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(a)
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To find:
Whether the events are independent or not.
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Solution:
The probability that an individual fail both the first and second test is 0.05 .
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Explanation:
Given:
The probability that a student studies for a test is 0.60 .
The probability that a student gets a good grade in test is 0.70 .
The probability that the both event occur is 0.52 .
Approach:
The intersection of both the events should be equal to the product of the probability of bth
the events.
Calculation:
Calculate the probability of intersection of both the events.
P  A P  B   P  A  B 
P  A P  B
Here, is the probability that a student studies for test and is the probability
P  A  B
that a student gets good grade in studies and is the intersection if the events
Substitute the values in above equation.
 0.6   0.7   0.52
0.42  0.52
Conclusion:
Hence both the events are not independent.
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(b)
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To find:
The probability that a student gets good grade provided that he studies.
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Solution:
The probability that a student gets good grade provided that he studies is 0.87 .
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<!--<EXPLANATION>-->
Explanation:
Given:
The probability that a student studies for a test is 0.60 .
The probability that a student gets a good grade in test is 0.70 .
The probability that the both event occur is 0.52 .
Approach:
The probability of one event dependent to another is calculated by dividing the
intersection of both the events by independent event.
Calculation:
Calculate the probability that a student gets good grade provided that he studies.
 B  P  B  A
P  
 A P  A
B
P 
Here,  A  is the probability that a student gets good grade provided that he studies.
Substitute the values in above equation.
 B  0.52
P  
 A  0.6
B
P    0.87
 A
Conclusion:
Hence, The probability that a student gets good grade provided that he studies is 0.87 .
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(c)
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To find:
The probability that a student studies provided that he gets a good grade.
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<!--<ANSWER>-->
Solution:
The probability that a student studies provided that he gets a good grade is 0.74 .
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<!--<EXPLANATION>-->
Explanation:
Given:
The probability that a student studies for a test is 0.60 .
The probability that a student gets a good grade in test is 0.70 .
The probability that the both event occur is 0.52 .
Approach:
The probability of one event dependent to another is calculated by dividing the
intersection of both the events by independent event.
Calculation:
Calculate the probability that a student gets good grade provided that he studies.
 B  P  B  A
P  
 A P  B
B
P 
Here,  A  is the probability that a student gets good grade provided that he studies.
Substitute the values in above equation.
 B  0.52
P  
 A  0.7
B
P    0.74
 A
Conclusion:
The probability that a student studies provided that he gets a good grade is 0.74 .
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