds of Wessex
Coarseware and single small sherds of Laverstock-type Ware, Local Whiteware, MQ3 and MQ4. The
fragmented nature of the material suggests that the fill is redeposited. The latest material is of 14 th
century date, so this can be suggested as a terminus post quem for this deposit. Layer (1824)
contained less pottery, but the sherds are larger. They consist of 11 moderately sized sherds of
Wessex Coarseware and large sherds of Late Medieval Organic Tempered Ware and Late Medieval
Sandy Ware. The difference in the fragmentation of this material suggests that this may be part of a
secondary waste deposit, probably deposited in the latter part of the 14th century. The upper cessy
depsoits generally contain small and fragmented assemblages. Layer (1822) contained 3 small
(probably residual) sherds of Wessex Coarseware. Pottery is more abundant in layer (1822). Small
sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, Wessex Coarseware and Laverstock-type ware would
appear to be residual, perhaps redeposited as material used to seal a cessy deposit. Nine larger
sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware are probably contemporary with the fill and may be
representative of the placement of some secondary waste in the pit in the late 14th or early 15th
century. A single small sherd of Verwood-type is probably intrusive. Layer (1822) would appear to be
a mixture of redeposited and secondary waste, perhaps dumped into the pit to seal lower cessy
deposits. Layer (1819) contained 4 sherds, 2 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware and 2 of
Late Medieval Sandy Ware. These may also relate to sealing deposits. Pit 1480 would appear to have
been filled in the latter part of the 14th century with a mixture of redeposited and secondary waste.
On ceramic grounds it could probably be moved to phase 2b.
Pit 1462 contained 7 sherds (table 12). The lowest fill with pottery is (1515), which contained 2 small
sherds of Wessex Coarseware. Context (1463) contained 5 sherds; 3 of Wessex Coarseware, 1 of
MQ5 and 1 of FQfe1. The fragmented nature of the sherds suggests that the pit was filled with
redeposited material, probably in the late 14th century.
Context: 1463 1515 Total

Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW
FQarg1 1 5 5 1 5
MQ4 1 5 5 1 5
Total 5 31 6 2 6 3 7 37
Pit 1668 contained 4 moderately sized-large sherds, all from fill (1755) (table 13). The pit would
seem to have been filled in the 14th century, with a large sherd of MQ3 and a moderately sized sherd
of MQ4 being present. There are also 2 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware. These may
be residual, or indicate the filling of the pit over a longer period of time, or with redeposited
material. The small assemblage size makes it impossible to determine which interpretation is
correct.
Context: 1755
Ware SC SW ASW
MQ3 1 39 39
MQ4 1 11 11
Total 4 82 21
Several pits contain only very small assemblages, from which it is impossible to make meaningful
interpretations about date or taphonomy. Pit 1556 contained a single fill (1557), which contained a
single small sherd of Wessex Coarseware. Pit 1584 has a single fill (1585), which contained single
small sherds of Chalk Tempered Ware and Wessex Coarseware, which may be residual. Pit 1800
would appear to have been filled in the late 14th century. It contains a small sherd of MQ3 and 2
small sherds of MQ4, these may be redeposited. Fill (1792) of pit 1802 contained 4 moderately sized
sherds of Wessex Coarseware.
Well 1591 contains a series of layers. The uppermost of these consist of a series of capping layers.
The lowest fill which contained pottery is (1743) (table 14). This contained 37 small sherds, including
22 sherds of MQ3, suggesting a 14th century date for the filling of the well. The presence of
fragmentary earlier material suggests that this layer consists of a redeposited dump used to close
the well. Layer (124) has a similar composition in terms of chronology, but MQ4 is most abundant.
Sherds are similarly fragmented, suggesting that the fill is a redeposited dump. Layer (1681)
contained 11, generally small, sherds. These wares are principally of 13th-14th century date, with
sherds of Laverstock-type Ware, Southampton Sandy Ware, Saintonge Whiteware and FQF2 being
present. Earlier types are represented by 3 sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware whilst a single
sherd of MQ4 is also present. The generally small sherd size may suggest that the fill consists of
redeposited material. The reverse stratigraphy present may suggest the filling occurred from a
surface deposit whih had accumulated over some time. Layer (1541) contained 16 sherds which are
generally small (ASW: 9g). These sherds are of Wessex Coarseware and Fine Sandy Ware and as
these pre-date the types present in (1681) it can be suggested that these are part of a redeposited
1621 1622 1625 1629 1541 1681 1724 1743 Total
Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW
Roman 2 25 13 2 25
Flint tempered ware 1 21 21 1 11 11 2 32
Flint and sand tempered ware 3 33 11 1 5 5 4 38
FQ2 1 4 4 1 4
Wessex Coarseware 1 7 7 3 61 20 2 156 78 4 50 13 2 16 8 18 184 10 9 96 11 39 570
Laverstock-type Ware 1 1 1 1 7 7 1 9 9 3 17
Southampton Sandy Ware 2 18 9 1 10 10 3 28
Saintonge Whiteware 2 31 16 2 31
FQF2 1 6 6 1 6
MQ3 8 58 7 22 166 8 30 224
MQ4 1 5 5 1 12 12 38 490 13 1 10 10 41 517
FQarg2 1 12 12 1 12
Late medieval sandy ware 1 4 4 1 5 5 1 3 3 3 12
Misc. Medieval 1 2 2 1 2
Total 2 8 4 2 23 12 4 66 17 5 178 36 16 138 9 11 115 10 69 767 11 37 335 9 146 1630
Table 14: Pottery from Well 1591.
dump of material used to close the well. Layers (1621), (1622), (1625) and (1629) are described in
the archive notes as capping layers. Layer (1629) is a gravel layer, which contained 2 large sherds of
Wessex Coarseware, 2 smaller sherds of Southampton-type Sandy Ware and a single small sherd of
Late Medieval Sandy Ware. Layer (1625) is also a gravel layer. It 3 large sherds of Wessex
Coarseware and a single small sherd of MQ4. Layer (1622) contained a large sherd of Flint Tempered
Ware of mid-late Anglo-Saxon date and a small sherd of unidentified medieval pottery. Layer (1621)
contained 2 small sherds, of Wessex Coarseware and Laverstock-type Ware. From a dating
perspective, the pottery would suggest that the well was sealed in the late-14th century. The
fragmented sherds and wide date range represented demonstrates that the well was closed
principally with redeposited material.
There a series of postholes in Area F. Only one, 1564 contained pottery. Its fill (1567) contained a
small sherd of Late Medieval Sandy Ware, suggesting a late 14th or early 15th century date. In area J,
posthole 1756 contains a single small sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware which is probably
residual.
Layer (1147) is a gravel yard surface, from which some of the intrusive material present in phase 1
layers may have originated. It contained 36 small sherds (ASW: 9g). None of the pottery can be
demonstrated to be residual, although some of the 21 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware could be.
Four small sherds of Laverstock-type Ware, 1 of Southampton-Sandy Ware and 5 larger sherds of
South Hampshire Redware suggest that the surface was in use during the 13th-14th centuries. Four
small sherds of FQarg2 suggest use continued into the latter part of the 14th century, however a
single sherd of Tudor Green, in the absence of other 15th-16th century types, is likely to be intrusive.
The gravel used to form this layer would appear to have been ‘clean’ and the yard surface was not a
major area of waste deposition, with small sherds probably becoming mixed into the gravel
accidentally. The layer can be quite tightly dated to the 13th-14th centuries.
Context: 1147
Ware SC SW ASW
Southampton Sandy Ware 1 7 7
FQarg2 4 19 5
Tudor Green 1 1 1
Total 36 325 9
Feature 1084 is a gulley or ditch, interpreted as a possible property boundary. The location of
context (1595) within this feature is unclear. It contained only 2 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware
(table 16). Layer (1242) contained 10 small sherds. These can all be dated to the 13th-14th centuries
and include sherds of Wessex Coarseware, Laverstock-type Ware, Rouen-type Ware and ARGmq1,
with 2 larger sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware perhaps being intrusive. Layer (1240) is the upper
fill. It contained 18 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware and small sherds of MQ3 and
Verwood, which may be intrusive. The small sherd size and small number of sherds suggests that this
feature was intended to be kept clear of waste, although the upper fill may represent a redeposited
dump of material, used to close this feature.
Laverstock-type Ware 5 32 6 5 32
Rouen-type Ware 1 4 4 1 4
ARGmq1 1 7 7 1 7
MQ3 1 6 6 1 6
Verwood 1 5 5 1 5
Total 20 228 11 10 68 7 2 5 3 32 301
Table 16: The Pottery from Ditch 1084.
Feature 1150 is one of a series of tiled hearths uncovered on the site. Layer (1418) within this hearth
contained a small sherd of unidentified medieval pottery, whilst (1353), an ashy fill, contained a
single, large sherd of Verwood-type, which is intrusive. A single sherd of Wessex Coarseware is
associated with hearth 1234 (from context (1274), the bedding layer) and single large sherd of the
same type is associated with hearth 1534.
Context (1476) is a fill of the undefined feature 1475. It contained 2 small sherds of FQ2. Feature
1775 is also undefined. Its fill (1776) contained 4 small sherds of FQ2, a small sherd of Wessex
Coarseware and a small sherd of MQ3. Context (1788), the fill of feature 1787 contained a
moderately sized sherd of Late Medieval Sandy Ware.
A series of floor layers are present in area F. Layer (1568) contained only 2 small sherds, which could
not be identified. Layer (1615) contained a small sherd of Wessex Coarseware, which may be a
primary waste deposit. Floor layer (1617) contained 2 small, residual, sherds of Roman pottery and 3
small sherds of unidentified medieval types. These may all have been residual in the laying of the
floor, or the medieval wares may be contemporary, primary deposits trodden into the floor. Floor
(1243), in area I, contained 8 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware. These may be a primary deposit,
trodden into the floor.
There are also a number of other undefined layers. Layer (1356) contained 2 small sherds of Wessex
Coarseware and a single small sherd of South Hampshire Redware. Layer (1516) is below this layer. It
contained 38 small sherds, ranging in date from the Saxo-Norman to post medieval period. The
earliest wares are a single sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and 18 sherds of Wessex
Coarseware. Sherds of Laverstock-type Ware, Rouen-type Ware and South Hampshire Redware may
be contemporary with the layer, when the pottery from (1356) is considered. Sherds of FQF2 may
also be contemporary. There are 12 intrusive sherds, of FQarg2, Raeren-type Stoneware and
Verwood-type Ware. Layer (1582) is also below layer (1516). This contained a single intrusive sherd
of MQ4.
Layer (1757) in area J contained 14, generally small, sherds (table 17). These are of mixed date, the
earliest being 4 very small sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, which are likely to be residual.
Seven sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a single sherd of Laverstock-type ware date to the 13th
century, whilst large sherd of MQ4 may indicate a later 14th century date. A single, small sherd of
Tudor Green is probably intrusive.
Context: 1757
Ware SC SW ASW
Flint and sand tempered ware 4 11 3
MQ4 1 64 64
Tudor Green 1 1 1
Total 14 163 12
Layer (1564) contained 8 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware and 8 moderately sized
sherds of South Hampshire Redware. It was probably formed during the 13th century.
Layer (1436) contained a single small sherd of Fine Sandy Ware, which may be residual. Layer (1518)
contained a single small sherd of Roman pottery and 9 small sherds of unidentified medieval
pottery.
Layer (1398) may be slightly later. It contained 3 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware, but also a
sherd of MQ4, giving a terminus post quem of the late 14th century. Layer (1404) underlies layer
(1398). It contained 7 small sherds, of Wessex Coarseware, South Hampshire Redware, MQfe2 and
MQfe3, all datable to the 13th-14th centuries, confirming the late 14th century date for (1398).
The ceramic evidence confirms that deposits assigned to this phase date from the 13 th-15th
centuries. Several features contain intrusive later material demonstrative of later disturbance,
perhaps through activity related to the construction of Osborne House. There are only small
quantities of residual material, perhaps demonstrating that there was little occupation on the site
prior to the 13th century. None of the deposits can be determined to consist purely of secondary
waste, with the majority of features being filled with fragmentary, redeposited material. Some floor
surfaces may include primary waste deposits, sherds trodden into the floor during use.
Phase 2b (14th Century)

Only 224 sherds were recovered from phase 2b features. The most common are sherds of Late
Medieval Sandy Ware, however sherds of Wessex Coarseware are also quite abundant. The sherds
of Wessex Coarseware are much smaller however, demonstrating that these are likely to be residual.
Small sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware are residual, as may be small sherds of 13th-14th
century glazed sandy wares. Other late medieval sandy wares are represented by sherds of MQ3,
MQ4 and FQarg2. The 13 small sherds of FQF2 may also be contemporary with this phase, although
all are possibly redeposited within a single feature. The only intrusive later pottery is a single small
sherd of Porcelain.
Ditch 1673 has a single fill (1637) which contained 12 sherds. These consist of a single small sherd of
Wessex Coarseware, which is residual. Eleven larger sherds (ASW: 20g) of Late Medieval Sandy Ware
are contemporary and date the ditch to the late 14th or early 15th century.
Context: 1637
Ware SC SW ASW
Total 12 220 18
Table 18: Pottery from Ditch 1763.
Layer (1517) is a floor surface. It contained 12, generally small sherds. Six extremely small (ASW: 2g)
sherds of Wessex Coarseware are likely to be residual whilst 4 small sherds (ASW: 7g) of Late
Medieval Sandy Ware may be representative of sherds trodden into the floor during use. This may
also be the case for a larger (22g) sherd of FQarg1, which is probably a 13th-14th century type. A
single sherd of Porcelain is intrusive. This layer is overlain by floor surface (1511) which contained 2
residual sherds of Wessex Coarseware.
Layer (1512) is a gravel layer, which contained 2 sherds of pottery. A small sherd of Laverstock-type
ware may be residual, or demonstrate that the layer was formed in the earlier part of the 14th
century. A larger sherd of MQ4 is likely to be contemporary with the use of the layer, in the late 14 th
century.
Layer (1609) is a levelling layer above the phase 2a well 1591. The layer contains 7 sherds, 5 large
sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a large sherd of Dorset Whiteware. A small sherd of FQfearg1 is
also present. The presence of large sherds of 13th-early 14th century wares suggests that the layer
was formed in the earlier part of this phase, the small sherd of FQfearg1(which is likely to be a late
medieval sandy ware) may be intrusive.
The linear feature 1764 has 4 fills which contain pottery (table 19). The lowest of these (1772)
contained 16 sherds. These consist of a moderately sized sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, 14
sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a single, small, sherd of MQ3. Layer (1771) has a similar
composition although the 4 sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and the 25 sherds of Wessex
Coarseware are smaller than in (1772) and a single moderately sized sherd of FQ4 is present. Layer
(1765) contained 3 sherds; 2 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a moderately sized
sherd of Surrey(?) whiteware. The uppermost fill (1771) contained a single small sherd of MQ3. The
pottery within this feature can be dated to the 11th-13th centuries, however it is possible that it may
be redeposited, whilst sherds of MQ3 do indicate a terminus post quem of the 14th century. These
sherds may be intrusive however. This feature is likely to have been filled with redeposited material,
but it this could have occurred at any point between the 11th and 15th centuries.
Context: 1760 1765 1771 1772 Total

Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW
Surrey(?) Whiteware 1 18 18 1 18
FQ4 1 13 13 1 13
MQ3 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 3
Total 1 2 2 3 41 14 30 297 10 16 172 11 50 512
Table 19: The Pottery from Feature 1764.
Pit 1815 has 2 fills which contain pottery (table 20). The lower fill is (1809). This contained 34 sherds
of moderate size. The earliest sherd is a single fragment of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, whilst 14
sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a single sherd of South Hampshire Redware are present. These
sherds are noticeably smaller than the fragments of later material. These consist of a large sherd of
MQ3, 5 sherds of MQ4 and 12 sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware. The differences in
fragmentation suggest that the earlier sherds may be redeposited, whilst the later sherds may have
entered the pit as a secondary waste deposit. Alternatively they could be intrusive from the recut,
pit 1839. Context (1809) can be interpreted as consisting of a mix of secondary and tertiary waste.
The 43 sherds from layer (1796) are more fragmentary. There are 4 sherds of Flint and Sand
Tempered Ware, 11 sherds of Wessex Coarseware, 13 sherds of FQF2 (all the sherds of this fabric
from this phase), a single sherd of MQ4 and 14 sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware. In contrast to
(1809), most of the pottery from (1796) is likely to be redeposited. The filling of pit 1815 likely
occurred in the 14th century, and this consisted of the dumping of a mixture of tertiary and
secondary waste deposits. Given that the sherds of FQF2 are potentially redeposited, a 13th century
date may still be appropriate for this type.

FQF2 13 100 8 13 100
MQ3 1 24 24 1 24
MQ4 1 14 14 5 71 14 6 85
Late medieval sandy ware 14 141 10 12 150 13 26 291
Total 43 346 8 34 401 12 77 747
Two fills of pit 1839, which is a recut of pit 1815, contained pottery (table 21). The lower of these is
(1818). This contained 4 small sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware and 3 large sherds of Wessex
Coarseware. Layer (1795) contained 54 sherds, larger in size and consisting only of 14th century types
MQ4 and Late Medieval Sandy Ware. The pottery suggests that the pit may have been filled over
some time, with the lower fill perhaps being 13th century in date, whilst the upper fills date to the
14th century. The pit is a recut, of pit 1815 and the earlier Wessex Coarseware sherds in (1818) may
relate to the fill of this pit. Considered together we can suggest that pit 1815 dates to the 13 th-14th
century and was filled with a mixture of tertiary and secondary waste. This was then recut by pit
1839, which was filled, perhaps with secondary waste, in the late 14th century.

Wessex Coarseware 3 63 21 3 63
MQ4 13 169 13 13 169
Total 54 980 18 7 100 14 61 1080
A single posthole from this phase, feature 1672, contained pottery. This consists of a single small
sherd of Late Medieval Organic Tempered Ware, from context (1636).
The larger sherd size of some 14th century types in features of this date suggests that some
secondary waste deposition occurred within this phase. This material is nearly always present with
fragmented earlier material however, which is likely to be redeposited. Therefore the general
pattern of waste deposition in this phase seems to be a mixture of tertiary and secondary waste
deposits. Very little pottery was recovered from layers and some of this is likely to be primary waste,
trodden into floor or yard surfaces. There are noticeable differences in the level of fragmentation of
14th century sherds and earlier sherds, which indicates that it is correct to consider these deposits as
being of 14th century date.
Phase 2c (15th Century)

A total of 612 sherds were recovered from phase 2c features. The most abundant are Late Medieval
Sandy Ware sherds (194 sherds) and there are also 87 sherds of MQ4. Sherds of later Post Medieval
Sandy Wares, Verwood and Post Medieval Redware are present along with large sherds of FQarg2
and MQ3. Whilst earlier types, particularly Wessex Coarseware, are present, sherds are generally
smaller suggesting most are residual or redeposited.
A single pit, 1652 is dated to this phase. Two fills, (1779) and (1713), contained 254 sherds, weighing
4.9kg, between them (table 22). The lower fill is (1779), which contained 37 of these sherds. Single,
small, sherds of Wessex Coarseware and Laverstock-type ware are probably residual. The bulk of
sherds are of 14th century date, consisting of 10 sherds of MQ4 and 23 sherds of Late Medieval
Sandy Ware. A large sherd of FQarg3 is also likely to be contemporary with these wares. A single
small sherd of Tudor Green is also present, dateable to the mid-late 15th century. It is likely that the
late 14th century sandy wares also continued in use into the 15th century. The bulk of the pottery
came from fill (1779). There are a number of small, earlier, sherds which are probably residual.
These consist of sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, Chalk Tempered Ware, Wessex
Coarseware, Laverstock-type Ware and South Hampshire Redware. Sherds of later types are
noticeably larger. Eight sherds of MQ3, 35 sherds of MQ4, 3 sherds of FQarg2 and a single sherd of
Late Medieval Organic Tempered Ware probably date to the late 14th or early 15th century. There are
also 69 large sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware, contemporary with these sherds. The date of the
layer is pushed later into the 15th century by 32 large sherds of Post Medieval Sandy Ware and
smaller sherds of Tudor Green and Siegberg Stoneware. A further 26 sherds of Verwood-type and 2
sherds of Post Medieval Redware may push the date of the deposit into the 16th century, or be
intrusive. The large sherd size suggests that the pit was filled with a secondary, rather than tertiary,
waste deposit.
1596 1666 1679 1690 1693 1694 1696 1703 1736
SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC
1 5 5
1 10 10
1 8 8
1 4 4 16 235 15 2 32 16 101 910 9 2 6 3 1
4 11 3
2 10 5
1 6 6 1 5 5 1 14 14
1 39 39
1 8 8
1 4 4 1 2 2
11 264 24 1 5 5 1 12 12 19 128 7 3 30 10
3 31 10 3 51 17 3 91 30 2 26 13
andy ware 1 2 2
16 270 17 7 118 17 10 83 8 4 42 11 5 79 16 52 962 19
3 37 12
1 11 11
1 2 2 4 24 6
8 77 10 32 560 18 17 276 16 10 130 13 12 99 8 8 84 11 140 1277 9 4 32 8 57 1042 18 3
Table 23: The Pottery from Well 1689.
Laverstock-type Ware 3 14 5 1 3 3 4 17
FQarg3 1 41 41 1 41
MQ3 8 287 36 8 287
MQ4 35 478 14 10 151 15 45 629
FQarg2 3 133 44 3 133
ware 1 23 23 1 23
Siegberg Stoneware 1 5 5 1 5
Tudor Green 7 15 2 1 2 2 8 17
Post Medieval Sandy Ware 32 1069 33 32 1069
Verwood 26 349 13 26 349
Total 217 4135 19 37 794 21 254 4929
Most of the pottery from this phase comes from a single feature, well 1689 (table 23). Ten fills of this
well contained pottery. The lowest of these, (1737), contained 31 sherds. These include a mix of 14 th
century types (MQ4, FQarg2 and Late Medieval Sandy Ware) and earlier material (FQ2 and Wessex
Coarseware). It is possible that the earlier sherds are residual. The next layer is (1736), a gravel layer.
This contained 57 sherds, 52 of which are large sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware. A single small
sherd of Post Medieval Sandy Ware, 3 sherds of MQ4 and a large sherd of FQF2 are also present. The
gravel may be a layer dumped into the well during closing. This would appear to have been dumped
along with some small, redeposited, sherds as well as secondary waste. Layer (1737) may also
consist of residual material dumped during this process. Layer (1703) is a charcoal fill, perhaps
representing the dumping of a hearth lining into the well during closing. This contained 2 small
sherds of Wessex Coarseware and 2 moderately sized sherds of FQarg2. Layer (1696) contained a
higher quantity of pottery, 140 sherds. The majority of this is redeposited, consisting of earlier types
such as Wessex Coarseware, Laverstock-type Ware, South Hampshire Redware and Dorset Red
Painted Ware. The presence of Dorset Red Painted Ware, also present in other features of this date,
may indicate redeposition into features from a single source. The material contemporary with the
filling of the well is also fairly fragmentary, consisting of 19 small sherds of MQ4 although larger
sherds of FQarg2 and Late Medieval Sandy Ware are also present. Four sherds of Verwood-type may
be intrusive. Layer (1694) probably also consists of redeposited (tertiary) waste. Only 2 sherds of
earlier Wessex Coarseware are present, along with the late medieval types MQfe2, MQ3 and Late
Medieval Organic Tempered Ware. The absence of earlier material in layers (1693) may indicate
redeposition from a different source. This layer consists of 10 sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware
and single sherds of MQ3 and MQ4. Layers (1679) and (1690) however are likely to be from the
same source as layer (1696) as they also contain sherds of Dorset Red Painted Ware, along with
sherds of later medieval types. Layer (1666) is another charcoal layer. This contained 32 sherds,
including 16 moderately sized sherds of Wessex Coarseware, a single sherd of FQ2, 11 sherds of
MQ4, 3 sherds of FQarg2 and a single small sherd of Verwood-type. The upper fill is (1596). This
contained a single small sherd of Roman pottery and small sherds of Wessex Coarseware, FQarg2
and unidentified sherds of medieval date. The well was clearly filled with redeposited material from
several sources, including hearths and, perhaps, the gravel yard surface. The presence of Dorset Red
Painted Ware, otherwise rare on the site, in several fills, suggests that some layers were derived
from a common source. The presence of some intrusive material is demonstrative of some post-
depositional disturbance. It can be demonstrated however that this well was filled with, principally,
tertiary material from various surface deposits in the late 14th or early 15th century. A small quantity
of contemporary, secondary waste, may also have been dumped into the well, in layers (1736) and
(1696).
Layer (1589) is a charcoal layer. It contained 10 sherds, all fragmentary and of mixed date (table 24).
The earliest sherd is a large fragment of FQ2. There are single, small, sherds of Laverstock-type
Ware, Local Whiteware, MQ4, Late Medieval Sandy Ware and Tudor Green, with 4 sherds of
Verwood which are likely to be intrusive. Some of the material is clearly residual/intrusive,
demonstrating that the layer has been quite heavily disturbed.
Context: 1589
Ware SC SW ASW
FQ2 1 19 19
MQ4 1 6 6
Tudor Green 1 1 1
Verwood 4 30 8
Total 10 76 8
The fill of the undefined feature 1747, (1748) is also very mixed (table 25). A small sherd of Dorset
Red Painted Ware is probably residual, whilst a small sherd of Staffordshire White Salt Glazed
Stoneware and 6 moderately sized sherds of Verwood are probably intrusive. This leaves 5 large
sherds of FQarg2 and 2 exceptionally large sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware as being
contemporary with the filling of the feature. The large size of these sherds suggests that the feature
was filled with a secondary waste deposit.
Context: 1748
Ware SC SW ASW
Dorset Red Painted Ware 1 7 7
FQarg2 5 113 23
Verwood 6 85 14
Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 1 3 3
Total 15 323 22
Table 25: Pottery from Feature 1747.
Two posthole are present in this phase. The fill (1345) of posthole 1441 contained a small sherd of
Wessex Coarseware, which is probably residual. The fill of posthole 1481, (1480), also contained a
single small sherd of Wessex Coarseware.
Further features contained only small quantities of pottery. Layer (1137) contained 10 sherds. Eight
small sherds of Wessex Coarseware are probably residual whilst a moderately sized sherd of Late
Medieval Sandy Ware may be contemporary with the layer, a s may a single sherd of Tudor Green.
The beam slot 1215 contained 2 small sherds of Tudor Green, placing the filling towards the latter
end of the phase.
This phase saw a continuation in the trend of depositing secondary, rather than tertiary, deposits
into pits. The well 1689 contained most pottery however and this was mostly filled with redeposited
pottery from several sources. Layers generally consist of a mix of material, probably having been
disturbed by later activity, or having disturbed earlier material in their formation.
PHASE 3 (16TH-17TH CENTURIES)

A total of 122 sherds were recovered from features of phases 3a and 3b, with most (107 sherds)
coming from the phase 3a deposits, which date to the 16th century (table 26). The most common
ware in this phase is Verwood-type ware, although Surrey types are also represented through sherds
of Border Ware and Tudor Green. All of the pottery in phase 3b deposits pre-dates the 16th century
and is probably residual.
Phase: 3a 3b Total
Roman 1 4 4 1 4
FMQ2 1 4 4 1 4
Saxo-Norman Organic Tempered 1 5 5 1 5
FQ2 4 73 18 1 6 6 5 79
Dorset Red Painted Ware 1 7 7 1 7
FQarg1 2 45 23 2 45
MQfe2 1 2 2 1 2
MQ3 1 133 133 1 133
MQ4 8 91 11 3 41 14 11 132
FQ14 10 128 13 10 128
FQarg2 3 91 30 3 91
Border Ware 1 12 12 1 12
Tudor Green 12 25 2 12 25
Verwood 35 503 14 35 503
Refined Earthenware 1 1 1 1 1
Unid 1 12 12 1 12
Total 107 1276 12 15 176 12 122 1452
Table 26: The Pottery from Phase 3 Deposits.
Phase 3a (16th Century)

As mentioned above, sherds of Verwood-type ware are most common in this phase. Other
contemporary types consist of sherds of Post Medieval Redware, Border Ware, Tudor Green,
Siegberg Stoneware and, potentially, some of the later-post medieval sandy wares. There are sherds
of earlier types present which are residual in features of this date.
Context: 1051 1326 1410 1412 1542 Total
Ware SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW ASW SC SW
Fine sandy ware 2 3 2 2 6 3 4 9
FQarg2 1 32 32 1 32
Tudor Green 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 4 6
Verwood 1 5 5 1 5
Total 1 12 12 2 2 1 5 10 2 3 9 3 1 32 32 12 65
Table 27: Pottery from the Metalled Surface.
A major feature in this phase is a metalled surface which is present in several areas of the site. In all,
only 12 sherds were recovered from this surface (table 27). Four sherds of Fine Sandy Ware are
probably residual and the same is probably true of the large sherd of FQarg2. Small sherds of
contemporary types; Border Ware and Tudor Green, may have been incorporated into the layer
during its construction or use. The same may be true of the single sherd of Verwood-type, although
a sherd of Refined Earthenware is definitely intrusive. None of this pottery can be demonstrated to
have been dumped during the construction of this layer and all sherds probably became associated
with the layer accidentally.
Several other layers are present in this phase. Layer (1197) contained 13 sherds (table 28). These
include 10 moderately sized sherds of FQ14, probably of 14th-15th century date and small sherds of
MQfe2, Tudor Green and Verwood. Whilst the Verwood and Tudor Green may be contemporary
with the deposit, the other wares are likely to be residual. Layer (1424) contained 2 small sherds of
Late Medieval Sandy Ware.
Context: 1197
Ware SC SW ASW
MQfe2 1 2 2
FQ14 10 128 13
Tudor Green 1 1 1
Verwood 1 8 8
Total 13 139 11
Layers (1315) and (1316) are stratigraphically associated, with (1315) overlying (1316). Layer (1315)
contained a single sherd of Dorset Red Painted Ware. Layer (1316) contained 8 sherds (table 29). A
sherd of Wessex Coarseware is residual, but 2 sherds of Tudor Green, 4 sherds of Verwood-type and
a sherd of Post Medieval Redware, are all likely to be contemporary with the creation of this layer,
possibly in the late 16th, or early 17th, century.

Dorset Red Painted
Ware 1 7 7 1 7
Verwood 4 7 2 4 7
Total 1 7 7 8 26 3 9 33
Table 29: The Pottery from Layers 1315 and 1316.
Layer (1216) is a floor layer, which overlies many of the phase 2c features. It contained only 2 sherds
of pottery, which date it to the late 15th or early 16th century. These are a large sherd of Late
Medieval Sandy Ware and a small sherd of Tudor Green.
Two pits in this phase contained pottery. The first of the is pit 1645. The lowest layer with pottery is
(1712) which only contains a single, residual, sherd of South Hampshire Redware (table 30). Layer
(1706) also contains residual sherds, 3 small sherds of Wessex Coarseware. A large sherd of MQ3 is
likely to be a secondary waste deposit, possibly dated to the 15th, rather than 16th century. The pit is
sealed by gravel layer (1705). This contained 4 small sherds which are likely to be redeposited within
the gravel. These consist of small sherds of Wessex Coarseware, Late Medieval Sandy Ware and
Verwood-type Ware. The small quantity of pottery from this pit makes it difficult to understand how
it was filled, but the majority of sherds would appear to be residual/redeposited.

South Hampshire
Redware 1 8 8 1 8
MQ3 1 133 133 1 133
Late medieval sandy
ware 1 12 12 1 12
Verwood 2 6 3 2 6
Total 4 23 6 4 160 40 1 8 8 9 191
The pottery from the fills of pit 1789 are also fairly fragmentary (table 31). The lowest is (1820). This
contained 4 small sherds, of Late Medieval Sandy Ware, Tudor Green and Verwood-type Ware. The
next fill (1812) is different in character, with 5 large sherds of Verwood-type being present, along
with moderately sized sherds of FQ2 and Wessex Coarseware. These earlier wares are either residual
or redeposited, the larger Verwood-type sherds may be a secondary waste deposit. Layer (1810) is
similar, containing a large sherd of Verwood-type and 2 smaller sherds of Late Medieval Sandy Ware,
which may be residual. The pottery in the upper fill is much more mixed and fragmented, it may be
derived from a later layer. It contains 20 sherds of Verwood-type, 2 sherds of Post Medieval
Redware, 2 sherds of Tudor Green, a sherd of Siegberg Stoneware, along with sherds of MQ4, Late
Medieval Sandy Ware and Verwood-type Ware. Whilst the pit would appear to have been filled with
contemporary, secondary waste, the pit was either closed with redeposited material, or the upper
layer is later and slumped into the pit.
Context: 1790 1810 1812 1820 Total

FQ2 1 15 15 1 15
MQ4 8 91 11 8 91
Late medieval sandy
ware 2 7 4 2 23 12 1 4 4 5 34
Tudor Green 2 1 1 2 2 1 4 3
Verwood 20 266 13 1 68 68 5 132 26 1 11 11 27 477
Total 36 400 11 3 91 30 7 159 23 4 17 4 50 667
One posthole in this phase contained pottery, feature 1646. Its fill (1704) contained a small sherd of
Saxo-Norman Organic Tempered Ware, 2 larger sherds of FQ2 and a small sherd of Wessex
Coarseware. All are likely to be redeposited or residual. The undefined feature 1427 also contained
residual pottery, in the form of a small sherd of Wessex Coarseware and 2 larger sherds of FQarg2.
Based on these sherds it would be appropriate to date this feature to the 14th/15th rather than 16th
century.
The tiled hearth 1182 had residual sherds of FQ2 and Wessex Coarseware associated with it, whilst
the bedding layer (1337) contained a single residual sherd of Roman pottery.
Very few features date to this phase and the 2 pits appear to have different depostional histories,
one having been filled with redeposited material and one with secondary waste. Several of the
layers contain a mixture of contemporary and residual material. Feature 1427 may be earlier,
perhaps 14th/15th century in date whilst the presence of Verwood-type wares in most of these
deposits would push their dating to the latter part of the 16th century, if not into the 17th century.
Phase 3b (16th-17th Century)

All of the 15 sherds recovered from phase 3b deposits came from layers (table 32). Layer (1281) is a
burnt layer which only contained residual pottery, sherds of Southampton-type Sandy Ware, MQ4
and Late Medieval Sandy Ware. Layers (1377) and (1504) are levelling layers, which also only contain
earlier material. Layer (1377) contained 2 sherds of FQarg2 whilst layer (1504) contained a range of
fragmented sherds. The types present include Flint and Sand Tempered Ware (FMQ2), FQ2, Wessex
Coarseware, MQ4 and Late Medieval Sandy Ware. The absence of 17th century types means that on
ceramic grounds it is not appropriate to separate phases 3a and 3b, however phase 3b does seem to
represent a discrete phase of levelling activity on the site.

FMQ2 1 4 4 1 4
FQ2 1 6 6 1 6
FQarg1 2 45 23 2 45
MQ4 2 33 17 1 8 8 3 41
Unid 1 12 12 1 12
Total 5 52 10 2 45 23 8 79 10 15 176
Table 32: The Pottery from Phase 3b Deposits.
PHASE 4 (17TH -18TH CENTURY)

Most of the pottery from phase 4 deposits was recovered from layers and structural features. Many
of these deposits are likely to have disturbed earlier features, based on the large quantity of residual
material present (table 33). Seventeenth-eighteenth century types are present however, including
sherds of Verwood, Post Medieval Sandy Ware and Post Medieval Redware. Sherds of Tudor Green
and Coarse Border Ware may date to the earliest part of the phase. Other 17th-18th century types
include Raeren-type Stoneware, Tin Glazed Ware, Creamware and Porcelain. Sherds of English
Stoneware and modern flower pot are probably intrusive.
We can deal first with the layers. Layer (1279) is a burnt layer. It contained 3 sherds, one of which, of
Post Medieval Redware, is probably contemporary with the deposit. Sherds of Rouen-type ware and
ARGmq1 are residual. Layer (1371) is also a burnt layer. The residual material within this layer
consists of a sherd of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, 15 sherds of Wessex Coarseware and a sherd
of Late Medieval Sandy Ware. Sherds of Verwood and Creamware may be contemporary with the
layer and suggest a mid-18th century date, however these could be intrusive.
%ge %ge
Ware SC SC SW SW ASW
Flint and sand tempered ware (Newbury type) 1 0% 3 0% 3
Fine sandy ware 1 0% 2 0% 2
Local Pink Sandy Ware 1 0% 11 1% 11
Local Whiteware 1 0% 15 1% 15
Southampton Sandy Ware 1 0% 2 0% 2
Rouen-type Ware 1 0% 1 0% 1
ARGmq1 1 0% 5 0% 5
FQF3 2 1% 37 2% 19
MQ3 6 2% 49 3% 8
FQfe3 1 0% 2 0% 2
FQarg2 4 2% 20 1% 5
Late medieval organic tempered sandy ware 1 0% 50 3% 50
Raeren-type Stoneware 60 25% 24 1% 0
Coarse Border Ware 1 0% 11 1% 11
Post Medieval Sandy Ware 11 5% 130 7% 12
Verwood 78 32% 955 50% 12
Tin Glazed Ware 1 0% 1 0% 1
Creamware 2 1% 14 1% 7
Porcelain 3 1% 1 0% 0
English Stoneware 3 1% 35 2% 12
Flower Pot 2 1% 31 2% 16
Unid 4 2% 124 6% 31
Total 244 1926 8
Table 33: The Pottery from Phase 4 Deposits.
Layer (1376) is a chalk layer. It contained 2 small sherds of Verwood-type, likely to be contemporary
with its formation. Layer (1183) contains a relatively tightly datable group (table 34). The earliest
sherds, which may be residual, are 4 small fragments of Tudor Green. Sherds of Verwood, Tin Glazed
Ware, Creamware and Porcelain can all be dated to the 18th century.
Context: 1183
Ware SC SW ASW
Tudor Green 4 3 1
Verwood 2 10 5
Tin Glazed Ware 1 1 1
Creamware 1 10 10
Porcelain 3 1 0
Total 11 25 2
Layer (1265) contained 4 small sherds, all likely to be residual. These consist of single sherds of Flint
and Sand Tempered Ware, Wessex Coarseware, FQfe3 and Coarse Border Ware. Layer (1378) has a
similar composition, however there are several small sherds of Raeren-type stoneware present.
Context (1653), a fill of pit 1734 contained a single sherd of Laverstock-type ware, which is probably
residual. Three postholes from this phase contained pottery. Posthole 1198 contained a single large
sherd of Verwood in context (1200), which may be contemporary with the filling of the feature.
Posthole 1447 contained a small, residual sherd of Wessex Coarseware, whilst contained a small
sherd of Tudor Green and a larger sherd of Verwood-type Ware, which are likely to be contemporary
with the deposit.
Five sherds are associated with the Tile Hearth 1581. These consist of 3 large sherds of Verwood-
type and 2 moderately sized sherds from flower pots. A single, small, residual sherd of Wessex
Coarseware is associated with Tile Hearth 1586.

Verwood 5 103 21 5 103
Total 8 115 14 3 14 5 11 129
Table 35: Pottery from Trench 1440.
Two trenches may be associated with gardening activity. Two layers within context 1440 contained
pottery (table 35). Context (1444) contained 3 residual sherds, of Fine Sandy Ware and Wessex
Coarseware. Layer (1439) also contained 3 small, residual sherds of Wessex Coarseware, along with
5 larger sherds of Verwood-type, likely to be contemporary with the deposit. Three fills within
trench 1553 contained pottery. Layer (1607) contained 3 sherds. These are small, fragmentary pieces
of MQ3 and Southampton-type Sandy Ware, all likely to be residual. Most of the pottery (42 sherds)
came from (1540). A sherd of English Stoneware and 25 sherds of Verwood-type are likely to be
contemporary with the deposit, whilst smaller sherds of Post Medieval Sandy Ware, Tudor Green
and various medieval sandy wares are probably residual. Context (1503) contained 5 small sherds of
Verwood-type, which are probably redeposited. Both trenches are filled with redeposited material,
however a small quantity of sherds if trench 1440 may represent some secondary waste mixed with
these tertiary deposits.

MQ3 1 6 6 2 11 6 3 17
Verwood 5 14 3 25 326 13 30 340
English Stoneware 1 15 15 1 15
Total 5 14 3 42 497 12 3 13 4 50 524
The fills of well 1331 contained 64 sherds, principally of medieval date (table 37). The lowest fill with
pottery is (1454). It contains 20 sherds, 9 of which are likely to be residual, consisting of small
fragments of Wessex Coarseware, Laverstock-type Ware MQ3 and Tudor Green. Eleven sherds of
Post Medieval Sandy Ware are also present, however these are also very small (ASW: 8g). All of this
material is likely to have been redeposited. Layer (1388) would also appear to be a dump of
redeposited material. There are 14 small sherds, consisting of residual fragments of Wessex
Coarseware, medieval glazed sandy wares, FQarg2 and Tudor Green. Layer (1344) is very different in
nature. Two small sherds of Wessex Coarseware are residual, however there are large sherds of Post
Medieval Sandy Ware and Verwood-type Ware, which may be a secondary waste deposit. The upper
fill is (1332). The material from this layer is mixed and fragmentary, suggestive of this being a
redeposited layer. The only sherds likely to be contemporary with the formation of the layer are 16
moderately sized sherds of Verwood-type.
The bulk of the pottery from Phase 4 features is redeposited, either being residual earlier material or
being fragmentary, contemporary sherds. Small quantities of secondary waste are present in some
features, but these have generally been mixed with tertiary waste deposits. This is likely to be due to
the nature of these deposits, principally being structural features and layers.
Context: 1332 1344 1388 1454 Total
Wessex Coarseware 1 20 20 2 15 8 1 3 3 4 23 6 8 61
Laverstock-type Ware 1 11 11 1 1 1 2 9 5 4 21
Local Pink Sandy Ware 1 11 11 1 11
FQF3 2 37 19 2 37
MQ3 1 29 29 2 3 2 3 32
FQarg2 2 8 4 2 8
Late medieval organic tempered sandy ware 1 50 50 1 50
Tudor Green 1 4 4 6 18 3 1 1 1 8 23
Verwood 16 208 13 1 10 10 11 90 8 28 308
Unid 3 117 39 1 7 7 4 124
Total 23 342 15 7 200 29 14 85 6 20 126 6 64 753
Table 37: Pottery from Well 1331.
PHASE 5 (18TH CENTURY)
Around half of the pottery from phase 5 features is of Verwood type (table 38). Other types
contemporary with the phase include Post Medieval Redware, Post Medieval Brown Glazed Ware
(Alderholt type?), 5 sherds of Tin Glazed Ware, 29 sherds of Creamware and sherds of Porcelain,
White Salt Glazed Stoneware and Pearlware. Some other post-medieval types of 16th-17th century
date are also present in these deposits, including sherds of Post Medieval Sandy Ware, Border Ware,
Tudor Green and Frechen and Raeren-type stonewares. These are all potentially residual. Sherds of
medieval types are generally small and are all residual.
%ge %ge
Ware SC SC SW SW ASW
South Hampshire Redware 2 1% 31 1% 16
FQ4 1 0% 10 0% 10
MQfe2 3 1% 51 2% 17
MQ3 1 0% 3 0% 3
MQ4 1 0% 6 0% 6
Raeren-type Stoneware 1 0% 4 0% 4
Frechen-type Stoneware 1 0% 13 0% 13
Border Ware 3 1% 65 2% 22
Coarse Border Ware 1 0% 17 1% 17
Post Medieval Sandy Ware 16 7% 272 9% 17
Verwood 103 44% 1716 54% 17
Post Medieval Brown Glazed 2 1% 13 0% 7
Tin Glazed Ware 5 2% 34 1% 7
Creamware 29 12% 65 2% 2
Pearlware 1 0% 2 0% 2
Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 1 0% 9 0% 9
Porcelain 3 1% 11 0% 4
Refined Earthenware 10 4% 75 2% 8
English Stoneware 5 2% 53 2% 11
Flower Pot 1 0% 2 0% 2
Total 233 3162 14
Layer (1325) is an ashy deposit. It contained 3 large sherds of Verwood-type and 6 small sherds of
refined earthenware. The Verwood may be contemporary with the deposit, but the Refined
Earthenware is likely to be intrusive.
Layer (1153) contained 5 moderately sized sherd of 18th-19th century date. These consist of
fragments of Verwood-type, Refined Earthenware and English Stoneware. All are likely to be
contemporary with the formation of the layer.
Layer (1213) contains a more mixed assemblage. Sherds of Border Ware and Coarse Border Ware
may be residual, whilst 16 sherds of Post Medieval Sandy Ware and 2 sherds of Tin Glazed Wares are
likely to be contemporary with the formation of the deposit.
Layer (1372) contained a single, small sherd of Wessex Coarseware, which is residual. All of the
pottery from layer (1446) is residual. It consists of sherds of Wessex Coarseware, Laverstock-type
Ware, FQ4 and MQ3.
Layer (1303) is a rubble layer. It contained 25 small sherds of Verwood-type Ware which may be
contemporary with the deposit. There is also residual material present, consisting of sherds of
Wessex Coarseware, Late Medieval Coarseware, Raeren-type Stoneware and Tudor Green.
Undefined feature 1425 contained 4 sherds, all of which may be contemporary with the deposit
(table 39). These consist of 2 moderately sized sherds of Verwood-type and small sherds of Tin
Glazed Ware and English Stoneware.
Context: 1423
Ware SC SW ASW
Verwood 2 25 13
English Stoneware 1 4 4
Total 4 30 8
Feature 1063 is flint lined. Layer (1334) is the foundation layer. It contained 4 small sherds of
Verwood-type and 2 small sherds of Tin Glazed Ware, likely to be redeposited (table 40). The fill
(1175) contained 13 larger sherds of Verwood-type, which may be a secondary waste deposit.

Verwood 13 307 24 4 37 9 17 344
Tin Glazed Ware 2 1 1 2 1
Total 13 307 24 6 38 6 19 345
The hearth 1201 contained 14 large sherds, (table 41) all of which are probably contemporary with
the hearth. These consist of Border Ware, Verwood-type Ware, Post Medieval Redware, Creamware
and English Stoneware.
Context: 1203
Ware SC SW ASW
Border Ware 2 63 32
Verwood 9 451 50
Post Medieval Redware 1 73 73
Creamware 1 18 18
Total 14 623 45
Table 41: Pottery from Hearth 1201.
Feature 1665 is a linear cut. The fill (1735) contained 24 small sherds of pottery, many of which are
likely to be residual (table 42). Sherds of Verwood-type Ware, Post Medieval Redware, Creamware
and English Stoneware may be contemporary with the filling of the feature; a small sherd of Refined
Earthenware may be intrusive. Sherds of Wessex Coarseware, South Hampshire Redware and Tudor
Green are residual. The feature is likely to have been filled with redeposited material.
Context: 1735
Ware SC SW ASW
Tudor Green 1 1 1
Verwood 9 69 8
Creamware 5 15 3
Total 24 213 9
Table 42: Pottery from Linear Feature 1665.
Three pits have been dated to this phase. The first, pit 1283, contained 32 sherds (table 43). The 4
small sherds from (1296) are residual. Small, residual sherds of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware, MQ4
and Late Medieval Sandy Ware are also present in (1262). There are larger, contemporary sherds of
Verwood-type, Post Medieval Redware and Frechen-type Stoneware. These may represent a
secondary waste deposit, mixed with residual, redeposited, earlier pottery.

MQ4 1 6 6 1 6
Frechen-type Stoneware 1 13 13 1 13
Verwood 10 135 14 10 135
Total 28 550 20 4 29 7 32 579
All of the pottery from pit 1674 is likely to be redeposited (table 44). Layer (1733) is the lowest layer
with pottery, it contained a single large sherd of Post Medieval Redware. Layer (1638) contained 10
fragmentary sherds, including residual fragments of Flint and Sand Tempered Ware and Late
Medieval Sandy Ware. Sherds of Verwood-type, Post Medieval Redware, Post Medieval Brown
Glazed Ware, Creamware and Porcelain are all likely to be contemporary with the deposit, but may
still be redeposited. Pit 1805 contained only a single sherd of Wessex Coarseware.

Verwood 5 39 8 5 39
Post Medieval Brown Glazed 1 9 9 1 9
Creamware 1 2 2 1 2
Porcelain 1 4 4 1 4
Total 10 63 6 1 32 32 11 95
Posthole 1304 contained 4 sherds, a small sherd of Verwood-type and 3 moderately sized sherds of
MQfe2. All is likely to be redeposited. Posthole 1306 contained a single, residual sherd of Late
Medieval Sandy Ware. In contrast, posthole 1587 contained 2 large sherds, of Post Medieval
Redware and Verwood-type Ware. These are likely to be post packing. Posthole 1656 contained 5
small sherds which are likely to be redeposited, but contemporary with the feature. These consist of
Verwood-type Ware, Creamware, White Salt Glazed Stoneware and Porcelain. Posthole 1722
contained a single small sherd of Pearlware. Posthole 1723 contained small sherds of Post Medieval
Brown Glazed Ware and Flower Pot.
Feature 1093 is a sump in the cellar floor. Fifteen small sherds of Verwood-type Ware and 21 small
sherds of Creamware were present in context (1112), whilst context (1111) contained a small sherd
of Porcelain and larger sherds of Verwood-type Ware and Refined Earthenware.
As with phase 4, most of the pottery from phase 5 features is redeposited, with a quantity of
residual material present in most deposits. Where pottery contemporary with the phase is present,
sherds are generally fragmented, suggesting redeposition.
PHASE 6 (19TH CENTURY)
Most of the pottery from Phase 6 deposits came from phase 6A (table 45). Pottery from this phase
consists principally of Verwood-type Wares with smaller quantities of industrial produced types.
There is also a fairly high quantity of earlier, residual material present. Only 29 sherds were
recovered from Phase 6B features, consisting of Verwood-type Ware, Tin Glazed Ware, Creamware,
Industrial Slipware and English Stoneware. Five sherds were recovered from phase 6C features,
consisting of Westerwald-type Stoneware, Post Medieval Sandy Ware and Tin Glazed Ware. Only the
pottery from phase 6A deposits will be discussed below.
Phase: 6A 6B 6C Total
MQ3 1 18 18 1 18
MQ4 1 6 6 1 6
FQarg2 2 12 6 2 12
MQffe1 1 11 11 1 11
Iberian calcareous redware 1 13 13 1 13
Iberian Micaceous Redware 1 8 8 1 8
Raeren-type Stoneware 3 44 15 3 44
Frechen-type Stoneware 3 31 10 3 31
Westerwald Stoneware 2 26 13 1 52 52 3 78
Tudor Green 9 21 2 1 3 3 10 24
Verwood 119 2462 21 14 225 16 133 2687
Bristol-Staffordshire Slipware 1 12 12 1 12
Tin Glazed Ware 18 132 7 4 40 10 3 44 15 25 216
Creamware 19 179 9 4 15 4 23 194
Black Basalte 3 26 9 3 26
Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 5 42 8 5 42
Scratch Blue 1 2 2 1 2
Industrial Slipware 1 2 2 1 2
Porcelain 6 86 14 6 86
English Stoneware 10 195 20 2 15 8 12 210
Flower Pot 2 8 4 2 8
Unid 2 3 2 1 3 3 3 6
Total 309 5000 16 29 326 11 5 99 20 343 5425
Phase 6A (1808-1815)
The main features present in this phase are related to Osborne House. Two cellars are present.
Feature 1093, a sump in one of these has a single context (1101), dated to this phase. It contained a
single sherd of Black Basalt Ware.
The fill of cellar 1184, (1182), contained 4 moderately sized sherds, of Westerwald-type Stoneware,
White Salt Glazed Stoneware and English Stoneware. Cellar 1829 contained only 3 residual sherds of
Border Ware. The fills of both cellars are likely to consist of redeposited spoil.
A single pit is present in this phase, feature 1243. Context (1244) within it contained 2 sherds of
Border Ware with a sherd of Verwood-type Ware and one of Refined Earthenware. All are very small
and likely to be redeposited.
Fill (1630) of well 1667 contained 32 sherds. Twenty-three sherds of Verwood-type and sherds of
Creamware and English Stoneware may be contemporary with the deposit, but a sherd of Bristol-
Staffordshire type Slipware is of 17th-18th century date. It is probable that the well was filled with
redeposited spoil, which included some contemporary waste.
Feature 1211 is a drain. Residual sherds of Wessex Coarseware and Late Medieval Sandy Ware, as
well as 2 small sherds of Refined Earthenware were associated with it.
A number of foundation trenches are present, associated with the walls of Osborne House. The fills
of trench 1007 contained 32 sherds (table 46). Context (1212) contained a single residual sherd of
Raeren-type Stoneware. Thirty-one sherds were recovered from context (1253). Residual sherds are
present in the form of Wessex Coarseware. Sherds of Verwood-type Ware, Post Medieval Redware,
Tin Glazed Ware, Refined Earthenware and English Stoneware may all be contemporary with the
construction phase, however the relatively small sherd size suggests that the material was
redeposited into these trenches from elsewhere.

Verwood 11 219 20 11 219
Total 1 20 20 31 380 12 32 400
Trench 1024 only contained 2 sherds, 1 of Post Medieval Redware and 5 of Creamware (table 47).
The sherds a re relatively large and may represent secondary waste used as packing. Trench 1042
contained a wider range of pottery. Context (1042) contained a large, but residual, sherd of Flint and
Sand Tempered Ware, with 2 sherds of Tudor Green, a large sherd of Verwood-type Ware and 2
sherds of Refined Earthenware. Sherds in context (1373) are much more fragmented and a wider
range of types are present, including Iberian Micaceous Redware, Rhenish Stoneware and
contemporary, industrially produced types. This trench appears to have principally been filled with
contemporary, redeposited material, possibly from elsewhere.
Iberian Micaceous Redware 1 8 8 1 8
Westerwald Stoneware 1 21 21 1 21
Verwood 1 66 66 12 175 15 13 241
Creamware 4 6 2 4 6
Refined Earthenware 2 30 15 3 8 3 5 38
Unid 1 1 1 1 1
Total 6 135 23 26 239 9 32 374
Similarly, trench 1123 seems to have been filled principally with redeposited material, however a
large sherds of Verwood-type Ware (in context (1177)) and Post Medieval Redware (in context
(1219)) may be secondary waste deposits. As in trench 1042 most of this redeposited material is
likely to be contemporary with the filling of the feature. Trench 1260 contained 2 moderately sized
sherds of Verwood-type Ware and 2 smaller Flower Pot fragments. All of these foundation trenches
appear to have been filled with redeposited material, although the pottery is generally
contemporary, suggesting that the spoil used was formed fairly recently in relation to the filling of
the features.

MQffe1 1 11 11 1 11
Verwood 3 60 20 3 60
Staffordshire White Salt Glazed Stoneware 1 3 3 1 3
Refined Earthenware 1 1 1 3 6 2 4 7
Total 6 75 13 10 139 14 16 214
Feature 1097 is a robber trench. The fill (1096) contained a small, residual sherds of Fine Sandy Ware
and Post Medieval Sandy Ware, with a sherd of Refined Earthenware.
The garden soil layer (1583) yielded 55 sherds, including 5 very large (but residual) fragments of
Wessex Coarseware and 21 sherds of Local Whiteware (table 49). The remainder of the pottery is of
post medieval date, with sherds generally being moderate-large in size. The wares present consist of
Verwood, Post Medieval Redware, Post Medieval Brown Glazed Ware, Tin Glazed Ware and
industrially produced Black Basalt, Creamware, Porcelain, Refined Earthenware and English
Stoneware. Sherds of Tudor Green and Iberian Redware are likely to be residual. A single sherd of
Scratch Blue was recovered from the gravel layer (1164) and is likely to be contemporary with it.
Context: 1583
Ware SC SW ASW
Iberian calcareous redware 1 13 13
Tudor Green 1 3 3
Verwood 3 278 93
Post Medieval Brown Glazed 1 4 4
Creamware 2 20 10
Black Basalte 2 18 9
Porcelain 2 6 3
Total 55 1238 23
Table 49: Pottery from Garden Layer 1583.
Further layers also contained pottery. A single small sherd of Verwood-type was recovered from
layer (1163), whilst a residual sherd of Late Medieval Sandy Ware and sherds of Tin Glazed Ware,
White Salt Glazed Stoneware and Porcelain were recovered from (1269). Layer (1370) contained a
single sherd of Verwood-type ware. The levelling layer (1059) contained 12 large sherds of Verwood-
type, likely to be contemporary with the formation of the deposit, as well as 2 residual sherds of
Tudor Green.
Layer (1312) contained a mixed assemblage of 89 sherds (table 50). Much of the material is likely to
be contemporary with the deposit, including 49 sherds of Verwood and sherds of Post Medieval
Redware, Tin Glazed Ware, Creamware, Porcelain and Refined Earthenware. These sherds are
generally small, suggesting that the layer consists of reworked material. There is also a strong
residual presence, including 2 very large sherds of Fine Sandy Ware and sherds of Wessex
Coarseware and later medieval sandy wares.
Context: 1312
Ware SC SW ASW
Fine sandy ware 2 198 99
MQ3 1 18 18
MQ4 1 6 6
FQarg2 2 12 6
Raeren-type Stoneware 1 11 11
Frechen-type Stoneware 3 31 10
Tudor Green 2 2 1
Post Medieval Sandy Ware 2 35 18
Verwood 49 549 11
Creamware 2 24 12
Porcelain 3 78 26
Unid 1 2 2
Total 89 1211 14
Table 50: Pottery from Layer 1312.
There are very few secondary waste deposits in this phase, with most features seemingly filled with
redeposited/reworked spoil, including some residual material. A range of typical 19 th century types
are present and these sherds are generally less fragmented than the residual material, however
there are some exceptionally large, earlier sherds in some layers.
VESSEL FORMS
Given the fact that the majority of pottery from the site is fragmentary and redeposited in nature, it
is unsurprising that many sherds could not be assigned to specific vessel forms (table 51). Similar
trends are present to at other sites in Romsey. The early medieval wares are present in a limited
range of forms, principally jars with a small quantity of sherds being from tripod pitchers. Unlike at
some sites in Romsey, bowls are very rare in these wares. Most sherds from the 13th-14th century
glazed wares are from jugs, with a small quantity of jars and bowls being present. Similarly amongst
the 14th-15th century wares there are only a limited range of forms present, jars, jugs and a small
quantity of bowls. This is in contrast with some sites in Romsey where there is a greater diversity in
form present in this phase.
A particularly wide range of 15th-16th century imports are present in this phase, including an Iberian
Redware mercury jar and Rhenish stoneware drinking vessels. Drinking vessels seem to have been
brought in from outside of Romsey, also being present in Tudor Green. This is in contrast to the
more utilitarian wares which seem to have been sourced more locally. A wider range of vessels are
present in the Post Medieval Sandy Wares, with bunghole pitchers being present, along with
Verwood-type sieves, pancheons and bowls/dishes. As in the earlier phases there is a split in
function, with utilitarian wares being sourced locally (principally as Verwood-type wares) with
drinking vessels (principally tea wares) and plates being sourced from the Staffordshire industries. In
general terms these trends are reflected elsewhere in the town, however the lack of bowls is
particularly noticeable here in contrast to some sites.
CONCLUSIONS
Much of the pottery present in deposits at this site is fragmented and redeposited, leading to a high
proportion of sherds being residual in later features. That said, there are noticeable differences in
the level of fragmentation between contemporary and residual sherds. The site phasing does seem
to be supported in general terms by the pottery. A similar range of pottery is present to other sites
in Romsey, although there are a particularly wide range of late medieval or early post medieval
imported wares. The assemblage is suggestive of continuous occupation on the site from the post-
conquest period to the 20th century. The assemblage of later medieval and post medieval wares may
be of particular importance for future studies of pottery from the town.
Bhole Chamb Flower Tripod Tripod
Bottle Pitcher Pot Pot Jar Jug Lid Merc Jar Panch Plate Sieve Skillet Tea Pot Pipkin Pitcher Bowl/ Dish Cup/ Mug
SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW SC SW
4 59
24 348 4 25
ype)
1 24
3 212 2 32
2 25 2 81
95 1930 1 16 2 15 14 737
1 4 26 210
1 11
24 337
33 525 1 6
3 39
1 18
1 35
4 9
3 37
2 45 2 35
1 41
13 100
1 8
6 203
1 42 25 529 19 569 3 48
10 128
1 3
5 129 6 210
1 52 1 13
re 1 50 1 23 1 47
1 64 29 1080 33 860 1 150 6 396
1 13
62 57
1 24 1 13
1 52 1 21
2 63
3 13 7 20
31 1211 3 62 1 58
39 1674 6 205 3 336 1 21 40 911
1 50 17 521 1 73 1 170 2 81
1 4
1 12
1 16 1 3 2 15 4 77 4 39
1 17 4 79 6 62 2 25 23 33
1 2
1 8
e 3 39
1 5
7 91
1 75 10 72 1 7 12 146 1 20
2 28 1 37 1 15 4 53
5 41
1 3
2 28 35 1417 1 16 5 41 270 6910 195 3860 2 83 2 71 3 336 22 190 1 21 1 170 1 7 1 150 6 40 86 2459 116 434
Table 51: Vessel Forms Present.

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Post-Roman Pottery from Church

Street, Romsey, Hampshire

Phase 1: Post conquest to 13th century

Phase 2a: 13th-15th Century

Phase 2b: 14th Century

Phase 2c: 15th Century

Phase 3a: 16h Century

Phase 3b: late 16th-early 17th century

Phase 4: 18th-19th Century

Phase 5: 18th Century

Phase 6a: 1808-1815

Phase 6b: Pre-1845

Phase 6c: 1898-1903

Modern: 1903 onwards

PHASE 1: 11TH-13TH CENTURIES

Feature: 1522 1691

Table 3: Pottery from the Phase 1 Channel.

Feature: 1324 1649

PHASE 2 (13TH-15TH CENTURIES)

Context: 1819 1821 1822 1824 1826 1827 Total

Context: 1463 1515 Total

Phase 2b (14th Century)

Context: 1760 1765 1771 1772 Total

Context: 1796 1809 Total

Context: 1795 1818 Total

Phase 2c (15th Century)

PHASE 3 (16TH-17TH CENTURIES)

Phase 3a (16th Century)

Context: 1315 1316 Total

Context: 1705 1706 1712 Total

Context: 1790 1810 1812 1820 Total

Phase 3b (16th-17th Century)

Context: 1281 1377 1504 Total

PHASE 4 (17TH -18TH CENTURY)

Context: 1439 1444 Total

Context: 1503 1540 1607 Total

Context: 1175 1334 Total

Context: 1262 1296 Total

Context: 1638 1733 Total

Context: 1212 1253 Total

Context: 1177 1219 Total

Table 49: Pottery from Garden Layer 1583.

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