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(ii) To determine radius of gyration about an axis through the center of gravity for the compound
pendulum.
Objective: (i) To determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) by a compound penJulum .
(ii) To determine radius of gyration about an axis through the center of gravity for the compound
pendulum.
Apparatus: A bar pendulum, a knil'e-edge with a platform. a preci sion slup watch. a 111dcf :--cak
', '· \
Theory: The bar pendulum consists of a metallic bar of about one meter long. A series of
circular holes each of approximately 5 mm in diameter are made along the length of the bar. The
bar is suspended from a horizontal knife-edge passing through any of the holes. The knife edge.
in turn, is fixed in a platform provided with the screws. By ad_ju sting the rear screv, th e platform
can be made horizontal.
Formula used:
K = JAC x BC
1
-
piagram:
[. ..j
~ (:Y.l
I I~
gj .,--:.,,
e1,___. , , ,,.,.•··-·,. .,
!#..;.1·· . \ :].)
Procedure:
(i) Suspend the bar using the knife edge of the hook through a ho~nearest to one end of the bar.
with the bar at rest.
(ii) Allow the bar to oscillate in a vertical plane with small amplitude (within 40 of arc).
(iii) Note the time for 20 oscillations by a precision stop-watch by. Make thi s observation one
time's and finds the mean time t for~2O oscillations. Determine the time period T.
(iv) Measure the distanced of the axis of the suspension, i.e. llrn hol e fruri:::i uw' or 1he edtses or
tl<le ear B)1 a me!ec scale "tYOl\ C.-~ ·
(v) Repeat operation (i) to (iv) for the_0th~_r h~l ~s till CG of the har is arrroached where the time
period becomes very large.
(vi) Invert the bar ·and repeat operation s (i) to (v) for each hole starting from th e extreme top .
(vii) Draw a graph with the distanced of the holes as abscissa and the time period T as ordinate.
The nature of graph is shown in be low figure.
2
1
G - -----
Dlstllnc~ (d ) of th.;i hc:•I~
from one end In cm
Fig.2 Graph with the distanced of the holes and the time period T
Observations:
.
.
.
-t-----------j
- -- ---------
~
3
Table 2: The value of g and k f T
rom vs d graph
. ob ~
No. c-.f ·- L T _., L
.
l'vlean· i( K I :-,l~c1n ·K
(cm) (~ ~C) g = 4:rr '- -I 'J •"'I
I - '
1_...:m '
:. . r.: -~- · (( JU ! I
( 1 ~ .. ,
. --."
I
,'
!
(cm/:,-,: c" )
1. i\.DCDI: (A.D DI:
~
. ·1.:\!1
. -- .. ,. ,
\ AC<B C
or
")
.. ) CDXCE
-· ..
"
3. .. " ,,
"
.,
Calculation:
Calculation of g:
Draw the horizontal line ABCDE parallel to the X-axis. Here A, B, D and E represent the point
of intersections of the line with the curves. Note that the curves are symmetrical about a vertical
line which meets the X-axis at the point G, which gives the position of the C. G of the bar. Thi s
vertical line intersects with the line ABCDE at C. Determine the length AD and BF and tind th e
length L of the equivalent simple pendulum from
L= (AD+BE)/2=L/2
Find also the time period T corresponding to the line ABC DE and then compute the value of g .
Draw several horizontal lines parall el to X-axis and adoptin g th e ahcwe procedure find th e vah, e
of g for each horizontal line. Calculate the mea n value of~ - Altern atively. for each hori 1(1ntal
line ohtain th e valu es of I . ::i ncl T ~111 d cfr::rn a graph with r · :1:: :1hscis,;a '.1 nci I ::'- (' 1"Lli11 :1t,' Tk
graph would be a straight line. By taking a convenient point on the graph, g rnay be 1.:alculated.
Calculation of k:
To calculate the value of K, determin e the len gth AC. BC t:)r CD . CE nf th ,~ I inc /\ BC DF ,rnd
· j) '-\ 1L ll 1L' p tl' >L'l-l· lt1 "·• ' 11 I,11 ,,.
I CX8 C nr \/(' O'-
cu putc '-./\
111
. ,\.'(_' l-.·.. 1,l' , .. ,,·\.
,, ,.' .... , , :.,. ., ' ' ... .. ,' , . 1·. ,' I , ...' I , ,I.
·, ;. ,' ·. , ·, 1.,1 I,
all K.
4
Result:
Percentage error:
Precautions:
Viva voice:
Students would able to learn how to calculate the radius of gyration about an axis throu gh the
center of gravity for the compound pendulum .