1. Problem definition: What is the problem? Why is it a problem? For whom is it a problem?

What are the economic, environmental, and social costs?

Traffic is one of the most talked problem of the country especially in metro manila. According to studies,
almost 3.5billion pesos per day are loss due to traffic alone according to JICA. Aside from economic loss,
traffic also has an impact in social aspect. Many commuters spent more time in the travel that should be
spent in their families and self. EDSA is the main circumferential road that connects the southern part of
Manila, Makati and Pasay to the northern part of Metro Manila which are Bulacan, Valenzuela Quezon
City etc. The AADT for EDSA was 367,738 in 2017. Sixty seven percent of these vehicles are private.
Aside from the economical and social cost, environmental impact is also been a problem because of the
amount of time vehicles spent in the streets due to traffic.

2. Problem analysis: What are the causes of the problem? What role can infrastructure and
supporting policy interventions play in solving it? What data exists or can be created to help
inform the problem?
A. Causes of Problems
a. Lack of Discipline among drivers
b. High volume of vehicles during rush hour
c. Insufficient train system
d. Vendors/Pedestrian
e. Inconvenient road
f. Flood
g. Mall entrances
h. Insufficient application of policies
B. Role of Infrastructure (Structure)
a. Tunnel – this will cut the travel time and will serves as an alternative in the main road of
EDSA.
b. Improvement of current MRT3 line – this will increase the capacity of the train and will
lead to commuters taking it as an alternative to private cars.
c. Road improvement – this will increase the average speed of vehicles in which will
probably improve the traffic condition. Improving the velocity of vehicle will improve
the capacity of the road.
d. Bus rapid transit – alternative to MRT3. Although BRT need to have its own lane in the
road, it will vastly improve the capacity of EDSA since private vehicle can change their
mode of transportation.
C. Role of Infrastructure (Demolition)
a. Bill boards - should be removed of limit in order to improve traffic condition. Build
boards serves as destruction to drivers and commuters.
D. Policy Intervention
a. Adaptation of BRT
b. No contact apprehension
c. Strict driver’s license examination
d. Government must handle all Bus lines along EDSA
e. Greener EDSA policy – gov’t must require owners and businesses along EDSA to go
GREEN. (Plants more trees, plants in their roof top).
E. Data exist (Boquet, 2013)
 a. Very high density of people in Metro Manila, 18% of population to 0.2% of land
area.18,567 population per square meter.
b. 28% of motor vehicles in the Philippines is in Metro Manila
c. 1.1 million ridership capacity among the three major LRT lines per day.
d. Road density per person (in meters) 0.38, Road density (km/sq.km) 4.62

3. Solution generation: What is the solution? How does it solve the problem? What is required for its
implementation, and is it feasible in a reasonable timeframe? Who should do what
when? What are threats along the way? How can these be dealt with?
A. Short term solution (2-3 years)
a. Increase the number of MMDA and HPG personnel
b. Intelligent stop light
c. No contact policy, more CCTV
d. Seminar on bus drivers
e. Alternative route
B. Long term solution (10-15 years)
a. Tunnel connecting QC and Makati
b. New MRT trains
c. Bus rapid transit line along EDSA
C. Policy solution (3-5 years)
a. NEDA must prioritize the infrastructure for EDSA
b. New cities outside the radius of Metro Manila must be developed to lessen the congestion of
people around here.
c. Government offices must be established per region to decrease the people coming in.
d. Strict driver’s license examination
e. Stop the development along EDSA, malls should be limited
f. Green infra should be applied along EDSA to improve its visuals.

All of the solution is feasible, but it will surely take time since the budget is very limited to important
projects, not just in Metro Manila, but in the whole Philippines. NEDA must have a feasibility study and
cost and impact assessment of big projects like the tunnel, BRT line and improvement of MRT3.

Surely there will be threats along the way of implementation especially in the policy. The government
must focus on the positive impact rather than the negative. The country must have a detailed master plan
so that the development does not impede one another.

4. Solution and alternatives analysis: In which measure does the solution solve the problem?
How certain of its effectiveness are we? Do the benefits/advantages outweigh the
benefits/disadvantages? How can the solution be improved following the assessment?

BRT research